Tesis sobre el tema "Réseau rapide"
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Caron, Louis-Charles. "Implémentation matérielle d'un réseau de neurones à décharges pour synchronisation rapide". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1603.
Texto completoDevienne, Gabrielle. "Contrôle du réseau périneuronal par l’activité des interneurones à décharge rapide exprimant la parvalbumine". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS474.
Texto completoThe closure of the highly plastic period, called critical period, is concomitant with the accumulation of a specialized extracellular matrix, the perineuronal net (PNN), around fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons that express parvalbumin (FS-PV). The PNN limits the plasticity of cortical maps in the adult, and its enzymatic digestion allows the reopening of cortical maps plasticity. The specific inhibition of FS-PV interneurons, reinstates high cortical plasticity, which may be linked to changes in the PNN. To date, the link between FS-PV cell activity and the regulation of PNN density in the adult remains unexplored. My thesis project aims to determine (i) what are the effects of the manipulation of FS-PV activity on PNN density in the primary visual cortex of adult mice and (ii) if FS-PV interneurons express keys proteins to remodel the PNN. We found that targeted chemogenetic inhibition of FS-PV interneurons or of neighboring pyramidal cells strongly reduces the PNN in adult mice. Overexcitation of the network does not affect the PNN. These results combined with electrophysiological characterization performed using patch-clamp or using EEG recordings, show that network disinhibition is not the trigger of PNN regression. Interestingly, our results suggest that each FS-PV cells is able to regulate its own PNN supported by our results of the expression pattern of PNN-related genes found in FS-PV interneurons. To conclude, our results show that a decrease of FS-PV cells activity, directly or through inhibition of nearby pyramidal cells, reduces PNN density in the adult. These results are innovative and deepen our understanding of PNN regulation mechanisms in adults
Ferrari, Philippe. "Analyse de réseau dans le domaine temporel : méthodes de calibrage d'un système de réflectométrie rapide". Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0131.
Texto completoZhang, Ming-Yu. "Apports des systèmes d'information à l'exploitation des réseaux de voies rapides. Le cas du réseau d'Ile-de-France". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529501.
Texto completoHuang, Wan-Ying. "Identification rapide des paramètres d'un défaut monophasé dans un réseau compensé de distribution sans mesure de tension". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112080.
Texto completoRemote single line to ground fault location in distribution networks, an exercise still remaining to be solved in overhead line systems, becomes much more embarrassing in cables. However, the cable systems demand more rapidity, efficiency and more reliability of protections, because of high transients and strong capacitive currents without voltage measurement. The general idea of this work is that some solutions can be obtained from analysis of the transient currents. The useful information for rapid detection of the faulty feeder can be found in the propagation regime and on the first lobe of residual currents. The transient regime provides also the data allowing the fault location by curve matching. When developing methods to extract the information by deterministic procedures, our intention was to reinforce the reliability of laws already exploited (the polarity law and the rule of phase leading) and to make the equivalent circuits more efficient in identifying the faulty system's parameters
Goral, Benoit. "Technique et Méthodologie de Conception du Réseau de Distribution d'Alimentation d'une Carte Electronique Rapide à Haute Densité d'Interconnexion". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN037/document.
Texto completoToday's economical context leads electronics and high-tech corporations not only to innovate with a sustained rhythm but also to reduce the design cycle of new products. In order to remain competitive, these corporations must release regularly new products with new functionalities or enhancing performances of the last generation of this product. The enhancement from one generation of the product to the other can be quantified by the speed of execution of a task, the package size or form factor, the battery life and power consumption.The design methodology following these constraints is thus very tough. Indeed, integration of new functionalities as miniaturization of products imply a densification of the printed circuit board. The number of layer in the stack up is increased, isolation between nets is reduced, the use of integrated circuits embedding different functions as SOC or SIP implies a multiplication of the number of voltages. Moreover the increase of circuit performances implies a increasing data rate exchanged between component of the same printed circuit board and occasioning a widening of the reference clock and signal frequency spectrum. These design constraints are the root cause of the apparition of electromagnetic compatibility, signal integrity and power integrity issues. Failure risks must then be limited by fully understanding phenomenon occurring on the board by, on one side, realizing a precise dimensioning pre layout analysis aiming the elimination or reduction of the issues at the beginning of the design cycle, and on the other side, validating the layout by post layout simulation once the printed circuit board routed.This study proposed by Thales Communication and Security in collaboration with public research laboratory SATIE (System and Application of Energy and Information Technologies) of Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan within a industrial convention for development through research aims to develop a design methodology for power delivery network of digital printed circuit board with the goal of ensuring good behavior without or by reducing the number of prototypes.The first chapter of this manuscript include an introduction to the context of the study, a precise description of the studied system and the physical phenomenon ruling its behavior, and finally a state of the art of the power integrity technique analysis. A presentation of the test vehicle, designed during the work and support of all measurement results will constitute the focus of second chapter. This chapter presents and describes all the scenarios and implementations created for the observation and measurement of Power Integrity phenomenon and realise measurement-simulation results correlation. In a third part, modeling techniques of each element of the Power Delivery Network are described. The validity of the models is proven by correlating simulation results of each element with measurement results. The fourth chapter presents the analysis and design methodology developed from the results of the different modeling techniques presented in the previous chapter. Simulation tools and their configuration are precisely described and simulation results are compared with measurement results obtained on the test vehicle for the whole system. In the fifth chapter, the interest of power delivery network model will be extended to signal integrity analysis demonstrating how including this model allows to obtain simulation results closer from measurement results by running Signal Integrity Power aware simulation. Finally, the last part of this document synthetizes the work realized and presented in this document, takes a critical look on it and proposes future works and orientations to extend knowledges and understanding of Power Integrity Phenomenon
Picard, Dominique. "Mesure rapide de champs proches par la méthode de diffusion modulée". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112220.
