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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Rainfall events scale"

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Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024
Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

Lindgren, Ville, Tero Niemi, Harri Koivusalo, and Teemu Kokkonen. "Value of Spatially Distributed Rainfall Design Events—Creating Basin-Scale Stochastic Design Storm Ensembles." Water 15, no. 17 (2023): 3066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173066.

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Current design storms used in hydrological modeling, urban planning, and dimensioning of structures are typically point-scale rainfall events with a steady rainfall intensity or a simple temporal intensity pattern. This can lead to oversimplified results because real rainfall events have more complex patterns than simple design series. In addition, the interest of hydrologists is usually in areal estimates rather than point values, most commonly in river-basin-wide areal mean rainfall estimates. By utilizing weather radar data and the short-term ensemble prediction system pySTEPS, which has so
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2

Kim, Youngkyu, Minwoo Son, and Sunmin Kim. "Application of Large-scale Climate Simulation Data to Evaluate the Scale of Extreme Rainfall Events: A Case of the 2018 Hiroshima Extreme-scale Rainfall Event." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, no. 2 (2022): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.2.27.

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This study aims to apply large-scale climate ensemble simulation data to evaluate the magnitude of extreme rainfall events. It was conducted on the basis of extreme rainfall that occurred in the Hiroshima region in 2018. This event recorded an extreme rainfall magnitude corresponding to a return period of 1,000 years at a 24-h rainfall duration; it is difficult to evaluate this magnitude with the concept of probability rainfall based on frequency analysis due to the short observation period. To overcome this limitation, the data for policy decision making for future (d4PDF) climate change data
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3

Carbone, Marco, Michele Turco, Giuseppe Brunetti, and Patrizia Piro. "Minimum Inter-Event Time to Identify Independent Rainfall Events in Urban Catchment Scale." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1630.

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For many hydrologic analyses, planning or design problems, reliable rainfall estimates are necessary. For this reason, an accurate estimation of storm event properties is central to continuous simulation of rainfall. Rainfall is generally noted as single events or storms where the beginning and the end are defined by rainless of particular size duration called Minimum Inter-event Time (MIT). Starting from a critical study of the state of the art, this paper intends to investigate the definition of MIT for rainfall events shorter than an hour that, on an urban scale, are the most critical for d
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4

Rebora, N., L. Ferraris, J. von Hardenberg, and A. Provenzale. "Rainfall downscaling and flood forecasting: a case study in the Mediterranean area." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 4 (2006): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-611-2006.

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Abstract. The prediction of the small-scale spatial-temporal pattern of intense rainfall events is crucial for flood risk assessment in small catchments and urban areas. In the absence of a full deterministic modelling of small-scale rainfall, it is common practice to resort to the use of stochastic downscaling models to generate ensemble rainfall predictions to be used as inputs to rainfall-runoff models. In this work we present an application of a new spatial-temporal downscaling procedure, called RainFARM, to an intense precipitation event predicted by the limited-area meteorological model
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5

Rebora, Nicola, Luca Ferraris, Jost von Hardenberg, and Antonello Provenzale. "RainFARM: Rainfall Downscaling by a Filtered Autoregressive Model." Journal of Hydrometeorology 7, no. 4 (2006): 724–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm517.1.

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Abstract A method is introduced for stochastic rainfall downscaling that can be easily applied to the precipitation forecasts provided by meteorological models. Our approach, called the Rainfall Filtered Autoregressive Model (RainFARM), is based on the nonlinear transformation of a Gaussian random field, and it conserves the information present in the rainfall fields at larger scales. The procedure is tested on two radar-measured intense rainfall events, one at midlatitude and the other in the Tropics, and it is shown that the synthetic fields generated by RainFARM have small-scale statistical
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6

Kaspar, M., and M. Müller. "Selection of historic heavy large-scale rainfall events in the Czech Republic." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 6 (2008): 1359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1359-2008.

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Abstract. The Central European floods of July 1997 and August 2002 spotlighted the need for systematic research of the relationships between synoptic-scale conditions and heavy large-scale rainfalls. Creating a set of historic events underlies such research. We defined the criterion for their selection, which is based on daily areal precipitation amounts in predefined sub-regions. To stress the hydrological responses of precipitation, the criterion expresses the temporal distribution of daily areal precipitation in a three-day period. We applied the criterion to clusters of the Czech Republic
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7

Maier, Roman, Gerald Krebs, Markus Pichler, Dirk Muschalla, and Günter Gruber. "Spatial Rainfall Variability in Urban Environments—High-Density Precipitation Measurements on a City-Scale." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041157.

