Artículos de revistas: "Projeto “ICARUS”"

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Bueno, A. "The ICARUS Project". Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 143 (junio de 2005): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.116.

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Guglielmi, A. "The ICARUS project". Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 149 (diciembre de 2005): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.029.

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Byford, Tetyana. "Omega Seminar/Workshop – Project Icarus". International Journal of Environmental Studies 66, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2009): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207230802059281.

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Goldberg, Hannah R. y Brian E. Gilchrist. "The Icarus student satellite project". Acta Astronautica 56, n.º 1-2 (enero de 2005): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.09.016.

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Fletcher, Erica y Jonah Bossewitch. "Studying the Icarus Project Through Digital Bricolage: How Digital Platforms Reflect Shifting Strategies in a Social Movement Organization's Development". Practicing Anthropology 42, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.42.2.49.

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Abstract This article describes digital bricolage as a way to study the digital history of a social movement organization. Drawing from our separate research projects on The Icarus Project (TIP), we describe our respective strategies as a health humanities scholar and a journalist to trace the organization's evolution; and our research findings describe TIP's gradual shift from grassroots leadership to professional staff. In tracing TIP's digital evolution, we argue that digital bricolage can contribute to our understanding of digital organizing tactics used in modern health social movements.

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6

Dubois, E., J. Hagelstein, A. van Lamsweerde, F. Orejas, J. Souquieres y P. Wodon. "A Guided Tour through the ICARUS Project". ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 20, n.º 2 (abril de 1995): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/224155.565643.

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7

Camilleri, Frank. "Of Crossroads and Undercurrents: Ingemar Lindh's Practice of Collective Improvisation and Jerzy Grotowski". New Theatre Quarterly 27, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2011): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x11000637.

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In this article Frank Camilleri discusses the historical and professional links between Ingemar Lindh and Jerzy Grotowski, with a specific focus on the nature and implications of their separate work on physical action. Lindh's practice, particularly his research on the ‘disinterested act’, is read in the context of Grotowski's ‘doing’ in Art as Vehicle. The individual work of the two practitioners on vocal and vibration techniques is seen as integral to their research on physical action. Frank Camilleri is Senior Lecturer in Drama and Theatre Studies at the University of Kent and Artistic Director of Icarus Performance Project (Malta). He served as Academic Coordinator of Theatre Studies at the University of Malta from 2004 to 2008, and in 2007 co-founded Icarus Publishing Enterprise with Odin Teatret and the Grotowski Institute.

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8

Camilleri, Frank. "‘Yours Neutrally, Habitational Action’: Performance between Theatre and Dance". New Theatre Quarterly 29, n.º 3 (31 de julio de 2013): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x13000444.

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A milestone development in a practice-as-research investigation led to the identification of ‘habitational action’ as a term that resists a priori restrictions of inner–outer problematics when discussing performer processes. In this article Frank Camilleri cross-references the term with ‘neutral action’ to locate it conceptually and historically; first with Jacques Lecoq's pedagogical mask work, and then with Yvonne Rainer's conceptualization of the ‘neutral doer’. The cross-referencing to specific theatre and dance contexts is also intended to problematize psychophysicality as a central aspect of current actor training discourse. Frank Camilleri is Associate Professor in Theatre Studies at the University of Malta and Artistic Director of Icarus Performance Project. In 2007 he co-founded Icarus Publishing with Odin Teatret and the Grotowski Institute. He is also Visiting Professor in Theatre and Performance at the University of Huddersfield.

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9

DuBrul, Sascha Altman. "The Icarus Project: A Counter Narrative for Psychic Diversity". Journal of Medical Humanities 35, n.º 3 (17 de julio de 2014): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10912-014-9293-5.

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Camilleri, Frank. "Inverting the Formula: Devising through Adaptation". New Theatre Quarterly 33, n.º 3 (10 de julio de 2017): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x1700029x.

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Adaptation in contemporary performance takes on different forms and engages various strategies. In this article, Frank Camilleri explores the subject in terms of compositional devising via his practice as research in the area. He considers adaptation as a process of adjustment and modification that occurs at the level of format or organization, and which results from a change in context. He proposes terminological and structural frameworks, namely types, movements, modes, and phases of adaption. These taxonomies are then subsequently exemplified through three case studies from the author's performance and pedagogical work. Frank Camilleri is Associate Professor in Theatre Studies at the University of Malta, where he is Director of the School of Performing Arts and leads P21 (Performance 21), the research centre for Twenty-first Century Studies in Performance. He is Artistic Director of Icarus Performance Project and co-edits the Routledge/Icarus ‘Theatre as a Laboratory’ series.

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Stanic, M., J. T. Cassibry y R. B. Adams. "Project Icarus: Analysis of Plasma jet driven Magneto-Inertial Fusion as potential primary propulsion driver for the Icarus probe". Acta Astronautica 86 (mayo de 2013): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.08.010.

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Long, K. F., R. K. Obousy y A. Hein. "Project Icarus: Optimisation of nuclear fusion propulsion for interstellar missions". Acta Astronautica 68, n.º 11-12 (junio de 2011): 1820–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.01.010.

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13

Rubbia, Carlo. "Long baseline neutrino oscillations and proton decay: The ICARUS project". Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 48, n.º 1-3 (mayo de 1996): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(96)00233-2.

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14

Montanari, C. "The ICARUS project. A 3000ton detector for neutrino and matter stability searches". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 518, n.º 1-2 (febrero de 2004): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.10.064.

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15

Saraga, D., T. Maggos, C. Degrendele, J. Klánová, M. Horvat, D. Kocman, T. Kanduč et al. "Multi-city comparative PM2.5 source apportionment for fifteen sites in Europe: The ICARUS project". Science of The Total Environment 751 (enero de 2021): 141855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141855.

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Legato, Marianne J. "Personalized Medicine and the Icarus Project: Ethical and Moral Issues in Sending Humans into Space". Gender and the Genome 3 (enero de 2019): 247028971983840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470289719838401.