Texto completoKonjek, Julie. "Caractérisation des mycobactéries à croissance rapide du réseau d’eau parisien et typage moléculaire de Mycobacterium chelonae : étude génotypique et génomique". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0044.
Texto completoNon pigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are saprophytic pathogens present in hydrotelluric environments. They are frequently found in the production and distribution systems of drinking water. As some of them are considered as emerging human pathogens these last years, they are submitted to an increased surveillance. We conducted a large-scale survey in the Parisian urban tap water production and distribution system by analyzing more than 1400 water samples. Partial rpoB sequencing of 643 RGM isolates identified 18 species, with the most predominant species being M. Chelonae and M. Llatzerense (global prevalence of these two species was 25% and 20%, respectively). M. Chelonae was significantly associated to surface water, whereas M. Llatzerense was significantly associated to groundwater. Among the RGM isolates, four hitherto unknown RGM species were identified, M. Ivryense, M. Lutetiense, M. Arcueilense and M. Montmartrense, and their genotypic and phonotypical characters were determined. The second part of this thesis describes the development of a molecular typing method, Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) for M. Chelonae. This method was used to analyse the genetic structure of 148 isolates of M. Chelonae obtained from clinical and environmental samples from several countries. We found a wide variety of sequence types (ST) which could be separated into two distinct groups. For some genes we found alleles that were nearer to some alleles of M. Abscessus than those of M. Chelonae
Mouawad, Grace. "Modélisation et méthodologie de conception d'un four de traitement thermique rapide". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0110.
Texto completoDuring the rapid thermal processing (RTP) of thin film photovoltaic cells, the temperature of the latter has to follow a preset time evolution profile, while keeping spatial uniformity of the wafer. The aim of this study is to propose a design methodology of RTP furnace in order to obtain the quality of the required heating cycle.A thermal modeling is performed based on the component interaction network approach to predict the thermal behavior of the furnace. Flux plane approximation and semi-transparent thin layer approximation are used to calculate the direct exchange factor. The plating algorithm is then applied to calculate the transfer factor. The thermal model developed is validated experimentally on a furnace of small dimensions. A methodology to design a RTP furnace is proposed taking into account the dynamic aspect of the thermal conditions of the furnace. An optimization using the genetic algorithm is performed in order to find emitter dispositions. For each tested configuration, the optimal input power distribution over the emitters at each time step is found by using real time dynamic programming. Finally, the methodology is applied for the design of RTP furnace for the heat treatment of thin film photovoltaic cells of 30 × 60 cm2. Test results confirm the validity of the methodology proposed
Sauvage, Jack. "Imagerie ultrasonore ultrarapide 4D par adressage orthogonal du réseau de sonde matricielle : adressage Ligne-Colonne". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS535.
Texto completoWith the advent of 4D ultrafast imaging at the Physics for Medicine Inserm 1273 laboratory, the ability to acquire in all three dimensions and with a high spatio-temporal resolution has been demonstrated. Several of the most effective 2D ultrafast imaging modalities have been extended to volume imaging (3D ultrasensitive power Doppler, 3D elastography ...). Their dissemination in clinic would greatly benefit to physicians. However the necessary means to implement ultrafast 4D are still too heavy and costly to hope for a transposition in the short or mid-term to the radiology departments. Developing smart strategies to reduce channel number has become a central issue. An original strategy based on the probe architecture consists of orthogonal row and column addressing of the Matrix Probe array, the Row and Column Adressing RCA. It offers a transducer solution perfectly adapted with ultra-fast plane waves imaging. With this approach, the probe can be driven by a single standard ultrasound unit, while maintaining a large aperture. The 2D matrix grid is organized according to N + N orthogonal channels, thus representing a reduction factor of N / 2. This strategy presents an important paradigm shift of imaging by dissociation of the focus pathways in transmission and reception and offers a new compromise in terms of spatio-temporal resolution. During this thesis work, the performances of the RCA associated with the ultra fast 4D imaging are studied for various cases. The principle of 4D ultrafast RCA imaging with orthogonal summation OPW are studied. 3D vector imagery for RCA is developed. A new high frequency RCA probe prototype (15MHz) is presented and tested on a 3D functional brain imaging protocol. Finally, a new modality of 3D imaging of the flux intensity is presented offering a new way of exploitation for the RCA probe
Diakhaté, François. "Contribution à l'élaboration de supports exécutifs exploitant la virtualisation pour le calcul hautes performances". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798832.
Texto completoJarnac, Amélie. "Filamentation d'impulsions laser ultra-courtes dans l'air et dans l'eau : étude des processus de transfert d'énergie". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01101002/document.
