Tesis sobre el tema "Professional prestige"

Professional certification is arguably a means of validating a practitioner's competency within their trade. Certification can also be beneficial for enhancing a profession's prestige, improving academic programs, and helping to define the profession in question. However, certification can be considered not feasible, effective, or perhaps even necessary. Due to the likelihood of these conflicting viewpoints, it is essential for any profession to determine the support level from its members prior to implementing a certification process. This thesis presents the results from a 1998 survey for the American Evaluation Association, whereby their members responded to items regarding the need, effectiveness, feasibility of enacting a certification system for professional evaluators. Respondents were mixed in their attitudes. A slight majority indicated a certification system could be feasible. However, more respondents were unconfident than confident that certification can be effective or is even necessary; additionally, many were undecided on these issues.

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Globalization has demanded professionals who are prepared to operate in competitive markets. In this dynamic environment, in which organizations are constantly revising their business strategies, accounting professionals must also develop new skills that enable them to fulfill their responsibilities adequately. In fact, national and international accounting entities have made efforts to improve and grow the profession in response to emerging needs. The objective of this research is to understand how the professional market is evaluating accounting and accountants in today s business environment. This paper contributes to the study of the accounting profession in Brazil, its focus being the evolution of the profession s prestige. This research was concerned, more specifically, with the institutionalization of the profession in Brazil, the creation of professional associations, the regulation of higher education in Accounting Science, and efforts towards the design and improvement of professional training. The theoretical framework of the study is based on professional sociology. In order to analyze the profession s prestige, weberian theories of class and status, and neo-weberian theories of social class and occupation, were employed. The study is exploratory in nature, as data and information were used to explain the delineation of the profession and to extrapolate the occupational prestige achieved by its professionals. For the study of the profession, the documentary research method was used. The procedure used to assess the status of the profession included semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed through the content analysis method. The results show that the perception of the professional market concerning accountants is strongly impacted by the technical aspects of the profession. However, it was observed that, relative to more active participation by accountants in the decision-making process, perception is lower due to lack of business environment understanding. For its exploratory character, this study was initiated in the professional market and is intended to contribute to the related academic body of work by suggesting ways of achieving professional improvement, which can be used to align training programs, degree programs, and continued education in the field.
A globalização tem demandado profissionais aptos a atuar em mercados competitivos. Neste cenário dinâmico no qual as organizações estão constantemente revendo suas estratégias de negócios, os profissionais da Contabilidade também necessitam desenvolver competências que os habilitem a desempenhar seu papel satisfatoriamente. De fato, organismos nacionais e internacionais vinculados à profissão têm realizado esforços para o aperfeiçoamento da profissão. O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar como o mercado profissional está avaliando o contador e a Contabilidade no atual ambiente de negócios. A presente pesquisa é uma contribuição ao estudo da profissão do Contador no Brasil, tendo como foco a evolução do prestígio da profissão. Foi realizado um estudo sobre a institucionalização da profissão no Brasil, a criação das entidades de classe, a regulamentação do curso superior em Ciências Contábeis e os esforços para o delineamento e melhoria da formação profissional. A fundamentação teórica se baseia na sociologia das profissões. Para analisar o prestígio da profissão, foram utilizados conceitos das teorias weberianas sobre classe e status e teorias neoweberianas sobre classes sociais e ocupações. O estudo é de natureza exploratória pois foram utilizados dados e informações com o objetivo de explicar o delineamento da profissão e o prestígio ocupacional alcançado pelos profissionais. Para o estudo da profissão, foi utilizado o procedimento de pesquisa documental. O procedimento utilizado para avaliação do status da profissão foi o de entrevistas semiestruturadas, as quais foram analisadas com base no método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a percepção do mercado profissional acerca do contador está fortemente impactada pelos aspectos técnicos da profissão. No entanto, observou-se baixa percepção relativa à atuação mais ativa dos contadores no processo decisório, em virtude de pouco entendimento do negócio e comunicação deficiente. Pelo seu caráter exploratório, iniciou-se no mercado profissional e tem a pretensão de contribuir com a Academia e às Instituições ligadas à profissão, no sentido de sugerir formas de aperfeiçoamento profissional que possam ser utilizadas para alinhar programas de treinamento, formação e educação continuada.

