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1

Sheller, Mimi. "The reproduction of reproduction: theorizing reproductive (im)mobilities." Mobilities 15, no. 2 (2020): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2020.1730608.

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2

PULKIT, SHARMA, VIJAY M., and MUKHERJEE DEBANIK. "A Brief Review on Asexual Reproduction in Indian Squamate Reptiles." International Journal of Life Sciences Research 12, no. 3 (2024): 33–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13827414.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong><em> </em>Although sexual reproduction is the most common reproductive strategy in most vertebrates but there is asexual mode of reproductions also being reported in several squamate reptiles. It is perhaps an evolutionary reproductive strategy to avoid immediate extinction where population size is drastically low during colonization in newly formed habitats. Most of the asexual populations are perhaps hybrids gradually originated from their sexual parents due to intense ecological resource competition.&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Keywords:</strong> &nbsp;Sexual reproduction,
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3

Malkandueva, A. Kh, and M. V. Kashukoev. "INFLUENCE OF REPRODUCTION ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT." Scientific Life 16, no. 7 (2021): 811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-811-819.

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The article presents the results of a study on the effect of seed reproduction on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain in the steppe zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The studies were carried out in 2015-2018 on the winter common wheat variety Yuzhanka, jointly bred by the Institute of Agriculture of the KBSC RAS and the N.N. P. P. Lukyanenko in the conditions of the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria. In the experiments, changes in the yield structure and grain quality were studied depending on reproduction on the crops of the breeding nursery, superelite, elite, reproductive se
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4

Belk, Mark C., Peter J. Meyers, and J. Curtis Creighton. "Bigger Is Better, Sometimes: The Interaction between Body Size and Carcass Size Determines Fitness, Reproductive Strategies, and Senescence in Two Species of Burying Beetles." Diversity 13, no. 12 (2021): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13120662.

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The cost of reproduction hypothesis suggests that allocation to current reproduction constrains future reproduction. How organisms accrue reproductive costs and allocate energy across their lifetime may differ among species adapted to different resource types. We test this by comparing lifetime reproductive output, patterns of reproductive allocation, and senescence between two species of burying beetles, Nicrophorus marginatus and N. guttula, that differ in body size, across a range of carcass sizes. These two species of burying beetles maximized lifetime reproductive output on somewhat diffe
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5

Persson, Jens. "Female wolverine (Gulo gulo) reproduction: reproductive costs and winter food availability." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 11 (2005): 1453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-143.

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An individual has only a given amount of resources, and therefore an increase in one demographic trait results in a trade-off that necessitates a decrease in a different demographic trait. In general, the main factor determining an individual mammal's reproductive investment is food supply. This study addresses how female wolverine (Gulo gulo (L., 1758)) reproduction is limited. I tested two complementary hypotheses: (1) current reproduction is affected by the costs of reproduction in the preceding year and (2) current reproduction is affected by food availability in the current winter. I addr
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6

Vekhnik, Victoria Alexandrovna. "Reproductive activity of male edible dormice (Glis glis L., 1766) in the peripheral population." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 2 (2016): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20162103.

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The edible dormouse is a dendrobiont hibernating rodent breeding once a year. A peculiarity of the species biology is regular reproduction failure in non-mast years. In the center of the area it occurs due to the lack of male reproductive activity. In the studied population on the eastern periphery of the dormouse area previous studies proved the decisive role of mass resorption of embryos at females in the process. The dynamics of males reproductive activity and its impact on the reproduction were not considered previously in detail. In this work the periodicity and intensity of reproductive
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7

Lanca, Margaret, and David J. Bryant. "Effect of Orientation in Haptic Reproduction of Line Length." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3_suppl (1995): 1291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3c.1291.

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We investigated the accuracy of haptic reproduction of line length and whether accuracy is influenced by line orientation. 13 blindfolded subjects felt along different line lengths at various orientations in the horizontal plane, then reproduced the line lengths in the same orientation as that felt. Efforts were made to equate learning and reproductive scanning movements. Reproductions of line lengths were a nonveridical power function of their true lengths, but the power function exponents did not differ across spatial orientations. It was concluded that people can encode line lengths across
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8

Clark, Nathaniel L., Jan E. Aagaard, and Willie J. Swanson. "Evolution of reproductive proteins from animals and plants." Reproduction 131, no. 1 (2006): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00357.