Texto completoWith the development of ultrashort lasers, pulses with peak power in the gigawatt level are easily obtained. In this intensity range, the propagation is no longer linear. Due to the Kerr effect, the beam self-focuses and tends to collapse until the intensity is high enough to ionize the medium, an effect that defocuses the beam. A dynamic competition takes place between Kerr effect, ionization and diffraction, resulting in a spectacular reshaping of the beam in an intense core propagating over many Rayleigh lengths. During this phenomenon, called laser filamentation, a thin and weakly ionized plasma channel is left in the trail of the pulse. This propagation mode strongly affects the pulse and the medium where it happens. Through several collaborations, I focus this work on experimental studies of the impact of the filamentary propagation in gases and liquids. I thus mapped the spatio-temporal distortions of the pulse during its propagation in water and identified their signatures in the spatial, spectral and energetic domain. I then characterized the energy losses in water and the shock wave generated by the plasma relaxation in different power ranges and focalisation geometries, for the generation of acoustic waves by femtosecond laser pulses. On the other hand, I studied the plasma generated at the intersection of two crossing filaments in molecular and atomic gases. I demonstrated that its spatial properties and transient behaviour can spatially and temporally filter a laser pulse, and could potentially offer a new alternative to generate femtosecond laser pulses with a high contrast and good quality beam profile. Finally I characterized the compression of high energy femtosecond pulses with a planar hollow waveguide and demonstrated that the time compressed pulses can be used to generate high order harmonics, and in general for high field physics
Paillard, Mathieu. "Dynamique de relaxation de spin dans les boîtes quantiques auto-organisées InAs/GaAs". Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0011.
Texto completoWe have investigated the carrier dynamics in self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots structures by time-resolved photoluminescence. By performing a strict resonant excitation of the quantum dot ground state, we have directly measured the exciton radiative recombination time. At low temperature, we observe strictly no decay of both the linear and the circular luminescence polarization. This demonstrates that neither the electron, nor the hole spin relax on the exciton lifetime scale (2̃,5 ns). These experiments allow also to probe the exciton fine structure without resolving it spectrally. After optical orientation of carrier photogenerated under non resonant excitation, an unexpected increase of the quantum dot excited state luminescence polarization is observed. This effect is interpreted in terms of Pauli blocking which prevent the relaxation of an electron in the quantum dot ground state already occupied by another electron with the same spin orientation. We have developed a simple theoretical model, based on the Master Equation of Microstates, which qualitatively describes the experimental results
Sadiq, Mohammad Nikhian. "Conception et développement de dispositifs hyperfréquences à reconfiguration rapide à partir de matériaux à transition isolant-métal (MIT) : application au dioxyde de vanadium (VO2)". Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0109.
Texto completoThis thesis, conducted at Lab−STICC as part of the ANR MUFRED project, focuses on the study, the design and the development of reconfigurable microwave devices based on vanadium dioxide (a metal-insulator transition material). This multidisciplinary project – from material deposition and study to the design and characterization of RF devices by way of optical control – aims to demonstrate the VO2 performances as a tuning element for fast (about ten nanoseconds) to ultra-fast (about hundred picoseconds) switching.With this aim in mind, this work begins with a characterization of vanadium dioxide as a tuning element before integrating it into reconfigurable RF devices.Thus, the first VO2 based switches, SPST, SP2T and SP4T are designed for control of the metal-insulator transition with an electrical or optical command. These switches are subsequently used in the design of reconfigurable 1-bit (relative phase shift of 0° and − 45°) and 2-bits (relative phase shift of 0°, − 90°, − 180° and − 270°) switched lines True Time Delay phase shifters.Then this study focuses on the proof-of-concept targeted by the MUFRED project, i.e. a reconfigurable phased array antennas based on VO2 switches. The performances of each RF blocks involved in its design are described, presented and analyzed.The first demonstrators carried out make it possible to foresee prospects for improvement in the short and long term
Lakkis, Abbas. "Conception de routeurs parallèles rapides pour l'interconnexion de réseaux locaux à travers un réseau étendu". Avignon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AVIG0112.
Texto completoZhang, M. Y. "Apports des systèmes d'information à l'exploitation des réseaux de voies rapides le cas du réseau d'Île-de-France". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENPC9507.
Texto completoLissajoux, Thomas. "Maillage adaptatif et approche évolutionniste pour le dimensionnement de réseaux radiomobiles". Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2029.
Texto completoFouques, Michel. "Dispositif de traitement rapide à haut degré de parallélisme intrinsèque". Aix-Marseille 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985AIX30022.
Texto completoBiaz, Saâd. "Réseaux de Petri appliqués à la conception de systèmes numériques rapides". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10276.
Texto completoBenzaid, Mounir. "Utilisation des techniques des réseaux ad-hoc pour l'optimisation de la mobilité dans les réseaux IP". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112060.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis deals with fourth generation mobile communication networks and aims at studying universal IP mobility. This solution, totally based on IP, uses ad-hoc wireless access networks. This thesis focuses on three main topics:- Macro-mobility and micro-mobility management. We have designed and implemented a hierarchical architecture combining, on the one hand, Mobile IP for macro-mobility management, and on the other hand, ad-hoc routing for micro-mobility management. The basic idea consists in providing the equivalent of roaming and handoff facilities used in cellular networks. Global location is ensured by Mobile IP and local location is given by OLSR. OLSR, link state routing protocol for ad-hoc networks, is based on multipoint relays that ensure optimized flooding of control messages. We have shown how to integrate Mobile IP and OLSR. Notice that this architecture also allows ad-hoc networks to be interconnected to the Internet. - The feasibility of this architecture and the cooperation between Mobile IP and OLSR protocols, have been demonstrated by tests and performance measurements, carried out on a platform interconnecting several ad-hoc networks. - Fast mobility management. In order to allow mobile nodes to move fast will keeping the overhead reasonable, we have proposed the Fast-OLSR protocol. Performances and scalability of Fast-OLSR have been evaluated by simulation
Kirchler, Dominik. "Routage efficace sur réseaux de transport multimodaux". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00877450.
