Artículos de revistas: "Pvi"

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Janistyn, B. "Effects of Adenosine-3′: 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) on the Activity of Soluble Protein Kinases in Maize (Zea mays) Coleoptile Homogenates". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 41, n.º 5-6 (1 de junio de 1986): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1986-5-615.

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Seven protein kinases (PI-PVII) from maize (Zea mays) coleoptile homogenates could be detected which phosphorylate a histone-substrate in a polyacrylamide-matrix. The kinases PI, PII and PVI were stimulated by 6 μм cAMP, PHI, PIV and PV were cAMP independent, while PV II was inhibited by 6 μм cAMP.

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Egger, Joseph y Klaus-Peter Hoinka. "Potential Temperature and Potential Vorticity Inversion: Complementary Approaches". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2010): 4001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3532.1.

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Abstract Given the distribution of one atmospheric variable, that of nearly all others can be derived in balanced flow. In particular, potential vorticity inversion (PVI) selects potential vorticity (PV) to derive pressure, winds, and potential temperature θ. Potential temperature inversion (PTI) starts from available θ fields to derive pressure, winds, and PV. While PVI has been applied extensively, PTI has hardly been used as a research tool although the related technical steps are well known and simpler than those needed in PVI. Two idealized examples of PTI and PVI are compared. The 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) datasets are used to determine typical anomalies of PV and θ in the North Atlantic storm-track region. Statistical forms of PVI and PTI are applied to these anomalies. The inversions are equivalent but the results of PTI are generally easier to understand than those of PVI. The issues of attribution and piecewise inversion are discussed.

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Porcaro, Antonio B., Alessandro Tafuri, Marco Sebben, Aliasger Shakir, Giovanni Novella, Marco Pirozzi, Tania Processali et al. "Prostate volume index and prostatic chronic inflammation have an effect on tumor load at baseline random biopsies in patients with normal DRE and PSA values less than 10 ng/ml: results of 564 consecutive cases". Therapeutic Advances in Urology 11 (enero de 2019): 175628721986860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756287219868604.

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Background: To assess the association of prostate volume index (PVI), defined as the ratio of the central transition zone volume (CTZV) to the peripheral zone volume (PZV), and prostatic chronic inflammation (PCI) as predictors of prostate cancer (PCA) load in patients presenting with normal digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ⩽ 10 ng/ml at baseline random biopsies. Methods: Parameters evaluated included age, PSA, total prostate volume (TPV), PSA density (PSAD), PVI and PCI. All patients underwent 14 core transperineal randomized biopsies. We considered small and high PCA load patients with no more than three (limited tumor load) and greater than three (extensive tumor load) positive biopsy cores, respectively. The association of factors with the risk of PCA was evaluated by logistic regression analysis, utilizing different multivariate models. Results: 564 Caucasian patients were included. PCA and PCI were detected in 242 (42.9%) and 129 (22.9%) cases, respectively. On multivariate analysis, PVI and PCI were independent predictors of the risk of detecting limited or extensive tumor load. The risk of detecting extensive tumor load at baseline biopsies was increased by PSAD above the median and third quartile as well as PVI ⩽ 1 [odds ratio (OR)=1.971] but decreased by PCI (OR=0.185; 95% CI: 0.088–0.388). Conclusions: Higher PVI and the presence of PCI predicted decreased PCA risk in patients presenting with normal DRE, and a PSA ⩽ 10 ng/ml at baseline random biopsy. In this subset of patients, a PVI ⩽ or >1 is able to differentiate patients with PCA or PCI.

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Hill, Julie C., Julia A. Graber, Esther Jean-Baptiste y Kelly J. Johnson. "Factors Associated With Attitude-Behavior Conflicts Among Sexually Experienced, Rural, Early Adolescents". Journal of Early Adolescence 39, n.º 1 (27 de agosto de 2017): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431617725194.

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Adolescents’ attitudes predict sexual behavior; therefore, attitudes are targeted in sexually transmitted infection (STI) and pregnancy prevention programs. However, attitudes and behaviors do not always align. Young adolescents who have had penile vaginal intercourse (PVI) and have attitudes supportive of PVI have two risk factors for future health risks while those with attitudes in conflict with PVI experience (i.e., attitudes not supportive of PVI) only have one risk factor, that is, early sexual debut. Rural sixth- to eighth-grade students in southern, central Florida who had PVI experience ( N = 162) completed surveys about their sexual history, substance use, PVI refusal skills, and PVI attitudes. Logistic regressions found that longer time since PVI, never trying other drugs, and better PVI refusal skills predicted higher odds of attitude-behavior conflict; thus, youth with attitude-behavior conflicts have fewer predictors of sexual health risk than those without attitude-behaviors conflicts. Those without attitude-behaviors conflicts likely need more focused and intensive interventions.

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Weinmann, Arndt, Verena Steinle, Sandra Koch, Daniel Pinto dos Santos, Jens Uwe Marquardt, Martin Sprinzl, Hauke Lang et al. "Portal vein infiltration in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: The relevance of correct classification." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2017): e15651-e15651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e15651.

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e15651 Background: Portal vein invasion (PVI) is has a significant impact on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with PVI are classified as stage C in the BCLC score and systemic therapy is recommended. Patients with minor PVI are frequently misclassified due to radiological challenges in determining malignant PVI or non-adherence to guidelines. The concept of resection or TACE in limited PVI is sometimes followed with the assumption of a negligible influence on survival. Aim of this study is the reevaluation of PVI and the analysis of the impact of a misclassification. Methods: 763 patients with HCC of a total of 1413 were extracted from the clinical registry of our tertiary center as an ongoing effort to reevaluate the extent of PVI in all patients treated between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2015. PVI was diagnosed by re-evaluating all available CT or MRI scans by an experienced liver imaging radiologist. PVI was documented using the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan classification ranging from Vp0-Vp4: Vp0 = no PVI; Vp1 = segmental; Vp2 = right anterior or posterior PV; Vp3 = right or left PV; Vp4 = main trunk. The influence on survival was calculated for each BCLC stage. Results: 259 patients (pat) were classified with PVI. Median age at diagnosis was 65.3 years, 213 patients (82.2%) were male. Etiology of liver disease was alcohol (43.6%), viral hepatitis (29.8%), NASH (5.8%), and others (10.4%). No liver disease was present in 18 pat (6.9%). No liver cirrhosis (LCI) was present in 32 pat (12.4%). LCI was classified as Child Pugh stage A/B/C in 65 (25.1%)/109 (42.1%) and 52 (20.1%) of patients. BCLC classification prior to reevaluation in pat with new PVI was A/B/C/D in 9/13/164/71 of cases. Comparing the overall survival (OS) of pat initially classified as BCLC A with or without PVI was 21.3 months vs. 106.4 months (p = 0.001), in BCLC B the OS was 11.0 months vs. 37.7 months (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Even minor PVI leads to dismal prognosis. Meticulous evaluation of cross sectional imaging is crucial for the clinical management of patients with HCC. Once PVI has been diagnosed, such patients have to be classified as advanced stage. The guidelines should be followed closely, irrespective of the extent of PVI.

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Maisey, Nick, Ian Chau, David Cunningham, Andrew Norman, Matt Seymour, Tamas Hickish, Tim Iveson et al. "Multicenter Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Protracted Venous Infusion (PVI) Fluorouracil (5-FU) With PVI 5-FU Plus Mitomycin in Inoperable Pancreatic Cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, n.º 14 (15 de julio de 2002): 3130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.09.029.

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PURPOSE: To compare protracted venous infusion (PVI) fluorouracil (5-FU) with PVI 5-FU plus mitomycin (MMC) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer in a multicenter, prospectively randomized study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred eight patients were randomized to PVI 5-FU (300 mg/m2/d for a maximum of 24 weeks) or PVI 5-FU plus MMC (7 mg/m2 every 6 weeks for four courses). The major end points were tumor response, survival, toxicity, and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS: The two treatment groups were balanced for baseline demographic factors, and 62% had metastatic disease. The overall response rate was 8.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]) 3.2% to 13.7% for patients treated with PVI 5-FU alone compared with 17.6%; 95% CI 10.3% to 25.1% for PVI 5-FU plus MMC (P = .04). Median failure-free survival was 2.8 months for PVI 5-FU and 3.8 months for PVI 5-FU plus MMC (P = .14). Median survival was 5.1 months for PVI 5-FU and 6.5 months for PVI 5-FU plus MMC (P = .34). Toxicities in both arms were mild. There was an increased incidence of neutropenia in the 5-FU plus MMC arm (P < .01), although no differences in infection were seen. No patients developed hemolytic uremic syndrome. Global QOL improved significantly after 24 weeks of treatment compared with baseline for patients receiving 5-FU plus MMC, although there was no statistically significant difference in QOL between arms. CONCLUSION: PVI 5-FU plus MMC resulted in a superior response rate in comparison with PVI 5-FU alone in advanced pancreatic cancer, but this did not translate into a survival advantage. These results emphasize the importance of chemotherapy in this setting and the continuing value of the fluoropyrimidines in pancreatic cancer.

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Sanders, Stephanie A., Brandon J. Hill, William L. Yarber, Cynthia A. Graham, Richard A. Crosby y Robin R. Milhausen. "Misclassification bias: diversity in conceptualisations about having 'had sex'". Sexual Health 7, n.º 1 (2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09068.

