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1
Philippi, Anne. "Identification de gènes impliqués dans l'autisme, vers un test génétique de diagnostic précoce". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0018.
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L’autisme est une maladie complexe, résultant de nombreux facteurs génétiques et environnementaux. Elle se manifeste par des troubles du développement : altération des interactions sociales, de la communication et ayant des comportements et répétitifs et stéréotypés. L’objectif de cette thèse est l’identification des facteurs génétiques de l’autisme avec pour but final un test génétique de diagnostic précoce. L’analyse de liaison, par cartographie directe d’IBD, dans une population de 116 familles AGRE composées de deux enfants atteints ayant un retard de langage > 36 mois, ont permis d’identifier 12 régions d’intérêts. Les études d’association et réplication (167 trios) de ces régions ont permis d’observer des associations significatives de l’autisme avec des variants génétiques des gènes : PRKCB1, PITX, NF1, MARK1, ATP2B2 et SLC6A7. L’étude des biais sur l’estimation des risques relatifs (RR) d’un SNP, associés à une maladie et en LD avec le variant causal, a montré une sous-estimation des RRs pour des risques élevés et une surestimation pour des modèles récessifs ayant des risques faibles. Le LD entre le SNP et le locus maladies induits les plus forts biais. Une méthode basée sur la probabilité rétrospective est proposé dans l’estimation des RR utilisant les haplotypes et pour de multiple locus. Cette méthode c’est montré robuste au haplotypes non-phasés et au non respect de l’équilibre d’Hardy-Weinberg dans des populations familiales. L’étude clinique du premier test de diagnostique de l’autisme a montré des valeurs AUC égales à 0.563 dans 105 cas et 91 témoins et de 0.560 dans 298 trios, ce qui ne permet pas l’utilisation d’un tel testAutism is a complex disease involving many genetic and environmental factors. It appears by a developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication associated with repetitive patterns of interest or behavior. The aim of my thesis is to study the genetics factors of autism to be able to create an early genetics diagnostic test.Linkage analysis, by direct IBD mapping, in a sample of 116 AGRE families with two affected child to involve a delay onset of speech > 36 months of age, detected 12 regions with evidence of linkage. Association and replication studies (167 trios) of these regions showed significant association between SNPs and autism located in genes: PRKCB1, PITX, NF1, MARK1, ATP2B2 and SLC6A7. The investigation of bias in estimates relative risk (RR) for SNP, associate to a disease and in LD with the causal variant, showed an overestimation of RR for larges risks and an underestimation for recessive model with small risks. The LD value between SNP and disease locus inferred the largest bias. A method based on retrospectives probabilities was proposed for estimate RR of haplotype for multi-loci. This method showed itself robust for non-phased haplotype and when Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not respected in family samples. Clinical studies of first early diagnostic test for autism show AUC values equal to 0.563 in 105 cases and 91 controls and 0.560 in 298 trios, it’s not possible the use of such test
2
Marshall, Andrew Thomas. "Relative gains and losses in risky choice". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15631.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Psychological Sciences
Kimberly Kirkpatrick
The present experiments examined the effect of different uncertain-reward magnitudes (i.e., gains and losses) on global and local probabilistic choice behavior in rats. In two experiments, rats were given a choice between a variable-amount certain outcome that delivered 2 or 4 pellets and a variable-amount uncertain outcome that probabilistically delivered a larger reward. In Experiment 1, the larger uncertain outcome was always 11 pellets and different groups received 1, 2, or 4 pellets for the uncertain small reward. In Experiment 2, the uncertain small reward was always 4 pellets and different groups received 6, 9, or 11 pellets for the uncertain large reward. In both experiments, the rats increased their uncertain choice behavior with the probability of uncertain food. In Experiment 1, the magnitude of the uncertain small outcome affected choice behavior; there was no such effect of the uncertain large reward magnitude in Experiment 2. The group differences in choice behavior suggest that the expected value of the certain choice served as a reference point distinguishing uncertain gains and losses, and that the rats exhibited differential sensitivities to such outcomes. As some extant theoretical frameworks of choice behavior seem unable to account for all of the present data, a possible mechanism for the present results is proposed. These results emphasize the importance of identifying the choice outcomes that constitute gains and losses in animals such that the effects of prior uncertain gains and losses on subsequent choice behavior can be adequately and comprehensively understood.
3
Reesor, R. Mark. "Relative entropy, distortion, the bootstrap and risk". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65258.pdf.
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CARPENTER, EDUARDA MACHADO LOWNDES. "CREDIT RISK MODEL IN B2B RELATIONS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8351@1.
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Este trabalho visa analisar os modelos atuais de avaliação
de risco de
crédito aplicados a empresas não-financeiras e desenvolver
um modelo estatístico
com o emprego da ferramenta LOGIT - Regressão Logística
com base nos
clientes jurídicos de uma empresa do ramo industrial. Este
modelo tem como
objetivo principal determinar a probabilidade de um
cliente ser considerado como
adimplente ou inadimplente. Com esta ferramenta o analista
de crédito pode
definir até que ponto se torna interessante para a empresa
efetuar uma venda a
prazo para o cliente.This dissertation has the objective of analyzing the current models of credit risk in non financial companies and to develop a statistical model with Logistic Regression. The main purpose of this model is to determine the probability of a client (business company) being considered a good or bad risk. This model will allow the credit analyst to measure the credit risk involved with credit sales.
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Daruvala, Dinky. "Experimental studies on risk, inequality and relative standing /". Göteborg : Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Commercial Law [Nationalekonomiska institutionen], Göteborg University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/4381.
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Bozhinov, Petar. "Constant relative risk aversion and rent-seeking games". Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431379.
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Buie, John Cary. "Relative Risk Assessment for Cape Hatteras National Seashore". W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617707.
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Rodrigues, Tamiris Fagundes. "Aspectos epidemiológicos de risco associados à prevalência de Leishmaniose Visceral Canina no município de Piacatu. /". Araçatuba, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154976.
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Orientador: Tereza Cristina Cardoso da SilvaCoorientadora: Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Banca: Ana Carolina Borsanelli
Banca: Andréa Fontes Garcia
Resumo: Leishmaniose visceral é uma doença infecciosa, de potencial zoonótico, negligenciada e um sério problema de saúde pública em muitas partes do mundo. Dada à importância epidemiológica, a pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar soroprevalência, distribuição espacial e os fatores de risco relacionados à ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) no município de Piacatu. Foram analisados dados de inquérito censitário canino, com coleta de amostras de 833 animais, com posterior mapeamento dos casos positivos e aplicação de questionário epidemiológico casa a casa em locais de ocorrência de LVC. Baseado nos dados da análise soro- epidemiológica e espacial observou-se que ocorreram associações significativas entre fatores de risco e prevalência de LVC. Medidas de controle da LV necessitam ser intensificadas e direcionadas ao controle de vetores com identificação de flebótomos infectados, manejo ambiental e avaliação do real potencial de transmissão de gatos e animais considerados sorologicamente negativos.
Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious disease of zoonotic potential, neglected and a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. Given the epidemiological importance, the research aimed to identify seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors related to the occurrence of cases of canine visceral leismaniasis (LVC) in the city of Piacatu. Data from a canine census survey were analyzed, with samples collected from 833 animals, with subsequent mapping of the positive cases and application of an epidemiological questionnaire at places with LVC occurrence. Based on data from the seroepidemiological and spatial analysis it was observed that there were significant associations between risk factors and prevalence of LVC. Control measures of LV need to be intensified and directed to the control of vectors with identification of infected sandflies, environmental management and evaluation of the real transmission potential of cats and animals considered serologically negative.
Mestre
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Smith, Brandon J. "Risk and Control of Type II Diabetes: Perceptions of Unaffected Relatives". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367925659.
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Klauer, Charlie. "Assessing the Effects of Driving Inattention on Relative Crash Risk". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29651.
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While driver distraction has been extensively studied in laboratory and empirical field studies, the prevalence of driver distraction on our nation's highways and the relative crash risk is unknown. It has recently become technologically feasible to conduct unobtrusive large-scale naturalistic driving studies as the costs and size of computer equipment and sensor technology have both dramatically decreased.
A large-scale naturalistic driving study was conducted using 100 instrumented vehicles (80 privately-owned and 20 leased vehicles). This data collection effort was conducted in the Washington DC metropolitan area on a variety of urban, suburban, and rural roadways over a span of 12-13 months. Five channels of video and kinematic data were collected on 69 crashes and 761 near-crashes during the course of this data collection effort.
The analyses conducted here are the first to establish direct relationships between driving inattention and crash and near-crash involvement. Relative crash risk was calculated using both crash and near-crash data as well as normal, baseline driving data, for various sources of inattention. Additional analyses investigated the environmental conditions drivers choose to engage in secondary tasks or drive fatigued, assessed whether questionnaire data were indicative of an individual's propensity to engage in inattentive driving, and examined the impact of driver's eyes off the forward roadway.