Texto completoKomarova, Maryna. "Authentification rapide et contrôle d'accès basé sur la confiance dans les réseaux sans fil hétérogène". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003793.
Texto completoKomarova, Maryna. "Authentification rapide et contrôle d'accès basé sur la confiance dans les réseaux sans fil hétérogènes". Paris, ENST, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003793/fr/.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study the current situation and trends in wireless technologies development. We discuss the problems related to security mechanisms specific to each technology, and in particular the possibilities for integration and interworking. We first study the possibility of authentication latency decreasing in a scenario where the network access authentication is decoupled from the service access authentication. An authorized user is granted network and service access as a result of a single authentication process that combines 802. 1X and PANA operations. Then we introduce the Fast re-Authentication Protocol (FAP) for inter-domain roaming, which aims to reduce the authentication delay for a mobile user in a visited administrative domain. The approach eliminates the need for communication between the target and the user's home networks for credentials verification. We develop the Fast re-Authentication Protocol by suggesting a ticket distribution scheme for inter-domain roaming. This method decreases the number of tickets sent and consequently the overhead and delay of the ticket acquisition phase of the protocol. Numerical results obtained from experiments on a test-bed and a series of simulations show that the proposed scheme enhances inter-domain handover parameters such as authentication latency and signalling cost. To improve the access control to network resources we propose the adjustable trust model. The purpose of this work is to provide the network with the opportunity to react to user behaviour. Users are motivated to gain higher trust because trusted users have access to a larger set of services with higher quality of service. Validation of the proposed trust-based access control method has been done via simulations. Finally, we discuss how the proposed solutions can be implemented in a single framework
Salomé, Rémi. "Imagerie rapide et suivi de l'activité de réseaux de neurones en microscopie à deux photons". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13063.
Texto completoBasiri, Abdolali. "Bases de Gröbner et LLL : arithmétique rapide des courbes C ab". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066358.
Texto completoDarras, Thomas. "Prévision de crues rapides par apprentissage statistique". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS100/document.
Texto completoThe Mediterranean region is frequently subjected to intense rainfalls leading to flash floods. This phenomenon can cause casualties and huge material damages. Facing to this phenomenon, hydrologic forecasting is a major tool used by Service Central d’Hydrométéorologie et d’Appui à la Prévision des Inondations to produce flood warning.During past decades, artificial neural networks showed their efficiency for flash flood forecasting on different type of watershed. The present thesis aims thus to contribute to the development of a generic methodology to design artificial neural networks, that is tested on Gardon d’Anduze and Lez at Lavalette watersheds, both displaying non-linear hydrodynamic behavior. To reduce uncertainties on forecasts, ensemble models, based on the median of forecasts calculated at each time step for an adequate number of models varying only by their initialization, have been proposed. In addition, in order to improve forecasting performances on Gardon d’Anduze, with artificial neural networks, we tried to introduce knowledge about the state of the watersheds before and during the flood. Several variables have thus been tested each one its turn, to select the one given the best performances. On the Lez karst system, that has a strongly heterogeneous structure, the KnoX method have been applicated in order to estimate the contribution to outflow from four geographical zones displaying hydrologic and hydrogeologic behavior considered as homogeneous. Thus, the most contributive zones to the discharge zones have been identified. This will help the investigation of representing humidity variables in these zones.The performances of models underlined that the general methodology of rainfall-runoff model conception could be applied on both basins, even though their hydrological and hydrogeological behavior are very different.The contribution of each zone, estimated from the KnoX methodology, improved comprehension of Lez karst system during flash floods. Selection of relevant variables representing the state of the Lez hydrosystem will be possible thanks to this new knowledge. Performances of models developed in this study underlined the difficulty to find satisfactory models, and showed the interest of the generic methodology used to design neural network adapted to the two targeted basins
Tang, Mincheng. "Etude du comportement dynamique des sources laser ultrarapides à base de fibres actives fortement dispersives". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR117/document.
Texto completoUltrafast fiber lasers represent today a ubiquitous technology in various industrial and research applications thanks to their inherent advantages such as compactness, stability and high power. The best performances to date, mostly relying on large mode area fibers and chirped pulse amplification, however require complex experimental developments and are limited by the use of bulk components for pulse stretching and compression. The experimental and numerical work presented in this PhD thesis aimed at exploring original dynamical regimes based on specific active fibers combining large mode area and high dispersions for the generation of high-energy ultra-short pulses. The numerical studies then showed that pulsed regimes with high normal dispersions could be reached by exploiting resonance and mode-coupling phenomena in Bragg or W-type fibers. Studying the influence of the cavity parameters on mode-locking mechanisms allowed to target attractive configurations for energy scaling. The experimental implementation of this concept allowed the development of a dissipative soliton source delivering record high-energy chirped pulses (38 nJ, 700 fs after compression) at 1560 nm. The realization of ultrafast sources based on specific active fibers combined to mode-coupling phenomena then brought the possibility to identify the potentiality and limitations of these particular architectures with high dispersions for energy scaling
Cenier, Tristan. "Interactions entre rythmes rapides et rythmes lents dans la représentation de l'information olfactive dans le réseau bulbaire". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543909.