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Background: Understanding the signification of the word ‘sex’ has implications for both medical research and clinical practice. Little is known about how people of varying ages define sex and how situational qualifiers influence definitions across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a representative sample to assess attitudes about which sexual behaviours constitute having ‘had sex’ and to examine possible mediating factors (gender, age, giving/receiving stimulation, male ejaculation, female orgasm, condom use or brevity). Methods: A telephone survey of English-speaking residents of Indiana (USA) using random-digit-dialling produced a final sample of 204 men and 282 women (n = 486) ranging in age from 18 to 96 years. Questions assessed the respondents’ attitudes on manual-genital (MG), oral-genital (OG), penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) and penile-anal intercourse (PAI) behaviours. Results: There was no universal consensus on which behaviours constituted having ‘had sex’. More than 90% responded ‘yes’ to PVI but one in five responded ‘no’ to PAI, three in 10 responded ‘no’ to OG and about half endorsed MG. Fewer endorsed PVI with no male ejaculation (89.1%) compared with PVI without a qualifier (94.8%, P < 0.001). MG was endorsed more often when received (48.1%) than given (44.9%, P < 0.001). Among men, the oldest and youngest age groups were significantly less likely to believe certain behaviours constituted having ‘had sex’. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to use behaviour-specific terminology in sexual history taking, sex research, sexual health promotion and sex education. Researchers, educators and medical practitioners should exercise caution and not assume that their own definitions of having ‘had sex’ are shared by their research participants or patients.

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Takizawa, Hideo, Thea Gabra-Sanders y J. Douglas Miller. "Variations in pressure-volume index and CSF outflow resistance at different locations in the feline craniospinal axis". Journal of Neurosurgery 64, n.º 2 (febrero de 1986): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.2.0298.

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✓ Pressure volume index (PVI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow resistance (Ro) were estimated in spontaneously breathing anestheized cats by the bolus injection test under normal conditions and also under abnormal conditions produced by slow infusion of saline into the CSF space. Bolus injections were made separately into the lumbar subarachnoid space, cisterna magna, and lateral ventricle. The mean PVI values in the lumbar sac, cisterna magna, and lateral ventricle under normal conditions were 0.70, 0.71, and 0.64 ml, respectively; not significantly different from each other. Saline infusion lowered PVI significantly at every site; PVI values in the lumbar sac, cisterna magna, and lateral ventricle were 0.54, 0.52, and 0.53 ml, respectively; not significantly different from each other. Indirect values of PVI were calculated from the pressure responses observed at sites other than where the bolus had been injected. These indirect PVI values were always greater than PVI at the injection site under normal conditions, but differences between direct and indirect PVI values were abolished during saline loading of the CSF space. The Ro was estimated under normal conditions in the lumbar sac, cisterna magna, and lateral ventricle to be 81.6, 85.6, and 110.3 mm Hg/ml/min, respectively. The lateral ventricle Ro was significantly higher than at other places. These findings suggest that, when there is no blockage in the craniospinal axis, the pressure response to a bolus change in CSF volume is freely transmitted, direct measurements of PVI are independent of location, and indirect measurements are larger because of “buffering” in the CSF space. When PVI is lowered and buffering capacity is exhausted, these differences between direct and indirect PVI values disappear.

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Gray, W. John y Michael J. Rosner. "Pressure-volume index as a function of cerebral perfusion pressure". Journal of Neurosurgery 67, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1987): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.67.3.0369.

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✓ The pressure-volume index (PVI) was measured as a function of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in 12 adult cats. Anesthesia was induced with methohexital in six animals and with pentobarbital in six animals; all were maintained on an N2O:O2 (70%:30%) mixture. The CPP was either increased in 10-torr increments using norepinephrine or decreased by a combination of adenosine triphosphate and hemorrhage in subgroups. Three estimations of PVI were made at each level of CPP. The PaCO2, body temperature, and hematocrit were controlled at normal levels throughout. In both groups there was a linear relationship between PVI and CPP with increasing CPP being reflected by a rise in PVI. This relationship was more marked in the methohexital group: PVI = 0.37 ml + 0.0005 mm Hg CPP in the pentobarbital group, and PVI = 0.14 ml + 0.0019 mm Hg CPP in the methohexital group. These results indicate that the PVI is not independent of CPP but is a function of CPP and is profoundly influenced by anesthesia.

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Dincic, Dragan, Ognjen Gudelj, Ivica Djuric y Milan Marinkovic. "Pulmonary veins isolation in a patient with atrial fibrillation and pronounced vagal response: Is it enough?" Vojnosanitetski pregled 74, n.º 5 (2017): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160212081d.

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Introduction. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by antral circumferential ablation is the standard procedure for patients with symptomatic and drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). In some patients addition of ganglionated plexi (GP) modification in anatomic locations to PVI confers significantly better outcomes than PVI alone. Case report. We reported a patient with paroxysmal, symptomatic AF and severe bradycardia a month prior to ablation. The patient was treated with antiarrhythmic drugs without success. Because of severe bradicardia the patient was implanted with a temporary pace maker two days before PVI. During PVI the decision was made to also do a modification of the left GP. Three months after the procedure the patients was in stable sinus rhythm without any symptoms. Conclusion. In selected patients with paroxysmal AF and pronounced vagal response PVI by circumferential antral ablation combined with GP modification during single ablation procedure can produce higher success rates than PVI or GP ablation alone.

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Scherschel, Katharina, Katja Hedenus, Christiane Jungen, Paula Münkler, Stephan Willems, Omar Anwar, Niklas Klatt, Christian Eickholt y Christian Meyer. "Impact of the ablation technique on release of the neuronal injury marker S100B during pulmonary vein isolation". EP Europace 22, n.º 10 (23 de agosto de 2020): 1502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaa159.

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Abstract Aims S100B, a well-known damage-associated molecular pattern protein is released acutely by central and peripheral nerves and upon concomitant denervation in pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). We aimed to investigate whether the ablation technique used for PVI impacts S100B release in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and results The study population consisted of 73 consecutive patients (age: 62.7 ± 10.9 years, 54.8% males) undergoing first-time PVI with either radiofrequency (RF; n = 30) or cryoballoon (CB; n = 43) for paroxysmal AF. S100B determined from venous plasma samples taken immediately before and after PVI increased from 33.5 ± 1.8 to 91.1 ± 5.3 pg/mL (P < 0.0001). S100B release in patients undergoing CB-PVI was 3.9 times higher compared to patients with RF-PVI (ΔS100B: 21.1 ± 2.7 vs. 83.1 ± 5.2 pg/mL, P < 0.0001). During a mean follow-up of 314 ± 186 days, AF recurrences were observed in 18/71 (25.4%) patients (RF-PVI: n = 9/28, CB-PVI: n = 9/43). Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that an increase in S100B was associated with higher freedom from AF in follow-up (hazard ratio per 10 pg/mL release of S100B: 0.83; 95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.95; P = 0.007). Conclusion The ablation technique used for PVI has an impact on the release of S100B, a well-established biomarker for neural damage.

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Yorgun, Hikmet, Uğur Canpolat, Metin Okşul, Yusuf Ziya Şener, Ahmet Hakan Ateş, Harry J. G. M. Crijns y Kudret Aytemir. "Long-term outcomes of cryoballoon-based left atrial appendage isolation in addition to pulmonary vein isolation in persistent atrial fibrillation". EP Europace 21, n.º 11 (22 de agosto de 2019): 1653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz232.

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Abstract Aims Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is not as successful as in paroxysmal AF, and recent data indicate the key role of non-PV triggers. We aimed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage isolation (LAAi) as an adjunct to PVI using cryoballoon (CB) in persistent AF. Methods and results We compared 144 persistent AF patients (59 ± 10 years, 51% females) who underwent PVI combined with LAAi with a propensity-score matched cohort of 138 persistent AF patients (59 ± 6 years, 52% female) in whom PVI-only was performed. Baseline and follow-up data including electrocardiography (ECG), 24-h Holter ECG’s, and echocardiography were recorded for all patients. Atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) recurrence was defined as detection of AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia (≥30 s) after a 3-month blanking period. At a mean of 30.5 ± 5.6 months follow-up, 85 (61.6%) patients in the PVI-only group and 109 (75.7%) patients in the PVI+LAAi group were free of ATa after the index procedure (P = 0.008). Ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack was detected in 4 (2.9%) patients in PVI-only group and in 5 (3.5%) patients in the PVI+LAAi group (P = 0.784). Cox regression analysis revealed that the PVI-only strategy was found as a significant predictor for recurrence (hazard ratio 3.01, 95% confidence interval 1.81–5.03; P < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings indicated that CB-based LAAi+PVI was associated with a favourable efficacy compared to PVI-only strategy in patients with persistent AF. Although ischaemic event rates were similar between the groups, rigorous adherence to anticoagulation regime is paramount in order to prevent thrombo-embolic complications.

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Tapilskaya, N. I., K. V. Ob’edkova, I. O. Krikheli, L. Sh Tsechoeva y R. I. Glushakov. "Persistent human papillomavirus infection in the genesis of reproductive losses. Prospects for therapy". Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, n.º 3 (15 de abril de 2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-3-8-17.

