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1
Lignou, S. "The ethics of community effectiveness research in developing countries". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1492917/.
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The aim of the thesis is to explore and discuss the distinct ethical issues raised by the conduct of health-related cluster randomised trials in developing countries, in particular those related to informed consent and representation. The thesis has four objectives: First, it seeks to identify ethical issues and their importance arising in CRTs and present how they are currently being addressed in published trial reports and papers on the ethics of CRTs. Second, it aims to discuss the limitations of addressing such ethical issues within the existing research ethics framework. Third, by relying on a human right to health, it aims to suggest a broader research ethics framework, beyond the existing clinical ethics paradigm, that takes into account the variety of health studies conducted in developing settings, as well as the broader socio-political context where collaborative health research takes place. Fourth, by examining the common moral features between cluster health studies and public health interventions, it aims to inform current research ethics guidelines and discussions on the ethics of cluster research by suggesting solutions to the problem of informed consent and cluster representation in developing countries, as well as to demonstrate the strength of the suggested research ethics framework in dealing with such complex issues. I argue that under specific conditions a cluster trial is morally legitimate to proceed despite the absence of informed consent and that a decision regarding the conduct of research should be within the responsibilities of the legitimate political authorities of the host country. I conclude that collaborative health research, which aims to improve the health status of a developing population, should be part of a country’s policy, similarly to decisions concerning the implementation of public health measures, and that human subjects should be protected at individual, social and institutional level.
2
Gräb, Johannes. "Econometric analysis in poverty research with case studies from developing countries". Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99636272X/04.
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Hau, Le Nguyen y University of Western Sydney. "Relationships between organization characteristics and needs for management training in developing countries". THESIS_XXX_MIBAS_Hau_L.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/375.
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Management training has been considered as an important issue attracting the interest of several individuals and organizations in both developed and developing countries. Moreover, empirical evidence shows that there are differences in many aspects of management training that may result from different features of organizations and countries concerned. However, there has been little research on the relationships between organizational characteristics and the need for management training, especially in developing countries. An understanding of these relationships will not only help organizations in developing their human resources but also help training suppliers in their marketing strategies. This research attempts to take a first step towards integrating theories and empirical findings into a conceptual framework that describes the above-mentioned relationship in developing countries. In particular, the research identifies and tests the impact of particular organizational indicators on the needs for training of task-related and people-related skills for both upper and lower managers. The results confirm that types of industry, technological characteristics, ownership, organizational structure, size and business environment, etc., are among variables explaining the training needs of various kinds in a company. The results would also provide regression models as tools in assessing training needs for management skills at various companies. However, it is the perceived needs rather than the real needs that is the concern of trainers, because perceptions lead to action, i.e., their business opportunities. Lastly, the direction for further studies is proposed, including the impact of macro variables, featured for developed and developing countries, and of variables that interfere with the process of transferring from real needs to perceived needsMaster of Commerce (Hons) (Marketing)
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Sareen, Ashish Kumar. "The role of aviation in the developing countries : a case study of Lockheed C-130, L-100, and India". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30342.
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Dereli, Mahce. "A Survey Research Of Leadership Styles Of Elementary School Principals". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1013432/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this survey research is to unveil the leadership styles of elementary school principals. 350 principals and 700 teachers participated in this study which was conducted in Turkey. Leadership Orientations Questionnaire (Bolman and Deal, 1991) was used to gather data. According to the results of the study, the dominant leadership frame that the principals employ was the human resource frame as to principal and teacher ratings.
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Rödén, Marcus y Henrik Ståhle. "The Motives for Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries; the Case of Nairobi". Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210027.
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Entrepreneurship is on the rise in Africa. The Kenyan government is focusing on entrepreneurship and the digital scene for the future growth of the country. The digital startup ecosystem is growing as well as the number of entrepreneurs is rising which has further increased the discussion of business opportunities in the region. This raises the question why the entrepreneurs themselves want to pursue entrepreneurship as an active career. Past research show that entrepreneurial motivations may differ due to geographical regions, and may differ due to the economical condition of the country. The authors see that more emphasize must be put on entrepreneurial motives in developing countries to further understand why people want to pursue entrepreneurship. Since there is little research on entrepreneurial motivations in developing countries, where on region is Nairobi, Kenya, the authors aim to add knowledge in this field to further understand entrepreneurial motivations across the world. This is a qualitative research where the authors aim to explore the entrepreneurial motives behind going into entrepreneurship in Nairobi, Kenya. 18 participants have been interviewed through a semi-structured interview format in Nairobi for 2 weeks in March 2017. The results show that there are three main motives present in Nairobi. The findings have been compared to, according to the inductive reasoning approach, a theory of entrepreneurial motivations and have found that there are different motives present in Nairobi than in other regions in the world. Some entrepreneurial motives that are less common in developed countries are more common in Nairobi, which confirm that entrepreneurial motives differ due to geographical regions.
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Wright, Alan. "An evaluation of the University of the Witwatersrand refugee research programme : the impact of research findings on implementation of projects". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52109.
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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The viability of a research programme is dependent on its sustainability. The life span of a programme is determined by the sustainability achieved as a result of its activities. Within any successful research initiative, there is a progression from the research findings to the implementation of those findings. This study examines the effect that the implementation of research findings has on the initiation of new research projects within a research programme. The distinctions between academic research programmes and the implementation of the research findings were identified. By unobtrusively applying these definitions to a process of self-evaluation, a theoretical model was identified for the evaluation of the University of the Witwatersrand Refugee Research Programme and one of its projects. Advocacy research, which focused on policy intervention, was not seen as being sustainable as a programme output, as it is dependent on funding. Sustainability in advocacy is linked to research skills enabling pilot intervention. Pilot intervention in tum requires funding that research programmes sometimes use for their basic survival. This should not be interpreted as contributing to the sustainability of the research programme as funding activities are driven by the needs of the pilot intervention. This is significant as these needs can through demands from the funders of pilot intervention, contribute to changes in policies, goals and objectives of the research programme. It was found that the progression to implementation within a rural academic research programme does limit the initiation of new research proposals. Research initiatives tend to become tools of funding agencies with the focus being placed on the implementation of the research findings. This study recommends that the implementation of research findings should be limited to pilot projects, that there should be defined time frames for pilot implementation and, that there should be a clear division of responsibility between research activity and pilot implementation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om lewensvatbaar te wees moet 'n navorsingsprogram gehandhaaf kan word. Die lewensduur van 'n program word bepaal deur sy handhawing as gevolg van sy aktiwiteite. Binne enige suksesvolle navorsingsinisiatief is daar 'n progressie van navorsingsbevindings tot die implementering van daardie bevindings. In hierdie studie word die effek van implementering van navorsingsbevindings op inisieëring van nuwe navorsingsprojekte binne 'n navorsingsprogram ondersoek. Die verskil tussen akademiese navorsingsprogramme en die implementering van navorsingsbevindings is geïdentifiseer. Deur op 'n onopvallende wyse hierdie definisies toe te pas op 'n proses van selfevaluasie is 'n teoretiese model geïdentifiseer wat gebruik is om die Universiteit van die Witwatersrand se Vlugteling Navorsingsprogram en een van sy projekte te evalueer. Voorspraaknavorsing wat fokus op beleidsintervensie is nie gesien as handhaafbaar in terme van programopbrengs nie aangesien dit afhanklik is van befondsing. Handhawing van voorspraak is gekoppel aan navorsingsbekwaamheid wat dit moontlik sal maak om intervensie te loods. Intervensie loodsing op sy beurt benodig befondsing wat soms deur navorsingsprogramme gebruik word vir hul eie oorlewing. Dit moet nie gesien word as bydraend tot die handhawing van die navorsingsprojek nie, want befondsingsaktiwiteite word gedryf deur die benodighede van die intervensie. Dit is belangrik aangesien hierdie behoeftes deur die eise van die befondsers van die intervensie kan bydra tot veranderinge in beleid en doelwitte van die navorsingsprogram. Dit is bevind dat die progressie tot implementering binne 'n landelik akademiese navorsingsprogram inisieëring van nuwe navorsingsvoorstelle beperk. Navorsingsinisiatiewe neig om middels van befondsingsagentskappe te word met die plasing van die fokus op die implementering van die navorsingsbevindings. Hierdie studie beveel aan dat die implementering van navorsingsbevindings tot loods projekte beperk moet word, dat daar 'n gedefinieerde tydraamwerk vir implementering van loodsprojekte moet wees en dat daar 'n duidelike verdeling van verantwoordelikheid tussen navorsingaktiwiteite en loodsprojek implementasie moet wees.
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Lee, Tae Joon. "Technological capabilities and international relations in developing countries : case studies of the nuclear fuel cycle in South Korea". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390927.
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Ishiwata, Hiroaki. "Dynamic Stochastic Macroeconomic Analysis of Natural Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries". Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232025.
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Pienaar, Elizabeth Dorothea. "Information needs of health researchers in developing countries : A survey of development country participants in Cochrane collaboration". University of Western Cape, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7359.