Texto completoCenier, Tristan. "Interactions entre rythmes rapides et rythmes lents dans la représentation de l’information olfactive dans le réseau bulbaire". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10093/document.
Texto completoA striking feature of the olfactory sensory system is its ability to deal with a complex multi-dimensional chemical stimuli. Receptor cells in the nasal cavity are sensitive to specific features of molecules and transmit this information to the olfactory bulb, first relay for olfaction in the central nervous system. Due to the organization of projection pathways to the bulb, afferent information activates the structure in a topographical fashion ; although this may constitute a coding strategy for olfactory information it has proven insufficient, and other strategies must be investigated. Dynamic phenomenons are a preponderant feature of the olfactory bulb. The respiratory rhythm imposes a sinusoidal level of activation to the system, oscillations in local field potentials and subthreshold oscillations in neurons membrane potentials may interact and lead to the transient synchronization of sub-populations of neurons. This particular mechanism, designated as neural assemblies, is in theory a good candidate for the representation of olfactory information. The work presented here is based on conjoint recordings, in anesthetized animals, of unitary activities, oscillations in the LFP and respiration, in response to olfactory stimulation. We show the relationships existing between the various dynamic phenomenons, and hypothesize on their functional roles. We propose that a same mechanism may form different neural assemblies each assuming a specific functional role. The respiratory rhythm acts as a gating system, organizing the formation of successive yet different neural assemblies
L'Hostis, Alain. "Images de synthèse pour l'Aménagement du territoire : la déformation de l'espace par les réseaux de transport rapide". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275807.
Texto completoLin, Simin. "Internationalisation rapide des Born Globals chinoises : cas de la province du Zhejiang". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30007.
Texto completoWith the increased participation of emerging countries in the global economy, the Born Globals in these countries become significant players. The aim of our research is to study the internationalization process of Chinese Born Globals and to explore the key factors explaining their early and rapid process of internationalization.To answer our questions, a double methodology was used: a quantitative approach of an exploratory study followed by a qualitative approach of a multiple case study. We choose the Zhejiang province as our research field because most SMEs in this region start to internationalize soon after their creation.From a literature review of the internationalization of SMEs and Born Globals, we have identified seven key factors in the internationalization process of Born Globals and we have examined them in the Chinese context through an exploratory study. Following this exploratory study, which allowed us to identify the leaders and the networks as two key factors explaining the rapid internationalization of Chinese Born Globals, we conducted a cross-case analysis within seven Chinese Born Globals. This study allowed us to understand the functions of these two key factors in the rapid internationalization of Born Globals as well as their impact on this process
Boudebous, Dalila. "Petri-s : un outil d'aide au prototypage rapide des automatismes industriels décrits par des réseaux de pétri interprétés". Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10021.
Texto completoDussault, Marc-André. "Développement d'un dispositif d'extrusion tridimensionnelle de sucre vitrifié pour la production de réseaux fluidiques complexes par moulage rapide". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27252.
Texto completoThe overall goal of this broad research project, within which this master project took place, is to cure type 1 diabetes. We aim to produce a vascularized bioartificial pancreas that would be made of beta cells embedded in a hydrogel (i.e. insulin secreting cells). This organ would restore to type 1 diabetics the self-capacity to secrete insulin, thus to control in real time their glycaemia. Vascularization is currently a major issue in the field of tissue engineering. Most tissues produced by TE are limited in thickness due to the lack of adequate vasculature. To engineer a tissue thicker than 400 μm, vascularization is mandatory for most of the cells to survive [1]. The lack of adequate vascularization leads to hypoxia and hinders cells to fulfill their functions. This thesis presents the development and the commissioning of a 3D sugar glass extrusion apparatus for the vascularization of a bioartificial pancreas. This apparatus was developed at the “laboratoire de recherche sur les procédés d’impression 3D” and at the “bureau de design” in the mechanical engineering department of Université Laval. With this pioneering 3D printing technology, it is now possible to rapidly and precisely produce temporary sugar glass template that can then be used to produce complex 3D vascular networks. After the printing process, the temporary template is used as a mold for the rapid casting of vascularized constructs made with materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or cellladen hydrogels. Due to the nature of the material used, the temporary lattices can be dissolved in an aqueous medium without releasing any cytotoxic byproducts and in a fast and easy fashion. This feature is a major advantage in the context of bioengineering.
Deshmukh, Ajinkya. "Design and realization of a 3D digital electromagnetic micro-actuator array for conveyance application". Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2546.