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Fletcher, Erica Hua. "Uncivilizing “Mental Illness”: Contextualizing Diverse Mental States and Posthuman Emotional Ecologies within The Icarus Project". Journal of Medical Humanities 39, n.º 1 (11 de septiembre de 2017): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10912-017-9476-y.

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Araújo, Maurício Rodrigues de y Ivan Jeferson Sampaio Diogo. "Percepção socioambiental em relação ao avanço do mar na Praia de Icaraí, Caucaia, Ceará, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 7, n.º 16 (2020): 873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas(2020)071627.

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As faixas de praia funcionam como depósitos de sedimentos, que são constituídos por areias e cascalhos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a percepção socioambiental em relação ao avanço do mar na Praia de Icaraí, Caucaia, Ceará. A pesquisa teve abordagem quantitativa, de caráter descritivo e cunho bibliográfico. A população da pesquisa é formada por usuários, residentes e não residentes, da Praia de Icaraí. O estudo foi realizado no mês de junho de 2019, quando foi coletada uma amostra aleatória de 40 pessoas, abrangendo os vários segmentos da população. O público que frequenta a Praia de Icaraí são moradores locais (50%), seguidos por frequentadores (37,5%) e, por fim, os comerciantes (12,5%). Como atrativos e atividades praticadas, 42,5 dos entrevistados afirmaram que utilizam a praia para a prática de esportes como surf, 25% utilizam a praia para atividades de lazer, 20% afirmaram que não existem mais atrativos, e 12,5% para trabalhar. Com relação ao risco de avanço do mar, mar e erosão costeira de Icaraí, 75% dos entrevistados afirmaram que é muito alto, e 25% alto. Assim, os principais problemas ambientais que vem ocorrendo na praia de Icaraí são o lixo, a destruição de dunas da praia, limpeza da praia, coleta seletiva; além de problemas sociais como violência, destruição de barracas. É necessária a conjugação de mudanças culturais e transformações institucionais para estimular os cidadãos a participarem na produção de suas condições de existência e alterarem seus projetos de vida, de modo que possam preservar o meio ambiente para futuras gerações.

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Dutle, Aaron, César Muñoz, Esther Conrad, Alwyn Goodloe, Laura Titolo, Ivan Perez, Swee Balachandran, Dimitra Giannakopoulou, Anastasia Mavridou y Thomas Pressburger. "From Requirements to Autonomous Flight: An Overview of the Monitoring ICAROUS Project". Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 329 (3 de diciembre de 2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.329.3.

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Furman, Bonnie J. "Methodology to establish a composite collection: case study in lentil". Plant Genetic Resources 4, n.º 1 (abril de 2006): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr200599.

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The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) is participating in a large-scale programme, Subprogram 1 of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Generation Challenge Program, that aims to explore the genetic diversity of the global germplasm collections held by the CGIAR research centres. This project will identify a ‘composite collection’ of germplasm for individual crops, representing the range of diversity of each crop species and its wild relatives, and characterize each composite set using anonymous molecular markers, mainly simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The overall goal of this project is to study diversity across given genera and identify genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses that can be used in crop improvement programmes. ICARDA was responsible for creating the composite collection for lentil. ICARDA has the global mandate for lentil and houses the largest global collection of this crop with 10,509 accessions. From this collection, a global composite collection of 1000 lentil accessions was established with the aim to represent genetic diversity and the agro-climatological range of lentil. Accessions for the composite collection were compiled from landraces, wild relatives, and elite germplasm and cultivars. The methodology presented here combined classical hierarchical cluster analyses using agronomic traits and two-step cluster analyses using agro-climatological data linked to the geographical coordinates of the accessions' collection sites. Genotyping for 30 SSR loci will be carried out for all 1000 accessions. Plants grown for DNA analysis will be harvested and progeny will be evaluated under field conditions at ICARDA.

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BADERTSCHER, A. "The ICARUS project: a 3000t LAr TPC for neutrino physics and a search for nucleon decays". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 535, n.º 1-2 (11 de diciembre de 2004): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(04)01587-6.

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22

Cheval, Boris, Stéphane Cullati, Jesper Pihl-Thingvad, Denis Mongin, Martina Von Arx, Pierre Chopard y Delphine S. Courvoisier. "Impact of CAre-related Regret Upon Sleep (ICARUS) cohort study: protocol of a 3-year multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of novice healthcare professionals". BMJ Open 8, n.º 3 (marzo de 2018): e022172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022172.

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IntroductionHealthcare professionals are particularly at risk of developing numerous physical and psychological health problems. The experiences of emotional burden associated with providing healthcare, notably care-related regret, have been associated with these health problems, but only using cross-sectional data so far. Evidence of a causal impact of regret has not been assessed. The Impact of CAre-related Regret Upon Sleep (ICARUS) study is the first prospective and international cohort study established to examine how newly practising healthcare professionals adapt to their challenging job by assessing the impact of care-related regret on sleep and job quitting.Method and analysisThe ICARUS cohort study will include newly practising healthcare professionals working in acute care hospitals and clinics recruited between May 2017 and November 2019. Data collection, which will begin as soon as the participant starts working with patients, will consist of a 1-year weekly assessment using a secure web survey. Follow-up data will be collected at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the end of the first year. We will collect detailed information on the experience of care-related regret (ie, highest regret intensity, accumulation of regrets and coping strategies related to regrets), sleep problems and job quitting. Moreover, quality of life, health status and burnout will be assessed during the follow-up. Several confounders factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, personality, night shifts and work environment characteristics, will be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Geneva Canton, Switzerland (CCER2016-02041), the Ethics Committee of London South Bank University (HSCSEP/17/06) and the University Research Ethics Committee of Bedfordshire (UREC106). Other study centres deemed local ethical approval unnecessary since the main ethics committee (Geneva) had already accepted the project. Results will be published in relevant scientific journals and be disseminated in international conferences. Fully anonymised data and questionnaires will be freely accessible to everyone (scientists and general public).