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Viral pandemics have shown that infected pregnant women are at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current evidence suggests that a pregnant woman’s immune system undergoes a transformation necessary to maintain pregnancy and fetal growth. The prevalence of human papillomavirus (PVI) is high, and its role in adverse pregnancy outcomes and reproductive loss is highly controversial. About 90% of cases of persistent human papillomavirus infection (PVI) are eliminated within one to two years. The role of the immune system in the elimination and persistence of PVI has been proven; however, there is no clear understanding of the mechanisms whereby PVI infected cells escape immune surveillance up to the present day. In addition, the immune mechanisms underlying the PVI persistence constitute a pathogenetic basis for the development of mechanisms of infertility, miscarriage and pregnancy pathology. Genetic polymorphism of the mother and the developing fetus, persistent PVI types and microbial landscape are modulating factors with an unexplained contribution in the transformation of quantity of introduced influences into the qualitative change in the biological state. The foreign and Russian research results analysed by the authors show that timely and adequate therapy of PVI may contribute to the preservation of reproductive potential and prevention of obstetric losses. The modern approach to the treatment of persistent PVI suggests the use of antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy. Due to its immunomodulatory and antiviral properties, inosine pranobex is used to treat viral diseases such as PVI, herpes simplex viruses, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and influenza.

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Kosteljanetz, Michael. "Pressure-volume conditions in patients with subarachnoid and/or intraventricular hemorrhage". Journal of Neurosurgery 63, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1985): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.63.3.0398.

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✓ Pressure-volume conditions were studied in 17 patients with subarachnoid and/or intraventricular hemorrhage, who underwent continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The pressure-volume index (PVI) technique was used. The interrelationship between the ICP pulse amplitude and compliance was also examined. All patients were admitted in Hunt and Hess Grades II to V, and 11 had a proven aneurysm. The ICP was above 15 mm Hg in all patients during some part of the monitoring period. The pressure-volume conditions were abnormal in all patients. Median PVI was 12.7 ml (5.8 to 40.0 ml). The PVI did not correlate with ICP; the PVI based on bolus injection was significantly greater than PVI based on fluid withdrawal. The ICP pulse amplitude varied from 1.5 to 15 mm Hg and rose concomitantly with increasing ICP. Considering the pulsatile shift in intracranial blood volume as an endogenous bolus that increases ICP from the diastolic (Pdiast) to the systolic (Psyst) level, an equation was derived from the PVI model that describes the relationship between the Psyst:Pdiast ratio and the PVI.

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Moon, Jeong-Lim, Jang-Cheol Sihn y Myung-Sang Moon. "EFFECT OF POVIDONE-IODINE ON THE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE OF THE KNEE JOINT IN RATS". Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 04, n.º 04 (diciembre de 2000): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957700000276.

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The effect of two different concentrations of povidone-iodine (PVI) solution, an antiseptic, on joint synovium was investigated. In Group I, 0.05 ml of 10% PVI was used, while in Group II, 0.05 ml of 2.5% of PVI was used. PVI solution was injected twice into both knee joints with one week interval. Ten rats were used as control and 70 rats as experimental. In the two experimental groups four rats were sacrificed after 6, 12, 24 hours and three day and six rats at the end of the week after the second PVI injection. Synovial reaction was assessed histologically in both groups, based on the pathological parameters. The results suggest that intra-articular injection of 10% and 2.5% PVI induces synovitis with focal ulceration which gradually subsides, and finally, the synovium becomes normal, though various degrees of subsynovial dense fibrosis complication arise.

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Braverman, Albert, Anupama Nehra, Peter Gillette, Jeremy Weedon, Deidre McGagh, Tracy Olivier, Gary Gwertzman y Jonathan Deitch. "Correlation between Leg Ulceration and Perforator Venous Insufficiency (PVI) in Patients (Pts) with Sickle Cell Disease (SSD)." Blood 104, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2004): 3725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3725.3725.

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Abstract Chronic or recurrent leg ulceration occurs in 25% of adult SSD pts, but as many as 75% never develop leg ulcers. PVI correlates with leg ulceration in non-SSD pts. We studied 46 SSD pts: 40 with hemoglobin (Hb) SS, 3 with sickle-b thalassemia, 2 with Hb SC and 1 with Hb SD. Chronic and/or recurrent leg ulceration was present on at least 1 leg of 25/46 (ulcer+) and absent in 21/46 (ulcer-) SSD pts. Their ages ranged from 19–67 years, with a median of 31. Using color-flow venous duplex (7–5 mega-Herz probe; Advanced Technology Laboratory 5000), the status of perforator veins in both legs of each pt was determined (only one of a single pt’s two ulcerated legs was studied). Perforator veins were considered incompetent (PVI) if their diameter was >3 mm, and their reflux times were >0.35 seconds. For the 36/91 ulcer+ and 55/91 ulcer- legs, there was a significant association between PVI and ulceration in the same leg (generalized mixed linear model, p=0.002). Estimated probability of ulceration in a non-PVI leg was 0.20 (95% confidence interval [0.10, 0.36]); estimated probability of ulceration in a PVI leg was 0.61 (95% CI [0.41, 0.79]). Odds ratio was 6.2 (95% CI [2.0, 19]). The prevalence of ulceration in either leg, among 22 pts with PVI in at least 1 leg, was compared with that among 23 pts with PVI in neither leg (omitting the pt with one unstudied leg). There was significant association between ulceration in either leg and PVI in either leg (Fisher’s exact test p<0.001). Estimated probability of ulceration in either leg when neither leg had PVI was 0.22 (95% confidence interval [0.07, 0.44]); estimated probability of ulceration in either leg when either leg had PVI was 0.86 (95% CI [0.65, 0.97]). Odds ratio was 23 (95% CI [4.7, 110]). PVI may be involved in the pathogenesis of leg ulceration in pts with SSD.

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Hajas, Orsolya, Zsuzsa Bagoly, Noémi K. Tóth, Réka Urbancsek, Alexandra Kiss, Kitti B. Kovács, Ferenc Sarkady et al. "Intracardiac Fibrinolysis and Endothelium Activation Related to Atrial Fibrillation Ablation with Different Techniques". Cardiology Research and Practice 2020 (12 de febrero de 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1570483.

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Objective. The effect of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) on fibrinolytic and endothelial activation with currently applied periprocedural anticoagulation has not been explored. We measured markers of fibrinolysis and endothelium activation before and after PVI with the second-generation cryoballoon (Cryo), pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC-Gold), and irrigated radiofrequency (IRF). Methods. Markers of fibrinolysis and endothelium activation in left atrial (LA) blood samples were measured in 31 patients before and after PVI (Cryo:10, PVAC-Gold: 7, IRF: 14). Periprocedural anticoagulation included uninterrupted vitamin K antagonist and iv heparin (ACT≥300 sec) during LA dwelling. Results. Levels of D-dimer (median; interquartile range, mgFEU/L) increased with all techniques (PVAC: 0.34; 0.24–0.50 versus 0.70; 0.61–1.31; p=0.0313, Cryo: 0.33; 0.28–0.49 versus 0.79; 0.65–0.93; p=0.0078; IRF 0.33; 0.21–0.44 versus 0.83; 0.56–1.21; p=0.0001). PAP complex level (ng/ml) increased after Cryo (247.3, 199.9–331.6 versus 270.9, 227.9–346.7; p=0.0020) and IRF (265.3; 202.0–800.1 versus 325.6, 250.2–701.9; p=0.0166), but not after PVAC (p=0.2969). PAI-1 activity (%) decreased with the PVAC (1.931; 0.508–3.859 versus 0.735, 0.240–2.707; p=0.0313) and Cryo (0.361; 0.080–1.575 versus 0.378; 0.111–0.915; p=0.0313). A similar trend was observed with IRF (p=0.0676). Both VWF antigen levels and FVIII activity increased after PVI with all the 3 techniques. The levels of soluble VCAM-1 (ng/ml) did not change after PVAC procedures, but increased after Cryo (542, 6; 428.5–753.1 versus 619.2; 499.8–799.0; p=0.0005) and IRF (679.3; 505.0–744.7 versus 770.9; 631.9–894.0; p<0.0001). Conclusion. PVI with contemporary ablation techniques and periprocedural antithrombotic treatment induces coagulation and endothelium activation of similar magnitude with different ablation methods.

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Bedi, Parvinder Singh, Bhavna Pahwa, Bhavna Hooda y Deepak Dwivedi. "Plethysmographic variability index as a tool to assess fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients: a correlation study with inferior vena cava distensibility index". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, n.º 12 (27 de noviembre de 2019): 4663. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20195535.

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Background: In critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), early aggressive fluid replacement is the cornerstone of resuscitation. Traditionally employed static measures of fluid responsiveness have a poor predictive value. It is therefore imperative to employ dynamic measures of fluid responsiveness that take into account the heart lung interactions in the mechanically ventilated patients. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of one such non-invasive dynamic index: Plethysmographic variability index (PVI) compared to the widely employed Inferior vena cava distensibility index (dIVC).Methods: Seventy-six adult patients admitted at a tertiary care mixed ICU, who developed hypotension (MAP<65mmHg), were included in the study. PVI was recorded using the MASIMO-7 monitor and dIVC measurements done using Terason ultrasound. Based on the dIVC measurement threshold of 18%, the patients were classified into volume responders and non-responders. The hemodynamic, PVI and dIVC measurements were recorded at pre specified time points following a fluid challenge of 20 ml/kg crystalloid infusion.Results: Baseline PVI values were significantly higher in the responders (22.3±8.2) compared to non-responders (10.1±2.9) (p<0.001) and showed a declining trend at all time points in the responders. Similar declining trend was observed in the dIVC measurements. Overall, the Pearson correlation graph showed strong correlation between dIVC and PVI values at all time points (r=0.678, p=0.001). The ROC curve between the dIVC and PVI values revealed that Baseline PVI (Pre PVI) >15.5% discriminated between responders and non-responders with a 90.2% sensitivity and 75% specificity with an AUC of 0.84 (0.72-0.96) (p<0.001).Conclusions: There is good correlation between PVI values and measured dIVC values at baseline and following a fluid challenge. Thus, PVI may be an acceptable, real time, continuous, surrogate measure of fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients.

