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Almasarwah, Adel, Mohammad Almaharmeh, Ahmed M. Al Omush y Adel Sarea. "Profit warning and its association with stock price informativeness: experimental analysis". Journal of Investment Compliance 21, n.º 4 (7 de diciembre de 2020): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-10-2020-0032.
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Purpose This study investigates the nature of the association between profit warnings and stock price informativeness in the context of Jordan as an emerging country. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a large panel data set that related to stock price synchronicity and profit warnings percentages on the Amman Stock Exchange for the period spanning 2007–2018. Robust regression was used as a parametric test. This enabled us to obtain stronger results that fall in line with our prediction that a profit warning encourages firm investors to collect and process more firm-specific information than common market information. Findings Our findings show a significant positive effect of profit warnings on the amount of firm-specific information incorporated into stock price, which means that the greater the percentage of profit warnings the more likely that more firm-specific information will be incorporated in stock price synchronicity. In addition, corporate governance characteristics (moderating variables) significantly increase the level of the relationship between profit warnings and stock price synchronicity. Practical implications Our study results could be useful to investors, senior managers, and regulators in Jordanian firms, particularly in relation to decisions about enhancing the quality of financial statements. In addition, our results provide new evidence about the consequences of earnings announcements for information content and the informativeness of stock prices. Our methodology and evaluation of profit warnings may also demonstrate useful evidence for future researchers on profit warnings and stock price informativeness in developing economies, especially given that such evidence is scarce in developing economies. Originality/value This research is the first study of its kind on emerging markets, particularly in the Middle East. Moreover, entering the corporate governance variables as moderating variables to the robust regression was found to be more powerful than other regressions.
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McKillop, Andrew. "Shell Profit Warning — The Shock That Wasn't". Energy & Environment 25, n.º 8 (diciembre de 2014): 1477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958-305x.25.8.1477.
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Francoeur, Claude, Réal Labelle y Isabelle Martinez. "Governance and the decision to issue a profit warning". Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration 25, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2008): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjas.80.
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Wang, Su. "The Construction of Warning Model for Technology Patent on Environmental Engineering". Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (marzo de 2012): 2873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.2873.
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To construct warning model for technology patent can effectively get rid of the R&D trap, transaction trap as well as piracy trap. The warning model for technology patent on environmental engineering includes information collection, information regulation, information analysis, warning analysis, countermeasures provision and crisis management. According to the shift of warning evaluation index, it can raise the alarm at different degrees, and help to standardize, scientific and standardize the environmental engineering, so as to guarantee the profit of investment on environmental protection in China.
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Aubert, François y Waël Louhichi. "Analyst earnings forecast revision activity around profit warnings across four European countries". Journal of Applied Accounting Research 16, n.º 1 (11 de mayo de 2015): 58–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-01-2013-0005.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on research concerning financial analysts’ activity surrounding profit warnings issued by listed companies in the four largest European stock exchanges (France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK). The authors address three aspects of analysts’ forecasts: ex-post accuracy of forecasts, earnings forecast revisions, and consensus forecast dispersion. The goal of the analysis is to study the differences between financial analysts’ behavior within different regulatory settings, namely common law vs civil law countries. Design/methodology/approach – The sample is composed of 1,330 profit warnings issued by listed European firms during the period 2000-2010. The authors apply event study methodology and OLS regressions to highlight the impact of the legal information environment on analysts’ reactions. Findings – The empirical analysis reveals that analyst activity depends on each country’s legal context factors, such as the legal information environment of the firm and the index of investor protection. Accordingly, the authors show that both a richer legal information environment and stronger country-level investor protection substantially improve analyst accuracy around profit warnings. Research limitations/implications – The sample is only composed on firms from four European countries owing to a lack of firms from other European countries that disclosed PW during the period 2000-2010. It would be pertinent to conduct future research dealing with an international sample from different continents. Practical implications – The paper contributes to a deeper understanding of analysts’ reactions to profit warnings. The findings can influence firms’ reporting practices and lead to future regulation policies. Originality/value – This work is the first to examine the relationship between profit warning releases and the behavior of financial analysts in a pan-European context where there are different institutional levels of investor protection.
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Knobel, Marcelo y Robert Verhine. "Brazil’s For-Profit Higher Education Dilemma". International Higher Education, n.º 89 (15 de abril de 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2017.89.9769.
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Brazil's higher education system is characterized by a relatively small public sector, focused on research-intensive universities, and a huge private sector, which has grown continually since the 1970s due to burgeoning demand. The private sector is now dominated by for-profit institutions which, by definition, seek immediate financial gain rather than the long-term public good. In this article, we discuss current trends with respect to for-profit institutions, giving special attention to the recent creation of mega-establishments through a series of mergers involving both national and international investors. We close by warning of some of the negative implications potentially associated with the country’s dependence on for-profit higher education.
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Knobel, Marcelo y Robert Verhine. "Brazil’s For-Profit Higher Education Dilemma". International Higher Education, n.º 89 (15 de abril de 2017): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2017.89.9843.
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Brazil's higher education system is characterized by a relatively small public sector, focused on research-intensive universities, and a huge private sector, which has grown continually since the 1970s due to burgeoning demand. The private sector is now dominated by for-profit institutions which, by definition, seek immediate financial gain rather than the long-term public good. In this article, we discuss current trends with respect to for-profit institutions, giving special attention to the recent creation of mega-establishments through a series of mergers involving both national and international investors. We close by warning of some of the negative implications potentially associated with the country’s dependence on for-profit higher education.
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Ishida, Julie H., Charles E. McCulloch, R. Adams Dudley, Barbara A. Grimes y Kirsten L. Johansen. "Dialysis Facility Profit Status and Compliance With a Black Box Warning". JAMA Internal Medicine 173, n.º 12 (24 de junio de 2013): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.979.
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Khudhori, Khairul Umam y Loni Hendri. "Deteksi Dini Krisis Lewat Profit And Loss Sharing (PLS)". Al-Intaj : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 6, n.º 1 (22 de marzo de 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/aij.v6i1.2779.