A forte identidade a um grupo socialmente valorizado aumenta a autoestima e causa uma atitude positiva face ao futuro. Neste contexto pretende-se compreender o efeito da identidade à universidade e das aspirações profissionais de estudantes de Psicologia, no desânimo face ao emprego, e o impacto das variáveis prestígio percebido e competição percebida na identidade à universidade. Estudou-se ainda o efeito da dimensão do grupo na identidade à universidade e na competição percebida. Os resultados revelaram que quanto maior a identidade, a perceção de prestígio, a competição intergrupal e as aspirações profissionais menor o desânimo de encontrar emprego. Mostraram também que a identidade estava fortemente associada à perceção de prestígio e competição intergrupal e que a dimensão do grupo teve efeitos na perceção de prestígio e competição intergrupal. Estes resultados podem contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da importância de promover uma forte identidade à universidade para o futuro dos alunos; Multiple organizational identities: The impact on risk perception of employment ABSTRACT: A strong identity to a socially valued group increases self-esteem and contributes to a positive attitude towards the future. It is intended to understand effect of the identity to the university and the professional aspirations of psychology students, in the dismay regarding employment. In this context it is intended to evaluate the impact of the variables perceived prestige and the perceived competition in identity to the university. Finally we intended to understand the impact of the university size on the identity and perceived competition. The results showed that the bigger the identity, the prestige perception, the intergroup competition and professional aspirations the less the hopelessness to find a job. They also showed that the identity is strongly associated with prestige perception and intergroup competition and that the group size had strong effects in prestige perception and intergroup competition. These results can contribute to a better understanding of the importance to promote a stronger identity to the university towards the student’s future.

Ce travail s'enracine dans un questionnement sur la mise à l'épreuve historique des discours "naturalistes" qui consistent à discriminer des groupes sociaux en fonction de caractéristiques perçues comme non-sociales (biologie, anatomie, hérédité. . . ). Si cette référence à la nature permet de rationaliser les inégalités dans des régimes contraints par leurs normes égalitaires et libérales, qu'en est-il de ce dispositif lorsque ces groupes transgressent ces "lois naturelles" censées les attacher à certaines places? Tel est le cas des Françaises qui, sous la lIIe République, s'émancipent de leur rôle traditionnel pour s'aventurer dans des professions historiquement masculines. Cette première transgression en génère une seconde: celle que les républicains, hostiles à ces nouvelles doctoresses, avocates ou ingénieures, effectuent en les excluant du principe d'égal accès. Ces affrontements se déploient à travers des litiges sur l'accès des femmes à tel diplôme, grade ou titre, et un débat continu sur leur capacité et leur droit à exercer les professions "viriles". C'est cette controverse, ses arguments et son articulation avec l'évolution de la doxa sur la naturalité de la division sexuée du travail, qui constituent l'objet de cette étude.

This study is focused on the field of design. It examines how people understand and perceive designers and the design professions. The study draws on a phenomenologically informed interactive perspective to provide a methodological approach to understanding what the perception of design is. The relationships between design and occupational prestige, professional status and consumerism are the principal themes that run throughout the research, but the analysis also draws on the data obtained to profile the demographics of designers, particularly in relation to income, gender and education. The research included an occupational prestige assessment, completed by 304 participants from Swinburne University and the University of the Third Age, using multidimensional scaling analysis to provide a mapping of the occupations. Overall, the results indicated that participants find it difficult to differentiate between individual design occupational specialties, but that they see design as distinct from proximate occupations such as artist and architect. The results also confirmed the premise that occupational prestige is multi-dimensional and that raters will use a variety of constructs (including service to the community, not just education and income), to determine their understanding of the perceived social standing of occupations. The findings were further explored within three focus group discussions involving both design and non�design students from Swinburne University. The results indicated that most participants, including the design students, knew relatively little about design and that what they did know was often skewed by media depictions and stereotypes. The final research stage was the development of a mail-out survey questionnaire that was distributed to design educators, members of the Design Institute of Australia and to a non-design, public group. Seven hundred and fifty three questionnaires were completed. As expected the results showed that there are differences between the level of knowledge and understanding of the three participant groups. The lack of knowledge of design and designers, particularly by the public participants, was quite evident, with the two design groups tending to rate design as more professional and of greater importance to society and the economy than the public group. Analyses of the incomes and occupational situations of the design respondents revealed that the designers generally worked in a unique environment characterised by low to middle incomes and very small organisations (except for those in the education sector). Gender differences between income and the positions held in an organisation were also found and would be a useful area for further investigation. The study was useful in that is served to clarify and quantify issues that have been raised in the literature about the poor understanding of design and designers. It provides a platform of information that could be further used in future studies to make more detailed examinations of specific issues.

Texte remanié de: Tesis doctoral--Facultad de filosofía y letras--Universidad nacional autónoma de México, 2000. Titre de soutenance : Universidad y sociedad : los graduados de la Nueva España en el siglo XVIII.
Bibliogr. p. 569-586.