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Cichoń, Małgorzata, Maciej Wybraniec, Magdalena Mizia-Szubryt y Katarzyna Mizia-Stec. "Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Qualified for Pulmonary Vein Isolation: A Negative Prognostic Factor for Catheter Ablation Efficacy". Medicina 57, n.º 8 (3 de agosto de 2021): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080798.

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Background and Objectives: Functional mitral regurgitation (F-MR) observed in patients with atrial fibrillation could affect the effectiveness of the sinus rhythm restoring procedures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of F-MR on pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) efficacy in patient with preserved ejection fraction (EF). Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-six patients with EF ≥ 50% (65.4% males; mean age 56 ± 11 years) with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF qualified for PVI were enrolled into the study. F-MR assessment was performed in transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography before the PVI procedure. PVI efficacy was evaluated in three-month and long-term follow-up. Results: F-MR was diagnosed in 74.3% patient in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) (trace: 26.5%, mild: 43.4%, moderate: 3.7%, severe 0.7%) and 94.9% in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (trace: 17.6%, mild: 59.6%, moderate: 16.2%, severe: 1.5%). The PVI three-month efficacy was 75.7% in the three-month and 64% in the long-term observation. Severe F-MR in TEE at baseline was associated with lower three-month PVI efficacy (p = 0.012), while moderate to severe F-MR in TEE was related to inefficient PVI assessed in long-term follow-up (p = 0.041). Conclusions: Significant F-MR confirmed by TEE predicts three-month as well as long-term PVI efficacy.

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Gray, W. John y Michael J. Rosner. "Pressure-volume index as a function of cerebral perfusion pressure". Journal of Neurosurgery 67, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1987): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.67.3.0377.

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✓ The pressure-volume index (PVI) was measured in six adult cats while cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was reduced from normal levels to below the autoregulatory range by a continuous infusion of adenosine triphosphate. Anesthesia was induced with methohexital and maintained with an N2O:O2 (70%:30%) mixture. Body temperature, hematocrit, and PaCO2 were held constant throughout each experiment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the hydrogen clearance method. At CPP levels over 50 mm Hg, CBF remained relatively constant despite changes in CPP. Within this range, the PVI varied directly with CPP (PVI = 0.24 ml + 0.0013 mm Hg CPP). Below the autoregulatory range, CBF fell progressively with further decreases in CPP; in this range, PVI was found to increase as CPP fell (PVI = 0.84 ml − 0.0071 mm Hg CPP). These results indicate that the PVI is a complex function of CPP, varying directly with CPP within the autoregulatory range and indirectly with CPP below the autoregulatory range.

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Zeljkovic, Ivan, Sven Knecht, Christian Sticherling, Michael Kühne, Stefan Osswald, Beat Schaer, Tobias Reichlin y Florian Spies. "High-sensitivity cardiac Troponin T delta concentration after repeat pulmonary vein isolation". Biochemia medica 29, n.º 2 (14 de abril de 2019): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2019.020902.

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Introduction: Difference between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T concentrations (hs-cTnT) before and after ablation procedure (delta concentration) reflects the amount of myocardial injury. The aim of the study was to investigate hs-cTnT prognostic power for predicting atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after repeat pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedure. Materials and methods: Consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing repeat PVI using a focal radiofrequency catheter were included in the study. Hs-cTnT was measured before and 18-24 hours after the procedure. Standardized 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up was performed. Cox-regression analysis was used to identify predictors of AF recurrence. Results: A total of 105 patients undergoing repeat PVI were analysed (24% female, median age 61 years). Median (interquartile range) hs-cTnT delta after repeat PVI was 283 (127 - 489) ng/L. After a median follow-up of 12 months, AF recurred in 24 (23%) patients. A weak linear relationship between the total radiofrequency energy delivery time and delta hs-cTnT was observed (Pearson R2 = 0.31, P = 0.030). Delta Hs-cTnT was not identified as a significant long-term predictor of AF recurrence after repeated PVI (P = 0.920). Conclusion: This was the first study evaluating the prognostic power of delta hs-cTnT in predicting AF recurrence after repeat PVI. Delta hs-cTnT does not predict AF recurrence after repeat PVI procedures. Systematic measurement of hs-cTnT after repeat PVI does not add information relevant to outcome.

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Davies, BM y HC Patel. "Does chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine preoperative antisepsis reduce surgical site infection in cranial neurosurgery?" Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 98, n.º 6 (julio de 2016): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0143.

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Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is a significant cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Effective preoperative antisepsis is a recognised prophylactic, with commonly used agents including chlorhexidine (CHG) and povidone-iodine (PVI). However, there is emerging evidence to suggest an additional benefit when they are used in combination. Methods We analysed data from our prospective SSI database on patients undergoing clean cranial neurosurgery between October 2011 and April 2014. We compared the case-mix adjusted odds of developing a SSI in patients undergoing skin preparation with CGH or PVI alone or in combination. Results SSIs were detected in 2.6% of 1146 cases. Antisepsis with PVI alone was performed in 654 (57%) procedures, while 276 (24%) had CHG alone and 216 (19%) CHG and PVI together. SSIs were associated with longer operating time (p<0.001) and younger age (p=0.03). Surgery type (p<0.001) and length of operation (p<0.001) were significantly different between antisepsis groups. In a binary logistic regression model, CHG and PVI was associated with a significant reduction in the likelihood of developing an SSI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.63) than either agent alone. There was no difference in SSI rates between CHG and PVI alone (AOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.24–1.5). Conclusions Combination skin preparation with CHG and PVI significantly reduced SSI rates compared to CHG or PVI alone. A prospective, randomized study validating these findings is now warranted.

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Porcaro, Antonio B., Giovanni Novella, Alberto Molinari, Alessandro Terrin, Anila Minja, Vincenzo De Marco, Guido Martignoni et al. "Prostate Volume Index and Chronic Inflammation of the Prostate Type IV with Respect to the Risk of Prostate Cancer". Urologia Internationalis 94, n.º 3 (27 de agosto de 2014): 270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000362176.

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Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (PCA) alter the normal growth patterns of zonal anatomy with changes of prostate volume (PV). Chronic inflammatory infiltrates (CII) type IV are the most common non-cancer diagnosis of the prostate after biopsy. Objective: To evaluate associations of both PV index (PVI), i.e. the ratio of transitional zone volume (TZV) to peripheral zone volume (PZV), and CII with PCA in patients undergoing biopsy. Subjects and Methods: Between January 2007 and December 2008, 268 consecutive patients who underwent prostate biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. PV and TZV were measured by transrectal ultrasound. PZV was computed by subtracting the PV from the TZV. CII were evaluated according to standard criteria. Significant associations of PVI and the presence of CII (CII+) with PCA risk were assessed by statistical methods. Results and Limitations: We evaluated 251 patients after excluding cases with painful rectal examinations, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 μg/ml and metastases. The PCA detection rate was 41.1%. PVI was a negative independent predictor of PCA. A PVI ≤1.0 was directly [odds ratio (OR) = 2.36] associated with PCA, which was detected more frequently in patients with a PVI ≤1.0 (29.1%) than in those with a PVI >1.0 (11.9%). CII+ was inversely (OR = 0.57) and independently associated with PCA, which was detected less frequently in cases with CII (9.9%) than in those without CII (21.1%). Potential study limitations might relate to the fact that PV was not measured by prostatectomy specimens and there was PSA confounding for CII and PCA. Conclusions: Low values of PVI are directly associated with risk of PCA, which was almost 2.5 times higher in patients with a PVI ≤1.0. The PVI might be an effective parameter for clustering patients at risk of PCA. CII+ was inversely associated with risk of PCA and decreased the probability of detecting PCA by 43%. The role of the PVI and CII in PCA carcinogenesis needs further research.

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Porcaro, Antonio B., Paolo Corsi, Nicolò de Luyk, Marco Sebben, Alessandro Tafuri, Leonardo Bizzotto, Giovanni Cacciamani et al. "Prostate Volume Index Stratified Prostate Cancer Risk in Patients Elected to a First Random Biopsy Set". Tumori Journal 103, n.º 4 (28 de febrero de 2017): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/tj.5000607.

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Objective To investigate prostate volume index (PVI), defined as the ratio of volume of the transitional zone on that of the peripheral zone, as a factor stratifying prostate cancer (PCA) risk in patients elected to a first random biopsy set. Methods The study evaluated 596 patients who were elected to a first random biopsy set because of suspected PCA in a period between September 2010 and September 2015. Prostate volume index was dichotomized to PVI ≤1 vs PVI >1. The multivariate logistic regression model investigated clinical factors with dichotomized PVI associating with PCA. Results The detection rate of PCA was 49%. The dichotomized PVI >1 stratified PCA risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.455; p<0.0001) beyond age (OR 1.062; p<0.0001), PSA (OR 1.167; p<0.0001), PV (OR 0.957; p<0.0001), and abnormal digital rectal examination (OR 2.094; p<0.0001). The goodness of fit statistics assessed model efficacy. Conclusions A large cohort of patients elected to a first random biopsy set had PCA risk stratified by dichotomized PVI beyond other clinical independent factors. Confirmatory studies are required.

