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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Psychopathologies"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 11 de marzo de 2023

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1

Davey, Graham C. L. "Disgust: the disease-avoidance emotion and its dysfunctions". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, n.º 1583 (12 de diciembre de 2011): 3453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0039.

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This review analyses the accumulating evidence from psychological, psychophysiological, neurobiological and cognitive studies suggesting that the disease-avoidance emotion of disgust is a predominant emotion experienced in a number of psychopathologies. Current evidence suggests that disgust is significantly related to small animal phobias (particularly spider phobia), blood–injection–injury phobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder contamination fears, and these are all disorders that have primary disgust elicitors as a significant component of their psychopathology. Disgust propensity and sensitivity are also significantly associated with measures of a number of other psychopathologies, including eating disorders, sexual dysfunctions, hypochondriasis, height phobia, claustrophobia, separation anxiety, agoraphobia and symptoms of schizophrenia—even though many of these psychopathologies do not share the disease-avoidance functionality that characterizes disgust. There is accumulating evidence that disgust does represent an important vulnerability factor for many of these psychopathologies, but when disgust-relevant psychopathologies do meet the criteria required for clinical diagnosis, they are characterized by significant levels of both disgust and fear/anxiety. Finally, it has been argued that disgust may also facilitate anxiety and distress across a broad range of psychopathologies through its involvement in more complex human emotions such as shame and guilt, and through its effect as a negative affect emotion generating threat-interpretation biases.

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2

Persiaux, Renaud. "Les psychopathologies de l'enfant". Les Grands Dossiers des Sciences Humaines N°8, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2007): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gdsh.438.0020.

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3

Bourrat, M. y B. Olliac. "Psychotherapy groups and psychopathologies". Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, n.º 5 (julio de 2012): S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.05.525.

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4

Johnson, Sheri L. "Cognitive inhibition across psychopathologies". Applied and Preventive Psychology 12, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2007): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2007.11.001.

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5

Penna, Priscila Pitta, Mário Recupero y Carlos Gil. "Influence of psychopathologies on craniomandibular disorders". Brazilian Dental Journal 20, n.º 3 (2009): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000300010.

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Psychopathologies play a role in the etiology and maintenance of craniomandibular disorders (CMD). In this study, the craniomandibular index was applied to valuate signs and symptoms of CMD in 60 dentate patients, who were assigned to 2 groups: symptomatic (n=35) and asymptomatic (n=25). An interview on psychopathologies was carried out with the aim to detect the presence of some mood disorders, such as depression, dysthymic and bipolar I disorders. Among these disturbances, depression was the most significant aspect to be reported (p<0.05) since it was present in most symptomatic patients. This important interaction was also significantly correlated (p<0.05) with the Palpation Index. These results suggest that psychopathological aspects could increase muscle tenderness and pain in addition to sleep dysfuntions and other physical complaints. Therefore, psychopathologies should be regarded as an important aspect in patients with orofacial pains.

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Hambali, Nurfarah Lydia, Friska Ayu, Nicholas Tze Ping Pang, Mohd Amiruddin Mohd Kassim, Hafid Algristian, Moch Sahri, Nelbon Giloi et al. "Mediating Effect of Psychological Process Variables on the Relationship between Dysfunctional Coping and Psychopathologies: A Comparative Study on Psychopathologies during COVID-19". Behavioral Sciences 12, n.º 7 (24 de junio de 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12070206.

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The COVID-19 crisis has had repercussions on global mental wellbeing. This study aimed: (1) to identify the mediating role of psychological process variables, namely psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between dysfunctional coping and psychopathologies in Indonesian undergraduate students subjected to national quarantine orders throughout July, 2020 and (2) to compare the level of anxiety, depression, and anxiety between Indonesian and Malaysian undergraduate students. A cross-sectional study was performed with 869 Indonesian undergraduate students from Nahdlatul Ulama University of Surabaya (UNUSA) and 515 undergraduate students from Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). The BIPM, MAAS, AAQ-I, DASS-21, and Brief COPE were used to assess the research variables. The proportion who scored “moderate” and above for depression, anxiety, and stress were 20.2%, 25.0%, and 14.2%, respectively, in Malaysian samples and 22.2%, 35.0%, and 23.48% in Indonesian samples. In Study 1, psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological inflexibility significantly mediated the relationship between dysfunctional coping and psychopathologies. In Study 2, Indonesians demonstrated significantly higher anxiety and stress compared to Malaysian samples. Despite the contrasting COVID-19 situations in Malaysia and Indonesia, psychopathologies were more affected in Indonesia. Hence, our study suggests how crucial it is for mental health providers to consider promoting psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological flexibility to alleviate the corresponding psychopathologies among undergraduate students.

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7

Lafortune, Denis y Margaret C. Kiely. "« Prévention primaire des psychopathologies » : appellation contrôlée". Santé mentale au Québec 14, n.º 1 (19 de octubre de 2006): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031488ar.