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Abstract: Financial crisis is a danger that always haunts financial stability of every country. Islamic finance as the new comer also gets into this trouble. Fortunately, Islamic finance system is stronger than conventional facing the crisis. This strong may come from its principles that support it. This paper uses a library research to examine the PLS system and it benefits to financial stability. The finds of this paper are Islamic financial system is more stable than conventional one, and PLS system can be used as the early warning of financial crisis.
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Zhang, Xiao y Lina Guo. "A Simple Repairable System with Warning Device". Journal of Function Spaces 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/671756.
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This paper considers a simple repairable system with a warning device which can signal an alarm when the system is not in good condition and a repairman who can have delayed-multiple vacations. By using Markov renewal process theory and the probability analysis method, the system is first described into a group of integrodifferential equations. Then the unique existence and asymptotic stability, especially the exponential stability of the system dynamic solution, are studied by using the strongly continuous semigroup theory orC0semigroup theory and the spectrum theory. The reliability indices and some applications (such as the comparisons of some indexes and profit of systems with and without warning device) as well as numerical examples are presented at the end of the paper.
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Othman, Norfaizah, Mariani Abdul-Majid y Aisyah Abdul-Rahman. "Determinants of Banking Crises in ASEAN Countries". Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 09, n.º 03 (octubre de 2018): 1850009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993318500096.
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This paper attempts to estimate the determinants of crises on Islamic banking system during financial crises using early warning system (EWS) with particular focus on the element of profit–loss sharing. Profit–loss sharing has significant impact in reducing crisis probability experienced by the Islamic banking system. This suggests that profit–loss sharing may be considered as one of the risk mitigation techniques for bank to remain resilient during the crises. The results further show that full-fledged Islamic banks have higher chances of experiencing crises relative to the Islamic subsidiaries banks. In addition, economic freedom and overvaluation in the currency are more likely exposed to banks to the crises.
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Pukthuanthong, Kuntara. "Why Should We Like Firms that Voluntarily Disclose?Evidence from Profit Warning Firms". Journal of Investing 19, n.º 4 (30 de noviembre de 2010): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/joi.2010.19.4.066.
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Ling, Mu Ling, Li Yuan y Cheng Ya Wei. "Risk Analysis of the Real Estate Financial Market Based on Risk Energy Theory". International Journal of Corporate Finance and Accounting 8, n.º 1 (enero de 2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcfa.2021010102.
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Beginning with real estate financial risk and risk energy theory, combined with empirical research, this article analyzes real estate financial markets in different stages and calculates the profit and loss (the ratio of the release of risk energy to the risk energy) in order to judge whether the risk energy has exceeded the system tolerance and to play a warning role. First, this article analyzes uncertain factors in the real estate market, builds a real estate supply and demand network, determines system risk characteristics, corresponding profit and loss categories, quantitative and qualitative factors, and the risk of energy release and the collapse of boundary conditions. The real estate market is approached using both univariate and multivariate analyses, dividing the real estate market into three stages and probing mergers and transformation conditions for different levels of risk. Finally, the authors analyze whether the financial risk energy released by real estate market exceeds the capacity of the system by calculating probability, risk, which play a warning role.
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Pratyush Ranjan y Peeyush Ranjan. "Service-Profit Chain Analysis in Healthcare Services". Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Healthcare 4, n.º 2 (2 de abril de 2018): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jmrh.2018.42008.
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Focus on service-profit chain by organizations in the service sector has been found to be of crucial importance. Companies in varied sectors like banking, airlines, restaurants and healthcare have become industry leaders by focusing on aspects of service-profit chain. This paper presents an analysis of service-profit chain in the healthcare sector. Taking two examples of hospitals from India and one from abroad this paper brings out the importance of focusing on the service-profit chain in this sector. An analysis of the practices in these hospitals, with a major focus on Aravind Eye Hospital, will give a perspective of how these hospitals have focused on the service-profit chain and made them efficient and effective and have enhanced their customers’ satisfaction. Service-profit chain analysis can help healthcare organizations to be customer focused. It can motivate organizations to develop attractive value propositions for customers. It can also provide a warning to organizations that are neglecting the interests of employees. Overall, the service-profit chain provides a useful framework for healthcare organizations in developing their strategy as well as implementing day-to-day operations.
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Nie, Yong Gang y Pei Jing. "Discussion on the Establishment of Enterprise Cost Management Early Warning System". Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (diciembre de 2012): 1860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1860.
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With the rapid economic development, and the competition between enterprises increasingly fierce, the rising costs make many businesses difficult, there have been companies into a small profit or even the edge of bankruptcy. Cost risk is inevitable in the course of business for every enterprise. Establishing the cost management early warning system can prevent the risk of cost control effectively, and help enterprises to improve the level of integrated management.
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Arshad, Roshayani, Wan Ainul Asyiqin, Wan Mohd Razali y Noorbijan Abu Bakar. "Catch the “Warning Signals”: The Fight against Fraud and Abuse in Non-Profit Organisations". Procedia Economics and Finance 28 (2015): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)01089-8.
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Spohr, J. "The share is down 8% after the profit warning, is it time to buy?" Applied Economics Letters 21, n.º 8 (3 de febrero de 2014): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2013.875100.
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Ren, Yangli, Lina Guo y Lingling Zhang. "Stability Analysis of a Repairable System with Warning Device and Repairman Vacation". Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 2013 (2013): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/674191.
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This paper considers a simple repairable system with a warning device and a repairman who can have delayed-multiple vacations. By Markov renewal process theory and the probability analysis method, the system is first transformed into a group of integrodifferential equations. Then, the existence and uniqueness as well as regularity of the system dynamic solution are discussed with the functional analysis method. Further, the asymptotic stability, especially the exponential stability of the system dynamic solution, is studied by using the strongly continuous semigroup theory orC0semigroup theory. The reliability indices and some applications (such as the comparisons of indices and profit of systems with and without warning device), as well as numerical examples, are presented at the end of the paper.