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Rainfall runoff models are frequently used for design processes for urban infrastructure. The most sensitive input for these models is precipitation data. Therefore, it is crucial to account for temporal and spatial variability of rainfall events as accurately as possible to avoid misleading simulation results. This paper aims to show the significant errors that can occur by using rainfall measurement resolutions in urban environments that are too coarse. We analyzed the spatial variability of rainfall events from two years with the validated data of 22 rain gauges spread out over an urban cat
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8

Zillgens, B., B. Merz, R. Kirnbauer, and N. Tilch. "Analysis of the runoff response of an Alpine catchment at different scales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 5 (2005): 1923–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-2-1923-2005.

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Abstract. To understand how hydrological processes are related across different spatial scales, 201 rainfall runoff events were examined in three nested catchments of the upper river Saalach in the Austrian Alps. The Saalach basin is a nested catchment covering different spatial scales, from the micro-scale (Limberg, 0.07 km2), to the small-catchment scale (Rammern, 15.5 km2), and the meso-scale (Viehhofen, 150 km2). At these three scales two different event types could clearly be identified, depending on rainfall characteristics and initial baseflow level: (1) a unimodal event type with a qui
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9

Zillgens, B., B. Merz, R. Kirnbauer, and N. Tilch. "Analysis of the runoff response of an alpine catchment at different scales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 4 (2007): 1441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1441-2007.

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Abstract. To understand how hydrological processes are related across different spatial scales, 201 rainfall runoff events were examined in three nested catchments of the upper river Saalach in the Austrian Alps. The Saalach basin is a nested catchment covering different spatial scales, from the micro-scale (Limberg, 0.07 km²), to the small-catchment scale (Rammern, 15.5 km²), and the meso-scale (Viehhofen, 150 km²). At these three scales two different event types could clearly be identified, depending on rainfall characteristics and initial baseflow level: (1) a unimodal event type with a qui
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10

Hamada, Atsushi, and Yukari N. Takayabu. "Large-Scale Environmental Conditions Related to Midsummer Extreme Rainfall Events around Japan in the TRMM Region." Journal of Climate 31, no. 17 (2018): 6933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0632.1.

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The precipitation characteristics of extreme events in August determined from 13 years of satellite data around Japan in the TRMM observation region and their relationship with large-scale environmental conditions are examined. Two types of extreme events, extreme rainfall and extreme convective events, are defined in each analysis grid box using maximum near-surface rainfall and maximum 40-dB Z echo-top height in each event, respectively. There are clear differences in precipitation characteristics between the two types of extreme events. Extreme rainfall events are more organized precipitati
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11

Brasil, José Bandeira, Maria Simas Guerreiro, Eunice Maia de Andrade, Helba Araújo de Queiroz Palácio, Pedro Henrique Augusto Medeiros, and Jacques Carvalho Ribeiro Filho. "Minimum Rainfall Inter-Event Time to Separate Rainfall Events in a Low Latitude Semi-Arid Environment." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031721.

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Water scarcity in dry tropical regions is expected to intensify due to climate change. Characterization of rainfall events is needed for a better assessment of the associated hydrological processes, and the proposition of adaptation strategies. There is still no consensus on the most appropriate method to separate rainfall events from a continuous database, although the minimum inter-event time (MIET) is a commonly used criterion. Semi-arid regions of low latitudes hold a distinct rainfall pattern compared to their equivalent at higher latitudes; these seasonally dry tropical forests experienc
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12

Calenda, G., E. Gorgucci, F. Napolitano, A. Novella, and E. Volpi. "Multifractal analysis of radar rainfall fields over the area of Rome." Advances in Geosciences 2 (August 17, 2005): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-2-293-2005.

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Abstract. A scale-invariance analysis of space and time rainfall events monitored by meteorological radar over the area of Rome (Italy) is proposed. The study of the scale-invariance properties of intense precipitation storms, particularly important in flood forecast and risk mitigation, allows to transfer rainfall information from the large scale predictive meteorological models to the small scale hydrological rainfall-runoff models. Precipitation events are monitored using data collected by the polarimetric Doppler radar Polar 55C (ISAC-CNR), located 15 km Southeast from downtown. The meteor
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13

Liu, Hong-Bo, Jing Yang, Da-Lin Zhang, and Bin Wang. "Roles of Synoptic to Quasi-Biweekly Disturbances in Generating the Summer 2003 Heavy Rainfall in East China." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 2 (2014): 886–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00055.1.

