Tesis sobre el tema "Psychomotricité – Chez le nouveau-né"
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Kitromilides-Salerio, Elenitsa. "La perception visuelle des mouvements humains chez le nouveau-né, l'enfant et l'adulte". Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE29024.
Texto completoThis doctoral work aims at analyzing the role of motor-perceptual interactions in the visual perception of human movements. Most of studies showed that recognition of human movements was influenced by motor competences, whereas others on the contrary showed dissociation between motor abilities and perception. The aim of our research was to specify the implication of the motor competences in the visual perception of this type of movement. The experiment consisted in analyzing the perceptual preferences for locomotion movements and for morphocinetic movements (elliptical, circular) and the visual perception of the illusion of uniform velocity, which is observed in elliptical movements, in populations presenting quasi-null or variable motor competences (newborn babies, young children aged from 5 to 10 years). These experiments included movements respecting or not the motor constraints imposed by our skeleton (locomotion) and movements whose kinematics conform or not to the motor rules (two-third power law). The principal results indicate that newborns are able to discriminate human movements and are sensitive to the kinematics rules of motor production. Moreover, in the task of perceptual judgment a shift appear between motor competences and perceptual competences in children. Indeed, the phenomenon of the illusion of uniform velocity is more important in the young children and tends to decrease with the age. These findings suggest that the perceptual preferences and judgments do not fully depend on motor competences of the subjects. Taken together, these findings propose that visual perception of the human movements would not systematically imply an intervention of the motor system as stipulate motor theories of perception
Chauty-Frondas, Anne. "Effet du sexe de l'enfant sur la croissance néonatale, la composition corporelle et le développement psychomoteur à long terme chez le nouveau-né prématuré". Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=1db43aa3-0b55-4205-ace3-227a441e5f66.
Texto completoOver the last decade, Neonatology units have been confronted with a steep rise in the incidence of preterm birth. Ideally, an optimal nutritional management of preterm infants should ensure a growth pattern identical to that observed in utero during the last trimester of gestation. Extra-uterine growth restriction, however, still commonly occurs, and impacts long term neurological outcome. Although weight bas long been used as the sole parameter to assess growth, the determination of body composition may help in improving nutritional strategies. We used neonatal piglet as a suitable live animal model to validate air displacement plethysmography (ADP) as a reliable method to assess body composition in preterm infants. We showed that ADP allows for a large-scale, reliable, and precise assessment of variations in body composition. Using that method, we showed that at the time of hospital discharge, the body composition of preterm infants differs from that of term infants, with an excess of fat mass due to insufficient accretion of lean body mass in preterm infants. Such effect was predominantly observed in boys, who have long been known to be more sensitive to neonatal events. Finally, we observed that, in male premature infants, extra-uterine growth restriction was associated with a higher risk of suboptimal neurodevelopment at 2 years of age. Taken together, our findings suggest that intensified protocols of nutritional management should improve the long term outcome of premature infants, particularly in boys
Beaulieu, Annik. "Le schéma d’extension : un obstacle à l'émergence du champ pulsionnel, chez le bébé à risque d'autisme". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7022.
Texto completoAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose first signs are detected as early as 4 months. The alteration of his General Movements and the persistence of his archaic reflexes disorganize the body of the infant. The extensional scheme, a consequence of pain and perinatal complications, serves as a way of relieving excitations and bypasses the establishment of the instinctual circuit, thus cutting off the infant from its organizing epicenter, the Other. Precocious and transdisciplinary management, aimed at relieving the baby of his bodily pain and reviving a singular drive circuit towards the Other, is fundamental to the transformation of the elements leading the infant to commit to an autistic slope
Koura, Kobto Ghislain. "Conséquences de l'anémie maternelle sur le jeune enfant de la naissance à 18 mois de vie". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831600.