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Paula, Eugênia Vale de, Emanuel Dheison Dos Santos Penha, José Carlos Lázaro da Silva Filho y Lígia Carla De Lima Souza. "A Inovação Social e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável na Algicultura: O Caso do Projeto Mulheres de Corpo e Alga". Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 8, n.º 2 (3 de agosto de 2015): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2015v8n2p139-160.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a inovação social e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso junto ao projeto Mulheres de Corpo e Alga, que trabalha com o cultivo, colheita, beneficiamento e venda de produtos a base de substâncias extraídas das algas (algicultura), em Barrinha de Icapuí, uma comunidade do litoral leste do Ceará, Nordeste brasileiro. A pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa e descritiva. Os dados coletados pelas entrevistas foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo e, posteriormente, classificados segundo os eixos de inovação social do CRISES (2004) e as dimensões clássicas da sustentabilidade. Verificou-se, através da matriz de relacionamento entre inovação social e desenvolvimento sustentável, que o projeto se caracteriza tanto como inovação social quanto um projeto de desenvolvimento sustentável, havendo consistência na relação entre os eixos e as dimensões, apesar da relação Território x Social não ser evidenciada pelas falas dos entrevistados.

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Paula, Eugênia Vale de, Emanuel Dheison Dos Santos Penha, José Carlos Lázaro da Silva Filho y Lígia Carla De Lima Souza. "A Inovação Social e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável na Algicultura: O Caso do Projeto Mulheres de Corpo e Alga". Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 8, n.º 2 (3 de agosto de 2015): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2015v8n2p379-400.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a inovação social e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso junto ao projeto Mulheres de Corpo e Alga, que trabalha com o cultivo, colheita, beneficiamento e venda de produtos a base de substâncias extraídas das algas (algicultura), em Barrinha de Icapuí, uma comunidade do litoral leste do Ceará, Nordeste brasileiro. A pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa e descritiva. Os dados coletados pelas entrevistas foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo e, posteriormente, classificados segundo os eixos de inovação social do CRISES (2004) e as dimensões clássicas da sustentabilidade. Verificou-se, através da matriz de relacionamento entre inovação social e desenvolvimento sustentável, que o projeto se caracteriza tanto como inovação social quanto um projeto de desenvolvimento sustentável, havendo consistência na relação entre os eixos e as dimensões, apesar da relação Território x Social não ser evidenciada pelas falas dos entrevistados.

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25

Crawford, Ian A. "Project Icarus: A review of local interstellar medium properties of relevance for space missions to the nearest stars". Acta Astronautica 68, n.º 7-8 (abril de 2011): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.10.016.

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Babay, Elyes, Khalil Khamassi, Wilma Sabetta, Monica Marilena Miazzi, Cinzia Montemurro, Domenico Pignone, Donatella Danzi, Mariella Matilde Finetti-Sialer y Giacomo Mangini. "Serendipitous In Situ Conservation of Faba Bean Landraces in Tunisia: A Case Study". Genes 11, n.º 2 (24 de febrero de 2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020236.

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Cultivation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Tunisia is largely based on improved varieties of the crop. However, a few farmers continue to produce local cultivars or landraces. The National Gene Bank of Tunisia (NGBT) recently launched a collection project for faba bean landraces, with special focus on the regions of the North West, traditionally devoted to cultivating grain legumes, and where around 80% of the total national faba bean cultivation area is located. The seed phenotypic features of the collected samples were studied, and the genetic diversity and population structure analyzed using simple sequence repeat markers. The genetic constitution of the present samples was compared to that of faba bean samples collected by teams of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in the 1970s in the same region, and stored at the ICARDA gene bank. The results of the diversity analysis demonstrate that the recently collected samples and those stored at ICARDA largely overlap, thus demonstrating that over the past 50 years, little genetic change has occurred to the local faba bean populations examined. These findings suggest that farmers serendipitously applied international best practices for in situ conservation of agricultural crops.

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Camilleri, Frank. "Hospitality and the Ethics of Improvisation in the Work of Ingemar Lindh". New Theatre Quarterly 24, n.º 3 (agosto de 2008): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x08000304.

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Ingemar Lindh's work on the principles of collective improvisation has crucial implications for the history of twentieth-century laboratory theatre. His early work with Étienne Decroux and Jerzy Grotowski contributed to the development of a unique practice that resists directorial montage, fixed scores, and choreography; and the ethical dimension that accompanies Lindh's research on collective improvisation is illuminating for a more holistic understanding of the technical and aesthetic considerations in theatre. In this article, Frank Camilleri discusses some of the key aspects of this dimension, notably the dynamics of hospitality and encounter that inform Lindh's approach and the question of responsibility in the actor's work. Frank Camilleri is Lecturer in Drama and Theatre Studies at the University of Kent. From 2004 to 2008 he was Academic Coordinator of Theatre Studies at the University of Malta. He is also Artistic Director of Icarus Performance Project – an ongoing research laboratory that investigates the intermediary space between training and performance processes. Camilleri's work with Lindh in the mid-1990s was instrumental for the development of this research practice.

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Cremona, Vicki Ann. "Bali and Beyond: Eugenio Barba's Ur-Hamlet". New Theatre Quarterly 27, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2011): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x11000662.

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In this article Vicki Ann Cremona traces the development of the complex process of montage used by Eugenio Barba for Ur-Hamlet, based on the oral tale Amleth, which Saxo Grammaticus included in his history of the Danes (circa 1216). Besides Odin Teatret, the project involved a large number of actors and musicians from Bali, Brazil, and Japan, and other participants and trainees with whom Barba had worked at the International School of Theatre Anthropology (ISTA). The author here recounts how the work was developed from different cultural perspectives, describing how the actors' physical scores were combined without their cultural specificity being modified in any way. Vicki Ann Cremona is an Associate Professor at the University of Malta, currently serving as Malta's Ambassador to Tunisia. Her co-edited texts include Costume in Malta: a History of Fabric, Form, and Fashion (1998) and Theatrical Events: Borders, Dynamics, Frames (2004). She updated, revised and edited Nicola Savarese's Eurasian Theatre: Drama and Performance between East and West from Classical Antiquity to the Present, translated from the Italian by Richard Fowler (Holstebro, Malta, Wrocław: Icarus Publishing, 2010).