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Abstract During the mei-yu season of the summer of 2003, the Yangtze and Huai River basin (YHRB) encountered anomalously heavy rainfall, and the northern YHRB (nYHRB) suffered a severe flood because of five continuous extreme rainfall events. A spectral analysis of daily rainfall data over YHRB reveals two dominant frequency modes: one peak on day 14 and the other on day 4 (i.e., the quasi-biweekly and synoptic-scale mode, respectively). Results indicate that the two scales of disturbances contributed southwesterly and northeasterly anomalies, respectively, to the mei-yu frontal convergence ov
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14

Pui, Alexander, Ashish Sharma, Agus Santoso, and Seth Westra. "Impact of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, and Southern Annular Mode on Daily to Subdaily Rainfall Characteristics in East Australia." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 5 (2012): 1665–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00238.1.

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Abstract The relationship between seasonal aggregate rainfall and large-scale climate modes, particularly the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), has been the subject of a significant and ongoing research effort. However, relatively little is known about how the character of individual rainfall events varies as a function of each of these climate modes. This study investigates the change in rainfall occurrence, intensity, and storm interevent time at both daily and subdaily time scales in east Australia, as a function of indices for ENSO, the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), and the southern annula
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15

Ferguson, Christobel M., Cheryl M. Davies, Christine Kaucner, et al. "Field scale quantification of microbial transport from bovine faeces under simulated rainfall events." Journal of Water and Health 5, no. 1 (2006): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.050.

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The dispersion and transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Escherichia coli and PRD1 bacteriophage seeded into artificial bovine faecal pats was studied during simulated rainfall events. Experimental soil plots were divided in two, one sub-plot with bare soil and the other with natural vegetation. Simulated rainfall events of 55 mm.h-1 for 30 min were then applied to the soil plots. Each experimental treatment was performed in duplicate and consisted of three sequential artificial rainfall events (‘Runs’): a control run (no faecal pats); a fresh faecal pat run (fresh faecal pats); and an
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16

Kwak, Myeong Ja, Jongkyu Lee, Sanghee Park, et al. "Understanding Particulate Matter Retention and Wash-Off during Rainfall in Relation to Leaf Traits of Urban Forest Tree Species." Horticulturae 9, no. 2 (2023): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020165.

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Dynamic particulate matter (PM) behavior on leaves depends on rainfall events, leaf structural and physical properties, and individual tree crowns in urban forests. To address this dependency, we compared the observed relationships between PM wash-off ability and leaf traits on inner and outer crown-positioned leaves during rainfall events. Data showed significant differences in the PM wash-off ability between inner and outer crown-positioned leaves relative to rainfall events due to leaf macro- and micro-structure and geometric properties among tree species. Our results showed that PM wash-of
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17

Cerón, Wilmar L., Nilton Díaz, Daniel Escobar-Carbonari, et al. "Multiscale Interactions of Climate Variability and Rainfall in the Sogamoso River Basin: Implications for the 1998–2000 and 2010–2012 Multiyear La Niña Events." Water 14, no. 22 (2022): 3635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223635.

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In this research, we explored rainfall variability in the Sogamoso River Basin (SRB), its relationship with multiple scales of variability associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the implications for rainfall prolongation during multiyear La Niña events. First, we examined time-frequency rainfall variations in the SRB based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) from 1982 to 2019, using wavelet transform and principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, we applied wavelet analysis to investigate the links at different time scales between ENSO and the main mode of rai
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18

Stoof, C. R., R. W. Vervoort, J. Iwema, E. van den Elsen, A. J. D. Ferreira, and C. J. Ritsema. "Hydrological response of a small catchment burned by experimental fire." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 2 (2012): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-267-2012.

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Abstract. Fire can considerably change hydrological processes, increasing the risk of extreme flooding and erosion events. Although hydrological processes are largely affected by scale, catchment-scale studies on the hydrological impact of fire in Europe are scarce, and nested approaches are rarely used. We performed a catchment-scale experimental fire to improve insight into the drivers of fire impact on hydrology. In north-central Portugal, rainfall, canopy interception, streamflow and soil moisture were monitored in small shrub-covered paired catchments pre- and post-fire. The shrub cover w
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19

Reed, D. W., D. S. Faulkner, and E. J. Stewart. "The FORGEX method of rainfall growth estimation II: Description." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 2 (1999): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-3-197-1999.

