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1
Evans, Paul. "A multimedia system to instruct novice users of online library catalogues." Thesis, View thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:342.
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The research reported here focuses on the application of multimedia to the teaching of information skills in academic libraries. Specifically, the research project has involved the development and evaluation of a multimedia system to instruct novice users of online library catalogues. The research has included an investigation of the characteristics and needs of novice library users. The ways in which novices approach using library-based information technologies which may be applied to any instructional programme for teaching novices how to use library-based information technologies. The research project has involved the development of a comprehensive multimedia system based on the theoretical model. The multimedia system was designed using Macromedia Director v.4.04. The production techniques and operation of the multimedia system are described in some detail. The multimedia system was evaluated and tested using formative evaluation strategies. The evaluation involved the prototype system being reviewed by expert librarians, and multimedia producers, as well as novice users of online library catalogues. The information gathered during the evaluation was used to make suggestions about improvements to the design of the prototype. The results of the evaluation are reported and analysed.
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Evans, Paul. "A multimedia system to instruct novice users of online library catalogues." View thesis, 1996. http://library.nepean.uws.edu.au/about/staff/thesis.html.
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Mon, Lorri M. "User perceptions of digital reference services /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7177.
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Russell, John. "Wikis and Collaborative Reference Services." Association of College and Research Libraries, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106433.
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Librarians have long been concerned with connecting researchers with information, typically (but by no means exclusively) by means of face-to-face contact at a reference desk. With the advent of the Internet and the proliferation of online resources and services, librarians have used Web-based resources to add an asynchronic dimension to traditional synchronic reference services. One of the new Web-based technologies that has been discussed by librarians in the past few years is the wiki. Librarians have been using wikis for a variety of purposes, including research guides, knowledge-bases, and library Web sites, though they are flexible enough to work in most situations where collaboration or quick Web editing are desired. Wikis are an attractive tool for reference services because they are a relatively simple and inexpensive way to improve information flows among librarians and between librarians and their campus community.
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Yasui, Yumiko, and 裕美子 安井. "Digital reference services of university libraries in Japan." IADLC Office, Nagoya University Library ; Ichiryusha, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6089.
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Younus, Muhammad. "Digital reference services in university libraries of Pakistan." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16410.
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The development of information and communication technologies, and wide spread of the Internet and its associated technologies have brought about tremendous changes in the reference department of academic libraries, and in the attitudes and expectations of both information professionals and users. Many academic libraries across the globe have embraced Web technologies to fulfil users reference needs in a digital environment. This study aimed to investigate and analyse digital reference services (DRS) in university libraries in Pakistan. It focused on the nature and level of DRS, technologies used for the provision of the service, usage, staffing, marketing, funding, ICT infrastructure available for the service, and looked at the issues faced by academic libraries in implementing and managing the service. A mixed methods research approach combining both quantitative and qualitative methods was employed to achieve the aim and objectives of the study. The quantitative data for the study were collected through an online survey. A total of eighty five university libraries (both in public and private sectors) from all the four provinces, the federal capital and Azad Jammu & Kashmir participated in the survey. The quantitative data were supplemented by the qualitative data which were gathered through semi-structured interviews with the heads of fifteen leading university libraries. Findings suggest that DRS is at an early development stage in university libraries in Pakistan, with a small number of libraries offering the service. Most of the academic libraries which have implemented this cutting-edge service, are large libraries equipped with good human and technological resources. The libraries have mostly developed asynchronous digital reference systems by employing e-mail and web forms. The usage of the service is lower than that of in-person reference in academic libraries due to factors, such as libraries failure to effectively market the service, lack of ICT skills among users, lack of ICT facilities available for users. It was found that the libraries lack skilled and competent LIS professionals to staff the service. Factors contributing to the scarcity of skilled human resources in academic libraries include the lack of in-house training for DRS, shortage of continuing professional development courses in the country, and deficiencies in LIS curricula offered by the country s library schools. A number of issues which affect the implementation and management of DRS in academic libraries have been identified. They include: scarcity of competent human resources; access to appropriate digital resources; unavailability of suitable software for DRS; financial constraints; lack of ICT facilities; absence of a digital reference policy; lack of ICT application; paucity of resources; electricity supply; inadequate physical facilities; lack of local research and literature on DRS.
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Shachaf, Pnina, and Sarah Horowitz. "Are virtual reference services color blind?" Elsevier, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106524.
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This study reports an experiment that examines whether librarians provide equitable virtual reference services to diverse user groups. The relative absence of social cues in the virtual environment may mean greater equality of services though at the same time greater inequalities may arise as librarians can become less self-aware online. Findings indicate that the quality of service librarians provide to African Americans and Arabs is lower than the quality of service they provide to Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, and Jewish students. This study adds to the knowledge of subjective bias in the virtual environment by specifying those that are discriminated against online, identifying the kinds of discriminatory actions of virtual reference librarians, and identifying the type of queries that more frequently result in unbiased service.
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Swain, Roy E. "Analysis and redesign of a library electronic reference area." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01122010-020113/.
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Elinashe, Uutoni Wilhelm. "Evaluation of digital reference services in academic libraries in Namibia." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17833.
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Launching of digital reference services by academic libraries is on the increase. Libraries are exploring new ways of expanding their services by interacting with users and responding to user inquiries via the Internet, especially students enrolled on the distance mode of studying. The purpose of this study was to evaluate digital reference services at the Polytechnic of Namibia library and the University of Namibia library. Two aspects were evaluated, namely, ‘Resources’ and ‘elements of the general digital reference model’. This study was a summative evaluation study in which semi-structured interviews and observations were used to collect data. The research findings showed that these libraries used the general digital reference model in providing responses to the library users. The study established that the two libraries did not follow the IFLA and RUSA standards of staffing and training of librarians working with digital reference services. The study further found that a lack of ability to fully demonstrate to users how to access various library services was one of the major problems that the librarians experienced.<br>Program: Masterprogram: Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, Digitala bibliotek och informationstjänster
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Sobel, Karen D. "Promotion of Library Reference Services to First-Year Undergraduate Students." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/441.