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Sexual reproduction is a fundamental biological process common among eukaryotes. Because of the significance of reproductive proteins to fitness, the diversity and rapid divergence of proteins acting at many stages of reproduction is surprising and suggests a role of adaptive diversification in reproductive protein evolution. Here we review the evolution of reproductive proteins acting at different stages of reproduction among animals and plants, emphasizing common patterns. Although we are just beginning to understand these patterns, by making comparisons among stages of reproduction for dive
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9

Méndez, M., and J. R. Obeso. "Size-dependent reproductive and vegetative allocation in Arum italicum (Araceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 2 (1993): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-032.

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The proportional allocation of plant total resources for growth, reproduction, vegetative propagation, and the balance between them were examined in Arum italicum. A minimum threshold dry mass (2.5 g) was found in this species before reproduction could occur, but above 10 g of dry mass, all individuals in a sample of 151 produced at least one inflorescence. Resource allocation for vegetative growth, sexual reproduction, and vegetative propagation significantly increased as dry mass of the plant increased. Increases in plant size resulted in increased proportional allocation to sexual reproduct
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10

Smietana, Marcin, Charis Thompson, and France Winddance Twine. "Making and breaking families – reading queer reproductions, stratified reproduction and reproductive justice together." Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online 7 (November 2018): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbms.2018.11.001.

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11

Hess, B. W., S. L. Lake, E. J. Scholljegerdes, et al. "Nutritional controls of beef cow reproduction." Journal of Animal Science 83, suppl_13 (2005): E90—E106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/2005.8313_supple90x.

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Abstract The livestock industry and animal scientists have long recognized the importance of proper nutrition for cattle to achieve reproductive success. Timely resumption of estrus following parturition is a major milestone that a cow must reach for optimal reproduction. Dynamic interplay among all strata of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis occurs during the cow's transition from postpartum anestrus to reproductive competence. The reproductive axis integrates a milieu of nutritionally related signals that directly or indirectly affect reproduction. Directing nutritional inputs toward
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12

Hasegawa, Shigeaki, and Hiroshi Takeda. "Functional specialization of current shoots as a reproductive strategy in Japanese alder (Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica)." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 1 (2001): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-143.

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Current shoots, which form the crown of a tree, are specialized in various functions such as crown expansion, reproduction, and assimilation. We examined the temporal and spatial distribution of reproductive shoots in Alnus hirsuta Turcz. var. sibirica (Fischer) C.K. Schn., assessed their direct and indirect costs of reproduction, and explained their distribution in the crown as the reproductive strategy of a current shoot population. The upper and lower limits to the lengths of current shoots for reproductive growth (flower formation) were 40 and 10 cm, respectively. Reproductive 1-year-old s
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13

Reekie, Edward G., Sonya Budge, and Jennifer L. Baltzer. "The shape of the trade-off function between reproduction and future performance in Plantago major and Plantago rugelii." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 2 (2002): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-146.

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There is a paucity of data describing the nature of the trade-off function between reproduction and future performance. Most studies implicitly assume it is a linear function such that allocation of resources to reproduction results in a proportional decline in future survival and reproduction. We reanalyse data from a field experiment with half-sib families of Plantago major L. that suggests this relationship is in fact curvilinear. Low levels of reproductive investment had relatively little impact on future performance and higher levels of investment had a larger impact. To explain this curv
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14

Franklin, Sarah, and Delphine Gardey. "40 ans de reproduction médicalement assistée : une lecture anthropologique et féministe." Travail, genre et sociétés 50, no. 2 (2023): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/tgs.050.0031.

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Dans cet entretien, Sarah Franklin revient sur son itinéraire, proposant des pistes pour aborder les transformations intervenues dans le champ de la reproduction médicalement assistée depuis 40 ans. Avec des enquêtes sur la médecine régénérative, le clonage ou les marchés de tissus et services reproductifs, Sarah Franklin est une figure incontournable de l’analyse des mutations médicales et sociales contemporaines dans le champ de la reproduction et de la parenté. Elle situe son parcours dans le sillage des pionnières de la critique féministe de l’anthropologie culturelle, des techniques et de
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15

Lappé, Martine, Robbin Jeffries Hein, and Hannah Landecker. "Environmental Politics of Reproduction." Annual Review of Anthropology 48, no. 1 (2019): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102218-011346.