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Master of Public Health - MPHOne hundred and fifty two (152) countries in the world can be classified as developing or low-resourced countries (LR Cs) according to the World Bank. 1 In the majority of these countries the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is below $1000. Given these limited resources it stands to reason that there is less money available to spend on healthcare and health research
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Ndiege, Caleb Omolo. "The need for research in education". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/388.
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Abbasi, Alaf. "An exploratory study of research and development in construction in the developing countries of the middle East". Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510476.
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Fauss, Christian y Adrian Schwenke. "The process of external knowledge transfer to developing countries : An empirical research about its main influencing factors & barriers". Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-463.
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In the purest sense of the term, the transfer of knowledge deals with certain activities that attempt to pass on knowledge to another unit. In the course of globalization, companies seek nowadays the collaboration with other companies or organizations in developing countries, in order to benefit from several advantages like reduced labor costs. Next to that, a myriad of companies or organizations carry out projects with partners that are situated in developing countries, only with the attempt to fill the gap of knowledge between developed and developing world – knowledge that is particularly needed in those countries in order for them to reach certain standards of living and to keep up with the rapid development that takes place in other parts of the world.
This paper investigates with the help of five selected cases the impact of the main influencing factors and barriers on the success of this type of knowledge transfer, as they are perceived by companies from developed countries. Thereby, this paper aims at providing information about their importance in the corresponding contexts and at giving inspiration on the ways these factors can be dealt with.
The exploratory results suggest that by covering specific aspects from the beginning, the companies or organizations involved can overcome the majority of the factors and barriers. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the importance of each factor varies heavily depending on the context: the process of internal knowledge transfer requires the companies to concentrate their attention on different aspects than in the context of external knowledge transfer.
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Hau, Le Nguyen. "Relationships between organization characteristics and needs for management training in developing countries". Thesis, View thesis, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/375.
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Management training has been considered as an important issue attracting the interest of several individuals and organizations in both developed and developing countries. Moreover, empirical evidence shows that there are differences in many aspects of management training that may result from different features of organizations and countries concerned. However, there has been little research on the relationships between organizational characteristics and the need for management training, especially in developing countries. An understanding of these relationships will not only help organizations in developing their human resources but also help training suppliers in their marketing strategies. This research attempts to take a first step towards integrating theories and empirical findings into a conceptual framework that describes the above-mentioned relationship in developing countries. In particular, the research identifies and tests the impact of particular organizational indicators on the needs for training of task-related and people-related skills for both upper and lower managers. The results confirm that types of industry, technological characteristics, ownership, organizational structure, size and business environment, etc., are among variables explaining the training needs of various kinds in a company. The results would also provide regression models as tools in assessing training needs for management skills at various companies. However, it is the perceived needs rather than the real needs that is the concern of trainers, because perceptions lead to action, i.e., their business opportunities. Lastly, the direction for further studies is proposed, including the impact of macro variables, featured for developed and developing countries, and of variables that interfere with the process of transferring from real needs to perceived needs
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Iqbal, Fareeha Yasmin 1974. "The role of large-scale government-supported research institutions in development : lessons from Taiwan's Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) for developing countries". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30025.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-89).
This thesis seeks to examine the extent of the role that the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) played in Taiwan's high-technological development and whether developing countries of today can promote such development by creating similar institutional arrangements. Literature on innovation systems was reviewed, particularly national innovation systems and the role of R&D institutions within these. Taiwan's recent economic success, deemed attributable to economic and institutional reforms in recent decades, was also studied. In depth analysis was carried out of its leading high-technological research institute, ITRI, which bridges the gap between industry and academia. Although the case of Taiwan is sometimes presented as a unique example of industrial success of an SME-based state, this thesis argues that this success was possible because the research and development process had a large institute at its core. One way of creating such a research scale is by merging existing institutes, a process that would result in more efficient use of capital and human resources. The case of high-technological development in Pakistan is briefly assessed in order to gauge how its existing institutions structure could be amended to allow such changes to be made. The study concludes with the following three main points: (i) scale is an important factor: Taiwan's SME-based industry was able to succeed because of a large research institute at its core; (ii) in developing countries, governments decide which form of high-technology to pursue and when; thus, timing and choice of sector are important; and (iii) political leadership was seen to be important in the case of Taiwan's development in high-technology, and can play a key role in developing countries of today.
by Fareeha Yasmin Iqbal.
M.C.P.
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Kortum, Evelyn. "Psychosocial risks and work-related stress in developing countries : a call for research and action in policy development". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12294/.
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This research explores the understanding of psychosocial risks and work-related stress by international multi-disciplinary experts in developing countries. It further explores their views on the perceived health impact of these issues. It identifies preliminary priorities for action while considering similarities and differences in conceptualizing these issues in industrialized and developing countries. Finally, it explores in what ways these issues can enter the policy agenda in developing countries. This research applies a triangular methodological approach where each stage provides the basis for the development of the next. It starts out with 29 semi-structured interviews to explore the views of experts and also to inform two rounds of an online Delphi survey, which then informed four focus group discussions. The total sample amounted to 120 participants (each sampled once). Key findings for developing countries indicate that a) psychosocial hazards need addressing due to an impact on workers' health; b) occupational health and safety priorities have changed during the last decade pointing to the need for monitoring of psychosocial hazards and the need to address work-related stress, violence, harassment and unhealthy behaviours together with other workplace hazards; c) socio-economic conditions and processes of globalization need attention in the study of psychosocial hazards and an extended research paradigm is required; and d) there is an ever present need for capacity building, stakeholder mobilization, infrastructure development and international exchange and collaboration to address all workplace hazards. Developing countries are not spared from the health and economic impact of psychosocial risks and work-related stress, and there will be a need to address these issues through policy development. To pave the way, this dissertation outlines a need for concerted action at different levels.
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Wang, Yue. "Group protection in human population genetic research in developing countries : the People's Republic of China as an example". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3005/.
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This thesis is concerned with the question of whether developing countries such as the People’s Republic of China (PRC) are well prepared for the ethical and legal conduct of human population genetic research (HPGR) with specific regard to vulnerable target group protection. It highlights important issues such as whether the current frameworks of Western developed countries can provide adequate protections for target groups in human population genetic research. One fundamental question is who may suffer harm in this kind of research. Most bioethical scholars focus on individual participants but it is argued here that the interests of target groups are also seriously implicated in this kind of research. Since the target groups of HPGR are almost always vulnerable groups from isolated and rural areas of developing countries, the ethical and legal frameworks for human subject protection may need to be reconsidered in order to eliminate, or at least reduce, the vulnerability of those groups. Accordingly, given the dominance of the current ideology of Western developed countries, a critical study of vulnerable population protection is necessary to identify whether this ideology is appropriate in this context. This thesis aims to propose recommendations on the ethical and legal frameworks of biomedical research in developing countries with specific consideration of vulnerable group protection and cultural sensitivity. The PRC is used as an example to investigate current regulations for both human subject protection and group protection in developing countries. The thesis argues for an alternative model for group protection in the context of human population genetic research in developing countries. Translations of titles, authors, and publishers from Chinese works are unofficial, and the laws in this thesis are up to date at April 2011.
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Esienumoh, Ekpoanwan. "Prevention of maternal mortality : a community action research in Bakassi Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/prevention-of-maternal-mortality-a-community-action-research-in-bakassi-local-government-areacross-river-state-nigeria(58396b9b-aeaf-4f5c-b3ae-a841dad8e6ca).html.
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Maternal mortality in Nigeria is one of the highest in the world. The rate is higher in the rural communities than in the urban. Given the complexity of causes of maternal mortality, it appears that the community is an important resource that is frequently overlooked. The contribution of which could be explored through collaboration with professional healthcare providers, to bring about reduction in maternal mortality. This study, proposed to empower members of the community to take action to prevent maternal mortality. Action research design was utilised, comprising cycles of fact-finding, planning/action, and evaluation with the aim of working towards a change in the status quo. In collaboration with the action research group, data were generated through 29 interviews, 8 focus group discussions and observation of 7 persons. Women of childbearing age were interviewed to gain understanding of their knowledge, attitude and practice towards maternal mortality. Focus group discussions were carried out with a cross section of the community. Observations were undertaken of skilled and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in their places of practice. Altogether, there were 86 general participants and 12 action research group members in the study. Thematic data analysis and critical reflection were undertaken with emphasis on data which promote learning and change. The study revealed childbirth fallacies as evidenced in the causes of maternal deaths being attributed to superstitious beliefs. Other findings included religious beliefs/practices, birth practices, negative attitudes, lack of money, lack of transportation and health facilities issues as contributory factors. These findings were critically reflected upon by the action research group and actions based on the findings, aimed at empowering the people to take action to prevent maternal deaths were undertaken. The actions included community education, TBA training and development of a common forum between skilled birth attendants and TBAs. Participatory evaluation was undertaken from the perspectives of the participants to identify what made sense to them from the actions. Findings included some degree of empowerment and emancipation of the people evidenced in the acquisition of new knowledge which led to the repudiation of certain superstitious beliefs. Other findings include resumed utilisation of the service of skilled birth attendants at the local health facility by the women. The findings of this study have demonstrated implications for practice, policy and research to prevent maternal mortality in Bakassi LGA, Nigeria. Conclusion drawn is that, the community is an important resource which if mobilised through the process of action research, would be empowered to take action to prevent maternal mortality. The process will also foster the collaboration between skilled birth attendants and traditional birth attendants to improve maternal health care in the rural community.