Orientador: Thomas Patrick Dwyer
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este texto apresenta e expoe os resultados de um survey com egressos de Ciências Sociais e Economia dos ultimos trinta e cinco anos de tradicionais instituicoes do estado de Sao Paulo. O foco da analise reside nos cientistas sociais, desenvolvida a partir de questões teoricas de uma sociologia dos cientistas sociais, que se difere de outras perspectivas e abordagens anteriores. O survey forneceu dados empiricos para: a) elaborar uma descrição do mercado de trabalho pela situacao e pelas trajetorias ocupacionais, b) caracterizar o perfil social do grupo de egressos, c) definir uma estrategia de pesquisa (com o suporte de uma tradicao de pesquisa em estratificacao social) que conseguisse captar da profissao seus segmentos mais valorizados, de maior posicao social ou de status e prestigio, e d) integrar os objetivos anteriores em uma analise da composicao social das posicoes ocupacionais projetadas por meio deste criterio social. Deste modo, foi possivel esbocar as participações relativas das areas do mercado de trabalho na absorcao dos cientistas sociais, apreender estes segmentos em um continuo valorativo segundo avaliacoes dos proprios membros da profissao e analisar a composicao social destes segmentos (por cor e raca, sexo e origem social), buscando tendencias de abertura e fechamento e nichos de concentracao de atributos sociais. Com a extensao do survey foram possiveis comparacoes com egressos de Economia, seguindo os mesmos procedimentos realizado para os cientistas sociais.
Abstract: This work presents a survey with Social Sciences and Economics alumni from a thirty-five years time span of traditional universities in the state of São Paulo. The focus of the analysis rests on social scientists, developed following theoretical questions of a sociology of social scientists, different from others previous perspectives and attempts. The survey brought empirical data with which we can: a) elaborate a description of the labor market by occupational current situation and work trajectories, b) delineate the social profile of the alumni group, c) define a research strategy (with the support of a tradition in the social stratification field) that could capture from a profession its most valued parts, of higher social position or higher status and prestige, and d) integrate all data into an social composition analysis of the occupational positions projected by that social criterion. In this way, I sketched the relative proportion of labor market areas in absorbing social scientists, grabbed its segments in a valorative continuum, made with evaluations from the members themselves, and analyzed the social composition of these segments (by race, gender and social origins), searching for openness and closure tendencies, and niches that concentrate social attributes. Extending the survey to Economics alumni also made comparisons possible, following the same procedures realized for social scientists.
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências Sociais

La thèse s'intéresse au rapport au travail en menant une investigation sociologique historicisée sur les concierges d'hôtels de luxe. D'une part, dans une perspective de sociologie du travail et de l'emploi, elle s'intéresse aux conditions de possibilité d'un investissement des salariés dans une activité professionnelle de service de luxe auprès des classes supérieures. Elle restitue d'abord les circonstances d'une entrée enchantée dans le monde du luxe et d'une conversion corporelle et culturelle favorisant cet investissement. Elle observe ensuite quelles dispositions s'accordent avec les contraintes relationnelles d'un travail qui met en contact quotidien et rapproché des agents aux propriétés sociales très éloignées. Elle explore enfin la recomposition des identités de genre au sein d'un métier resté longtemps exclusivement masculin et qui se féminise progressivement. D'autre part, dans une perspective de sociologie des groupes professionnels, la thèse cherche à comprendre comment l'association des concierges d'hôtels tente de construire et de protéger collectivement le prestige du métier, en connectant les adhérents au sein d'un réseau international de plus en plus cohésif. Vecteur d'une mobilisation collective symbolique, cette association se positionne comme interlocuteur face à l'État ou aux chaines hôtelières pour clore le marché du travail de la conciergerie. Elle vise enfin à protéger l'image publique du métier et à entretenir une culture professionnelle commune qui puisse survivre aux transformations de l'accès au métier et au remplacement de la voie traditionnelle de l'apprentissage sur le tas par une formation professionnelle de type scolaire
The following dissertation concerns the study of labour amongst concierges in luxury hotels, and does so by means of historico-sociological inquiry. While privileging a methodology relative to the sociology of work and employment, I focus upon the so-called felicitous conditions of paid workers working closely with an upper class clientele. To do so, I first detail the worker's enchanted entry into the world of luxury, and the conditions of cultural and material conversion that engage their commitment. My second task is to observe what kinds of dispositions best allow a worker to navigate the relational constraints and of an industry that throws together actors from such divergent parts of society. Lastly, I explore the ways in which gender identity is constituted and reconstituted within a work environment that has long since been seen as exclusively masculine, and which is progressively being feminized. From a different point of view, a sociology of professional groups offers a nuanced analysis of how the association of hotel concierges generates both pride and growth opportunities within the field. I show how such an association serves to construct and maintain an aura of prestige, by connecting its members within a cohesive international network. As a vector of collective symbolic mobilization, this association positions itself as the official mouthpiece of concierges, in talks with both the State and hotel chains in order to try and close the labour market of conciergerie. The association also protects the public image of hotel concierges and creates a professional culture that can resist the changes of traditional standards of apprenticeship, which tend to be replaced by scholarly forms of training