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Résumé La prévention psychosociale est souvent une notion galvaudée et abordée avec une familiarité trompeuse. Plusieurs facteurs peuvent expliquer en partie ce mauvais usage : réactions confuses au modèle médical, association inopportune des termes "préventif" et "communautaire", distinction plus ou moins claire entre trois niveaux de prévention, malentendu autour du concept de facteur de risque et définition trop générale du concept de promotion. Une des spécificités du fait psychopathologique est qu'il se prête mal à une dichotomie "avant /après" l'apparition des symptômes. C'est pourquoi le champ préventif devrait identifier ses cibles en fonction de facteurs étiologiques plutôt que symptomatologiques. Ainsi, pour nous, la véritable prévention ne devrait comprendre que des interventions proactives destinées, soit à la neutralisation d'influences pathogènes, soit à la promotion de compétences susceptibles de rendre la population plus robuste.

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8

Ghadirian, A.-M., P. Gregoire y H. Kosmidis. "Creativity and the Evolution of Psychopathologies". Creativity Research Journal 13, n.º 2 (abril de 2001): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1302_2.

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9

Radmanesh, M. y S. Shafiei. "Underlying Psychopathologies of Psychogenic Pruritic Disorders". Dermatology and Psychosomatics / Dermatologie und Psychosomatik 2, n.º 3 (2001): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000049657.

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10

Bharati, Anup S., Y. A. Matcheswalla, Maithili S. Umate y Suyog Jaiswal. "Mechanism of coping in patients of alcohol dependence and its correlation with anxiety, depressive symptoms". International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, n.º 2 (23 de marzo de 2017): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20171051.

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Background: Alcohol use disorder is a common and challenging problem in India. In various studies the prevalence of co-morbid psychopathologies ranges from 15-70% including depression & anxiety disorders. Coping mechanisms of individual play vital role in case of developing alcohol dependence and various psychopathologies. A complex interaction of psychopathologies, coping skills, and alcohol use can influence the outcome of alcohol dependence. This study was undertaken with the aim of studying coping mechanism along with anxiety, depressive symptoms and their correlation in patients of alcohol dependence.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary government hospital. Institutional ethics committee approval obtained. 152 patients with the diagnosis of alcohol dependence (DSM IV TR) were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of which 60 patients were enrolled after taking written informed consent. Following scales were used for the study, mechanisms of coping scale (MOCS), Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS).Results: 32 patients had HAM-A score >17 suggestive of anxiety, similarly 40 patients had MADRS score >7 indicating depression. Problem focussed coping mechanism such as problem solving is associated with better outcome in terms of lesser anxiety and later age of first drink as well as developing dependence. Passivity, which is an emotion focussed coping mechanism, is associated with earlier first drink and higher depression score in patient suggesting poor outcome.Conclusions: Coping skills training should be incorporated in abstinence focused programs. Co-morbid psychopathologies like anxiety and depression are common in alcohol dependence individuals and thus, screening for these symptoms is essential for early interventions and better outcomes.

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11

Costanzi, Marco, Beatrice Cianfanelli, Alessandro Santirocchi, Stefano Lasaponara, Pietro Spataro, Clelia Rossi-Arnaud y Vincenzo Cestari. "Forgetting Unwanted Memories: Active Forgetting and Implications for the Development of Psychological Disorders". Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, n.º 4 (26 de marzo de 2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11040241.

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Intrusive memories are a common feature of many psychopathologies, and suppression-induced forgetting of unwanted memories appears as a critical ability to preserve mental health. In recent years, biological and cognitive studies converged in revealing that forgetting is due to active processes. Recent neurobiological studies provide evidence on the active role of main neurotransmitter systems in forgetting, suggesting that the brain actively works to suppress retrieval of unwanted memories. On the cognitive side, there is evidence that voluntary and involuntary processes (here termed “intentional” and “incidental” forgetting, respectively) contribute to active forgetting. In intentional forgetting, an inhibitory control mechanism suppresses awareness of unwanted memories at encoding or retrieval. In incidental forgetting, retrieval practice of some memories involuntarily suppresses the retrieval of other related memories. In this review we describe recent findings on deficits in active forgetting observed in psychopathologies, like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Moreover, we report studies in which the role of neurotransmitter systems, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, has been investigated in active forgetting paradigms. The possibility that biological and cognitive mechanisms of active forgetting could be considered as hallmarks of the early onset of psychopathologies is also discussed.

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12

Checa, Alejandro. "A Typical Psychological Treatment with EMDR". Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal 7, n.º 2 (2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000171.

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EMDR is a method of structured psychotherapy that facilitates the treatment of various psychopathologies and problems related to both traumatic events and more common but emotionally stressful experiences.

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13

Cocchi, Massimo, Lucio Tonello y Fabio Gabrielli. "Mood Psychopathologies: An Integrated Complexity-Based Interpretation". Psychology 05, n.º 03 (2014): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.53030.