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What constitutes “human reproduction” is under negotiation as its biology, social nature, and cultural valences are increasingly perceived as bound up in environmental issues. This review maps the growing overlap between formerly rather separate domains of reproductive politics and environmental politics, examining three interrelated areas. The first is the emergence of an intersectional environmental reproductive justice framework in activism and environmental health science. The second is the biomedical delineation of the environment of reproduction and development as an object of growing re
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16

Morton, Martin L., Maria E. Pereyra, John D. Crandall, Elizabeth A. MacDougall-Shackleton, and Thomas P. Hahn. "Reproductive Effort and Return Rates in the Mountain White-Crowned Sparrow." Condor 106, no. 1 (2004): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.131.

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AbstractWe analyzed return rates of high-altitude-breeding Mountain White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) in relation to five components of their previous season's reproductive effort: number of fledglings produced, double brooding, number of nesting attempts (first nests plus renests), total number of eggs laid, and fledging date. No relationship of return rate to reproductive effort occurred except in the case of fledging date. Fledging dates spanned a 2-month period from mid-June to mid-August. Returns of females to the study area held steady no matter when their chicks f
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17

Zagel, Hannah. "Reproduction policy as life course policy: normative modelling of reproductive life courses in Germany." Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 70, no. 1 (2024): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zsr-2023-0011.

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Abstract This paper investigates how familialist repronormativity, pro-natalism and reproductive autonomy feature as normative models for reproductive life courses in Germany’s current landscape of reproduction policies. Life course research has largely overlooked reproduction as a life course sphere, which is subject to state intervention and strong institutionalised normative assumptions about whether, when and how people should procreate. Drawing on policy documents and a new policy database, this paper compares the current state of reproduction policies in five policy fields (sex education
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18

Hurley, Natasha. "Reproduction/Non-reproduction." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 7, no. 2 (2015): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.7.2.148.

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19

Hurley, Natasha. "Reproduction/Non-reproduction." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 7, no. 2 (2015): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jeu.2015.0024.

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20

Lam, Carla. "Thinking Through Post-constructionism: Reflections on (Reproductive) Disembodiment and Misfits." Studies in Social Justice 10, no. 2 (2016): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v10i2.1352.

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In this article, I draw together feminist research on the distinct areas of assisted human reproduction (or new reproductive technology) and post-constructionist theory to examine some common methodological and epistemological issues fundamental for reproductive justice. I revisit the notion of technologically-assisted (reproductive) disembodiment (e.g., in vitro fertilization, surrogacy and egg donation) in light of theoretical developments in feminism, in particular post-constructionism. Specifically, I ask what light is shed on the paradox of reproduction (in particular disembodied reproduc
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21

Vasilieva, N. A., and A. V. Tchabovsky. "Timing is the only thing: reproduction in female yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 8 (2014): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0084.

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Based on 4-year field observations of yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus (Lichtenstein, 1823)), we determined whether female reproductive effort, annual reproductive success, and survival were dependent on age, body condition, time of emergence from hibernation, and previous reproduction. The probability of weaning a litter did not vary with female age, body condition, time of emergence, or previous reproduction. Litter size, litter mass, and offspring survival did not vary with age, whereas individual offspring mass was lower in yearlings than in older females. Body condition upon e
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22

Joana da Costa Freitas. "Animal Reproduction as a Natural Mechanism for Maintaining Population Stability." Journal of Academic Science 2, no. 5 (2025): 1323–32. https://doi.org/10.59613/6asnew63.

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Animal reproduction plays a critical role in maintaining population stability and ensuring the survival of species within their respective ecosystems. This qualitative study, based on a comprehensive literature review, examines the natural mechanisms through which animal reproduction contributes to population regulation. Reproductive strategies, including sexual and asexual reproduction, as well as reproductive behaviors like mating systems, parental investment, and birth timing, are analyzed to understand their impact on population dynamics. The study explores how factors such as genetic dive
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23

Kimmitt, Abigail A. "Females as the Gatekeepers to Seasonal Breeding: What We Can Learn by Studying Reproductive Mechanisms in Both Sexes." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 3 (2020): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa095.