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Abstract. The Focused Rainfall Growth Extension (FORGEX) method produces rainfall growth curves focused on a subject site. Focusing allows the incorporation of rainfall extremes observed regionally while respecting local variations in growth rates. The starting point for the analysis is an extensive set of annual maximum rainfalls, with values at each gauged site standardized by the median. Following the philosophy of the earlier FORGE method, a strongly empirical approach is adopted. The rainfall growth curve is represented by linear segments on a Gumbel scale, and is fitted by a least-square
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20

Reyers, Mark, Christoph Boehm, Leon Knarr, Yaping Shao, and Susanne Crewell. "Synoptic-to-Regional-Scale Analysis of Rainfall in the Atacama Desert (18°–26°S) Using a Long-Term Simulation with WRF." Monthly Weather Review 149, no. 1 (2021): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-20-0038.1.

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AbstractIn this study, reanalysis data and a long-term simulation with the regional climate model WRF (1982–2017; 10 km resolution) is used to analyze synoptic and regional processes associated with rainfall events in the Atacama Desert. Five composites, each with 10 WRF-simulated rainfall events, are studied. They are selected based on a clustering and comprise the top winter events in South Atacama (23°–26°S), Southeast Atacama, and North Atacama (18°–23°S), and the top summer events in North Atacama and Northeast Atacama. Winter rainfall events in South Atacama are mostly associated with st
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21

McCorkle, Taylor A., Skylar S. Williams, Timothy A. Pfeiffer, and Jeffrey B. Basara. "Atmospheric Contributors to Heavy Rainfall Events in the Arkansas-Red River Basin." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4597912.

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This study analyzed the top 1% 24-hour rainfall events from 1994 to 2013 at eight climatological sites that represent the east to west precipitation gradient across the Arkansas-Red River Basin in North America. A total of 131 cases were identified and subsequently classified on the synoptic-scale, mesoscale, and local-scale to compile a climatological analysis of these extreme, heavy rainfall events based on atmospheric forcings. For each location, the prominent midtropospheric pattern, mesoscale feature, and predetermined thermodynamic variables were used to classify each 1% rainfall event.
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22

Hamidi, Ali, Naresh Devineni, James F. Booth, Amana Hosten, Ralph R. Ferraro, and Reza Khanbilvardi. "Classifying Urban Rainfall Extremes Using Weather Radar Data: An Application to the Greater New York Area." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 3 (2017): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0193.1.

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Abstract Extreme rainfall events, specifically in urban areas, have dramatic impacts on society and can lead to loss of life and property. Despite these hazards, little is known about the city-scale variability of heavy rainfall events. In the current study, gridded stage IV radar data from 2002 to 2015 are employed to investigate the clustering and the spatial variability of simultaneous rainfall exceedances in the greater New York area. Multivariate clustering based on partitioning around medoids is applied to the extreme rainfall events’ average intensity and areal extent for the 1- and 24-
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23

Bomfim, Osmar Evandro Toledo, and Djane Fonseca da Silva. "Wavelet analysis of rainfall data of the aguapeí -peixe hydrographic basins (state of São Paulo)." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 41, no. 1 (2019): 37753. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v41i1.37753.

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With the use of the Wavelet analysis, this study aimed to detect the dominant oscillations and phenomena that influence the occurrence of extreme rainfall events in the basins of the Aguapeí River and the Peixe River in order to generate information useful to water management. Rainfall data from 18 stations in the State of São Paulo were used, in the period from 1958 to 2013, obtained through the National Water Agency (ANA). The temporal scales that influence the rainfall and the occurrence of extreme events at each rainfall station of the basins were identified, in which the approximately 22-
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24

Sleziak, Patrik, Michal Danko, Martin Jančo, Juraj Parajka, and Ladislav Holko. "Spatial and temporal variability of saturated areas during rainfall-runoff events." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 71, no. 4 (2023): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2023-0025.

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Abstract Spatially distributed hydrological model Mike SHE was used as a diagnostic tool to provide information on possible overland flow source areas in the mountain catchment of Jalovecký Creek (area 22.2 km2, elevation range 820–2178 m a.s.l.) during different rainfall-runoff events. Selected events represented a sequence of several smaller, consecutive events, a flash flood event and two large events caused by frontal precipitation. Simulation of hourly runoff was better for runoff events caused by heavy rainfalls of longer duration than for the flash flood or consecutive smaller runoff ev
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25

Ali, Asif, and Hafiz Umar Farid. "Evaluation and Performance of SM2-Satellite Precipitation Product with Reference to Ground-Based Observations, in different cities of Pakistan." NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences 15, no. 1 (2022): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24949/njes.v15i1.675.