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14

Matrajt, Miguel. "Simulation, mensonge et conviction Repenser deux psychopathologies". Chimères 44, n.º 1 (2001): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/chime.2001.2384.

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15

Mohr, Christine y Sabrina Messina. "Brain Dysfunctions, Psychopathologies, and Body Image Distortions". European Psychologist 20, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2015): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000203.

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The major features in eating disorders are a preoccupation with food and its consumption and body dissatisfaction. Diagnostic manuals provide clusters of criteria according to which affected individuals can be categorized into one or other group of eating disorder. Yet, when considering the high proportion of comorbidities and ignoring the content of the symptoms (food, body), the major features seem to yield obsessional-compulsive, addictive, and impulsive qualities. In the present article, we review studies from the neuroscientific literature (mainly lesion studies) on eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control disorder, and addiction to investigate the possibility of a wider phenotype that can be related to a common brain network. The literature localizes this network to the right frontal lobe and its connectivities. This network, when dysfunctional, might result in a behavior that favors the preoccupation with particular thoughts, behaviors, anxieties, and uncontrollable urges that are accompanied by little scope for ongoing behavioral adjustments (e.g., impulse control). We reason that this network may turn out to be equally involved in understudied mental conditions of dysfunctional body processing such as muscle dysmorphia, body dysmorphic disorder (including esthetic surgery), and xelomelia. We finally consider previous notions of a wider phenotype approach to current diagnostic practice (using DSM), such as the possibility of a model with a reduced number of diagnostic categories and primary and secondary factors, and to etiological models of mental health conditions.

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16

Bessoles, P. "Psychopathologies péritraumatiques chez le mineur agressé sexuellement". Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 54, n.º 4 (agosto de 2006): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2006.07.001.

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17

Meeten, Frances y Graham C. L. Davey. "Mood-as-input hypothesis and perseverative psychopathologies". Clinical Psychology Review 31, n.º 8 (diciembre de 2011): 1259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.08.002.

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18

Solís Nova, David y Agostino Molteni. "Para acabar con las psicopatologías parmenídeas. Reflexiones filosóficoteológicas." Revista de Filosofía 20, n.º 1 (2021): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/2735-6353.2021.20.0100004.

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La naciente filosofía tuvo en Parménides a uno de sus precursores más célebres y, sin duda, a uno de los que más influyó a todo el pensamiento posterior. En este trabajo, después de presentar sintéticamente nuestra lectura del pensamiento parmenídeo, por un lado, se quieren mostrar las consecuencias que implica esta propuesta filosófica acerca de lo que es el ser y de qué significa pensar Consecuencias que influyen no sólo en el ámbito filosófico, sino que también en el teológico. Por otro lado, en referencia a estos dos alrededores, se intentará elaborar una propuesta distinta acerca del ser y del pensamiento que no recaer en lo que hemos llamado ciertas 'enfermedades del pensamiento' o 'psicopatologías' causadas por el extenso y severo influjo parmenídeo.

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19

Andretta, E., V. Gasparella, P. Bastianello, G. Artuso, P. Seren, S. Benzone y G. Signorelli. "Painful bladder syndromes in the female: Etiopathogenetic hypotheses". Urologia Journal 64, n.º 1 (febrero de 1997): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039706400123.

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The origins of interstitial cystitis and urethral syndrome are unknown. Epithelial leak, functional disorder of the pelvic floor muscle and reflex sympathetic dystrophy are the most popular etiopathogenetic assumptions. Atypical micro-organisms and psychopathologies should always be carefully excluded.

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20

Zhang, Jie, Yilin Ye y Jichao Wang. "Social exclusion and psychopathologies of Chinese floating populations". Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 6 (diciembre de 2021): 100263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100263.

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21

SASAKI, JUN, TAKAHIRO HOSHINO y YOSHIHIKO TANNO. "Psychopathologies and the Five-Factor Model of Personality". Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 50, n.º 1 (2002): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.50.1_65.

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22

Gannon, Theresa A. "Female Arsonists: Key Features, Psychopathologies, and Treatment Needs". Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes 73, n.º 2 (junio de 2010): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2010.73.2.173.

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23

Woodruff-Borden, Janet, Andrew J. Brothers y Sally C. Lister. "SELF-FOCUSED ATTENTION: COMMONALITIES ACROSS PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES AND PREDICTORS". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, n.º 2 (abril de 2001): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465801002041.

