Tesis sobre el tema "Réseaux de capteurs indépendants"
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Bouchakour, Omar. "Contrôle-santé structurel passif à ondes guidées, basé sur des réseaux de capteurs ultrasonores désynchronisés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPHF0004.
Texto completoThe evolution of structural health monitoring (SHM) in recent years has witnessed the emergence of independent sensor networks with limited material resources. However, the signals recorded by these sensors for passive imaging can exhibit desynchronizations that make it difficult to locate damage in the inspected structure. Although the peak correlation technique (PCT), based on the symmetry of noise correlation functions, can be applied to correct these offsets, achieving perfect synchronization is challenging in the presence of electronic noise and/or reconstruction of the Green's function. In this manuscript, a study of the behavior of residual errors associated with imperfect resynchronization, as a function of the statistical parameters of noise, is conducted. Then, the degradation of the contrast of defect localization images is quantified as a function of the standard deviation of these resynchronization errors. Subsequently, a process based on the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inversion is developed to minimize these errors and improve the quality of the localization images. This study is then extended to the case of defect localization with anisotropic scattering. Finally, a feasibility study is carried out on a network of wireless communicating sensors
Costard, Aude. "Estimation de la structure d’indépendance conditionnelle d’un réseau de capteurs : application à l'imagerie médicale". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT059/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is motivated by the study of sensors networks. The goal is to compare networks using their conditional independence structures. This structure illustrates the relations between two sensors according to the information recorded by the others sensors in the network. We made the hypothesis that the studied networks are multivariate Gaussian processes. Under this assumption, estimating the conditional independence structure of a process is equivalent to estimate its Gaussian graphical model.First, we propose a new method for Gaussian graphical model estimation : it uses a score proportional to the probability of a graph to represent the conditional independence structure of the studied process and it is initialized by Graphical lasso. To compare our method to existing ones, we developed a procedure to evaluate the performances of Gaussian graphical models estimation methods. One part of this procedure is an algorithm to simulated multivariate Gaussian processes with known conditional independence structure.Then, we conduct a classification over processes thanks to their conditional independence structure estimates. To do so, we introduce a new metric : the symmetrized Kullback-Leibler divergence over normalized cross-profiles of studied processes. We use this approach to find sets of brain regions that are relevant to study comatose patients from functional MRI data
Heurtefeux, Karel. "Protocoles Localisés pour Réseaux de Capteurs". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449801.
Texto completoDos, Santos Jessye. "Réseaux de capteurs et vie privée". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM035/document.
Texto completoPrivacy notion is frequently linked with cyber attack examples by media and scientific researches. In 2012, the hacking of 12 millions Apple user identifiers demonstrates that connected objects represent leaks exploited by hackers to access to user personal data. In this thesis, we will extend the privacy notion to the objects. To do this, we will show that in wireless sensor networks where communications are carried out from machine-to-machine, the knowledge of the static addresses of the devices within the network discloses information allowing deduction about elements of context and environment.Nowadays, the wireless communication standards provide security mechanisms whatever the communication protocols used including the low power ones designed to run on constrained environment. However, the frame header that comprises necessary information for routing and for the proper functioning of the network is always sent in clear text. Collecting and gathering these metadata by eavesdropping is dangerous for the environments and applications based on these networks.The work carried out in this thesis aims to explore how simple passive attacks on meshed networks based on IEEE 802.15.4 used to collect and exploit metadata allow to infer critical information about the network, the environment where the network is deployed and the behavior of users. Two kinds of solutions to hide the node addresses are studied. The first one provides anonymity for the devices. In the second kind of solutions, pseudonyms are used by nodes enabling the capability to audit the traffic within the network.To evaluate the characteristics and the performances of the solutions, a simulator has been used to reproduce the behavior of a meshed wireless sensor network embedding Contiki OS. This simulator allows to compare the performances of MT6D the most promising solution of our state of the art with that of a reference network do not mask the metadata. With this analyze, we can highlight some drawbacks and more especially the control frames overhead needed for the routing. We give the necessary specifications to deploy the most optimal solution for the embedded devices.Thus we propose Ephemeral that allows hiding device addresses provided in the sent frames by using pseudonyms without overhead on the control frames. After deployment in the simulation environment to evaluate expected theoretical performances, Ephemeral has been tested in real environment. The network is made up of twenty IEEE 802.15.4 sensor nodes deployed on a building. The results show that Ephemeral is an efficient low power and bandwidth-saving solution to hide device identifiers used in wireless communications
Katcharov, Nicolas. "Capteurs et réseaux de capteurs à fibres optiques pour applications gazières". Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0018.
Texto completoSterpu, Stefan. "Contrôle de performances de producteurs indépendants pour une meilleure sécurité des réseaux électriques". Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0062.
