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Duell, Anthony Richard. "A versatile readout system for particle detectors". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245557.
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Montagner, Elison. "Optical readout system for bi-material terahertz sensors". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5478.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.The objective of this work is to design, assemble, and characterize an optical readout for bi-material MEMs sensor arrays that can be integrated into a THz imaging system. All this effort is a contribution to the goals of the research conducted by the Naval Postgraduate School Sensor Research Laboratory on designing and fabricating THz-optimized bi-material MEMs sensor arrays for THz imaging. Basic concepts of THz radiation and detection are presented. Several aspects of THz imaging, and sensor's array readout possibilities, are discussed in terms of the principle of operation for this type of sensor. An experimental optical readout was assembled during this research, and its configuration is shown, as well as all of its component details. The experimental setup was characterized following a method described in this work, and the obtained results are analyzed. Finally, one possibility of optical readout integration with a THz imaging system is suggested.
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Tian, Ye. "SiC Readout IC for High Temperature Seismic Sensor System". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Integrerade komponenter och kretsar, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213969.
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Over the last decade, electronics operating at high temperatures have been increasingly demanded to support in situ sensing applications such as automotive, deep-well drilling and aerospace. However, few of these applications have requirements above 460 °C, as the surface temperature of Venus, which is a specific target for the seismic sensing application in this thesis. Due to its wide bandgap, Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a promising candidate to implement integrated circuits (ICs) operating in such extreme environments. In this thesis, various analog and mixed-signal ICs in 4H-SiC bipolar technology for high-temperature sensing applications are explored, in which the device performance variation over temperatures are considered. For this purpose, device modeling, circuit design, layout design, and device/circuit characterization are involved. In this thesis, the circuits are fabricated in two batches using similar technologies. In Batch 1, the first SiC sigma-delta modulator is demonstrated to operate up to 500 °C with a 30 dB peak SNDR. Its building blocks including a fully-differential amplifier, an integrator and a comparator are characterized individually to investigate the modulator performance variation over temperatures. In the succeeding Batch 2, a SiC electromechanical sigma-delta modulator is designed with a chosen Si capacitive sensor for seismic sensing on Venus. Its building blocks including a charge amplifier, a multiplier and an oscillator are designed. Compared to Batch 1, a smaller transistor and two metal-interconnects are used to implement higher integration ICs in Batch 2. Moreover, the first VBIC-based compact model featured with continuous-temperature scalability from 27 to 500 °C is developed based on the SiC transistor in Batch 1, in order to optimize the design of circuits in Batch 2. The demonstrated performance of ICs in Batch 1 show the feasibility to further develop the SiC readout ICs for seismic sensor system operating on Venus.QC 20170911
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Tripp, Everett. "Interferometric Optical Readout System for a MEMS Infrared Imaging Detector". Digital WPI, 2012. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/222.
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MEMS technology has led to the development of new uncooled infrared imaging detectors. One type of these MEMS detectors consist of arrays of bi-metallic photomechanical pixels that tilt as a function of temperature associated with infrared radiation from the scene. The main advantage of these detectors is the optical readout system that measures the tilt of the beams based on the intensity of the reflected light. This removes the need for electronic readout at each of the sensing elements and reduces the fabrication cost and complexity of sensor design, as well as eliminates the electronic noise at the detector. The optical readout accuracy is sensitive to the uniformity of individual pixels on the array. The hypothesis of the present research is that direct measurements of the height change corresponding to tilt through holographic interferometry will reduce the need for high pixel uniformity. Measurements of displacements for a vacuum packaged detector with nominal responsivity of 2.4nm/K are made with a Linnik interferometer employing the four phase step technique. The interferometer can measure real-time, full-field height variations across the array. In double-exposure mode, the current height map is subtracted from a reference image so that the change in deflection is measured. A software algorithm locates each mirror on the array, extracts the measured deflection at the tip of a mirror, and uses that measurement to form a pixel of a thermogram in real-time. A blackbody target projector with temperature controllable to 0.001K is used to test the thermal resolution of the imaging system. The achieved minimum temperature resolution is better than 0.25K. The double exposure technique removes mirror non-uniformity as a source of noise. A lower than nominal measured responsivity of around 1.5nm/K combined with noise from the measurements made with the interferometric optical readout system limit the potential minimum temperature resolution. Improvements need to be made both in the holographic setup and in the MEMS detector to achieve the target temperature resolution of 0.10K.
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Buchanan, Norm James. "Study of a readout system for a liquid argon calorimeter at ATLAS". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40031.pdf.
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Sarmiento, Leon Mayra Susana. "Testing platform implementation and system integration for an active/passive imager system including readout circuit design". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 5.32 Mb., 170 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3220740.
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Toh, Edwin. "Implementation of an optical readout system for high-sensitivity terahertz microelectromechanical sensor array". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44019.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedIn this thesis, an optical readout scheme was successfully developed based on the Fourier 4F optical configuration and integrated with a custom-fabricated microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based, terahertz (THz), detector array. The MEMS THz detector array and 4F Fourier optics were able to transduce the THz scene into an optical signal that was captured by a commercial charged coupled device (CCD) camera for generating images. A quantum cascade laser (QCL) provided the THz illumination for generating images while post-image processing performed background subtraction in order to obtain the THz scene. The Fourier 4F optical readout system that was implemented was able to profile the general shape of the QCL beam pattern and displayed good linearity of response of about 23 gray level values per Kelvin. The concept of optical readout from a micromechanical sensor array was also validated.
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Cussans, David George. "The optimization of the FADC readout system for the Zeus central tracking detector". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335649.
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Dreier, Till. "Design and verification of a USB 3.0 readout system for Timepix3 hybrid pixel detectors". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34114.