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This study describes a survey of 237 first-year undergraduate students conducted at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Through this study, the researcher aimed to fill in gaps in librarians’ knowledge about first-year students’ awareness of reference services, and students’ preferred modes of communication with librarians. The results show significant positive relationships between librarians’ verbal promotion of reference services and students’ tendency to ask reference questions in person.
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Yusoff, Hashimah Mohd. "The use of electronic information resources among the users of Penang Public Library Corporation." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105641.
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Public libraries place importance on information technology for the delivery of quality services. One aspect of quality services is knowing the usage in the electronic information resources (EIRs) among the users. This study was carried out to investigate the use of the EIRs at the Penang Public Library Corporation (PPLC). The findings revealed that EIRs services provided by PPLC are being regularly used by the users. It was noted that the younger group relied more on the EIRs. The most preferred EIRs were Internet (51.9%) and OPAC (43.2%). The preference of Internet was higher among school students with 25% users and college students with 17.2% users, whereas preference of OPAC was higher among the professional group with 30% users. It was determined also that most of the users who used Internet were for information searching. For OPAC, they seemed more likely to use title search in searching library materials and they learned to use the OPAC by themselves. The usage of other EIRs were less popular with Electronic Journals (19.1%), Online databases (16.0%) and CD-ROMs (7.4%). It is recommended that PPLC must strive aggressively to promote the less popular EIRs that are provided but seldom used by the library users. PPLC also needs to improve its training programme in order to help users to enhance the use of EIRs.
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Pomerantz, Jeffrey. "Integrating Digital Reference Service into the Digital Library Environment." Association of College and Research Libraries, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105560.
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The difference between a digital library and a library with which a digital reference service is affiliated is discussed, and digital reference in these contexts is defined. There are several issues involved in integrating digital reference service into a digital library environment, but two that are unique to the intersection between digital libraries and digital reference: collection development of previously-answered questions, and presentation of specialized subsets of the materials in the digital library's collection. These two issues are explored.
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Ball, Rafael. "Bibliometric analysis as a new business area in libraries: Theory and practice." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105995.
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Supplying users with literature by a seamless linking of media is the goal of (scientific) libraries. By the digitization of primary and secondary data and the convergence of products and providers, libraries have already come very close to achieving this ideal. A digital library is the realization of this goal. However, many librarians are in danger of running out of imagination. What will come after the digital library? Do we still need information professionals today? And, above all, what services are required? This paper identifies new fields of business for libraries with the example of bibliometric analysis. The discussion concerns the shape this service could take in practice, who needs it and what target groups exist in the scientific environment. Concrete examples of bibliometric analysis from the Central Library of Research Centre Jülich, the largest interdisciplinary research institution in Europe, round off the overview.
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Rieh, Soo Young. "Changing reference service environment: A review of perspectives from managers, librarians, and users." Elsevier B.V, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105385.
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This is a preprint of an article published in the Journal of Academic Librarianship 25(3), pp. 178-186. This article reviews the literature on academic library reference service, and examines changes in the traditional reference desk model. Based on the review from the perspectives of managers, librarians, and users, new research directions are proposed in which usersâ information-search processes and librariansâ intervention in reference service are integrated.
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Shachaf, Pnina, and Shannon M. Oltmann. "E-quality and e-service equality." IEEE Press, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105389.
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Research is divided about the potential of e-service to bridge communication gaps, particularly to diverse user groups. According to the existing body of literature, e-service may increase or decrease the quality of service received. This study analyzes the level of service received by different genders and ethnic groups when public librarians answer online reference queries. Quality of e-service was evaluated along three dimensions: responsiveness, reliability, and courtesy. This study found no significant differences among different user groups along any of these dimensions, supporting the argument that the virtual environment facilitates equitable service and may overcome some challenges of diverse user groups.
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Samyuktha, R. "Nutraceuticals gateway: A value-added electronic information service." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105500.
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The attributes of education in a digital neighborhood have warranted a community of teachers on one end with shared curriculum and teaching materials and another community of students with distance and distributed learning on the other end. There is a different kind of ecology emerging and the library professionals have the opportunity to create a world without borders, making everything available to everyone anytime, anywhere. Roles of libraries have changed from being traditional to exist as hybrid or electronic libraries. In turn, the Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals have become intelligent filters of information and contribute to the libraries to emerge as â Knowledge Resource Centersâ . Creating successful e-information services for its demanding clientele has become their major challenge. One such case study of e-information services provided by the Science Campus (Guindy Campus) Li-brary of University of Madras is focused in this paper. The Campus Library caters to the re-search community of Schools of Life, Physical, Chemical, Earth Sciences and an array of re-searchers (members) from industries. Periodic discussions with experts, faculty and research scholars have necessitated the Library to enhance research with Information Gateways on spe-cific themes. Subject Gateways on Biomedical Sciences, Life, Chemical, Physical and Inter-disciplinary Sciences are compiled periodically and made available on the intranet in turn making its clientele access the sources on the internet from their desktop. They not only sup-plement research but also new popular courses introduced, thrust of the University programs and so on. The Gateway focused here is â Nutraceuticalsâ which is a component of the Gate-ways on â Biomedical Sciencesâ . The methodology of information aggregation from the Inter-net, evaluating their validity and organizing them for access, the strategies used to market the e-service, such as organizing user education and information literacy programs are discussed. Methods of evaluation of the service provided are analysed to improve the same. The chal-lenges of the career to develop essential skills to combat technology have compelled the pro-fessionals at the Library to get trained and update their technical expertise. Thus the Library tries to support the evolutionary convergence of Library Services, Technology and the Clien-tele.