La notion de promoteur immobilier est fonctionnelle, en ce qu’elle sert l’application d’un régime spécifique. En phase contractuelle, la réglementation du secteur protégé et la législation consumériste obligent le promoteur à se conformer à un grand nombre d’obligations à l’égard de l’accédant au logement. Postérieurement à la réception de l’ouvrage, le promoteur supporte en toutes circonstances les mêmes garanties légales que les constructeurs de métier, alors que les désordres matériels d’origine technique ne lui sont pas imputables. De surcroît, la jurisprudence met à sa charge une obligation de résultat résiduelle, visant à couvrir tout dommage ressortant du non-respect de son obligation de livrer un ouvrage conforme à la commande et aux règles de l’art. La notion de promoteur immobilier est par ailleurs plurivoque. Elle désigne à la fois le mandataire visé aux articles 1831-1 et suivants du Code civil, qui supervise l’opération au nom et pour le compte du maître d’ouvrage propriétaire du terrain à construire, et celui qui, selon les critères mis au jour par la jurisprudence, a « l’initiative et le soin principal de l’affaire ». Plusieurs définitions coexistent ainsi à l’heure actuelle : celle d’un promoteur « initiateur », qui est à l’origine de l’opération qu’il commercialise (en recourant à la vente d’immeuble à construire, voire à la vente d’immeuble à rénover ou à la vente d’immeuble achevé) et celle d’un promoteur « exécutant » ou « prestataire de services », qui représente le maître d’ouvrage dans l’exercice de ses attributions (au moyen d’un contrat de promotion immobilière ou de maîtrise d’ouvrage déléguée). Se pose en outre la question de la participation du promoteur à l’édification de l’ouvrage et celle de son identification éventuelle au constructeur de maisons individuelles. Indépendamment des définitions jurisprudentielle et légale du promoteur immobilier, de nombreuses incertitudes entourent cette notion. Aussi est-il nécessaire de doter le promoteur immobilier d’une définition claire et exhaustive, permettant de lier le travail de qualification du juge. Selon une approche ratione materiae, il convient de déterminer avec précision le champ de son intervention, en délimitant l’objet de son activité de construction et de rénovation, et en détaillant les missions de montage et de suivi qu’il est susceptible d’assumer. Une telle analyse doit être complétée par une approche ratione personae, s’intéressant à la qualité de professionnel du promoteur et décrivant les formes statutaires empruntées par ce dernier. Plus largement, le travail de redéfinition de la notion ne présenterait qu’un intérêt théorique si le statut juridique qui va de pair n’était pas réévalué. En ce sens, puisque la notion de promoteur s’est construite sur la base d’un régime de responsabilité spécial, il convient de s’interroger sur son bien-fondé. Au surplus, malgré plusieurs tentatives avortées, l’instauration d’un statut professionnel propre au promoteur reste une question d’actualité, qui implique d’apprécier l’opportunité d’un contrôle des conditions d’accès et d’exercice de la profession
The concept of real estate developer is functional, in that it serves the application of a specific scheme. In the contractual phase, protected sector regulations and consumer legislation oblige the developer to comply with a large number of obligations with regard to the purchaser of the accommodation. Following the reception of the work, the promoter supports in all circumstances the same legal guarantees as the builders of trade, while the material disorders of technical origin are not to be attributed to him. In addition, case law places a residual performance obligation on him, aimed at covering any damage arising from non-compliance with his obligation to deliver a work that conforms to the order and to the rules of the art. The concept of property developer is also multi-faceted. It designates both the agent referred to in articles 1831-1 et seq. of the Civil Code, who supervises the operation in the name and on behalf of the owner of the land to be built, and one who, according to the criteria set updated by case law, has "the initiative and the main care of the case". Thus several definitions coexist at present: that of a promoter who is an “initiator” at the origin of the operation which he markets (by resorting to the sale of buildings to be built, even to the sale of buildings to be renovated or the sale of completed buildings) and that of a "performing" promoter or a service provider who represents the building owner client in the exercise of his powers (by means of a contract of real estate development or of delegated project management). The question of the promoter's participation in the construction of the work and that of his possible identification with the builder of individual houses is also worth dealing with. Apart from the jurisprudential and legal definitions of the property developer, many uncertainties surround this notion. It is therefore necessary to provide the property developer with a clear and exhaustive definition, making it possible to link the judge's qualification work. According to a ratione materiae approach, it is necessary to determine the scope of his intervention precisely, by delineating the object of his construction and renovation activity, and by detailing the assembly and follow-up missions that he is likely to assume. Such an analysis must be supplemented by a ratione personae approach, focusing on the professional quality of the promoter and describing the statutory forms taken by the latter. More generally, the work of redefining the concept would only be of theoretical interest if the legal status which goes hand in hand was not reassessed. In that sense, since the concept of promoter was built on the basis of a special liability regime, it is necessary to question its merits. In addition, despite several failed attempts, the establishment of a professional status specific to the promoter remains a topical question, which involves assessing the advisability of controlling the conditions of access and exercise of the profession