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Fu, Xing Fang, Ji Jun Li y Le Xi Li. "Risk Fuzzy Measurement and Early-Warning of the Project in Material Supply Chain". Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (noviembre de 2012): 1844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1844.
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In the environment of network competition, it is a basic condition of stabilized operation to measure effectively the risk with early warning of the project of material supply chain system. From the angle of system, this paper analyzes the set of risk factors of the project of material supply chain, and provides a fuzzy method for the supply chain whole risk of measures. Making use of this method, we can acquire the valid early warning of the system risk of project of material supply chain, so as to solve the disadvantage of deviating between the risk analysis of system and node of the project of material supply chain, all which has profit to the risk managements of system effect of the project of material supply chain and the choice of cooperation contract company.
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Surmont, Tim, Helgi Valur Daníelsson, Brendan Hughes y Roumen Sedefov. "The “Spice” Trade". International Criminal Justice Review 28, n.º 3 (12 de diciembre de 2017): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567717745345.
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There are currently over 170 synthetic cannabinoids monitored by the European Union Early Warning System, making it the single largest group of new psychoactive substances, often marketed as “legal” replacements to cannabis. The Internet, coupled with cheap and efficient shipping, has allowed countries like China and India to become the chemical and pharmaceutical wholesalers and retailers to the world. These companies ship synthetic cannabinoids to Europe, where they are processed and packaged into a range of products, smokable herbal mixtures being the most common one. The herbal mixtures, often referred to as “Spice,” are then sold via online shops on the surface web, using sophisticated marketing techniques, potentially generating high profits. We decided to use available data on the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PINACA to estimate those profits. After making an inventory of the required materials and the typical retail price, we made a lower and upper bound profit estimation. We found that the return on costs varies between 3.3 and 24.4 after the first production and rises to a range between 5.5 and 42.5. By applying a basic economic model, our estimations show that profits in this type of business are substantial.
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Meuwissen, T. H. E. y M. E. Goddard. "Selection of farm animals for non-linear traits and profit". Animal Science 65, n.º 1 (agosto de 1997): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800016222.
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AbstractAccording to animal breeding theory, profit after, say, 10 generations of selection is maximized when the usually non-linear profit function is approximated by a linear breeding goal where the linearization is at the population mean in generation 10 and the linear breeding goal is subsequently predicted by a linear index for which the animals are selected. The prediction of the population mean at generation 10 requires linear relationships among the traits that constitute the non-linear profit, because otherwise this prediction becomes very complicated.A non-linear index is proposed that simply estimates the non-linear goal H =f(u) by Ĥ =f(û), where u = vector of genetic values for the traits and u is its (BLUP) estimate. This non-linear index does not require predictions of (future) population means and does not require linearly related traits.To test these indices a simple meat production example was constructed where the non-linearity between the traits was due to the competition between weight and probability of survival for the same resources from food intake. In the model selection for weight and, in particular, for weight over costs (mainly food) led to reduced profits due to large reductions of survival rates. Although, the example was oversimplified, this should provide a warning for the use of oversimplified breeding goals, e.g. fitness traits may reduce by more than expected from base population genetic parameters.When probability of survival and weight were measured, a non-linear index of these non-linear traits gave the greatest genetic gains. Failure to update genetic parameters each generation severely reduced genetic gain and, if linear indices were used, it was also important to update the economic weights. When probability of survival was measured, profit could be calculated on each animal and included as a trait in the calculation of estimated breeding value. This yielded high genetic gain and did not require updating of genetic parameters or economic weights.
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Elexa, Lubos, Lenka Hvolkova y Miroslava Knapkova. "Anticrisis management: warning signals before failure". Marketing and Management of Innovations, n.º 3 (2019): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.3-08.
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Critical situations in the operations of companies, both evitable and inevitable, usually have a certain pattern and development trend but are different as to the duration, sector or region. Many of them ask for some legal procedure, the most critical ones lead to a bankruptcy process. The purpose of the research is the rapid increase in number of bankruptcies in Slovakia in recent years. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the bankruptcy as a type of critical situation in Slovak companies and specify it according to the regional and sectoral perspective, including economic conditions prior to a bankruptcy. The paper utilizes secondary data obtained from available databases. The initial analysis is focused on the group of all companies entering the bankruptcy process in the period from 2009 until 2019. Firstly, the full sample is considered, regardless of the legal form and data and the outcome of the analysis is used for mapping of industrial and regional intensity of bankruptcies. The second stage of the research is focused on research sample after the irrelevant subjects were ousted from it. As irrelevant subjects we consider sole traders without business data and companies with doubtful data or unclear bankruptcy start. Through the available indicators are identified the early warning signals from the financial perspective. Indicators are split into two categories – absolute and relative ones and they are investigated three, two and one years before the start of bankruptcy. Four hypotheses were formulated before the research, the length of bankruptcy process was quantified and specified for SK NACE sectors and regions. The paper presents the results of empirical analysis, which showed that the dynamic change in number of bankruptcies was brought with significant amending of bankruptcy legislation. The longest bankruptcy process is found in accommodation and food services (4 years), while IT companies generally went bankrupt within a year. The economic situation in bankrupting companies significantly worsen in case of sales and equity (the number of companies with negative equity doubled), development of profit/loss fluctuate a bit due to the sale of assets which helped in later stages. There is no statistically significant difference in the length of bankruptcy among the industries and regions. In case of legislative rules the lower cash ratio seems to be the dominant reason while companies enter the bankruptcy. The research results can be useful for further and more detailed analysis, mostly in connection with bankruptcy development (what happen when bankruptcy started) and liabilities compensation and through non-financial bankruptcy factors in individual industries.
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Adamowicz, Krzysztof y Tomasz Noga. "Identification of financial ratios applicable in the construction of a prediction model for bankruptcy of wood industry enterprises". Folia Forestalia Polonica 60, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2018): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2018-0006.