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Wan, Dollah Wan A. Kadir. "Digital reference services in selected public academic libraries in Malaysia: A case study." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106202.
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Reference service is one of the library’s primary services besides acquisitions, classification, cataloguing and physical planning. This service provides personalized assistance to library users in accessing and using suitable information resources to meet their needs. This research progress paper attempts to identify the status of digital reference services (DRS) in four public university libraries in Malaysia. In this study, the researcher attempts to identify usage of both traditional and digital reference services, user awareness of DRS, user satisfaction, and need for DRS. Two different sets of questionnaires were distributed: (1) a librarians’ questionnaire to librarians in the four university libraries, namely, Tun Abdul Razak Library, UiTM; University of Malaya (UM) Library; Tun Seri Lanang Library, UKM; and Sultan Abdul Samad Library, UPM; (2) a users’ questionnaire to students of the Faculty of Information Management, UiTM, and the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, UiTM, UM and UPM. The findings show that DRS are effective forms of service delivery but their full potential has not yet been exploited. Email reference, Web forms and Ask-A Librarian are the main channels used in providing digital reference, although plans are under way to implement more sophisticated Internet technologies and collaborative digital reference.
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Taha, Ahmed. "Streamline e-information service for virtual users: A quality function deployment (QFD) approach." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106053.
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Migration from the traditional to web-based library paradigm is usually accompanied by remodelling of many library core activities particularly those associated with user-centred services. In this capacity of the web-based service paradigm, many academic libraries have established networked environments within which many virtual-user communities are forming and growing. Understanding the virtual user's needs in these communities has become the first priority of networked libraries for designing, running and managing effective virtual reference services to meet the increasing expectations of the invisible users. To achieve this, the networked libraries strive to improve their quality of service by applying a wide range of such quality management approaches as quality function deployment (QFD) and LIBQUAL™. QFD initially stresses on driving continuous improvement of the user-oriented services towards end-user satisfaction. The paper attempts to incorporate the QFD to be integrated strategically in designing and managing e-information provision within networked library service environment. The UAE University Library is used as a case study, where the evidence-based librarianship (EBL) approach has been employed in three studies to identify user needs and acceptance of e-services. Based on these studies, the paper presents a model aimed at streamlining e-services for virtual users in ICT-rich learning environments.
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Chen, Hsinchun, and Vasant Dhar. "Reducing Indeterminism In Consultation: A Cognitive Model of User/Librarian Interactions." AAAI, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106096.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, University of Arizona<br>In information facilities such as libraries, finding documents that are relevant to a user query is
difficult because of the indeterminism involved in the process by which documents are indexed,
and the latitude users have in choosing terms to express a query on a particular topic. Reference
librarians play an important support role in coping with this indeterminism, focusing user queries
through an interactive dialog. Based on thirty detailed observations of user/librarian interactions
obtained through a field experiment, we have developed a computational model designed to simulate
the reference librarian. The consultation includes two phases. The first is handle search,
where the userâ s rough problem statement and a user stereotyping imposed by the librarian are
used in determining the appropriate tools (handles). The second phase is document search, involving
the search for documents within a chosen handle. We are collaborating with the university
library for putting our model to use as an intelligent assistant for an online retrieval system.
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Darries, Fatima. "The impact of the Internet on reference services in higher education libraries in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7910.
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Internet access has become an indicator of a country's socio-economic status in the Information society. Libraries of higher education institutions support the parent institutions' objective to produce graduates able to function in this society. Consequently, the Web, the most popular part of the Internet, has become ubiquitous in reference services. This study investigates the impact of the Internet on reference services by exploring the following areas: user Internet access and training in the library, use and integration of the Internet as an information tool in reference services and the Internet training and knowledge of reference librarians.
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Wirström, Sofia. "Bibblan svarar – ett tecken i tiden : En virtuell referenstjänst ur ett postmodernt perspektiv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175397.
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The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine the virtual reference service Ask the Library [Bibblan svarar] from a postmodern perspective. Ask the Library is a Swedish online reference service that is run by the country’s public libraries. The postmodern theories of Jean-François Lyotard are used to study how information is managed and transmitted within the service. From this point-of-view three aspects of the reference service are studied; how the information is affected by the virtual environment, the librarian’s role within the service and finally how the content of the service is managed. The methods for extracting data are a blend of qualitative interviews and online observations. The data is then analyzed from a theoretical viewpoint. The result shows that there are several postmodern tendencies in Ask the Library. Namely the service shows a number of indications toward plurality. This can be related to Lyotard’s theory of the downfall of the grand narratives since postmodern theories celebrate the idea of plurality and diversity. Ask the Library is complex and dynamic in the sense that it adapts its services to the users. In addition to a multilingual service, Ask the Library also offers the users reference help in the form of social network sites like Facebook and Twitter. This makes the service more varied but also deeply complex. The reference service also emphasizes on the librarian’s individual competence and promotes personal knowledge and expertise. In Lyotard’s postmodern theories there is a rejection of absolute and objective truths and this falls in line with the subjectivity that the reference service celebrates. Ask the Library has two different agendas; providing qualitative reference service to the users and also promoting the librarians and their skills. The information, or content, in the service is still organized and under examination by the librarians. Critique of the sources is an important skill for a librarian within Ask the Library to have. These traditional ideas of objective truth are balanced with the new virtual environment that often promotes collective construction of information and knowledge. This study is a two years master’s thesis in the academic field library and information science.
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Wipawin, Namtip. "Strategic planning for information services a study of an application to Thai libraries and information centres /." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28567547.html.
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Ghosh, Maitrayee, and Jay Bhatt. "The challenging and critical role of information professionals in combating AIDS in India." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105105.