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Self-focused attention, also thought of a self-absorption, has been linked to a variety of affective states and clinical syndromes, including depression, panic disorder, social anxiety, schizophrenia, and alcoholism. Ingram (1990b) has suggested that self-focus may be a “nonspecific process” that is common across psychopathologies. Studies with nonclinical samples have supported this contention, and the current study assessed whether self-focus was common across various clinically diagnosed groups. A second issue, given this commonality, was to examine the factors across diagnostic conditions to which self-focus was related. One hundred and thirty-eight outpatients were included, and were divided into three groups based on primary diagnosis: “depression”, “panic”, and “other anxiety”. They were assessed with the ADIS-R/IV and completed measures assessing self-focus, affective states, global psychopathology, and problem-solving. Self-focus was common across groups, with minor valence variations. Severity of primary diagnosis predicted total self-focus, with level of depression and trait anxiety predicting negative self-focus. Correlational analyses suggested that self-focused attention is related to general measures of psychopathology and severity, and negatively related to problem-solving. The pattern with negative self-focus was even more pronounced, with significant relationships to all measures of psychopathology, clinician-rated severity, and a negative relationship with problem-solving. Results are discussed in terms of differences between “normal” and problematic self-focus, the causal direction in the relationship between self-focus and negative affect, and the link between self-focus and problem-solving.

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Sun, X., C. Zhu y S. H. W. So. "Dysfunctional metacognition across psychopathologies: A meta-analytic review". European Psychiatry 45 (septiembre de 2017): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.029.

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AbstractBackground:Dysfunctions in metacognition have been reported in individuals with anxiety disorders. Although recent studies have examined metacognition in other disorders, how dysfunctional metacognition compares across disorders is not clear. This review aimed to ascertain the importance of dysfunctional metacognition in various psychopathologies, and to identify similarities and differences in metacognitive profiles across disorders.Methods:Forty-seven studies were selected from 586 articles published between 1990 and August 2015, including a total sample of 3772 patients and 3376 healthy individuals. Studies that measured metacognition using the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and its variants were included. We conducted five meta-analyses including 49 to 55 effect sizes, comparing psychiatric patients to healthy individuals on respective metacognitive dimensions of the MCQ.Results:We found elevated metacognitive dysfunctions in patients, as a group, on all MCQ dimensions. Group effects were large and robust for the two negative beliefs (i.e., beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of thoughts, and beliefs about the need to control thoughts), and moderate and unstable for the positive beliefs. Patients showed decreased cognitive confidence and heightened cognitive self-consciousness on moderate to large levels. Moderator analyses revealed that negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of thoughts were most prevalent in generalized anxiety disorder, whereas heightened cognitive self-consciousness was more characteristic in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders manifested more similar metacognitive profiles than other disorders.Conclusions:Our findings supported dysfunctional metacognition as common processes across psychopathologies, with certain dimensions being more prevalent in particular disorders.

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25

Dumond, Jean-Paul. "Des psychopathologies cliniques du travail à la gestion". La Revue des Sciences de Gestion 226-227, n.º 4 (2007): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rsg.226.0157.

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26

Fried, Daniel. "Compulsive Hoarding: Psychopathologies of Print, Phenomenologies of Text". Culture, Theory and Critique 55, n.º 3 (3 de marzo de 2014): 342–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2014.892768.

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27

Saniotis, Arthur. "Evolutionary psychiatry: enhancing our current knowledge of psychopathologies". Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 21, n.º 3 (7 de septiembre de 2019): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/app/110555.

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28

Levine, Stephen B. "Towards a Compendium of the Psychopathologies of Love". Archives of Sexual Behavior 43, n.º 1 (25 de diciembre de 2013): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0242-6.

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29

Hall, Jeremy y Michael J. Owen. "Psychiatric classification – a developmental perspective". British Journal of Psychiatry 207, n.º 4 (octubre de 2015): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.159996.

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SummaryCurrent classification systems treat developmental and adult psychopathologies as separate. However, as risk factors for psychiatric disorders are identified it is increasingly clear that these can lead to multiple outcomes across different developmental stages. Research and classification schemes will therefore in the future need to adopt a lifespan approach to risk.

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Guo, Wanjun, Yujie Tao, Xiaojing Li, Xia Lin, Yajing Meng, Xia Yang, Huiyao Wang et al. "Associations of Internet Addiction Severity With Psychopathology, Serious Mental Illness, and Suicidality: Large-Sample Cross-Sectional Study". Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, n.º 8 (11 de agosto de 2020): e17560. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17560.