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Dang, Changying, Jiansu Li, Zhiqiang Zeng, Wenhua Du y Rijun Wang. "Improving the robustness of DI and PVI further using fast guided filter on radiographic images". Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 63, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2021): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2021.63.7.409.

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To further improve the robustness of the weld defect index (DI) and peak-valley index (PVI), which are key indices for detecting weld defects in radiographic testing (RT) images accurately and reliably, a robust improvement method is proposed, in which a fast guided filter (Fast-GF) is introduced and its effect on the DI and PVI is analysed. In this paper, the principle of the proposed robust improvement method, the related theory of Fast-GF, the definition and the calculational method of the DI and PVI are systematically analysed. Taking some practical RT images from industrial welding as an example, smoothing experiments with different filters and comparative computational experiments for the DI and PVI both with and without Fast-GF are carried out. The experimental results show that the robustness of the DI and PVI is further improved by the proposed robust improvement method, which is a desirable outcome. More specifically, the values of the DI and PVI are computed accurately and reliably regardless of some non-uniform distribution of grey levels, noise, irregular surfaces and artefacts in the RT images.

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Grieco, Domenico, Zefferino Palamà, Alessio Borrelli, Ermenegildo De Ruvo, Luigi Sciarra, Antonio Scarà, Emilia Goanta et al. "Diabetes mellitus and atrial remodelling in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Role of electroanatomical mapping and catheter ablation". Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 15, n.º 3 (16 de enero de 2018): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164117752492.

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Complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) are related to atrial fibrosis, but their ablation has not yet shown superiority. The aim of the study was to compare, in terms of clinical outcome, two strategies of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM): pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) vs. PVI + CFAEs. Compared to an historical population of patient with paroxysmal AF and without DM, a higher percentage of patients with DM showed more than 25% of atrial area interested by CFAEs (study population, 58% vs historical group, 15%; p < 0.05). In PVI group, recurrences rate was similar in patients with HbA1c ⩽ 7.5% vs HbA1c > 7.5% (30% vs 22%; p = not significant), but a greater AF burden was observed in patients with HbA1c > 7.5% (6 ± 2 vs 1 ± 2; p < 0.05). In hazard ratios analysis PVI+CFAEs seems more effective than PVI alone in patients with HbA1c > 7.5% (hazard ratio, 1.28; p < 0.05), more than 25 years from DM diagnosis (hazard ratio, 1.25; p < 0.05) and more than five AF episodes/year (hazard ratio, 1.2; p < 0.05). Type 1 DM patients had complex atrial ‘substrate’, as documented by wider CFAEs areas. Despite this, 1-year follow-up recurrence rate was similar between two ablation approaches (PVI 27% vs. PVI+CFAEs 21%; p = not significant). In our study, only specific subgroups, like patients with disglycaemic state (HbA1c > 7.5%), long diabetes mellitus history and high AF burden, benefit from PVI+ CFAEs approach.

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Tans, Joseph T. J. y Dick C. J. Poortvliet. "Relationship between compliance and resistance to outflow of CSF in adult hydrocephalus". Journal of Neurosurgery 71, n.º 1 (julio de 1989): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.71.1.0059.

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✓ Resistance to outflow of cerebrospinal fluid (Rcsf) was determined by constant flow infusions and pressure-volume index (PVI) using bolus infusions in 114 patients with various types of hydrocephalus. A clear correlation was found between PVI and Rcsf and, to a lesser degree, between these two parameters and baseline pressure. The PVI was not related to patient's age, duration of disease, type of hydrocephalus, or ventricular size, indicating that the relationship between PVI and Rcsf was genuine and not caused by patient selection. It is concluded that, in adult hydrocephalus, compliance is not an independent parameter but chiefly determined by Rcsf.

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Azzam, Zaher S., Diab Farhat, Eyal Braun y Norberto Krivoy. "Seizures: An Unusual Complication of Intrapleural Povidone–Iodine Irrigation". Journal of Pharmacy Technology 19, n.º 2 (marzo de 2003): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250301900204.

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Objective: To report a case of seizures that probably developed because of the disinfectant and antiseptic agent povidone iodine (PVI). Case Summary: A 67-year-old healthy white man developed pleural empyema that was treated with drainage and intrapleural PVI irrigation. Within 10 minutes, complex partial seizures with secondary generalization lasting several minutes were documented. Several hours later, the patient developed a similar episode. Both events resolved spontaneously and, in 10 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence. Discussion: The adverse effects of iodine are known; however, little has been reported about seizures following the administration of PVI. This complication is thought to be due to either the osmotic and hydrophilic qualities or the presence of ionic changes and lipid solubility of PVI. Conclusions: Intracavitary PVI should be considered in the differential diagnosis of localized and generalized seizures.

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García-de-Acilu, Marina, Andrés Pacheco, Manel Santafé, Francisco-Javier Ramos, Juan C. Ruiz-Rodríguez, Ricard Ferrer y Oriol Roca. "Pleth variability index may predict preload responsiveness in patients treated with nasal high flow: a physiological study". Journal of Applied Physiology 130, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2021): 1660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00614.2020.

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This is the first study that analyzes the use of noninvasive plethysmographic variability index (PVi) for preload assessment in patients treated with nasal high flow (NHF). Its results showed that PVi might identify preload responders. Therefore, PVi may be used in the day-to-day clinical decision-making process in critically ill patients treated with NHF, helping to provide adequate resuscitation volume.

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Jiang, Ruhong, Minglong Chen, Bing Yang, Qiang Liu, Zuwen Zhang, Fengxiang Zhang, Weizhu Ju et al. "Intraprocedural endpoints to predict durable pulmonary vein isolation: a randomized trial of four post-ablation techniques". EP Europace 22, n.º 4 (14 de noviembre de 2019): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz301.

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Abstract Aims The optimal procedural endpoint to achieve permanent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) during ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown. We aimed to compare the impact of prolonged waiting periods and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing after PVI on long-term freedom from AF. Methods and results In total, 538 patients (median age 61 years, 62% male) undergoing first-time radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal AF were randomized into four groups: Group 1 [PVI (no testing), n = 121], Group 2 (PVI + 30min waiting phase, n = 151), Group 3 (PVI+ATP, n = 131), and Group 4 (PVI + 30min+ATP, n = 135). The primary endpoint was freedom from AF. Repeat mapping to assess for late pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection was performed in patients who remained AF-free for >3 years (n = 46) and in those who had repeat ablation for AF recurrence (n = 82). During initial procedure, acute PV reconnection was observed in 33%, 26%, and 42% of patients in Groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. At 36 months, no significant differences in freedom from AF recurrence were observed among all four groups (55%, 61%, 50%, and 62% for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; P = 0.258). Late PV reconnection was commonly observed, with a similar incidence between patients with and without AF recurrence (74% vs. 83%; P = 0.224). Conclusion Although PVI remains the cornerstone for AF ablation, intraprocedural techniques to assess for PV reconnection did not improve long-term success. Patients without AF recurrence after 3 years exhibited similarly high rates of PV reconnection as those that underwent repeat ablation for AF recurrence. The therapeutic mechanisms of AF ablation may not be solely predicated upon durable PVI.

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Hu, Chun-Hsiang, Tien-Huan Hsu, Kuan-Sheng Chen, Wei-Ming Lee y Hsien-Chi Wang. "PLETH VARIABILITY INDEX-GUIDED FLUID THERAPY LOWERS POST-OPERATIVE LACTATE LEVELS IN DOGS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE ABDOMINAL SURGERY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL". Taiwan Veterinary Journal 44, n.º 01 (marzo de 2018): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s168264851750010x.

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To evaluate the hemodynamic optimization effect of pleth variability index (PVI)-guided fluid therapy during abdominal surgery on tissue perfusion, 19 client-owned dogs that underwent elective abdominal surgery were randomized into control ([Formula: see text]) and PVI ([Formula: see text]) groups. In the control group, perioperative fluid management was based on the 2013 AAHA/AAFP Fluid Therapy Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. In the PVI group, the fluid rate was maintained based on basic daily requirements. If PVI was higher than 15% for [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]min, 3–5[Formula: see text]mL/kg of crystalloid fluid bolus was infused. The tissue perfusion indicator, lactate levels, was measured at the time of intubation, extubation, and 6, 12 and 24[Formula: see text]h postoperatively. There were no significant differences in total and average fluid infused between control and PVI groups. The control group had significantly higher lactate levels than that of the PVI group at 12[Formula: see text]h postoperatively ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mmol/L versus [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mmol/L, [Formula: see text]) and overall postoperatively ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mmol/L versus [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mmol/L, [Formula: see text]). The control group revealed more profound hemodilution, as indicated by significantly decreased postoperative blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and total protein. PVI-guided fluid therapy lowers lactate levels after elective abdominal surgery in dogs. Therefore, based on the result of this study PVI may provide customized fluid therapy to improve tissue perfusion and avoid unnecessary fluid overload.

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Cordes, Friederike, Christian Ellermann, Dirk G. Dechering, Gerrit Frommeyer, Simon Kochhäuser, Philipp S. Lange, Christian Pott et al. "Time-to-isolation-guided cryoballoon ablation reduces oesophageal and mediastinal alterations detected by endoscopic ultrasound: results of the MADE-PVI trial". EP Europace 21, n.º 9 (29 de mayo de 2019): 1325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz142.