The results indicated that driving inattention was a contributing factor in 78% of all crashes and 65% of all near-crashes. Odds ratio calculations indicated that fatigued drivers have a 4 times higher crash risk than alert drivers. Drivers engaging in visually and/or manually complex tasks are at 7 times higher crash risk than alert drivers. There are specific environmental conditions in which engaging in secondary tasks or driving fatigued is deemed to be more dangerous, including intersections, wet roadways, undivided highways, curved roadways, and driving at dusk. Short, brief glances away from the forward roadway for the purpose of scanning the roadway environment (e.g., mirrors and blind spots) are safe and decrease crash risk, whereas such glances that total more than 2 seconds away from the forward roadway are dangerous and increase crash risk by 2 times over that of more typical driving.Ph. D.
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Klauer, Sheila Garness. "Assessing the Effects of Driving Inattention on Relative Crash Risk". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29651.
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While driver distraction has been extensively studied in laboratory and empirical field studies, the prevalence of driver distraction on our nation's highways and the relative crash risk is unknown. It has recently become technologically feasible to conduct unobtrusive large-scale naturalistic driving studies as the costs and size of computer equipment and sensor technology have both dramatically decreased.
A large-scale naturalistic driving study was conducted using 100 instrumented vehicles (80 privately-owned and 20 leased vehicles). This data collection effort was conducted in the Washington DC metropolitan area on a variety of urban, suburban, and rural roadways over a span of 12-13 months. Five channels of video and kinematic data were collected on 69 crashes and 761 near-crashes during the course of this data collection effort.
The analyses conducted here are the first to establish direct relationships between driving inattention and crash and near-crash involvement. Relative crash risk was calculated using both crash and near-crash data as well as normal, baseline driving data, for various sources of inattention. Additional analyses investigated the environmental conditions drivers choose to engage in secondary tasks or drive fatigued, assessed whether questionnaire data were indicative of an individual's propensity to engage in inattentive driving, and examined the impact of driver's eyes off the forward roadway.
The results indicated that driving inattention was a contributing factor in 78% of all crashes and 65% of all near-crashes. Odds ratio calculations indicated that fatigued drivers have a 4 times higher crash risk than alert drivers. Drivers engaging in visually and/or manually complex tasks are at 7 times higher crash risk than alert drivers. There are specific environmental conditions in which engaging in secondary tasks or driving fatigued is deemed to be more dangerous, including intersections, wet roadways, undivided highways, curved roadways, and driving at dusk. Short, brief glances away from the forward roadway for the purpose of scanning the roadway environment (e.g., mirrors and blind spots) are safe and decrease crash risk, whereas such glances that total more than 2 seconds away from the forward roadway are dangerous and increase crash risk by 2 times over that of more typical driving.Ph. D.
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Lee, Dae Joo. "Relative risk aversion and stochastic dominance in multiattribute decision making /". The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487332636474803.
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VanHorn, Renee E. Minick. "Maternal perinatal events as predictors of educational placement : computation of relative risk ratios". Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1159152.
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This study examined the relative risk of perinatal complications in common childhood disorders. Specifically, the ability of perinatal complications to predict membership into children's disorders was studied. The sample consisted of 634 normal children and children with mental retardation, learning disabilities, and emotional handicaps, whose mothers completed the Maternal Perinatal Scale (WS). Seven MPS items significantly contributed to the prediction of the mentally retarded, learning disabled, emotionally handicapped, and regular education groups. The two significant discriminant functions correctly classified about 46% of the students, with the greatest misclassification occuring for those with emotional handicaps. When the separate disorders were collapsed to form a single group, eleven MPS items significantly contributed to the prediction of the special education and regular education groups. The linear composite from discriminant function analysis correctly classified about 74% of the students. Some 89% of the special education students were correctly classified. When MPS factors were used as predictors, 90% of the special education students were correctly classified. Seven MPS factors comprised the discriminant function. Relative risk ratios were computed for each perinatal item. Significant relative risk ratios included maternal weight over 151 pounds, saddle block anesthesia, no anesthesia, stress during pregnancy, prenatal care, medically induced labor, unplanned pregnancy, medication use during pregnancy, hypoxia, and cigarette use during pregnancy. An overall relative risk of 6.35 was computed based on the linear composite of perinatal variables defined by the discriminant function, suggesting that a suggesting that a synergism of perinatal complications makes a child over 6 times more likely to be placed in special education. A second overall relative risk of 3.83 was derived from the linear composite of MPS factor scores. This indicated that children with a perinatal history marked by this particular combination of perinatal complications were nearly 4 times as likely to require special educational services. Results were discussed in terms of comorbidity among special education categories. The potential use of the MPS as a screener for early intervention was also discussed.Department of Educational Psychology
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Sabo, Jason M. "Relative risk of comorbid disorders with childhood and adolescent depressive disorders". Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1379125.
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The purpose of this research was to examine the proportion of clients diagnosed with a depressive disorder who also exhibit one or more comorbid disorders. In addition, this study examined multiple aspects of age and gender associated with comorbid disorders in an attempt to better inform treatment and diagnosis of depressive disorders and associated disorders and to answer two questions: 1) What is the proportion of clients diagnosed with a depressive disorder who also exhibit one or more comorbid disorders; and 2) Are there significant differences in number of comorbid disorders among developmental stages and gender. The current study helps to shed light on the understanding of comorbid disorders related to childhood and adolescent depression. Previously, no other study had investigated the changes in comorbidity that take place across childhood development.The present study used an archival data set obtained from the Dean-Woodcock Neurological Battery. Participants included patients that had been referred for psychological and neuropsychological evaluation and treatment at a large outpatient Midwestern neurology practice. For the purpose of the present study, participants were selected from the data set for analysis if he or she were diagnosed with a depressive disorder and were than nineteen-years of age. The sample included 136 males and 74 females (n=210). The ages of the participants ranged from 4 year-old to 18 years-old. Results of an ordinal regression revealed that males were significantly more likely to have a greater number of comorbid diagnoses than females. Additionally, participants appeared to exhibit a greater number of comorbid disorders as the age of the participant increased.Department of Educational Psychology
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Sousa, Edna Pinto Pereira de. "Influência das variáveis climáticas em casos de dengue nas cidades da Baixada Santista (sudeste do Brasil) e Cingapura(sudeste asiático)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-22062012-111323/.
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Neste estudo, baseado na análise de séries temporais para um período de 8 anos, correlacionou-se os casos de dengue com as variáveis climáticas das cidades da Baixada Santista (sudeste brasileiro) e de Cingapura (sudeste asiático). O estudo foi feito com o uso de um modelo de regressão de Poisson (MRP), que considera os casos de dengue como a variável dependente e as variáveis climáticas: precipitação, temperatura (máxima e mínima) e umidade relativa (máxima e mínima) como as variáveis independentes. Também foi utilizada a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) para escolher as variáveis que influenciam no aumento do número de casos de dengue nas cidades estudadas. A CP1 (componente principal 1) foi representada pelas temperaturas (máxima e mínima) e a precipitação e a CP2 (componente principal 2) pela umidade relativa (máxima e mínima). Calculou-se o acréscimo dos novos casos de dengue e o risco relativo de ocorrência da doença por influência de cada uma das variáveis climáticas. Na Baixada Santista, os maiores valores de precipitação e temperatura ocorrem nos meses de dezembro e janeiro (verão) e o aumento dos casos de dengue ocorre nos meses de março a maio (outono). Para Cingapura, a diminuição da precipitação e o aumento da temperatura ocorrem nos meses de março a maio (pré-monção de sudoeste), e, portanto, observa-se o aumento dos casos de dengue nos meses de junho a outubro (monção de sudoeste). Os resultados foram: em Cingapura, para 2oC a 10oC de variação na temperatura (máxima e mínima), houve um aumento médio dos casos de dengue de 22,2% a 184,6% (máxima) e de 26,1% a 230,3% (mínima). O risco relativo médio foi de 1,2% a 2,9% e de 1,3% a 3,3%, respectivamente. Para precipitação, a variação de 5mm a 55mm, houve o aumento dos casos de dengue de 5,6% a 83,2%, sendo e o risco relativo médio foi de 1,06% a 1,83%. A umidade relativa após a análise de correlação foi descartada no uso do modelo de regressão de Poisson por apresentar uma correlação muito baixa. Para a Baixada Santista, a variação da temperatura de 2oC a 10oC apresentou um acréscimo médio nos casos de dengue de 19,6% a 154,4% (máxima) e de 18,2% a 145,4% (mínima). O risco relativo médio foi de 1,20% a 2,54% e de 1,18% a 2,45%, respectivamente. A variação da precipitação de 5mm a 55mm apresentou um aumento dos casos de dengue de 3,92% a 53,10%. A umidade relativa mínima variando de 2% a 10%, o acréscimo dos casos de dengue foi 7,7% a 49,4%, sendo que o risco relativo foi de 1,08% a 1,49%. Assim, após várias análises, a temperatura mínima foi um dos preditores para ocorrência do aumento dos casos de dengue em Cingapura, sendo que há uma influência bem particular da precipitação, na qual, atua significativamente no período seco (pré-monção de sudoeste). Enquanto que na Baixada Santista as influências mais significativas foram da temperatura (máxima e mínima) e precipitação, que desenvolvem conjuntamente um bom cenário de atuação do vetor no período do outonoIn this study, based on time series analysis for a period of eight years, correlated dengue cases with climatic variables in the cities of Santos (southeastern Brazil) and Singapore (Southeast Asia). The study was done using a Poisson regression model (PRM), which considers the cases of dengue as the dependent variable and climatic variables: precipitation, temperature (maximum and minimum) and relative humidity (maximum and minimum) as the independent variables. Also we used the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select the variables that influence the increase in the number of dengue cases in the cities studied. The PC1 (principal component 1) was represented by the temperatures (maximum and minimum) and precipitation and the PC2 (principal component 2) the relative humidity (maximum and minimum). We calculated the addition of new dengue cases and relative risk of disease influenced by each variable climate. In Baixada Santista, the highest values of precipitation and temperature occur in the months of December and January (summer) and the increase in dengue cases occur in the months from March to May (autumn). For Singapore, the decrease in precipitation and temperature increase occurring in the months March to May (southwest inter-monsoon) and hence there is an increase of dengue cases in the months from June to October (southwest monsoon). The results were in Singapore for 2oC to 10oC change in temperature (maximum and minimum), there was an average increase of dengue cases from 22.2% to 184.6% (maximum) and 26.1% at 230 3% (minimum). The average relative risk was 1.2% to 2.9% and 1.3% to 3.3%, respectively. For precipitation, the range of 5mm to 55mm, there was an increase of dengue cases from 5.6% to 83.2%, with and average relative risk was 1.06% to 1.83%. The relative humidity after the correlation analysis was discarded in the use of Poisson regression model for presenting a very low correlation. For Baixada Santista, the variation of temperature of 2oC to 10oC showed an average increase in the dengue cases from 19.6% to 154.4% (maximum) and 18.2% to 145.4% (minimum). The average relative risk is 1.20% to 2.54% and 1.18% to 2.45%, respectively. The variation in the precipitation of 5mm to 55mm showed an increase in dengue cases from 3.92% to 53.10%. The minimum relative humidity ranging from 2% to 10%, the increase of dengue cases was 7.7% to 49.4%, and the relative risk was 1.08% to 1.49%. Thus, after several analyzes, the minimum temperature was one of the predictors for the occurrence of the increase of dengue cases in Singapore, and there is a very particular influence of the precipitation, in which it acts significantly in the dry season (southwest inter-monsoon). While in Baixada Santista were the most significant influences of temperature (maximum and minimum) and precipitation, which jointly develop a good field of action of the vector in the autumn
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Ribeiro, Vanessa. "O impacto económico da obesidade em Portugal : custos directos com internamento". Master's thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6239.