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Background Internet addiction has become a major global concern and a burden on mental health. However, there is a lack of consensus on its link to mental health outcomes. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between internet addiction severity and adverse mental health outcomes. Methods First-year undergraduates enrolled at Sichuan University during September 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 were invited to participate in the current study survey, 85.13% (31,659/37,187) of whom fully responded. Young’s 20-item Internet Addiction Test, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Symptom Checklist 90, Six-Item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised were used to evaluate internet addiction, four psychopathologies (high somatic symptom severity, clinically significant depression, psychoticism, and paranoia), serious mental illness, and lifetime suicidality. Results The prevalence of students with mild, moderate, and severe internet addiction was 37.93% (12,009/31,659), 6.33% (2003/31,659), and 0.20% (63/31,659), respectively. The prevalence rates of high somatic symptom severity, clinically significant depression, psychoticism, paranoid ideation, and serious mental illness were 6.54% (2072/31,659), 4.09% (1294/31,659), 0.51% (160/31,659), 0.52% (165/31,659), and 1.88% (594/31,659), respectively, and the lifetime prevalence rates of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempt were 36.31% (11,495/31,659), 5.13% (1624/31,659), and 1.00% (315/31,659), respectively. The prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) of the four psychopathologies and their comorbidities, screened serious mental illness, and suicidalities in the group without internet addiction were much lower than the average levels of the surveyed population. Most of these metrics in the group with mild internet addiction were similar to or slightly higher than the average rates; however, these rates sharply increased in the moderate and severe internet addiction groups. Among the four psychopathologies, clinically significant depression was most strongly associated with internet addiction after adjusting for the confounding effects of demographics and other psychopathologies, and its prevalence increased from 1.01% (178/17,584) in the students with no addiction to 4.85% (582/12,009), 24.81% (497/2,003), and 58.73% (37/63) in the students with mild, moderate, and severe internet addiction, respectively. The proportions of those with any of the four psychopathologies increased from 4.05% (713/17,584) to 11.72% (1408/12,009), 36.89% (739/2003), and 68.25% (43/63); those with lifetime suicidal ideation increased from 24.92% (4382/17,584) to 47.56% (5711/12,009), 67.70% (1356/2003), and 73.02% (46/63); those with a suicidal plan increased from 2.59% (456/17,584) to 6.77% (813/12,009), 16.72% (335/2003), and 31.75% (20/63); and those with a suicidal attempt increased from 0.50% (88/17,584) to 1.23% (148/12,009), 3.54% (71/2003), and 12.70% (8/63), respectively. Conclusions Moderate and severe internet addiction were strongly associated with a broad group of adverse mental health outcomes, including somatic symptoms that are the core features of many medical illnesses, although clinically significant depression showed the strongest association. This finding supports the illness validity of moderate and severe internet addiction in contrast to mild internet addiction. These results are important for informing health policymakers and service suppliers from the perspective of resolving the overall human health burden in the current era of “Internet Plus” and artificial intelligence.

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Galletta, D., I. Lauria, A. M. Mastrola y M. Confuorto. "Relationship between cognitive functions and empathy in patients with neurocognitive deficit". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (abril de 2021): S416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1111.

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IntroductionEmpathy is a social emotive skill that let to experience the same feelings of another person without being in the same situation. It changes during the growth becoming more over sophisticated with the involving of cognitive functions such as perspective taking (Hoffmann, 2000). Several researches observed a correlation between empathy and psychopathologies that involve cognitive functions such as attention and executive functions (Abdel-Hamid et al., 2019; Blair, 2018; Pijper et al., 2018) or decision-making (Francis et al., 2019).ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of cognitive impairment on different empathy dimensions.Methods80 subjects with severe neurocognitive deficit were examined. WAIS-R, neuropsychological battery and IRI test were performed.ResultsThe impairment of perspective-taking dimension was significantly noticeable (=or<17/30). In addition, impairments of self-regulation process and inner-state monitoring mechanisms were also observed (=or<18/40).ConclusionsAccording to previous researches, this study confirms that empathy can be reduced when cognitive functions are compromised by psychopathologies or other medical conditions. Personal distress and perspective taking are empathy dimensions more affected in these cases.

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Necho, Mogesie, Mengesha Birkie, Habitam Gelaye, Abeba Beyene, Asmare Belete y Mekonnen Tsehay. "Depression, anxiety symptoms, Insomnia, and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic period among individuals living with disabilities in Ethiopia, 2020". PLOS ONE 15, n.º 12 (30 de diciembre de 2020): e0244530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244530.

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Background People with disabilities face multiple barriers that prevent them from accessing care and essential information related to the COVID-19 pandemic that poses additional stress and psychopathology. Therefore, the investigation of psychopathologies during the COVID-19 outbreak and emergency response is critical. Methods A cross-sectional survey was implemented from July 15/2020 to July 30/2020. The PHQ-9, GAD-7 scale, insomnia severity index-7, and brief resilient coping scale were administered to participants. The collected data was then entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS-20 for analysis. Descriptive statistical procedures were employed to describe the various psychopathologies. A binary logistic regression method was used to identify the related factors for the psychopathologies. Furthermore, an odds ratio with its 95%CI was driven to show association strength, and a P-value <0.05 was declared as statistically significant. Results A significant proportion of individuals living with disability had psychopathologies; 46.2% for depression symptoms, 48.1% for generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, and 71% for insomnia symptoms. Nearly 45.7% of participants were low resilient copers to their psychopathology. Depression was significantly higher in divorced/widowed/separated (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.28–8.92, P-value = 0.006), non-educated (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.12, 5.90, P-value = 0.001), and unemployed (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.32, 5.11, P-value = 0.005) as well as a daily laborer (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.20, 4.89, P-value = 0.014) subjects. Generalized anxiety disorder was also significantly higher in young age (<40 years) (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.98, P-value = 0.02), single (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.24, 5.3, P-value = 0.011), widowed/divorced/separated (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.78, P-value = 0.032), preparatory school completed (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.46, P-value = 0.001), daily laborer (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.23, P-value = 0.003), and unemployed (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.78, P-value = 0.005) participants. Moreover, insomnia was significantly higher in single (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.09, P-value = 0.027), divorced/widowed/separated(AOR = 6.2, 95% CI: 1.08, 11.29, P-value = 0.032), unemployed (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.22, 7.03, P-value = 0.001), blind (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.42, 6.35, P-value = 0.001), and deaf (AOR = 10.2, 95% CI: 4.52, 35.33, P-value = 0.002) participants. Conclusion Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were highly prevalent among individuals with a disability during the COVID-19 period. Multiple sociodemographic and disability-related factors were associated with this high psychopathology. Attention has to be given by the government and other stakeholders to intervene in psychopathology and its associated factors.