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Abstract At present, many early warning systems (EWS) are available. Most EWSs have been constructed based on data coming from various branches of economy. As a result, the effectiveness of these models in specific sectors of the national economy is frequently insufficient. There are no models dedicated to a specific branch, particularly the wood industry. Based on the Polish homogenous financial data supplied by the wood industry, it was decided to identify respective indexes, which may be used to construct a sector prediction model for bankruptcy in the wood industry. This study presents an analysis of indexes applied in 10 most popular EWSs used in Poland. In the course of the research process, a total of 5 financial ratios (FRs) were selected as best fitting to the investigated branch of economy. These included: profit from sales/balance sheet total, total income/mean annual total assets, operating costs/current liabilities, (operating profit – depreciation)/sales of products and equity capital/total debt.
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Chen, Yan Li y Li Hui Chen. "An Empirical Study on Predicting Financial Risk of Listed Companies". Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (mayo de 2010): 1267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.1267.
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Financial crisis early warning analysis is a matter of grave social and economic concern. It is important for enterprises, commercial banks and various investors. This is an exploratory study to determine if financial ratios of crisis companies differ from those of no crisis companies. The crisis firms (n=63) were then matched with no crisis firms on the basis of firm size, time period, and industry. Using this matched-pairs design, choose 63 listed companies, which are marked ST companies because of abnormal financial standing in Shanghai and Shenzhen in 2006, form the financial crisis samples, and choose some similar sized listed companies in same industry as matching samples, Taking the index of property liabilities ratio, audit opinion, finance lever ratio, gross property net profit ratio, sales revenue growth ratio and cash flux to current liability ratio as the final variants, set up the discriminant model by Fisher’ coefficient, conduct the case analysis of financial crisis early warning. These results provide empirical evidence of the limited ability of financial ratios to detect and predict crisis financial reporting.
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Hao, Li, Li Binlin y Qin Jun. "Dynamic overcapacity modelling of early warning system for phosphorus fertilizer industry in China". E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018502011.
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In recent years, due to significant overcapacity in China’s phosphorus fertilizer industry, the pressure of industrial capacity reduction issue has been existing for a long time. The study contributes to establish a dynamic early warning system of overcapacity to provide meaningful insight for optimizing managerial policies of phosphorus fertilizer industry in China. The dynamic early warning system includes a novel and comprehensive evaluation model, and the commonly used entropy method is applied to effectively demonstrate the degree of overcapacity. Then, the GM (1,1) grey model proposed provides future production scenarios. Several useful conclusions can be obtained. First, the overcapacity of phosphorus fertilizer has been existing for a long time and is characterized by periodicity, and more obviously, overcapacity deteriorate significantly in 2011 and 2015. Second, the greater threat would be the excessive growth and low utilization rate of new capacity of production, and the higher volatility of phosphorus fertilizer price but relatively low profit for phosphorus companies. Third, the significant increase of raw material price, labor and transportation cost and financing cost will restrict the development of the overall industry in the future, and we highlight the more comprehensive policies to consider the uncertainties in the overcapacity issue in the long term.
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Alič, Milena. "Giving-up Management System Certification: a Potential Early Warning Signal?" Organizacija 45, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2012): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10051-012-0007-3.
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Giving-up Management System Certification: a Potential Early Warning Signal?The paper presents the dynamics in number of top management system certificates (ISO 9001, ISO 14001) focusing on the situation in Slovenia in the last two years when a significant increase of cancelled certificates was noticeable. We studied this phenomenon in order to find out its reasons and effects on the performance of the organizations. Some recognized relations between quality management systems and company performance from literature review were used for setting hypotheses which were analytically proved. We assumed that quitting management system certificates was related to decrease in business performance. Empirical part of our research was based on the data of Slovenian certification bodies and on published annual financial reports of Slovenian organizations. In the survey some characteristics and performance of the organizations which gave up certification were analysed. We came to interesting findings that cancelling certificates was related to decrease in business performance and often even to closing of organizations. The downsizing of the business was increasing through the time. So, 2 years after cancelling certificates only 8% of the organizations still present growth in their income and revenue, besides almost 40% of them quit or would have to quit their business. It was also found out that the business performance after cancellation of the certificates was related to the business performance before it and to the reason for cancellation as well. Two years after cancellation there was a 3-times higher proportion of failed organizations (= 45% of previously non-profitable organizations) among the organizations that had operated at a loss before the cancellation of their certificates, compared to those previously having a profit. Among the claimed reasons for certificate cancellation organizational changes (in 35% of all the organizations losing certificates) and cancellation of certificates by certification bodies (in 41% of these organizations) were the most common ones related to the failure of these organizations.
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Chihab, Younes, Zineb Bousbaa, Marouane Chihab, Omar Bencharef y Soumia Ziti. "Algo-Trading Strategy for Intraweek Foreign Exchange Speculation Based on Random Forest and Probit Regression". Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2019 (27 de agosto de 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8342461.
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In the Forex market, the price of the currencies increases and decreases rapidly based on many economic and political factors such as commercial balance, the growth index, the inflation rate, and the employment indicators. Having a good strategy to buy and sell can make a profit from the above changes. A successful strategy in Forex should take into consideration the relation between benefits and risks. In this work, we propose an intraweek foreign exchange speculation strategy for currency markets based on a combination of technical indicators. This system has a two-level decision and is composed of the Probit regression model and rules discovery using Random Forest. There are two minimum requirements for a trading strategy: a rule to enter the market and a rule to exit it. Our proposed system, to enter the currency market, should validate two conditions. First, it should validate Random Forest access rules over the following week while in the second one the predicted value of the next day using Probit should be positive. To exit the currency market just one negative warning from Probit or Random Forest is enough. This system was used to develop dynamic portfolio trading systems. The profitability of the model was examined for USD/(EUR, JYN, BRP) variation within the period from January 2014 to January 2016. The proposed system allows improving the prediction accuracy. This indicates a good prediction of the behavior market and it helps to identify the good times to enter it or to leave it.