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RESUMO - A prevalência da obesidade não teve alterações significativas em Portugal. Uma vez que os
recursos são escassos e é cada vez mais premente distribuí-los de forma racional, torna-se
importante conhecer o impacto económico da obesidade para o país e perceber se os
custos se alteraram.
Objectivo: Actualizar, à luz de evidência mais recente, a estimativa dos custos directos com
internamento hospitalar atribuíveis à obesidade, em Portugal, no ano 2008.
Metodologia: Foi estimado o custo directo da obesidade, na componente internamento, a
partir da metodologia custo da doença, utilizando uma abordagem baseada na prevalência.
Os dados da prevalência advém do estudo epidemiológico mais recente em Portugal
(14,4%). Os valores de risco relativo utilizados provêm da meta análise epidemiológica mais
completa. Foi calculado, a partir destes dados, o risco atribuível populacional (RAP) de cada
patologia.
Através da base de dados nacional dos episódios de internamento, fez-se uma pesquisa de
todos os episódios de internamento relativos às comorbilidades associadas à obesidade e
aplicou-se o respectivo RAP. Com base na portaria n.º 839-A/2009 de 31 Julho atribuíramse
os custos.
Resultados: Os custos directos com a obesidade, na componente internamento, no ano
2008 foram de 85,9 milhões de euros, o que corresponde a 0,92% da despesa total em
saúde. Os três maiores contribuintes para esta despesa são as patologias do sistema
circulatório e cerebrovascular, a osteoartrite e os episódios relativos ao tratamento da
obesidade em si.
Conclusões: O impacto económico relativo ao internamento da obesidade diminuiu em
Portugal. Este estudo surge então, como ponto de partida para estudar os custos totais com
a obesidade e a efectividade das estratégias de prevenção.ABSTRACT - The prevalence of obesity has no significative change in Portugal. Once resources are scarce, and it becomes important to deliver them in a rational manner, it is relevant to know the economic impact of obesity in the country, and discover if the costs had changed. Objective: To update, with the current evidence, the estimation of direct costs associated with hospital inpatient stays attributable to obesity, in Portugal, in the year 2008. Methodology: The direct costs of obesity related to hospital inpatient stays was estimated, using cost of illness methodology with prevalence based approach. Prevalence data becomes from the more recent epidemiologic study in Portugal (14, 4%). Relative risk values were taken from a key epidemiologic meta analysis. Population attributable risk (PAR) for each disease was calculated through these data. An investigation of all hospital inpatient episodes, related to comorbidities associated with obesity, through the inpatient hospital national database has been done and the respective PAR has been applied. Costs were attributed based on the portaria n. º 839-A/2009 de 31 Julho. Results: Obesity direct costs, inpatient hospital, year 2008, were 85,9 million euros, which corresponds to 0,92% of total health expenditure. The three major contributors for this expenditure are circulatory system and cerebrovascular diseases, osteoarthritis and obesity itself. Conclusion: The economic impact of obesity related to inpatient hospital has decreased in Portugal. This study arise as starting point to study total costs of obesity and the efectiveness of prevention strategies.
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Hoppe, Elizabeth Susan. "Optometry's expanding scope of practice legislation, interprofessional relations, and risk". Ann Arbor, Mich. : University of Michigan, 1999. http://books.google.com/books?id=uxQvAAAAMAAJ.
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Fu, Shing. "Regression approaches to estimation of relative risk : application to multiple sclerosis studies". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29503.
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Using a log link for binary response in generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMM) allows direct estimation of the relative risk. If a random intercept is the only random effect in the conditional mean structure, the marginal mean has the same form. The fixed effects, representing the log relative risks, have the same interpretation in both the mixed-effects model and the marginal model. This leads to two approaches to estimate the relative risks, 1) maximum likelihood for the mixed-effects models and 2) the generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach for the marginal models.
In our study, we apply such log-linear models to assess the effects of neutralizing antibodies on interferon beta-1b in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The results obtained by the two approaches are compared. The relative efficiency of the GEE approach and the robustness of the GLMM approach to some forms of misspecification of the model for the random effects are studied by simulations.
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Qin, Ping. "Risk, relative standing and property rights : rural household decision-making in China /". Göteborg : Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/19159.
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Yamazaki, Toru. "Incidence, risk and risk factors of bisphosphonate-related osteomyelitis of the jaw". Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180463.
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Brinkman, John J. "Psychiatric disorders as an outcome of neurological insult : a computation of relative risk". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1301628.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relative risk of psychiatric disorders occurring in patients diagnosed with neurological disorders. This study separately computed the relative risk ratios for identified psychiatric disorder (i.e., anxiety, mood disorders, somatization, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse, and antisocial personality disorder) on seven of the more common neurological disorders (i.e., brain tumor, closed head injury, stroke, dementia, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson's disease). The six psychiatric disorders were chosen based on the epidemiological catchment area (ECA) research (Robins & Reigier 1991) and provided the control group of psychiatric disorders in the general population by which comparisons were made to the neurological care setting. The neurological disorders were included based on the frequency of referrals to a neuropsychological practice. Further, this study provided an overall relative risk ratio of psychiatric disorders for all seven neurological disorders considered together.Participants in this study included a sample of 367 consecutive referrals to a neurology practice in the Midwest. All of the 376 subjects were diagnosed with a neurological disorder. Two hundred forty-six of the subjects were diagnosed with a neurological disorder and no psychiatric disorder. One hundred twenty-one of the subjects were diagnosed with both a neurological and a psychiatric disorder. The MMPI2 was used in the assessment and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. The control group, represented by the ECA study, was composed of 19,640 participants.Relative risk estimates were made using cross products ratio. Significance of the risk ratio was tested using Chi-square Continuity Correction values. Power analysis was conducted using Fisher's Exact Test.The results of the analysis suggested that patients with neurological disorders are more likely to present with psychiatric disorders compared to the general population. The overall relative risk for this study revealed that patients were 1.669 times more likely to have a comorbid psychiatric disorder following the diagnosis of a neurological disorder. Additionally, three individual disorders had relative risk ratios suggesting an increase in psychiatric disorders above the risk in the general population. These three conditions included stroke (RR = 3.038), dementia (RR = 2.762), and multiple sclerosis (RR = 3.617).Department of Educational Psychology
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Reid, Jennifer J. "Relations Between Sexual Identity Exploration and Risky Sexual Behavior in Emerging Adulthood". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3015.