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Rainfall is the fundamental component to drive globalized hydrological cycle. Satellite-based precipitation having great inherency over land with wider range of applications, but their validation is at risk due to lack of rain gauge observations in different regions of the world. All precipitation product community are used to monitor the substitute data of rainfall in water resources, climatology, hydrology, meteorology, and geography. This research paper calculated the performance of SM2 precipitation product on different region, climate, elevation, and rainfall rate. For investigation, the
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26

Nguyen, Quan Trong, Nhi Thi Thao Pham, and Khoi Nguyen Dao. "Developing IDF curve of extreme rainfall at Tan Son Hoa station for the period 1980-2015." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 1, no. M2 (2017): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v1im2.447.

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Recently, the Intensity – Duration – Frequency (IDF) relationship of extreme rainfalls in a local area is usually investigated to provide accurate required data for calculating, planning, and developing urban drainage systems, especially in the context of climate change. Traditionally, IDF curves are computed based on a statistical method for analyzing the frequency of occurrence or non-occurrence of annual extreme rainfall events over a return period; or based on a probability distribution function of these events. However, these traditional methods do not take into consideration the relation
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27

Stoof, C. R., R. W. Vervoort, J. Iwema, E. van den Elsen, A. J. D. Ferreira, and C. J. Ritsema. "Hydrological response of a small catchment burned by experimental fire." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (2011): 4053–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4053-2011.

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Abstract. Fire can considerably change hydrological processes, increasing the risk of extreme flooding and erosion events. Although hydrological processes are largely affected by scale, catchment-scale studies on the hydrological impact of fire are scarce, and nested approaches are rarely used. Taking a unique approach, we performed a catchment-scale experimental fire to improve insight into the drivers of fire impact on hydrology. In north-central Portugal, rainfall, canopy interception, streamflow and soil moisture were monitored in shrub-covered paired catchments pre- and post-fire. Post-fi
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28

Da Silva, Djane Fonseca, Pedro Fernandes de Souza Neto, Silvania Donato da Silva, et al. "Identificação das causas climáticas dos eventos extremos e dos impactos dos ENOS Canônico e Modoki nas macrorregiões de Alagoas." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 4 (2021): 1880–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.4.p1880-1897.

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Anomalies of sea surface temperature that occur in some regions of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean are being studied because their cause different impacts and originate in different ways, are the ENOS, Modoki and Canonical. The objective of this work is to identify the climatic causes of the extreme events that occurred in the macro-regions of Alagoas, and at the same time, to compare the effects of ENOS Canonical and Modoki and their classes on the macro-regions of Alagoas. The daily precipitation data for 21 municipalities in the State of Alagoas were obtained through the National Water Agency
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29

Serrano-Notivoli, Roberto, Alberto Martínez-Salvador, Rafael García-Lorenzo, David Espín-Sánchez, and Carmelo Conesa-García. "Rainfall–runoff relationships at event scale in western Mediterranean ephemeral streams." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 5 (2022): 1243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1243-2022.

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Abstract. Ephemeral streams are highly dependent on rainfall and terrain characteristics and, therefore, very sensitive to minor changes in these environments. The western Mediterranean area exhibits a highly irregular precipitation regime with a great variety of rainfall events driving the flow generation on intermittent watercourses, and future climate change scenarios depict a lower magnitude and higher intensity of precipitation in this area, potentially leading to severe changes in flows. We explored the rainfall–runoff relationships in two semi-arid watersheds in southern Spain (Algecira
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30

O, Noorshazwani, Norzaida A, and Syafrina A.H. "Evaluating Extreme Value Rainfall Using Mixed Exponential Distribution with Advanced Weather Generator." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (2018): 1412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.27888.

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Changes in rainfall regime is one of the factors that is used to determine the impact of climate change. Climate change substantially impacted human societies and the natural environment with the many occurences of extreme weather events, namely rainfall variation, floods, droughts and rainstorms. In tropical countries such as Malaysia, the occurrence of extreme rainfalls has become more common in recent decades. Advanced Weather Generator (AWE-GEN) which uses meteorological data as input has the potential in predicting extreme events. The aim of this study is to propose and integrate the mixe
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31

Laz, Orpita U., Ataur Rahman, Abdullah Yilmaz, and Khaled Haddad. "Trends in sub-hourly, sub-daily and daily extreme rainfall events in eastern Australia." Journal of Water and Climate Change 5, no. 4 (2014): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.035.