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Bu, Zhi Qiang y Zhi Bin Xie. "Research of Analysis on Special Dynamic Factors in Product Project". Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (octubre de 2012): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.613.
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This paper adopts the methods of horizontal expansion ideas, multi-angle studies and examples validation to study special dynamic factors in a product project. It is found that the dynamically changing social, policy and economic factors outside the company will produce a strong interference with the normal operation of product project, the actual operating condition of the project also strongly influence on the economic profit and loss in the product project. The results show that the company management, technical and financial staffs can avoid the risk rapidly by taking response strategies, and enterprise can take measure of releasing project development information in advance to create a favorable environment for future product project to be on the market, lead to a good social media for the product project, and reduce the interferences which come from policy and public opinion against this product project operation. The strategies have the significance of promoting a brand image effectively, warning competitors, and misleading competitors.
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FOMIN, G. P., I. V. SUKHORUKOVA, D. A. MAKSIMOV y I. F. ALESHINA. "THE MODEL OF THE FORMATION OF RISKS IN THE FINANCIAL PYRAMID". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, n.º 2 (2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.02.02.011.
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The article is devoted to the urgent problem of preventing financial losses and risks associated with fraudulent actions of third parties. An analysis of various circumstances and situations of fraudulent actions is given. A comparative analysis of various schemes and algorithms used in the construction of financial pyra-mids has been carried out. The importance and necessity of informational and methodological warning of the population about possible risks are shown: on the street, in an apartment, by phone and on the Internet, at home (uninvited guest), in the market, in a store, in transport, at a train station, in the press, with bank cards (phishing, skimming, phantom ATM). The economic recommendations for preventing financial losses for the affected citizens are presented. Particular attention is paid to the concept of building financial pyramids. An economic model of risk formation has been developed using the example of the famous MMM financial pyra-mid. The calculation of the moment when the depositor exits the fraudulent scheme without financial losses and, importantly, with a profit, has been performed.
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Sukmawati, Dian y Ade Armando. "Otoritas Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia dalam Pengaturan Isi Siaran". Jurnal Komunikasi Global 8, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jkg.v8i2.14774.
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Although the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) supervised all of the television programs, there are a lot of programs getting a warning because of breaking the rule of P Broadcasting Code of Conduct (P3) and Broadcasting Program Standard (SPS). Focusing on program Pagi-Pagi Pasti Happy, this research investigated the authority of KPI in terms of being a watchdog of television content in Indonesia. This research deployed political economy theory because it has studied not only media analysis in general but also the problems faced by the media industry and who controlled media. To criticize the authority of KPI in maintaining a code of conduct over the broadcasting content, three KPI’s commissioners, two television program representatives, and a media observer were interviewed. Based on interviews, the researcher found that dialogue preferred by KPI in supervising the television content confirmed that the current KPI’s commissioner has compromised with private television stations. KPI is more likely to support the existing television business system nowadays to gain maximum profit for the media investor. The findings suggest that role as KPI’s commissioner has been used to gain more power in the future.
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Jackson, Dave y Jeff Madura. "Profit Warnings and Timing". Financial Review 38, n.º 4 (13 de octubre de 2003): 497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6288.00057.
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Kalkanci, Basak y Erica L. Plambeck. "Reveal the Supplier List? A Trade-off in Capacity vs. Responsibility". Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 22, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2020): 1251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2019.0795.
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Problem definition: Under what conditions and how can a buying firm, by committing to publish a list of its suppliers and/or the identities and violations of terminated suppliers, increase its expected profit and supplier responsibility? Academic/practical relevance: This paper contributes to a recent thrust in the operations-management literature on how various sorts of transparency influence social and environmental responsibility in a supply chain. In practice, companies are under pressure to publish their supplier lists and suppliers’ violations, and some are beginning to do so. This paper could help guide their decisions. Methodology: The methodology is game theory. Results: This paper shows how a buying firm can use transparency to reward a supplier for responsibility effort to eliminate social or environmental violations. By publishing its supplier list, the buying firm can signal that a supplier is responsible and generate profitable new business for the supplier. However, the resulting competition for the supplier’s scarce capacity could cause the buying firm to obtain fewer units or pay a higher price. We identify the conditions under which a buying firm should commit to publish its supplier list and conditions under which the buying firm should also help a supplier with cost reduction or capacity expansion. In addition, the paper shows how a buying firm can use transparency to punish a supplier for a responsibility violation—by warning other buying firms not to source from that supplier. Commitment to do so increases the supplier’s responsibility effort and can screen out a supplier with a known responsibility violation, thereby increasing a buying firm’s expected profit. If the supplier is uncertain whether it has a violation (e.g., faulty electrical wiring likely to cause a fire), then the two forms of transparency can be complementary. Managerial implications: Buying firms should consider transparency as a potentially profitable approach to mitigating social and environmental violations in their supply chains.
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Jackson, Dave y Jeff Madura. "Bank profit warnings and signaling". Managerial Finance 30, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2004): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074350410769254.
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Dayanandan, Ajit, Han Donker y John Nofsinger. "Corporate goodness and profit warnings". Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 51, n.º 2 (7 de noviembre de 2017): 553–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11156-017-0680-7.
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Farooq, Umar, Muhammad Ali Jibran Qamar y Abdul Haque. "A three-stage dynamic model of financial distress". Managerial Finance 44, n.º 9 (10 de septiembre de 2018): 1101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-07-2017-0244.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the multi-stage dynamic process of financial distress. An attempt is made to explore multiple adverse heterogeneous events of financial distress leading a firm closer to bankruptcy progressively. Design/methodology/approach Sample comprises 321 ongoing, 54 suspended and 91 delisted non-financial firms from Pakistan Stock Exchange. Financial distress is segregated into three stages, i.e. profit reduction, mild liquidity (ML) and severe liquidity (SL). Flow diagrams are used to explain the transition of healthy firms through proposed stages of financial distress. Findings Results showed that firms liquidated/winding-up by court documented SL problems and closed their operations well before the delisting year. It is found that healthy firms are more likely to face SL when faced ML problem at first stage. Distressed firms can recover to a healthy position at any stage, however after approaching to SL, recovery is less expected. Practical implications The proposed process will provide a foundation for future studies to develop more relevant, robust and accurate early warning system of corporate failure that will help stakeholders to respond potential crisis accordingly and timely. Originality/value Previously, most of the studies used the ex post definition of bankruptcy that is criticized due to the contextual application, sample bias and non-segregation by the degree of liquidity problems. The originality of the proposed ex ante model is its segregation into a three-stage process that can be generalized regardless of specific bankruptcy law.