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Setiawan, I. Made Agus. "IT Implementation in Public Sector Organizations in Developing Countries : An Action Research-Based Approach in an Higher Education Institution". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19052.
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Effective IT is vital in organization in the low resource settings of developingcountries. This also applies to public sector organizations. However, little researchhas been reported regarding IT implementation in higher education institution.Meanwhile, it is widely believed that information technology could boostdevelopment, strengthen and increase the competitiveness of the university amongothers.The focus of this report is to explain as well as improve the IT implementationprocess in public sector organizations, particularly in higher educationinstitution in developing countries. The motivation for studying the ITimplementation process is to be able to understand the underlying aspectsof the successful of IT implementation process in developing countries whichthen give the possibility to make any improvement on the organization.An action research approach in combination with case study method has beenperformed in one of Indonesia's public universities. Empirical data collectionwas done to support the research investigation including two-times of field work inwhich one of them was getting involved into the organization activity, two roundpre and follow-up semi-structural interviews, direct observation, discussion,meeting, document analysis and previous involvement in the institution. AnOnline Questionnaire was also performed to obtain the perception of researchparticipants regarding the proposed tools.A one initial cycle of action research was done and the study found severalfactors that possibly hamper the implementation process in the university andsuccessfully formulated several strategies that can be used to cope with thosefactors, e.g. limited human resources, lack of management commitment, lack ofclear job description among staffs, lack of appropriate planning and strategyfor systems development and implementation, ineffective communication &coordination, lack of funds, lack of rewards, and government policies.Intervention is then performed by introducing software project managementinto the organization as one of the formulated strategies. Even though theoutcome of the interventions not clearly visible at this time, it gives amotivation for the continuity of the interventions.In conclusion, it can be said that among other public sector organizations indeveloping countries, they share common barriers and challenges in general, andto deal with those challenges require substantial time and appropriate approach.
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Mante, Joseph. "Resolution of construction disputes arising from major infrastructure projects in developing countries : case study of Ghana". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/333130.
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This study undertook a critical examination of developing countries’ experiences of infrastructure-related construction dispute resolution using Ghana as a case study. It investigated the dispute resolution processes and procedures which parties to infrastructure construction disputes employed to address such disputes. To gain a better understanding of the dispute resolution processes, the study also assessed the legal framework for procurement and contract formation and other contextual issues which influenced parties’ dispute resolution choices. Consequently, strategies for efficient and effective dispute resolution were developed. The main rationale for the study was the need for effective and efficient dispute resolution processes in the context of infrastructure projects in developing countries. The literature indicated that disputes often occurred on such projects in developing countries that were resolved at great cost mainly by arbitral tribunals in the developed world. However, there was limited information on the extent to which other dispute resolution mechanisms were utilised prior to resort to international arbitration. The study adopted a qualitative research approach informed by the interpretivist philosophical paradigm. Data was collected from fifty-six interviewees from the State as the Employer and foreign contractors through semi-structured interviews and documents and analysed using qualitative data analysis procedures associated with grounded theory research such as coding, constant comparison, memoing and diagramming, and doctrinal legal analysis. It was found that engineer’s determination, negotiation and international arbitration were the most used dispute resolution mechanisms. Others such as mediation were rarely used. The dispute resolution processes were characterised by high cost, low satisfaction with outcomes and negative effect on relationships. It was also found that the extant dispute resolution processes were the product of the nature of the parties, the context in which they operated and their responses to the context. Factors such as lack of coordination among the Employer’s sub-units, human resource constraints and political interference had varying negative impacts on dispute occurrence, dispute resolution system design and the dispute resolution processes. To deal with these challenges and achieve efficient and effective dispute resolution processes, four sets of remedial strategies (condensed into a model called the Dispute Resolution Efficiency Cycle (DREC)) were proposed. The study has provided empirical evidence which has addressed some of the gaps identified in the literature on issues such as absence of information on pre-international arbitration dispute processes. The study has also highlighted the impact of context and dispute system design on dispute resolution. Contributions to practice included diagnosing challenges with the extant dispute resolution processes and proposing possible remedial strategies.
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Ackers, William James. "The impact of development assistance on national capacities for research, evaluation and policy and planning in education in developing countries". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341774.
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Phan, Ha T. "Correlates of Mathematics Achievement in Developed and Developing Countries: An HLM Analysis of TIMSS 2003 Eighth-Grade Mathematics Scores". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002735.
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Randi, Nanayakkara Jayasuriya Appuhamilage M. "IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES CONCERNING SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC MARKET SPACE IN GAMPAHA, SRI LANKA". Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1368702859.
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Rundqvist, Amanda y Schinkel Amanda Von. "Digital transformation of healthcare services in developing countries : An exploratory research of healthtech opportunities in Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) markets". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279655.
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The development of new technologies within healthcare open up for important and valuable opportunities for businesses as well as for individuals. Mobile health is one of the most important digital innovation, since patients get the opportunities to self-manage diseases and to receive healthcare services from specialists wherever and whenever. It has already been established in some developed countries, where the technology has, for instance, improved health research among populations and reduced healthcare costs. Currently, it is under investigation if there are also implementation possibilities in developing countries. They are defined as countries with poor infrastructure and decent economic activity, meaning a high number of people live with low income and they tend to have less access to health services than the ones in developed countries. The Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) refers to the poorest of the economic human pyramid, where almost all of them live in developing countries. In order to enter a BOP market, it is beneficial for businesses to use the 4A:s (awareness, access, affordability, and availability) as a framework. The report aims to investigate if MedTech companies from developed countries can improve access, awareness, availability, and affordability to reliable healthcare in developing countries. It is referring to the BOP due to the focus on an innovation’s (i.e., MedTech app) growth opportunities in developing countries. The report is considered as an exploratory research, undertaking an inductive approach, since it exists limited written resources about the subject. The information has been gathered through primaryand secondary sources. The report’s findings raise the low digital awareness as a threat that could harm the development of new digital innovations in developing countries. By taking use of local collaborations and partnerships, it will develop understandings of the populations’ needs and behaviors, which is a benefit to be able to reach the users’ attention. The telecommunication industries’ growth and the increase of mobile users proves the populations are eager to embrace new digital innovations, meaning the initiative might be right in time. Additionally, the findings concern the limited access to healthcare and currently, the local care is of low quality. The doctors and nurses have limited knowledge and the hospitals are not keeping up with technology, which leads to that the citizens are seeking healthcare outside their own country. However, it could be perceived as a benefit when implementing a new MedTech service, since it does not exist any advanced systems that have to be changed or shut down. Moreover, to ensure the populations will be able to use digital healthcare services, it is important to keep the service affordable. By being supported with correct treatments, and recommendations, it would not be necessary to visit a doctor several times and, therefore, it could also decrease the patient's’ healthcare costs. Finally, digital healthcare services enable for patients to interact with foreign doctors wherever and whenever, which would increase the availability of healthcare services in developing countries.Den ständiga utvecklingen av nya teknologier inom sjukvården öppnar upp för värdefulla möjligheter för företag samt individer. Mobil sjukvård är en av de viktigaste digitala innovationerna då det ger patienter möjlighet att själva hantera sjukdomar och har tillgång till specialistvård närhelst och varhelst. Detta har redan etablerats i ett antal utvecklade länder, där teknologin dels har förbättrat forskningen inom hälsa och dels minskat på sjukvårdskostnader. För tillfället undersöks även möjligheten för implementation av digitala sjukvårdstjänster i utvecklingsländer. De definieras som länder med outvecklad infrastruktur och svag ekonomisk tillväxt, vilket betyder att en stor del av befolkningen lever med låg inkomst och det finns inte samma tillgång till sjukvård som i utvecklade länder. The Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) hänvisar till de fattigaste i den ekonomiska pyramiden där majoriteten av dem lever i utvecklingsländer. För att ta sig in i en BOP marknad, är det rekommenderat för företag att använda sig av ramverket “the 4As” (awareness, access, affordability, and availability). Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka om MedTech företag i utvecklade länder kan förbättra “the 4As” inflytande på tillförlitlig sjukvård i utvecklingsländer. Den hänvisar till BOP på grund av att fokus är på innovationens (dvs. MedTech applikation) tillväxtmöjligheter i utvecklingsländer. Rapporten betraktas som en utforskande studie och åtar en induktiv strategi med tanke på att det finns begränsat med information om ämnet. Underlaget för rapporten har samlats in via primära - och sekundära källor. Rapportens resultat visar på att den låga digitala medvetenheten skulle kunna begränsa utvecklingen av nya digitala innovationer i utvecklingsländer. Genom att etablera lokala partnerskap och samarbeten, kan en förståelse för befolkningens behov samt beteenden utvecklas, vilket är en enorm fördel för att få deras uppmärksamhet. Dessutom växer telekommunikationsindustrin och mobilanvändandet bland befolkningen ökar, vilket visar på att en digital nyfikenhet finns. Detta innebär i sin tur att det skulle kunna var helt rätt i tid för en etablering av digitala sjukvårdstjänster. Utöver det visar undersökningar på att tillgången till sjukvård för tillfället är begränsad och den lokala vården är av låg kvalité. Läkare och annan sjukvårdspersonal saknar ofta fullständig utbildning, vilket leder till att befolkningen söker sjukvård i andra länder. Avsaknaden av teknologi kan däremot uppfattas som en fördel vid en eventuell implementation av en ny MedTech-tjänst då det inte finns några avancerade system som måste ändras eller stängas ner. För att säkerställa att befolkningen kommer kunna använda sig av digitala sjukvårdstjänster är det viktigt att tjänsten uppfyller befolkningens ekonomiska möjligheter och är prisvärd. Genom att få tillgång till rätt behandling och rekommendationer direkt, behövs inte lika många besök hos läkaren och sjukvårdskostnader kan minska. Slutligen möjliggör digitala sjukvårdstjänster för globala interaktioner med läkare och specialister, vilket skulle kunna öka tillgången och tillgängligheten till sjukvård i utvecklingsländer.