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Examined within this study were the relations between two processes within sexual identity development, sexual identity exploration and sexual identity commitment, and risky sexual behaviors. The moderating effects of sexual identity commitment, sexual self-efficacy, and positive condom use attitudes on relations between sexual identity exploration and risky sexual behaviors were also examined. Risky sexual behaviors included the frequency of substance prior to and barrier protection use during sex, multiple sex partners, and the initiation of sex prior to age sixteen. Study participants included 322 college students attending an urban university in the Southeastern United States. All were heterosexual and reported engaging in vaginal, anal or oral sex in the past 30 days. A high percentage of study participants reported at least one risky sexual behavior in the past 30 days, and most reported not using barrier protection during anal and oral sex. No direct effects were found between sexual identity exploration and any risky sexual behavior. Only one direct effect was found between higher levels of sexual identity commitment and lower frequencies of barrier protection use for oral sex. No moderating effects were found for sexual identity commitment, sexual self-efficacy, or positive condom use attitudes on relations between sexual identity exploration and any risky sexual behavior. The findings highlight the importance of examining how to get emerging adults to consistently use barrier protection during any type of sexual behavior. The results also underscore the complexity of sexual risk-taking during emerging adulthood, and the need for continued examination of the ways in which processes associated with sexual identity development may impact sexual risk-taking during emerging adulthood.
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Muzhingi, Taurai. "The relative value relevance of book values, operating cash flows, EVA and earnings: A South African perspective". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29220.
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Most investors would want to know what is included in the price of a share and how far accounting data explain the share price. This study uses the most common measures of financial performance to measure what is explained by the share price. Most analyst briefings use these financial performance measures: book value per share, cash flow per share, earnings per share and most recently the market performance measure, the economic value added (EVA) in the share valuations. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the above measures of financial performance as presented in financial statements and the share prices and share returns. If there is a relationship, which measure is most closely related to both share prices and share returns? The study uses data obtained from a balanced sample of 87 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) during the ten-year period (2005-2014). Both the price and the returns models were used to analyse this financial data to find out which accounting measure has the greatest explanatory power on the share prices and share returns (measured by the R-squared or R 2metric). For the price model, share prices 3 months after the financial yearend were used to allow for the release of financial information. Using the price model, earnings have the highest overall R2 at 56.4%, with book values at 18.4%, EVA at 2.18% and lastly operating cash flows at 1.18%. This effectively means that earnings per share is more value relevant in determining firm value than either book value of equity, EVA and operating cash flows, respectively. Using incremental value relevance, equity book values and earnings explain 65% of the share prices. However, changes in EVA deflated by price have the greatest explanatory power (R 2 at 30%) using the returns model and none of the other measures(earnings and operating cash flows) have a significant relationship with share returns. Overall the results show that both accounting based (book value of equity and earnings) and market based measures (EVA) are value relevant in determining firm value. The results also show that a consideration of more than one variable in determining firm value is more informative than considering each variable separately. EVA should also be used in determining value as it has shown that it explains some of the share prices and returns.
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Justice, Dora Ida. "Relative Effectiveness of Nutritional and Physical Programs on Young, Rural, Impoverished Students". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5732.
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Over the past several decades, childhood obesity has continued to rank as an epidemic, particularly in rural, impoverished areas in the United States. Therefore, researchers have affirmed the necessity of exploring solutions to the epidemic, including the need to develop and implement programs that target at-risk behaviors of childhood obesity. In this quantitative, quasi-experimental study, the focus was to determine whether public school-based programs teaching nutrition, physical education, and dietary choices could increase the nutritional knowledge, physical activities, and dietary behaviors of students attending second and third grade in rural, impoverished communities of West Virginia. The theories that served as the foundation for this study were the health belief model, and the social ecological model. Archival pretest and posttest data regarding nutrition, physical activity, and dietary behavior was provided by three public schools in rural, impoverished communities that implemented the programs over a 6-week period. Data regarding students' nutritional, physical, and dietary knowledge and behaviors were collected before and after exposure to school-based exercise and nutrition programs. Results of paired samples t tests showed a significant increase in students' nutritional and physical education knowledge, their dietary behaviors, and improvement in 4 out of the 5 areas of physical activity that were measured. Overall, the results of this study offer insight about how school-based programs can be used to develop effective school-based nutrition, dietary, and physical activity programs for students who are at-risk for obesity, especially in rural, impoverished communities.
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Bianchi, JeanMarie. "Examining Relations among Early-Life Stress, Deprivation, and Risk-Taking for Primary Resources". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612589.
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The following thesis presents the results of a mixed-design study (quasi-experimental and true experimental) testing an integrated model of human risk-taking behavior, defined statistically as a preference for variance in outcomes. The research presented examines the relationships among early-life environmental conditions (i.e., harshness and unpredictability), life-history strategy, and risk-taking behavior for primary resources under various "resource-budget" conditions consisting of deprivation and non-deprivation in two areas: (1) Social-inclusion and (2) caloric "Energy-budget." Two hundred and forty seven (N=247) university students participated in the research. In session one, participants completed multiple questionnaires assessing levels of environmental harshness and unpredictability experienced during development and individual life-history strategy. In session two, participants were pseudo-randomly assigned to experience laboratory induced deprivation or non-deprivation in one of two possible areas: Social-inclusion or caloric "Energy-budget." Following the experimental manipulations, participants played two different behavioral risk-taking tasks: (1) The Wheel Spin Risk Task which required participants to select between a low variance "safe" wheel and a high variance "risky" wheel in an attempt to earn either points or food rewards (depending upon study condition). (2) The Operant Risk Taking Task which required participants to select between a low variance "safe" keyboard key which produced constant rewards and a high variance "risky" keyboard key which produced variable rewards (points or food, depending upon study condition). The results of the multivariate analyses supported main effects only (no moderation) between the characteristics of the early-life environment, life-history strategy, and the experimental manipulations on risk-taking behavior. Specifically, early-life harshness was significantly associated with a faster life-history strategy in participants. Participants with a faster life-history strategy were significantly more likely to select the risky spin wheel on the Wheel Spin Risk Task than were slower life-history strategy participants who were more likely to select the safe spin wheel. Furthermore, participants who experienced the deprivation experimental manipulations behaved more risky on the Operant Risk-Taking Task (for reward amount) than did participants exposed to the non-deprivation manipulations in the study. Interestingly, this effect was domain-general in that deprivation in either Social-inclusion or Energy-budget was associated with risk taking for both social points and for food rewards. The results of this study suggest that life-history strategy is predictive of instrumental risk-taking behavior for reward amount and that deprivation in adaptive areas like Social-inclusion and Energy-budget enhances risk-taking behavior for primary rewards in a domain-general manner as opposed to a domain-specific manner.
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Chua, Wei Hwa. "The effect of Relative Performance Evaluation on the joint choice of risk and effort". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3319914.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Business, 2008.Title from home page (viewed on May 11, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3198. Adviser: Geoff Sprinkle.
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Weber, J. Mark (Jonathan Mark). "Social identity, disidentification, and the at-risk student : an intergroup relations perspective". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26767.
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The present study surveyed 644 (337 males, 306 females) high school students and found that social groups that were disidentified from schools, when compared to identified groups; (a) were perceived to be more distinctive, (b) were more sensitive to the number of competing outgroups, (c) had more closed and cohesive group structures, (d) were perceived to have more homogeneous memberships, and (e) were perceived to be more likely to enact behavioral sanctions against members who strayed from internal group norms. While members of school-identified groups had better self-esteem on average than members of disidentified (at-risk) groups, members of disidentified groups who felt closely connected to their groups had better self-esteem than those who felt more loosely associated, and, such disidentified group members had self-esteem comparable to even identified group members. The results of the present study suggest that the dominant individualistic paradigm fails to satisfactorily explain, or address the needs of socially connected at-risk students who rely on their anti-normative groups to buoy their self-esteem and define their identities.
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Weber, J. Mark. "Social identity, disidentification, and the at-risk student, an intergroup relations perspective". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29577.pdf.
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Adams, Randall M. "Application of risk control principles in relations with the health care community". Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002adamsr.pdf.
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Balkmar, Dag. "On Men and Cars : An Ethnographic Study of Gendered, Risky and Dangerous Relations". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81487.