Texto completoThébault, Guillaume. "Développement post infarctus cérébral artériel néonatal : Motricité vs Action - Apport de la cohorte AVCnn". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES036.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes to study the development of children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke with respect to motor function and action. In the context of early brain damage, emphasis is usually placed on the influence of negative developmental factors, such as motor paralysis, emphasizing the study of dysfunctions. Here we propose that motor function be an actor in the functioning of the individual as proposed by the Piagetian approaches and the embodied cognition of development. This is why our problem is to measure the influence of action on the cognitive and cerebral development of children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. Our first study shows a co-occurrence between global intelligence, language, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and academic success. This result is completed by a second study establishing close relationships between manual dexterity and global intelligence. In particular, motor dexterity is a better predictor of cognitive development than motor impairment or lateralization of the lesion. A third study indicates that the laterality of children with arterial cerebral infarction does not coincide strictly with manual dexterity and that it develops atypically. Finally, our last study deals with the influence of body constraints and the early lesion on this mechanism. The application to typical and pathological development remains to be realized. Overall, this work emphasizes the role of motor skills described as a process of action in the development of children with early brain damage
Barbé, Françoise. "Etude pharmaco-toxicologique du Doxapram chez le nouveau-né". Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN11303.
Texto completoNourhashemi, Mina. "Analyse multimodale du couplage neurovasculaire chez le nouveau-né". Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0059/document.
Texto completoNeurovascular coupling (NVC) has become the key aspect for understanding brain function. A multimodal exploration would aim to identify the early NVC biomarkers and determine their predictive character. Paper (1): In this chapter, the photothermal interaction of NIR laser on human tissues were modelled in silico. The results demonstrated the safety of the noninvasive optical evaluation of the brain function and the maximum temperature increase was higher in the neonatal brain than in the adult brain. Paper (2 & 3): The main purpose of this thesis was to provide a multimodal view of the NVC and cerebrovascular regulation in the neonatal premature brain. Paper (2): Key findings included that rCBV and rCMRO2 have a predominant driving influence on rCBF at the resting-state in the preterm neonatal brain. Paper (3): The bursts of electroencephalographic activity in neonates in resting state were found to be coupled to a transient hemodynamic response involving different types of hemodynamic response including: (a) positive stereotyped hemodynamic responses (increases in HbO, decreases in HbR together with increases in CBF and CMRO2), (b) negative hemodynamic responses (increases in HbR, decreases in HbO together with decreases in CBF and CMRO2), (c) Increases and decreases in both HbO-HbR and CMRO2 together with no changes in CBF. The establishment of neurovascular coupling system was observed as a function of age. High coherence was observed between the cerebral hemodynamic (vascular) and electrical (neuronal) oscillations which was less in the non-encephalopathic newborns than in the two pathological groups
Schiller, Patrick. "Tabagisme chez la femme enceinte : incidence chez le nouveau-né à terme". Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11005.
Texto completoBonnet, Eric. "L'infarctus du myocarde chez le nouveau-né et le nourrisson". Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25060.
Texto completoBarrat, Emmanuel. "Fonction barrière intestinale du nouveau-né : développement post-natal et impact d'une supplémentation en galactooligosides et insuline chez le rat nouveau-né". Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2132.
Texto completoA mixture of galactooligosaccharides and inulin (GOS/In) is currently added to some infant formulas in order to mimic the effect of human milk oligosaccharides: stimulate the growth of lactic acid producing bacteria. This supplementation might impact the intestinal barrier function, an essential function that limits the entry of potentially harmful substances (permeability) or microorganisms (bacterial translocation) into the bloodstream. The aim of this project was to determine the impact of a supplementation of GOS/In on the intestinal barrier function of newborn rats. We used the ‘pup in the cup’ model that enabled us to control the composition of the diet of rats prior to weaning. We showed that GOS/In increased the bacterial translocation toward spleen. This was associated neither with alteration of composition of the colonic and ileal‐associated microbiota, nor to an altered colonic mucosa as shown by normal colonic permeability. However, the supplementation of GOS/In increased the concentration of acetate and lactate in the colonic lumen, which may have stimulated the activity of the immune system. None of these effects was observed after 3 weeks of weaning to GOS/In‐free diet
Trombert, Sabine. "Acquisition de "Clostridium difficile" chez le nouveau-né et cinétique d'implantation". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P087.
Texto completoLe, Port Agnès. "Survenue des premières infections palustres chez le nouveau-né au Bénin". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066468.