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Franzen, Samuel R. P. "Barriers and enablers to locally-led clinical trial conduct in low and middle income countries : strategies for developing locally sustainable health research capacity". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f539fa94-08db-498c-8148-23cc8d0fe34c.
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Many Low and Middle Income Countries (LAMICs) still lack sufficient health research capacity to build a local evidence-base with which to inform policy and improve population health. Recognising this, The 2013 World Health Report called for all nations to be producers of health research. To achieve this, new strategies that can develop sustainable locally-led capacity are required. Among the health research capacities needed, ability to conduct clinical trials is important. However, there is no evidence-informed guidance on the best ways to develop locally-led trial capacity. This thesis aims to fill this gap. Three cases-studies using qualitative methods to explore the barriers and enablers to locally-led trial conduct were conducted in Ethiopia, Cameroon and Sri Lanka. Current and potential local trial researchers and health research system stakeholders were recruited. A synthesis of the health research capacity development literature was conducted to compare the case-studies’ findings with wider published perspectives. These data permit an examination of the key issues facing the development of locally-led trial capacity in LAMICs. Barriers and enablers to locally-led trial conduct were found at macro, institutional and individual levels. Although different country research systems, and institutions and individuals within them, were variably successful at conducting trials, the key issues and mechanisms influencing successful trial undertaking were largely similar. Agreement among the case-studies and with the diverse literature suggests that many of the findings will be transferable to other LAMICs, and are also of relevance to other health research methods. A conceptual framework explaining the antecedents and consequences of locally-led trial undertaking in LAMICS is presented. This identifies the following factors as important for supporting locally-led trial undertaking: awareness and appreciation for health research and clinical trials; motivation to conduct clinical trials; availability of human resources with trial knowledge and technical skills; research leadership capabilities; ability to form collaborations, effective teams and acquire resources; trial management dedicated to sustainable capacity development and producing useful research; and system-wide prioritisation of health research. The theories of change presented within this framework are used to develop practical recommendations for development of locally-led trial capacity in LAMICs. These recommendations have four inter-related goals: fostering pro-research cultures in stakeholder institutions; developing trial leaders and staff; providing a facilitative operational environment for trials; and ensuring trial research has an impact. However, to create the will to enact change, advocacy from research champions and conducting trials in a way that benefits local institutions and population health is needed.
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Mashamba, Tshilidzi. "The relationship between university research and the surrounding communities in developing countries : a case study of the University of Venda for Science and Technology". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53674.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Institutions of higher learning have always had relationships with their surrounding communities. The current study focuses on the research relationship that the University of Venda has with its surrounding community. The literature shows that although the nature of the relationship takes different forms, each university has a certain kind of a relationship with the surrounding community. In this study, I used the qualitative approach and I conducted one focus group and four individual interviews. I explored the research needs of the communities surrounding the University of Venda and the ways in which they think the university could address those needs. The findings of this study revealed that the communities are not at all happy with the services that are rendered by the university. They show that instead of benefiting from its existence within their communities, they are even more disadvantaged by its presence. The respondents also identified certain schools and departments at the University of Venda that they felt could be of assistance to the surrounding communities if they redirected their research projects into applied research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoër onderwysinstellings het nog altyd Onbepaalde verhouding met hulle omliggende gemeenskappe gehad. Die huidige studie fokus op die navorsingsverhouding wat die Universiteit van Venda het met sy omliggende gemeenskap. Die literatuur wys daarop dat alhoewel die aard van die verhouding verskillende vorme kan aanneem, elke universiteit ° n sekere vorm van verhouding het met die omliggende gemeenskap. In hierdie studie is die kwalitatiewe benadering gebruik. Ek het navorsing onderneem na die navorsingsbehoeftes van die gemeenskappe in die nabyheid van die Universiteit van Venda en ook na die maniere waarop respondente dink die universiteitsgemeenskap hierdie behoeftes kan aanspreek. Die bevindinge van die studie toon dat die gemeenskappe nie gelukkig is met die dienste wat deur die universiteit verskaf word nie. Daar word onder meer getoon dat in plaas van voordeel trek uit die bestaan van die universiteit binne hulle gemeenskappe, hulle eintlik meer nadelig beinvloed word. Die respondente het ook sekere skole en departemente aan die Universiteit van Venda geidentifiseer wat tot hulp kan wees vir die omliggende gemeenskappe indien hulle navorsingsprojekte omskep word in toegepaste navorsing.
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Sandhu, Sukhbir Kaur. "What colours them green? An enquiry into the drivers of corporate environmentalism in business organizations in developing and developed countries". Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/790.
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Drawing on perspectives from stakeholder, resource dependence, institutional and the resource based theories and using a multiple-case inductive study, this research reframes the drivers of corporate environmentalism in the context of developing and developed countries. Based on case analysis of 23 environmentally responsive organizations in India and New Zealand, corporate environmentalism in this research has been operationalized as a two level construct. Organizations were categorized as being at first order responsiveness when they were observed to recognize the importance of the natural environment and exhibited attempts to decrease their impact on the natural environment through the adoption of programmes aimed at pollution reduction and prevention, decreased resource consumption and recycling of wastes. Organizations at second order responsiveness were observed to exhibit a higher order commitment in integrating environmental issues into their strategic decision making. This involved strategies such as green product development and initiating projects aimed at industrial ecology. Detailed within and cross case analysis revealed fundamental differences in the drivers that propel business organizations in developing and developed countries to be environmentally responsive at each level. The findings of this study reveal that lax enforcement of environmental regulations in developing countries implied that domestic regulations were not a driving factor for corporate environmentalism. Neither was pressure from consumers or communities reported to be a driving factor. Instead first order environmental responsiveness in organizations in developing countries was observed to be driven by pressure arising out of internationalization. Thus pressure from multinational organizational customers in developed countries and the institutional pressures imposed by the liability of foreignness (that arises when these firms set up subsidiaries in developed countries) drives first order responsiveness in the organizations in developing countries. However higher order environmental responsiveness in organizations in developing countries was observed to be associated with deep rooted identities and capabilities based in social responsiveness. In the context of business organizations in developed countries, the necessity to comply with stringently enforced domestic environmental regulations emerged as the primary driver for first order responsiveness. Societal expectations to comply with environmental regulations reinforce the regulatory drivers. Internationalization drives first order responsiveness in organizations in developed countries to the extent that the requirements of the host country are additional to and exceed current regulatory requirements in the parent country. Higher order corporate environmentalism in organizations in developed countries was observed to be associated with environmentally high impact organizations. Such organizations are considered environmental liabilities and are forced by stakeholders (with access to resource needed for continuity of operations) to exhibit higher order responsiveness or face a cancellation of the license to operate. The major contribution of this research lies in extending and reframing the existing theory about the drivers of corporate environmentalism.
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Burger, Adélle. "Purification and characterization of TbHsp70.c, a novel Hsp70 from Trypanosoma brucei". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011618.