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Intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall are expected to change in future due to anthropogenic climate change; however, this change may not be uniform across spatial and temporal scale. This paper examines the trends of sub-hourly, sub-daily and daily extreme rainfall events from 38 rainfall stations located in southeast Australia. Two non-parametric tests (Mann–Kendall and Spearman Rho) were applied to detect trends at 10, 5 and 1% significance levels. The sub-hourly (6, 12, 18 and 30 min) and sub-daily (1, 2 and 6 h) annual maximum rainfall events generally showed an upward (positive) tre
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32

Cockburn, Jaclyn M. H., and Scott F. Lamoureux. "Century-scale variability in late-summer rainfall events recorded over seven centuries in subannually laminated lacustrine sediments, White Pass, British Columbia." Quaternary Research 67, no. 2 (2007): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.10.003.

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AbstractFormation of annually laminated sediments in Summit Lake, White Pass, British Columbia is controlled by runoff generated by snowpack and glacier melt and major rainfall events. The 700-yr varve record is divided into two subannual series (early and late) based on sedimentological criteria and sedimentary structures within each varve. A comparison of recent subannual laminae with nearby meteorological records supports the interpretation they are formed by river discharge events generated by major snow and glacier melt events and large late-summer rainfall events. A significant correlati
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33

Mengouna, François Xavier, N. Philippon, Derbetini A. Vondou, Vincent Moron, Marlon Maranan, and Andreas H. Fink. "Characterization of Subdaily Rainfall Events over Central Africa: Duration, Intensity, Amount, and Spatial Scale of the Storm Types." Journal of Hydrometeorology 25, no. 12 (2024): 1823–43. https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-23-0067.1.

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Abstract Using half-hourly rainfall data from 14 automated weather stations over central Africa, rainfall events [≥0.1 mm (30 min)−1] characteristics are explored. A total of 10 096 wet events (WEs) were identified and classified into six storm types (STs), mostly discretized by their duration and intensity. ST 1 is very short (<1.5 h) with low rainfall intensities over a small area and contributes the least to the total rainfall (7%) but is by far the most frequent (70% of the WEs). ST 2 is short (∼1.5 h) and sudden with very intense rains and of medium spatial scale (<200 km). ST 3 is
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34

Lee, Jeonghoon, Ungtae Kim, Sangdan Kim, and Jungho Kim. "Development and Application of a Rainfall Temporal Disaggregation Method to Project Design Rainfalls." Water 14, no. 9 (2022): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091401.

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A climate model is essential for hydrological designs considering climate change, but there are still limitations in employing raw temporal and spatial resolutions for small urban areas. To solve the temporal scale gap, a temporal disaggregation method of rainfall data was developed based on the Neyman–Scott Rectangular Pulse Model, a stochastic rainfall model, and future design rainfall was projected. The developed method showed better performance than the benchmark models. It produced promising results in estimating the rainfall quantiles for recurrence intervals of less than 20 years. Overa
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35

Shin, Mun-Ju, and Yun Choi. "Sensitivity Analysis to Investigate the Reliability of the Grid-Based Rainfall-Runoff Model." Water 10, no. 12 (2018): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121839.

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This study aimed to assess the suitability of the parameters of a physically based, distributed, grid-based rainfall-runoff model. We analyzed parameter sensitivity with a dataset of eight rainfall events that occurred in two catchments of South Korea, using the Sobol’ method. Parameters identified as sensitive responded adequately to the scale of the rainfall events and the objective functions employed. Parameter sensitivity varied depending on rainfall scale, even in the same catchment. Interestingly, for a rainfall event causing considerable runoff, parameters related to initial soil satura
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36

Sansom, John, and James A. Renwick. "Climate Change Scenarios for New Zealand Rainfall." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46, no. 5 (2007): 573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2491.1.

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Abstract In terms of the effects of future climate change upon society, some of the most important parameters to estimate are associated with changing risks of extreme rainfall events, both floods and droughts. However, such aspects of the climate system are hard to estimate well using general circulation models (GCMs)—in particular, for a small mountainous landmass such as New Zealand. This paper describes a downscaling technique using broad-scale changes simulated by GCMs to select past analogs of future climate. The analog samples are assumed to represent an unbiased sample of future rainfa
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37

Zhang, Xinzhong, Yu Li, Qin Han, and Yuxin Zhang. "Timescale-dependent responses of hydrological changes from global closed basins since the last glacial maximum." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 46, no. 2 (2021): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03091333211051939.