Texto completoThe electric systems and the associated infrastructures interfere more and more one another and the global vulnerability increases. Due to the complexity and connectivity, a single infrastructure failure could have cascading effects. The transmission system operators guarantee the electric power systems operational security. In order to administrate it as well as possible, system operators use as tools the ‘ancillary services', supplementary functions performed, as a support for their basic services, by the same equipments that produce and transmit the fundamental electricity commodity. In the nowadays deregulation context, new independent power producers demand the connection to the transmission and distribution grid. These new producers are constrained to participate to ancillary services. In order to maintain the grid security and reliability, to allow the commercial transactions correct functioning, system operators are responsible of the ancillary services existence in appropriate quantities and of the power producers control in terms of ancillary services participation ratio. This PhD thesis proposes a power producers' performance control based on parameter estimation starting from disturbances measurements
Munir, Muhammad Farukh. "Optimisation inter-couche de réseaux de capteurs et capteurs-actionneurs sans fil". Paris, ENST, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENST0039.
Texto completoBekkaoui, Otmane. "Réseaux de capteurs d'hydrogène passifs sans fil". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6139/1/030426241.pdf.
Texto completoSamper, Ludovic. "Modélisations et analyses de réseaux de capteurs". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0036.
Texto completoWireless sensor networks are difficult to design because they are highly energy constrained and because each element may have an influence on the lifetime. Ln order to test solutions before being deployed, we propose to build models that can be analyzed. We built Glonemo, a global and precise sensor network mode!. Implemented in ReactiveML, this executable tool can simulate large scale networks while evaluating precisely energy consumption. Ln order to have realistic simulations, an environment model is included. Even if Glonemo semantic is formally-defined, exhaustive analyses are hopeless because of the size of the models. That is why we need abstract models. We propose a global but simplified sensor network model. Using IF toolbox, we compute the worst-case lifetime of this system. At last, we defined a modular abstraction relation for consumption models. Our abstractions are conservatives: properties proved on an abstract model are true on a detailed one
Samper, Ludovic. "Modélisations et analyses de réseaux de capteurs". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00283716.
Texto completoApplication de méthodes de validation formelle au cas des réseaux de capteurs.
Etude de cas du projet ANR ARESA.
Vergne, Anaïs. "Topologie algébrique appliquée aux réseaux de capteurs". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0070/document.
Texto completoSimplicial complex representation gives a mathematical description of the topology of a wireless sensor network, i.e., its connectivity and coverage. In these networks, sensors are randomly deployed in bulk in order to ensure perfect connectivity and coverage. We propose an algorithm to discover which sensors are to be switched off, without modification of the topology, in order to reduce energy consumption. Our reduction algorithm can be applied to any type of simplicial complex and reaches an optimum solution. For random geometric simplicial complexes, we find boundaries for the number of removed vertices, as well as mathematical properties for the resulting simplicial complex. The complexity of our reduction algorithm boils down to the computation of the asymptotical behavior of the clique number of a random geometric graph. We provide almost sure asymptotical behavior for the clique number in all three percolation regimes of the geometric graph. In the second part, we apply the simplicial complex representation to cellular networks and improve our reduction algorithm to fit new purposes. First, we provide a frequency auto-planning algorithm for self-configuration of SON in future cellular networks. Then, we propose an energy conservation fot the self-optimization of wireless networks. Finally, we present a disaster recovery algorithm for any type of damaged wireless network. In this last chapter, we also introduce the simulation of determinantal point processes in wireless networks.Simplicial complex representation gives a mathematical description of the topology of a wireless sensor network, i.e., its connectivity and coverage. In these networks, sensors are randomly deployed in bulk in order to ensure perfect connectivity and coverage. We propose an algorithm to discover which sensors are to be switched off, without modification of the topology, in order to reduce energy consumption. Our reduction algorithm can be applied to any type of simplicial complex and reaches an optimum solution. For random geometric simplicial complexes, we find boundaries for the number of removed vertices, as well as mathematical properties for the resulting simplicial complex. The complexity of our reduction algorithm boils down to the computation of the asymptotical behavior of the clique number of a random geometric graph. We provide almost sure asymptotical behavior for the clique number in all three percolation regimes of the geometric graph. In the second part, we apply the simplicial complex representation to cellular networks and improve our reduction algorithm to fit new purposes. First, we provide a frequency auto-planning algorithm for self-configuration of SON in future cellular networks. Then, we propose an energy conservation fot the self-optimization of wireless networks. Finally, we present a disaster recovery algorithm for any type of damaged wireless network. In this last chapter, we also introduce the simulation of determinantal point processes in wireless networks
Vergne, Anaïs. "Topologie algébrique appliquée aux réseaux de capteurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0070.