Texto completoGuerineau, Martine. "Infections à cytomégalovirus chez la femme enceinte et le nouveau-né". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P217.
Texto completoDevarieux, Thierry. "Infections à campylobacter chez la femme enceinte et le nouveau-né". Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M099.
Texto completoMoreau-Bussière, François. "Dynamique laryngée lors de la ventilation nasale chez l'agneau nouveau-né". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3946.
Texto completoPons, Lysianne. "Fasciite nécrosante du nouveau-né à streptocoque B". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23098.
Texto completoGonthier-Diennet, Mireille. "Le foetus et le nouveau-né de mère tabagique". Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11048.
Texto completoChardon, Karen. "Etude de la contribution des chémorécepteurs périphériques à la ventilation chez le nouveau-né prématuré : influence des stades de sommeil, des conditions thermiques et d'un traitement à la caféine". Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIED005.
Texto completoPeripheral chemoreceptors inform respiratory centres of changes in arterial oxygen levels. Furthermore, chemoreceptor dysfunction has been cited in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Thermoregulatory processes, sleep stages and caffeine treatment are also thought to be implicated. Interactions between these 3 functions were studied in premature neonates. Increased metabolic activity after caffeine treatment, during active sleep and/or during non thermoneutral exposure was associated with increased ventilatory signalling by peripheral chemoreceptors. The results confirm that suprapontic influences on respiratory control persist during active sleep in neonates and suggest that this sleep stage is dissimilar to paradoxical sleep in adult humans. The potential role of high peripheral chemoreceptor activity in SIDS is also discussed
Diallo, Mohamadou Malal. "Problème inverse de sources en Electro-Encéphalo-Graphie chez le nouveau-né". Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0022/document.
Texto completoWe investigate the localization of the normal and pathological sources of electric cerebral activity in neonates from measures in Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (EEG). The specificity for neonates is the presence of fontanels in the skull. Mathematically, the forward EEG problem consists in computing the electric potential on scalp for given electrical source located in the brain and different head tissues’ conductivities. The inverse EEG source problem is identifying the characteristics of sources of current from the knowledge of the measured potentials on scalp by EEG. We propose in this thesis a mathematical model for the forward EEG problem in neonates able to take into account the presence and ossification process of fontanels. We perform the theoretical and numerical questions for the forward and inverse problems and discuss the impact of fontanels. We perform a sensitivity analysis of the model with respect to variations of the conductivity
Nault, Stéphanie. "Étude des réflexes cardiorespiratoires d'origine oesophagienne chez l'agneau nouveau-né sans sédation". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8774.
Texto completoAbstract : Introduction : The relationship between vagal reflexes originating from the esophagus and cardiorespiratory events in neonates (apneas, bradycardias, O[subscript 2] desaturations) remains a controversial subject. Previous studies in an a esthetized adult animals have shown that stimulation of esophagal chemo- or mechanoreceptors may cause various reflexes (Jadcherla, 2012). In addition, the involvement of C-fiber endings in some of those reflexes has been suggested (Lang et al., 2001). Considering that many uncertainties remain about these reflexes, especially in the neonatal period, the goals of this study were to i) characterize the cardiorespiratory reflexes observed when a gastroesophageal reflux is mimicked; ii) determine the effect of the stimulation site on the amplitude of those reflexes; iii) determine whe ther C-fibers are involved. Methods: Eight newborn lambs were surgically instrumented; 48 hours later, two separate polysomnographic recordings were performed without sedation before and after permanent C-fiber blockade (Diaz et al., 2000). Five randomized stimulations were performed to mimic a gastroesophageal reflux at different levels of the esophagus. Results: Esophageal stimulations cause cardiorespiratory inhibitory reflexes. Double stimulation causes more important reflexes, including bradycardia and apnea. The cardiorespiratory inhibition response was less marked after permanent and selective blockade of C-fibers by capsaicïne. Conclusion: My experimental results show, for the first time, a relationship between esophageal vagal reflexes and cardiorespiratory events in a neonatal, non-sedated animal and suggest some involvement of C-fiber endings. Results also suggest that proximal gastroesophageal refluxes generate more important reflexes.