Cette thèse se propose d'analyser les rapports de qualification en milieux ouvriers, notamment au sein des usines gabonaises de transformation du bois. Elle tente de saisir la dynamique des qualifications au regard des processus qui conduisent à leur production et des dispositifs qui sous-tendent leur reconnaissance. Elle interroge les discours et les pratiques autour des régimes de production et de reconnaissance des qualités productives en articulation avec les trajectoires professionnelles. En privilégiant une approche sociétale tenant compte de l'histoire structurelle de l'industrie nationale du bois, l'analyse des processus de production des qualifications ouvrières interroge la place du système scolaire et/ou universitaire, des entreprises et des organisations professionnelles. Les tentatives de professionnalisation des activités industrielles du bois au Gabon depuis les années 50 n'ont pas abouti à la formation de catégories professionnelles qualifiées au sens académique du terme par le diplôme ou tout autre titre. La permanence de ces décalages entre les formations scolaires existantes et les emplois en présence est associée à une longue pratique de production, de reproduction ou de transfert des savoir-faire techniques par l'expérience du travail. Les ouvriers développent ainsi des savoir-faire et des compétences plus ou moins professionnels au gré des trajectoires allant des parcours scolaires généraux ou techniques-professionnels aux expériences d'emplois variées. Les qualités productives construites par la force du travail apparaissent donc comme un caractère dominant des rapports de qualification dans ce secteur industriel. Se pose de fait le problème de leur codification et de leur reconnaissance socioprofessionnelle. De quels dispositifs, de quels espaces et de quelles marges disposent les acteurs alors que les accords, les conventions de travail, bien que « négociés », se révèlent inopérants ? L'intérêt de cette thèse réside moins dans la proposition d'une définition singulière de la notion de qualification que dans la compréhension de ce qui se joue au sein des rapports de qualification dans ces milieux ouvriers. L'étude cherche ainsi à saisir les rapports de qualification sous le prisme des formes et des enjeux de la production, de la reconnaissance, du déni ou du contrôle des rapports salariaux au regard de la structure des trajectoires professionnelles. Elle s'appuie sur la sociologie du travail et emprunte aussi bien à l'histoire, à l'anthropologie, à l'économie qu'au droit du travail
This thesis offers an analysis of the relations of the qualification in workers' environment, more particularly in the Gabonese wood transformation factories. This work attempts to understand the dynamics of the qualifications through the processes leading to their production and the system that underpins their recognition. It will examine the discourses and practices concerning the regimes of production and recognition of productive qualities in articulation with occupational trajectories. This issue will be focused on a societal approach in consideration with the structural history of the national timber industry. The analysis of the production process of workers' qualification will question the role of the educational system (respectively school and university), the firms and occupational organisations. Since the 1950's, the professionalization of the activities in the wood industry in Gabon has failed to create qualified occupational categories in the academic sense of the word, either through the diploma or any other certification. The continuous gap between existing educational trainings and the jobs offered is associated with a long experience of production, reproduction or transfer of technical know-how acquired by the on-the-job experience. The workers thus develop more or less occupational know-how and competences according to the trajectories, going from general or technical/vocational educational paths to various job experiences. The productive qualities built by the force of the work thus appear as a prevailing reference of the qualification relations in the history of the Gabonese timber industry. As a consequence we may wonder about their codification and their socio-occupational recognition. Which system, which spaces and which margins do the actors of the sector have whereas collective labour agreements, albeit "bargained", turn out to be ineffective? The interest of this study is less centred on a single definition of the notion of qualification than on the understanding of what is going on in the qualification system inside the workers' environment. With this objective in mind, this study will try to shed light on the qualification system under the prism of the forms and stakes of the production, recognition, rejection or control of the wage-earner relationships in the factories with regard to the structure of the occupational trajectories. This work is based on the labour sociology but also history, anthropology, economy and labour law

La thèse a pour objet de reconstruire l'ensemble des processus -pratiques, acteurs, relations-qui expliquent l'accès aux postes dirigeants des principales entreprises de l'Argentine. L'enjeu principal est de montrer qu'une intégration réussie à l'élite managériale s'atteint en surmontant les épreuves de la carrière managériale tout en organisant un dense réseau de solidarité.