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This thesis describes the design, implementation, and verification of a USB 3.0 readout system for Timepix3 detectors. Timepix3 is a hybrid pixel detector consisting of a 256x256 pixel matrix with a 55 μm pitch and a timing resolution of 1.56ns. It allows to measure energy and time simultaneously utilising an event-driven data stream with a maximum data rate of up to 5.12 Gb/s or up to 85 million hits per second. Our aim is to implement a readout system that allows to add processing algorithms into the firmware, reducing the amount of data and the post-processing time. USB 3.0 was selected as an interface, because it provides a sufficient data rate and is present on all modern computers. Furthermore, the selected Opal Kelly XEM6310 development board provides a framework handling the communication between the FPGA and the host computer, FPGA components, and an API. We implemented a hardware adapter board in collaboration with the University of Glasgow connecting the development board to the detector chip board converting the detector’s output signals from SLVS to LVDS signals. Moreover, we implemented FPGA firmware consisting of a detector interface, USB interface, and a core including a processing interface. A multi-platform desktop library was implemented in C/C++ using Qt, which is used to configure the readout system and handles high speed data streaming. Data analysis and verification is conducted using custom build Python scripts. Simulations of the firmware showed the expected behaviour. The firmware and library were verified by configuring the detector, reading back the configuration, and measurements with an Americium source. An equalisation and a global and per-pixel energy calibration have been done successfully. Moreover, the system has been used to create and correct an X-ray image. Furthermore, the USB 3.0 data streaming performance was evaluated and it could be shown that the system can sustain a stream of around 380 MB/s. The proposed readout system has been implemented and was verified in simulation and experiments with X-ray radiation. USB 3.0 data streaming performed better than anticipated reaching higher speeds as stated by Opal Kelly. Furthermore, the firmware and the library function as intended. The hardware adapter requires some changes to accommodate higher data speeds and the data chan- nels have to be moved to different pins to allow synchronisation to an external clock.Denna avhandling beskriver utveckling och verifikation av ett USB 3.0 baserad utläsningssytem för Timepix3 detektorer. Timepix3 är en hybridpixeldetektor som består av en 256x256 pixelmatris med en pixelstorlek av 55μm2 och som klarar en tidsupplösning av 1.56ns. Detektorn tillåter att mäta energi och tidsinformation samtidigt och använder en händelsedriven dataström med en maximal datahastighet på 5,12 Gb/s som motsvarar ca. 85 miljoner träffar per sekund. Vårt mål är att detta systemet tillåter databehandling i FPGA:n alltså minskar datamängden och efterbehandlingstid. Vi valde USB 3.0 för att det ger en nytsad datahastighet och för att det finns på alla moderna datorer. Dessutom föll valet på ett XEM6310 kort från Opal Kelly som utvecklingsplatform. Opal Kelly erbjuder ett ramverk som hanterar kommunikationen mellan FPGA:n och datorn. Ramverket innehåller FPGA-komponenter och en API. Adapterkort utvecklades i samarbete med University of Glasgow som kopplar vårt utvecklingskort till detektorkortet där detektorutgångssignaler vandlas från SLVS till LVDS signaler. Dessutom implementerade vi FPGA-firmware som består av ett detektorgränssnitt, ett USB-gränssnitt, och en kärna med ett databehandlingsgränssnitt. Ett multi-platform bibliotek utvecklades och implementerades i C/C++ med användning av Qt. Bibliotektet används för att konfigurera utläsningssystemet, konfigurera detektorn, och hantera dataströmmning från och till detektorn. Dataanalys och verifiering utfördes med hjälp av självutvecklade Python-verktyg. Simuleringar av firmware visade det färväntade beteendet. Firmware och bibliote- ket verifierades genom att konfigurera detektorn, läsa tillbaka konfigurationen, och mätningar med en Americiumkälla. Ekvalisering, global energikalibration, och per-pixel-kalibration utfördes också. Dessutom har systemet använts för att ta röntenbilder. Analys av USB 3.0 dataströmming visade att biblioteket och utläsningssystemet kan upprätthålla en ström av upp till 380 MB/s från FPGA:n till datorn. Det beskrivna utläsningssystemet implementerades och verifierades i simulering och experimentellt med hjälp av strålkällar. Dataströmmning med USB 3.0 utförde sig bättre än förväntat och visade högre hastigheter som visas as Opal Kelly. Firmware och biblioteket fungerar som förväntat. Adapterkortet fungerar men kräver vissa ändringar för att tillåta högra datahastigheter. Dessutom måste datakanalerna flyttas till olika ingångar för att synkronisera datakanalerna till en extern klocka.
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Marín, Tobón César Augusto. "PADRE pixel read-out architecture for Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor for the new ALICE Inner Tracking System in TowerJazz 180 nm technolog". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/86154.
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ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the heavy-ion experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. As an important part of its upgrade plans, the ALICE experiment will schedule the installation of a new Inner Tracking System (ITS) during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) of the LHC. The new ITS layout will consist of seven concentric layers, ¿ 12.5 Gigapixel camera covering about 10m2 with Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS). This choice of technology has been guided by the tight requirements on the material budget of 0.3% X/X0 per layer for the three innermost layers and backed by the significant progress in the field of MAPS in recent years. The technology initially chosen for the ITS upgrade is the TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS Technology. It offers a standard epitaxial layer of 15 - 18 µm with a resistivity between 1 and 5 k¿ cm¿1 and a gate oxide thickness below 4 nm, thus being more robust to Total Ionizing Dose (TID). The main subject of this thesis is to implement a novel digital pixel readout architecture for MAPS. This thesis aims to study this novel readout architecture as an alternative to the rolling-shutter readout. However, this must be investigated through the study of several chip readout architectures during the R&D phase. Another objective of this thesis is the study and characterization of TowerJazz, if it meets the Non-Ionizing Energy Loss (NIEL) and Single Event Effects (SEE) of the ALICE ITS upgrade program. Other goals of this thesis are:
¿ Implementation of the top-down flow for this CMOS process and the design of multiple readouts for different prototypes up to the assembly of a full-scale prototype. xvii Abstract
¿ Characterization of the radiation hardness and SEE of the chips submitted to fabrication.
¿ Characterization of full custom designs using analog simulations and the generation of digital models for the simulation chain needed for the verification process.
¿ Implementation and study of different digital readouts to meet the ITS upgrade program in integration time, pixel size and power consumption, from the conceptual idea, production and fabrication phase.
Chapter 1 is a brief overview of CERN, the LHC and the detectors complex. The ALICE ITS will be explained, focusing on the ITS upgrade in terms of detector needs and design constraints. Chapter 2 explains the properties of silicon detectors and the detector material and the principles of operation for MAPS.