Guerrero, Gustavo. "Analyse à base de modèles des interactions cardiorespiratoires chez l'adulte et chez le nouveau-né". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S019.
Texto completoThe physiological mechanisms behind apnea episodes in adults and premature infants are not yet fully elucidated. The main objective of this thesis is to propose an approach, based on computational models, in order to better understand the acute cardio-respiratory response to an episode of apnea. An original model of cardio-respiratory interactions has been proposed and adapted in 3 versions: adult, newborn at term and preterm infant. Sensitivity analyses, performed on these models, have highlighted the importance of certain physiological variables: the fraction of inspired oxygen, metabolic rates, the chemoreflex and lung volume. From these results, a subset of parameters was selected to perform the first patient-specific identification of an adult model to study the dynamics of SaO2 during an obstructive apnea from a clinical database composed of 107 obstructive apneas distributed over 10 patients. From the parameters identified, a phenotyping of the patients was obtained, differentiating the patients with an increased risk of respiratory instability and periodic breathing. The results of the thesis open up new perspectives for the management and optimization of certain therapies (CPAP, PEEP, oxygen therapy, etc.) in neonatal and adult intensive care units
Loze, Fabienne. "Breda virus-like et entérocolite ulcero-nécrosante chez le nouveau-né : enquête prospective sur 100 nouveau-nés". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25205.
Texto completoDelaunay-El, Allam Maryse. "L'expérience sensorielle du nouveau-né et sa rétention à long terme : une analyse expérimentale de l'apprentissage des odeurs chez l'enfant humain". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162433.
Texto completoconnus. Leur compréhension est pourtant utile à l'explication du développement des préférences olfactives et de leur influence à long terme. Ce travail vise à examiner le développement des réponses sélectives envers les odeurs et leur rétention après des délais variant de quelques heures à plus d'un an. La démarche, la fois expérimentale et “naturaliste”, met à profit un contexte d'apprentissage écologique: la tétée au sein.
Elle comporte 3 objectifs: 1) confirmer l'acquisition néonatale des odeurs naturelles du sein maternel;
mettre en évidence l'acquisition d'une odeur artificielle lors des premiers épisodes de tétée; 3) évaluer rétention à très long terme de l'odeur acquise au sein au cours des premières semaines postnatales.
1) Le nouveau-né de 3-4 jours détecte les odeurs maternelles. Toutefois, la présentation (tests
double-choix) de substrats odorants d'origine mammaire (sein, sécrétions aréolaires, lait) et non mammaire
(cou) donne lieu à des réponses indifférenciées: les nouveau-nés sont également attirés vers ces odeurs
naturelles distinctes. Cette équivalence hédonique est explicable soit par la présence d'odorants communs
aux substrats échantillonnés, soit par leur association à des renforcements similaires. 2) L'utilisation locale
d'une pommade appliquée sur le sein a été mise à profit pour analyser l'acquisition d'un odorant exogène
(camomille) pendant la tétée. Cet odorant engage une préférence olfactive chez les enfants qui y ont
exposés au sein pendant 3-4 jours, mais pas chez des enfants qui n'y ont pas été exposés. La camomille
devient aussi attractive que le lait au bout de 3-4 jours si, en moyenne, 50% des tétées sont associée à
camomille. En somme, l'association d'odorants distincts aux mêmes renforcements peut déterminer
niveau d'attraction similaire. 3) La rétention de l'odeur de camomille acquise lors des premières semaines
de tétées est effective lors de tests réalisés à 6-8 et à 18-23 mois. Différentes épreuves olfactives adaptées
aux différents âges montrent que les enfants retiennent l'odeur exogène pendant au moins 15.5-22.5 mois
après cessation de l'exposition.
Ces résultats démontrent que: le nouveau-né humain est attentif aux propriétés olfactives de sa mère,
et que la tétée au sein est favorable à l'établissement de préférences olfactives multiples. Les préférences
olfactives acquises au sein sont suffisamment stables pour pouvoir être retenues pendant plus d'un an. Elles
sont donc en mesure d'influencer les comportements ultérieurs de choix alimentaires ou sociaux.