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Water shortage has plagued the social development and human well-being of global closed basins. However, the hydroclimate research on different time scales in these regions remains inadequate at a global scale. In this paper, the hydrological responses from global closed basins to millennial-scale and centennial-scale cold/warm events since the Last Glacial Maximum were explored. Closed-basin lake records indicate that the westerlies-dominated closed basins are generally wetter during cold events than the corresponding warm ones on the millennial and centennial scales. In contrast, the monsoon
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38

ten Veldhuis, Marie-Claire, Zhengzheng Zhou, Long Yang, Shuguang Liu, and James Smith. "The role of storm scale, position and movement in controlling urban flood response." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 1 (2018): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-417-2018.

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Abstract. The impact of spatial and temporal variability of rainfall on hydrological response remains poorly understood, in particular in urban catchments due to their strong variability in land use, a high degree of imperviousness and the presence of stormwater infrastructure. In this study, we analyze the effect of storm scale, position and movement in relation to basin scale and flow-path network structure on urban hydrological response. A catalog of 279 peak events was extracted from a high-quality observational dataset covering 15 years of flow observations and radar rainfall data for fiv
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39

Cheng, Chad Shouquan, Guilong Li, Qian Li, and Heather Auld. "A Synoptic Weather-Typing Approach to Project Future Daily Rainfall and Extremes at Local Scale in Ontario, Canada." Journal of Climate 24, no. 14 (2011): 3667–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3764.1.

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Abstract This paper attempts to project possible changes in the frequency of daily rainfall events late in this century for four selected river basins (i.e., Grand, Humber, Rideau, and Upper Thames) in Ontario, Canada. To achieve this goal, automated synoptic weather typing as well as cumulative logit and nonlinear regression methods was employed to develop within-weather-type daily rainfall simulation models. In addition, regression-based downscaling was applied to downscale four general circulation model (GCM) simulations to three meteorological stations (i.e., London, Ottawa, and Toronto) w
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40

Mohamed, Mostafa A., and Mohamed El-Sayed El-Mahdy. "Impact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa: a case study of Sudan and South Sudan." Journal of Water and Climate Change 12, no. 5 (2021): 2104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2021.312.

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Abstract The relation between sunspots and rainfall patterns is still obscure in Africa, especially for Sudan and South Sudan. This research explores the response of rainfall to solar activity in eastern regions of Africa, with a case study in Sudan and South Sudan. Rainfall varies with time; therefore, skillful monitoring, predicting, and early warning of rainfall events is indispensable. Severe climatic events, such as droughts and floods, are critical factors in planning and managing all socioeconomic activities. Similar trends for the sunspot activity (sunspot number and sunspot groups) ch
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41

Murphy, Bradley F., Scott B. Power, and Simon McGree. "The Varied Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on Pacific Island Climates." Journal of Climate 27, no. 11 (2014): 4015–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00130.1.

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Abstract El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives interannual climate variability in many tropical Pacific island countries, but different El Niño events might be expected to produce varying rainfall impacts. To investigate these possible variations, El Niño events were divided into three categories based on where the largest September–February sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies occur: warm pool El Niño (WPE), cold tongue El Niño (CTE), and mixed El Niño (ME), between the other two. Large-scale SST and wind patterns for each type of El Niño show distinct and significant differences, as
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42

Jiang, Zhihong, George Tai-Jen Chen, and Ming-Chin Wu. "Large-Scale Circulation Patterns Associated with Heavy Spring Rain Events over Taiwan in Strong ENSO and Non-ENSO Years." Monthly Weather Review 131, no. 8 (2003): 1769–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175//2561.1.

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Abstract Daily rainfall data at 15 stations in Taiwan and the grid dataset of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research during the period of February–March 1951–2000 were used to reveal the characteristics of large-scale circulations associated with spring heavy rain events over Taiwan in strong ENSO and non-ENSO years. The effect of interdecadal variation on the relationship of spring rainfall and ENSO was also examined. Results showed that the different regimes of interdecadal variation that occurred in the late 1970s exert significant effect
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43

Nizar, Sinan, Jobin Thomas, P. J. Jainet, and K. P. Sudheer. "A novel technique for nowcasting extreme rainfall events using early microphysical signatures of cloud development." PLOS Climate 4, no. 5 (2025): e0000497. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000497.

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Accurate forecasting of extreme rainfall events (EREs) at a regional scale with higher lead times is challenging due to the uncertainties in weather model predictions. This study introduces a novel technique to nowcast heavy- and extreme-rainfall events by analyzing early microphysical signatures in mesoscale convective clouds. The method primarily utilizes the cloud top temperature (T) - cloud effective radius (re) profiles derived using remote sensing. We estimate the probability of the occurrence of heavy- and extreme-rainfall events using a logistic regression model with attributes extract
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44

Bazzi, Hassan, Nicolas Baghdadi, Mohammad El Hajj, and Mehrez Zribi. "Potential of Sentinel-1 Surface Soil Moisture Product for Detecting Heavy Rainfall in the South of France." Sensors 19, no. 4 (2019): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040802.