Chapters 3 and 4 describe the ALPIDE prototypes and their readout based on MAPS; this forms the central part of this work, including the multiple families of pixel detectors fabricated in order to reach the final design for the ITS. The ALPIDE3/pALPIDE3B chip, the latest MAPS chip designed, will be explained in detail, as well focusing in the matrix digital readout. In
chapter 5 the noise measurements and its characterization are presented including a brief summary of detector response to irradiation with soft X-rays, sources and particle beams.El sub detector ITS (Inner Tracking System) del detector ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) es un detector de vértice y es el detector mas cercano al punto de interacción. Se encuentra conformado por 3 tipos de subdetectores, dos capas de pixel de silicio (Silicon Pixel Detectors), 2 capas de acumulación de silicio (Silicon Drift Detectors) y 2 capas de banda de Silicio (Silicon Strip Detectors). La función primaria del ITS es identificar y rastrear las partículas de bajo momentum transversal. El detector ITS en sus dos capas más internas están equipadas con sensores de silicio basados en píxeles híbridos. Para reemplazar esta tecnología de Píxeles, el detector ITS actual será reemplazado por un nuevo detector de una sola tecnología, ampliando su resolución espacial y mejorando el rastreo de trazas. Este nuevo detector constará de siete capas de sensores de píxeles activos monolíticos (MAPS), las cuales deberán satisfacer los requerimientos de presupuesto de materiales y ser tolerantes a mayores niveles de radiación para los nuevos escenarios de incrementos de luminosidad y mayores tasas de colisiones. Los sensores MAPS que integran el sensor de imagen y los circuitos de lectura se encuentran en la misma oblea de silicio, tienen grandes ventajas en una buena resolución de posición y un bajo presupuesto material en términos de bajo coste de producción. TowerJazz ofrece la posibilidad de una cuádruple-WELL aislando los transistores pMOS que se encuentran en la misma nWELL evitando la competencia con el electrodo de recolección, permitiendo circuitos mas complejos y compactos para ser implementados dentro de la zona activa y además posee una capa epitaxial de alta resistividad. Esta tecnología proporciona una puerta de óxido muy delgado limitando el daño superficial por la radiación haciéndolo adecuado para su uso denxiii Resúmen tro del experimento ALICE. En los últimos cuatro años se ha llevado a cabo una intensiva I+D en MAPS en el marco de la actualización del ITS de ALICE. Varios prototipos a pequeña escala se han desarrollado y probado exitosamente con rayos X, fuentes radioactivas y haces de partículas. La tolerancia a la radiación de ALICE ITS es moderada con una tolerancia de irradiación TID de 700 krad y NIEL de 1 × 1013 1 MeV neqcm¿2 , MAPS es una opción viable para la actualización del ITS. La contribución original de esta tesis es la implementación de una nueva arquitectura digital de lectura de píxeles para MAPS. Esta tesis presenta un codificador asíncrono de direcciones (arquitectura basada en la supresión de ceros transmitiendo la dirección de los píxeles excitados denominada PADRE) para la arquitectura ALPIDE, el autor también hizo una contribución significativa en el ensamblaje y veri- ficación de circuitos. PADRE es la principal investigación del autor, basada en un codificador de prioridad jerárquica de cuatro entradas y es una alternativa a la arquitectura de lectura rolling-shutter. Además de los prototipos a pequeña escala, también se han desarrollado prototipos a escala completa a las necesidades del detector ITS (15 mm y 30 mm) empleando un nuevo circuito de lectura basado en la versión personalizada del circuito PADRE. El pALPIDEfs fue el primer prototipo a escala completa y se caracterizó obteniendo un tiempo de lectura de la matriz por debajo de 4 µs y un consumo de energía en el orden de 80 mWcm¿2 . En general, los resultados obtenidos representan un avance significativo de la tecnología MAPS en cuanto al consumo de energía, velocidad de lectura, tiempo de recolección de carga y tolerancia a la radiación. El sensor pALPIDE2 ha demostrado ser una opción muy atractiva para el nuevo detector ITS, satisfaciendo los requerimientos en términos de eficiencia de detección, fake-hit rate y resolución de posición, ya que su rendimiento no puede alcanzarse mediante prototipos basados en la arquitectura de lectura tradicionales como es
El subdetector ITS (Inner Tracking System) del detector ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) és un detector de vèrtex i és el detector mes proper al punt d'interacció. Es troba conformat per 3 tipus de subdetectors, dues capes de píxel de silici (Silicon Pixel Detectors), 2 capes d'acumulació de silici (Silicon Drift Detectors) i 2 capes de banda de Silici (Silicon Strip Detectors). La funció primària del ITS és identificar i rastrejar les partícules de baix moment transversal. El detector ITS en les seues dues capes més internes estan equipades amb sensors de silici basats en píxels híbrids. Per a reemplaçar aquesta tecnologia de Píxels, el detector ITS actual serà reemplaçat per un nou detector d'una sola tecnologia, ampliant la seua resolució espacial i millorant el rastreig de traces. Aquest nou detector constarà de set capes de sensors de píxels actius monolítics (MAPS), les quals hauran de satisfer els requeriments de pressupost de materials i ser tolerants a majors nivells de radiació per als nous escenaris d'increments de lluminositat i majors taxes de col·lisions. Els sensors MAPS que integren el sensor d'imatge i els circuits de lectura es troben en la mateixa hòstia de silici, tenen grans avantatges en una bona resolució de posició i un baix pressupost material en termes de baix cost de producció. TowerJazz ofereix la possibilitat d'una quàdruple-WELL aïllant els transistors pMOS que es troben en la mateixa nWELL evitant la competència amb l'elèctrode de recol·lecció, permetent circuits mes complexos i compactes per a ser implementats dins de la zona activa i a més posseeix una capa epitaxial d'alta resistivitat. Aquesta tecnologia proporciona una porta d'òxid molt prim limitant el dany superficial per la radiació fent-ho adequat per al seu ús dins de l'- experiment ALICE. En els últims quatre anys s'ha dut a terme una intensiva R+D en MAPS en el marc de l'actualització del ITS d'ALICE. Diversos prototips a petita escala s'han desenvolupat i provat ix Resum reeixidament amb rajos X, fonts radioactives i feixos de partícules. La tolerància a la radiació d'ALICE ITS és moderada amb una tolerància d'irradiació TID de 700 krad i NIEL d'1× 1013 1MeV neqcm¿2 , MAPS és una opció viable per a l'actualització del ITS. La contribució original d'aquesta tesi és la implementació d'una nova arquitectura digital de lectura de píxels per a MAPS. Aquesta tesi presenta un codificador asíncron d'adreces (arquitectura basada en la supressió de zeros transmetent l'adreça dels píxels excitats denominada PADRE) per a l'arquitectura ALPIDE, l'autor també va fer una contribució significativa en l'assemblatge i verificació de circuits. PADRE és la principal recerca de l'autor, basada en un codificador de prioritat jeràrquica de quatre entrades i és una alternativa a l'arquitectura de lectura rolling-shutter. A més dels prototips a petita escala, també s'han desenvolupat prototips a escala completa a les necessitats del detector ITS (15 mm i 30 mm) emprant un nou circuit de lectura basat en la versió personalitzada del circuit PADRE. El pALPIDEfs va ser el primer prototip a escala completa i es va caracteritzar obtenint un temps de lectura de la matriu per sota de 4 µs i un consum d'energia en l'ordre de 80 mWcm¿2 . En general, els resultats obtinguts representen un avanç significatiu de la tecnologia MAPS quant al consum d'energia, velocitat de lectura, temps de recol·lecció de càrrega i tolerància a la radiació. El sensor pALPIDE2 ha demostrat ser una opció molt atractiva per al nou detector ITS, satisfent els requeriments en termes d'eficiència de detecció, fake-hit rate i resolució de posició, ja que el seu rendiment no pot aconseguir-se mitjançant prototips basats en l'arquitectura de lectura tradicionals com és el rolling-shutter dissenyat en la mateixa tecnologia. Per aquesta raó, la R+D en els prototips ALPIDE ha continuat amb l'objectiu d'optimitza
Marín Tobón, CA. (2017). PADRE pixel read-out architecture for Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor for the new ALICE Inner Tracking System in TowerJazz 180 nm technolog [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86154
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Brentzel, Kelvin, Carol Harris y Patrick Coronado. "NPP IN-SITU GROUND SYSTEM - BRIDGING TECHNOLOGIES BETWEEN EOS, NPP AND THE FUTURE". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605585.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaAs part of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP), the Direct Readout Laboratory (DRL) of NASA/GSFC Code 935, is developing the prototype NPP In-Situ Ground System (NISGS). The NISGS supports earth remote sensing, and its functions bridge from all EOS satellites to planning for future NASA and interagency launches. The NISGS solution enables the end user to acquire and process NPP and predecessor instrument data, and provide a means to make these technologies and data products available to the Direct Broadcast Community. This document describes the NISGS model, methodology, and system architecture.