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33

Martynova, Daria O. "VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES: EXAMPLES AND PROBLEMS OF STUDY". Articult, n.º 2 (2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2021-2-49-56.

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The article is devoted to a retrospective analysis of the causes of the appearance of representations of mental diseases in the visual field and the problems of visualization of pathologies on the example of cases and artworks of the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries. The problems and points of interaction between art and psychiatry are touched upon, the reasons for the appearance of psychiatric illustration, the commonwealth of psychiatry and photography, and the genre of medical portraits are analyzed. As a result, it can be concluded that psychiatric photography, medical portraits and psychiatric illustrations inherited previously existing aesthetic and representative traditions, as well as cultural and historical ideas about mental diseases, which in turn gave rise to symptoms. Such a visual “dead end” has created a problem of representation, which also exists in contemporary art. Thus, the “objective” representation of psychopathologies in art is still problematic and requires analysis and search for solutions.

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Diamond, Diana y Frank Yeomans. "Psychopathologies narcissiques et psychothérapie focalisée sur le transfert (PFT)". Santé mentale au Québec 33, n.º 1 (22 de julio de 2008): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018475ar.

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Les auteurs présentent un aperçu de l’éventail des interprétations psychanalytiques de la pathologie narcissique, en mettant l’accent sur le modèle et le système de classification décrits par Kernberg (1984). Ils abordent la manière dont le clivage des dyades relationnelles objectales favorise une importante pathologie, tant du développement que du fonctionnement du surmoi et de l’établissement défensif d’un faux soi grandiose. Ces trois points sont au coeur des pathologies du narcissisme. Les auteurs passent en revue les modifications psychothérapiques susceptibles d’aider les cliniciens à soigner efficacement les patients souffrant d’une pathologie du narcissisme. Ils présentent les distinctions entre les divers niveaux de narcissisme qui influencent à la fois l’approche thérapeutique et le pronostic.

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Marsh, Rachel, Tiago V. Maia y Bradley S. Peterson. "Functional Disturbances Within Frontostriatal Circuits Across Multiple Childhood Psychopathologies". American Journal of Psychiatry 166, n.º 6 (junio de 2009): 664–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08091354.

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36

Merkulov, V. M., T. I. Merkulova y N. P. Bondar. "Mechanisms of brain glucocorticoid resistance in stress-induced psychopathologies". Biochemistry (Moscow) 82, n.º 3 (marzo de 2017): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006297917030142.

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37

Zalachoras, Ioannis, Fiona Hollis, Eva Ramos-Fernández, Laura Trovo, Sarah Sonnay, Eveline Geiser, Nicolas Preitner, Pascal Steiner, Carmen Sandi y Laia Morató. "Therapeutic potential of glutathione-enhancers in stress-related psychopathologies". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 114 (julio de 2020): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.015.

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38

Yalcin, S. S. y E. Orun. "Breastfeeding status and maternal psychopathologies: in a longitudinal study". Archives of Disease in Childhood 96, n.º 9 (10 de abril de 2011): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2011.214007.

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Blanchard, D. Caroline y Ksenia Meyza. "Risk assessment and serotonin: Animal models and human psychopathologies". Behavioural Brain Research 357-358 (enero de 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.008.

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40

Melle, Ingrid, Tor K. Larsen, Ulrik Haahr, Svein Friis, Jan O. Johannesen, Stein Opjordsmoen, Bjørn R. Rund, Erik Simonsen, Per Vaglum y Thomas McGlashan. "Prevention of Negative Symptom Psychopathologies in First-Episode Schizophrenia". Archives of General Psychiatry 65, n.º 6 (2 de junio de 2008): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.6.634.

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Furtado, Gil Dutra, Darla Barboza Da Silva y Felipe Eduardo da Silva Sobral. "CANINE PSYCHIATRY: THE IMPORTANCE OF APPROACHES TO ANIMAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES". Environmental Smoke 5, n.º 3 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32435/envsmoke.20225346.