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One of Africa’s neglected tropical diseases, African Trypanosomiasis, is not only fatal but also has a crippling impact on economic development. Heat shock proteins play a wide range of roles in the cell and they are required to assist the parasite as it moves from a cold blooded insect vector to a warm blooded mammalian host. The expression of heat shock proteins increases during these heat shock conditions, and this is considered to play a role in differentiation of these vector-borne parasites. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is an important molecular chaperone that is involved in protein homeostasis, Hsp40 acts as a co-chaperone and stimulates its intrinsically weak ATPase activity. In silico analysis of the T. brucei genome has revealed the existence of 12 Hsp70 proteins and 65 Hsp40 proteins to date. A novel Hsp70, TbHsp70.c, was recently identified in T. brucei. Different from the prototypical Hsp70, TbHsp70.c contains an acidic substrate binding domain and lacks the C-terminal EEVD motif. By implication the substrate range and mechanism by which the substrates are recognized may be novel. The ability of a Type I Hsp40, Tbj2, to function as a co-chaperone of TbHsp70.c was investigated. The main objective of this study was to biochemically characterize TbHsp70.c and its partnership with Tbj2 to further enhance our knowledge of parasite biology. TbHsp70.c and Tbj2 were heterologously expressed and purified and both proteins displayed chaperone activities in their ability to suppress aggregation of thermolabile MDH. TbHsp70.c also suppressed aggregation of rhodanese. ATPase assays revealed that the ATPase activity of TbHsp70.c was stimulated by Tbj2. The targeted inhibition of the function of heat shock proteins is emerging as a tool to combat disease. The small molecule modulators quercetin and methylene blue are known to inhibit the ATPase activity of Hsp70. However, methylene blue did not significantly inhibit the ATPase activity of TbHsp70.c; while quercetin, did inhibit the ATPase activity. In vivo heat stress experiments indicated an up-regulation of the expression levels of TbHsp70.c. RNA interference studies showed partial knockdown of TbHsp70.c with no detrimental effect on the parasite. Fluorescence microscopy studies of TbHsp70.c showed a probable cytoplasmic subcellular localization. In this study both TbHsp70.c and Tbj2 demonstrated chaperone activity and Tbj2 possibly functions as a co-chaperone of TbHsp70.c.
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Ploykitikoon, Pattravadee. "The Impact of Knowledge Inflows on the Performance of National Laboratories in Technological Latecomer Countries". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1071.
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The national laboratories (NLs) play a critical role in the economic and social development of technological latecomer countries, yet no academic study has ever quantified how knowledge inflows and internal knowledge impact the performance of the NLs. This dissertation identifies and ranks the importance of factors pertaining to knowledge inflows and project-internal knowledge, which determine the success or failure of research projects in the NLs of Thailand. A survey of 123 project managers in the NLs, which covers 208 R&D projects, has been conducted. It consists of a questionnaire and unstructured interviews in which the project managers discuss their project(s). Data from the questionnaire are analyzed by factor analysis, multiple regression and logistic regression; qualitative data from the interviews are used to interpret the quantitative results from the questionnaire.
The research finds that, regardless of a project's mission, knowledge inflows from outside the project group impact performance more significantly than knowledge from inside the project group does. Second, the capacity of R&D project groups within the NLs to absorb knowledge from external sources is very selective. Absorptive capacity does not just pertain to prior related knowledge; it is also a function of the source of external knowledge, the knowledge pathway into the project group, the source of complementary or substitutive knowledge that resides within the project group, and the mission to which the knowledge contributes. Third, the NLs face an ambidexterity challenge that is commonly observed in private industry--exploiting current capabilities interferes with the national laboratories' capability to explore.
The discovery of selective absorption of knowledge provides practicing managers with a toolkit of micro-levers with which they can enhance performance as measured by a variety of metrics in highly specific ways. The dissertation also proposes and validates a theoretical framework for knowledge management that decomposes the national laboratory system into nine knowledge subsystems, which can be managed at a relatively low level of the organization. The methods by which this research has been conducted can be used as a tool to benchmark how knowledge management practices in different R&D organizations and environments impact performance. Guidelines for structural adjustments to the national innovation system, which are based on these contributions, should enable policymakers in most countries to implement an Open Innovation program for their national laboratories and enhance the ambidexterity of their organizations.
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Pinera, Jean-Francois. "Partnerships between water sector institutions and aid agencies in urban areas affected by armed conflict". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18830.
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Many of the recent armed conflicts have taken place in cities of the Developing World. In the resulting emergency situations, water supply and sanitation are among the most essential services to restore. They form part of the urban services available to the city dwellers that are commonly managed by local water sector institutions. This is, in principle, acknowledged by aid agencies but partnerships between them and water sector institutions do not always happen because of concerns such as: independence vis-a-vis the local government; possible corruption arid inefficiency problems; and political obstacles. Moreover, agencies prefer short-term structural rehabilitation to long-term institutional development, for which they do not always feel sufficiently qualified and experienced. This study tackles the problem by determining how these partnerships influence the performance of aid operations, in particular in terms of efficiency I effectiveness in the case of emergency response and of sustainability and coverage in the case of rehabilitation. It is based on a number of case studies selected in: Kabul (Afghanistan); Jaffna (Sri Lanka); Monrovia (Liberia); Beni (Democratic Republic of Congo); Port-au Prince and Port-de-Paix (Haiti), and Grozny (Chechnya in the Russian Federation). For emergency operations, findings show that partnerships tend to take place when the type or level of technology involved and/or security conditions do not allow the aid agency to work independently from water utilities. Partnerships do not necessarily influence efficiency I effectiveness in the short term but are beneficial because they prepare for rehabilitation. In terms of rehabilitation, findings suggest that current practice maintains a separation between large-scale rehabilitation projects and community-based projects focusing on specific neighbourhoods. This has a detrimental effect on sustainability and fails to address the needs of the most vulnerable populations. The study recommends a more coordinated approach that involves a reform of funding patterns, in order to reconcile sustainability and universal service.
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Kimemia, Peter Njau. "Credit accessibility and rural development in the former Ciskei: an overview of Keiskammahoek". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003100.
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This study focuses on the issue of credit accessibility for the rural poor. Taking cognisance of the critical role played by innovative micro-lending mechanisms in the sphere of rural development, the study reaffirms the need to enhance access to financial services by rural communities. However, it also reveals the fact that there are numerous impediments to access to credit for the people living in parts of the Keiskammahoek District of the former Ciskei. Key among the impediments has been lack of awareness about the existence and the activities of micro-lending institutions. This has, in a large measure been blamed for many of the rural poor people's failure to approach such institutions for funding. As a result, the affected people's efforts to fully actualize themselves economically have to a certain extent been hampered. Consequently, as its core argument, this study views as crucial the need to tackle all the attendant impediments. It also suggests that as the first step, the government, NGOs as well as formal and informal lending institutions should endeavour to disseminate the requisite information on micro-financing and in enhancing the affected people's institutional capacity to effectively use credit obtained for commercially productive ventures. Without sorting out the basics first, credit extension even when easily availed may not have the desired impact. At worst, it may actually complicate the poverty situation as the people grapple with piling debts.
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Lidberg, Maria. "New Sustainable Tourism in theory and practice : The use of sustainability guidelines for a tourism venture in Tanzania". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1134.
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The overall aim of this qualitative study is to investigate the area of new sustainable tourism in theory and practice. The theoretical part, which consisted of a literature study, was made to help find the essence of new sustainable tourism. To bring out tourisms impact on society and environment in practice, a case study was made during an excursion with Södertörn University College to Babati in Tanzania. Semi structured interviews were held with people in Babati. The excursion is being evaluated according to WTO’s sustainable tourism development guidelines and management practices, and finally, these guidelines are analysed. The result of the literature study showed that there is no absolute true core in new sustainable tourism. It is a highly subjective judgment if a tourism venture is sustainable or not, depending on personal values, ideology and personal interests. There is features commonly associated and used in new sustainable tourism, like the sustainability of the three pillars of sustainable development, and the focus on the local, educational and conservational effects, but the essence is subjective. The evaluation of the excursion showed that it is by two third a sustainable tourism venture. It is the economic part that fails, since the guidelines put much focus on stable employments and frequency; ingredients that the excursion lacks. The analysis of the WTO guidelines resulted in confusion. They could be both very useful, but also very poor, according to how they were interpreted and used. The results highly depend on the user. Positive is that the guidelines address all pillars of sustainable development equal, and that the interaction between host and guest gets highlighted. Shortages are that the guidelines lack a gender perspective, a historical and political sensibility, a place specific flexibility and a perspective of inter- and intra-generational equity.
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Bigdeli, Maryam. "Access to medicines in low- and middle-incomes countries: a health systems approach :conceptual framework and practical applications". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209036.
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Wiarsih, Wiwin. "Empowerment as a way to improve nutrition in pregnancy in Waru Jaya, West Java Indonesia : an action research study /". St. John's, NF : [s.n.], 2002.
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Ordonez-Matamoros, Gonzalo. "International Research Collaboration, Research Team Performance, and Scientific and Technological Capabilities in Colombia: A Bottom-Up Perspective". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26534.
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This dissertation examines the ways international research collaboration affects the ability of Colombian research teams to produce bibliographic outputs, and to contribute to local knowledge. Research hypotheses are tested using Zero Inflated Negative Binomial Regression models to account for the effects of international research collaboration on team output while controlling for team characteristics, partner characteristics, scientific discipline, sector, the characteristics of the teams' home institution, and team location. The study uses control groups and the Propensity Score Matching approach to assess the overall impact of international research collaboration on research team performance while controlling for the effects of endogeneity and selection bias.