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Synopsis Seasonal reproduction is a widespread adaptation in vertebrates, such that individuals time their reproductive efforts to match peak resource abundance. Individuals rely on environmental cues to regulate hormonal mechanisms governing timing of breeding. Historically, studies on physiological mechanisms of seasonal reproduction, specifically in birds, have disproportionately focused on males compared to females. For this review, I conducted a literature search of the last decade of avian research and found a persistent sex bias in the field of physiological mechanisms of seasonal repro
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24

Brischoux, François, and Marion Cheron. "Osmotic ‘cost’ of reproduction in breeding male toads." Biology Letters 15, no. 11 (2019): 20190689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0689.

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Shifts between habitats during reproduction can induce costs that are independent of the reproductive effort and that often apply to both sexes. Such shifts can also illustrate physiological costs complementary to those involving energetic currencies. In this study, we investigated osmotic consequences of reproduction in a context where reproduction induces a shift from terrestrial habitats to freshwater environments. During reproduction, toads migrate to breeding ponds where males remain for several weeks, while females leave shortly after egg-laying. We assessed plasma osmolality of male spi
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25

Adams, Ibrahim, Guang Yang, Muhammad Asad, and Mubashir Tariq. "An Overview of Reproduction in Insects." Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research 24, no. 7 (2024): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7529.

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Reproduction is a fundamental process in all life forms, including insects, in which offspring are produced from the parent organisms. The offspring combines genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique. Insects reproduce through both sexual and asexual reproduction, ensuring rapid population increase. Sexual reproduction involves the use gametes from both male and female insects, whilst asexual reproduction permits solitary creatures to lead to genetically identical progeny. Reproductive ecology deals with the study of how physiological characteristics, behavioral, a
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26

Lambert, Yvan, and Julian J. Dodson. "Freshwater Migration as a Determinant Factor in the Somatic Cost of Reproduction of Two Anadromous Coregonines of James Bay." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 2 (1990): 318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-033.

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We tested the hypothesis that the species-specific costs of migration differentially affect reproductive effort and somatic cost of reproduction in sympatric anadromous populations of cisco (Coregonus artedii) and lake whitefish (C. clupeaformis) of James Bay. Reproductive effort, which includes the energy cost of migration, is higher for cisco. Female cisco allocate more energy to reproduction than its total energy gain. The energy invested by lake whitefish in reproduction is approximately equal to its seasonal energy gain. Reproduction results in large differences in the energy content of g
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27

Jasienska, Grazyna. "Costs of reproduction and ageing in the human female." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1811 (2020): 20190615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0615.

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Evolutionary theories of ageing point to reproduction as a significant factor to consider when asking why ageing occurs and why there is inter-individual variation in its progression. Reproduction in human females is costly, in terms of energy, nutrients and metabolic adjustments. Thus, it is expected that women who experienced high reproductive effort resulting from multiple reproductive events will age faster. However, the evidence for long-term negative effects of reproduction is not conclusive. The lack of understanding of whether there are trade-offs between reproduction and ageing in wom
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28

Weibel, Chelsea J., Jenny Tung, Susan C. Alberts, and Elizabeth A. Archie. "Accelerated reproduction is not an adaptive response to early-life adversity in wild baboons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 40 (2020): 24909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004018117.

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In humans and other long-lived species, harsh conditions in early life often lead to profound differences in adult life expectancy. In response, natural selection is expected to accelerate the timing and pace of reproduction in individuals who experience some forms of early-life adversity. However, the adaptive benefits of reproductive acceleration following early adversity remain untested. Here, we test a recent version of this theory, the internal predictive adaptive response (iPAR) model, by assessing whether accelerating reproduction following early-life adversity leads to higher lifetime
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29

Muir, Angela M. "The cost of reproduction to the clonal herb Asarum canadense (wild ginger)." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 10 (1995): 1683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-182.

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The cost of reproduction to the clonal understorey herb Asarum canadense (wild ginger) was examined by measuring subsequent growth and storage. All connected vegetative rhizome was controlled and fully measured. Three important aspects of reproductive effort were addressed: (i) the effect of sexual reproduction on subsequent storage and growth of fragments, (ii) the effect of asexual reproduction on subsequent storage and growth of fragments, and (iii) a comparison to determine the least costly method of reproduction. It was found that sexual reproduction in wild ginger has an energy cost that
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30

Fautin, Daphne Gail. "Reproduction of Cnidaria." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 10 (2002): 1735–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-133.