Carreau, Anne-Marie. "Effets d'une laryngite de reflux sur les chémoréflexes laryngés chez l'agneau nouveau-né". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6284.
Texto completoPhan, Duy An. "Impact du NO inhalé sur les progéniteurs neuraux chez le rat nouveau né". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077206.
Texto completoThis thesis shows for the first time a treatment commonly used in neonatal intensive care units, iNO is capable of inducing neuroprotection in a model of diffuse lesions in the white matter of ante- perinatal origin. INO is associated with a significant increase in the proliferation of neural progenitors and viable which preferentially differentiate into oligodendrocyte cells. These works provide physiological and mechanistic basis of the neuroprotective effect experimentally observed with exposure to iNO. Hemodynamic phenomena and / or cellular responsible for this are being explored
Abrous, Djoher Nora. "Greffes intracérébrales de neurones dopaminergiques chez le rat nouveau-né : étude anatomo-fonctionnelle". Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR22005.
Texto completoCoubart, Aurélie. "Un ou deux systèmes de représentation de la numérosité chez le nouveau-né ?" Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H108.
Texto completoMany studies showed that two systems are available to encode numerosities without the use of number words. These two systems have been shown to exist in adults, animals, and also in infants. The first system can represent approximate numerosities: the capacity to discriminate between two numerosities depends on their ratio difference. The second system has for primary role the spatiotemporal tracking of objects. The parallel individuation of several objects enables the system to encode implicitly the numerosity of a set. Contrary to the first system, the second can encode exact numerosities, however this system is limited by the number of objects that can be tracked (4 in adults, 3 in infants from 5 months of age). These two systems have been shown to exist in infants before the acquisition of number words, however, the question of their emergence and of their links remains. While a study showed that the approximate system exists from birth on, we do not know if the second system exists at the same age. In two series of studies, using audiovisual bimodal situations, we tested the existence of a system specific for small sets in newborn infants. The first set of experiments showed a dissociation between small and large numerosities. The next experiments revealed the existence of the system for small sets from birth on, however this system appears to be limited to 2 objects, while it has a limit of 3 in older infants. In order to study the link between the two systems for encoding numerosity, a third group of experiments was conducted with 5-month-old infants. These experiments, described in a supplementary chapter, tested the continuity between small and large numerosities using a crossmodal transfer paradigm between tactile and visual modalities
Sourisseau-Hirigoyen, Virginie. "Colonisation du nouveau-né par les différentes espèces du genre malassezia". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P028.
Texto completoDeschênes, Mariline. "La prostaglandine E1 par voie transdermique chez le nouveau-né atteint de cardiopathie congénitale". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25313/25313.pdf.
Texto completoJacob, Sandrine. "Epidémiologie de la rubéole en France chez la femme enceinte et le nouveau-né". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P159.
Texto completoDubayle, David. "Etude in vitro des générateurs spinaux de la respiration chez le rat nouveau-né". Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10616.
Texto completoDeschênes, Mariline. "La prostaglandine E₁ par voie transdermique chez le nouveau-né atteint de cardiopathie congénitale". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19924.
Texto completoIbitokou, Akanni Adédédji Abdoul Samad. "Paludisme associé à la grossesse : Conséquences immunologiques chez la femme enceinte et le nouveau-né". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923172.
Texto completoBarrière, Grégory. "Neuromodulation des réseaux sensorimoteurs chez le rat nouveau-né : implication des systèmes peptidergique et dopaminergique". Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21174.
Texto completoOur group investigates the lumbar locomotor network using the isolated neonatal rat spinal cord as a model. When appropriately activated, this preparation expresses fictive locomotion (without movement) recorded from the motor ventral roots. In this work, we have shown (1) the powerfull capabilities of dopamine and its D1 receptor agonist, SKF-81297, to generate and/or modulate fictive locomotion and (2) that neuropeptides, poorly studied in our preparation, are modulators that shape the locomotor pattern. Finally, we have studied the activity-dependant plasticity and metaplasticity of the sensorimotor transmission by analyzing the different effects of serotonine, dopamine and noradrenaline. Our preliminary data indicate that the action of these drugs are different depending on the type of plasticity
Couleru, Guillaume. "L'infarctus du myocarde chez le nouveau-né : revue de la littérature à propos d'une observation". Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M068.
