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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Redes metal-orgánicas"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Redes metal-orgánicas"
Loera Serna, Sandra, Jazmín Ruiz Angeles, Jorge Flores Moreno y Lídice Soto Portas. "Protegiendo fármacos con nanomateriales inteligentes". Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología 5, n.º 1 (6 de marzo de 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2012.1.45133.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Redes metal-orgánicas"
ROMERO, ROMERO FERNANDO 427180 y ROMERO FERNANDO ROMERO. "Desarrollo de membranas para la separación de olefinas utilizando redes metal orgánicas (mofs)". Tesis de doctorado, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/69415.
Texto completoDue to the importance of the search for new methods in the industry, with low cost, less aggressive to the environment and easy to implement, the possibility of separation of olefins, in particular, propylene (C3H6) and propane (C3H8) a Through Metal Organic Networks (MOFs). MOF membrane technologies have become an active area in recent years, mainly because of the flexibility in design, as well as their thermal and chemical stability. In addition to being materials that can meet critical parameters such as selectivity without compromising permeation, unlike polymer or inorganic membranes. Therefore, it was proposed to construct a solid absorbent material such as Zeolitic Imidazolate Networks (ZIFs) and Organic Metal Networks (MOFs) supported on a solid material (α-alumina) for the Separation of propane-propylene, so that they can serve as a package within an adsorption column. The first part of the document presents generally the demand for propylene, the processes commonly employed in the separation of olefins-paraffins, a description of the MOFs and because they can be considered as an option, the methods for the preparation of membranes ending with a review of the state of the art of these materials in gas separation. The second part is composed of the experimental part for the synthesis of membranes by the in situ growth method for the membranes of ZIFs (ZIF-7 and ZIF- DESARROLLO DE MEMBRANAS PARA LA SEPARACIÓN DE OLEFINAS UTILIZANDO REDES METAL ORGANICAS (MOFs) xiii 8), while for the MOF membrane (HKUST-1) Was performed by secondary growth, complementing this section with the characterization techniques used as: scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrophotometry, thermogravimetric analysis as well as permeation tests to evaluate the performance of the membranes. Finally, the results of the synthesized membranes are presented, where a higher selectivity coefficient is presented for the ZIF-8 membrane ie it has a higher affinity for propane, whereas the HKUST-1 membrane reverses the affinity for propylene. Therefore, it is considered that this study has an important contribution to the recovery of olefins.
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Nuñez, Carapia Jorge. "DISEÑO DE UNA TORRE DE SEPARACIÓN DE GASES UTILIZANDO MEMBRANAS DE REDES METAL ORGÁNICAS". Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104902.
Texto completoIn the petrochemical industry, there has always been a great interest in the separation of mixtures derived from petroleum compounds, for which separation operations have been used, such as fraction distillation whose equipment and operation are usually commercially expensive and complicated processes. This due to the small differences in the volatility of the compounds present in these azeotropic mixtures. For this reason, since the last decade, research has been carried out in order to propose alternative separation processes based not only on the boiling points of the components of these mixtures, but also on their physical characteristics which allow their easy and more efficient separation, such as: its molecular diameter. This research work aims to design a gas separation tower based on a membrane system of well-structured, ordered, integrated MOFs with the ability to separate the components of a binary mixture by passing through it. Among the existing variety of MOFs, ZIF-8 (Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8) is one of the most studied so far, due to its great chemical, thermal stability and its strong covalent bonds, which make it a great alternative for the separation of hydrocarbons. Based on the foregoing, the synthesis of ZIF-8 membranes supported on 𝛼−𝐴𝑙2𝑂3 with disk-type and tubular geometries was initially carried out using the solvothermal method 1) in-situ and 2) with previous modification of the support surface. Subsequently, the membranes were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), for the analysis of the crystalline phase and the morphology of the MOF, respectively. With the results obtained, it was concluded that the synthesis of membranes of ZIF-8 with previous modification of the support surface, promotes the nucleation and crystal growth in a more uniform way, avoiding empty spaces in the membrane, which would cause a reduction in the selectivity of this in the separation of gases. VII Next, the test were carried out on the permeation equipment with the proposed gases –𝐶𝑂2, 𝐻2 y 𝑁2–, with which the permeance data for the three gases were obtained, by means of the Time Lag Method. Consequently, these values were used to determine the ideal separation factor (selectivity) for the three possible binary mixtures, these being up to 4.35 in the 𝐻2/𝑁2 system. Taking into account the permeation values for the test gases and the normal operating conditions of the permeation equipment of the Membrane Laboratory of the Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, it was possible to calculate the necessary permeation area for a module of gas separation, by means of the molar balance of the perfect mixture model proposed in the literature. Based on the previous design calculations, it was possible to propose a cascade operation of a gaseous binary mixture separation tower in three cross-flow modules based on tubular membranes, which achieves a high selectivity due to the pore size of the MOF used, favoring the separation of the compounds present in the proposed binary mixtures. This becomes a good proposal to carry out studies for its possible scaling at an industrial level.