Results show that international research collaboration is positively associated with both team output and teams' ability to contribute to local knowledge. The study shows that such effects depend on the type of collaboration chosen and the type of partner involved. Particularly, it shows that while co-authoring with colleagues located overseas or receiving foreign funding positively affects team performance, hosting foreign researchers does not seem to affect a team's productivity or its ability to contribute to local knowledge once all other variables are held constant. It also finds that collaborating with partners from the South yields greater productivity counts than collaborating with partners from the North, but that collaboration with partners from northern countries is strongly associated with a team's ability to contribute to local knowledge, while collaboration with partners from southern countries is not. Theoretical and policy implications of these and other counterintuitive findings are discussed.
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Haagman, Jenny. "Knowledge is the Key : Internet access, utilization and opinions in Grenada, West Indies". Thesis, Jönköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-763.
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Knowledge is the Key
- Internet access, utilization and opinions in Grenada, West Indies
Information and knowledge contributes to growth and development through empowering individuals and communities, creating opportunities to improve their living conditions. Technology is advancing rapidly and the Information and Communication Technology, ICT, provides new ways to attain information. Especially the Internet is regarded to be a source of information and knowledge. However, there are still many places in the world where Internet access is not yet available to everyone. The consequences are that people in developing countries do not get the opportunity to benefit from the new technology and the possibilities it brings.
The research for this thesis was carried out in Grenada during November and December 2006. Grenada is a small independent island in the English speaking Caribbean, where only a small percentage of the population has Internet access. The purpose of the study is to examine if a selection of young individuals in Grenada can obtain enhanced knowledge through using the Internet. Furthermore, the study intends to depict what attitudes and opinions can be found among the youths, focusing on the possibilities as well as the negative effects of the Internet.
This study was conducted trough a qualitative orientated methodological perspective with strategically selected respondents between 11 and 35 years old. Qualitative interviews were being made with nine individuals who were using the Internet regularly.
The conclusion of this thesis is that organized strategies and projects are required, with the aim to create motives for the young generation of Grenada to obtain enhanced knowledge through Internet usage. The access and availability in itself is not enough, because seeking information and knowledge is not the main purpose when the youths are using the Internet. Nevertheless, the respondents stated that the Internet is considered to be a source of information and knowledge and that they know where and how to find information when using the Internet, if they wanted to. The result also reveals an overall positive attitude towards the Internet and the future among the youths, yet still well aware of the negative consequences. The respondents expressed a desire to be able to keep up with the technology and wished for increased and improved accessibility and connectivity in Grenada.
Another interesting conclusion this research generated is the confirmation of the digital divide as a matter of global stratification, rather than differences between countries. Regardless of the country of origin, people with Internet access will have advantages in life and benefit from the technology, unlike those who have no access and hence, will fall even further behind.
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Al-Zaabi, Hassan Jumaa. "Adoption, diffusion and use of e-government services in the Abu Dhabi police force". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/10757.
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Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in peoples’ daily lives due to the presence of e-government. This research aims to identify and understand factors affecting the adoption and use of e-government services in a public sector organisation in a developing country, in this case, Abu Dhabi Police Force (ADPF) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). For this purpose a theoretical framework based on existing e-government and e-services literature was developed. To determine its applicability, a qualitative approach involving 200 participants’ interviews was used in this study. The questions for the interviews were based on the constructs derived from classic theories in the literature. The theories are: Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DOI), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB) and e-Commerce’s Trustworthiness models. The research study results revealed that departments that had roles and responsibilities aligned with government online products and services, adopted e-services better. Where training and awareness was provided, individuals adopted e-services better, and where trust in the provision of e-services was divided in two. The first relates to e-services being better than a manual service as e-services provide clarity and transparency. The second form of trust aligns with confidentiality and privacy. A subset of the research revealed that demographic factors that include, an organisational structure position and the role that one has, inhibit or encourages the use and adoption of e-services. The contributions from this research are anticipated to be a better understanding of the adoption, diffusion and use of e-services in the UAE region. For theory, this research study provided a diverse approach (qualitative research) in an organisational context, the development of a conceptual framework specific to Abu Dhabi’s public sector department and finally, there is research conducted on government to employee e-services in Abu Dhabi, a rare occurrence. For policymakers, the contribution of this research is that the research can understand the impacts of policies and strategies used for developing and implementing e-services. For practice the contribution can be in the form of results that organisations providing external consultancy services in the UAE can identify and understand. Therefore, results such as, lower positions individuals in departments not utilising e-services emerged and suggest that awareness should be inherent within the organisation. By doing so, fewer risks and waste of resources in the form of time and personnel can be avoided.
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Grover, Savitri. "Factors Influencing the Decision and Ability to Seek Health Services Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Tanzania". TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1307.
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Understanding the barriers to treatment for individuals with HIV/AIDS in developing countries could have a major impact on their ability to seek healthcare services. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the effect of daily activities and structural factors, which act as barriers to seeking health services for individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania.
The study is based on the hypothesis that (1) Individuals living with HIV/AIDS who face both personal and structural barriers have poor health compared to those not facing the barriers. (2) Individuals living with HIV/AIDS demonstrate different decisions and abilities to seek health services depending on their socioeconomic and clinical factors. A retrospective study design has been chosen for the current project. The source data-set comprises demographic and health surveys (DHS) in 2011-12 with N=839, male=661, female=178 the independent variables identified have been sub classified into, structural, personal, and socioeconomic groups. The data is analyzed using SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science, version 20. The data analysis shows the significant relationship between various variables included in the study such as owning livestock and frequency of eating meat in a week, distance from the health facility and the mode of transportation. We subdivided the data into these categories: urban, rural, male and female for further analysis. Based upon the results from the study, resources can be managed optimally so as to minimize costs and treatment delays / failures for individuals suffering with HIV/AIDS, especially in the context of developing world. These results could be applied to other developing countries as well. The global picture relates to maximizing the benefits and minimizing healthcare costs as a way to reducing morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS populations in developing countries.
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Hau, Le Nguyen. "Acquiring marketing knowledge through international joint ventures". Thesis, View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/22517.
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The research stream on interpartner learning in international strategic alliances has evolved in recent years. Although several research problems have been addressed, there remain gaps in the literature about the facilitators and outcomes of knowledge acquisition in international joint ventures. To bridge these gaps, this research has two main objectives. Firstly, it identifies various antecedents and tests their effects on the acquisition of marketing know-how by the local partner from the foreign partner. Secondly, it investigates how the acquired marketing know-how impacts on the learning outcomes in an IJV.The findings of this study show the effects of eight antecedents on the acquisition of tacit and explicit forms of marketing know-how. Research gaps have been bridged by this study in several ways. The thesis has also answered the call for empirical studies to provide statistical evidence with respect to inter-organizational learning in the international arena. It contributes new measurement scales as well as suggests effective ways of acquiring marketing knowledge from foreign partners in IJV.
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Trella, Fredrik y Nils Paakkonen. "Development of a Cost-Effective, Reliable and Versatile Monitoring System for Solar Power Installations in Developing Countries : A Minor Field Study as a Master Thesis of the Master Programme in Engineering Physics, Electrical Engineering". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302815.
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This report is the result of a conducted Minor Field Study (MFS), to the greatestextent funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA), in an attempt to design a system for evaluating smaller solar power systems indeveloping countries. The study was to the greater part conducted in Nairobi, Kenyain close collaboration with the University of Nairobi. The aim was to develop asystem that would use easily available components and keep the costs to a minimum,yet deliver adequate performance. The system would measure certain parameters of asolar power system and also relevant environmental data in order to evaluate theperformance of the system. Due to the specific competence of the collaboratinggroup at the University of Nairobi, a Kinetis Freescale K64-microcontroller with anARM-Cortex processor was selected as the core of the design. Components wereselected, schematics were drawn, a circuit board was designed and manufactured andsoftware was written. After 12 weeks a somewhat satisfying proof-of-concept wasreached at the end of the field study in Kenya. The project however proved howdifficult it is to go from first idea to a functional proof-of-concept during a limitedtimeframe, and also in an East-African country. The final proof-of-concept was testedat Mpala Research Centre in Kenya and despite containing some flaws proved that itwould indeed be possible to design a working system on the principles discussed inthis report. The system is open-source, so anyone may use and modify it.
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Mohd, Yusof Zatun Najahah. "The role of university-industry-government relationship in cluster development : the case of MSC Malaysia". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20387.
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Malaysia is a transition economic country that aims to be a developed country by 2020. In realising this mission (Vision 2020), the cluster concept has been an interest and adopted by the central authorities. There are few years ahead to reach the targeted year and it interest of this study to investigate the relevant development on its own engineered cluster of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) that was put forward on the success of Silicon Valley in the US. This thesis focuses on the development of the MSC cluster in the Malaysia context. It examines and measures the state of the cluster, the role played by its core actors (from Triple Helix perspective) and their relationship in the MSC. The role of collaboration has been used to measure the relationship among actors with the key determinants of cluster formation. A mixed data collection method was used to answer the research question and objectives involved. A conceptual model for analysing the MSC cluster is proposed, bringing together insights from the literature on clusters, role of actors, collaborative relationship and the complex systems of innovation approach. This conceptual model uncover the weaknesses of social dimension (social infrastructure) in Porter’s diamond model and the general approach of Triple Helix model in the cluster development. The cluster lifecycle model is used to add the depth to the analysis on the condition of cluster development.