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Shahid, Saiqa [Verfasser]. "Development of a GEM based time projection chamber prototype using a pixelized readout system / Saiqa Shahid". Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064150500/34.
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Alessio, Federico. "Beam, Background and Luminosity Monitoring in LHCb and Upgrade of the LHCb Fast Readout Control". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22044/document.
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Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a été effectué au sein de la collaboration internationale LHCb qui a conçue et qui exploite un détecteur pour la physique des particules auprès de l’accélérateur proton-proton, le LHC, au CERN à Genève. Ces travaux concerne l’opération de l’expérience dans son ensemble. Ils ont montré toutes leurs forces pendant la première année de prise de données qui a débutée fin 2009. Ils couvrent plusieurs systèmes qui sont très dépendant les uns des autres. Deux systèmes sont plus particulièrement étudiés. Le premier est en charge de la surveillance des faisceaux, du niveau des bruits de fond et de la luminosité. Le second permet la visualisation, l’analyse et l’optimisation des conditions expérimentales. Ces deux systèmes sont fortement interconnectés. En effet, l’amélioration de la qualité des faisceaux de la machine et la diminution du bruit de fond augmentent le nombre de collisions utiles pour la physique. En même temps, comprendre les paramètres clefs qui gouvernent l’opération de l’expérience permet de les optimiser et d’améliorer la qualité des données collectéesThere are two main central topics in the thesis: the LHCb beam, background and luminosity monitoring systems and the LHCb optimization systems of experimental conditions. These systems are heavily connected to each other, as improving the machine beam, background and luminosity conditions will automatically improve global operation by maximizing the ratio of luminosity recorded over signal background. At the same time, improving the operation of the experiment will help improve luminosity, by studying more accurately the beam and background conditions and therefore improving the LHC machine settings. In this thesis, the systems to accomplish the requirements of these two main topics are described in detail
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Ortman, Robert L. "Sensory input encoding and readout methods for in vitro living neuronal networks". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44856.
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Establishing and maintaining successful communication stands as a critical prerequisite for achieving the goals of inducing and studying advanced computation in small-scale living neuronal networks. The following work establishes a novel and effective method for communicating arbitrary "sensory" input information to cultures of living neurons, living neuronal networks (LNNs), consisting of approximately 20 000 rat cortical neurons plated on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) containing 60 electrodes. The sensory coding algorithm determines a set of effective codes (symbols), comprised of different spatio-temporal patterns of electrical stimulation, to which the LNN consistently produces unique responses to each individual symbol. The algorithm evaluates random sequences of candidate electrical stimulation patterns for evoked-response separability and reliability via a support vector machine (SVM)-based method, and employing the separability results as a fitness metric, a genetic algorithm subsequently constructs subsets of highly separable symbols (input patterns). Sustainable input/output (I/O) bit rates of 16-20 bits per second with a 10% symbol error rate resulted for time periods of approximately ten minutes to over ten hours. To further evaluate the resulting code sets' performance, I used the system to encode approximately ten hours of sinusoidal input into stimulation patterns that the algorithm selected and was able to recover the original signal with a normalized root-mean-square error of 20-30% using only the recorded LNN responses and trained SVM classifiers. Response variations over the course of several hours observed in the results of the sine wave I/O experiment suggest that the LNNs may retain some short-term memory of the previous input sample and undergo neuroplastic changes in the context of repeated stimulation with sensory coding patterns identified by the algorithm.
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Trimpl, Marcel. "Design of a current based readout chip and development of a DEPFET pixel prototype system for the ILC vertex detector". Bonn : Physikalisches Inst, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978422228.
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Stuttard, Thomas Simon. "The development, testing and characterisation of a straw tracking detector and readout system for the Fermilab muon g-2 experiment". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10040885/.
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The anomalous magnetic moments of leptons can be both measured and theoretically predicted with high precision, and as such provide stringent tests of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, in particular offers sensitivity to new physics within the reach of current experiments. The current world’s best measurement of muon anomalous magnetic moment made at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) deviates from the SM prediction by over 3σ, providing a tantalising but inconclusive hint that contributions from new physics may be present. A new muon anomalous magnetic moment experiment is currently under construction at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), known as the Fermilab muon g-2 experiment. Due to commence in 2017, this new experiment is expected to improve the experimental measurement precision of the muon anomalous magnetic moment by a factor of 4, and is seeking to confirm or reject the current discrepancy. The experiment, like its BNL predecessor, will measure the precession of the muon spin in a magnetic storage-ring. This new experiment has three straw tracking detectors used to measure the beam profile of the stored muons, as well as other dynamic properties of the beam. This thesis describes the design of these detectors, and the data acquisition system and subsequent data processing systems that have been developed to read them out and make their data available for physics analysis. The performance of the straw trackers and the readout systems at a number of beam tests and test stands is presented, in addition to Monte-Carlo simulations of the trackers in the final experiment.
17
Starling, Elizabeth Rose. "Detection and Mitigation of Propagating Electrical Discharges Within the Gas Electron Multiplier Detectors of the CMS Muon System for the CERN HL-LHC". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315833.
Texto completoResumen
In preparation for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN, the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Detector is undergoing a series of upgrades to its existing infrastructure, and is adding in several completely new subdetector systems. The first of these new systems, called GE1/1, is a series of 144 gas electron multiplier (GEM) detectors, arranged as 36 two-detector "superchambers" in each of the muon endcaps of CMS. These detectors are a subtype of micropattern gas detectors, and consist of three layers of "GEM foils", thin sheets of polyimide coated with 5 um of copper on each side and chemically etched with holes of 50 - 70 um diameter at a pitch of 140 um. These layers are stacked on top of a printed circuit board (PCB) readout and sealed within a gastight volume that is filled with Ar:CO2 70:30, and a high voltage is applied to the foils to create electric fields within the GEM detectors. When a muon enters the detector and ionizes the gas within, the ionized electrons encounter these fields and multiply in Townsend avalanches at each successive foil layer, until they are read out at the readout PCB at a gain of ~10^4. In early 2017, a demonstrator system known as the "slice test" was installed into the negative endcap. Consisting of 10 GEM detectors, the two-year-long slice test served as both a proof of concept for the GE1/1 system and an invaluable learning experience that would permanently impact not only the GE1/1 project, but future GEM systems GE2/1 and ME0 as well. During the slice test, it was observed that readout channels were being lost in the course of operation to such a degree that the operational lifetime of the system was in serious jeopardy. These losses were attributed to damage to the front-end readout ASIC (VFAT) inputs, caused propagating electrical discharges within the detectors, and a dedicated campaign to study the discharges was launched. The results of this study will be presented in this dissertation. A campaign to mitigate these discharges and their resulting damage was launched. In order to protect the sensitive VFAT from damage, several external protection circuits were proposed and thoroughly tested. The results of these tests, which are presented herein, determined that a series of resistors totaling 470 Ohms would be installed on the VFAT hybrid. When coupled with an additional 200 kOhm resistor on the HV filter, this reduced the probability of damage following a discharge from 93% to 3% As GE2/1 and ME0 are not due to be installed for another few years, more complex discharge-prevention measures can be put into place. As such, the following measures have been examined, and results will be discussed herein: A new, larger VFAT hybrid is being manufactured, whose larger surface area can accommodate more robust protection circuits than those considered and used for GE1/1. As well, double-segmented GEM foils, in which both the top and bottom of each foil is segmented into < 100 cm^2 sectors that are separated by resistors, were examined for use in the detectors. These double-segmented foils were found to introduce a cross-talk signal in the detectors that results in false signals being treated as true signals, which causes a saturation of the GEM bandwidth and results in unwanted dead time. These cross-talk signals, as well as the compromises made to reduce the cross-talk while maintaining robust discharge prevention, will be discussed.Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
18
Buschmann, Eric [Verfasser], Arnulf [Akademischer Betreuer] Quadt, Arnulf [Gutachter] Quadt y Michele [Gutachter] Weber. "The Readout System for the ITk Pixel Demonstrator for the ATLAS High-Luminosity Upgrade / Eric Buschmann ; Gutachter: Arnulf Quadt, Michele Weber ; Betreuer: Arnulf Quadt". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211173933/34.