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Gan, Lei. "Design, Synthesis and Applications of V-shaped Polycarboxylate meta–Carborane-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670518.
Texto completoEste trabajo de Tesis está dedicado a la síntesis y diseño de ligandos V-shaped policarboxilato basados en la unidad meta-carborano y la exploración de las redes metal-órganicas (MOFs) de dichos ligandos con clústeres de Cu y Zn. Los MOFs basados en carborano presentan propiedades diversas, como es el caso de una extraordinaria hidrofobicidad que le confiere los fragmentos carborano. Motivados por estas propiedades, se presentan en esta tesis los primeros MOFs tridimensionales basados en policarboxilato derivados del meta-carborano y que presentan excelentes propiedades de separación, tanto de líquido como de gas y de captura de compuestos de fósforo tóxicos.
In this thesis, we present a study on the design and synthesis of V-shaped polycarboxylate meta–carborane-based linkers and the exploration of their resulting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with Cu or Zr clusters. These carborane-based MOFs show some properties such as extraordinary hydrolytic stability, as a result of the high hydrophobicity of the carborane moieties. Based on these properties, the first reported three-dimensional polycarboxylate meta–carborane-based MOFs exhibit good gas, liquid separation and capture of toxic phosphorous compound.
Garzón, Tovar Luis Carlos. "Confining Reactions in a Droplet: Synthesis of MOFs, COFs and Composites using Spray-Drying". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664004.
Texto completoA new age in materials chemistry started with the discovery of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent-Organic frameworks. In particular, the introduction of reticular chemistry represented a revolutionary strategy that gave chemists infinite opportunities toward the design and construction of novel functional materials with exceptional properties, such as their high porosity, high structural/compositional flexibility and low densities (for COFs). Indeed, these properties render MOFs and COFs as promising materials for multiple applications of commercial interest, including gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensing, drug delivery, water harvesting and adsorptive heat transformation systems. These possibilities have promoted a rapid and explosive pace of expansion in this field and as a result, academia and industry have begun to propose several initiatives towards the commercialization of these porous materials. However, despite these efforts, the scientific community has also recognized that the use of these materials could be limited by the challenges pertaining to their production methods at large scale since harsh conditions are usually needed to synthesize them. In this sense, novel approaches for their synthesis have been developed recently. In particular, the spray-drying method has emerged as a promising technology for the synthesis of MOFs at large scale. However, spray-drying is still in its embryonic stage and therefore, there are many challenges that need to be overcome. In this Thesis, we have developed new strategies to synthesize MOFs. In particular, we describes a new methodology based on coupling two processes —spray-drying and continuous flow— for continuous synthesis of MOFs assembled from high-nuclearity secondary building units (SBUs). In addition, we demonstrated that the spray-drying-continuous flow method can be used not only to synthesize MOF superstructures but also to incorporate functional species, thereby providing a new route for the synthesis of MOF-based composites. In this thesis, we extend the use of spray-drying technique to covalent chemistry. To this end, we show that different imines can be synthesized from Schiff-base condensation reactions between discrete aldehydes and amines using the spray-drying. We also show that this chemistry can be extended to post-synthetically modify MOFs. For example, we show the post-synthetic modification of two MOFs, the amine-terminated UiO-66-NH2 and the aldehyde-terminated ZIF-90. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Schiff-base condensation reactions can be extended to the synthesis of COFs. Thus, we prove that spherical superstructures made from the assembly of imine-based COF nanocrystals can be obtained by combining the spray-drying technique with a dynamic covalent chemistry process. In addition, we show that this methodology enables the integration of other functional materials such as dyes and magnetic nanoparticles into these superstructures forming COF-based composites.