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It is well known that young men constitute a high-risk group in terms of accidents involving both themselves and others. But comparatively little is known about the roles of gender, masculinity and automobility in reproducing or subverting such particularly risky performances of identity. The study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how gender, primarily masculinity, is interrelated with car-related identities, practices and material constructions. Contributing with qualitative insights, this study explores the ways in which gendered individuals and cars co-constitute one another in a particular context, the community of Swedish car modifiers. By using an ethnographic approach, this thesis investigates the lives of young and middle-aged car enthusiasts who invest considerable time, money, skill and passion in modifying, showing and driving their cars. The material stems from fieldwork carried out at car shows, in cars, on online modified-car forums and in garages between 2006 and 2008. In total, 53 men and 14 women between the ages of 19 and 60 make up the informants. The study shows how gender, in particular masculinity, is reproduced and negotiated in the modifiers’ attempts to become “unique” subjects through making their own versions of the car. Cars are not only a means of self-expression and constructing identity, but serve to build community and regulate relations between, primarily, men through competition at car shows and when driving. The study examines the reproduction of craftsmanship as a purified ideal that distinguishes car modifiers as a “special kind” of men, a figure that takes its form through intersecting imaginaries of Swedishness, class and masculinity. To rely on one’s own ideas and hands represented a more authentic way of creating one’s dream car in a heavily commercialised culture. Constructions of masculinity in driving are explored in its profoundly embodied, emotional and dangerous aspects developed in the context of men, cars and risk-taking. The personalised car is shown to generate different forms of risk-taking, which are also productive of counter-discourses on dangerous and risky driving.Det är välkänt att unga män utgör en särskild högriskgrupp vad gäller trafikolyckor som involverar både dem själva och andra. Samtidigt brister kunskapen om hur genus, maskulinitet och motorkulturer samverkar för att stärka eller undergräva sådana former av risktagande och identitetsskapande. Den här studien syftar till att bidra till en fördjupad förståelse om hur genus, särskilt maskulinitet, är sammanvävt med bilrelaterade identiteter, praktiker och materiella konstruktioner. Med en kvalitativ forskningsansats utforskas de sätt som individer och bilar samkonstitueras i ett specifikt sammanhang, nämligen bland svenska bilbyggare/bilentusiaster. Med en etnografisk ansats studeras unga och medelålders bilentusiasters intresse för sina bilar, som de lägger ner ansenliga summor pengar, tid, kunskap och passion i att bygga om, visa och köra. Studien baseras på ett fältarbete som genomfördes mellan 2006 och 2008 på bilshower, i bilar, i internetbaserade bilgemenskaper och i garage. Totalt har 53 män och 14 kvinnor mellan åldrarna 19 och 60 deltagit i studien. Studien visar att genus, särskilt maskulinitet, både återskapas och förhandlas när bilbyggarna använder bilen för att skapa sig själva som unika subjekt. Bilar är för bilentusiasterna inte bara ett uttryckssätt, utan är även centrala för att skapa samhörighet, samt för att reglera relationer mellan främst män genom att tävla på bilshower och bilkörning. I en alltmer kommersiell kultur framstår hantverksidentiteten av särskild vikt för görandet av maskulinitet. Studien undersöker återskapandet av hantverksskicklighet som ett ideal vilket urskiljer bilbyggarna som en ”särskild sorts” män, skapad genom sammanflätade föreställningar om svenskhet, klass och maskulinitet. De sätt som genus skapas genom bilkörning är intimt sammanlänkat med förkroppsligade och emotionella band till bilen, något som främst utforskats i relation till hur bilbyggarna förhandlar risk och fragilitet i relation till sina ombyggda bilar. Den personifierade bilen ger upphov till olika former av risktagande, vilka även skapar motdiskurser mot ett reproducerande av farlig och riskfylld bilkörning.
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Gledhill, Melanie Kay. "Perceived risk and health behaviour stage of change in the relatives and friends of heart attack victims /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsg555.pdf.
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Chivers, Seymour Kimberley-Clair. "Talking to relatives about genetic testing for BRCA1/2 and its risk implications : an on-going discussion". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/354118/.
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Background: Access to genetic cancer risk information can be highly dependent on whether familial risks are discussed within the family. Despite its essential role in ensuring family members have access to genetic services, there are a number of gaps in the knowledge available on people’s experiences regarding talking to their relatives about genetic testing for BRCA1/2 and its risk implications. In particular, research to date has focused far more on with whom and why (motivations) family communication regarding genetic testing occurs, rather than when or how it is occurring. Method: The study is qualitative in nature, employing in-depth interviews and constructing eco-maps as a method of identifying relevant family members and guiding the researcher through the family structure and relationships. These methods were chosen in line with an interpretive description methodology to ensure depth and richness in analysis and reporting of findings. Results: The Key Findings are as follows: 1. Communication between emotionally close relatives is different to communication with emotionally distant relatives; with emotionally close family and friends it is about sharing and supporting; whereas with emotionally distant family it is about gaining and imparting information. 2. A family’s engagement in communication regarding genetic testing is implicitly linked to their experiences of cancer burden, and how openly this is discussed in the family. 3. There is a lack of understanding of risks to men and their offspring based on perceptions of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer being a female disease. 4. Emotionally distant and male relatives are only contacted selectively. Those undergoing genetic testing for BRCA1/2 are not good at identifying all at-risk family members in order to share the implications of the genetic test with them. 5. As far as the family are concerned, members do not have the right to make an informed decision to decline. 6. Plans for telling people in the future, especially children, is a cause of worry and concern for those undergoing testing and needs further support, especially in the longer term. Conclusions: Developing interventions to help manage problems associated with family communication regarding genetic testing for cancer risk should be a top research priority, especially as the numbers of people affected by these issues is set to rise as more genes are discovered. The longitudinal view identified gives deep insight into how and when genetic testing for BRCA1/2 are discussed within these families, allowing future interventions to be targeted where they are most helpful.
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Urrunaga, Nicole, José E. Montoya-Medina, J. Jaime Miranda, Miguel Moscoso-Porras, María K. Cárdenas, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Robert H. Gilman y Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Attitudes, health lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic risk factors among relatives of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus". Elsevier Ltd, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653763.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Objective: To describe and compare attitudes, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiometabolic risk factors between individuals with and without a relative with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in the same household. Methods: A secondary analysis of baseline data from an implementation study in Peru was conducted. The outcomes were attitudes towards changing lifestyle behaviors (e.g. intentions towards losing weight, increasing physical activity, reducing salt consumption, etc), profiles of health lifestyle behaviors (e.g. daily smoking, heavy drinking, and physical activity), and cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g., overweight [body mass index ≥25 kg/m2] and hypertension); whereas the exposure was the presence of at least one relative with known diagnosis of T2DM living in the same household. Multilevel logistic mixed effect regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: A total of 2298 records, 1134 (49.4%) males, mean age 43.3 (SD: 17.2) years, were analyzed. There was no evidence of a difference in lifestyle-changing attitudes, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity levels, and hypertension between individuals with and without relatives with T2DM. Overweight was 63% more common among individuals having a relative with a T2DM in multivariable model (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.03–2.61). Conclusions: Individuals with relatives with T2DM have higher probabilities of being overweight compared to those who did not have relatives with T2DM in the same household. The absence of differences on lifestyle-related attitudes and behaviors highlight the need of involving relatives of patients with T2DM on intervention strategies to further enhance diabetes prevention and management efforts.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Revisión por pares
Revisión por pares
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Manis, Athanasios. "Explaining risk-taking and risk-averse behaviours in peacemaking : a prospect theory reading of the AKP leadership's behaviour vis-à-vis Cyprus and Armenia". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3322/.
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It is not only war and conflict that can determine the political fate of a leader but also peacemaking initiatives. Reversing long-standing national foreign policy choices that perpetuate animosity, friction and lack of diplomatic relations between states can put leaders in a precarious situation given domestic and external reactions. Accordingly, can foreign policy change of that respect be considered as risk-seeking or risk-averse behaviour on the part of leaders? Furthermore, if foreign policy change is considered as risk-seeking behaviour, then why do leaders and decision-makers spearhead and engage actively with these initiatives of peacemaking? This study, the first of its kind in the literature of prospect theory, analyses peacemaking initiatives under conditions of risk and uncertainty by shedding light on the decisions undertaken by the leadership of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), focusing specifically on its foreign policy choices vis-à-vis Cyprus and Armenia in 2004 and 2009 respectively. In particular, it raises questions as to the extent to which Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s and his inner circle’s decision to promote the resolution of two long-standing diplomatic issues was risky and what induced them to actively engage with the cases at hand. Using prospect theory’s analytical tools, it is argued that the revisionary policies that the AKP leadership, in particular Recep Tayyip Erdogan, introduced and promoted were riskier choices compared to Turkey’s long-standing policies vis-à-vis Cyprus and Armenia. This raises questions as to what induced Erdogan to push for a solution of the Cyprus issue during the Annan negotiations between 2002 and 2004, and the Annan Plan referendum in 2004, despite Turkish Cypriot leader’s, Rauf Denktas’s reactions and his support from the Turkish establishment at the time. Similarly, what induced Erdogan to seek the normalisation of Turkish-Armenian relations? This is a particularly puzzling question if one considers that Erdogan’s government signed the Zurich Protocols on 10 October 2009, which provided for the normalisation of Turkish-Armenian relations without any reference to the NagornoKarabakh issue - the foremost security concern for Azerbaijan and one of Turkey’s main prerequisites for normalising relations with Armenia – but then shortly after reversed the process. Towards that end, I have developed questions concerning the riskiness of these options, the risk propensity of Erdogan himself and the factors that affected this. After a comprehensive empirical analysis on the basis of two new prospect theoretical models (a. prospect theory-diversionary peace theory model, b. prospect theory-external balancing theory model) that provide alternative hypotheses about what induces risk-seeking and riskaverse behaviour in cases of peacemaking through concessions, I argue that the prospect theory-diversionary peace model’s main assumption about the effect of internal threats on decision-makers’ risk propensity is validated. Accordingly, there is a direct causal link between, firstly, the internal strife that took place between the AKP leadership and the Turkish establishment at the time, particularly the Turkish Army; and, secondly, the riskseeking propensity of Recep Tayyip Erdogan in revising Turkey’s traditional foreign policy. More specifically, Erdogan felt that he was in the domain of losses in terms of his political survivability and that of his government as well as in terms of the prospects for consolidating his power in the sphere of Turkish politics. In order to counterbalance the army’s subversive policies against the AKP and its clout in Turkish politics, he attempted to revise Turkey’s foreign policy vis-à-vis Cyprus and Armenia. It became clear to him that changing Turkey’s foreign policy in these two cases could, potentially, boost his personal image and that of his government amongst Turkey’s traditional allies, the EU and the US. In the case of Cyprus, EU member states directly connected the opening of accession negotiations with Turkey with its constructive role at the UN-sponsored negotiating table for a final settlement of the longstanding issue. In the case of Armenia, US institutions, particularly the US Congress and to some extent the US administrations had traditionally pressed for the normalisation of Turkey’s relations with Armenia and the opening of the borders. By revising, for the first time, Turkey’s long-standing foreign policy vis-à-vis Cyprus and Armenia, Erdogan and his government exhibited a risk-seeking behaviour compared to the reproduction of Turkish foreign policy that had traditionally taken place. The AKP leadership’s expectation was to increase its international popularity with Turkey’s traditional allies, the EU and the US, as a means of remedying the internal threat that the Turkish establishment, and particularly the Turkish Army, posed at the time to the survival and consolidation of Erdogan’s government. Parallel to that, the AKP’s revisionary policies were an attempt to discredit the Turkish Army’s international profile among Turkey’s traditional allies for being intransigent, while a potential final solution of the two problems would weaken the powerful domestic narrative that the Army had used to depict itself as Turkey’s guarantor of security against external threats. The frozen conflict on Cyprus and the enmity with Armenia had been important sources of legitimacy for the Turkish Army.