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Cacciamani, Giovanni, Tamir Sholklapper, Rene Sotelo, Mihir Desai y Inderbir Gill. "A Protocol for the Development of the Intraoperative Complications Assessment and Reporting With Universal Standards Criteria: The ICARUS Project". International Journal of Surgery: Protocols 25, n.º 1 (2021): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29337/ijsp.155.

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Lima, Rosirene Martins y Joaquim Shiraishi Neto. "Socio-environmental conflicts : environmental law as an instrument for legitimizing the actions of public authorities an intervention in Jardim Icaraí, Curitiba, PR". Ambiente & Sociedade 18, n.º 2 (junio de 2015): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asocex08v1822015en.

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The objective of this project is to focus on the environmental conflict involving the government and the residents of Jardim Icaraí in Curitiba, Brazil. This exercise examines environmental law as an instrument for producing and disseminating the "official version" of the environment and the city's intervention plan. Environmental Law not only provides legitimacy to this plan, but is also intimately associated to the urban policies in Curitiba.

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Atkinson, Will. "Reproduction Revisited: Comprehending Complex Educational Trajectories". Sociological Review 60, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2012): 735–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2012.02131.x.

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Pierre Bourdieu's famous theory of educational reproduction is often depicted by critics in simplistic terms: individuals either have plenty of cultural capital, and thus symbolic mastery and school success, or they do not and develop practical mastery and vocational interests instead. Social mobility, deviant trajectories and resistance, on the other hand, are seemingly impossible. The nature of Bourdieu's writing fuelled this perception, but implicit in his early work, and elaborated in his later writings, is the idea that class and capital possession are fully relational, gradational and refracted by family dynamics, thereby suggesting the existence of all manner of possible shades of difference between the two poles of reproduction. This paper, whilst acknowledging that reproduction is still the major feature of the education system in the UK, thus revisits Bourdieu's thesis and sketches some of the manifestations of this intermediate zone of educational performance, namely social space travel, the Icarus effect, recovered trajectories and pathways born of dispersed family fields. In so doing it draws on a qualitative research project examining the life histories of adults from a variety of class positions in Bristol.

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Ishii, Kazuo, Yuya Nishida, Shinsuke Yasukawa, Kanako Shirahashi, Yasunori Takemura y Takayuki Matsuo. "A Greenhouse Project toward Smart Agriculture". Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 26 (21 de enero de 2021): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5954/icarob.2021.os22-5.

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Wu, Ding Wei, Qiang Wu, Xi Cheng Fu, Zhi Zhong Ye y Jia Lun Lin. "A New Hybrid Storage System Base on Openstack". Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (mayo de 2014): 5371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.5371.

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In recent years, hybrid storage has gradually become a hotspot in the research of data storage owing to its high-performance and low cost. An OpenStack-based hybrid storage system is presented in this paper. According to the characteristics, the data is divided into small data, big data and temporary data in this hybrid storage system; meanwhile a storage strategy, combining database storage system, the virtual file system and servers file system, is designed. In the application of iCampus project, this proposed hybrid storage system shows better performance and higher efficiency than the traditional single storage systems.

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Mazid, Ahmed, Kamil Shideed y Ahmed Amri. "Assessment of on-farm conservation of dryland agrobiodiversity and its impact on rural livelihoods in the Fertile Crescent". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 29, n.º 4 (10 de julio de 2013): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000240.

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AbstractThe Fertile Crescent encompasses a mega-center of diversity of crops and livestock of global importance. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) coordinated a 5-year regional project funded by the Global Environment Facility to promotein situconservation of dryland agrobiodiversity in Jordan, Lebanon, the Palestinian Authority and Syria. The project focused on conserving landraces and wild relatives ofAllium, Vicia, Trifolium, MedicagoandLathyrusspp. and barley, wheat, lentil and dryland fruit trees (olive, prune, pear, pistachio, almond, cherry and apricot). ICARDA and national programs assessed the status and importance of local agrobiodiversity by surveying 570 farm households in the project target areas including the characterization of their livelihood strategies, agrobiodiversity use and household income sources. A wealth index was created considering human, natural, financial, physical and social assets and was used to classify households into four wealth quartiles. The results indicated that agriculture and agrobiodiversity continue to be important for supporting the livelihoods of poor communities in dry and mountainous regions. The poorest households obtained their income from diverse sources including crop production, off-farm labor and government employment. However, households in the highest wealth grouping are mainly dependent on income from selling livestock products and live animals. They also practiced crop production, worked off-farm and took advantage of government employment. Off-farm income was important for livelihoods in all areas, representing 43–68% of household incomes. For all groups, fruit trees were generally more important than field crops for income generation, mainly in mountainous areas. The finding of this study showed that all farmers’ groups contribute greatly to on-farm conservation of landraces, with a bigger role for poor farmers in conserving the landraces of fruit trees. Diversification of income and farming systems to include livestock, field crops and fruit trees along with off-farm activities are contributing to the conservation of agrobiodiversity in these marginal environments. Several opportunities for income increase and diversification through add-value activities and alternative sources of income are demonstrated to the custodians of dryland agrobiodiversity. Their benefits can contribute to the sustainability of agrobiodiversity conservation, provided that marketing of local products can be enhanced.

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Doroftei, Daniela, Anibal Matos y Geert de Cubber. "Designing Search and Rescue Robots towards Realistic User Requirements". Applied Mechanics and Materials 658 (octubre de 2014): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.658.612.