Texto completoSimplicial complex representation gives a mathematical description of the topology of a wireless sensor network, i.e., its connectivity and coverage. In these networks, sensors are randomly deployed in bulk in order to ensure perfect connectivity and coverage. We propose an algorithm to discover which sensors are to be switched off, without modification of the topology, in order to reduce energy consumption. Our reduction algorithm can be applied to any type of simplicial complex and reaches an optimum solution. For random geometric simplicial complexes, we find boundaries for the number of removed vertices, as well as mathematical properties for the resulting simplicial complex. The complexity of our reduction algorithm boils down to the computation of the asymptotical behavior of the clique number of a random geometric graph. We provide almost sure asymptotical behavior for the clique number in all three percolation regimes of the geometric graph. In the second part, we apply the simplicial complex representation to cellular networks and improve our reduction algorithm to fit new purposes. First, we provide a frequency auto-planning algorithm for self-configuration of SON in future cellular networks. Then, we propose an energy conservation fot the self-optimization of wireless networks. Finally, we present a disaster recovery algorithm for any type of damaged wireless network. In this last chapter, we also introduce the simulation of determinantal point processes in wireless networks.Simplicial complex representation gives a mathematical description of the topology of a wireless sensor network, i.e., its connectivity and coverage. In these networks, sensors are randomly deployed in bulk in order to ensure perfect connectivity and coverage. We propose an algorithm to discover which sensors are to be switched off, without modification of the topology, in order to reduce energy consumption. Our reduction algorithm can be applied to any type of simplicial complex and reaches an optimum solution. For random geometric simplicial complexes, we find boundaries for the number of removed vertices, as well as mathematical properties for the resulting simplicial complex. The complexity of our reduction algorithm boils down to the computation of the asymptotical behavior of the clique number of a random geometric graph. We provide almost sure asymptotical behavior for the clique number in all three percolation regimes of the geometric graph. In the second part, we apply the simplicial complex representation to cellular networks and improve our reduction algorithm to fit new purposes. First, we provide a frequency auto-planning algorithm for self-configuration of SON in future cellular networks. Then, we propose an energy conservation fot the self-optimization of wireless networks. Finally, we present a disaster recovery algorithm for any type of damaged wireless network. In this last chapter, we also introduce the simulation of determinantal point processes in wireless networks
Barros, Gavilanes Juan Gabriel. "Réseaux de capteurs pour applications de suivi médical". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/10664/1/barros.pdf.
Texto completoMezni, Anis. "Ordonnancement des réseaux de capteurs sans fil embarqués". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI030.
Texto completoWireless Sensor networks are attracted many activities of research and development during the last decade. Yet, the distributed behavior of a WSN remains centered on two main objectives: sensing and routing. This thesis advocates the introduction of an additional feature, which can be considered interesting from a functional point of view and potentially from the power consumption one: starting from a designer-specified requirement, implement a multiple level synergy between (groups of) nodes, based on adequate interaction. This is achieved by automatic generation and distribution of correct-by-construction code, relying on the Supervisory Control Theory. The Discrete Controller Synthesis (DCS) technique is an application of this theoretic framework. In this thesis, we show how DCS can be used for WSN. Thus, its potential is at two levels. The intra-cluster scheduling of a redundant group of sensors with specifications expressing the mutual exclusion during the activation of a sensor within a cluster, essential to save the energy within the network and then a multicriteria automatic generation of an optimal routing functionality. Specifically, an optimal path should have both a minimal length and go through nodes having maximal residual energy. The cited formal tools lean on a modelling approach based on communicating finite state machines (CFSM). The scientific challenges are generally related to the nature of the WSN as well as to its size. The DCS can only generates a monoblock controllers, while the WSN’s behavior is essentially distributed. The issue is how to distribute a global controller, who appears in the form of a logical constraint expressed on the global state of the network, into local controllers while adding the necessary synchronization to guarantee a distributed functioning equivalent to the initially generated controller
Yan, Xin. "Robustesse aux interférences dans les réseaux de capteurs". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10158/document.
Texto completoModern wireless system designs are increasingly involving dense deployment architectures for wireless networks. Such a feature makes interference in these networks an important limitation to the system performance. In several situations, such as wireless ad hoc or ultra wide band impulse radio, this interference exhibits an impulsive behavior. Such impulsive behavior is often badly captured by the classical Gaussian model. With such interference, the classical linear receiver, optimal for Gaussian noise, is no longer robust. Most of the conventional works were done under the premise of an assumption of independent and identically distributed interference random variables. However, space, time or frequency diversity can result in vectors with dependent components. In this thesis, we first give and general system model and give several distributions and models, and we compare them in modeling the impulsive interference. We then evaluate the robustness of different receiver strategies proposed when the noise model changes. We propose to classify the different ways to define receivers. We give also the parameter estimation method and we illustrate their performance under an impulsive interference environment. We also propose a first approach to model the time and/or space dependency of the interference samples. We use the framework of copulas that allows separating the marginal distributions and the dependence structure of the interference. We use the flexible family of the skew-t copulas and show that it significantly impacts the performance of a receiver
Zeghilet, Houda. "Le routage dans les réseaux de capteurs multimédia". Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922266.
Texto completoZeghilet, Houda. "Le routage dans les réseaux de capteurs multimédia". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0196.