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Feyler, Stéphanie. "Évaluation et surveillance des risques relatifs aux conglomérats financiers". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT4005/document.
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Les mutations structurelles au sein de l'industrie financière sont nombreuses, protéiformes et complexes. L'analyse de leurs conséquences, particulièrement en matière de stabilité financière, s'avère cruciale. Notre travail se concentre sur l'une de ces transformations, à savoir l'émergence et le développement de la conglomération financière, qui a pour singularité d'entremêler diversification et globalisation, et qui, à notre sens, a été relativement peu étudié. Notre objectif est donc de contribuer à combler cette insuffisance. Nous avons articulé notre réflexion autour de trois axes : l'appréhension pratique de la conglomération financière, ses implications en termes de risque, et ses incidences en matière de dispositif prudentiel, et plus particulièrement en termes d'architecture de surveillance. Nous proposons de pallier l'absence de données dédiées spécifiquement à ce mouvement en utilisant des données relatives aux opérations de fusions-acquisitions. Alors qu'il est impossible d'affirmer de manière univoque si ces groupes sont plus ou moins risqués que leurs homologues individuels et susceptibles d'exposer la sphère financière à des risques exacerbés et/ou nouveaux, nous explicitons les éléments à même d'engendrer un profil de risque plus élevé, soulignons l'importance d'adopter une perspective globale du niveau de risque encouru et démontrons l'incidence pernicieuse de la stratégie de diversification sur la probabilité de risque systémique. Enfin, nous montrons à l'aide d'un Probit Multinomial que la conglomération financière est un facteur explicatif aux cotés des facteurs traditionnellement mis en avant de l'unification des autorités nationales de surveillanceThe arisen structural changes, and still current, within the financial industry are especially numerous, multiple and complex. The analysis of their consequences, particularly on financial stability, turns out crucial. Our work concentrates on one of these transformations, the emergence and the development of the financial conglomeration, which has for peculiarity to mix diversification and globalization, and which in our sense was rarely studied. Our objective is to contribute to fill this lack. We articulated our reflection around three axes: the practice apprehension of the financial conglomeration, its implications in terms on risk exposure, and its incidences in prudential plan, more particularly in terms on architecture of the financial supervision. We suggest mitigating the absence of data dedicated specifically to this movement by using data relative to the operations of mergers & acquisitions. While it seems impossible to assert in a unambiguous way if these groups are more or less risked that their counterparts individual and susceptible to expose the financial sphere to aggravated and\or new risks, we clarify elements to engender a higher risk profile, underline the importance to adopt a global perspective towards this level of incurred risk and demonstrate the pernicious incidence of the strategy of diversification on the probability of systematic risk. Finally, we show by means of a Probit Multinomial that the financial conglomeration is an explanatory factor in the highly-rated of factors traditionally advanced by the unification of the national authorities of supervision
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Taquechel, Eric F. "Validation of rational deterrence theory analysis of U.S. government and adversary risk propensity and relative emphasis on gain or loss /". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FTaquechel.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Morag, Nadav ; Strindberg, Anders. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Risk, Rational Deterrence Theory, Subjective Expected Utility, Prospect Utility Theory, Japan, USSR, Pearl Harbor, Cuban Missile Crisis, North Korea, Iran, Game Theory, Strategic Environment, Capabilities, Strategic Culture. Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-178). Also available in print.
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Thomson, Stuart. "Assessing the risk and relative value of commercial mortgage-backed securities issued in South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5066.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-170).The aim of the research is to assess the risks and current pricing of single-borrower/multi-property and multi-borrower/multi-property commercial mortgage-backed securities in South Africa and make investors aware of the potential pitfalls of investing in these new bond instruments.
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Tsertsvadze, Alexander. "Recreational physical activity, relative body weight and risk of bladder cancer: A case-control study". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26787.
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Bladder cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed neoplasm of the urinary tract. Effects of physical activity and body fat mass on risk of bladder cancer are not well studied. Physical activity and/or body weight may exert their effects on bladder cancer risk through hormonal, immune, or yet other unknown causal pathways. This thesis, using a case-control study design, investigated the association between recreational physical activity, relative body weight (BMI), and risk of bladder cancer in men and women separately. The analysis was based on a portion of the National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance System dataset. The self-reported data had been collected from bladder cancer cases and population controls during 1994--1997 in seven Canadian Provinces. The analyzed samples were 2,312 males (670 cases and 1,642 controls) and 1,824 women (359 cases and 1,465 controls). In men and women, the adjusted ORs (highest vs. lowest quartile) for physical activity were 1.24 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.66) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.52, 1.21), respectively. The corresponding ORs for BMI were 1.29 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.72) and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.55), respectively. This study found that parous women were at reduced risk of bladder cancer compared to nulliparous women (OR = 0.56. 95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.80). In agreement with other studies, certain occupations and cigarette smoking were associated with increased risk of bladder cancer. In men, but not in women, coffee consumption was associated with a slightly increased risk of bladder cancer (≥1 cup per day vs. never: OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.68). There was not enough evidence in this study to conclude that recreational physical activity and BMI were related to risk of bladder cancer.
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Taylor, Charles E. "A microcomputer model for assessing the relative risks and vulnerabilities of streets and jurisdictions to the shipment of hazardous materials". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42206.
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The comprehensive planning of transportation systems resource allocations and operating regulations so as to minimize the danger to localities from hazardous materials shipments is a growing concern among transportation planners. Standing in their way are a number of difficulties inherent in the data collection and modeling practices currently in use. Additionally, such current practices do not afford practical means for comparing large numbers of jurisdictions which is necessary for equity among jurisdictions and cost effectiveness.
In response to these difficulties, this research is intended to develop a microcomputer based model to quantitatively compare the susceptibility of different streets and jurisdictions to the resulting effects of different types of hazardous materials accidents. Implied in the development of this model are such worthwhile considerations as: ease of use, maximum ability for user customizing, ability to work with existing and future data and data types, and clarity as well as variety of output formats. An evaluation of the appropriateness of this model for 1984 through 1987 Pennsylvania data is then undertaken. In addition, a brief assessment of the applicability of this macro level model in the total risk reduction environment is incorporated.Master of Science
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Trancik, Anika. "Examining the relations among cortisol response, family risk factors, parenting, and child adjustment /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9161.
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Carlson, Drew Gregory. "Evaluating Propect Theory as a Model to Predict Risk-taking in International Relations". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297521.
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Causes of risk-taking behavior have been studied extensively in the social sciences. Research in psychology and economics in particular has contributed to a re-evaluation of how actors approach the topic of risk in international relations. Presented here is an evaluation of both the current literature base on risk in global politics and new findings and analysis. Specifically, this paper focuses on the potential of prospect theory to explain risky actions. The current literature is very strong in providing case studies that examine specific instances of risk-taking, but contains few attempts that address the entire system. Therefore, a logistical regression model was used to test the ability of prospect theory and more traditional theories to predict risky actions. The data indicates that the causes of risky actions depend upon how risk those actions are. Fairly risky military mobilizations appear to be caused by the loss of relative military power, while extremely risky mobilizations appear to be caused by the loss of domestic prosperity. This paper examines why this might be the case, and concludes that while difficult to quantify properly, prospect theory has great potential to explain behavior in international politics.