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Abstract Aims Cryoballoon ablation is safe and efficient for achieving pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in atrial fibrillation. Structural oesophago-mediastinal lesions, which seem to be associated with an increased risk of the lethal complication of an atrio-oesophageal fistula, have been described. MADE-PVI (Mediastino-oesophageal Alterations Detected by Endosonography after PVI) aimed at evaluating safety of cryoballoon PVI in relation to two different freeze protocols. As time-to-isolation-(TTI)-guided protocol has been reported to be as effective as conventional ‘two freeze protocol’, we hypothesized a TTI-guided protocol causes less oesophago-mediastinal lesions. Methods and results Seventy consecutive patients were scheduled for cryoballoon (2nd generation) PVI employing either a conventional protocol (n = 35: 2 × 180 s per vein) or a TTI-guided approach (n = 35: TTI + 120 s per vein or 1 × 180 s in case TTI could not be measured). Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound, assessing oesophago-mediastinal alterations (e.g. ulceration, oedema) were performed blinded prior and post-ablation. Post-interventional mediastinal oedematous alterations were detected in 70% with a mean diameter of 14 mm (±0.9 mm), while only 15% revealed large mediastinal oedema >20 mm. Oesophageal lesions due to PVI occurred in 5%. Freeze protocols had a distinct impact on oesophago-mediastinal alterations as mean diameter and frequency of large oedema were significantly increased in patients after conventional protocol PVI (17 mm vs. 11 mm; 26% vs. 6%). Furthermore, every oesophageal lesion was detected in patients with conventional protocol (9%). No major complication occurred in either group. Conclusion The present prospective study demonstrates a significant impact of freeze protocol on oesophago-mediastinal alterations. A TTI-guided protocol reduces mediastino-oesophageal lesions and may reduce short- and long-term complications of cryoballoon PVI.

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Colleoni, M., N. Rotmensz, S. Andrighetto, P. Maisonneuve, A. Sonzogni, G. Pruneri, C. Casadio, A. Goldhirsch y G. Viale. "Prognostic role of the extent of peritumoral vascular invasion in operable breast cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, n.º 18_suppl (20 de junio de 2007): 10586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.10586.

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10586 Background: Peritumoral vascular invasion (PVI) has been recently recognized as a significant prognostic indicator for women with operable breast cancer, yet the clinical relevance of the degree of PVI in patients with no or limited involvement of the axillary nodes is unknown. Methods: 2606 consecutive patients with pT1–3, pN0 (1586)-1a (1020), and M0, operated and counseled for medical therapy from 1/2000 to 12/2002 were prospectively classified according to the degree of PVI: absent (2017, 77.4%), focal (368, 14.1%), moderate (51, 2.0%) and extensive (170, 6.5%). The median follow-up was 3.8 years for disease-free survival (DFS) and 4.3 years for overall survival (OS). Results: Patients with extensive PVI were more likely be younger, to have larger tumors, high tumor grade, axillary positive nodes, high Ki-67 expression, and HER2/neu over-expression if compared with patients having less amount if PVI (p for trend, <.0001). Patients with diffuse PVI were prescribed significantly more frequently anthracycline containing chemotherapy and less endocrine therapy alone (p for trend, <.0001). In patients with node negative disease a statistically significant difference in DFS, risk of distant metastases and OS was observed at the multivariate analysis for diffuse PVI versus no PVI (Hazard Ratios: 2.11, 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.34, P<.0001 for DFS; 4.51, 95% CI, 1.96 to 10.4, P<.0001 for distant metastases; 3.55, 95% CI, 1.24 to 10.1, P=.02 for OS). Conclusions: Extensive peritumoral vascular invasion has a prognostic role in patients with axillary lymph node negative breast cancer. The extent of vascular invasion should be considered in the therapeutic algorithm in order to proper select targeted adjuvant treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Dola, O. L. "The state of the immunity system in women with latent Papillomavirus infection of the cervix". HEALTH OF WOMAN, n.º 7(123) (30 de septiembre de 2017): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2017.123.135.

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The article presents modern aspects of the state of immunity in women with latent papillomavirus infection (PVI) of the cervix. The objective: the study of the indicators characterizing the state of immunity in women with latent PVI of the cervix, often associated with urogenital infections (UGI), at the beginning of the survey and after 6 months of observation. Patients and methods. The study of cellular and humoral immunity was performed in 210 women with latent papillomavirus infection (PVI) and 15 healthy women at the beginning of the examination and 6 months later. 84 women were diagnosed with a monoinfection, 126 had a combined PVI and a urogenital infection (UGI). In 140 women transient PVI is established, in 70 – persistent. Results. In women with latent cervical pylori cervix, disorders of cellular immunity were observed (a slight decrease in the relative amount of CD3+, CD4+ lymphocytes and a simultaneous increase in the number of CD8+ lymphocytes, natural killers and B-lymphocytes) against the background of activation of the humoral immunity unit. Nonspecific protection of the female body with PVI was characterized by inhibition of the phagocytic reaction of neutrophils (Nf) and monocytes (Mg) against the background of an increase in oxygen-dependent metabolism, primarily HF, and a decrease in the functional reserve for both NF and MZ. The most pronounced disorders were found for patients with combined PVI and UGI. Conclusion. In women with transient PVI normalization of cellular and humoral immunity was observed, and the further persistence of the human papillomavirus in the genitals led to a more significant inhibition of phagocytic and HCT activity of phagocytes, as well as to a decrease in some parameters of the cellular and humoral immunity units. Key words: papillomavirus infection, cervix, cellular and humoral immunity.

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Krivosheev, Yu S., D. I. Bashta, A. A. Simonyan, N. A. Tihonova, K. V. Modnikov, T. A. Myznikova, Z. A. Mishodzheva y V. N. Kolesnikov. "Catheter pulmonary vein isolation with drug testing of dormant conduction and detection of non-pulmonary vein triggers and high frequency stimulation of left atrial ganglionated plexi in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation". Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya 22, n.º 3 (20 de noviembre de 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2018-3-39-48.

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Background. Catheter pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the main interventional procedure for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Recurrences of arrhythmia paroxysms in the postoperative period are mainly determined by reconnection of conduction from the pulmonary veins. However, non-pulmonary vein triggers and a positive vagal response of ganglionated plexi (GP) to high frequency stimulation after PVI confirmed by drug testing may affect the long-term efficacy of catheter AF ablation. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of PVI isolation after drug testing and a negative response to high-frequency stimulation and a positive response to high-frequency stimulation but without subsequent ablation in patients with paroxysmal AF, as well as the efficacy of PVI confirmed by drug testing in patients having nonpulmonary vein triggers. Methods. The present analysis is a part of the randomized study on the comparison of PVI confirmed by drug testing with the absence of non-pulmonary vein triggers and a positive response of GP to high-frequency stimulation with and without GP ablation. PVI was performed in 311 patients. Ninety-six patients were excluded because they required additional GP ablation. Two hundred and fourteen patients were divided into three groups: PVI with a positive GP response (posGP) to high-frequency stimulation without GP ablation (group I, n = 97), PVI with a negative GP response (negGP) to high-frequency stimulation (group II, n = 79) and PVI with non-pulmonary vein triggers (group III, n = 38). The primary endpoint of the study was the freedom from any atrial tachyarrhythmias after 12 months of follow-up confirmed by 24-hour Holter monitoring. The secondary endpoints included the frequency of detecting dormant pulmonary vein conduction, non-pulmonary vein triggers, negative GP response to high-frequency stimulation after catheter PVI. The patients were followed 3, 6, 9, 12 months after the ablation procedure. Results. At the end of the follow-up 57 (72.2%) patients in the PVI + negGP group (group II), 58 (59.8%) patients in the PVI + posGP group (group I) and 20 (52.6%) patients in the PVI + NPT (group III) were free from any atrial tachyarrhythmia (р=0.07; log-rank test). A statistical significance in the efficacy was observed when group II was compared with group III (72.2% and 52.6%, р = 0.028, log-rank test). In the course of primary ablation following PVI, when performing drug testing, dormant atriovenous conduction sites were observed in 105 (33.8%) patients, while non-pulmonary vein triggers (n = 79) were recorded in 38 (12.2%) patients. The frequency of negative GP responses to high-frequency stimulation after PVI accounted for 28.3%. Conclusion. Pulmonary vein isolation confirmed by drug testing, without a response of GP to high-frequency stimulation tends to provide higher efficacy in maintaining the sinus rhythm as compared with PVI and a positive GP response to high-frequency stimulation, but without a statistical significance, whereas nonpulmonary vein triggers after PVI are associated with lower efficacy in the long-term follow-up.Received 31 July 2018. Revised 8 August 2018. Accepted 14 August 2018.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributions Conception and study design: Yu.S. Krivosheev, D.I. Bashta, V.N. Kolesnikov Data collection and analysis: Yu.S. Krivosheev, D.I. Bashta, N.A. Tihonova Drafting the article: Yu.S. Krivosheev, A.A. Simonyan Critical revision of the article: V.N. Kolesnikov, K.V. Modnikov, T.A. Myznikova Final approval of the version to be published: Yu.S. Krivosheev, D.I. Bashta, A.A. Simonyan, N.A. Tihonova, K.V. Modnikov, T.A. Myznikova, Z.A. Mishodzheva, V.N. Kolesnikov

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Senel, Mehmet, Hüseyin Kavas, Mehmet Tutgun y Abdulhadi Baykal. "Preparation and conductivities of polyacrylic acid/polyvinylimidazole grafted and ungrafted iron oxide nanocomposite polymer electrolytes". Open Chemistry 11, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2013): 1768–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0318-0.