Texto completoNowadays, the proliferation of inexpensive hardware such as CMOS cameras and microphones that are able to ubiquitously capture multimedia content has led to the emergence of wireless multimedia/video sensor networks (WMSN/WVSN). As a consequence, a wide spectrum of applications can be projected in many areas and everyday life. Compared to traditional WSNs, WVSNs introduce unique challenges due mainly to the big amount of data to be captured and transmitted over a constrained network. In this work, we first propose a cluster-based (hierarchical) routing protocol called ELPC (Energy Level Passive Clustering) where the main objective is to enhance the network lifetime while handling video applications. This is achieved thanks to a load balancing feature where the role of clusterheads is alternated among candidate nodes depending on their energy level. The second contribution consists in a multipath routing protocol with interference awareness. Instead of completely suppressing interferences, our multipath routing protocol tries to minimize them through a simple algorithm without extra overhead. Multiple paths are built at once while minimizing their inter-path interferences thanks to some additional information on neighboring nodes piggybacked on the route request messages. In addition to interference awareness, we propose a multiqueue multipriority scheme where the influence of data type in a video is considered. Simulation results show that using less interfering paths combined to a multiqueue multipriority scheme allows for better video quality
Bramas, Quentin. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil efficaces en énergie". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066309/document.
Texto completoA wireless sensor network is an ad-hoc network connecting small devices equipped with sensors. Such networks are self-organized and independent of any infrastructure. The deployment of a WSN is possible in areas inaccessible to humans, or for applications with a long lifetime requirement. Indeed, devices in a wireless sensor network are usually battery-powered, tolerate failure, and may use their own communication protocols, allowing them to optimize the energy consumption. The main application of WSNs it to sense the environment at different locations and aggregate all the data to a specific node that logs it and can send alerts if necessary. This task of data aggregation is performed regularly, making it the most energy consuming. As reducing the energy consumed by sensor is the leading challenge to ensure sustainable applications, we tackle in this thesis the problem of aggregating efficiently the data of the network. Then, we study lifetime evaluation techniques and apply it to benchmark existing energy-centric protocols
Bramas, Quentin. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil efficaces en énergie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066309.
Texto completoA wireless sensor network is an ad-hoc network connecting small devices equipped with sensors. Such networks are self-organized and independent of any infrastructure. The deployment of a WSN is possible in areas inaccessible to humans, or for applications with a long lifetime requirement. Indeed, devices in a wireless sensor network are usually battery-powered, tolerate failure, and may use their own communication protocols, allowing them to optimize the energy consumption. The main application of WSNs it to sense the environment at different locations and aggregate all the data to a specific node that logs it and can send alerts if necessary. This task of data aggregation is performed regularly, making it the most energy consuming. As reducing the energy consumed by sensor is the leading challenge to ensure sustainable applications, we tackle in this thesis the problem of aggregating efficiently the data of the network. Then, we study lifetime evaluation techniques and apply it to benchmark existing energy-centric protocols
Mameri, Djelloul. "L'indépendant faiblement connexe : études algorithmiques et polyédrales". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22513/document.
Texto completoIn this work, we focus on a topology for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A wireless sensor network can be modeled as an undirected graph G = (V,E). Each vertex of V represents a sensor and an edge e = {u, v} in E implies a direct transmission between the two sensors u and v. Unlike wired devices, wireless sensors are not a priori arranged in a network. Topology should be made by selecting some sensor as dominators nodes who manage transmissions. Architectures that have been studied in the literature are mainly based on connected dominating sets and weakly connected dominating sets.This study is devoted to weakly connected independent sets. An independent set S ⊂ V is said Weakly Connected if the graph GS = (V, [S, V \S]) is connected, where [S, V \S] is the set of edges with exactly one end in S. A sensor network topology based on weakly connected sets is partition into three groups, slaves, masters and bridges. The first performs the measurements, the second gathers the collected data and the later provides the inter-group communications. We first give some properties of this combinatorial structure when the undirected graph G is connected. Then we provide complexity results for the problem of finding the minimum weakly connected independent set problem (MWCISP). We also describe an exact enumeration algorithm of complexity O∗(1.4655|V |) (for the (MWCISP)). Numerical tests of this exact procedure are also presented. We then present an integer programming formulation for the minimum weakly connected independent set problem and discuss its associated polytope. Some classical graph operations are also used for defining new polyhedra from pieces. We give valid inequalities and describe heuristical separation algorithms for them. Finally, we develop a branch-and-cut algorithm and test it on two classes of graphs
Chaïb, Sabah. "Univers sociaux des commerçants indépendants d'origine algérienne : contribution à l'analyse d'un groupe social, entre hétérogénéité et exemplarité". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0041.
Texto completoOur thesis deals with Algerian shopkeepers based in Paris and its vicinity, and explores the multiples facets of this social group, which until now has not been much scrutinized, today as well as throughout recent history. Bringing together issues, areas of research and investigation, often studied and presented separately, has led to our approach to be as close as possible to the reality of this social group. Dominant representations and selective filters set up around the “native” shopkeepers, give the impression of an anterior and legitimate world, opposed to the foreign shopkeepers. This thesis looks to describe a social view of Algerian shopkeepers, examined through different dimensions (urban environment, historical background, as well as social and family context) and to contribute to the shopkeepers issue
Mabrouki, Issam. "Marches aléatoires dans les réseaux de capteurs sans-fil". Télécom Bretagne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TELB0081.
Texto completoRamassamy, Cédric. "Analyse des protocoles des réseaux de capteurs sans-fil". Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0586/document.