Texto completoSmart Conveyance Surfaces are significantly used in many industries in accordance to the growing manufacturing demands. They are used to transfer the parts from one manufacturing station to another and can contribute to the assembly of the different parts or during the inspection and logistics operations. This technology is emerging at macro and micro levels and is the backbone to automate manipulation tasks. Several researches are in progress the industrial sector to upgrade or adapt the new trend of Industry 4.0. Miniaturization is also in high demand to obtain cost effective and high precision products with a footprint of few cubic centimetres. To realize this smart conveyance surfaces, various actuation architectures and physical principles can be used. This thesis presents the development of a micro-conveyance device based on an array of digital electromagnetic actuators. The main originality of the proposed work lies in its hexagonal architecture and the ability of each actuator to reach twelve discrete positions distributed at two different levels along z-axis. The proposed device comprises seven actuators assembled in honeycomb architecture to realize conveyance in a collaborative or elementary manner with 4-DOF (three translation and one rotation along z-axis). Each actuator of an architecture consists of mobile part able to switch with the help of electromagnetic Lorentz force. Each actuator can be elementary controlled and exhibits different displacement strokes ranging from 0.5mm to 1.00 mm. The overall dimension of the device is 90x90mm and it is capable of achieving planar motion of a conveyed object due to stick-slip and lift-mode approach. The device has been designed and sized with the help of magnetic and electromagnetic force models. Several prototypes have then been realized using both rapid prototyping and micro-fabrication techniques. These prototypes have then been tested and their ability to realize conveyance tasks has been characterized. A novel compact design of the array with 19 actuators arranged in a honeycomb architecture has also been designed
Brice, Goglin. "Réseaux rapides et stockage distribué dans les grappes de calculateurs : propositions pour une interaction efficace". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408722.
Texto completoGoglin, Brice. "Réseaux rapides et stockage distribué dans les grappes de calculateurs : propositions pour une interaction efficace". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSL0328.
Texto completoThis work aims at studying the exploitation of high-speed networks of clusters for distributed storage. Parallel applications running on clusters require both high-performance communications between nodes and efficient access to the storage system. Many studies on network technologies led to the design of dedicated architectures for clusters with very fast communications between computing nodes. Efficient distributed storage in clusters have been essentially developed by adding parallelization mechanisms so that the server(s) may sustain an increased workload. In this work, we propose to improve the performance of distributed storage systems in clusters by efficiently using the underlying high-performance network to access distant storage systems. The main question we are addressing is: do high-speed networks of clusters fit the requirements of a transparent, efficient and high-performance access to remote storage? We show that storage requirements are very different from those of parallel computation. High-speed networks of clusters were designed to optimize communications between different nodes of a parallel application. We study their utilization in a very different context, storage in clusters, where client-server models are generally used to access remote storage (for instance NFS, PVFS or Lustre). Our experimental study based on the usage of the GM programming interface of Myrinet high-speed networks for distributed storage did raised several interesting problems. Firstly, the specific memory utilization in the storage access system layers does not easily fit the traditional memory model of high-speed networks. Secondly, client-server models that are used for distributed storage have specific requirements on message control and event processing, which are not handled by existing interfaces. We propose different solutions to solve communication control problems at the file-system level. We show that a modification of the network programming interface is required. Data transfer issues need an adaptation of the operating system. We detail several propositions for network programming interfaces which make their utilization easier in the context of distributed storage. The integration of a flexible processing of data transfer in the new programming interface Myrinet/MX is finally presented. Performance evaluations show that its usage in the context of both storage and other types of applications is easy and efficient
Traoré, Brahima. "Echantillonnage opto-électronique pour application à la Conversion Analogique Numérique rapide". Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9cbc7580-c271-4c30-95ad-a6844ba8996d/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0034.pdf.
Texto completoThis PhD-Thesis deals with the study and the implementation of an photonic sampling applied to Analog/Digital Converter. Sampling here is simply performed by letting the optical pulses sample the electrical analog input signal as they travel through the electrooptical modulator. The optical signal processing is done by a linearized sampling technique referred to as phase-encoded optical sampling. This proposed scheme is combined with the I/Q sampling technique done by slicing the spectrum with a pair of Bragg grating. The pulses are launched into a dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF). After passing through the DCF, the wavelength components are temporally separated. The chirped modulated pulses are sliced by 2 Bragg grating witch wavelength were chosen to produce 2 pulses in quadrature
Khalil, Lama. "Ultrafast study of Dirac fermions in topological insulators". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS344/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents an experimental study of the electronic properties of two topological materials, namely, the irradiated three-dimensional topological insulator Bi₂Te₃ and the natural topological superlattice phase Sb₂Te. Both systems were investigated by techniques based on photoemission spectroscopy. The Bi₂Te₃ compounds have been irradiated by high-energy electron beams. Irradiation with electron beams is a very promising approach to realize materials that are really insulating in the bulk, in order to emphasize the quantum transport in the protected surface states. By studying a series of samples of Bi₂Te₃ using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) we show that, while the topological properties of the Dirac surface states are preserved after electron irradiation, their ultrafast relaxation dynamics are very sensitive to the related modifications of the bulk properties. Furthermore, we have studied the occupied and unoccupied electronic band structure of Sb₂Te. Using scanning photoemission microscopy (SPEM), we have consistently found various nonequivalent regions on the same surface after cleaving several Sb₂Te single crystals. We were able to identify three distinct terminations characterized by different Sb/Te surface stoichiometric ratios and with clear differences in their band structure. For the dominating Te-rich termination, we also provided a direct observation of the excited electronic states and of their relaxation dynamics by means of trARPES. Our results clearly indicate that the surface electronic structure is strongly affected by the bulk properties of the superlattice. Therefore, for both systems, we show that the surface electronic structure is absolutely connected to the bulk properties
Bouchard, Martin. "Développement et validation d'algorithmes à convergence rapide pour l'apprentissage de réseaux de neurones utilisés en contrôle actif non-linéaire". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/NQ40512.pdf.