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In the event of a large crisis (think about typhoon Haiyan or the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan), a primordial task of the rescue services is the search for human survivors on the incident site. This is a complex and dangerous task, which often leads to loss of lives among the human crisis managers themselves. The introduction of unmanned search and rescue devices can offer a valuable tool to save human lives and to speed up the search and rescue process. In this context, the EU-FP7-ICARUS project [1] concentrates on the development of unmanned search and rescue technologies for detecting, locating and rescuing humans.A main factor which explains why there is so little robotic technology applied on the terrain in real-life search and rescue operations, is that the complex nature and difficult operating conditions of search and rescue operations pose heavy constraints on the mechanical design of the unmanned platforms. In this paper, we discuss the different user requirements which have an impact of the design of the mechanical systems (air, ground and marine robots). We show how these user requirements are obtained, how they are validated, how they lead to design specifications for operational prototypes which are tested in realistic operational conditions and we show how the final mechanical design specifications are derived from these different steps. An important aspect of all these design steps which is emphasized in this paper is to always keep the end-users (in this case the search and rescue workers) in the loop in order to come to realistic requirements and mechanical design specifications, ensuring the practical deployability [2] of the developed platforms.

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Kazeminejad, B., H. Lammer, A. Coustenis, O. Witasse, G. Fischer, K. Schwingenschuh, A. J. Ball y H. O. Rucker. "Temperature variations in Titan's upper atmosphere: Impact on Cassini/Huygens". Annales Geophysicae 23, n.º 4 (3 de junio de 2005): 1183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-1183-2005.

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Abstract. Temperature variations of Titan's upper atmosphere due to the plasma interaction of the satellite with Saturn's magnetosphere and Titan's high altitude monomer haze particles can imply an offset of up to ±30K from currently estimated model profiles. We incorporated these temperature uncertainties as an offset into the recently published Vervack et al. (2004) (Icarus, Vol. 170, 91-112) engineering model and derive extreme case (i.e. minimum and maximum profiles) temperature, pressure, and density profiles. We simulated the Huygens probe hypersonic entry trajectory and obtain, as expected, deviations of the probe trajectory for the extreme atmosphere models compared to the simulation based on the nominal one. These deviations are very similar to the ones obtained with the standard Yelle et al. (1997) (ESA SP-1177) profiles. We could confirm that the difference in aerodynamic drag is of an order of magnitude that can be measured by the probe science accelerometer. They represent an important means for the reconstruction of Titan's upper atmospheric properties. Furthermore, we simulated a Cassini low Titan flyby trajectory. No major trajectory deviations were found. The atmospheric torques due to aerodynamic drag, however, are twice as high for our high temperature profile as the ones obtained with the Yelle maximum profile and more than 5 times higher than the worst case estimations from the Cassini project. We propose to use the Cassini atmospheric torque measurements during its low flybys to derive the atmospheric drag and to reconstruct Titan's upper atmosphere density, pressure, and temperature. The results could then be compared to the reconstructed profiles obtained from Huygens probe measurements. This would help to validate the probe measurements and decrease the error bars.

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Taylor, A. "The Harvard Radio Meteor Project Meteor Velocity Distribution Reappraised". Icarus 116, n.º 1 (julio de 1995): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1995.1117.

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Anghel, Mădălina-Gabriela, Constantin Anghelache, Cristian Marian Barbu y Gabriel Ștefan Dumbravă. "Statistical model of investment evolution in European Union in the context of blockchain system". Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 1, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2019-0004.

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Abstract The economic growth of the national economy, within international bodies, as well as in the European Union, is a priority under the present conditions. Capital placement in geographic areas is based on effective opportunity studies. Such an analysis involves access to databases that satisfy the criteria for selecting the place of investment. At the same time, the media interested in attracting national or international investments can take such a decision on the basis of the data that will lead it to the optimal decision. Usually study of the market and the investment fields is insufficient and as such the effectiveness of the project is reduced. Under the very big data base, investors will have the chance to have information that needs to be used in a short time, and such opportunities need to be endowed with ultra-modern information systems. The issue of national and international investment is of utmost interest for any Member State of the European Union. In this respect, major projects will be developed involving as many member countries as possible, provided that everyone has the supremacy (to provide benefits) in a particular project sub-domain. Only specialization can provide the path to a viable and yet prolific economic and scientific cooperation. Through its directives, the European Union pursues both the individual development of each country and, above all, the complex development of the whole of the Union. In the big data era, investments, attracting them or entering into intra-Community economic cooperation provide a much faster course.

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Funk, MA, A. De Sousa Linhares, C. Battin, K. Radakovics, J. Leitner y P. Steinberger. "P01.23 Creating a cell-culture based reporter system for the evaluation of molecular signaling mechanisms of inhibitory chimeric antigen receptors". Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 2 (octubre de 2020): A19.1—A19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-itoc7.35.