Notre thèse porte sur les processus de valorisation des activités professionnelles. La nécessité de valoriser l’activité professionnelle, et de fait ceux qui la réalisent, se comprend au regard de la place occupée par le travail dans la construction et l’inscription sociale des individus. Elle se comprend également au regard des demandes organisationnelles d’investissement dans le travail adressées aux individus. Cette nécessité est d’autant plus prégnante que nous nous situons dans le cadre organisationnel et professionnel des activités de service, et plus précisément de l’hôtellerie de chaîne entachée par sa proximité avec la domesticité. Ces processus de valorisation s’articulent à un ethos à l’égard du travail marqué par l’entrepreneuriat de soi, positionnant l’individu entrepreneur de lui-même et de son devenir comme modèle. Le rapport ambivalent entre l’hôtellerie de chaîne et l’ethos de l’entrepreneuriat de soi, fait de distance et de recherche de proximité, dessine un continuum de valorisation sur lequel se positionnent et sont positionnées les différentes activités professionnelles présentes au sein des organisations étudiées. L’analyse des processus de valorisation nous amène à questionner les hiérarchies sociales de métiers, formelles et informelles. Au travers du rôle de l’organisation et des logiques d’actions des individus dans la construction de ces hiérarchies, les processus de valorisation nous donnent à voir un monde social pluriel marqué à la fois par du commun et par une logique de différenciation
This thesis is about the valorization processes of professional activities. The necessity of valorizing professionalactivity, and thus the people involved, is obvious when taking into account the importance of work in theconstruction and social inscription of individuals as well as the organizational demands of investment placed onthe individuals at work. This necessity is paramount in the organizational and professional context of serviceactivities, and particularly in the chain hotel business. These valorization processes are connected to a workethos based on self entrepreneurship, in which the individual becomes an entrepreneur of himself and of hisfuture. The ambiguous relation between the chain hotel business and the self entrepreneurship ethos, acombination of distance and search for proximity, creates a valorization continuum on which the differentprofessional activities are positioned or position themselves. The analysis of those valorization processesquestions the social work hierarchies, both formal or informal. Through the study of the role of organization andindividual or collective action in the construction of those hierarchies, the valorization processes reveal a pluralsocial world, combining common elements and a fair amount of differentiation logic

The primary purpose of this study is to identify those people at most risk of being bullied at work. While much research is being conducted on school bullying, little has been conducted on workplace bullying. Using data gathered from a 2004 study conducted by the National Opinion Research Center for the General Social Survey, which included a Quality of Work Life (QWL) module for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), linear regressions indicated significant findings. As predicted, workers in lower level occupations, as ranked by prestige scoring developed at National Opinion Research, are more likely to be victimized. Data also suggest that being young, Black, and relatively uneducated may contribute to being bullied in certain situations. Future research is needed to examine influences of socio-economic, legal, and other demographic factors that may predict the chance of being bullied.
M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les concepts « Image de soi » et « satisfaction professionnelle » dans les groupes d’appartenance du travail, dans une approche cognitive et conative (affect et ses effets). Il s’agit de montrer que l’Image de soi au travail est liée aux différents niveaux de satisfaction des sujets face à leur emploi. Ces niveaux de satisfaction dépendent de leur niveau d’attentes. La satisfaction professionnelle repose donc sur le sujet et non sur l’emploi lui-même. C’est pourquoi, cette notion s’insère dans un système comprenant, d’une part, les aspects de l’emploi et ses avantages et, d’autre part, l’individu et ses attentes. L’étude porte sur 63 sujets, une population relativement réduite d’un point de vue statistique mais avec laquelle nous avons pu mettre en lumière des résultats intéressants que, par prudence, nous considérerons comme valables pour ladite population seulement.À la lumière de l’analyse corrélée des divers paramètres explorés, l’étude révèle qu’il existe réellement un système d’attentes « théoriques », strictement inhérentes au sujet, et un système d’attentes diversifiées issu des différences individuelles et culturelles. La satisfaction des fonctionnaires du Ministère du Travail, de l’Emploi et de la Prévoyance Sociale du GABON est tributaire des avantages matériels que leur emploi leur procure (bureau climatisé et équipé, voiture de service, salaires et primes…), associés à des aspects extérieurs au travail (logement de standing, revenus complémentaires, reconnaissance sociale…). Tous ces éléments participent à la construction de l’image de réussite qu’ils renvoient aux autres. Et cette image est fortement tributaire de l’image que ces fonctionnaires se font d’eux-mêmes, associée à leurs attentes. À la lumière de cette étude expérimentale qui repose aussi sur une étude théorique consacrée à la psychologie du travail dans le contexte de la fonction publique et, plus spécifiquement au vécu des fonctionnaires au travail (leur représentation de leur position, directement dans la structure, mais aussi à l’extérieur, dans la société qu’ils côtoient), il apparaît que l’image de réussite requiert une image positive de soi, révélatrice d’un sentiment de satisfaction professionnelle et personnelle. Les résultats de notre expérimentation tendent à vérifier, cette dernière affirmation, étude qui appelle des recherches plus approfondies
The objective of this research is to study the concepts of “self-Image” and “Satisfaction” in the membership of groups working in a cognitive and conative (affects and effect). It is shown that self-image at work is linked to different levels of satisfaction issues facing their jobs. These levels of satisfaction depend on their level of expectations. Job satisfaction is thus based on the subject and not on the job itself. Therefore, this concept fits into a system comprising, first, aspects of employment and benefits and, secondly, the individual and his expectations.The study covers 63 subjects, a relatively small population of a statistical point of view but with which we could highlight some interesting results that, by caution, we consider as valid only for that population.In light of the analysis correlated the different parameters explored, the study reveals that there is actually a system of expectations “theoretical” strictly inherent to the subject, and a variety of expectations from the individual and cultural differences. The satisfaction of officials of the Ministry of Labour, Employment, and Social Welfare of Gabon depends on the material benefits that their jobs provide them (room air-conditioned and equipped, car service, salaries and bonuses…), related to aspects outside the work place (luxury housing, additional income, social recognition…).All these elements contribute to building the image of success they relate to others. And this image is strongly dependent on the image that these officials are themselves associated with their expectations. In light of this experimental study is also based on a theoretical study devoted to the psychology of work in the context of public service and, more specifically to the experiences of staff at work (their representation of their position, directly in the structure, but also outside in the society around them), it appears that the image of success requires a positive self-image, revealing a sense of professional and personal satisfaction. The results of our experiments tend to verify this last statement, which calls for study of further research