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AbstractNanocomposites of Polyacrylic acid/polyvinylimidazole (PAA/PVI) with grafted and ungrafted iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a Reflux method. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles with 10 nm average diameter were synthesized by controlled co-precipitation and silanization of Si-PVI on Fe3O4 was used to obtain the grafted ones. Grafting becomes important at composites of less PVI that cause drastic decreases in AC conductivity. The content of PVI has important effects on the conductivity mechanism of these composites. The effect of grafting and Polyacrylic acid/polyvinylimidazole molar ratio on the conduction mechanism were studied. The conduction mechanism of iron oxide nanocomposites can be adjusted by changing molar ratio of Polyacrylic acid/polyvinylimidazole and grafting of Fe3O4NPs.

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37

Stępień, Kuklik, Żebrowski, Sanders, Derejko y Podziemski. "Kolmogorov Complexity of Coronary Sinus Atrial Electrograms before Ablation Predicts Termination of Atrial Fibrillation after Pulmonary Vein Isolation". Entropy 21, n.º 10 (4 de octubre de 2019): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21100970.

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is related to a very complex local electrical activity reflected in the rich morphology of intracardiac electrograms. The link between electrogram complexity and efficacy of the catheter ablation is unclear. We test the hypothesis that the Kolmogorov complexity of a single atrial bipolar electrogram recorded during AF within the coronary sinus (CS) at the beginning of the catheter ablation may predict AF termination directly after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). The study population consisted of 26 patients for whom 30 s baseline electrograms were recorded. In all cases PVI was performed. If AF persisted after PVI, ablation was extended beyond PVs. Kolmogorov complexity estimated by Lempel–Ziv complexity and the block decomposition method was calculated and compared with other measures: Shannon entropy, AF cycle length, dominant frequency, regularity, organization index, electrogram fractionation, sample entropy and wave morphology similarity index. A 5 s window length was chosen as optimal in calculations. There was a significant difference in Kolmogorov complexity between patients with AF termination directly after PVI compared to patients undergoing additional ablation (p < 0.01). No such difference was seen for remaining complexity parameters. Kolmogorov complexity of CS electrograms measured at baseline before PVI can predict self-termination of AF directly after PVI.

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GAMBLE, J., P. S. GREWAL y I. B. GARTSIDE. "Vitamin C modifies the cardiovascular and microvascular responses to cigarette smoke inhalation in man". Clinical Science 98, n.º 4 (21 de marzo de 2000): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0980455.

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Both neutrophil margination and increases in the non-invasively assessed parameter, isovolumetric venous congestion cuff pressure (Pvi), are symptomatic of some inflammatory diseases. Neutrophil margination occurs primarily, though not exclusively, at the post-capillary endothelial surface. The local haemodynamic changes resulting from margination may be responsible for the observed increases in Pvi. Smoke inhalation has been shown in animal studies to cause an increase in post-capillary neutrophil margination by mechanisms that can be blocked by oral vitamin C administration. We looked for indices of a relationship between margination and Pvi in man, using cigarette smoke inhalation as a pathophysiological challenge. We also examined the effect of prophylactic vitamin C on the response. Smoke inhalation was associated with highly significant increases in both Pvi and heart rate. After vitamin C pre-treatment, no increase in Pvi was observed in response to the smoke inhalation; however, whilst heart rate still increased significantly, the duration of this response was attenuated. The results suggest that vitamin C affords protection against some of the cardiovascular and microvascular changes associated with cigarette smoke inhalation in man. They also support the notion that non-invasive assessment of changes in Pvi may provide a measurable index of systemic changes in inflammatory conditions.

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Marion, Denise M. S. van, Eva A. H. Lanters, Kennedy S. Ramos, Jin Li, Marit Wiersma, Luciënne Baks-te Bulte, Agnes J. Q. M. Muskens, Eric Boersma, Natasja M. S. de Groot y Bianca J. J. M. Brundel. "Evaluating Serum Heat Shock Protein Levels as Novel Biomarkers for Atrial Fibrillation". Cells 9, n.º 9 (16 de septiembre de 2020): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9092105.

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Background: Staging of atrial fibrillation (AF) is essential to understanding disease progression and the accompanied increase in therapy failure. Blood-based heat shock protein (HSP) levels may enable staging of AF and the identification of patients with higher risk for AF recurrence after treatment. Objective: This study evaluates the relationship between serum HSP levels, presence of AF, AF stage and AF recurrence following electrocardioversion (ECV) or pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Methods: To determine HSP27, HSP70, cardiovascular (cv)HSP and HSP60 levels, serum samples were collected from control patients without AF and patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), persistent (PeAF) and longstanding persistent (LSPeAF) AF, presenting for ECV or PVI, prior to intervention and at 3-, 6- and 12-months post-PVI. Results: The study population (n = 297) consisted of 98 control and 199 AF patients admitted for ECV (n = 98) or PVI (n = 101). HSP27, HSP70, cvHSP and HSP60 serum levels did not differ between patients without or with PAF, PeAF or LSPeAF. Additionally, baseline HSP levels did not correlate with AF recurrence after ECV or PVI. However, in AF patients with AF recurrence, HSP27 levels were significantly elevated post-PVI relative to baseline, compared to patients without recurrence. Conclusions: No association was observed between baseline HSP levels and the presence of AF, AF stage or AF recurrence. However, HSP27 levels were increased in serum samples of patients with AF recurrence within one year after PVI, suggesting that HSP27 levels may predict recurrence of AF after ablative therapy.

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&NA;. "Fluorouracil and heparin via PVI". Inpharma Weekly &NA;, n.º 1141 (junio de 1998): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199811410-00025.

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Borisov, A. G., A. A. Savchenko, E. P. Tihonova, I. V. Sergeeva, E. V. Kasparov, I. V. Kudrjavcev y S. S. Arutjunjan. "The state of immune system during the use of probiotic lactobacilli in complex treatment of papillomavirus infection". Kazan medical journal 98, n.º 1 (15 de febrero de 2017): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2017-20.

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Aim. Assessment of impact of probiotic lactobacilli complex on treatment efficiency and normalization of immune status in women with human papillomavirus infection (PVI).Methods. Total of 65 patients of reproductive age with cervical pathology and PVI were examined. «Provag» was included into the standard therapy as the source of probiotic lactobacilli complex. Immunological studies were conducted before and after the treatment. The phenotypic profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by means of flow cytometry. The concentration of immunoglobulin A, G and M in serum was determined by ELISA.Results. Decreased amounts of T- and NK-cells were observed in PVI patients on day 1. Regardless of treatment method, by day 30 the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood of women with PVI increases. Percentage of NK-cells remained below the normal values on day 30 in the group of patients who received traditional scheme of PVI treatment. Patients with PVI taking additionally probiotic lactobacilli complex showed an increase of NK-cells by the end of the treatment. On day 1 decrease of relative and absolute numbers of T-helper cells was detected. Regardless of the method of treatment by day 30 the number of T-helper cells increases to the reference level. IgM and IgG levels in peripheral blood of women with PVI were increased even on day 1. By the end of the observation period their concentration in patients with conventional treatment scheme remained increased. Patients receiving the standard therapy supplemented with «Provag» demonstrated the decrease of these classes of immunoglobulins to the reference level.Conclusion. As a result of treatment normalization of NK-cells and T-helpers numbers was observed whereas the IgG and IgM levels remained increased.

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ANIM-NYAME, N., J. GAMBLE, S. R. SOORANNA, M. R. JOHNSON, M. H. SULLIVAN y P. J. STEER. "Evidence of impaired microvascular function in pre-eclampsia: a non-invasive study". Clinical Science 104, n.º 4 (20 de marzo de 2003): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1040405.

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The clinical presentation of pre-eclampsia suggests that microvascular dysfunction may play a role in the maternal manifestations of the disease. Isovolumetric venous pressure (PVi) is an index of microvascular function, reflecting local plasma colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure, and is abnormal in clinical conditions with microvascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that, in pre-eclampsia, post-capillary margination of neutrophils would increase post-capillary resistance, and therefore PVi. A small cumulative step strain-gauge plethysmography protocol was used to compare PVi in 18 women with pre-eclampsia, 16 normal pregnant women and 17 non-pregnant controls. Circulating levels of vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin, and neutrophil elastase, were measured to assess endothelial and neutrophil activation respectively. PVi was significantly greater in the pre-eclampsia group, relative to the normal pregnant and non-pregnant controls (P<0.001, ANOVA, for both comparisons). PVi was significantly lower during normal pregnancy compared with the non-pregnant controls (P = 0.001). Plasma levels of neutrophil elastase, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin (P = 0.001) were significantly greater in the pre-eclamptics than the controls. Significant positive correlations were observed between PVi and neutrophil elastase (r = 0.71, P = 0.001), VCAM-1 (r = 0.52, P = 0.03), ICAM-1 (r = 0.67, P = 0.002), E-selectin (r = 0.69, P = 0.001), uric acid levels (r = 0.54, P = 0.02) and haematocrit (r = 0.64, P = 0.004) in pre-eclampsia. The relationship with the platelet count was negative (r =-0.65, P = 0.003). No significant correlations were observed between PVi and maternal age, gestational age, total protein, albumin, diastolic blood pressures, age, body mass index and infant birth mass in the normal pregnant and non-pregnant controls. These data suggest that microvascular dysfunction occurs in pre-eclampsia, and that it is related to alterations in endothelial cell and neutrophil activation.