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Fezaa, Basima Abdulbari. "An Exploratory study of the benefits and inhibitors of digital libraries in Iraq". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1273.
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This research study explores the potential of digital libraries (DLS) in Iraq and identifies inhibitors to adoption. Iraq is an ancient civilisation, with a recorded history of more than 5000 years. The Mesopotamian civilisation and the Babylonian Civilisation (both in Iraq) are amongst the most ancient in the world, and have existed from the times of the ancient Egyptian, Indus Valley, Persian civilisations. Iraq has a rich cultural history, with many rare historical manuscripts, antiques etc., on which many treatises have written and still continues to be a popular subject of research. In its recent history, Iraq has had much turmoil as a result of war, sanctions and internal conflict. In recent years many libraries such as the Iraq National Library and Archive (Dar al-Makhtutat, Dar al-Kutub wa-al-Watha'iq), Bayt al- Hikma, Maktabat al-Awqaf and the Iraqi Academy of Sciences have been looted and burnt. It has been proposed by the government to implement digital libraries to broaden accessibility and preserve documents.
Today the advancement of civilisation and speed of innovation are highly dependent on the availability of information. With increased access to information, even the most underprivileged sections of society will have improved economies. There are numerous investments in infrastructure and improvements in the standardisation of protocols, such as http, that have enabled the sharing of information. One of the predominant tools for storing and allowing access to information is a digital library. Digital library technology has been widely adopted worldwide by governments, universities and private institutions. However, implementation of this technology is seen to be a challenge for developing countries, and particularly those nations affected by conflict. This research study examines the issues related to the implementation of digital libraries in the developing country of Iraq.
Digital libraries are an effective system of collecting, storing, organising and distributing documents. They also provide privacy and security. Digital libraries have been seen to have transformed the delivery of education in Western countries. Some African nations, Arab states, India, Thailand and many others have also benefitted from digital libraries. However, it has been identified in the literature that the implementation and adoption of digital libraries has many challenges in poorer nations.
A review of the extant literature provided the foundation of the conceptual framework for the study. Much of the literature concerning Iraq and developing nations predicted an exploratory study. The ontological and epistemological stance of the researcher and the nature of the phenomenon led to a method of inductive qualitative case study. A semistructured interview guide was used to obtain data from eight libraries in Iraq. The data were analysed using the constructs developed during the literature review. The researcher’s analysis also led to the identification of new constructs that were integrated into the research. Common aspects and issues with regards to implementation of digital libraries were identified.
The results revealed that library staff in Iraq are aware of digital libraries and convinced of their benefits. However, they see many challenges to implementation. Their main concerns are that digital libraries require library staff to have improved knowledge of information and communication technology and English literacy. The researcher found that the capital cost of digital equipment and regulatory issues, such as protection of intellectual property and privacy laws, precluded adoption. The researcher also uncovered broader issues, including the dearth of internet access, poor infrastructure, lack of computers in the population and even the frequent interruption of electricity as major inhibitors to adoption.
The researcher found that the benefits of digital libraries are predicted to be extensive; essentially the DLs are seen to be able to provide free, unhindered 24/7 access from anywhere and that this will contribute positively to the socio-economic development of Iraq. DLs will also empower women who will be able to access information from the privacy of their homes, without facing restrictions imposed by Arab culture. Moreover, the cross-referencing of DLs would save time and help research students. Multimedia used in DLs would also enhance students’ learning experience. Furthermore, DLs would showcase the rich cultural heritage of Iraq to foreign nations by linking Iraqi DLs with others in the world.
For digital libraries to be implemented in Iraq the following barriers to effective implementation of DLs need to be addressed: poor literacy, poor English language and lack of ICT skills, funds for digital equipment (servers, software, etc.), and for accessing the DL (client computer, Smartphone, iPad, etc.), lack of infrastructure (including electricity supply and internet capability), and cultural issues. This will require that DLs are endorsed at the highest level of government and planned with the recognition of the unique environmental conditions. Investment in electricity plant and supply, as well as Internet connectivity is anecessity. Funding by government and foreign donor agencies would be crucial to cover the initial capital expenditure and ongoing running costs of DL. Training needs to be provided to library staff. Finally, it would be necessary to obtain arrangements with other digital libraries around the world and to implement laws of copyright protection.
The study is significant because it reveals many benefits of DLs to Iraq and provides insights about the inhibitors to adoption. The study supports further research into DLs in Iraq by providing constructs, inhibitors and some of the potential of DLs. It also provides a priori for explorative research about DLs in other developing nations.
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Ellersick, Linda J. "Expanding Fair Trade to Garment Production in Ciudad Sandino, Nicaragua". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1236817596.
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Bereterbide, France. "Recherche clinique et "double standard éthique" dans les pays du Sud : enjeu des processus de discussion dans les prises de décisions collectives et individuelles". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T105.
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Nombre de « scandales éthiques » ont émaillé l’actualité de la recherche clinique dans les pays du Sud. Face à ce constat, il semble que les principes fondateurs de l’éthique de la recherche biomédicale admis et promulgués par les déclarations et les conférences de consensus internationales ne suffisent pas à protéger au Sud les volontaires participant à des essais cliniques. Nécessitant une adaptation hors du contexte qui a permis leur consolidation, bien que soit donné à voir à chaque nouveau scandale à quel point tout infléchissement des cadres normatifs peut être porteur de dérives inadmissibles, ces principes s’avèrent pour partie remis en question par la situation économique, sanitaire, sociétale des pays du Sud.Le concept de « double standard éthique » décrivant le double écueil auquel l’éthique de la recherche doit faire face, celle-ci s’avère captive d’une forme d’impérialisme des principes et des valeurs ou bien vouée au relativisme moral. La première alternative semble devoir conduire inexorablement à l’arrêt des recherches cliniques dans les pays ne permettant pas l’application stricte des normes qui les encadrent au Nord. La deuxième semble quant à elle mener à l’acceptation d’une réalisation irresponsable,dérégulée, d’essais cliniques aux finalités variables. Face à ce constat, se pose la question de savoir si cette alternative entre absolutisation de la norme et dérégulation peut être dépassée afin de penser une éthique de la recherche au Sud à la fois universelle et singulière.L’exploration de cette question permettra de redéfinir l’éthique comme processus de discussion et de priorisation des principes universels guidé par une compréhension de situations toujours singulières. De ce point de vue, l’adaptation des « conceptions internationalistes » de l’éthique de la recherche à la singularité des contextes apparaîtra non comme une nécessité externe, provoquée par un élément extérieur,mais comme un devoir inhérent à la nature même de la visée éthique. Plus encore, les questions posées par les contextes des pays du Sud à l’éthique de la recherche clinique serviront de révélateur en contribuant à montrer le bien fondé d’une remise encause des interprétations normatives de ses principes, au Nord y compris.7Number of “ethical scandals” have punctuated the news of clinical research in developing countries. Given this fact, it seems that the founding principles of the ethics’ biomedical research accepted and promulgated by declarations and international conferences are not enough to protect the volunteers participating in clinical trials in South’s countries. Out of context enabling their strengthening, ethical principles require adaptation. If each new scandal shows how any shift in regulatory frameworks may carry unacceptable abuses, these principles are nevertheless found challenged by South’s economic, state of health and social organizations. The concept of “double standard ethics” describes the twin dangers to which the biomedical research ethics faces. Indeed, biomedical research is captive to a form of imperialism of principles and values, or devoted to moral relativism. The first alternative seems to lead inexorably to the cessation of clinical research in developing countries do not allow the strict application of the standards that govern the North. The second appears to lead to the acceptance of irresponsible and unregulated clinical trials.Given this situation, the question arises whether this alternative may be exceeded in order to assume a research ethics in the South at once universal and unique. The exploration of this issue will redefine ethics as a process of discussion and priorization of universal principles guided by an understanding of situations always singular. From this point of view, the adaptation of “internationalist conceptions” of research ethics to unique contexts appear not as an external necessity but as a duty inherent in the nature of the ethical aim. Moreover, questions asked by the contexts of the South’s countries to the ethics’ clinical research will serve as a contributing developer to show the merits of a challenge to normative interpretations of its principles, including in North’s countries
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Chan, Kai-Ru y 詹凱儒. "The Research of Standards Competition of Developing Countries". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42933617879149957096.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
94
The standard competition of system proucts has been an important issue from 1950s till today, such as the competitiom of Wireless Lan security protocol WAPI、DVD palyer standard and the competiton of TD-SCDMA of 3G system in telecommunication industry. The situation is becoming more and more complicated because of more integration of information and technological products.Recent years, Mainland China as a developing nation try to develop a new standard strategy model and to make the industrial standards belong to China. This paper discovers the major key factors that affect the abilities to join the standard competiton of developing countries. This paper discusses major standard competition related papers and find out five key factors that affect the abilities to join the standard competiton of developing countries: Technological Innovation abilities, entry timing, complementary products network, products installed base and government supporting. Use these five factors to analyze four important China cases od standard competiton.