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Cizelj, Boris. "Sustainability Is What Matters Most". Mednarodno inovativno poslovanje = Journal of Innovative Business and Management 12, n.º 1 (3 de julio de 2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32015/jibm/2020-12-1-10.
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Over centuries, but even more intensely since mid-20th century, in all domains of business, society and politics, we are witnessing reducing levels of sustainability. For decades, the environmentalists are warning us that our habitat is increasuingly becoming polluted, biodiversity being reduced, and soon half of world population will have problems in accessing clean water – a vital condition for healthy life. Socio-economic differentiation has reached unprecedented dimensions, middle classes have virtually disappeared, and quality of political leadership leaves much to be desired. Supported by the dominant economic doctrine on permanent GDP growth, and financial oligarchs' responsibility recognised only to corporate shareholders, is leaving no space for socially responsible corporate management. Many people feel helpless, but in spite of actively reacting and demanding change, they do not even participate in elections. Ironically, this is happening in times when people are more educated than ever before in history, with powerful science, research and technology – including ITC, which would allow us to productively interact, inspire, exchange experiences, and build critical mass around demands for badly needed changes. This is exactly the objective of the new Sustainability Network of Networks, expected to connect numerous groups around the globe – trying to introduce new, sustainable approaches to current economic and socio-political problems. With this new programme the Knowledge Economy Network, KEN (est. in Brussels as a non-profit association in 2011) is going to contribute to changes needed to achieve more sustainability in various areas of public and private domain.
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Church, Matthew y Han Donker. "Profit warnings: will openness be rewarded?" Applied Economics Letters 17, n.º 7 (20 de mayo de 2010): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17446540802298043.
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Kalsher, Michael J., William G. Obenauer y Christopher F. Weiss. "Reconsidering the Role of Design Standards in Developing Effective Safety Labeling: Monolithic Recipes or Collections of Separable Features?" Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, n.º 6 (7 de febrero de 2019): 920–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818820413.
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Objective This research investigated whether safety labeling design guidelines, such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z535 series, contribute to better warnings. Background Studies investigating the impact of safety label formatting on warning effectiveness have produced mixed findings. Additionally, research has failed to find a consistent relationship between measures of predicted and actual compliance. One commonality is that all of these studies have investigated the ANSI Z535 guidelines as a binary variable rather than as an integrative system of separable features. Method We measured predicted compliance using both a within-subjects and a between-subjects design, but actual compliance using only a between-subjects design. Data were analyzed using both analysis of variance and linear/probit regressions to test the relationships between warning features recommended in the ANSI Z535 guidelines and measures of behavioral compliance. Results Predicted compliance assessed via a within-subjects design differed greatly from predicted compliance assessed via a between-subjects design. Levels of predicted and actual compliance were most similar when both measures were assessed using a between-subjects design. Consistent with previous research, location had a strong relationship with actual compliance, but surprisingly, presence of an ANSI-style orange warning header had a negative relationship with compliance. Conclusion The choice of experimental design and analytical methods can dramatically influence a study’s results and conclusions drawn. This research identified several aspects of experimental design that should be considered in future research on warning effectiveness. Application Testing features recommended in the ANSI Z535 guidelines under varying conditions can contribute to the development of more effective warnings.
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Jackson, Dave y Jeff Madura. "Profit Warnings and the Pricing Behavior of ADRs". Journal of Behavioral Finance 4, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2003): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15427579jpfm0403_3.
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Koloskova, O. K., R. V. Tkachuk, T. M. Bilous, L. V. Kolyubakina y N. K. Bogutska. "Сlinical and laboratory features of Reye’s syndrome in children: a clinical case". CHILD`S HEALTH 16, n.º 4 (22 de julio de 2021): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.16.4.2021.237278.
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Reye’s syndrome is a very rare disease that occurs in the pediatric population with a frequency of approximately 6 cases per 100,000 children, but the mortality due to this nosology is quite high and depends on its severity and prognostic factors. This pathology should be a warning for practitioners in terms of diagnosis and timely precautions for possible progression of the disease, taking into account the high mortality rate, the rapid progression of neurological symptoms, and lack of clear predictors of Reye’s syndrome. The article presents modern views on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, laboratory and morphological diagnosis of Reye’s syndrome. Recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta criteria for the diagnosis of Reye’s syndrome are given in the article. The article describes the differential diagnosis between classical (aspirin-associated, idiopathic) and atypical Reye’s syndrome (Reye’s-like syndrome), as well as focuses on a set of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. A clinical case of the classic Reye’s syndrome in pediatric practice is presented, which occurred in the Regional Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise “Chernivtsi Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital”. The presented clinical case, unfortunately, was fatal and the body was subjected to an autopsy, the results of which, as well as morphological changes in the section material after specific staining with Sudan III, are also described in the article. The review of the case ends with a summary and conclusions, authors emphasize the need to draw the attention of practitioners to the possibility of developing rare Reye’s syndrome in children after the use of acetylsalicylic-containing drugs; for the verification of nosology, a doctor should take into account specific changes in clinical and paraclinical parameters, and due to the absence of a minimum permitted dose of acetylsalicylic acid it should be prohibited for use in pediatric practice as an antipyretic drug.
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Gurvich, Evsey y Ilya Prilepskiy. "G20 and Global Risk Analysis". International Organisations Research Journal 16, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2021): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-02-04.