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The nature of work for librarians/information professionals is undergoing a profound transformation, due to the arrival of deadly diseases like AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) and the change in information needs of the local community. This change necessitates much more professional expertise, updated knowledge, critical thinking and involvement in developing effective AIDS literacy programs. Information professionals serving in different libraries or potential information dissemination centers can provide dedicated services to society by helping to access AIDS information not only in urban settings but also in rural environments. This paper outlines strategies for effective collaboration in the context of AIDS literacy promotion efforts. It identifies a number of obstacles in the process of empowering the community and suitable measures essential for success.
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Burns, Allison M. "A Study of the Information Seeking Behaviors of Integrative Medicine Professionals." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/418.
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As the practice of integrative medicine becomes more common, it is important for library science professionals to understand the research needs of integrative medicine professionals in order to best provide resources and services to this population. This paper surveys integrative medicine professionals affiliated with the four North Carolina academic programs and centers for integrative medicine. The results of this study indicate that this population may need more targeted library services due to the difficulty in finding information in this field.
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Ling, Zhang, Cong Wang, and Austin McCarthy. "Knowing our users and responding to their needs-The impact of research on services in two university libraries." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106105.
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In an earlier paper the authors discussed reference services in two university libraries and suggested changes to the services based on a user survey. They also quoted research into staff and student use of information resources. Although libraries have no difficulty in compiling quantitative data, the use of such qualitative research to delve beyond the statistics, in order to better understand user needs, perceptions and behaviours, is a recent development at Harbin Engineering University Library, China. However, at the Library of the University of Northumbria in England there is a long history of using research to evaluate services. This paper gives a very brief introduction to the value of qualitative re-search in evaluating services and providing a sound basis for management decisions about staffing and service delivery. Some of the methods used at the two universities are outlined. Finally, two case studies of research projects, one from each university, will be described and the extent to which they have resulted in changes to policies or practices will be examined.
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Mårtensson, Jörgen. "Är frågan färdigformulerad? : En referenskritisk undersökning av 118100 Svar På Allt och Fråga Bibliotekets e-posttjänst." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160068.
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This two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Sciences aims to investigate and put the services of 118100 Svar På Allt (SPA, an SMS mobile question and answer service) and Fråga biblioteket (FB, a library operated e-mail reference service) into the context of the reference encounter. Questions sent to SPA and their subsequent answers are analysed, and part of these questions are forwarded to FB for comparative studies. Both of the formats are compared to the reference encounter as a whole. The framing of the question originates in the assumption that there may be a need for further negotiation of the questions submitted to the aforementioned formats. Do SPA and FB constitute formats different enough from the reference encounter to imply that the question at hand already has gone through the apropiate negotiations? These compressed and asynchronous reference services are not only compared to the synchronous reference, but are also examined as reference services in their own right. How does the e-mail reference and the SMS services fare against each other and the “regular” reference encounter? Findings in the analysis are subjected to appliable INSU theories, especially Robert S. Taylors thoughts on question negotitation and Nicholas Belkins et al regarding anomalous states of knowledge. Further major contributors are Marie L. Radford concerning the reference encounter and Reijo Savolainen on everyday information practices. The study found several occasions where a personal, or at least synchronous, reference encounter would have been decidedly more helpful than that of the electronic services. However, the larger majority of the questions analysed turned out to be completed in formulation for the compressed, asynchronous format. The e-mails of FB can to some extent work as an intermediary service since it is more allowing lengthwise than SPA and gives more of an opportunity to redirect towards more exhaustive sources.
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Krpec, Ondřej. "Remote API Web Reference for Java Enterprise Applications." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-385946.
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Tato diplomová práce popisuje testování REST API rozhraní aplikací. Výsledkem práce je aplikace Restty, založená na použití nástroje Swagger, která umožňuje testovat jednotlivé části API aplikací, i vytvářet a spouštět komplexní testovací scénáře nad daným rozhraním. Teoretická část práce vysvětluje principy webových služeb, vzdálených rozhraní a představuje nástroj Swagger i technologie použité k implementaci. V následující kapitole jsou v práci prezentovány designové návrhy aplikace, na které plynule navazuje kapitola o implementaci a testování, pro které je zvoleno rozhraní nástroje Red Hat JBoss BPM Suite. V závěru práce jsou vyhodnoceny přínosy aplikace Restty a navrženy případné budoucí rozšíření.
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Chandra, Smita, and Vivek Patkar. "ICTS: A catalyst for enriching the learning process and library services in India." Elsevier, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106060.
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The advances in ICTs have decisively changed the library and learning environment. On the one hand, ICTs have enhanced the variety and accessibility to library collections and services to break the barriers of location and time. On the other, the e-Learning has emerged as an additional medium for imparting education in many disciplines to overcome the constraint of physical capacity associated with the traditional classroom methods. For a vast developing country like India, this provides an immense opportunity to provide even higher education to remote places besides extending the library services through networking. Thanks to the recent initiatives by the public and private institutions in this direction, a few web-based instruction courses are now running in the country. This paper reviews different aspects of e-Learning and emerging learning landscapes. It further presents the
library scene and new opportunities for its participation in the e-Learning process. How these ICTs driven advances can contribute to the comprehensive learning process in India is highlighted.
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Tonding, Fabiana John. "Plataformas de Serviços de Bibliotecas (LSP) : avaliação da nova geração de sistemas para gerenciamento de bibliotecas por meio da satisfação de seus usuários internos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180532.