Palomino, Cabello Carlos. "Estudio espectroscópico y termodinámico de la adsorción de gases en redes metalo-orgánicas". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283227.
Texto completoS’han preparat sòlids porosos constituïts per xarxes metal•lorgàniques (MOFs) pertanyents a les famílies MOF-74, MIL-101 i MIL-100 mitjançant l’optimizació de rutes de síntesi solvotermal ja conegudes. Els materials obtinguts s’han caracteritzat mitjançant difracció de raigs X, microscòpia electrònica, anàlisi termogravimètrica i espectroscòpia FTIR. La naturalesa i accessibilitat dels centres metàl•lics coordinativament insaturats presents en les mostres ha estat estudiada fent ús d’espectrocòpia IR de CO adsorbit. Estudis mitjançant espectroscòpia FTIR de l’H2 i el CO2 adsorbit a temperatura variable han permès determinar els corresponents valors d’entalpia (H0) i entropía (S0) estàndard d’adsorció de l’hidrogen i el diòxid de carboni en les xarxes metal•lorgàniques preparades. Els estudis termodinàmics realitzats han permès a més demostrar l’existència d’una correlació positiva (no lineal) entre els valors de H0 i S0 tant de l’hidrogen com del diòxid de carboni. Els valors d’entapia estándar d’adsorció obtinguts en ambos casos per a les xarxes metal•lorgàniques estudiades es troben entre els més alts publicats fins ara per MOFs que contenen cations coordinativament insaturats. Aquests resultats corroboren que la incorporació de centres metàl•lics amb elevada densitat de càrrega millora l’afinitat d’aquest tipus de materials pel H2 i el CO2 a baixes pressions, el que pot conduir a l’obtenció de materials adsorbents òptims per al ser ús tant en l’emmagatzematge eficient (a baix cost) d’hidrogen com per a la captura de diòxid de carboni.
By optimizing procedures for solvothermal synthesis, we have prepared metal-organic frameworks of the MOF-74, MIL-100 and MIL-101 structural types. These materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and FTIR spectroscopic. The nature and accessibility of the coordinatively unsaturated adsorption centres was studied by using CO as an IR molecular probe. Variable-temperature FTIR spectroscopy was used to determine the standard adsorption enthalpy, H0, and entropy, S0, of hydrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption in the metal-organic frameworks prepared. Analysis of the results obtained showed the existence of a positive, and non-linear, enthalpy-entropy correlation for both, hydrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption. The H2 and CO2 standard adsorption enthalpies obtained for the metal-organic frameworks studied herein rank among the highest H0 values reported until now for H2 and CO2 adsorption on MOFs containing open metal cations. These results confirm that the incorporation of highly charged metal centers increases H2 and CO2 affinity at low coverage, and that further studies on these type of porous solids might lead to the finding of good adsorbent materials for both, hydrogen storage and carbon dioxide capture and release.
Avci, Civan. "Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8: control of particle size and shape and its self-assembly". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666786.