Texto completoWireless sensor networks is one of the hotest research topic in the last few years. This technology can be applied for different fields such as environment, industry, trading, medicine, military etc. Wireless sensor networks are hard to conceive because they require a lot of energy and because each of its component may have an influence on the lifetime of the whole system. What we suggest is a tool allowing to choose the correct and optimal parameters for the reliability of the applications.In this thesis, we focused on two major problems : firstly, a classification of the parameters for a tool allowing to make decisions about the configuration of a wireless sensors network, and secondly, a tool testing the compliance of the system with a real environment. The document is divided into two parts : the first part states the different protocols that exist, and the second part describes our contributions to those topics.In the first contribution, we analyzed how influential the radio cover and the network topology are on the network performances. Then, we deduced from the study of the loss rate and of the level of energy, the reliability of the application. Next, we suggested a study leading to a classification for our decision making tool. For this classification, we studied various parameters related to the MAC layer, the Physical layer, the network layer, the application layer the number of nodes involved in the network.In the second contribution, we adopted a pragmatic approach so we could test the conformity of a wireless sensors network in a real environment. In order to test its conformity in a real environment, we suggested a structured test execution on a real wireless sensor network. This task has been suggested in order to check the conformance level of the network while it was working
Du, Wan. "Modélisation et simulation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690466.
Texto completoMalo, Alexandre. "Chargement dynamique par composants pour réseaux de capteurs adaptables". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6194.
Texto completoMakhoul, Abdallah. "Réseaux de capteurs : localisation, couverture et fusion de données". Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2025.
Texto completoThis thesis tackles the problems of localization, coverage and data fusion in randomly deployed sensor networks. First, we introduce a novel approach for node's localization. It is based on a single mobile beacon aware of its positions. Sensor nodes receiving beacon packets will be able to locate themselves. The mobile beacon follows a defined Hilbert curve. On the other hand, we exploit the localization phase to construct sets of active nodes that ensure as much as possible the zone coverage. To optimize the energy consumption, we construct disjoint sets of active nodes such that only one of them is active at any moment, while ensuring at the same time both the network connectivity and the area coverage. We present and study four different scheduling methods. Ln a third step, we study the problem of data fusion in sensor networks in particular the" average consensus" problem. It allows the nodes of a sensor network to track the average of n sensor measurements. To compute the average, we propose an iterative asynchronous algorithm that is robust to the dynamic topology changes and the loss of messages. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, we conducted series of simulations based on OMNet++
Gouvy, Nicolas. "Routage géographique dans les réseaux de capteurs et d’actionneurs". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10185/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is about wireless multi-hop networks such as sensor/actuator networks and actuator networks. Those networks are composed of independent entities which have limited computing and memory capabilities and are battery powered. They communicate through the radio medium and do not require any static infrastructure. In order to relay messages between actuators up to the base station, we use what is called "routing protocols". My works rely on CoMNet, the first geographic routing protocol which aims to adapt the network topology to the routed traffic in order to save energy. Nevertheless, CoMNet does not consider the consequences of those relocations more than in a one-hop way. We proposed MobileR (Mobile Recursivity), which anticipates the routing in a multi-hop manner through computations over its one-hop neighbors. Hence it can select the “best” next forwarding node according to its knowledge. Another important topic is that events are likely to be detected by multiple sensors and all of them transmit message toward the destination. But those messages are likely to cross over an intersection node. This crossing provokes useless oscillation for it and premature node death. The PAMAL (PAth Merging ALgorithm) routing algorithm detects those routing path crossing and provokes a path merging upstream and uses a packet aggregation downstream. Finally, the Greedy Routing Recovery (GRR) protocol takes controlled mobility into account in order to increase delivery rate on topology with holes or obstacles. GRR includes a dedicated relocation pattern which will make it circumvent routing holes and create a routing path
Makkaoui, Leila. "Compression d'images dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795503.
Texto completoMakkaoui, Leila. "Compression d'images dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0416.
Texto completoThe increasing development of Wireless Camera Sensor Networks today allows a wide variety of applications with different objectives and constraints. However, the common problem of all the applications of sensor networks remains the vulnerability of sensors nodes because of their limitation in material resources, the most restricting being energy. Indeed, the available wireless technologies in this type of networks are usually a low-power, short-range wireless technology and low power hardware resources (CPU, battery). So we should meet a twofold objective: an efficient solution while delivering outstanding image quality on reception. This thesis concentrates mainly on the study and evaluation of compression methods dedicated to transmission over wireless camera sensor networks. We have suggested a new image compression method which decreases the energy consumption of sensors and thus maintains a long network lifetime. We evaluate its hardware implementation using experiments on real camera sensor platforms in order to show the validity of our propositions, by measuring aspects such as the quantity of memory required for the implantation program of our algorithms, the energy consumption and the execution time. We then focus on the study of the hardware features of our proposed method of synthesis of the compression circuit when implemented on a FPGA and ASIC chip prototype
Leone, Rémy. "Passerelle intelligente pour réseaux de capteurs sans fil contraints". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0038/document.