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Ritzert, Michael [Verfasser] y Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer. "Development and Test of a High Performance Multi Channel Readout System on a Chip with Application in PET/MR / Michael Ritzert ; Betreuer: Peter Fischer". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1180299973/34.
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20
Dülsen, Carsten [Verfasser]. "A high data rate readout system for particle detectors based on FPGA-to-server ethernet connections and the eXpress Data Path technology / Carsten Dülsen". Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:468-20210914-095252-5.
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21
Niebuhr, Marc [Verfasser]. "Readout system for delay line detectors with a time stamp TDC and a small angle scattering study of intermolecular interactions in protein solutions / Marc Niebuhr". Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1172613710/34.
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22
Trimpl, Marcel [Verfasser]. "Design of a current based readout chip and development of a DEPFET pixel prototype system for the ILC vertex detector / Universität Bonn, Physikalisches Institut. By Marcel Trimpl". Bonn : Physikalisches Inst, 2005. http://d-nb.info/978422228/34.
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23
Kraus, Manuel [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Funk y Stefan [Gutachter] Funk. "The Cosmic-Ray Electron Anisotropy Measured with H.E.S.S. and Characterization of a Readout System for the SST Cameras of CTA / Manuel Kraus ; Gutachter: Stefan Funk ; Betreuer: Stefan Funk". Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159771219/34.
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24
Lupi, Matteo [Verfasser], Udo [Akademischer Betreuer] Kebschull, Rinella Gianluca [Akademischer Betreuer] Aglieri, Udo [Gutachter] Kebschull y Lars [Gutachter] Hedrich. "Design, development, and experimental assessment of a highly-reliable, radiation-tolerant readout system for the upgrade of the ALICE inner tracker / Matteo Lupi ; Gutachter: Udo Kebschull, Lars Hedrich ; Udo Kebschull, Gianluca Aglieri Rinella". Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222588919/34.
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25
Li, Jin Tao. "A novel readout front-end circuit topology for flexible biopotential signal acquisition system = 一種適用於靈活採集生物電信號的新型前端電路結構". Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2144082.
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26
Rahman, Rizvi. "Fullerene based systems for optical spin readout". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e604f0ed-7d3c-44a6-9d97-7c03e7a90580.
Texto completoResumen
Optical spin readout (OSR) in fullerene-based systems has the potential to solve the spin readout and scalability challenges in solid-state quantum information processing. While the rich variety of chemical groups that can be linked (covalently or not) to the fullerenes opens the possibility of making large and controlled arrays of qubits, optical methods can be used to measure EPR down to a single spin thanks to the large energy of optical photons compared to the microwave ones. After reviewing the state of the art of OSR, for which the diamond NV cen- ters constitute the benchmark, we undertake the study of fullerene-based species for OSR. An optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) setup was imple- mented in a commercial EPR spectrometer for this purpose. Each experimental chapter focuses on one of the molecular systems in question: a functionalised C60 fullerene with a phosphonate group (C60-phosphine), porphyrin-fullerene ar- chitectures (weakly, strongly and moderately coupled) and finally erbium-doped trimetallic nitride template (TNT) fullerenes (focusing on ErSc2N@C80). In the C60-phosphine system, coherent optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) in the triplet state has been achieved. Since a large variety of organic and organometallic molecules can be attached to it both via the fullerene cage and the phosponate group, this result makes it a very useful template to study OSR molecules chemically linked to a qubit. In the porphyrin based structures, an intermediate coupling case in the form of a trimer-fullerene host-guest complex is found to allow detection of both the porphyrin and fullerene triplet sates by CW ODMR, which makes organo-metallic complexes a possible coupling route for a qubit to an OSR component. In the TNT fullerene, crystal field mixing makes the Er3+ inaccessible by ODMR. However, optical photons cause a mechanical rearrangement of the en- dohedral cluster which in turns impacts on the observed EPR. In particular, the dynamics of this process have been studied for the first time and hint to- wards diffusion kinetics at low pump power. An orientational selectivity has been discovered by using a polarised pump, and the time dynamics indicate the rearrangement of the matrix via difusion on a free volume around the fullerenes. This shows that the endohedral Er3+ in ErSc2N@C80 can probe the environment outside the cage.
27
Lee, Wook. "Diffraction-based integrated optical readout for micromachined optomechanical sensors". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-09292006-115918/.
Texto completoResumen
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.F. Levent Degertekin, Committee Chair ; David S. Citrin, Committee Member ; Paul E. Hasler, Committee Member ; Peter J. Hesketh, Committee Member ; Zhiping Zhou, Committee Member.
28
Yazıcıoğlu, Refet Fırat [Verfasser]. "Biopotential readout circuits for portable acquisition systems / Refet Fırat Yazıcıoğlu". [Dordrecht] : Springer, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992403782/34.
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Serra, Anatael Enrique Cabrera. "Systematic comparison of the MINOS near & far detector readout systems". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424862.
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Temiz, Yuksel. "Advanced Readout And Control Electronics For Mems Gyroscopes". Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608664/index.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
This thesis reports the development of advanced readout and control electronics for MEMS gyroscopes developed at METU. These gyroscope electronics are separated into three main groups: high sensitive interface circuits, drive mode amplitude controlled self oscillation loops, and sense mode phase sensitive amplitude demodulators. The proposed circuits are first implemented with discrete components, and then integrated on CMOS chips. A self oscillation loop enabling constant amplitude drive mode vibrations independent of sensor parameters and ambient conditions is developed. A fully functional angular rate system, which is constructed by employing this advanced control electronics together with the transresistance amplifier type interfaces and sense mode electronics, is implemented on a dedicated PCB having 5.4x2.4 cm2 area. This system demonstrates an impressive performance far better than the best performance achieved by any angular rate system developed at METU. Bias instability and angle random walk values are measured as 14.3 º/hr and 0.126 º
/&
#8730
hr, respectively. The scale factor of the system is found as 22.2 mV/(º
/sec) with a nonlinearity of 0.01%, and a zero rate output of 0.1 º
/sec, in ±
50 º
/sec measurement range. CMOS unity gain buffer (UGB) and transimpedance amplifier (TIA) type resistive and capacitive interfaces are characterized through AC, transient, and noise tests. It is observed that on chip biasing mechanisms properly DC-bias the high impedance nodes to 0 V potential. UGB type capacitive interfaces demonstrate superior performance than TIA counterparts due to stability problems associated with TIA interfaces. CMOS differential drive mode control and sense mode demodulation electronics give promising results for the future performance tests.