Texto completoThe present Thesis aims to give the reader new insights on the controlled manipulation of Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) materials with nano-scale precision and its consequences in the final properties and applications. The study presented here hopes to form a bridge between MOFs and Nanotechnology; which means, bridging the classical expectations from the bulk properties of MOFs with novel functions that can arise upon the manipulation at the nano-scale. Here we demonstrate this bridging with a prototypical MOF, namely Zeolitic-Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8), which is one of the most studied MOF, due to its easy synthesis and promising properties including high porosity and exceeding thermal, chemical and water stability. The Thesis is organized into two parts. Chapter 1 constitutes the first part where the reader will find an introduction of the concept of porosity, with examples of naturally porous materials. This Chapter continues with a brief introduction of MOFs, an extensive introduction to ZIFs and, even more extensive introduction to ZIF-8. Thanks to the carefully selected examples and concepts, this introductory Chapter attempts to draw attention of the reader to the main point of this Thesis, which is the manipulation of MOFs at the nano-scale in order to reach beyond the classical aspects. The second part of this Thesis starts with a description of the objectives in Chapter 2. Then, each chapters 3, 4 and 5 includes a publication related to the manipulation of ZIF-8 at the nano-scale using ZIF-8 and -in some cases- other MOFs. In these studies, we followed three main approaches: 1. Post-synthetic top-down approach; 2. Post-synthetic bottom-up approach; and 3. In-situ modulation and self-assembly of particles. The publication in Chapter 3 is related to the post-synthetic top-down approach, explaining the anisotropic etching of ZIF-8 crystals to reach unprecedented shapes that are unachievable by conventional synthetic methods. The publication also attempts to explain the underlying mechanism of this anisotropic etching of ZIF-8 crystals. Also, to shed light on other MOFs and to prove the generality of the method, anisotropic etching of ZIF-67 crystals is demonstrated. The second publication, which constitutes Chapter 4, is centered on the post-synthetic bottom-up approach where the size, shape, composition and architecture of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 crystals are modified using post-synthetic wet-chemistry. This publication explains the manipulation of MOF crystals by post-synthetic growing steps of other MOF layers, the functionalization of MOF particles with inorganic nanoparticles (InNPs) and finally, the design of complex multi-layered MOF-InNP composite materials that can be used as catalysts in cascade reactions. The last publication presented in this Thesis, in Chapter 5, is related to the in-situ modulation and self-assembly of MOF particles. This publication includes the production of MOF particles with very high size and shape monodispersity using surfactants as modulators. In this sense, highly monodisperse ZIF-8 and UiO-66 particles with various sizes and shapes were produced using CTAB and PVP, respectively, with polydispersive index < 5% for ZIF-8 and < 8% for UiO-66. It also includes the colloidal self-assembly of these MOF crystals via a fast droplet evaporation method to form ordered superstructures with well-defined crystalline superlattices that can be used as 3D photonic crystals when the particle size is selected appropriately. Finally, the photonic properties of these MOF photonic crystals and evaluation of this sensing capability of alcohol vapors are exploited.
Yazdi, Amirali. "Nanoengineering composites made of metal- and covalent- organic frameworks and inorganic nanoparticles using encapsulation techniques". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666772.
Texto completoThe present PhD Thesis has been dedicated to the design and synthesis of a new type of composites of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) with inorganic nanoparticles (iNPs) and the use of these composites for heterogeneous catalysis. In the first chapter, we introduce the family of composites made by supporting iNPs on/in different materials, focusing on those constructed with MOFs and COFs. Then, the general objectives of the Thesis are described in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 shows the results in “The influence of the MOF shell thickness on the catalytic performance of composites made of inorganic (hollow) nanoparticles encapsulated into MOFs”, Catalysis Science & Technology (2016). Herein, we report the encapsulation of hollow Pt or Pd nanoparticles (NPs) into ZIF-8, making a series of composites in which the ZIF-8 shell thickness has been systematically varied. By using these composites as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and Eosin Y, we show that the MOF shell thickness plays a key role in the catalytic performance of this class of composites. In Chapter 4, hybrid core-shell Au/CeO2 NPs dispersed in UiO-66 shaped into microspherical beads are created using the spray-drying continuous-flow method. The combined catalytic properties of nanocrystalline CeO2 and Au in a single particle and the support and protective function of porous UiO-66 beads make the resulting composites show good performances as catalysts for CO oxidation (T50 = 72 °C; T100 = 100 °C) and recyclability. The results are included in the manuscript entitled “Core-shell Au/CeO2 nanoparticles supported in UiO-66 beads exhibiting full CO conversion at 100 °C”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A (2017). Finally, in Chapter 5, we demonstrated a two-step method that enables imparting new functionalities to COFs by nanoparticle confinement. The direct reaction between 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbaldehyde in the presence of a variety of metallic/metal-oxide nanoparticles resulted in the embedding of the nanoparticles in amorphous and nonporous imine-linked polymer organic spheres. Post-treatment reactions of these polymers with acetic acid under reflux led to crystalline and porous imine-based COF- hybrid spheres. Interestingly, porous imine-based COF-hybrids with Au and Pd NPs were found to be catalytically active. These results have been reported in the publication entitled “Confining Functional Nanoparticles into Colloidal Imine-Based COF Spheres by a Sequential Encapsulation-Crystallization Method”. Chemistry a European Journal (2017).