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BackgroundAdoptive transfer of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a novel treatment option for patients with B-cell lineage derived cancers. Other cancer entities are less successfully targeted due to the lack of antigens that are expressed on cancer cells but not healthy tissue cells. One way to address this issue is the concept of inhibitory chimeric antigen receptors (iCARs) that deliver an inhibitory signal upon antigen encounter on off-target cells. The activating effect of CARs depends on a multitude of factors including expression levels, affinity, different signaling domains and steric effects. It has to be expected that co-expression of an iCAR would result in even more complexity. Consequently, there is a demand for a robust high-throughput cellular system to evaluate iCAR-formats.Materials and MethodsOur approach is based on a previously published Jurkat based triple parameter reporter cell (TPR) system. This setup allows for molecular monitoring of the T cell activation state by measuring fluorescent reporter gene expression via flow cytometry. Inhibitory effects of receptors are determined as the ratio of cellular geometric mean fluorescent intensity (gMFI) in the presence of the inhibitory ligand versus without inhibitory ligand.ResultsTo test if inhibitory receptors would measurably reduce reporter activation, PD-1 as a well-characterized inhibitory receptor was expressed on Jurkat TPRs. When PD-L1 was present during stimulation reporter activation was reduced by 26–34% proving feasibility of our approach. Intracellular domains of other inhibitory receptors including BTLA, ILT-2 and KIR2DL1 were evaluated. All three domains outperformed PD-1 in a series of experiments with a mean reduction of gMFI by 48–57%, 50–53% and 38–41% respectively. To assess if the reporter platform could be used to study downstream signaling pathways of inhibitory constructs we created a SHP-2 knock-out reporter cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique. To simulate different degrees of activating signal strength, peptide-MHC complex recognizing activating receptors were created. The reporter activation correlated with the concentrations of peptide in the stimulation cultures. Co-expression of iCAR and CAR could be achieved using selection for two separate antibiotic resistance genes introduced into the respective vector. Preliminary experiments showed greatly reduced inhibitory efficacy of iCAR molecules due to an adhesion effect resulting from the high affinity extracellular domain of the iCARs that lead to tighter cell-cell contact and stronger stimulation through the CAR.ConclusionsWe present a highly flexible and controllable Jurkat-based reporter cell platform for the thorough study of inhibitory signaling mechanisms. This project was supported by the Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Project P32411Disclosure InformationM.A. Funk: None. A. De Sousa Linhares: None. C. Battin: None. K. Radakovics: None. J. Leitner: None. P. Steinberger: None.

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Miao, Ching-Mei, Yan-Chyuan Shiau, Chen-Chung Liu y Jen-Kuo Chang. "The Establishment of the Sustainability Performance Indicators for Wetland Ecological Project: Using Construction Inspection Phase as Example". Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 21 (29 de enero de 2016): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5954/icarob.2016.os3-5.

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Fortuna, Denizart Silva y Juliana Nascimento. "FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE GEOGRAFIA E O PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO À DOCÊNCIA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE AS EXPERIÊNCIAS COM AS TÉCNICAS DE ENSINO NO ENSINO MÉDIO". Revista Interinstitucional Artes de Educar 2, n.º 3 (31 de enero de 2017): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/riae.2016.25700.

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O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir do Subprojeto de Geografia (Niterói) da Universidade Federal Fluminense, vinculado ao Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Adotamos como temática central os desafios que atravessam as práticas curriculares no ensino de geografia e a formação inicial docente. Buscamos trazer reflexões e alguns dos resultados de trabalho em torno das técnicas de ensino, sua importância nas práticas docentes cotidianas, e, sobretudo, as que vêm sendo desenvolvidas no âmbito desse Projeto. Articulamos essas reflexões à relação ensino-aprendizagem e à relação teoria e prática na formação inicial docente. Esse foi o ponto central de nosso trabalho na unidade escolar Colégio Estadual Manuel de Abreu, situado no bairro Icaraí, no município de Niterói (RJ), no decorrer dos anos letivos de 2014 e de 2015. A nossa investigação acerca das técnicas de ensino desenvolvidas nas aulas de geografia do 2º e 3º ano e do Ensino Médio desdobra-se nas seguintes indagações: quais os resultados trazidos para a formação inicial docente e quais as representações que os bolsistas licenciandos envolvidos apreendem sobre tais técnicas e o seu “fazer docente”? Este estudo está baseado em alguns pressupostos, dentre eles as considerações acerca da (1) organização de um curso de geografia escolar; (2) a relação entre teoria e prática na formação inicial docente; e, (3) o papel da abordagem filosófica no desenvolvimento dos objetos/conceitos que dêem sentidos à transformação social essencialmente “positiva”.

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42

Fernandes da Costa, Marcelle, Daniela Berkes Antunes y Amaro Francisco Codá dos Santos. "RECUPERAÇÃO DE ESTRUTURAS DE CONCRETO COM CORROSÃO". Projectus 5, n.º 1 (24 de agosto de 2021): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15202/25254146.2020v5n1p22.

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As estruturas de concreto armado são muito utilizadas na execução da maioria das edificações no país. Essas estruturas, no entanto, desenvolvem com o passar do tempo, patologias que podem ser decorrentes de falhas de projetos e/ou construtivas, da agressividade do meio, ou até mesmo ao longo de sua utilização. O processo de corrosão destaca-se como uma das patologias mais agressivas que causam danos nocivos a estrutura ao comprometerem suas armaduras, causando perda de seção e, consequentemente, perda de resistência. Para isso, torna-se de grande importância a necessidade de haver manutenções ao longo do tempo, garantindo sua vida útil e, consequentemente sua segurança. O presente estudo aborda uma edificação situada na região da praia de Icaraí na cidade de Niterói/RJ, que apresentava a maioria de suas estruturas de concreto armado deterioradas pelo avanço da corrosão. Foi dado enfoque nos principais motivos que levaram ao avanço dessa patologia, tais como as falhas construtivas identificadas, dentre elas: o mau adensamento do concreto, granulometria acima do recomendado, cobrimento inferior ao exigido; além do meio ambiente agressivo. Sendo assim, detalhou-se o processo adequado de recuperação estrutural realizado no local, a fim de inibir o avanço da corrosão, além de descrever a forma correta de execução de recuperação de estruturas, ressaltando a importância da manutenção para a vida útil e de fazê-la com segurança.

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Kozlov, Alexey E. "From Lazarus to the Petrashevtsy: Imagining Siberia in the Allegorical Novel Citizens of the Forest by Nikolai Akhsharumov". Imagologiya i komparativistika, n.º 15 (2021): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/15/13.