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This article studies the work carried out by the Group of 20 (G20) between the global crises of 2008¬–09 and 2020. Active G20 efforts to ensure financial stability and control imbalances helped to mitigate vulnerabilities to crises of the 2008–09 type. Other key achievements included the transition of several G20 members to market-determined exchange rates and the Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information as a part of the effort to combat base erosion and profit shifting. However, the G20 proved unprepared for the 2020 crisis, even though G20 leaders had noted the risks linked to infectious diseases in 2015. During the period between the crises, the G20 failed to establish an effective system for analyzing global risks. Indeed, its analysis was mainly adaptive as opposed to forward-looking; no mechanism was formed for controlling policies to manage risks. G20 members’ involvement in the analysis was inadequate, reflecting the consistent pattern of lower incentives for cooperation in the context of comparatively benign global economic conjunctures. Currently, however, the importance of managing global systemic risks is obvious and is reflected in the G20 Action Plan for supporting the global economy through the COVID-19 pandemic. This article presents recommendations for the key elements of this risk management (systematic identification of most probable/destructive vulnerabilities; development of strategies to minimize critical risks and mitigate their possible consequences; monitoring for early warning signs of the most critical vulnerabilities; organizing prompt consultations and adopting swift measures in response to the materialization of globally important risks), including mechanisms for members’ self-accountability and collaboration with international organizations. Management of systemic risks should start with resolving the challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic: improving public health response systems; promoting structural economic transformations while ensuring prompt return to full employment; and striking the right balance between economic stimulus and macroeconomic stability.
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Shvets, Serhii. "Early Warning System: Logit/Probit introduction for Ukraine". Modern Economics 13, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2019): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v13(2019)-41.
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Hanafi, Muhammad Amin, Absori Absori, Khudzaifah Dimyati, Ajid Abdul Syawal y Arief Budiono. "Law Enforcement of Fisheries Crime in North Maluku Province through Transcendental Paradigm". Journal of Transcendental Law 2, n.º 1 (11 de agosto de 2020): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v2i1.11368.
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Objective: This article aims to discuss the enforcement of customary law in North Maluku, the deliberation value in the BMA Sultanate of Ternate, and the implementation of customary criminal sanctions by the Badan Musyawarah Adat.Methodology: The methodology used in this study was legal research conducted in a non-doctrinal qualitative approach. In this study, the law is not only conceptualized as all the principles and rules that regulate human life in society but also includes institutions and processes that actualize the validity of these rules in society.Findings: Law enforcement of fisheries crimes is based on the provisions of Indonesian Law No. 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries. Criminal provisions are regulated by Articles 84 to 104. One of them is about sinking the ship used to commit fishing crimes. Sanctions given to the fish theft (illegal fishing) perpetrators in territorial waters that have been determined by the local customary head are 1) warning; (2) monetary charges according to the agreement of the local customary community; and (3) boat (pajeko in Ternate) or motorboat seized by the sultanate to be used by the community through profit sharing.Utility: Customary Institute of Ternate Sultanate in 2018 has decided on three cases in the Kao bay area concerning fish catching. Besides the traditional law enforcement that is implemented by the Sultanate, North Maluku recognizes Sasi Customs (Adat Sasi), which is regulation of tradition that limits people for catching fish or taking other sources in a certain type and particular period. Thus, the ecological balance is still maintained.Novelty/Originality: The concept of transcendental law enforcement is substantially in line with the values in the Segulaha tradition that has been applied for a long time in North Maluku. In Segulaha customary law, there is a traditional element in a person who has the same soul with transcendental values by positioning revelation as the source of the law. Keywords: Law Enforcement, Fisheries Crimes, Transcendental Approach
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Jaki, Andrzej y Wojciech Ćwięk. "Bankruptcy Prediction Models Based on Value Measures". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, n.º 1 (24 de diciembre de 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14010006.
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In the existing studies devoted to predicting bankruptcy, the authors of such models only used book measures. Considering the fact that the evolution of corporate measure efficiency (in addition to book measures) brought into existence and exposed the importance of cash measures, market measures, and measures based on the economic profit concept, it is justified to carry out research into the possibility of using these measures as variables within the discriminant function. The studied dataset was divided into a training set and a testing set based on two variants of the sample division. The assessment of the statistical significance of the built discriminant functions as well as the diagnostic variables was conducted using the STATISTICA package. The research was conducted separately for each variant. In the first step, a total of 30 discriminant models were created. This enabled us to select 20 diagnostic variables that were considered within the two models that were characterised by the highest predictive abilities—one for each variant. The discriminant function that was estimated for the first variant was based on the use of eight diagnostic variables, and 13 diagnostic variables were used in the function that was estimated for the second variant. The conducted analysis has proven that shareholder value measures are a useful tool that can be applied for the needs of corporate risk management in the area of the assessment of a firm’s bankruptcy risk. Using two variants of the division of the research sample into the training and testing sets, it turned out that the division affects the predictive efficiency of the discriminant functions. At the same time, the obtained findings tend to claim that the presence of the value measures from all four of the studied groups in the output set of the diagnostic variables is necessary for possibly building the most efficient tool for the early warning signs of bankruptcy risk.
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Arora, Neha. "An Exclusive Study of NGOs Leaders Working Style". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1, n.º 3 (27 de septiembre de 2012): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v1i3.1429.