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Empirical and experimental data on cnidarian reproduction show it to be more variable than had been thought, and many patterns that had previously been deduced hold up poorly or not at all in light of additional data. The border between sexual and asexual reproduction appears to be faint. This may be due to analytical tools being insufficiently powerful to distinguish between the two, but it may be that a distinction between sexual and asexual reproduction is not very important biologically to cnidarians. Given the variety of modes by which it is now evident that asexual reproduction occurs, i
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31

Søvik, Guldborg, and Hans Petter Leinaas. "Adult survival and reproduction in an arctic mite, Ameronothrus lineatus (Acari, Oribatida): effects of temperature and winter cold." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 9 (2003): 1579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-113.

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Survival and reproduction of an arctic population of Ameronothrus lineatus were studied at four constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, and 21 °C). By simulating winters in the laboratory, an adult population was followed through 3 "years". Increasing temperatures reduced adult longevity. Females survived longer than males. A temperature of 15 °C was the most favourable for reproduction, with highest larviposition rate and reproductive output. Lifetime reproductive output was also high at 10 °C, while lower numbers of larvae at 21 °C indicated the beginning of heat stress. Comparison with field data
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32

Mirando, M. A., and F. Stormshak. "REPRODUCTION SYMPOSIUM: External influences on reproductive neuroendocrinology1." Journal of Animal Science 92, no. 8 (2014): 3183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8219.

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33

Usacheva, E. "Reproductive choice in natural and assisted reproduction." Russian Juridical Journal, no. 3 (2021): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34076/20713797_2021_139.

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34

Tkachenko, L. V., I. A. Gritsenko, K. Yu Tikhaeva, et al. "Abortion: reproductive choice or loss of reproduction?" Medical alphabet, no. 8 (June 11, 2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2021-8-44-48.

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This literature review of articles devoted to the problem of abortion and pre-abortion counseling has been carried out. The legal features of the development of the right to abortion at the request of a woman are outlined. The main stages in the development of the concept of perinatal psychology and pre-abortion counseling are described. The procedure for conducting pre-abortion counseling in the Russian Federation has been studied. The effectiveness of the existing algorithm was assessed and the prospects for further research aimed at studying and improving the effectiveness of pre-abortion c
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35

Renfree, Marilyn B. "WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE: Reproduction down under." Reproduction 158, no. 6 (2019): F127—F137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0230.

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Australia is home to a unique assembly of mammals – the marsupials and monotremes. Despite this uniqueness, they have been largely ignored by the biomedical scientific community, and yet study of marsupials has contributed to modern research on reproduction, development, evolution, conservation, molecular and comparative genomics. My lifetime passion for these long-neglected Australian fauna has led to unexpected discoveries and insights that challenged assumptions and opened up new areas of international research. I used a range of disciplinary expertise to pursue the study of these unique ma
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36

Guderley, Helga. "Reproduction & DevelopmentVertebrate Reproduction.E. W. Jameson, Jr." Quarterly Review of Biology 65, no. 1 (1990): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416627.

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37

Ferguson, P. R. "Book Review: Artificial Reproduction and Reproductive Rights." Medical Law International 1, no. 1 (1993): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096853329300100109.

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38

Day, B. N. "Reproductive biotechnologies: current status in porcine reproduction." Animal Reproduction Science 60-61 (July 2000): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00079-8.

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39

Condit, Deirdre M. "Writing reproduction: Reproductive technologies and motherhood examined." Policy Sciences 27, no. 2-3 (1994): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00999894.

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40

Halliday, Tim. "Reproduction in mammals: Book 4. Reproductive fitness." Animal Behaviour 34 (February 1986): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(86)90053-9.

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41

Forslund, Helena, and Lena Kautsky. "Reproduction and reproductive isolation inFucus radicans(Phaeophyceae)." Marine Biology Research 9, no. 3 (2013): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2012.731694.

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42

Bahadur, G. "Ethical challenges in reproductive medicine: posthumous reproduction." International Congress Series 1266 (April 2004): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2004.01.105.

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43

Pijnenborg, R. "Reproduction in mammals. Book 4. Reproductive fitness." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 22, no. 5-6 (1986): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-2243(86)90130-9.

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44

Piotrowska, Monika. "Is ‘Assisted Reproduction’ Reproduction?" Philosophical Quarterly 68, no. 270 (2017): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqx032.