Xu, Heng. "Post-Synthetic Modification of Metal-Organic Frameworks by Solid-Gas Ozonolysis". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667135.
Texto completoThis present PhD Thesis has been dedicated to the exploration and study the solid-gas phase ozonolysis as a quick, simple and versatile method for post-synthetic modification of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In the first Chapter, a brief introduction to the origin of MOFs is given, followed by typical concepts for design and synthesis of the porous materials. We then pay special attention to the current methodologies that used for post-synthesic modifications of MOFs with state-of-the-art advancements and selected examples, aiming to place the reader in the context of the thesis. Additionally, the main applications of post-synthetically functionalized MOFs are provided. In Chapter 2, the general and specific objectives of the Thesis are introduced. In Chapter 3, we develop a new post-synthetic methodology for functionalization of MOFs based on the solid-gas ozonolysis. The generated ozonide rings are identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. Moreover, the generality of this method has been proven by a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation, as confirmed by single-crystal X-Ray diffraction together with density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Finally, the amenability of ozonide functionality is demonstrated by selectively workup treatment. Chapter 4 extends the use of the solid-gas ozonolysis to post-synthetic modification of MOF porosity. We show that, by carefully selecting mixed-ligand Zr-fcu-MOFs based on organic ligand pairs in which one ligand has ozone-cleavable olefin bonds and the other ligand is ozone-resistant, we were able to selectively break the cleavable ligand via ozonolysis to trigger fusion of micropores into mesopores within MOF framework. Thus, the mesoporous MOFs are subsequently created through removal of ligand fragments by washing or sublimation, as evidenced by their distinct gas sorption properties.
Portolés, Gil Núria. "Green synthesis of coordination polymers using supercritical carbon dioxide". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669382.
Texto completoRecently, the research in coordination polymers (CPs) and porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has raised a large interest, since these materials are considered potential candidates for numerous applications, including drug delivery, catalysis, gas separation and storage. Generally, these materials are synthetized using toxic organic solvents and high temperatures. Therefore, the development of sustainable synthetic approaches becomes necessary to speed up the industrial expansion of these products. The main aim of this work is to synthetize CPs using a green technology based on supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) solvent. To date, the use of scCO2 in the field of CPs and MOFs has been mainly limited to the post-synthetic activation or cleaning steps. The use of scCO2 can go further, including the synthesis of these materials. Hence, the main objective of this work is to demonstrate this possibility, stablishing a synthetic protocol. In order to achieve the main aim, a new methodology has been developed to explore the synthesis of new single and mixed-metal CPs with different dimensionalities. CPs have been obtained by reacting a metallic complex and an organic linker in scCO2. Fluorinated organometallic complexes (i.e., hexafluoroacetylacetonate) and N-donor organic linkers have been selected taking into account their significant solubility in scCO2. Alternatives for systems involving metal complexes with low solubility have been also developed, based on the use of ancillary ligands for the metal. Linear bipyridyl and trigonal polypyridyl connectors have also been used. The growing interest in the synthesis of these CPs based on N-donor organic linkers is related to their core’s planar geometry, ideally suited to generate highly symmetrical structures. Most importantly, the green character of the synthesis allows to consider its use for the synthesis of biocompatible materials. Therefore, as a proof of concept the use of bio-linkers, e.g., curcumin and ferulic acid, for 2D and 3D bioMOFs synthesis has been explored. In short, along the different Chapters the viability of the easy, fast and eco-friendly synthesis of CPs and MOFs using scCO2 has been demonstrated. Using diverse metal nodes and linkers, 17 new CPs have been crystallized in this solvent, most of them elucidated crystallographically. The way in which synthetic obstacles in scCO2, such as low solubility of reagents or fast precipitation of kinetic phases are overcome, has been described along the different Chapters. Applications in gas adsorption, magnetism and drug delivery have also been presented.