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NGO leaders often face extraordinary challenges both at a personal and organisational level. They work for long hours with limited resources in uncertain and volatile political and economic environment to help the most marginalised and disadvantaged members of their communities. NGO leaders are often isolated and lack support of society. There is talk of a leadership deficit, because of the shortage of talented leaders and in non-profit making sector. As a result there is some urgency to develop a new generation of leaders, and to provide relevant support to existing and future leaders. Leadership development programmes designed for NGO leaders must incorporate best practice and current experience rather than rehashing tired, traditional approaches to leadership training. This paper examines the role of leadership development in NGO and assesses some of the challenges in developing a new generation of NGO leaders. The paper draws on the analysis of new and existing research into the dimensions of NGO leadership highlighting the importance of both individual attributes and contextual relevance. Effective NGO leaders are able to balance a range of competing pressures from different stakeholders in ways that do not compromise their individual identity and values. Leadership development programmes therefore need to focus on both the values and identity of individual leaders while also assisting leaders understand and proactively respond to the rapidly changing external environment. Additionally, the research is focussed on the experience of workplace cultures which provide the context for the delivery of human services, and have also discussed the current charitable human services paradigm. The paper also focuses on urgent need to build the capacity of NGOs to develop their leadership capability. The faith and secularity of each NGO also presented opportunities to map organisational intention around leadership, spirituality, ethics and values such that further research opportunities will be highlighted across the results. Unless systems and processes to support this work are put in place then the apocryphal warning that tress die from up will have more than a ring of truth in it. Desk research will be done and will be carefully analysis of data from secondary sources will be made to make this research paper useful for the NGOs.
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Rahman, NMF, MC Rahman, MA Baten, MI Hossain, SMQ Hassan, R. Ahmed, MM Hossain et al. "Weather Forecast Based Rice Advisory Services in Bangladesh". Bangladesh Rice Journal 25, n.º 1 (25 de agosto de 2021): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v25i1.55179.
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Strengthening the early warning system to forecast extreme weather and provide action-oriented advisories may increase rice yield as well as enhance the income of the farmers through minimizing risks and losses, if proper use of the generated advisory is ensured. This study assessed the importance and impact of weather forecast based advisory service (WFBAS) in Bangladesh. Literature review and field experimental data were used in a sensitivity analysis to show the impact of WFBAS on rice production. Available literatures suggested that the weather based advisory service would enhance rice yield by around 6.7-10%, but the experimental findings revealed that yield advantage could be 21.48%. Besides, the adoption of this technology would reduce the cost of cultivation by 12%, whereas the aggregate impact would increase the farmers’ profit by 25%. In the sensitivity study, we considered the production and price of Aman and Boro seasons (actual and government procured prices for 2018-19) and assumed only 6.70% yield increase with 5% farmers adopting of WFBAS. As such, additional 0.172 million tons will be added to the national rough rice production and thus the nation will be benefited by 3143 million Bangladeshi taka (BDT) at the actual farmgate price and it would be 4478 million BDT at the government procured price. The return on one BDT investment in this technology would be 51-73 BDT based on actual and procured prices. The projection showed enhenced production of the rough rice at 0.119 million tons and 0.214 million tons by 2025 and 2030, on which the additional return would be BDT 2441 and BDT 5223 million at the projected actual farmgate price and BDT 3522 and BDT 6979 million at the projected Government procured price, respectively. Hence, the successful implementation of the WFBAS will help to develop resilient rice farming communities, minimize livelihood risk, reduce the cost of production, utilize resources efficienty, and enable the farmers to take maximum benefit from favorable weather conditions through improved agricultural extension services. Finally, the enhanced yield and loss reduction will help to achieve the target of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) by 2030 through sustaining rice production in Bangladesh under changing climate. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 51-74, 2021
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Alves, Paulo, Peter F. Pope y Steven Young. "Cross‐border information transfers: Evidence from profit warnings issued by European firms". Accounting and Business Research 39, n.º 5 (enero de 2009): 449–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2009.9663378.
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Yin, Shuxing, Khelifa Mazouz, Abdelhafid Benamraoui y Brahim Saadouni. "Stock price reaction to profit warnings: the role of time-varying betas". Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 50, n.º 1 (18 de febrero de 2017): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11156-017-0623-3.
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Basdekidou, Vasiliki A. "Seasoned Equity Offerings as Technical Market Anomalies: Long-Term Temporal Trading Functionalities". International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, n.º 1 (14 de diciembre de 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n1p96.
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<p>The main goal of this paper is to approach the Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEO) trading opportunities as technical market anomalies and under the prism of a number of temporal (time-based) long-term trading functionalities (long-term TTF) introduced for the first time in corporate finance literature. The long-term is defined, for the purposes of this paper, as the 3-year time period, traded usually with daily, weekly and monthly time-frames. Trading is a temporal (i.e. time-based) historical living system with a number of functions, like: SEO, IPO, stock (instrument) price action Gaps, Breakouts, etc. In this domain, a number of warning long-term and short-term dynamics timing functionalities is available, like: candlestick patterns breaks, price action patterns pivotal-lines breaks, on open gup-ups (ooGUp), on open gup-downs (ooGDn), morning breakouts (mB), etc. All these time-based functionalities are regarded as 2<sup>nd</sup> level functions (i.e. functions of functions; because of the timing involved) with great trading opportunities, and they are defined –for the first time in the corporate finance literature- by this paper as temporal (timing) trading functionalities. In particular, the SEOs with the embedded long-term TTF functionalities are great trading opportunities for the institutions, the individual (non-commercial) market investors, the swing traders, and the speculators. Data analysis shows that during the seasoned equity offerings time, shareowners significantly increase their share-holding, including offerings that would be classified as overpriced at that time; hence, the involved trading volatility is increased resulting in great trading and profit opportunities. This paper contributes to corporate finance literature by examining the SEOs functions and define and document their inherit TTF functionalities. For this purpose, four categories of share-holders are regarded: The long-term institution & non-commercial traders (investors), the swing momentary institution traders (institutions), the short-term non-commercial traders (speculators) and the intraday non-commercial traders (speculators). Paper concludes that, in SEO/long-term TTF trading, apart from the insiders, the swing traders (usually the smart-money and the institutions) are more benefited, at the expense of momentary short-term and intraday speculators, while the long-term investors are not affected by the SEO offerings.</p>
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Jackson, Dave y Jeff Madura. "Impact of regulation fair disclosure on the information flow associated with profit warnings". Journal of Economics and Finance 31, n.º 1 (marzo de 2007): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02751512.
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