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Abstract With an increasing number of ways to ‘assist’ reproduction, some bioethicists have started to wonder what it takes to become a genetic parent. It is widely agreed that sharing genes is not enough to substantiate the parent–offspring relation, but what is? Without a better understanding of the concept of reproduction (and what it means to say that an organism has reproduced), our thinking about parent–offspring relations and the ethical issues surrounding them risk being unprincipled. Here, I address that problem by offering a principled account of reproduction—the Overlap, Development
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Kim, Byeongseok, and Youngsok Choi. "The Development, Differentiation, and Toxicity in Reproduction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (2022): 7183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137183.

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46

Barve, Sahas, Christina Riehl, Eric L. Walters, Joseph Haydock, Hannah L. Dugdale, and Walter D. Koenig. "Lifetime reproductive benefits of cooperative polygamy vary for males and females in the acorn woodpecker ( Melanerpes formicivorus )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1957 (2021): 20210579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0579.

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Cooperative breeding strategies lead to short-term direct fitness losses when individuals forfeit or share reproduction. The direct fitness benefits of cooperative strategies are often delayed and difficult to quantify, requiring data on lifetime reproduction. Here, we use a longitudinal dataset to examine the lifetime reproductive success of cooperative polygamy in acorn woodpeckers ( Melanerpes formicivorus ), which nest as lone pairs or share reproduction with same-sex cobreeders. We found that males and females produced fewer young per successful nesting attempt when sharing reproduction.
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47

Whitekettle, Richard. "Biblical Lessons on Third-Party Reproduction." Ethics & Medics 45, no. 4 (2020): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/em202045413.

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Third-party reproduction uses ovum donors, sperm donors, embryo donors, and gestational surrogates in various combinations to create a child for heterosexual couples, same-sex couples, and individuals to raise. Its use is increasing in the United States and around the world, and it is increasingly the subject of legislation. But third-party reproduction tells the individuals who provide the ovum, sperm, and gestation required to create a child that they are reproductive mechanisms, not reproductive persons. By contrast, multiple stories in the Bible involving third-party reproduction recognize
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48

Tauber, Catherine A., and Maurice J. Tauber. "Inheritance of seasonal cycles in Chrysoperla (Insecta: Neuroptera)." Genetical Research 49, no. 3 (1987): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300027105.

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SummaryTwo separate, but interacting, genetic systems underlie the variation in seasonal cycles among members of the Chrysoperla carnea species-complex. The two systems are expressed as all-or-none reproductive responses to photoperiod and prey (i.e. short-day/long-day requirement for reproduction versus long-day reproduction and prey requirement for reproduction versus reproduction without prey). In each case the alternative to reproduction is reproductive diapause. The photoperiodic responses are determined by alleles at two unlinked autosomal loci. The expression of dominance by the alleles
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49

Khan, Imran, Ayman Mesalam, Yun Seok Heo, Seo-Hyun Lee, Ghulam Nabi, and Il-Keun Kong. "Heat Stress as a Barrier to Successful Reproduction and Potential Alleviation Strategies in Cattle." Animals 13, no. 14 (2023): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13142359.

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In recent decades, the adverse effects of global warming on all living beings have been unanimously recognized across the world. A high environmental temperature that increases the respiration and rectal temperature of cattle is called heat stress (HS), and it can affect both male and female reproductive functions. For successful reproduction and fertilization, mature and healthy oocytes are crucial; however, HS reduces the developmental competence of oocytes, which compromises reproduction. HS disturbs the hormonal balance that plays a crucial role in successful reproduction, particularly in
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50

Heidinger, Britt J., Ian C. T. Nisbet, and Ellen D. Ketterson. "Older parents are less responsive to a stressor in a long-lived seabird: a mechanism for increased reproductive performance with age?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1598 (2006): 2227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3557.

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In many taxa, reproductive performance increases throughout the lifespan and this may occur in part because older adults invest more in reproduction. The mechanisms that facilitate an increase in reproductive performance with age, however, are poorly understood. In response to stressors, vertebrates release glucocorticoids, which enhance survival but concurrently shift investment away from reproduction. Consequently, when the value of current reproduction is high relative to the value of future reproduction and survival, as it is in older adults, life history theory predicts that the stress re
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