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The article examines the phenomenon of spatial imagination in the plot and composition of the allegorical story by the critic and writer, member of the Petrashevsky Circle Nikolai Dmitrievich Akhsharumov. Turning to the most generalized Siberian topos and ignoring the numerous ethnographic information accumulated both in periodicals and in special studies, the writer constructs a dystopian plot, drawing on the novels by N.G. Chernyshevsky and F.M. Dostoevsky. Special attention should be paid to the polemic of Akhsharumov with the novel Crime and Punishment, which began in a critical article and continued beyond its borders, in a literary text. Akhsharumov begins his work from the point and coordinates where Crime and Punishment actually ends. When in a Siberian settlement, a gold digger and hunter, a former convict Lazar implements an educational project: he gives animals a language (according to the method of Robertson and Wundt) and law, teaches them the social principles of community and creates a kind of phalanstery. The social experiment gets out of control and ends in failure: “citizens of the forest” begin to worship the personified symbol of animal primal fear – the Great Fly totem. An uprising flares up to defeat a forcibly cultivated democracy, which yields to authoritarianism and totemism. By choosing the totem of the Great Fly, the forest dwellers finally lose their civic consciousness, appearing in their natural form and at the same time showing that there is no place for people, whoever they are, in their world (neither for life, nor, especially, for resurrection ). Like most dystopias, Citizens of the Forest demonstrates several phases of a social project: the formation of a civil society, its heyday and fall. Akhsharumov shows how the harmony of the animal world flings itself on mercy of one person and the word given to him; how the mass instinct (instincts of survival, reproduction, etc.) prevails over the needs of each individual (cattle or creature, as follows from the text). Citizens of the Forest creates an alternative value architectonics, due to which the life path of the protagonist, largely corresponding to the Old Testament, personifies the non-possibility of the resurrection miracle. The article attempts to describe not only intertextual links to political literature, utopias of Fourier, Cabet and Owen, dystopias in the spirit of Hobbes’ Leviathan, but also biographical lines associated with portraits of the writer’s brother, Fourierist Dmitry Akhsharumov, and M.V. Butashevich- Petrashevsky. Akhsharumov created space from scratch. Turning to the most primitive model of the Siberian text, and starting from strong texts (most likely, Voinarovsky and Crime and Punishment), Akhsharumov intuitively determined its two limits: a short novel, which begins as a story of the New World, ends with a descent into the kingdom of the dead. Siberia, which became a part of an ideological project and showed opportunities for a utopian perception, turned out to be reversible and easily transposed into a dystopia. Thus, despite the low aesthetic quality and numerous formal flaws, Citizens of the Forest remains one of the most significant evidences of spatial imagination, allowing to see in the choice of topos both ideological (from Icaria to Phalanstery) and conditionally biographical equestrianism (from family legends to political jokes). Siberia, as a space of imagination becomes the topos of an experiment continued by the writer in his fantastic story “Wanzamia”, directly replicating Cabet’s “Icaria”.

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Mohammadi, R. "Genetic gain in grain yield and drought tolerance of durum wheat breeding lines under rainfed conditions in Iran". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 60, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2012): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.60.2012.4.12.

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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic gain for grain yield, yield attributes and drought tolerance of 11 durum breeding lines and also to compare it with one modern cultivar and two durum and bread wheat landraces in contrasting environment groups in a period of four cropping seasons (2005–09) within the Iran/ICARDA joint project for moderately cold rainfed areas of Iran. The significant genotype × year interaction indicated that the average yield performance of genotypes across environments was not consistent over the years. Genetic gain (%) for grain yield was distinguishable between the stressed and non-stressed environments. A positive genetic gain (27.7 to 23.9%) was observed in the non-stressed environment and a negative genetic gain (−11.5 to −24.1%) in the stressed environment for the breeding lines, compared to the landraces, suggesting that the evaluation of breeding materials under non-stressed conditions should be continued. Unlike the modern cultivar, the landraces were low yielding, and less responsive to non-stressed environments for grain yield and yield attributes. The drought resistance indices, i.e. tolerance index (TOL) and stress susceptibility index (SSI), were better in landraces than breeding lines, while the drought tolerance indices, i.e. stress tolerance index (STI) and drought response index (DRI), were better in breeding lines. In contrast with landraces, the modern cultivar and the breeding lines showed significant changes for both grain yield and drought tolerance.

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Apostu, Simona-Andreea, Mihaela Mihai, Valentina Vasile, Manuela-Violeta Tureatca y Valentin Sava. "Economic freedom in Europe". Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 1, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2019): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2019-0007.

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Abstract The fiscal analysis is an important research topic, aiming at identifying/creating fair fiscal systems, which can respond to requests coming from both the state (which needs revenue to finance various public projects) and from taxpayers. The economic agents, but also the taxpayers will always want a reduction of the taxes, and the public decider aims to increase the revenues attracted to the budget through (higher) taxes. An optimal tax system could be characterized by taxes that produce minimal effects of distorting the behavior of taxpayers, as well as a positive impact on the development of society.

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Richter, K. M., J. R. Margetts, A. J. Saul, I. Guymer y P. Worrall. "Baseline hydraulic performance of the Heathrow constructed wetlands subsurface flow system". Water Science and Technology 47, n.º 7-8 (1 de abril de 2003): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0687.

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A constructed wetland treatment system has been commissioned by BAA (formerly the British Airports Authority) in order to attenuate airfield runoff contaminated with de-icant and other potentially polluting materials from Heathrow Airport. Airfield runoff containing de-icants has the potential to impose significant oxygen demands on water bodies. The site consists of a number of integrated treatment systems, including a 1ha rafted reed bed canal system and a 2 ha sub-surface flow gravel reed bed. This research project is concerned with the performance of the subsurface flow reed beds, though attention will be paid in this paper to the operation of the whole system. Prior to the planting of the subsurface flow reed beds, flow-tracing experiments were carried out on the three different types of subsurface flow beds, so that the baseline performance of the system could be quantified. In association, data regarding the soil organic matter content was also collected prior to the planting of the beds. As expected, soil organic matter content is observed to be negligible within the bed, though a small amount of build up was observed in localised areas on the surface of the beds. This was attributed to the growth of algae in depressions where standing water persisted during the construction phase. Few studies exist which provide detailed measurements into the cause and effect of variations in hydraulic conductivity within an operational reed bed system. The data presented here form the baseline results for an ongoing study into the investigation of the change in hydraulic conductivity of an operational reed bed system.