碩士
國防大學政治作戰學院
社會工作碩士班
103
This study examines how army counseling staffs’ occupational prestige and role stress affect their professional commitments. Totally 264 questionnaires were collected between February 1 and March 14, 2015 with 252 valid copies in the end. Our findings shows that: First, some of demographic variables show significant differences on the role stress and the professional commitment. Second, the occupational prestige is negatively correlative with role stress; professional commitment are both positively correlative with occupational prestige and role stress. Third, “role ambiguity” and “professional level” can effectively predict “professional commitments”. Fourth, “role stress” and “occupational prestige” can effectively predict “professional commitments”. Several suggestions are proposed according to the findings above: (a) army counseling staffs required independent promotion system; (b) the job openings required by professional training can only be recruited by the staffs with professional background; (c) the staffs with professional licenses should be rewarded by salary bonus; (d) their job description and boundary should be more specific; (e) hiring more civil professional counseling staffs for inside training. Keywords: military social work, counseling staff, occupational prestige, role stress, Professional Commitment

碩士
大葉大學
教育專業發展研究所
98
The research tries to achieve the purposes below: to understand the relationship between the occupational prestige and the professional development of present Taiwan school teachers; to investigate current positions of forty careers, the factors that affect the attitude of respondents toward the occupational prestige, and the status quo of teachers’ occupational prestige indexes; to explore the differences within different background variables of respondents in teachers’ occupational prestige and professional development; to find out the relationship between teachers’ occupational prestige and professional development; to analyze the prediction of educational training, teaching belief, social contribution and work ethic for teachers’ professional development. In this study, 380 elementary and junior high school teachers and parents were surveyed by given Personal Information Questionnaire, Forty Careers Ranking Questionnaire, Teachers’ Occupational Prestige Questionnaire, Teachers’ Professional Development Questionnaire, The Questionnaire of Occupational Prestige cause factors, Teachers’ Occupational Prestige Indexes Questionnaire. The statistical methods used for data analysis were Descriptive Statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression. The main findings of the research were as follows: 1. Among the factors that affect the attitude of respondents toward the occupational prestige, professional level is the main factor. 2. Among forty careers, the occupational status of elementary and junior high school teachers is quite high. 3. Respondents with different background variables have different attitude toward teachers’ occupational prestige and professional development. 4. Among teachers’ occupational prestige indexes, teachers’ status is an important index. 5. Teachers’ occupational prestige and professional development are positively related. 6. Teachers’ occupational prestige can effectively predict professional development. According to the analysis of the reference and the conclusions of the research, recommendations on teachers, educational administrative authorities, and further researchers are submitted.

The diploma thesis focuses on the concept of social work in the social and legal protection of children and social workers perception of the prestige this profession. The diploma thesis defines terms such as self-worth, self-realization, motivation and prestige, while the emphasis is mainly on meeting expectations that were formed before studying at university, or higher professional school. The work also focuses on the professional and systemic limits that social workers at OSPOD encounter, but also on the assumptions that are an integral part of the professional performance of social work at OSPOD. The empirical part of the thesis is focused on qualitative research, where semi-structured interviews were used and the respondents were selected on the basis of the reference selection. This thesis also looks into the problem and identification of critical areas, which are connected with the performance of social work on OSPOD, mainly in the context of perception of prestige of this profession.