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Animals exhibit analogous behavioral conditions that are equivalent to certain human psychiatric illnesses. Animal psychiatry is a growing field as more information about animals is uncovered, such as their ability to understand and interact with their guardians as well as their environment. The most commonly reported psychiatric disorders in companion animals such as dogs and cats are generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The behavioral disorders of animals have great similarity with human psychiatry (such as generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control disorders and panic disorder), and thus, models developed through scientific work with animals, may help in the understanding of human psychiatry, increasing the importance of veterinary psychiatric actions, bringing elucidations for the behavioral pathologies of pets and providing elements of the scientific basis for the advancement of human psychiatric actions. Problem behaviors are often the result of how an animal manages to interconnect specific factors such as how they reflect, how they feel, the genetic influence of each individual, and the environmental influences to which they are exposed. By taking these aspects into account and moving away from only direct description diagnoses of pathologies, and focusing on emotional and cognitive causes, we can diagnose, treat, and manage behavioral pathologies in pets, as well as generate valuable information for the many areas of psychiatric practice. The veterinary psychiatrist must evaluate physical disorders that may lead to or exacerbate abnormal behaviors so that these are not mistakenly dismissed. From there, noting the patients' ethological changes, the focus should shift to mental and emotional health, ranging from an assessment of normal behavior to the diagnosis of mental and emotional disorders, addressing emotions of anxiety and frustration, as well as other disorders. For each of these situations, actions such as behavior modification, management of the animal's environment, training, and, when necessary, use of medication, are methodologies that the Pv professional can and should use to seek to maintain the patient's well-being. The owner's concerns should never be overlooked, including management problems, aggression, affective disorder, elimination disorder, abnormal and repetitive behaviors, and ageing-related problems. In all these cases, help should be offered to the guardians with theoretical and practical actions focused on normal and abnormal behavior in dogs and cats from the point of view of emotion and cognition; provides protocols for behavior modification, doses and indications of drugs, in order to assist in the management of the case.

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42

Haig, Brian D. y Frances M. Vertue. "Extending the network perspective on comorbidity". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, n.º 2-3 (junio de 2010): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10000762.

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AbstractCramer et al. make a good case for reconceptualizing comorbid psychopathologies in terms of complex network theory. We suggest the need for an extension of their network model to include reference to latent causes. We also draw attention to a neglected approach to theory appraisal that might usefully be incorporated into the methodology of network theory.

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Müller, Christian P. y Davide Amato. "Winner takes it all: Addiction as an example for selfish goal dominance". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, n.º 2 (abril de 2014): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13002112.

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AbstractHere we argue that the selfish goal concept may well be suitable to explain inconsistencies not only in micro-behaviors, but also in the gross behavioral repertoire of an individual, which is often associated with psychopathologies, such as addiction. Neurophysiological evidence for pathological conditions like addiction emerged, and this evidence may also serve as an explanatory model for normal behaviors.

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Kotera, Yasuhiro, Holly Young, Sarah Maybury y Muhammad Aledeh. "Mediation of Self-Compassion on Pathways from Stress to Psychopathologies among Japanese Workers". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 19 (29 de septiembre de 2022): 12423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912423.

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As awareness of mental health increases worldwide, how to improve mental health has begun to be discussed in many countries. Stress is known to cause diverse physical and mental health problems, including psychopathologies. On the other hand, our previous studies identified that self-compassion, kindness and understanding towards oneself are key components for good mental health in many populations, including Japanese workers. The government reports that Japanese workers suffer from high rates of mental health problems. However, the mechanism of how self-compassion helps their mental health remains to be evaluated. Accordingly, this study aimed to elucidate how self-compassion intervenes in pathways from stress to psychopathologies, namely depression and anxiety. One hundred and sixty-five Japanese workers completed an online survey regarding self-compassion, depression, anxiety and stress. Correlation and path analyses were conducted. These four variables were significantly inter-related. While self-compassion mediated the pathway from stress to depression, it did not mediate the pathway from stress to anxiety. These exploratory insights assist in understanding the mechanism of how self-compassion improves mental health and inform effective methods to implement self-compassion interventions to the Japanese workforce.

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Fox, Bryanna. "What makes a difference? Evaluating the key distinctions and predictors of sexual and non-sexual offending among male and female juvenile offenders". Journal of Criminal Psychology 7, n.º 2 (2 de mayo de 2017): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-12-2016-0047.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ability of a comprehensive set of covariates to distinguish and predict juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) from non-sexual juvenile offenders (NSJOs) using demographic traits, criminality covariates, childhood trauma, and psychopathologies in a sample of male and female juvenile offenders in the USA. Design/methodology/approach A multivariate binary logistic regression will be conducted on a total of 64,329 juvenile offenders in Florida to determine what demographic, criminal history, childhood traumas, and psychopathologies make a difference in identifying sexual and NSJOs while controlling for the other key predictors in the model. Findings Results indicate that having an earlier age of criminal onset and more felony arrests, experiencing sexual abuse or being male, having low empathy, high impulsivity, depression, and psychosis all significantly increase the risk of sexual vs non-sexual offending among the male and female juvenile offenders, even while controlling for all other key covariates in the analysis. Originality/value This study uncovered many new findings regarding the key distinguishing traits of juvenile sex offending vs non-sexual offending, using a comprehensive list of predictors, a large sample of male and female offenders, and a rigorous statistical methodology.