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Popa, Alina. "Supporting secondary research in early drug discovery process through a Natural Language Processing based system". Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 2, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2021-0023.

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Abstract Last decades were characterised by a constant decline in the productivity of research and development activities of pharmaceutical companies. This is due to the fact that the drug discovery process contains an intrinsic risk that should be managed efficiently. Within this process, the early phase projects could be streamlined by doing more secondary research. These activities would involve the integration of chemical and biological knowledge from scientific literature in order to extract an overview and the evolution of a certain research area. This would then help refine the research and development operations. Considering the vast amount of pharmaceutical studies publications, it is not easy to identify the important information. For this task, a series of projects leveraged the advantages of the open pharmacological space through state-of-the-art technologies. The most popular are Knowledge Graphs methods. Although extremely useful, this technology requires increased investments of time and human resources. An alternative would be to develop a system that uses Natural Language Processing blocks. Still, there is no defined framework and reusable code template for the use-case of compounds development. In this study, it is presented the design and development of a system that uses Dynamic Topic Modelling and Named Entity Recognition modules in order to extract meaningful information from a large volume of unstructured texts. Moreover, the dynamic character of the topic modelling technique allows to analyse the evolution of different subject areas over time. In order to validate the system, a collection of articles from the Pharmaceutical Research Journal was used. Our results show that the system is able to identify the main research areas in the last 20 years, namely crystalline and amorphous systems, insulin resistance, paracellular permeability. Additionally, the evolution of the subjects is a highly valuable resource and should be used to get an in-depth understanding about the shifts that happened in a specific domain. However, a limitation of this system is that it cannot detect association between two concepts or entities if they are not involved in the same document.

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Mihăescu, Constanța, Adrian Oţoiu, Alina Profiroiu y Ileana Niculescu-Aron. "Investigating students’ use of official statistical data". Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 1, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2019): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2019-0029.

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Abstract This paper presents the perceptions of social science students about the use of official statistical data, in the context of active learning of Statistics, and other topics related to Applied Statistics. In order to make these courses more attractive, and to challenge and stimulate statistical education, our students work on projects in which they use official statistical data to explore practical, real-life issues. Their attitudes and perceptions regarding official statistical data sources are very important, both for acquisition of statistical analysis skills, essential for their future professional life, and for improvement of the official data sources. Therefore, we conducted a custom-made survey among students from Romanian higher education institutions (HEIs) and gathered a database with 334 responses, which allowed us to identify the main characteristics, problems and solutions concerning the use of statistical official data sources by university students.

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ABOUL ENIEN, R., A. ABDEL SHAFI, M. ABDEL MONEM, A. KAMEL, M. B. SOLH, M. BEDIER y H. KHALIFA. "A NEW RESEARCH PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH IN EGYPT". Experimental Agriculture 36, n.º 2 (abril de 2000): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700002088.

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Sustainability of intensive irrigated agriculture in Egypt has become a critical issue, as land and water resources are limited on the one hand and population is increasing rapidly on the other. Salinization, heavy input use, nutrient export and pollution all threaten the health of soils that have been feeding Egypt for centuries. At the same time, the build-up of newly reclaimed desert soils to economically sustainable productive capacity is a major challenge. In a collaborative effort between the Agricultural Research Center (ARC) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation in Egypt and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), a long-term resource management programme, funded by the European Union, has been developed to address the issue of resource management in a multidisciplinary way. Long-term agronomic trials (with such variables as water quantity, water quality, nutrient inputs and crop rotations) have been set up at sites representing the old lands, the newly reclaimed areas and the rainfed areas. These trials are complemented by extensive long-term monitoring in villages close to the experimental sites. This covers farmers' perspectives, farming practices and the condition of farmers' soils and crops and is aimed at identifying over time the sustainable and non-sustainable production practices and the social and economic factors that underline them. The project activities began with a Preparatory Phase which comprised inventory studies, rapid rural appraisal and multi-disciplinary surveys. This knowledge was used in the planning of the two closely related activities of long-term trials (LTT) and long-term monitoring (LTM). As the programme was implemented, the complementarity of the LTT and LTM approaches became the most important feature of this programme.

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Dhehibi, Boubaker, Mohamed Ben Salah, Aymen Frija, Aden Aw-Hassan, Hamdane El Ouhibi y Youssef M. Al Raisi. "Economic and Technical Evaluation of Different Irrigation Systems for Date Palm Farming System in the GCC Countries: Case of Oman". Environment and Natural Resources Research 8, n.º 3 (16 de julio de 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v8n3p55.

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In the frame of the ICARDA project “Development of sustainable date palm production systems in the GCC countries of the Arabian Peninsula”, researchers succeeded to introduce one promising technology (subsurface drip irrigation - SDI) in the date palm farming system in the Gulf region, defined as the poorest in the word in terms of water resources. In the light of these challenges, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the irrigation water volumes on the date palm productivity and water use efficiency under several conventional and improved irrigations systems.Three intervention levels on SDI have been used: at the rate of 60% 40% and 20% of water requirement. Results of this experimental study showed that SDI under the three intervention/options uses water more efficient in comparison to BI. Indeed, a considerable quantity of water for about 3545.554, 5726.45, and 7565.473 m3/ha could be saved by using SDI at the rate of 20%, 40 and 60% of water requirements, respectively. Thus, the WUE indicator is for about 2.0, 2.7, and 4.7 kg/m3, respectively. These figures are much higher when are compared to BI system where WUE is around 1.3 kgm-3.The economic evaluation suggests that under BI system, the total return, total variable costs, water costs and net profit were 20211.36, 5857.81, 1224.29, and 13129.25 $ ha-1, respectively. From another hand, by using SDI at the rate of 60% of water requirements, we note a slight difference in net profit when using this irrigation system, which is about US$12825.02/ha. Economic findings suggest that using SDI method versus BI method have additional cost but is economical at the long term as the SDI found to sustain the date palm farming system in this region where arid conditions acts as natural constraints for expansive agriculture.

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