31
Kepenek, Reha. "Capacitive Cmos Readout Circuits For High Performance Mems Accelerometers". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609310/index.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
This thesis presents the development of high resolution, wide dynamic range sigma-delta type readout circuits for capacitive MEMS accelerometers. Designed readout circuit employs fully differential closed loop structure with digital output, achieving high oversampling ratio and high resolution. The simulations of the readout circuit together with the accelerometer sensor are performed using the models constructed in Cadence and Matlab Simulink environments. The simulations verified the stability and proper operation of the accelerometer system. The sigma-delta readout circuit is implemented using XFab 0.6 µm CMOS process. Readout circuit is combined with Silicon-On-Glass (SOG) and Dissolved Wafer Process (DWP) accelerometers. Both open loop and closed loop tests of the accelerometer system are performed. Open loop test results showed high sensitivity up to 8.1 V/g and low noise level of 4.8 µ
g/&
#61654
Hz. Closed loop circuit is implemented on a PCB together with the external filtering and decimation electronics, providing 16-bit digital output at 800 Hz sampling rate. High acceleration tests showed ±
18.5 g of linear acceleration range with high linearity, using DWP accelerometers. The noise tests in closed loop mode are performed using Allan variance technique, by acquiring the digital data. Allan variance tests provided 86 µ
g/&
#61654
Hz of noise level and 74 µ
g of bias drift. Temperature sensitivity tests of the readout circuit in closed loop mode is also performed, which resulted in 44 mg/º
C of temperature dependency. Two different types of new adaptive sigma-delta readout circuits are designed in order to improve the resolution of the systems by higher frequency operation. The two circuits both change the acceleration range of operation of the system, according to the level of acceleration. One of the adaptive circuits uses variation of feedback time, while the other circuit uses multi-bit feedback method. The simulation results showed micro-g level noise in closed loop mode without the addition of the mechanical noise of the sensor.
32
Beikahmadi, Mohammad. "Analysis and design of analog interface circuits for capacitive detector readout systems". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62490.
Texto completoResumen
The full abstract for this thesis is available in the body of the thesis, and will be available when the embargo expires.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
33
Sahin, Emre. "High Performance Readout And Control Electronics For Mems Gyroscopes". Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610386/index.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
This thesis reports the development of various high performance readout and control electronics for implementing angular rate sensing systems using MEMS gyroscopes developed at METU. First, three systems with open loop sensing mechanisms are implemented, where each system has a different drive-mode automatic gain controlled (AGC) self-oscillation loop approach, including (i) square wave driving signal with DC off-set named as OLS_SquD, (ii) sinusoidal driving signal with DC off-set named as OLS_SineD, and iii) off-resonance driving signal named as OLS_OffD. A forth system is also constructed with a closed loop sensing mechanism where the drive mode automatic gain controlled (AGC) self-oscillation loop approach with square wave driving signal with DC off-set named as CLS_SquD. Sense and drive mode electronics employ transimpedance and transresistance amplifiers as readout electronics, respectively. Each of the systems is implemented with commercial discrete components on a dedicated PCB. Then, the angular rate sensing systems are tested with SOG (Silicon-on-Glass) gyroscopes that are adjusted to have two different mechanical bandwidths, more specially 100 Hz and 30 Hz. Test results of all of these cases verify the high performance of the systems.
For the 100 Hz bandwidth, the OLS_SquD system shows a bias instability of 4.67 ˚
/hr, an angle random walk (ARW) 0.080 &
#730
/&
#8730
hr, and a scale factor of 22.6 mV/(&
#730
/sec). For the 30 Hz bandwidth, the OLS_SquD system shows a bias instability of 5.12 &
#730
/hr, an ARW better than 0.017 &
#730
/&
#8730
hr, and a scale factor of 49.8 mV/(&
#730
/sec). For the 100 Hz bandwidth, the OLS_SineD system shows a bias instability of 6.92 &
#730
/hr, an ARW of 0.049 &
#730
/&
#8730
hr, and a scale factor of 17.97 mV/(&
#730
/sec). For the 30 Hz bandwidth, the OLS_SineD system shows a bias instability of 4.51 &
#730
/hr, an ARW of 0.030 &
#730
/&
#8730
hr, and a scale factor of 43.24 mV/(&
#730
/sec). For the 100 Hz bandwidth, the OLS_OffD system shows a bias instability of 8.43 &
#730
/hr, an ARW of 0.086 &
#730
/&
#8730
hr, and a scale factor of 20.97 mV/(&
#730
/sec). For the 30 Hz bandwidth, the OLS_OffD system shows a bias instability of 5.72 &
#730
/hr, an ARW of 0.046 &
#730
/&
#8730
hr, and a scale factor of 47.26 mV/(&
#730
/sec). For the 100 Hz bandwidth, the CLS_SquD system shows a bias instability of 6.32 &
#730
/hr, an ARW of 0.055 &
#730
/&
#8730
hr, and a scale factor of 1.79 mV/(&
#730
/sec). For the 30 Hz bandwidth, the CLS_SquD system shows a bias instability of 5.42 &
#730
/hr, an ARW of 0.057 &
#730
/&
#8730
hr, and a scale factor of 1.98 mV/(&
#730
/sec). For the 100 Hz bandwidth, the R2 nonlinearities of the measured scale factors of all systems are between 0.0001% and 0.0003% in the ±
100 &
#730
/sec measurement range, while for the 30 Hz bandwidth the R2 nonlinearities are between 0.0002% and 0.0062% in the ±
80&
#730
/sec measurement range. These performance results are the best results obtained at METU, satisfying the tactical-grade performances, and the measured bias instabilities and ARWs are comparable to the best results in the literature for a silicon micromachined vibratory gyroscope.
34
Dalal, Milap. "Low noise, low power interface circuits and systems for high frequency resonant micro-gyroscopes". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44861.
Texto completoResumen
Today's state-of-the-art rate vibratory gyroscopes use a large proof mass that vibrates at a low resonance frequency (3-30 kHz), a condition that creates a performance tradeoff in which the gyroscope can either offer large bandwidth or high resolution, but not both. This tradeoff led to the development of the capacitive bulk acoustic wave (BAW) silicon disk gyroscope, a new class of micromachined rate vibratory gyroscopes operating in the frequency range of 1-10MHz with high device bandwidth and shock/vibration tolerance. By scaling the frequency, BAW gyroscopes can provide low mechanical noise without sacrificing the high bandwidth performance needed for most commercial applications. The drive loop of the BAW gyroscope can also be exploited as a timing device that can be integrated in existing commercial systems to provide competitive clock performance to the state-of-the-art using less area and power.