Texto completoBarbarot, Sébastien. "Étude des déterminants de la dermatite atopique chez le nouveau-né prématuré et à terme". Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=6dc5952d-a6f0-4702-bb23-69e5cb751ec7.
Texto completoEvents occurring in the earliest stages of development can predispose a child to atopic diseases. We investigated the risk for developing atopic dermatitis (AD) in term and premature neonates in three studies. First we evaluated the safety, tolerance and preventive effect on AD at 6 month of an experimental symbiotic-supplemented infant formula versus standard formula in a randomised controlled trial (study I; n=97). Faecal secretory IgA (SIgA) concentration and microbiota composition of forty-three infants were analysed at 1 and 6 months. Growth was similar in both groups. At 6 months, AD was less frequently observed in the experimental group (P<0. 05). Decrease of faecal SIgA concentration between 1 and 6 months was mainly observed in the control group. This decrease was significantly associated with AD (P< 0. 014) and negatively correlated to the level of colonisation by bifidobacteria (P<0. 005). Then we investigated the relationship between gestational age (GA) and AD using data from two independent population-based cohorts (study II and III), including a total of 2,329 preterm infants, of whom 479 were born extremely preterm (< 29 weeks). After adjusting for confounding variables, a lower GA (< 29 weeks) was significantly associated with decreased risk of AD in the EPIPAGE cohort (aOR: 0. 57 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0. 37-0. 87]; P =. 009) and the LIFT cohort (aOR: 0. 41 [95% CI: 0. 18-0. 90]; P =. 03). So, very low GA (<29 weeks) was associated with a lower risk of AD compared with higher GA (29-34 weeks) and full term birth
Ballot, Orlane. "L’érythropoïétine cérébrale: une nouvelle molécule contre la dépression hypoxique chez le nouveau-né et l’adulte". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26712.
Texto completoThe erythropoietin (Epo) acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to reduce respiratory depression. However, we do not know whether the presence of endogenous Epo in the CNS acts as a respiratory stimulant sex-specific in newbons and adults, in hypoxia and in hypercapnia. Old mice 9 days and 3 months receive intracisternal injection of the antagonist Epo (sEpoR) or a control. 24 hours after we record the metabolic and ventilatory parameters by plethysmography with a period in normoxie, different cycles of hypoxia and in hypercapnia. According to our results, sEpoR produce a respiratory depression in normoxie and in hypoxia, due to a decrease in the respiratory frequency in the female and tidal volume in the male all both ages. In normoxia, sex-specific difference is noticed in two ages, but in hypoxia, only adults. However, this effect is not present in hypercapnia. Endogenous Epo is an important respiratory stimulant in hypoxia.
Po, Chrystelle. "Etude par IRM à haut champ de l'ischémie cérébrale transitoire chez le rat nouveau né". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0002.
Texto completoThe aim of this study was to characterize by in vivo MRI and MRS the short term and middle term developments of cerebral injuries following an experimental transient focal ischemia in the newborn rat (P7). The results show the efficiency of MRI to monitor the short term extent of the injured areas during ischemia and reperfusion and to predict the extent of the middle term extent of brain damage. The middle term monitoring has shown the development of a glial scar in the injured areas, by T2 weighted imaging, and the remodeling of the cerebral fiber networks, by Diffusion Tensor Imaging both in the glial scar and in ipsilateral adjacent areas. The monitoring of cerebral ischemia by these imaging methods will be thus a useful tool to evaluate the efficiency of therapeutic treatments directed toward these two processes
Pan, Hua. "Induction de tolérance au cours des greffes de tissus composites chez le porcelet nouveau-né". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10050/document.