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Moyal, Noémie. "Les risques psychosociaux au regard des relations individuelles et collectives du travail". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0059/document.
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Aujourd’hui, parler de « risques psychosociaux » est devenu monnaie courante. Grâce à la médiatisation fulgurante des suicides au travail, un tabou est enfin levé : le lieu de travail est un terrain hostile !Si le Code du travail n’en fait nullement référence, ces risques psychosociaux sont, semble-t-il, « des risques pour la santé crées par le travail à travers des mécanismes sociaux et psychiques », d’après la Circulaire ministérielle du 18 Avril 2002. Face à un tel vide juridique et parce que ces risques traduisent un malaise social tant sur le plan des relations individuelles que collectives de travail, est venu le temps de l’articulation de l’individuel et du collectif. C’est l’heure pour le législateur d’entrer en scène …Today, talk about " psychosocial risks " has become commonplace. With the dramatic media coverage of suicides at work, a taboo is lifted: the workplace is an hostile place!If the Labour Code makes no reference about this phenomenon, these psychosocial risks are, as it appears, « the health risks created by working through social and psychological mechanisms », according to the Ministerial Circular of 18 April 2002. Faced with such a legal vacuum and because these risks reflect a social unrest both in individual and collective relationships of labor, it came time for the articulation of the individual and the collective. It's time for the legislature to step in …
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Prakash, Puneet. "Absolute or Relative? Which Standards do Credit Rating Agencies Follow?" restricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08042005-152025/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Title from title screen. Richard D Phillips, committee chair; Neil A Doherty, Sanjay Srivastava, Jayant R Kale, Ajai Subramanian, committee members. Electronic text (133 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 26, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-74).
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Trong, Kathleen Lucine. "Using PIRLS 2006 to Measure Equity in Reading Achievement Internationally". Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/667.
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Thesis advisor: Ina V.S. MullisEquity in educational outcomes, particularly reading, is an important policy issue in countries around the world. This dissertation used data from PIRLS 2006 to explore an approach to measuring equity in reading achievement internationally at the fourth grade. Relative risk ratios were selected as a measurement approach and were used to create a composite measure, the Relative Risk-Percentage (RRP) Equity Index, to compare equity in reading achievement across countries. This index was used to present the likelihood of scoring below the PIRLS 2006 Low International Benchmark for student groups that were traditionally at risk for low reading achievement compared to other students. The `at risk' student groups that were the focus of this study included those with low parental education, who spoke a language other than the language of instruction, who attended urban or rural schools, and who were boys. To complement the RRP Equity Index results, the relative likelihood of students scoring within the lower 20 percent of their country's reading achievement distribution was also presented. The results of these analyses showed that students with these characteristics were more likely than other fourth grade students to have low reading achievement in a number of the PIRLS 2006 countries. Overall, having parents with less than secondary education and not speaking the language of the test before starting school were associated with inequity in reading achievement in the largest number of PIRLS 2006 countries. As an example of how individual countries could further explore potential reasons for inequities in reading achievement highlighted by the RRP Equity Index, logistic regression models were built for Germany, Iran, and Romania. These models explored the extent to which statistically controlling for differences in resources could diminish the effect of being in an `at risk' group on reading achievement. In all three countries examined, resources explained a substantial proportion of the risk for low reading achievement. Though the logistic regression model results were country-specific, lacking books in the home was strongly associated with lower reading achievement in all three countries
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation
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Thomson, Dana. "Changing Circumstances, Changing Outcomes?: Longitudinal Relations Between Family Income, Cumulative Risk Exposure, And Children’s Educational Success". Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107592.
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Thesis advisor: Eric DearingEmerging research in developmental psychology and neuroscience suggests that childhood poverty is associated with high levels of exposure to multiple contextual risks, which cumulatively lead to persistent elevated stress levels that have a direct, as well an indirect (e.g., through parental processes), impact on child cognitive, academic, and socioemotional functioning (Evans & Kim, 2013). Such research has begun to change the way that scholars and practitioners envision the context of poverty, the persistence of the income-achievement gap, and the types of interventions that may be most effective in addressing disparities in children’s long-term educational success. However, research on the relations between poverty-associated stress and child outcomes is still in its infancy and many questions remain. In particular, it is unclear whether changing family economic circumstances matter, a question of concern for developmental science and public policy. Moreover, there is little work on moderators of relations between income, stress, and child outcomes, which could help identify factors that buffer children from the harm of stressful home environments. With longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics’ Child Development Supplement, the present study used fixed effects models to examine within-child associations between changes in family income, cumulative risk exposure (as measured by an index that includes a range of poverty-related stressors, such as economic strain, neighborhood crime, and physical and psychological home environments), and children’s cognitive, academic and socioemotional functioning. In addition, moderators of these associations were investigated in order to identify potential protective mechanisms and crucial levers for interventions and policy development. On the whole, findings were consistent with the cumulative stress model. On average, the estimated direct effects of changes in family income (i.e., prior to examining mediation or moderators) were not significant for changes in child outcomes. Yet, changes in income were, for the sample as a whole, indirectly related via changes in cumulative risk exposure: increases in income predicted decreases in cumulative risk exposure which, in turn, predicted improvements in achievement and declines in externalizing behavior. Additionally, these relations were moderated by child age, initial level of family income, and initial level of cumulative risk
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology
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Katainen, R. "Scenario analysis 2022 : potential political risks facing foreign investors in the PRC". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53041.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the beginning of the economic reforms in 1978, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has attracted continuous interest from foreign investors, both in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade, making the PRC the second largest host of FDI in the world. Despite occasional declines in foreign investment, foreign investors remain very interested in the long-term prospects for doing business in the country. The PRC's phenominal economic growth, large consumer market, the accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO), and the government's commitment to open markets, economic reforms, and restructuring of the economy are amongst the factors that continue to attract foreign investment and trade. Despite the huge market potential and strong desire by foreign investors to do business in The PRC, the track record of foreign companies and investments in the country have at best been mixed. While some foreign investors have reaped large profits, others have failed to meet their performance targets. Foreign investors have faced a number of problems that are not market or trade related, but associated with economic, political and social trends and developments, including corruption, nepotism, crime, poor infrastructure, a depleted banking system, inefficient legal system, unemployment and poverty. Therefore, it is not surprising that many foreign investors are asking themselves whether the benefits of doing business in the PRC are worth the risks. In an increasingly uncertain and instable international trade and investment environment political risk assessment and management have become essential components of any profitable foreign investment strategy. Consequently, numerous political risk-rating agencies and a large number of both qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods have emerged over the years. There is, however, neither general consensus regarding the definition of political risk nor a comprehensively systematic method of conducting political risk assessment. The definitions of political risk include a wide variety of indicators, ranging from governmental actions to all non-market developments. The number of methods available for political risk analysis range from informal, unsystematic assessments by a few individuals to formal, systematic, and sophisticated risk analysis models. There are, however, some similarities. The main objective of political risk analyses is to describe, explain, and forecast political conditions and events that affect the interests of foreign investors operating abroad or planning to enter a foreign market. In addition, political risk analyses attempt to forecast losses, and recommend means of managing the risk, avoiding the losses, and seizing the opportunities. Scenario planning is one of the qualitative methods used to analyse political risk. Scenario planning, however, differs from most other approaches as it does not try to accurately predict what will happen in the future or to provide the right tool for foreseeing the future developments, but to offer a range of possible futures. The underlying assumption is that the future cannot be forecast or predicted with certainty, but that the very process of thinking about the future and exploring the implications of possible future scenarios may have a profound impact on foreign investment and trade. Scenario planning is a method that provides insightful information necessary to understand, anticipate and respond to change and uncertainty in the future PRC. The development of four 20-year scenarios in this study demonstrates that the prospects for foreign investment can be both positive and negative. When the economy continues to grow strongly, and the government is able to maintain a stable environment and successfully implement the necessary changes foreign investors are expected to reap the desired benefits. However, if the problems facing the PRC at the moment further deteriorate foreign investors