Texto completoMotie, Yassine. "Interopérabilité entre dispositifs hétérogènes en environnement ouvert pour la mise en oeuvre de co-simulation". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30102.
Texto completoThe large number of electronic device features we use on a daily basis means a shift from a vision of old multifunction machines to distributed, widely distributed distributed devices in the environment. Knowing that a system is an integrated set of connected and interrelated elements (products, people, processes) in order to satisfy, in a given environment, one or more defined objectives and having characteristics such as the components that constitute it , the relations between these components, its environment, the constraints it undergoes, evolutions over time. The combination of these leads us to qualify some systems as complex due to the heterogeneity of the components constituting them, their evolution at various time scales and their geographical distribution integrating digital systems, physical and / or human operators in the loop. The difficulty of having a good vision of the system when it is complex (real and other simulated devices) and the probability of significant design error leads us to reflect on the ability to specify the product and verify the design using a virtual prototype, we are talking about simulation. When a complex system requires the use of different components specified by different designers working on different domains, this greatly increases the number of virtual prototypes. These different components unfortunately tend to remain too independent of each other thus preventing both the different designers from collaborating and their systems from being interconnected in order to fulfill one or more tasks that could not be accomplished by one of these elements only. The need for communication and cooperation is needed. This must take into account the different actors and coordinate them in their interactions within this complex system. But the advances in simulation in each area are considerable, each with its own software. Interoperability solutions are therefore necessary for the implementation of a co-simulation encouraging dialogue between disciplines and reducing errors, cost and development time. In our thesis we participate in the design of a co-simulation system which integrates different tools of simulation-trades based on the modeling of the behavior of devices like the simulation energetics and the simulation of wear of building materials within the same platform. After taking into account the concepts of architecture, communication (between simulators or with users) and visualization to define architecture models. We analyze the architecture that manages interoperability. We propose an interoperability approach based on the reuse and exchange of computational components. We will successively address the issues related to the interoperability structural and semantic levels, the co-simulation strategies, the design methods of the task model allowing the construction of black box components. Then we will present the concrete implementation of our global design methodology and the verification tool of some properties of the architecture, such as coherence and semantics
Floquet, Vincent. "Génération d'ions rapides par impulsions laser ultra intenses et ultra courtes". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755702.
Texto completoFloquet, Vincent. "Génération d’ions rapides par impulsions laser ultra intenses et ultra courtes". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112269/document.
Texto completoAccelerating ions/protons can be done using short laser pulse (few femtoseconds) focused on few micrometers area on solid target (carbon, aluminum, plastic...). The electromagnetic field intensity reached on target (1019 W.cm-2) allows us to turn the solid into a hot dense plasma. The dynamic motion of the electrons is responsible for the creation of intense static electric field at the plasma boundaries. These electric fields accelerate organic pollutants (including protons) located at the boundaries. This acceleration mechanism known as the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) has been the topic of the research presented in this thesis.The goal of this work has been to study the acceleration mechanism and to increase the maximal ion energy achievable. Indeed, societal application such as proton therapy requires proton energy up to few hundreds of MeV. To proceed, we have studied different target configurations allowing us to increase the laser plasma coupling and to transfer as much energy as possible to ions (target with microspheres deposit, foam target, grating). Different experiments have also dealt with generating a pre-plasma on the target surface thanks to a pre-pulse. On the application side, fluorescent material such as CdWO4 has been studied under high flux rate of protons. These high flux rates have been, up to now, beyond the conventional accelerators capabilities
Montavont, Julien. "Gestion des déplacements de terminaux IPv6 mobiles assistée par géolocalisation". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MONTAVONT_Julien_2006.pdf.
Texto completoWireless technologies such as Wi-Fi are becoming very popular and allow users to maintain their Internet connectivity while moving. Yet, the mechanisms introduced by the standards to enable the mobility support still suffer various limitations. Among these is the poor support or lack thereof for rapid and seamless handovers. When moving from one access point to another, a mobile node may experience connection and/or packet loss which may introduce noise and cuts in real-time media streams delivered to the user. In this Ph. D. Thesis, we focus on optimizing the handover process in a wireless IPv6 environment using information from a geographic positioning system. This work contains (among other) the specification and implementation of two new protocols, and the extension of a wireless IPv6 network simulation tool
Aublet, Benoît. "L'action en situation d'urgence : facteurs d'efficacité dans la gestion du réseau routier en cas de crûes rapides : étude appliquée au département du Gard". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH040/document.