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Behrendt, Christian-Alexander, Tilo Kölbel, Thea Schwaneberg, Holger Diener, Ralf Hohnhold, Eike Sebastian Debus y Henrik Christian Rieß. "Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes". Vasa 48, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2019): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000771.

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Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

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Oebel, Sabrina, Ingo Paetsch, Clara Stegmann, Simon Kircher, Philipp Sommer, Arash Arya, Frank Lindemann, Andreas Bollmann, Gerhard Hindricks y Cosima Jahnke. "Combined single-session cardiovascular magnetic resonance: stress perfusion and three-dimensional pulmonary vein angiography for stratification of atrial fibrillation patients with chest pain syndromes prior to catheter ablation". EP Europace 21, n.º 12 (12 de septiembre de 2019): 1809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz248.

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Abstract Aims To determine the clinical utility of a combined single-session cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging protocol integrating adenosine stress perfusion and three-dimensional pulmonary vein angiography for stratification of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients referred for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and complaining about chest pain syndromes. Methods and results The preprocedural CMR examination (adenosine stress perfusion, late gadolinium enhancement, and three-dimensional pulmonary vein angiography) was performed in 357 consecutive AF patients with chest pain syndromes referred for PVI. Stress perfusion results were used for stratification: ischaemia positive patients underwent invasive coronary angiography, ischaemia negative patients underwent PVI, and follow-up/outcome data were collected (combined primary endpoint of cardiac death/non-fatal myocardial infarction). The integrated CMR protocol had a high success rate (356/357, 99.7%), a short total examination duration (<30 min in all patients), and delivered high-quality three-dimensional pulmonary vein angiography in all patients undergoing PVI (324/324, 100%). Variants of pulmonary vein anatomy were identified in 33% of all patients (117/357). Stress positivity (28/356, 8%) had a high positive predictive value for identification of obstructive coronary artery disease (86%), while stress negativity carried a low short-term event rate following PVI (cumulative 1-year event-free survival rate, 99.6%). Conclusion Combined single-session CMR as a routine diagnostic workup for AF patients with chest pain syndromes prior to PVI proved to represent a time-efficient and effective stratification tool.

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Edington, Magdalena, Kanna Ramaesh y David Lockington. "Virucidal benefits of povidone-iodine use on the ocular surface: a review". BMJ Open Ophthalmology 5, n.º 1 (agosto de 2020): e000509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000509.

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Povidone-iodine (PVI) preparations are well known for their microbicidal effect. In ophthalmology, PVI is commonly used to sterilise the ocular surface prior to surgical procedures. It is also used uncommonly as treatment for adenoviral conjunctivitis, yet the virucidal benefits of PVI have not been clearly documented in existing clinical management guidelines for ocular surface conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, has challenged traditional healthcare systems. The morbidity and mortality of this highly contagious disease have resulted in fatalities among healthcare workers, including ophthalmologists. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been identified on conjunctival testing, a potential source of contagious infection which may be unrecognised in asymptomatic carriers. Concern has been raised that ocular procedures may be ‘aerosol-generating’ and the additional wearing of personal protective equipment has been recommended to protect operating theatre staff. This literature review demonstrates that PVI has a broad virucidal activity, including against coronaviruses. It is already used perioperatively as standard of ophthalmic care and has been shown clinically to be effective against adenoviruses on the ocular surface. The current surgical practice of application of 5%–10% PVI applied periocularly for 3 min seems to provide an adequate effective reduction in the patient’s ocular surface viral load. The virucidal benefits of routine PVI use should be included in ophthalmology guidelines regarding safe ocular surgery protocols.

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Lemenkova, Polina. "Distance-based vegetation indices computed by SAGA GIS: A comparison of the perpendicular and transformed soil adjusted approaches for the LANDSAT TM image". Poljoprivredna tehnika 46, n.º 3 (2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2103049l.

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Landsat-TM of 2001 covering Iceland (15.5°W-21°W, 64.5°N-67°N) was processed using SAGA GIS for testing distance-based Vegetation Indices (VIs): four approaches of Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) and two approaches of Transformed Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index TSAVI. The PVI of vegetation from the soil background line indicated healthiness as a leaf area index (LAI). The results showed that the reflectance for vegetation has a linear relation with soil background line. Four PVI models and two TSAVI shown coefficients of determination with LAI. The dataset demonstrate variations in the calculated coefficients. The mode in the histograms of the PVI based on four different algorithms show the difference:-7.1,-8.36, 2.78 and 7.0. The dataset for the two approaches of TSAVI: first case ranges in 4.4.-80.6 with a bell-shape mode of a histogram (8.09 to 23.29) for the first algorithm and an irregular shape for the second algorithm with several modes starting from 0.11 to 0.2 and decreasing to 0.26. SAGA GIS permits the calculation of PVI and TSAVI by computed NDVI based on the intersection of vegetation and soil background. Masking the NIR and R, a linear regression of grids was performed using an equation embedded in SAGA GIS. The advantages of the distance-based PVI and TSAVI consists in the adjusted position of pixels on the soil brightness line which refines it comparing to the slope-based VIs. The paper demonstrates SAGA GIS application in agricultural studies.

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Peyrol, Michaël, Jérémie Barraud, Linda Koutbi, Baptiste Maille, Lory Trevisan, Elisa Martinez, Samuel Lévy, Franck Paganelli y Frederic Franceschi. "Vagal Reactions during Cryoballoon-Based Pulmonary Vein Isolation: A Clue for Autonomic Nervous System Modulation?" BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7286074.

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Although paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to be initiated by rapid firing of pulmonary veins (PV) and non-PV triggers, the crucial role of cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the initiation and maintenance of AF has long been appreciated in both experimental and clinical studies. The cardiac intrinsic ANS is composed of ganglionated plexi (GPs), located close to the left atrium-pulmonary vein junctions and a vast network of interconnecting neurons. Ablation strategies aiming for complete PV isolation (PVI) remain the cornerstone of AF ablation procedures. However, several observational studies and few randomized studies have suggested that GP ablation, as an adjunctive strategy, might achieve better clinical outcomes in patients undergoing radiofrequency-based PVI for both paroxysmal and nonparoxysmal AF. In these patients, vagal reactions (VR) such as vagally mediated bradycardia or asystole are thought to reflect intrinsic cardiac ANS modulation and/or denervation. Vagal reactions occurring during cryoballoon- (CB-) based PVI have been previously reported; however, little is known on resulting ANS modulation and/or prevalence and significance of vagal reactions during PVI with the CB technique. We conducted a review of prevalence, putative mechanisms, and significance of VR during CB-based PVI.

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Maset, Angelo L., Anthony Marmarou, John D. Ward, Sung Choi, Harry A. Lutz, Danny Brooks, Richard J. Moulton et al. "Pressure-volume index in head injury". Journal of Neurosurgery 67, n.º 6 (diciembre de 1987): 832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.67.6.0832.

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✓ The authors studied intracranial pressure (ICP) and intracranial compliance as defined by the pressure-volume index (PVI) in 34 severely head-injured patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less. The objective of the research was to determine if there was a correlation between the pressure-volume status and subsequent increase in ICP. The PVI and ICP measurements were obtained serially, and the temporal course of the pressure-volume status and ICP was determined during the 5-day period following injury. Aggressiveness of ICP was quantified by a therapy intensity level scale. A clear relationship between the PVI measured soon after injury and subsequent development of ICP emerged. Following mechanical trauma the PVI is reduced, and the degree of reduction and extent of biomechanical recovery are closely related to outcome and development of raised ICP.

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Zhou, Yong, Maiyong Zhu y Songjun Li. "Self-switchable catalysis by a nature-inspired polymer nanoreactor containing Pt nanoparticles". J. Mater. Chem. A 2, n.º 19 (2014): 6834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta15053d.

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The proposed nanoreactor was made of Pt nanoparticles and a unique polymer composite of PVI and PTFMA. The self-healing and dissociation of the PVI–PTFMA interaction regulated access to the encapsulated metal nanoparticles, thereby causing self-switchable catalytic ability.

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Murayama, Renato, Laura Dutra Carraro, Thalissa Galvanin, Nilo Mitsuru Izukawa, Iracema Umeda y Mayron Faria Oliveira. "Peripheral vascular insufficiency impairs functional capacity in patients with heart failure". Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 13, n.º 2 (abril de 2014): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/jvb.2014.053.

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INTRODUCTION: Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome in which effort limitation is associated with deterioration of peripheral musculature. Improving survival rates among these patients have led to the appearance of cases in which other pathologies are associated with HF, such as peripheral vascular insufficiency (PVI). The combination of these two pathologies is common, with significant repercussions for affected patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare functional limitations and quality of life between patients with HF in isolation or HF + PVI. METHOD: Twelve patients with HF+PVI were paired to 12 patients with HF in isolation. All had ejection fraction <40%. The following were conducted: 6 minute walk test (6MWT), chair test (CT), step test (ST), one repetition maximum test (1RM) and quality of life questionnaire. RESULTS: The results for the 6MWT (311±27 vs. 447±29), ST (49±3 vs. 81±10) and CT (17±1 vs. 21±1) were lower in the HF+PVI group than in the HF group (p<0.05). The HF+PVI group exhibited a reduction in the number of steps taken from the first to the second minute of the ST, in relation to the HF group. The HF group exhibited better HR recovery than the HF+PVI group (50±4 vs. 26±3; p<0.05). No differences were found in results for the Borg scale, the peripheral muscle strength test (1RM) or the questionnaires (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study participants who had mixed disease exhibited a greater degree of functional impairment than the group with HF, without reporting worsened quality of life.

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