This dissertation discusses the design and implementation of a CMOS ASIC architecture that interfaces with a high-Q, wide-bandwidth BAW gyroscope and the challenges associated with optimizing the noise performance to achieve navigation-grade levels of sensitivity as the frequency is scaled into the MHz regime. Mathematical models are derived to describe the operation of the sensor and are used to generate equivalent electrical circuit models of the gyroscope. A design strategy is then outlined for the ASIC to optimize the drive loop and sense channel for power and noise, and steps toward reducing this noise as the system is pushed to navigation-grade performance are presented that maintain optimum system power consumption.
After analyzing the BAW gyroscope and identifying a strategy for developing the drive and sense interface circuitry, a complete fully-differential ASIC is designed in 0.18μm CMOS to interface with a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) disk gyroscope. As an oscillator, the gyroscope provides an uncompensated clock signal at ~9.64 MHz with a temperature sensitivity of -27 ppm/°C and phase noise of -104 dBc at 1 kHz from carrier. When the complete ASIC is interfaced with the gyroscope, the sensor shows a measured rate sensitivity of 1.15 mV/o/s with an open-loop bandwidth of 280 Hz and a bias instability of 0.095 o/s, suitable for the rate-grade performance commonly required for commercial and consumer electronics applications. The system is recorded to have a total power of 1.6 mW and a total area of 0.64 mm2.
Following the design of the interface ASIC, this dissertation investigates in further detail the requirements for designing and optimizing charge pumps for capacitive MEMS devices. Basic charge pump design is outlined, followed by an overview of techniques that can be used to generate larger polarization voltages from the ASIC. Lastly, an alternate measurement technique for measuring the rotation rate of the gyroscope is discussed. This technique is based on the phase-shift modulation of the gyroscope output signal when the device is driven with two orthogonal signal inputs and can be easily modified to provide either linear scale factor measurement or a linear calibration curve that can be used to track and adjust the variation of the sensor scale factor over time.
35
Liu, Chen-Yi. "Characterization of silicon photomultiplier readout designs for use in positron emission tomography systems". Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18339.
Texto completoResumen
Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, or silicon photomultipliers, are promising light sensors for the next generation Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners. The sensor is being used in the scanner’s gamma ray detector to measure scintillation light. This thesis describes the test results of three gamma ray detectors that utilize silicon photomultipliers. The first one is a commercial detector, and the other two are custom made. The detectors are tested for their 511 keV photon energy and timing resolution, as well as their ability to measure light from small scintillator crystals. The two custom made detectors had smaller active area, but outperformed the commercial detector in energy resolution. The introduction of buffer amplifiers improved the timing resolution of one detector. All three detectors had their crystal decoding ability limited by signal multiplexing and the sensor’s dark noise. Finally, a detector design was proposed for the PET system being developed in our group.
36
Norouz, Pour Shirazi Arashk. "Advanced interface systems for readout, control, and self-calibration of MEMS resonant gyroscopes". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54936.
Texto completoResumen
MEMS gyroscopes have become an essential component in consumer, industrial and automotive applications, owing to their small form factor and low production cost. However, their poor stability, also known as drift, has hindered their penetration into high-end tactical and navigation applications, where highly stable bias and scale factor are required over long period of time to avoid significant positioning error. Improving the long-term stability of MEMS gyroscopes has created new challenges in both the physical sensor design and fabrication, as well as the system architecture used for interfacing with the physical sensor. The objective of this research is to develop interface circuits and systems for in-situ control and self-calibration of MEMS resonators and resonant gyroscopes to enhance the stability of bias and scale factor without the need for any mechanical rotary stage, or expensive bulky lab characterization equipment. The self-calibration techniques developed in this work provide 1-2 orders of magnitude
improvement in the drift of bias and scale factor of a resonant gyroscope over temperature and time.
37
Yazicioglu, Refet Firat. "Surface Micromachined Capacitive Accelerometers Using Mems Technology". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1093475/index.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
Micromachined accelerometers have found large attention in recent years due
to their low-cost and small size. There are extensive studies with different
approaches to implement accelerometers with increased performance for a number of
military and industrial applications, such as guidance control of missiles, active
suspension control in automobiles, and various consumer electronics devices. This
thesis reports the development of various capacitive micromachined accelerometers
and various integrated CMOS readout circuits that can be hybrid-connected to
accelerometers to implement low-cost accelerometer systems.
Various micromachined accelerometer prototypes are designed and optimized
with the finite element (FEM) simulation program, COVENTORWARE, considering
a simple 3-mask surface micromachining process, where electroplated nickel is used
as the structural layer. There are 8 different accelerometer prototypes with a total of
65 different structures that are fabricated and tested. These accelerometer structures occupy areas ranging from 0.2 mm2 to 0.9 mm2 and provide sensitivities in the range
of 1-69 fF/g.
Various capacitive readout circuits for micromachined accelerometers are
designed and fabricated using the AMS 0.8 µm n-well CMOS process, including a single-ended and a fully-differential switched-capacitor readout circuits that can operate in both open-loop and close-loop. Using the same process, a buffer circuit with 2.26fF input capacitance is also implemented to be used with micromachined gyroscopes. A single-ended readout circuit is hybrid connected to a fabricated accelerometer to implement an open-loop accelerometer system, which occupies an area less than 1 cm2 and weighs less than 5 gr. The system operation is verified with various tests, which show that the system has a voltage sensitivity of 15.7 mV/g, a nonlinearity of 0.29 %, a noise floor of 487 Hz µ
g , and a bias instability of 13.9 mg, while dissipating less than 20 mW power from a 5 V supply. The system presented in this research is the first accelerometer system developed in Turkey, and this research is a part of the study to implement a national inertial measurement unit composed of low-cost micromachined accelerometers and gyroscopes.
38
Yakopcic, Chris. "Memristor Device Modeling and Circuit Design for Read Out Integrated Circuits, Memory Architectures, and Neuromorphic Systems". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1398725462.
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Troska, Jan Kevin. "Radiation-hard optoelectronic data transfer for the CMS tracker". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313621.
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40
Zhang, Bo. "Design, modelling and simulation of a novel micro-electro-mechanical gyroscope with optical readouts". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1101.