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As plataformas de serviços de bibliotecas, em inglês library services plataforms (LSP), são sistemas para gerenciamento unificado de todo o espectro de materiais, impressos, eletrônicos e digitais, que compõem as coleções das bibliotecas atualmente. Utilizados desde 2012, somente por instituições fora do Brasil, estes sistemas são providos mediante serviços em nuvem, no modelo Software-as- a-Service e em arquitetura multi-tenant. Esta nova tecnologia, considerada disruptiva, traz mudanças nos processos de trabalho das equipes das bibliotecas e da área de tecnologia da informação. A adoção de um novo sistema, recente e contemporâneo, requer sólida fundamentação sobre seus benefícios, de modo a justificar, junto aos gestores das organizações, os investimentos necessários. Estudos indicam que o sucesso de um sistema de informação pode ser verificado através da avaliação da satisfação dos usuários desse sistema. Com o objetivo de compreender o fenômeno da adoção das plataformas de serviços de bibliotecas, esta pesquisa explora as percepções avaliativas de seus usuários internos, através de uma abordagem qualitativa e por meio de um estudo de caso. A coleta de dados se apoia na pesquisa documental e na realização de entrevistas com os funcionários da Biblioteca da University of Surrey (Guilford, Inglaterra), usuários internos da plataforma de serviços de bibliotecas Alma O roteiro para condução das entrevistas baseia-se no modelo de antecedentes da formação da satisfação de usuários finais, dos autores Au, Ngai e Cheng (2008), e busca identificar os construtos principais e determinantes da satisfação ou da insatisfação dos funcionários da Biblioteca em relação ao sistema de gerenciamento utilizado. A pesquisa conclui que a qualidade do sistema é o construto de maior satisfação entre os usuários da LSP, enquanto que a qualidade do suporte ao sistema pode ser melhorada. Demonstra que o equilíbrio para o atendimento do desempenho do trabalho é relevante para os usuários, revelando que os esforços são altos, mas os benefícios compensam. As narrativas dos entrevistados evidenciam que a implantação da plataforma de serviços de bibliotecas implica em mudar o modo de fazer habitual, propõe rever e estabelecer novos fluxos de trabalho e cria interfaces entre setores e atividades. Este processo afeta o status quo organizacional e permeia as relações interpessoais no trabalho - o que requer suporte de uma forte estratégia motivacional.<br>Library services platforms (LSP) are the new genre of library management systems. They manage all type of materials that belong to the libraries collections today - printed, electronic and digital. These systems are being used by libraries all over the world since 2012, but not yet in Brazil. The new systems are provided through a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model and multi-tenant architecture. This new disruptive technology changes the current workflow processes involving the library and the information technology areas. The adoption of a modern, new and recent system requires a clear vision about its benefits to justify the decision and the necessary financial support to the institution managers. Many earlier studies have found relations between the information system success and the end users satisfaction. The aim of this research is to study the adoption of a library services platform phenomenon based on the perceptions and evaluations of its end users, through a qualitative approach and applying a case study method. The data collection was performed through documental research and interviews with the staff of the University of Surrey Library (Guilford, England), which uses the Alma library services platform The interview script followed the model of antecendents of end users satisfaction formation proposed by Au, Ngai e Cheng (2008) and seeks to confirm the main and determinant constructs of the library staff users´ satisfaction or dissatisfaction regarding the management system used. The research concludes that the system quality is the highest satisfaction construct among LSP users, while system support quality can be improved. It demonstrates that equitable work performance fulfillment is relevant for the users, and despite their inputs and efforts, the benefits are considered valuable. The respondents´ narratives highlight that the library services platform implementation changes the usual way of doing things, establishes new and improved workflows and creates interfaces between departments and activities. This processs affects the organizational status quo and permeates interpersonal relations in the workplace, which requires a strong motivational strategy.
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Sani, Cecilia Maria. "An investigation and evaluation of three integrated library systems for the Human Sciences Research Council Information Services." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/121.
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Newman, Linda Rozetta. "Opvoeders se perspektiewe rakende die gebruik van die leesperiode en skoolbiblioteke in geselekteerde skole in die Noord-Kaap." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86614.
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Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Reading is an important skill for the 21st century and are one of the
cornerstones of learning.
Research shows an escalating concern about the reading ability of South
African learners. In an attempt to improve the literacy levels of learners, the
Northern Cape Department of Education, issued a circular to schools
instructing them to implement a daily reading period of 30 minutes. It is
required of schools to indicate the reading period on the timetable and reading
must be formally instructed.
The purpose of the study was to determine the perspectives of teachers
regarding the use of the reading period and school libraries. It is hypothesized
that teachers do not provide enough exposure to learners regarding reading.
Secondly It is hypothesized that teachers do not a create a reading culture or
foster a positive attitude towards reading, because they ignore the reading
period and do not use the library as a resource.
A mixed method approach was followed, where both quantitative and
qualitative research designs was used. The study consisted of a literature
review and an empirical study. The empirical study was conducted at two
high schools in the Namaqua District. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire which was completed by
16 Grade 8 and 9 teachers. Focus group interviews were also conducted with
the participating teachers.
An analysis of the empirical data showed the following :
- According to the results the majority of the teachers are aware of the
reading period.
- The teachers indicated that the reading period is not implemented at both
of the schools.
- The teachers did not receive any guidance or support from the Northern
Cape Education Department to assist learners with reading problems.
- The data showed that both schools do have a school library.
- From the responses of the teachers it seems that the library resources are
old and insufficient.
- The data indicated that the teachers do not use the school library as a
resource to promote teaching and learning.
- The learners are not exposed to the library to assist them with curriculum
assignments. The research confirmed the research hypothesis that the reading period is not
implemented and that the school library is not used by the teachers to
promote the literacy levels and academic performance of the learners.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lees is ʼn noodsaaklike vaardigheid in die 21ste eeu en is een van die
boustene van leer.
Navorsing in Suid-Afrika dui daarop dat leesprobleme in Suid-Afrika besig is
om ernstige afmetings aan te neem. Om die leesvermoëns en
geletterheidvlakke van leerders te verhoog, het die Noord-Kaapse
Onderwysdepartement (NKOD) ʼn omsendskrywe uitgestuur, waarin skole
verplig word om daagliks ʼn leesperiode van 30 minute in te stel. Hierdie
leesperiode moet op die skool se rooster aangedui word. Binne die
leesperiode moet lees op ʼn gestruktureerde manier aangebied word.