Texto completoThis present research is devoted to the exploration of performing vascularized composite allografts as a treatment for severe congenital hand or face anomalies in neonates or very young infants. The bibliographic studies at first revised the discovery and mechanisms of neonatal tolerance in mice, as well as in utero hematopoietic stem cells transplantation in large-animal models and human fetuses. Then the properties of human neonatal immune system were described; and the non-myeloablative or non-toxic conditioning regimens for solid organ transplant tolerance induction were also studied, in order to give the clue to a applicable conditioning regimen for tolerance induction in neonates. The potent thymus and vascularized bone marrow transplantation in neonatal VCA were considered as advantages. Finally, the researches concerning tolerance induction for VCA in large animal models and in human patients were reviewed. ln experimental studies, the preclinical VCA was firstly established in neonatal swines. Subsequent experiments thus studied the immunosuppressive agents, as well as conditioning regimen, including the administration of cyclosporine A, rabbit anti-pig thymocyte globulin and mycophenolate mofetil for VCA in pig neonates. The findings in these experiments were then concluded. Based on these finding, a general tolerance induction protocol for VCA in neonatal swines was designed and experiment will be performed in year 2014-2015. lf donor-specific tolerance for VCA could be induced with present protocol, we will subsequently elaborate an applicable tolerance induction protocol and hand allotransplantation program in human newborn infants
Pethe, Laurence. "Le reflux gastro-oesophagien du nouveau-né et de l'enfant : physiopathologie, diagnostic et traitements". Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P046.
Texto completoGenevrois, Claire. "Réponses du nouveau-né à la voix et à des sons de l'environnement". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213527.
Texto completoEsoain, Bertrand. "Le traumatisme crânien obstétrical chez le nouveau-né à terme : à propos de dix-sept observations". Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M006.
Texto completoMourlon, Vanessa. "Caractérisation d'un modèle de séparation mère/nouveau-né chez le rat pour l'étude de symptômes dépressifs". Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P601.
Texto completoEarly life adverse experiences can lead to a vulnerability to the development of psychopathologies in adulthood like addiction, anxiety or depressives disorders. In spite of the fact that prevalence of depression is two-fold more important in females than in males, few animal models based on a postnatal stress include females. The aim of this work is to characterize an original model of maternal deprivation as an animal model of depressive-like symptoms at adulthood in the Long-Evans male and female rats, and taking into account the estrous cycle. In males, maternal deprivation seems insufficient to induce by itself depressive-like symptoms. In females, long-term effects induced by maternal deprivation appear complex and dependant on the hormonal status. These results highlight the importance of considering the hormonal status in drug therapy among depressive women, and thus to better tailor the treatments. Additionally, application of appropriate precipitating factors could allow us to use this model in research of novel therapeutics
Morin, Didier. "Neuromodulation sérotoninergique de l'activité respiratoire centrale : études in vitro et in vivo chez le nouveau-né". Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30018.
Texto completoVries, Philine de. "Développement post natal et ciblage nutritionnel du système nerveux entérique : étude chez le raton nouveau-né". Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=00363864-558d-4cb2-9e04-f7012a6c2bff.
Texto completoDigestive dysfunctions are often observed in premature child, such as slowing of intestinal transit to ulceronecrotizing enterocolitis. These symptoms could be a source of morbidity. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is known to be a major regulator of digestives functions. At birth, the child is submitted to environmental factors, and the GI tract is submitted to the influence of nutrients and their derivatives, such as butyrate. The commensal intestinal flora also has close ties with the GI tract. We first studied the maturation of rat pups ENS, and its impact upon the colonic motor functions. Few spontaneous contractions of the colon appeared at P5. Starting P14 rhythmic phasic contractions appeared whose frequency increased over time until P36. In addition, EFS induced contractions were significantly reduced by atropine from P14, while the proportion of ChAT-immuno reactive neurons increased significantly over time. Daily intrarectal administration of 2. 5 mM butyrate, to the pups from P7 to P17, increased the proportion of nitrergic and cholinergic cells and increase colonic motility in vivo. Ex vivo the motor response to EFS were disrupted in the presence of atropine and L-Name. Perinatal administration of oral Metronidazole to pups until P21, altered sensitivity to inflammation. Functional maturation of the colon and structural changes of the SNE occured after birth. Food and antibiotics can influence their development. This opens perspectives for the prevention and treatment of intestinal disorders in premature infants
Forma, Vincent. "Étude de la mobilité quadrupède en position ventrale chez le nouveau-né et le nourrisson humain". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB223/document.