Texto completoResumen
Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007Micro Electro-Machnical Systems (MEMS) applications are fastest development technology present. MEMS processes leverage mainstream IC technologies to achieve on chip sensor interface and signal processing circuitry, multi-vendor accessibility, short design cycles, more on-chip functions and low cost. MEMS fabrications are based on thin-film surface microstructures, bulk micromaching, and LIGA processes. This thesis centered on developing optical micromaching inertial sensors based on MEMS fabrication technology which incorporates bulk Si into microstructures. Micromachined inertial sensors, consisting of the accelerometers and gyroscopes, are one of the most important types of silicon-based sensors. Microaccelerometers alone have the second largest sales volume after pressure sensors, and it is believed that gyroscopes will soon be mass produced at the similar volumes occupied by traditional gyroscopes. A traditional gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum. The essence of the gyroscope machine is a spinning wheel on an axle. The device, once spinning, tends to resist changes to its orientation due to the angular momentum of the wheel. In physics this phenomenon is also known as gyroscopic inertia or rigidity in space. The applications are limited by the huge volume. MEMS Gyroscopes, which are using the MEMS fabrication technology to minimize the size of gyroscope systems, are of great importance in commercial, medical, automotive and military fields. They can be used in cars for ASS systems, for anti-roll devices and for navigation in tall buildings areas where the GPS system might fail. They can also be used for the navigation of robots in tunnels or pipings, for leading capsules containing medicines or diagnostic equipment in the human body, or as 3-D computer mice. The MEMS gyroscope chips are limited by high precision measurement because of the unprecision electrical readout system. The market is in need for highly accurate, high-G-sustainable inertial measuring units (IMU's). The approach optical sensors have been around for a while now and because of the performance, the mall volume, the simplicity has been popular. However the production cost of optical applications is not satisfaction with consumer. Therefore, the MEMS fabrication technology makes the possibility for the low cost and micro optical devices like light sources, the waveguide, the high thin fiber optical, the micro photodetector, and vary demodulation measurement methods. Optic sensors may be defined as a means through which a measurand interacts with light guided in an optical fiber (an intrinsic sensor) or guided to (and returned from) an interaction region (an extrinsic sensor) by an optical fiber to produce an optical signal related to the parameter of interest. During its over 30 years of history, fiber optic sensor technology has been successfully applied by laboratories and industries worldwide in the detection of a large number of mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, radiation, chemical, motion, flow and turbulence of fluids, and biomedical parameters. The fiber optic sensors provided advantages over conventional electronic sensors, of survivability in harsh environments, immunity to Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI), light weight, small size, compatibility with optical fiber communication systems, high sensitivity for many measurands, and good potential of multiplexing. In general, the transducers used in these fiber optic sensor systems are either an intensity-modulator or a phase-modulator. The optical interferometers, such as Mach-Zehnder, Michelson, Sagnac and Fabry-Perot interferometers, have become widely accepted as a phase modulator in optical sensors for the ultimate sensitivity to a range of weak signals. According to the light source being used, the interferometric sensors can be simply classified as either a coherence interferometric sensor if a the interferometer is interrogated by a coherent light source, such as a laser or a monochromatic light, or a lowcoherence interferometric sensor when a broadband source a light emitting diode (LED) or a superluminescent diode (SLD), is used. This thesis proposed a novel micro electro-mechanical gyroscope system with optical interferometer readout system and fabricated by MEMS technology, which is an original contribution in design and research on micro opto-electro-mechanical gyroscope systems (MOEMS) to provide the better performances than the current MEMS gyroscope. Fiber optical interferometric sensors have been proved more sensitive, precision than other electrical counterparts at the measurement micro distance. The MOMES gyroscope system design is based on the existing successful MEMS vibratory gyroscope and micro fiber optical interferometer distances sensor, which avoid large size, heavy weight and complex fabrication processes comparing with fiber optical gyroscope using Sagnac effect. The research starts from the fiber optical gyroscope based on Sagnac effect and existing MEMS gyroscopes, then moving to the novel design about MOEMS gyroscope system to discuss the operation principles and the structures. In this thesis, the operation principles, mathematics models and performances simulation of the MOEMS gyroscope are introduced, and the suitable MEMS fabrication processes will be discussed and presented. The first prototype model will be sent and fabricated by the manufacture for the further real time performance testing. There are a lot of inventions, further research and optimize around this novel MOEMS gyroscope chip. In future studying, the research will be putted on integration three axis Gyroscopes in one micro structure by optical sensor multiplexing principles, and the new optical devices like more powerful light source, photosensitive materials etc., and new demodulation processes, which can improve the performance and the interface to co-operate with other inertial sensors and navigation system.
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Meder, Lukas Dominik [Verfasser] y J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Becker. "Timing Synchronization and Fast-Control for FPGA-based large-scale Readout and Processing Systems / Lukas Dominik Meder ; Betreuer: J. Becker". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136021841/34.
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Anderson, Christopher R. "Evaluation of gigabit links for use in HEP trigger processing". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367118.
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Yang, Rui. "Coupling Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS) with Electronic and Optical Properties of Atomic Layer Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2)". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459776436.
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Dietrich, Michael [Verfasser], Philipp [Gutachter] Albrecht y Christine [Gutachter] Rose. "Evaluation of neuroprotective strategies in inflammatory and degenerative animal models by visual system readouts / Michael Dietrich ; Gutachter: Philipp Albrecht, Christine Rose". Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1209354152/34.
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COSTA, FABIO E. da. "Desenvolvimento de sondas cirúrgicas radioguiadas com semicondutores de TlBr e com cristais cintiladores de CsI(Tl)". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11426.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Hanlon, Moshe David Leavers. "The development of p-type silicon detectors for the high radiation regions of the LHC". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367258.
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Huang, Kun-Xian y 黃坤賢. "Front-End Readout System of Neutrino Telescope". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19687525499531628737.
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碩士臺灣大學
物理研究所
95
Abstract NuTel is the detector for detecting Tau Neutrino. By watching light from air shower behind the mountain, we may detect high energy ¿ particle that is coming from º¿ . The whole system consists of optics and electronic readout. Electronic readout include MAPMT, Pre-amp and DCM. Finally, DCMs record triggered events and DAQ read and save these data into hard disc through CPCI bus. My study are related to the front-end readout system tests and DAQ (data acquisition system). In this thesis I will introduce how user can use this DAQ system to take data from DCM and how can driver transfer data to user.The electronics test results of Pre-amps and DCMs are also discussed in this thesis.
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Huang, Kun-Xian. "Front-End Readout System of Neutrino Telescope". 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2707200713150600.
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Lee, Che-Min y 李哲民. "The Readout System of Chlorophyll Contents and Chip-Integration". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24571895739104863872.
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碩士中原大學
電子工程研究所
100
The study aims to develop a device that measures the chlorophyll content in a leaf using the optical sensing method. Chlorophyll has great relationship in plant growth conditions. Because Chlorophyll has different absorption characteristics for light wavelength, so we using the idea of Beer Lambert Law which relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling, so that chlorophyll content can be determine. Utilizing the strong absorption characteristic of 660nm light wavelength to determine the chlorophyll content and then compare it with the absorption characteristic under 940nm wavelength to determine the measurement error, this can be done by determining the change in current of the photodiode. Light emitting diode, photodiode, transimpedance amplifier, ADC,and microcontroller unit can be used to complete the read-out circuit for chlorophyll content which is better and 80% cheaper than the ones in the market and using ZigBee to transmission. To Combine the transimpedance amplifier , ADC , and Parallel to Serial Circuit by using TSMC 0.35µm technology can effectively reduce the area and power consumption of the system. Using the proposed system to measure the chlorophyll content of Osmanthus leaves the correlation coefficient can reach 0.72 and the inaccuracy is ± 3 SPAD and Chip area is 1.46×1.46 mm2 sample rate is 50K Hz and current range is 0~ 50µA.
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顏文信. "Simulation and research of the optical drive readout system". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55271902889168851593.
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