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"LIS Education and Research Areas for Developing Countries". INFLIBNET Center, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106268.
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The importance of Information and Communication Technologies in distance learning has been acknowledged as an essential component of strengthening LIS education in the remote areas of the north eastern states of India. (Rath). The same could be said of the use of ICT for LIS education in remote areas of Australia, South Asia and in America. A global infrastructure of physical, human and financial resources will continue to attract students to the LIS profession and add dimension to the concept of information literacy for all as a universal concern. Beyond ICT and distance platforms, LIS education can also be strengthened by faculty knowledge of cultural differences experienced by their students and the impact of the digital divide. With knowledge comes sensitivity. This reflective essay was based on a literature review of barriers in LIS international education. In 1999, Robert Stueart wrote of the challenge to information access in Asia: “One of the most important activities is information society is to maintain a cadre of qualified information professionals”. How can India maintain a cadre of qualified information professionals? Library education in India dates back to 1911. Dr Ranganathan was the major force in the introduction of librarianship courses at the University of Madras, Bombay, Banaras, and Delhi. This essay concludes that information professionals themselves are the channel of globalization of LIS education because they see the need for standards in computerisation initiatives and are sensitive to the benefit of promoting communities of practice within and without their own country of origin. Students everywhere may have overcome great difficulties and personal sacrifice to pursue their education. Universities need to develop students who possess not only discipline knowledge but a high level of personal and interpersonal skills The subject of information ethics can be part of the library and information science curriculum in developed and developing countries worldwide. This subject forms a common boundary which is open to student interpretation.
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Tsotsi, Norma Mabel. "Informed consent in research in developing countries: Is there some unfinished business?" Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7518.
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MSc (Med)Bioethics and Health Law, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009The application of informed consent in research in developing countries continues to be a topical and complex issue. The debate concerning informed consent has become even more relevant in light of the groundswell of international collaborative research that is conducted in developing countries. The discussion centres on the uncertainties of the application of informed consent in developing countries based on the normative criteria set out in international codes and regulations. Although the ethical and legal basis of obtaining valid informed consent is incontestable, contextual differences between developed and developing countries is a key problem. For example, it is debated if the tenets of ‘Western’ research ethics, mainly in the application of a written informed consent model can truly be applied in the African context. The question is whether the participants of research when conducted in developing countries actually are “informed” in the consent process. There are perceptions that the protective instruments that guide researchers on how to obtain informed consent from research participants are not robust and sensitive enough for developing countries needs. In literature, some have questioned the relevance of its purist application in the context of developing countries as ‘overly paternalistic’. Others have argued from the view point that the Eurocentric approach recommended in obtaining informed consent in developing countries has the potential to undermine cultural norms and traditions. In the latter argument, concerns are raised about the principle of respect for persons / ‘autonomy’ and its applicability in so-called communitarian societies. To overcome some unique hurdles, there are voices that call for tailor-made processes for obtaining informed consent to suit the prevailing context, suggesting therefore that there should be some variance in its application. The importance of the issue of informed consent becomes critical as much international collaborative research takes place in Africa where health services are often inadequate and research is perceived by participants as a means of ameliorating some of their suffering. Given the philosophical and the ‘universal’ ethical foundations at the heart of the international regulations and codes on the issue of informed consent, there is a need to further explore the foundation of these perceptions as they raise various ethical issues which need to be discussed. The question concerned in this research report is “is there unfinished business not addressed in the process of obtaining informed consent in developing countries?” In order to answer this question, it is necessary to look at some of the requisites for the application of informed consent principles. I will examine whether the content of the commonly cited ethical codes and regulations (originally initiated in developed countries) are sufficiently broad enough to explain the aims of obtaining informed consent, the steps to be taken in obtaining informed consent and the structures necessary for its facilitation. In addition I will examine whether the intent of the codes and regulations take cognizance of socio-cultural variations. In other words, is the environment sufficiently conducive to apply the concept and are the guidelines flexible enough to deal with “unusual circumstances”. In consideration of the latter, I consider the question of the adequacy of structures to ensure the essence of respect for persons is not lost in dealing with “unusual circumstances”. I contend that if the answer is in the affirmative it is only then can it be said that the principles of informed consent are being adequately addressed and meet the moral, ethical, and legal obligations of research activities.
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Tang, Yu-Cing y 唐于晴. "The Research on the Conditionality of International Monetary Fund with Developing Countries". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96340319118345627370.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
103
Although IMF has corrected their lending toolkit for several times, it still been maligned by international public opinion. In “Articles of Agreement of the IMF” Article I, emphasized the purposes of IMF to maintain balance of international payments by offering loans. However, IMF lending is always attached conditionality, to confidence the resources of Fund would be uses by member state under adequate safeguards. Conditionality is series macroeconomic and structural policies for borrower countries to solve balance of payments problems. IMF has application of conditionality for world financial crisis in 1980-1990 frequently. It seems that countries-especially developing countries-were usually confronted with economic downturn to implemented policies of conditionality, such as Brazil in 1999, South Korea in 1997, and Greece in 2008. It makes developing countries decrease their demands for IMF lending by increase foreign exchange reserves. Thus, this study attempts to explore the impact of conditionality when IMF offering loans to developing countries, and propose reformations to the structure of IMF and conditionality. In academia, there have many researches between different disciplines. In order to make a complete discussion, this study based on interdisciplinary approach. It focused on legal study approach and combined with political science and economic studies of academia. The structure of this thesis is divided into 6 chapters. Chapter 1 introduced the structure of this thesis and directed to research purpose. In chapter 2, to defined the purpose of state loans and contrasted with personal loans in order to recognized the characteristic of sources offer by international organizations. And in this chapter it’s introduced the main international financial organizations-includes World Bank, IMF, New Development Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization, and regional development banks- for compared their structure, purpose, and loans with IMF. Chapter 3 for understands the conditionality’s operations and explored the legal character of conditionality. In chapter 4 and 5, this thesis was inquiry the practices of conditionality. According to past experiences, the results suggested that countries have enforced conditionality could be fallen into extreme pressure on its domestic economical status and society environments. Then the author raised some suggestion about reform IMF’s structure and conditionality. In the end, made the conclusion at chapter 6.
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Arunachalam, Subbiah. "Information for Research in Developing Countries - Information Technology, a Friend or Foe?" 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105322.
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The difference between the advanced and developing countries in the matter of access to information for research has been continually increasing. The advent of the Internet and electronic sources of information has not only exacerbated the gap but also led to the exclusion of developing country researchers from taking part as equal partners in publishing, refereeing, and in international collaboration. If handled imaginatively, the very same technologies can help bridge the information gap between the rich and the poor countries and help improve research productivity worldwide. Many initiatives that are already in place are described and suggestions are given on steps to be taken by developing country researchers.
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Nguyen, Phuong Thi. "Systemic indicators for agricultural and rural communities in developing countries". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/115368.
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Community indicators have been of special interest of international scholars. They are
vital for community development as their role in monitoring of community development,
and managing and preserving a community’s wellbeing. Community indicators provide
information that reflects what the community cares most about - its values. Thus, each
community needs to ‘own’ its indicators to orientate it towards what is of most value, and
to help it on the way to achieving sustainable outcomes. There have been a great deal of
work on community indicators for urban areas in developed countries, but there have been
relatively few studies in relation to rural communities, particularly in developing
economies.
Life in rural communities in developing countries reflects many special challenges that
characterise the complexity of rural systems. The communities need their own indicators
to reflect their reality, and these community indicators require a holistic and integrated
approach that can capture community wellbeing comprehensively.
This thesis presents and explores the development of a participatory systems-based
framework for identifying community indicators in rural areas in developing countries
and principles for applying this framework effectively in these areas. The framework is
developed by using the abductive and participatory action research process, underpinned
by the principles of complexity, complex living systems and sustainability, and informed
by Wells and Mclean’s One Way Forward model (2013) and Meadows’s levels of system
Leverage Points (1999). This approach aims to address the difficulties that have
challenged scholars in developing appropriate indicators for these communities, and then
explore practical facilitation of the choosing and effective use of the indicators. The participatory systems-based framework for identifying community indicators is an
iterative sharing, co-learning and refining engagement cycle. It enables the communities
to appreciate and adapt to the emergent properties of complex community system, which
simply reflect the way our world functions. This is a practical, systemic framework to
help communities to identify influential, lead indicators that assist the communities to
track what is unfolding in the process of development, and make sound decisions - seen
as experiments- directed towards sustainability. Moreover, it enables the active and
effective engagement of all community members, regardless of status and level of wealth,
to share, collaborate and co-learn from ‘experiments’ that build a culture of ownership,
self-management and self-development.
On the basis of the findings in relation to this framework’s application in two rural
communities in Vietnam (research sites), it might also provide support for sustainable
development in organisations and urban communities.Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, Business School, 2018