Die breë navorsingsdoelstelling van die studie is om ondersoek in te stel na
die perspektiewe van opvoeders rakende die gebruik van die leesperiode en
die skoolbiblioteek. As navorsingshipotese is eerstens gestel dat opvoeders
nie aan die leerders genoeg blootstelling rakende lees gee nie. Tweedens is
gestel dat opvoeders nie ʼn kultuur van lees skep nie of ʼn positiewe houding
teenoor lees by die leerders kweek nie, want hulle verontagsaam die
leesperiode en ignoreer die biblioteek as hulpbron. In hierdie studie is daar gebruik gemaak van ʼn gemengde navorsingsontwerp,
waarvolgens beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes
gekombineer word om die navorsingsprobleem beter te verstaan. Die studie
het bestaan uit ’n literatuurstudie en ’n empiriese ondersoek. Die empiriese ondersoek is by twee geselekteerde hoërskole in die Namakwa-distrik
gedoen.
Die data is versamel deur ‘n vraelys wat voltooi is deur 16 graad 8- en 9-
opvoeders van die geselekteerde skole. Fokusgroeponderhoude is ook met
die deelnemers gevoer.
ʼn Ontleding van die empiriese data het getoon dat:
- die meerderheid van die opvoeders kennis dra van die leesperiode.
- die leesperiode by nie een van die twee skole geïmplementeer word nie.
- die opvoeders geen leiding en ondersteuning vanaf die Noord-Kaapse
Onderwysdepartement ontvang het rakende hulpverlening aan leerders
met leesprobleme nie.
- beide skole beskik oor ’n skoolbiblioteek.
- die skoolbiblioteek se bronne onvoldoende is en meestal verouderd is.
- die opvoeders nie die skoolbiblioteek gebruik om onderrig en leer te
bevorder nie.
- die leerders ook geen blootstelling kry aan die skoolbiblioteek om take
binne die kurrikulum te doen nie. Die navorsing bevestig die navorsingshipotese dat die leesperiode nie
geïmplementeer word nie en dat die opvoeders nie die skoolbiblioteek as ʼn
bron gebruik om die geletterdheid en akademiese vordering van leerders te
bevorder nie.
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Simons, Kevin J. "The Work Process of Research Librarians: Implementation of the Abstraction-Decomposition Space." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1113847496.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005.<br>Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [2], vi, 72, [22] p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-37).
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Rodríguez-Gairín, Josep-Manuel. "Préstamo interbibliotecario e Internet: análisis de un modelo para bibliotecas universitarias españolas basado en agentes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/316774.
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Esta tesis doctoral parte de la hipótesis que el uso de agentes informáticos puede mejorar los procesos implicados en la gestión del préstamo interbibliotecario en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas.
Los objetivos de esta tesis son por una parte analizar los procesos implicados en la gestión del préstamo interbibliotecario, comparando el modelo español con modelos internacionales, y por otra analizar la funcionalidad de los agentes de software en el ámbito de las bibliotecas, valorando su viabilidad, y aplicándolos a la gestión del préstamo interbibliotecario para constatar su utilidad.
Se plantean cinco preguntas de investigación ¿Las bibliotecas universitarias españolas han seguido los modelos internacionales en lo que se refiere a la automatización? , ¿Las características del préstamo interbibliotecario en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas se adaptan a las normativas internacionales?, ¿Se están usando agentes en los sistemas de automatización de bibliotecas universitarias?, ¿Pueden los agentes de software ser aplicados en la gestión del préstamo interbibliotecario en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas?, ¿Resultan dichos agentes útiles y aplicables a un modelo de gestión del préstamo interbibliotecario descentralizado como el de las bibliotecas universitarias españolas?
Para contestar estas preguntas se aplican dos tipos de metodologías; por una parte una revisión bibliográfica y normativa y por otra una metodología experimental basada en la observación e introducción controlada de agentes informáticos en los procesos de gestión del préstamo interbibliotecario. Se utilizan agentes que permitan la verificación de los datos de las peticiones, tanto administrativos como bibliográficos, y agentes de búsqueda que completen las citas bibliográficas para minimizar los errores en la posterior localización. Se diseñan también agentes que permiten la sincronización del estado de las peticiones entre distintos sistemas de gestión de préstamo interbibliotecario, como es el caso del sistema GTBib presente en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas con el sistema WorldShare de la red americana OCLC.
Como resultados de la revisión bibliográfica y normativa podemos constatar la idiosincrasia del modelo de préstamo interbibliotecario de las universidades españolas respecto a otros países como Estados Unidos o Inglaterra. Mientras que en España predomina un modelo de automatización uniforme y descentralizado en el que cada biblioteca universitaria dispone de su propio programa de gestión, siendo éste GTbib en un 95% de ellas, en otros países predominan modelos centralizados asociados a un catálogo colectivo como es el caso de OCLC o a una gran biblioteca de préstamo como es el caso de la British Library inglesa.
Como resultado de aplicar agentes en la gestión del préstamo interbibliotecario queda constatada su utilidad al suponer una reducción del tiempo de procesos, una mejora en los mismos y en definitiva un incremento en la satisfacción del usuario del sistema; tanto de los gestores de la aplicación como de los usuarios finales, profesores, investigadores o estudiantes.<br>ABSTRACT: The hypothesis in this thesis is that the use of software agents can improve the processes involved in the management of interlibrary loan (ILL) in Spanish university libraries.
The thesis have two main objectives: first, to analyze the processes involved in the management of ILL, comparing the Spanish model with international standards; second, to analyze the functionality of software agents in the field of libraries, assessing their feasibility and performance in the management of ILL, in order to ascertain its usefulness.