Texto completoLow-Power and Lossy Network (LLN)s are constrained networks composed by nodes with little resources (memory, CPU, battery). Those networks are typically used to provide real-time measurement of their environment in various contexts such as home automation or smart cities. LLNs connect to other networks by using a gateway that can host various enhancing features due to its key location between constrained and unconstrained devices. This thesis shows three contributions aiming to improve the reliability and performance of a LLN by using its gateway. The first contribution introduce a non-intrusive estimator of a node radio usage by observing its network traffic passing through the gateway. The second contribution offers to determine the validity time of an information within a cache placed at the gateway to reduce the load on LLNs nodes by doing a trade-off between energy cost and efficiency. Finally, we present Makesense, an open source framework for reproducible experiments that can document, execute and analyze a complete LLN experiment on simulation or real nodes from a unique description
Leone, Rémy. "Passerelle intelligente pour réseaux de capteurs sans fil contraints". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0038.
Texto completoLow-Power and Lossy Network (LLN)s are constrained networks composed by nodes with little resources (memory, CPU, battery). Those networks are typically used to provide real-time measurement of their environment in various contexts such as home automation or smart cities. LLNs connect to other networks by using a gateway that can host various enhancing features due to its key location between constrained and unconstrained devices. This thesis shows three contributions aiming to improve the reliability and performance of a LLN by using its gateway. The first contribution introduce a non-intrusive estimator of a node radio usage by observing its network traffic passing through the gateway. The second contribution offers to determine the validity time of an information within a cache placed at the gateway to reduce the load on LLNs nodes by doing a trade-off between energy cost and efficiency. Finally, we present Makesense, an open source framework for reproducible experiments that can document, execute and analyze a complete LLN experiment on simulation or real nodes from a unique description
NICOLAS, Charbel. "Sur l'adaptation au contexte des réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762223.
Texto completoCorbellini, Giorgio. "MAC adaptatif pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil hétérogènes". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771767.
Texto completoBekhti, Mustapha. "Réseaux de capteurs : application à la poursuite des cibles mobiles". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD092.
Texto completoFor decades Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in modern warfare for surveillance, reconnaissance, sensing, battle damage assessment and attacking. The benefits of UAVs include reduced cost and no warfighter risk. In fact UAVs use is increased by time,especially under the concept of the network centric operation environment and under the concept of revolution in military affairs. On the other hand, the UAVs technology which originates from military applications, arouse the interest of the civilian, and yet, the domestic use began with limited aerial patrols of the nation’s borders, disaster and law enforcement situation. Recently, these products have also been destined to the commercial market and have gained much attention. Although UAVs use is expanding, their level of automation, cooperation and integration in civil application is far from being efficient and the design principles of such cooperation, coordination and self-organization under an Ad-hoc networkof a multi-UAV still need intensive studies and remain an open research problem. In this thesis, the investigated tracks were drawn both from the literature review and from the news topics. Thus, they covered two main classes of contributions, first, path planning and tracking of drones with package delivery and data gathering missions, and second, intrusion detection in a sensitive area through the use of networked drones.The results show that the integration of the drone segment to the terrestrial wireless network presents a relevant added value and opens new perspectives to the use of this technology in the civilian realm
Bouabdallah, Fatma. "Optimisation de la consommation d'énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs". Rennes 1, 2008. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2008/bouabdallah.pdf.
Texto completoEnergy-efficiency is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to the limited capacity of the sensor nodes’ batteries. Consequently, techniques minimizing the energy consumption are required to improve the network lifetime. In this regard, our research directions revolve around two axes: correlation avoidance and load balancing. From a correlation avoidance perspective, we started by proposing a new spatial correlation framework which yields to the development of a Spatial Correlation Medium Access Control (SC-MAC) protocol. Still dealing with correlation avoidance solutions, we proposed next a cooperative routing strategy that profits from the aggregation mechanism in order to curtail the network load. From a load balancing perspective, we proposed balancing the energy consumption throughout the network by sending the traffic generated by each sensor node through multiple paths instead of forwarding always through the same path. We determined then the set of routes to be used by each sensor node and the associated weights that maximize the network lifetime
Champ, Julien. "Communication et Localisation dans les réseaux de capteurs sans-fil". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20133.
Texto completoRecent advancements in the fields of telecommunications and miniaturization make it possible to deploy for a reasonnable cost, autonomous communicating objects in order to collect environmental data, or to respond when a given event appears in the deployment area. Due to the emergence of these new kind of ad hoc networks, it is needed to design various new protocols, adapted to the constraints of considered objects and to the specific needs of targeted applications.During this thesis, the objective was to contribute to the field of wireless sensor networks by proposing solutions for some of the most important issues. In the first part of this document, dedicated to communication problems, we study and propose a new energy efficient geographical routing mechanism which overcomes the periodic exchange of HELLO messages, often required to determine sensors neighborhood. We also extend this method when considering the presence of location errors of sensors. Next, we have studied a strategy to enhance the lifetime of the network when periodic queries must be sent from the base station to the whole network, by adapting an efficient localized broadcast algorithm, in order to balance energy consumption between nodes. Additionally we have shown that it is not necessary to recompute the broadcast trees for each query to obtain a good lifetime.In the second part of this document, we considered the localization problem in wireless multihop networks. After a study of some of the most interesting solutions in the litterature, we propose a new family of localization methods which are well suited for wireless sensor networks, using 2-hop information and force-based algorithms. Through extensive simulations we show the scalabity of our method, and its ability to obtain accurate results, even when considering complex topologies or the presence of large measurement errors
Nicolas, Charbel. "Sur l'adaptation au contexte des réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0037/document.