Texto completoThis PhD dissertation aims at a better understanding of the mechanisms and processes which dictate the actions taken ina situation of crisis, that is to say, in a context very much characterized by urgency, and the necessity to act quickly inan unpredictable situation. After assessing the vulnerability of the road network in the event of a rapid rise in the waterlevel, we were led to raise the following questions : what are the various modes of crisis management in the event of violentrainstorms leading up to closings, interruptions or submersion of the road network ? What are the required conditions foran efficient management ? Our study intends to show the modus operandi of the actors in charge of the road networkmanagement in a district subject to frequent flooding to « manage » those times of trouble and the means and tools given tothem (maps, softwares, technical devices etc). What we originally aimed at was not so much emphasizing the gap betweenthe stipulated work and the effective work of operators in a time of crisis but rather focusing on the modalities of these« moves ». In a sense, matters of efficiency are at the heart of our approach. In its etymological meaning, efficiency is avirtue, a strength (from latin efficacitas) and it should enable us in this work to grasp the discrepancies between whatis linked on one side to the planning and organized managing of crises and on the other to metis, that is, the practicalintelligence of the actors in charge of the execution of the devised tasks. Instead of identifying the deficiency, we intend tohighlight what seems efficient from the actors’ point of view, what is « bearing » to the action, what makes sense (Jullien,1996, 1992). What are the virtuous mechanisms that the actors can devise in order to secure some kind of managementefficiency and to "hold together" this moment of crisis characterized, according to some writings, by the loss of a sense ofdirection in action ? This approach of the conditions of efficiency entails on the one hand the analysis of the actors’ practices(trust, adaptation, improvisation, interpretation of the surroundings and of information), and on the other, the knowledgeand understanding of the plans of action that prescribe them
Pedrazzani, Mélanie. "Microscopie de fluorescence rapide et optique adaptative pour l'étude fonctionnelle tridimensionnelle in vivo des réseaux neuronaux impliqués dans la mémoire chez Drosophila melanogaster". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS226/document.
Texto completoCellular and neural network dynamics involved in memory formation remain poorly known despite the progress brought by advanced optical microscopies to neurobiology. The use of Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism constitute one of the most promising approaches due to its unique features: a small brain size, outstanding learning capabilities, very powerful genetic tools and the possibility to analyze a whole neural network with a cellular resolution. To this aim, we implemented two types of optical fluorescence microscopes coupled to cutting-edge fluorescent biosensors, calcic G-CaMP6f and voltage ArcLight probes. We used HiLo structured illumination, a technique able to provide axial optical sectioning, deep in the brain, to study the role of dopaminergic and gabaergic molecular receptors in the transmission of aversive stimulus to mushroom bodies neurons. We also evidenced a non-uniform response of type α/β mushroom bodies neurons under electrical stimulation at 10 to 20 µm depth of analysis. To penetrate deeper in the brain, we added an adaptive optics feedback loop into our microscope in order to overcome aberrations issues. We were then able to rebuild optical sections down to 50 µm depth. The second type of microscopy we developed is a multiconfocal microscope using spinning disk. The aim was to image all the mushroom bodies neurons, at the level of their cell bodies, with a cellular resolution. Since this project is at its beginning, it did not allow us to answer to advanced biological questions yet
Amin, chalhoub Eliane. "Etude des processus thermophysiques en régime d'interaction laser/matière nanoseconde par pyro/réflectométrie rapide". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635322.
Texto completoAugusto, Vincent. "Modélisation, analyse et pilotage de flux en milieu hospitalier à l'aide d'UML et des réseaux de Petri". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473565.
Texto completoMontavont, Nicolas. "Gestion optimisée d'interfaces multiples et prise en compte des déplacements rapides sur un terminal IPv6 mobile". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/MONTAVONT_Nicolas_2004.pdf.
Texto completoAmin, Chalhoub Eliane. "Etude des processus thermophysiques en régime d'interaction laser/matière nanoseconde par pyro/réflectométrie rapide". Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2081/document.
Texto completoThe recent development of nanotechnology has made the study and the characterisation of thermal properties of thin films and nanomaterials very important for the development and the quality of new technologies. Our experimental setup is designed and built in order to study different phenomena, in real time, that arise while the interaction of a laser with materials at the nanosecond scale. This system is composed of two complementary optical diagnostics, the time resolved reflectivity and the fast infrared pyrometry. First, we have shown the ability to study in real time the surface structural changes in the case of a thin metal layer deposited on an insulating substrate, the phenomenon of photoluminescence and the kinetics of melting/resolidification and also the ablation. In addition, we present a novel method in order to determine the thermal properties (volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity) of nanostructured surfaces. The analysis is based on the use of a proven theoretical model that is adjusted with an optimisation algorithm on our experimental measurements
Prost-Boucle, Adrien. "Génération rapide d'accélerateurs matériels par synthèse d'architecture sous contraintes de ressources". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT039/document.
Texto completoIn the field of high-performance computing, FPGA circuits are very attractive for their performance and low consumption. However, their presence is still marginal, mainly because of the limitations of current development tools. These limitations force the user to have expert knowledge about numerous technical concepts. They also have to manually control the synthesis processes in order to obtain solutions both fast and that fulfill the hardware constraints of the targeted platforms.A novel generation methodology based on high-level synthesis is proposed in order to push these limits back. The design space exploration consists in the iterative application of transformations to an initial circuit, which progressively increases its rapidity and its resource consumption. The rapidity of this process, along with its convergence under resource constraints, are thus guaranteed. The exploration is also guided towards the most pertinent solutions thanks to the detection of the most critical sections of the applications to synthesize, for the targeted execution context. This information can be refined with an execution scenarion specified by the user.A demonstration tool for this methodology, AUGH, has been built. Experiments have been conducted with several applications known in the field of high-level synthesis. Of very differen sizes, these applications confirm the pertinence of the proposed methodology for fast and automatic generation of complex hardware accelerators, under strict resource constraints. The proposed methodology is very close to the compilation process for microprocessors, which enable it to be used even by users non experts about digital circuit design. These works constitute a significant progress for a broader adoption of FPGA as general-purpose hardware accelerators, in order to make computing machines both faster and more energy-saving