Texto completoSelf-produced locomotion is a key stage in infant development, which usually begins with hand and knees crawling in the second semester of life. Since the moment of birth, however, newborns are already capable of autonomous propulsion from a prone position. This precocious form of quadrupedalism remains largely unstudied due in part to the fact that most researchers consider these creeping movements to constitute a mere reflex, destined dissipate as cortical development progresses. Under such an interpretation, this creeping « reflex » would have no link with mature, bipedal walking, would not recruit the upper limbs and would serve mainly as a mechanism by which newborns could reach the maternal breast. Contrary to this point of view, a handful of authors have observed that these patterns of locomotion seem complex, and might persist in some form until the age of 2-3 months. These observations invite us to consider the possibility that such primitive locomotion might be directly involved in the emergence of quadrupedal and bipedal gait. The present thesis examines the various characteristics (particularly cinematic) of this prone mobility, from birth to about six months of age. To this end, we describe the creation of an experimental tool that frees the use of a newborn's limbs and facilitates the aforementioned form of propulsion: the CrawliSkate. We present three studies showing that neonatal prone mobility goes beyond simple reflexes, involves coordination between the upper and lower limbs, and can be partially modified at birth at a supra-spinal level through visual stimulation. Lastly, we demonstrate that this pattern of locomotion persists, albeit with heavy modification, throughout the first semester of life
Sinding, Charlotte. "Perception des mélanges d'odeurs : étude comportementale et psychophysique chez le lapin nouveau-né et l'homme adulte". Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS113/document.
Texto completoThrough our senses, we can grasp the complexity of the stimuli that arise from our surroundings. Within the animal kingdom, two systems of information processing exist: one elemental and the other configural. Which factors promote each of these types of perception? Do they persist across lifespan? Do they vary from one species to another? In part, these issues were addressed simultaneously in human adults and newborn rabbits, within the general framework of odour mixture perception (more or less complex: 2-6 odorants), including the perception of blending mixtures.Firstly, our results highlight that in humans individual sensitivity (detection thresholds) modulates the perception of a binary blending mixture. Secondly, repeated experience with the components of a mixture promotes the elemental perception of the mixture both in humans and rabbits, while experience of the mixture promotes its configural perception only in rabbits. Thirdly, in both species, a same complex mixture of six odorants seems to trigger the perception of a configuration (specific to the blending effect); this is however not the case of any mixture of similar complexity. Besides, newborn rabbits display more pronounced elemental skills for this mixture. Finally, a prospective fMRI study was conducted in humans to investigate the neurophysiological correlates of these two modes of perception.The present findings confirm that the olfactory system can work both configurally and elementally, sometimes in the same way for similar mixtures in individuals from different species, and at different stages of development. This dual activity of the olfactory system is modulated by factors inherent to individuals and to mixtures themselves
Saadani-Makki, Fadoua. "Evaluation des conséquences d'une exposition à la caféine in utero sur la commande centrale respiratoire de rats nouveau-nés : approches électrophysiologique et anatomique sur des préparations de système nerveux central isolées". Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIED004.
Texto completoThe aim of the present work consists of a better estimation of in utero caffeine exposure consequences on the newborn respiratory drive. Experiments have been performed on central nervous system preparations isolated from newborn rats. Use of an animal model permits to eliminate problems encountered in clinical studies such as the heterogeneity of the doses of caffeine ingested by women or the combination of caffeine with other psychoactive substances. Comparison of the central respiratory drive and the c-fos expression between preparations isolated from newborn rats exposed or not to caffeine during the gestation 1/ confirms the hypothesis of the existence of respiratory perturbations in newborn following an in utero exposure to caffeine and 2/ suggests a neurochemistry mechanism for explain the occurrence of these changes
Binous, Malika. "Kystes paraventriculaires frontaux chez le nouveau-né : diagnostic échographique et corrélations cliniques : à propos de 35 cas". Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11145.
Texto completoCostes, Frédéric. "Détermination de la saturation en oxygène par oxymétrie de pouls chez l'enfant : résultats préliminaires". Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET6225.
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