Texto completoBeing mobile, the wireless sensors must adapt to the changing environment. Therefore, in the first part of this thesis we propose a mechanism to adapt the WSN architecture dynamically based on the detected context; this includes the dynamic detection of the topology change, the detection of the new context and consequently the dynamic adaptation of the communication layer. All of these actions are executed under constraints on energy consumption. The work done in this part poses the question of detecting the new context. This is a rather difficult question because it is unclear. The purpose of the second part is to detect on the fly the type of the competitor technology generating a traffic that interferes with the WSN. The proposed mechanism, FIM, identifies the cause of interference from errors model observed in the corrupt data packets. The context detection allows the nodes of the sensor network to obtain information about the environment. Some nodes must have more reliable information on the environment than others. How to retrieve the information? From which neighboring nodes? And what information to keep as safe and useful? Are the questions that are addressed in the third part. We propose a mechanism to dynamically decide if docition mechanisms should be used or not
Nicolas, Charbel. "Sur l'adaptation au contexte des réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0037.
Texto completoBeing mobile, the wireless sensors must adapt to the changing environment. Therefore, in the first part of this thesis we propose a mechanism to adapt the WSN architecture dynamically based on the detected context; this includes the dynamic detection of the topology change, the detection of the new context and consequently the dynamic adaptation of the communication layer. All of these actions are executed under constraints on energy consumption. The work done in this part poses the question of detecting the new context. This is a rather difficult question because it is unclear. The purpose of the second part is to detect on the fly the type of the competitor technology generating a traffic that interferes with the WSN. The proposed mechanism, FIM, identifies the cause of interference from errors model observed in the corrupt data packets. The context detection allows the nodes of the sensor network to obtain information about the environment. Some nodes must have more reliable information on the environment than others. How to retrieve the information? From which neighboring nodes? And what information to keep as safe and useful? Are the questions that are addressed in the third part. We propose a mechanism to dynamically decide if docition mechanisms should be used or not
Ba, Mandicou. "Vers une structuration auto-stabilisante des réseaux ad hoc : cas des réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS029/document.
Texto completoWe propose SDEAC, a self-Stabilizing Distributed Energy-Aware and fault-tolerant Clustering algorithm. SDEAC uses an asynchronous message-passing model and is based on 1-hop neighboring to build non-overlapping k-hops clusters. We prove that, starting from an arbitrary configuration, SDEAC structures the network after at most n + 2 transitions and requires (Δu+1)log(2n+k+3) memory space for each node u, where n is the number of network nodes, Δu is the degree of u and k represents the maximum hops number. Through simulations under OMNeT++, we observe that over arbitrary network, the stabilization time is far below the worst case scenario. Furthermore, we remark that after faults, the re-clustering cost is significantly lower than the clustering cost. In the context of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), we evaluate the energy consumption of SDEAC according to multiple criteria in the election of cluster-heads, such as nodes' identity, residual energy or degree and we compare it with the well-known message-passing based self-stabilizing clustering algorithm proposed by Mitton et al. Results show that SDEAC is scalable and reduces energy consumption between 42% and 49%.Afterwards, we propose efficient scenarios in order to transfer information: (i) the non-aggregation scenario that provides a better end-to-end delay and (ii) the partially-decentralized aggregation scenario that reduces the total energy consumption and prolongs the network lifetime
Randrianarisaina, Aina Andriamampianina. "Modélisation de la consommation d'énergie en vue de la conception conjointe (matériel/logiciel) des applications embarquées : application aux réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN)". Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=104e8d62-82c6-45b8-ae60-aea7ebbe171d.
Texto completoIn the field of embedded systems, constraints are often related to the size and energy. Embedded applications are becoming more sensitive to energy consumption. In fact, this latter depends on the autonomy of the application, but also its performances. One must take into account the constraints of energy consumption in the early stages of the specification and the design of a product. Therefore, the design of embedded systems constrained consumption is a key issue facing the need to control energy costs. For example, in the field of sensor networks, this aspect is a major constraint for which it is necessary to define innovative design strategies touching on all aspects involved in these systems. Our goal is to contribute to the definition of models and hardware and software architectures design methods of embedded systems, taking into account the constraints of energy consumption. The proposed models will be used for simulation but also to the design of systems architectures
Bacles, Guillaume. "Architecture et intégration d'un module de type Smart-Dust". Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0092.
Texto completoWe are interested in this work in those structures called "wireless sensors" whose function is to capture information and then trnsmit it. These autonomous structures consist of a sensor, a digital part for data processing and management of the whole structure, a communication system and a power supply. First a state of art is presented and our work then focused on the antenna of these sensors. We showed that is was possible, under certain conditions, to use antennas arrays to guide the radiation pattern towards a specific area. A concept of package-antenna is then introduced and developed on different architectures. Two structures have interesting profiles, one is an antenna array. A conclusion offers perspectives associated with the antennas and more generally with the communicating nodes
Apavatjrut, Anya. "De l'usage des codes fontaines dans les réseaux de capteurs multisauts". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708449.