To achieve these objectives, two types of methodologies are applied: on the one hand a review of current literature and standards, and on the other an experimental methodology based on observation of the performance of computer agents in the management of ILL transactions. The use of three types of agents have been studied: agents that enable verification of administrative and bibliographic data of the requests, search agents who complete bibliographic references to minimize errors in the subsequent localization, and agents for synchronization status of requests from different ILL management systems. The tests for this compatibility have been tested among Spanish university libraries using GTBib ILL system and OCLC WorldShare integrated LMS.
As results of the literature and standards review we have profiled the characteristics and idiosyncrasies of the Spanish universities ILL model, in comparison to other countries like the US or UK. While in Spain a decentralized model prevails, in which each university library has its own management program (GTbib the prevalent one, with a 95% share), in other countries predominate centralized models, associated in most cases with a union catalog, as it is the case with OCLC in the US, or in other cases like UK where the model is based in a huge lending library and document supply center such as the British Library.
The results obtained after applying agents to ILL management systems have been very useful for some reasons: agents perform tasks efficiently and that improves the overall performance, with a reduced process time for the requests. That at the end gives to the user and the librarians a greater satisfaction and a timely control of the process.
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Bracke, Marianne Stowell, Michael Brewer, Robyn Huff-Eibl, Dan Lee, Robert Mitchell, and Michael Ray. "Finding Information In a New Landscape: Re-thinking Reference Services." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/337106.
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Poster presentation from the Living the Future 6 Conference, April 5-8, 2006, University of Arizona Libraries, Tucson, AZ.<br>The information landscape is in flux -- customer’s use of traditional reference services are shrinking while libraries are being called upon to take on new responsibilities. This poster shows how the UA Libraries shifted its reference services to meet customer’s needs in the new landscape and allow librarians to have the flexibility to take on new work.
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毛明雯. "A study on digital reference services in public libraries." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63128604161753094132.
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碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>圖書資訊與檔案學研究所<br>97<br>Due to the ubiquitous information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the blooming resources on the Internet, libraries now inevitably provide reference services with emerging ICTs. The phenomenon is highlighted within public libraries because of their obligations of equally offering information and its accessibility to the general public.
By conducting the questionnaire survey and personal interviews, this study intends to investigate the current status quo of digital reference services in public libraries in Taiwan; to identify the challenges of improving their digital reference services, and to present corresponding solutions.
Based on the results of 19 questionnaires and 10 interviews, the study finds that: (1)71% digital reference services are provided via email; 14% are via online pathfinder, and 5% are via knowledge base created by library. (2)Digital reference services are not prioritized in organization developing plan. Accordingly, the promotion of digital reference services, the acquisition of digital resources, and the need of full time librarians and IT staffs are often neglected. (3)From the educational perspective, the digital reference services can help the librarians for advising on students’ school projects and implementing information instructions to the public. (4)Although most librarians showed their willingness to promote digital reference services, they still preferred the traditional face-to-face reference services. However, they also agreed that the collaborative digital reference service will be the emerging trend .
This study suggests that: (1)Public libraries should have digital reference services development strategy. (2)To solve the labor force deficiency, organization reengineering or cooperation should be considered. (3)The statistics of the digital reference services usage should be collected and analyzed. (4)The online reference resources for public libraries should be expanded. (5)To enhance users’ information literacy, library instructions and promoting events are necessary. (6)Public libraries could cooperate with the school libraries on improving the information literacy of students. (7)Public libraries should offer digital reference training programs to enhance librarians’ professional capabilities, such as electronic resources management. (8)Combine digital reference services with other interlibrary cooperation.
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Yang, Chien-Ting, and 楊千霆. "A Study of Automation Technology for Reader Services in Taiwanese Public Libraries." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72722207523761733493.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>圖書資訊學研究所<br>103<br>In order to reveal the status of automation facilities in Taiwanese libraries, rendering assistance to public libraries in Taiwan, this study reorganized previous studies of library automation status, library statistics, library performance measurement, library service quality and user satisfaction, and investigated the needs, adoption and acceptance toward the 8 major automation technologies for reader services in Taiwanese public libraries.
This study collected 360 valid questionnaires from 469 Taiwanese public libraries (response rate 76.76%). The results showed that: 1) Computers or kiosks for collection search were the commonest technology public libraries adopted for reader service. 2) The utilization of self-checkout facilities was low. 3) There existed urban-rural area gap in terms of public libraries’ adoption of automation technology for reader services. 4) The major concern of public libraries to adopt automation technologies for reader service is the subsiding requirements from the users, and the declining necessities seen by the libraries. It was also found that most readers had problems to operate the facilities and required librarians’ assistance. With the automation technologies for reader service, more library users were able to help themselves utilize the library resources, also seen as the major benefits with the technologies. In general, most participants of this study had positive attitudes to automation technology for reader services, but they didn’t have enough knowledge on it.
Based on the results, suggestions regarding the future research and field practices were made with respects to the administrative, consultancy, and executive affairs for public libraries in Taiwan.
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Lavender, Kenneth, Scott Nicholson, and Jeffrey Pomerantz. "Building Bridges for Collaborative Digital Reference between Libraries and Museums through an Examination of Reference in Special Collections." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105644.
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While a growing number of the digital reference services in libraries have become part of collaborative reference networks, other entities that serve similar information-seeking needs such as special collections and museums have not joined these networks, even though they are answering an increasing number of questions from off-site patrons via the Internet. This article examines the differences between questions asked electronically of traditional reference services and those asked of special collections services; it further explores how a better understanding of digital reference in special collections will facilitate the development of the tools and models needed to create a bridge between digital human intermediation at general academic libraries, special collections, and museums.
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Paskoff, Beth M. "Unobtrusive evaluation of the accuracy of telephone reference services in health sciences libraries." 1989. http://books.google.com/books?id=MurgAAAAMAAJ.