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Ochneva, Aleksandra, Yana Zorkina, Olga Abramova, Olga Pavlova, Valeriya Ushakova, Anna Morozova, Eugene Zubkov, Konstantin Pavlov, Olga Gurina y Vladimir Chekhonin. "Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in the Brain: Common Pathogenetic Pathways in Neurodegenerative and Mental Disorders". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 22 (21 de noviembre de 2022): 14498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214498.

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Mental disorders represent common brain diseases characterized by substantial impairments of social and cognitive functions. The neurobiological causes and mechanisms of psychopathologies still have not been definitively determined. Various forms of brain proteinopathies, which include a disruption of protein conformations and the formation of protein aggregates in brain tissues, may be a possible cause behind the development of psychiatric disorders. Proteinopathies are known to be the main cause of neurodegeneration, but much less attention is given to the role of protein impairments in psychiatric disorders’ pathogenesis, such as depression and schizophrenia. For this reason, the aim of this review was to discuss the potential contribution of protein illnesses in the development of psychopathologies. The first part of the review describes the possible mechanisms of disruption to protein folding and aggregation in the cell: endoplasmic reticulum stress, dysfunction of chaperone proteins, altered mitochondrial function, and impaired autophagy processes. The second part of the review addresses the known proteins whose aggregation in brain tissue has been observed in psychiatric disorders (amyloid, tau protein, α-synuclein, DISC-1, disbindin-1, CRMP1, SNAP25, TRIOBP, NPAS3, GluA1, FABP, and ankyrin-G).

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Lenk, Maria, Barbara Noack, Kerstin Weidner y Katrin Lorenz. "Psychopathologies and socioeconomic status as risk indicators for periodontitis: a survey-based investigation in German dental practices". Clinical Oral Investigations 26, n.º 3 (8 de noviembre de 2021): 2853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04263-2.

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Abstract Objectives Periodontitis is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease associated with various mental disorders. However, study results about this association are still contradictory. One methodological reason could be the neglect of potential confounders, such as socioeconomic factors or mental comorbidity. Our study examined a wide range of potential psychosocial risk indicators to identify those with relevant associations to periodontitis. Materials and methods In a cross-sectional study, 111 patients with periodontitis (PERIO) (> 30% teeth with approximal attachment loss ≥ 5 mm) and 110 patients without periodontitis (NON-PERIO) were recruited in four dental practices in Germany. Clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, plaque, bleeding on probing, and DMFT were measured. Psychopathologic symptoms and socioeconomic status were recorded using self-report questionnaires (DAS, PHQ-8, GAD-7, CTS, SCOFF, AUDIT, FTND, SSS-8, SES). Results The PERIO group reported significantly lower socioeconomic status (Cohen’s d = 0.49) and higher psychopathological symptom burden than the NON-PERIO regarding dental anxiety (d = 0.86) and avoidance behavior, nicotine dependency (d = 0.84), depressiveness (d = 0.46), general anxiety (d = 0.45), somatic symptoms (d = 0.42), and childhood traumatization (d = 0.34). No significant group differences existed for alcohol abuse and eating disorders. Dental anxiety was the strongest predictor of periodontitis and showed significant correlations with other psychopathologies and social status. Conclusions Out of all psychosocial factors, socioeconomic status and dental anxiety showed the greatest association with periodontitis. Clinical relevance Dentists should encourage socially disadvantaged and dentally anxious patients in the utilization of prevention and dental care. Furthermore, physicians and psychotherapists can contribute to the early detection of dental anxiety, oral diseases, and avoidance behavior.

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Aitken, Kenneth John. "It ain't what you do (it's the way that you do it)". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, n.º 4 (24 de junio de 2013): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12002488.

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AbstractKnowledge of the complexity of human communication comes from three main sources – (i) studies of the linguistics and neuropsychology of dysfunction after brain injury; (ii) studies of the development of social communication in infancy, and its dysfunction in developmental psychopathologies; and (iii) the evolutionary history of human communicative interaction. Together, these suggest the need for a broad, integrated theory of communication of which language forms a small but critical component.

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Ritter, R. Hal. "Book Review & Note: Modern Psychopathologies: A Comprehensive Christian Appraisal". Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications 60, n.º 1-2 (marzo de 2006): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154230500606000125.

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Talaei, Ali, Yalda Nahidi, Golsan Kardan, Lida Jarahi, Behzad Aminzadeh, Hasan Jahed Taherani, Mahsa Nahidi y Maliheh Ziaee. "Temperament-Character Profile and Psychopathologies in Patients with Alopecia Areata". Journal of General Psychology 144, n.º 3 (27 de abril de 2017): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2017.1304889.

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