My diploma thesis deals with problems of viewing of teachers who work in primary school on their profession. There are elaborated facts, which deals with an activity, problems, competences, roles, prestige, a salary and a social status of this profession in the theoretical part. There are elaborated interviews with teachers in the practical part who responded how they perceive their occupation, what they think about it from the view of working content, professional problems, etc.

Canadian professions have, paradoxically, lost prestige at least in a relative sense, despite being the prototype for the expanding new economy. The early 1990s saw a transition from the old economy to a new economy emphasizing a highly educated and knowledge-focused workforce that values flexibility, innovation and risk. Professions exemplify the knowledge-intensive and education-centered traits emerging in the new economy particularly well. This research examines factors that influenced changes in the prestige ratings of professions during the 40-year period between 1965 and 2005. Occupational prestige and census data collected in 2005 are used to measure the impact of changes in education, income, and the gender composition of professions on the prestige levels. Abbott’s “professional purity” thesis is also used to examine the effects of people-complex versus data-complex practices on prestige ratings. The influence of rater characteristics is also examined in terms of prestige allocation to professions. Finally, using a lawyer survey, the prestige associated with areas within the legal profession is examined in a study of internal stratification. Professions experienced a relative gain in occupational prestige over this 40 year period; however, professions did not gain as much in comparison to all occupations. In predicting 2005 occupational prestige between 1965 and 2005, the change in income, data and people-complex tasks, gender of incumbents, and the gender of the rater all impact the prestige that professions receive. Women’s increase in numerical representation within professions increases the 2005 prestige ratings of professions. In predicting 2005 prestige, female raters attributed significantly more and male respondents attributed significantly less prestige to professions. Gender significantly predicted the level of law an individual practiced and the distribution of gender across specializations also suggests that the legal specializations where many women work are less prestigious than men’s specializations.

The profession of a social worker has a significant role in the society context. The task of the social worker is to help people to solve their problems, cope with difficult everyday life situations, provide courage for active solutions and reinforce the responsibility for one's own life. This thesis presents the social worker's profession and it is divided into six main chapters. In theoretical segment social work is defined in the first chapter. The second chapter contains information on history of the social work and analyses the current state of it. The third chapter is devoted to the ethics of social work, ethical dilemmas, ethical code and professional values. The fourth chapter defines the social worker's profession, mentions the required personal qualities and competences as well as its roles. Furthermore, it describes the characteristics of the profession itself and professional identity, studies the prestige of the profession and education of social workers. The practical part starts with the fifth chapter and it maps the opinions of social workers about their profession. The research strategy, the selection of the respondents and course of the survey and the data evaluation methods are described there. The final chapter interprets the collected data and provides their graphical depictions.

This thesis focuses its attention on librarian profession. It follows the development of librarian profession since its beginning to the present. The thesis is concerned with prestige of the profession and its image. It represents some of the Czech librarian awards and deals with their holders. It introduces leading figures of Czech and world culture, who worked in library during their lives. Finally, the thesis seeks to capture the image of a librarian in literature and film.

This thesis is devoted to the teaching profession with a focus on nursery school teaching. The theoretical part contains information about teaching as a profession, focusing directly on the prestige of nursery school teachers and describes the contemporary aspects of prestige. Finally, it is described in detail the development of the profession preschool teacher, as a source of ongoing professionalisation of teaching. The main objective of the research is to compare how the prestige of pre-primary teachers evaluated by teachers from other educational levels and preschool educators themselves. Furthermore, to determine how different the results of the investigation work of the author and poll by the Centre for Public Opinion Research (Centrum pro výzkum veřejného mínění - CVVM) at the Institute of Sociology of the prestige of the profession of 2013 and 2016. Design survey is mixed. The method is a questionnaire, structured interviews and document analysis. The results show the relative agreement with research by CVVM. Respondents rated significantly differently just 4 professions and teaching professions rated slightly higher than in the original survey. Comparison of the teaching profession, as evaluated by teachers, showed that each group of teachers (according to school grades) evaluated their...

Anotace: The thesis "The motivation for the teaching profession" dealt with fundamental problems of motivation to the teaching profession. In the theoretical part, we have focused on general characteristics of terms that pertain to the teaching profession, particularly the theory of the teaching profession, the choice of the teaching profession, the phase of the teaching profession, teacher typology, the role of teacher training and professionalization of teachers, but also washed into the teaching profession, status of teachers in society, the prestige of the teaching profession, on motivation and disincentives to the teaching profession, teachers' job satisfaction and coping in the teaching profession. Based on this theoretical target was set of thesis and research work was carried out. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the motivation of students second and 3 year master's program, major in Teaching for elementary schools, the Faculty of natural sciences, humanities and teaching Technical University in Liberec, which leads to the choice and the teaching profession. Research has therefore focused mainly on the circumstances of the election of teacher training, assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the teaching profession, the prestige of the teaching profession, etc. The research was...