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Pfarrer, Theodore Richard. "Applications of CD-ROM technology for reference purposes a survey of reference librarians in libraries of four-year colleges and universities /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20701156.html.
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Nicholson, Scott. "Exploring the Future of Digital Reference through Scenario Planning." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105392.
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The scenario planning method is used to explore several possible futures for digital reference services. Using two dimensions - funding sources and automation - four different scenarios are developed. Common needs across all four scenarios drive a discussion of both current and future research needs, and are used to position all components from this digital reference research agenda book in a common context.
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Radford, Marie Louise. "Relational aspects of reference interactions a qualitative investigation of the perceptions of users and librarians in the academic library /." 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=8bLgAAAAMAAJ.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 1993.<br>eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 315-329).
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Hung, Yu-Tang, and 洪郁棠. "A Study of Evaluation Criteria for Digital Reference Services in Academic Libraries." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a5q84g.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>圖書資訊學研究所<br>96<br>Digital reference service has become regular in university libraries. This new type service system is deemed important in Europe and US because users can ask questions without going to the librarian. The service can reach a lot more users and expand the library service.
The system should be periodically evaluated to promote service quality and efficiency to meet users’ demands which will enhance university libraries’ professional image and satisfaction. This study tried to generate a set of evaluation indicators of digital reference for service by the university library understanding current evaluation status, reviewing the relevant literature, and soliciting librarians opinions and suggestions through their practical experience.
This study employed questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. The subjects are from 97 university libraries. A total of 176 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 125 copies were returned. The returned rate of questionnaire was 71%. Fixed-alternative questions were analyzed through Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) using descriptive statistics, t-test and factor analysis. Open-ended response questions were analyzed and subsumed with semi-structured interviews of six librarians into results.
Study results were as follows:
(1) Currently the most common method of evaluation in practice is to survey users’ satisfaction through questionnaire and the resulted is showed with quantitative data. Only a few university libraries adopted systematic evaluation. Lack of human resource is the major obstacle. (2) The evaluation indicators were divided into four dimensions, inducing users’ satisfaction, cost effectiveness, service process, and evaluation of software, a total of 55 indicators. (3) Indicators of less feasibility were usually those strongly subjective opinions and of high complexity. The personal subjective factors caused criterion inconsistency and increased difficulty of evaluation. Descriptive and basic statistical data were more feasible.
Hereby, four suggestions for university libraries were made, based on the conclusions of this study:
1. To adopt a systematic evaluation of digital reference service.
2. To expand the evaluation and to enhance the depth of evaluation content for libraries that already stasted evaluating their digital reference services.
3. To actively make digital reference service related policies.
4. To fully and accurately gather and preserve the information that evaluation needed.
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Pomerantz, Jeffrey, Scott Nicholson, and R. David Lankes. "Digital Reference Triage: An Investigation Using the Delphi Method into the Factors Influencing Question Routing and Assignment." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105737.
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This article describes a Delphi study conducted to determine factors that affect the process of routing and
assigning reference questions received electronically by digital reference services, both to experts within the
service and between services. Fifteen factors were determined, by expert consensus, to be important at the
conclusion of this study. These fifteen factors are divided into three groups: 1) general factors, 2) factors in
routing the question to an individual, and 3) factors when routing the question to another service. These factors were ranked in order of importance and grouped according to the recipient of the question. These fifteen factors need to be taken into account when automating the triage process. This article has laid out a methodology for investigating other digital reference processes so that those processes amenable to automation may be automated, and expertsâ talents and time may be best used.
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"End-user training of post-graduate students in the use of CD-ROM database with special reference to the University of the North." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12881.
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M.A. (Information Science)<br>This research investigated the problem of multiple bibliographic interfaces that end-users face when conducting searches. A situation analysis was conducted which provided a profile of the situation under investigation. Based on the results of the analysis an end-user training programme for adoption by subject reference librarians at the University of the North Library with regard to bibliographic CD-ROM databases is formulated. This programme is proposed to address problems that end-users experience with these databases and in the process to improve their search abilities. Finally, areas for further investigation with regard to the situation, learner and learning situation are also suggested.
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Owens, Irene. "Librarian-patron interaction and information exchange in the reference department of an academic library." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/34537053.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1995.<br>eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-204).
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Mendrinos, Roxanne Baxter. "Applications of CD-ROM technology for reference purposes a survey of secondary school library media specialists in Pennsylvania and Maine /." 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=bOngAAAAMAAJ.
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Luyt, Brendan. "Regulating readers: the social origins of the readersâ advisor in the United States." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105897.
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In this article I argue that the readersâ advisory service was a product of social forces operating in the context of early twentieth century capitalism. The work of French regulation theorists provides a framework for analyzing these forces using the concepts of regime of accumulation and mode of regulation. It suggests that American capitalism during this time was engaged in a process of defining a new mode of regulation capable of ensuring labor discipline and forging a market for consumer products among the public. The readersâ advisory service, in its efforts to develop a professional expertise for librarians, can be shown to be an experiment in contributing to the fulfillment of the needs imposed by the new mode of regulation. This experiment was conducted through the development of processes involving the legitimization of new ways of living, the â humanizationâ of books, the association of free time with the consumption of commodities, and the voluntary imposition of a system of discipline on patrons who availed themselves of the service.
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Wall, Lana Frances. "Reader education and teaching methodologies in Australian academic libraries : with particular reference to CD-ROM." Thesis, 1992. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21938/1/whole_WallLanaFrances1993_thesis.pdf.
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Herring, Doris Bowers. "The role of the community college reference librarian in promoting and teaching information literacy." 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=gbXgAAAAMAAJ.
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Blackston, Jeanette Reese. "CD ROM technology in community college libraries a study of implementation issues /." 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=TdngAAAAMAAJ.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pittsburgh, 1996.<br>"97-09421." eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-105).