could expect increased risks, and the possibility of failure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vanaf die begin van die ekonomiese transformasie in 1978, het die Volksrepubliek van Sjina voortdurende belangstelling van buitelandse beleggers geniet. Hierdie belangstelling was gemanifesteer in die vorm van direkte buitelandse belegging asook internasionale handel. Sjina het so aanloklik vir buitelandse beleggers geword, dat dit tans die wêreld se tweede grootste ontvanger van buitelandse belegging is, en beleggers stel veral belang in die lang termyn moontlikhede van besigheid doen in die land. Die Volksrepubliek van Sjina se merkwaardige ekonomiese groei, groot verbruikersmark, toetreding tot die Wêreld Handels Organisasie, en die regering se verbintenis aan die ontwikkeling van 'n oop ekonomie, ekonomiese transformasie en die herstrukturering van die ekonomie as sulks, is sommige van die faktore wat toenemend buitelandse belegging en handel aanlok. Ten spyte van die groot verbruikersmark potensiaal en die sterk begeerte van buitelandse beleggers om besigheid te doen in die Volksrepubliek van Sjina, is die ervarings van buitelandse maatskappye tot dusver gemeng. Alhoewel sommige buitelandse beleggers groot wins gemaak het, het ander minder sukses ervaar. Buitelandse beleggers word ook gekonfronteer met baie probleme wat nie noodwendig met die mark of handel gepaard gaan nie. Hierdie probleme word geassosieer met ekonomiese, politieke en sosiale gebeure en faktore insluitend korrupsie, misdaad, nepotisme, swak infrastruktuur, 'n ledige bank sisteem, 'n ondoeltreffende regssisteem, werkloosheid en armoede. Baie buitelandse beleggers betwyfel dus moontlik die vraag of besigheid doen in die Volksrepubliek van Sjina tog meer voordele inhou as risiko. In 'n wêreld waar internasionale handel en belegging met onsekerheid en onstabiliteit gepaard gaan, het die aspekte van politieke risiko skadebepaling en -bestuur belangrike komponente van enige winsgewende buitelandse belegging strategie geword. Gevolglik het verskeie politieke risiko-analise agentskappe asook 'n verskeie risiko-analise metodes van beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe aard hul verskyning gemaak. Ten spyte van die bogenoemde is daar nog steeds geen veralgemeende konsensus oor die definisie van politieke risiko, of 'n oorsigtelik sistematiese metode van politieke risiko-skatting onderneem nie. Die definisies van politieke risiko sluit in 'n groot verskeidenheid van indikatore wat wissel van regeringaksies tot mark-onverwante gebeure. Die verskeidendheid van metodologië wat gebruik word in politieke risiko-analise wissel van informeel, onsistematiese skattings, tot formele, sistematiese en gesofistikeerde risiko-analise modelle. Die primêre doel van politieke risiko-analise is om te beskryf en te verduidelik, en ook om politieke omstandighede en gebeurtenisse wat die belangstelling van buitelandse beleggers affekteer te voorspel. Addisioneel beoog politieke risiko-analise om ook die moontlikheid van verlies te voorspel en om 'n strategie vir die bestuur van die risiko aan te beveel, om sodoende verlies so ver moontlik te vermy asook om moontlike geleenthede aan te gryp. Senariobeplanning is een van die kwalitiatiewe metodes wat gebruik kan word in die analise van politieke risiko. Senariobeplanning verskil van ander benaderings in die sin dat dit nie akkurate voorspellings vir die toekoms as sulks maak nie, maar eerder 'n verskeidenheid van moontlike toekomstige omstandighede weergee. Die ontwikkeling van vier 20-jaar senarios vir die Volksrepubliek van Sjina in hierdie studie illustreer hoe die uitsigte vir buitelandse belegging positief sowel as negatief kan wees. Indien die Sjinese ekonomie verder groei en die regering in staat is om 'n stabiele omgewing in stand te hou asook die nodige veranderings te implimenteer, kan buitelandse beleggers verwag om beoogde voordele van buitelandse belegging te ervaar. Maar as die probleme wat die Volksrepubliek van Sjina op die oomblik ervaar voortduur en lof verswak, kan buitelandse beleggers verhoogde risiko sowel as die moontlikheid van mislukkings verwag.
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Weismann, Gretchen D. "The relative risk : parenting, poverty, and peers in the three city study of moving to opportunity". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44365.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-274).
This study shows how kin networks, parental monitoring, and housing mobility structure low-income adolescents' engagement in risky and delinquent behavior. I use ethnographic data from a mixed-method study of a randomized housing experiment: The Three City Study of Moving to Opportunity. The ethnography was conducted over 8 months in 2004-2005 with thirty-nine families, including fifty-two male and female adolescents (ages 11-23) in greater Boston, Los Angeles, and New York. Beginning in 1994, two-thirds of the families (members of the experimental complier group) relocated from public and assisted housing in high poverty neighborhoods to very low poverty neighborhoods, using a rental housing voucher and other program supports. The remaining one-third of the sample, a control group, continued to live in high poverty "project" neighborhoods. Using case-study logic, I examine how the content and location of adolescent's daily routines and social ties to friends and relatives are associated with their involvement in risky and delinquent behavior. I also examine the role of parental monitoring and housing mobility patterns in moderating exposure to risk.I find that for most adolescents in the experimental-complier group, the neighborhood of residence has not become the primary neighborhood of influence in that the former only partially structures their routines and important social relations. How parents manage their social relations, especially with kin, shapes their children's level of engagement in new residential neighborhoods, and involvement in risky and delinquent behavior.
(cont.) Socializing with kin is risky because it brings youth back to dangerous neighborhood environments and because many youth stay connected to kin who are actively engaged in risky and delinquent behavior, including gang banging, drugs, and crime. Parenting moderates this exposure, but for some families, it does not change dramatically after relocation. These findings contribute to research on low-income housing policy and neighborhood effects by demonstrating the critical role of extended family networks, ongoing housing mobility, and multiple neighborhoods of influence in shaping exposure to risk. My policy recommendations include strategies to: help very low-income families who escape high-risk neighborhoods to stay out of them over time, and to manage the risk in their lives.
Gretchen D. Weismann.
Ph.D.
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Talseth, Anne-Grethe. "Psychiatric care of people at risk of committing suicide : narrative interviews with registered nurses, physicians, patients and their relatives". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96910.
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The aims of this thesis are to illuminate the meaning of being cared for and treated by nurses and physicians, as narrated by psychiatric suicidal in-patients; the meaning of taking care of and treating patient at risk of committing suicide, as narrated by nurses and physicians; and the meaning of being met and having one’s suicidal relative taken care of by health personnel, as narrated by relatives. Narrative interviews were conducted with 42 adult patients at risk of committing suicide in an in-patient psychiatric unit, 19 RNs, 19 physicians, and 15 relatives at a hospital in Norway. The tape-recorded and transcribed interviews were interpreted using a phenomenological hermeneutic method. Nurses’ relations to patients at risk of committing suicide were illuminated via the dimension ‘Distance- Closeness’ (I). The relation of the suicidal patient to the nurses was illuminated via the dimension ‘Confirming- Lack of confirming’ (II). The relation of physicians to patients was illuminated via the dimension ‘Power to - Power over’. (III). The relation of suicidal patients to physicians was illuminated via the dimension ‘Participating approach-Observing approach’ (TV). Results from the relatives’ experiences of being met by health personnel of suicidal patients reveal that the context of being met was characterized by ‘being helpless-powerless’, and that the meaning of the experiences of ‘being met’ was reflected in six themes: ‘Being seen as a human being’; ‘Participating in an I-Thou relationship with personnel’; ‘Trusting personnel, treatment and care’; ‘Being trusted by personnel’; ‘Being consoled’; and ‘Entering into hope’ (V). The interpreted meanings of the experience of being cared for as a person at risk of committing suicide were illuminated as confirmation, communion, consolation and hope. Threaded through these meanings is the relation with self and others. Thus, the essence of the results that emerged from this study indicates the presence of a relational view of the care received by people at risk of committing suicide.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2001, härtill 5 uppsatser
digitalisering@umu
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Lin, Shu-Yi y 林書儀. "Comparisons of the Cancer Risk Estimates between Excess Relative Risk and Relative Risk Models：A Case Study". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64694202329708781734.
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碩士國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
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Background and purpose： Relative risk models（RR Model）such as Poisson Log-linear Model and Cox Proportional Hazard Model are commonly used in cancer risk assessment in public health and clinical medicine. However, in radiation research, linear relative risk model is often used to estimate excess relative risk（ERR Model）. For example, the ERR models have been long used in many studies including the studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors and workers in the nuclear power plant. The purpose of this study is to compare the estimates of the cancer risks between the ERR models and the RR models using the Taiwan radiation-contaminated buildings cohort (the RCB cohort) follow-up data from 1983 to 2005. Materials and methods： The analyses were based on 6,242 subjects who had ever lived in radio-contaminated buildings. As of 2005, 117 cancer cases were identified from National Cancer Registry in Taiwan. The study compares and assesses the estimates of cancer risks by Cox proportional hazard model, Poisson regression model and excess relative risk model. Results and conclusions： A total of 6,242 subjects were followed-up for 18.9 years on average. The study verifies that the excess relative risk estimated by the ERR model are equivalent to the relative risk minus one estimated by the Poisson log-linear models based on grouped data; the p values calculated by likelihood ratio tests are also equivalent. Our analysis based on empirical data shows that the results by Cox model（hazard ratios；HR）are in general more conservative than those by ERR model and Poisson model（rate ratios）. The relative risks estimated by the models using attained age or the ones using time from exposure to event as the time scales were similar. Adjusting for different covariates does not change the estimates substantially. Keywords： Cox model, Poisson model, ERR model, cancer risk, prolonged low dose-rate radiation exposure
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Hsiang, Chu Wen y 出文祥. "Modified Likelihood Relative Risk Estimate". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83891057641327124505.
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