Texto completoRaveneau, Patrice. "Satellites d'observation et réseaux de capteurs autonomes au service de l'environnement". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11965/1/raveneau.pdf.
Texto completoAlghamdi, Bandar. "Etude des méthodes d'ordonnancement sur les réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS010/document.
Texto completoThe Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is the most critical field when considering Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). It must be a self-organizing network architecture, meaning that it should be able to efficiently manage all network architecture requirements. The WBAN usually contains at least two or more body sensors. Each body sensor sends packets to or receives packets from the Personal Area Network Coordinator (PANC). The PANC is responsible for scheduling its child nodes' tasks. Scheduling tasks in the WBAN requires a dynamic and an adaptive process in order to handle cases of emergency that can occur with a given patient. To improve the most important parameters of a WBAN, such as quality link, response time, throughput, the duty-cycle, and packet delivery, we propose three scheduling processes: the semi-dynamic, dynamic, and priority-based dynamic scheduling approaches.In this thesis, we propose three task scheduling techniques, Semi-Dynamic Scheduling (SDS), Efficient Dynamic Scheduling (EDS) and High Priority Scheduling (HPS) approaches. Moreover, a comprehensive study has been performed for the WBAN platforms by classifying and evaluating them. We also investigate the mobility model for the WBANs by designing an architecture that describe this model. In addition, we detail a diagnosis procedure by using classification methods in order to solve very sensitive epidemic diseases. Then, our proposals have been validated using two techniques to check out the feasibility of our proposals. These techniques are simulation scenarios using the well-known network simulator OPNET and real implementations over TelosB motes under the TinyOS system
Chevalier, Ludovic. "Performances de l'optique sans fil pour les réseaux de capteurs corporels". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0118/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the performance of optical girelles communications for body area networks (BAN) as an alternative solution to the radiofrequency one, in the context of mobile healthcare monitoring. After presenting the main characteristics of a BAN using the radiofrequency technology, specifically in the UWB band, we explain the advantages of the optical wireless technology. Diffuse propagation based on infrared technology is then considered for BAN, exploiting optical reflections from environment surfaces. Several optical wireless channel modeling methods are introduced, and we consider two solutions for the link between two on-body nodes: a classical method named “one reflection model”, used to estimate performance variations, and a ray-launching method, used to take into account a great amount of optical reflections. Considering several scenarios, we determine the outage probability, and show that the diffuse optical wireless technology is able to achieve an on-body link, with the data rates and the quality of service required by health monitoring applications, for a transmitted power far lower than the limit defined in standards. Then, we evaluate the theoretical performance, in terms of error probability, of an optical wireless BAN, considering the optical code division multiple access technique. Finally, we show that a BAN using optical wireless technology is theoretically feasible, regarding a health monitoring application, and considering the mobility of the patient in indoor environment
Romaniello, Gabriele. "Pile de protocoles pour des réseaux des capteurs avec récupération d'énergie". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENM009/document.
Texto completoThis thesis concerns energy efficient protocols for harvested wireless sensor networks. It is a part of an industrial Internet of Things project. STMicroelectronics started the GreenNet project with the objective to develop and design a new generation of harvesting smart objects to be integrated in the Internet of Things. The GreenNet platform is novel with respect to the existing solutions due to its small size that implies a small energy buffer and small harvesting capabilities. This aspect makes the standard protocols and precedent solutions not directly applicable on this extremely low power platform. In this dissertation, we analyse standard protocols and existing solutions to identify their issues in the gn platform. Then, we provide protocol and algorithm adaptations to make feasible the concept of auto configurable and sustainable networks of GreenNet nodes. We proposed MCBT, an energy efficient protocol for the bootstrap procedure. It enables low power nodes to be enrolled in mh mc wireless sensor networks thanks to the network support for enrolling new nodes. It represents an energy efficient solution that extends the standard protocol. We proposed STADA, a sustainable algorithm to adapt the node activity according to the available energy and traffic conditions. STADA is based on a weighted function that takes into account the energy present in the battery, the energy harvesting rate, and network traffic. In this way, the algorithm takes into account all main parameters to adapt the energy consumption and improve the node performance. To make the harvested network more efficient according to light variations, we proposed a novel metric that makes the path choice a simple process. With the Expected Delay, we synthesize all network parameters in a single monotonic variable that facilitates the path choice in mh harvesting wireless sensor networks. All proposed solutions are designed to work with standard beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 protocols and are easily portable on the future version of IEEE 802.15.4e. We validated the proposed protocols with emulations and simulations. The evaluation results shown better performance in terms of energy consumption and quality of service
Do, Trong hieu. "Analyse structurelle de réseaux de capteurs pour la commande et l'observation". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681802.
Texto completoNasreddine, Nadim. "Conception et modélisation d'un émulateur de réseaux de capteurs sans fils". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719398.
Texto completoRoth, Damien. "Gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793315.
Texto completoMansouri, Majdi. "Traitement du signal collaboratif dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675803.
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