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The objective of this paper is to present an analysis of Sentinel-1 derived surface soil moisture maps (S1-SSM) produced with high spatial resolution (at plot scale) and a revisit time of six days for the Occitanie region located in the South of France as a function of precipitation data, in order to investigate the potential of S1-SSM maps for detecting heavy rainfalls. First, the correlation between S1-SSM maps and rainfall maps provided by the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) was investigated. Then, we analyzed the effect of the S1-SSM temporal resolution on detecting heavy rainfall event
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45

He, Shuangshuang, Jun Wang, and Songnan Liu. "Rainfall Event–Duration Thresholds for Landslide Occurrences in China." Water 12, no. 2 (2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020494.

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A rainfall threshold for landslide occurrence at a national scale in China has rarely been developed in the early warning system for landslides. Based on 771 landslide events that occurred in China during 1998–2017, four groups of rainfall thresholds at different quantile levels of the quantile regression for landslide occurrences in China are defined, which include the original rainfall event–duration (E–D) thresholds and normalized (the accumulated rainfall is normalized by mean annual precipitation) (EMAP–D) rainfall thresholds based on the merged rainfall and the Climate Prediction Center
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46

Isidoro, Jorge Manuel Guieiro Pereira, Alexandre Silveira, and Bruno Oliveira Lima. "Development of a large-scale rainfall simulator for urban hydrology research." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 27, no. 1 (2022): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220200365.

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ABSTRACT This work presented the development and testing of a large-scale rainfall simulator (LSRS) to be used as a research tool on rainfall-runoff and associated transport processes in urban areas. The rainfall simulator consists of a pressurized water supply system which supplies a set of 16 full-cone nozzles. Artificial rainfall with different rainfall intensities can be produced over an area of 100 m2 in a V shape. The assembly is housed in a tailor-made acrylic structure to eliminate the influence of wind and natural rainfall. Runoff is measured and collected at the outlet of the drainag
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47

Minea, Gabriel, Mihaela Iliescu, and Florin Dedu. "Temporal rainfall properties at events scale in the Curvature Subcarpathians (Romania)." Forum geografic XV, Suppl. 2 (2016): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5775/fg.2016.141.s.

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48

BHOWMIK, S. K. ROY. "Some dynamical aspects of meso-scale rainfall events as revealed by physical initialization." MAUSAM 49, no. 1 (2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v49i1.3594.

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In recent years, physical initialization has emerged as a powerful tool to improve initial state of dynamical model during assimilation phase. This improved initial state at high resolution global spectral model is able to provide a tropical meso-scale coverage. In this paper, model out-put is used to study some dynamical aspects of meso-scale rainfall events. Major findings of this study are : (i) Meso-scale rainfall event carries a distinct dynamic structure in vertical profiles of divergence and vertical upward motion, (ii) Meso-scale event exhibits a large diurnal variation in these vertic
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49

Abushandi, Eyad H., and Broder J. Merkel. "Application of IHACRES rainfall-runoff model to the Wadi Dhuliel arid catchment, Jordan." Journal of Water and Climate Change 2, no. 1 (2011): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2011.048.

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With increasing stress on water resources in Jordan, application of rainfall-runoff models can be part of the solution to manage and sustain the water sector. In this paper, the metric conceptual IHACRES model is applied to the Wadi Dhuliel arid catchment, north-east Jordan. Rainfall-runoff data from 19 storm events during 1986 to 1992 have been used in this study. Flood estimation was performed on the basis of daily scales and storm events scales. The model was extended for snowfall in order to cope with such extreme events. Although the best performance of the IHACRES model on a daily basis
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50

Brigode, P., Z. Mićović, P. Bernardara, et al. "Linking ENSO and heavy rainfall events over coastal British Columbia through a weather pattern classification." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 4 (2013): 1455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1455-2013.

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Abstract. Classifications of atmospheric weather patterns (WPs) are widely used for the description of the climate of a given region and are employed for many applications, such as weather forecasting, downscaling of global circulation model outputs and reconstruction of past climates. WP classifications were recently used to improve the statistical characterisation of heavy rainfall. In this context, bottom-up approaches, combining spatial distribution of heavy rainfall observations and geopotential height fields have been used to define WP classifications relevant for heavy rainfall statisti
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