Tesis sobre el tema "Restite"

The Cardigan pluton, located in the southern half of New Hampshire, is a strongly peraluminous, S-type granite which is granodioritic in composition. It is inferred to have been emplaced rapidly, thrust up along west-verging nappes during the Acadian orogeny. Distinctive pods, consisting of 50 to 70 percent modal garnet, are found throughout the pluton in assemblages of garnet + sillimanite + biotite + plagioclase + quartz. These garnetite rocks present an intriguing case for restite. Textural features of the garnetite rocks, such as fibrolitic sillimanite mats and flat, unzoned major and trace-element garnet grain profiles, provide evidence for biotite dehydration melting with single-stage garnet growth from the reaction: bio + plag + qtz + kspar = gar + sill + liq. Temperatures calculated using garnet-biotite (GB) thermometry and garnet-aluminum silicate-quartz-plagioclase (GASP) barometry yield estimates between 662-714ºC and 3.8 kbars. These low calculated temperatures are most likely the result of biotite compositions which have been altered by retrograde exchange reactions. The dominant source rock for the Cardigan magmas was likely calc-pelitic to greywacke in composition. Major element modeling suggests that ~70% melting of a calc-pelitic metasediment from the Central Maine trough could have generated a granodioritic melt similar to the average granodiorite of the Cardigan pluton. However, most of the Cardigan garnetite rocks appear to have been derived from pelites, as they are too poor in CaO and Na2O. Hence, though the majority of garnetite rocks cannot represent the dominant restite of the source rocks that produced the Cardigan pluton, they do appear to be the melt-depleted residue of an unidentified pelitic source. Comparison of Nd and Sr isotopic data from garnetite and Central Maine trough metasediments permit an interpretation that the Lower Rangeley Formation, from the Central Maine trough, could be the source rock of the Cardigan magmas. However, one feldspar Pb isotopic analysis in the literature (Moench and Allienikoff, 2002) and rare monazite chemical ages near 600 Ma suggest that the Cardigan pluton does not have a Laurentian source (i.e. Lower Rangeley Formation or other Central Maine trough metasediments), whereas an inferred peri-Gondwanan basement source is permissible.

Ancient humans stored family remains under their houses as we have surely stored memories in our attics. As civilization progressed, ashes were placed in urns which often replicated the house where one lived on earth. Eventually more elaborate and stylized monuments housed the remains. Recent practices have shown estrangement to death and denial of its importance in the natural cycle. this project reintroduces the funeral urn as object and ritual. It attempts to reawaken and reconnect us to our historically diverse cultures and to the life-death cycle by creating the house for ashes. This house is our last abode.
Master of Science

The reStill is the next generation in home-distillation columns, more commonly referred to as Stills. The advances in design and control make it easier than ever to produce high quality alcohol. The project focussed on producing a proof of concept and conducting market validation for the product as it was in the design/concept stage. This report summarises the planning processes involved in the project, the progression of the venture to date and analyses the lessons learnt during this process.

My most recent series of paintings places specific focus on the societal struggles young women face with an emphasis on the need to constantly be viewed as attractive. I am interested in cultural taboos of women's sexuality, and body image anxiety. Layered imagery of anonymous groups of young women paired with grotesque representations of food mimic the internet bombardment so inescapable for young women today. Painted stereotypes of beauty further show the imbalance of male / female gender roles and holographic glitter as well as day glow color push the drama further. In spending time with my drawings and paintings the viewer will, ideally, begin to question the cultural expectations for women, and contemplate possibilities for change.

Traditionally, architectural and construction development in Hong Kong relies on load bearing bricks for structural support. In the modern age after World War II, the common application of reinforced concrete structure in high-rise construction has seen a change in the use of brick as an infill material for reinforced concrete frame construction. Because load bearing brick cannot meet the structural requirement of high-rise buildings, it is no longer common used in construction, and brick buildings that have been built are gradually demolished for redevelopment. For surviving brick buildings in Hong Kong, the ones built with red facing bricks are generally Western style buildings mostly located in Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. For buildings built of Chinese grey brick, they are usually Chinese vernacular buildings, such as ancestral halls and temples, located in New Territories. However, with the common availability of modern paint for redecoration as well as weather protection, some brick heritage buildings have been plastered with rendering and painted. The reason for this is that a smooth painted surface gives a neater appearance and the impression of being easier to maintain and clean. Of course, there are also some traditional Chinese vernacular brick buildings, particularly Hakka houses (客家屋), which have a tradition of having brick surfaces painted with white wash covered with lime plaster (Tsang Tai Uk at Shatin and Poon Uk at Yuen Long are examples). With heritage conservation becoming more important, there are now more and more restoration work carried out on historical brick buildings. These projects are usually led by the Antiquities and Monuments Office and executed by the Architectural Services Department. One of the restoration problems faced in these projects is the removal of paint so that the original brick surface will be revealed. This dissertation aims to concentrate on the common methods used in Hong Kong to restore painted brick surfaces and to evaluate these paint removal methods through case studies that involves buildings of red engineering facing brick and Chinese grey brick. Through this dissertation, it will be demonstrated that restoring a brick surface is not straight forward technical work, but a process that must have a systematic conservation approach and planning. The dissertation will examine case studies of conservation projects involving paint removal work, and use the lesson learned to establish guidelines for paint removal in a planned and systematic way.
published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation

O problema de n?corpos é um dos problemas mais importantes em Sistemas Dinâmicos. Nós estudamos o modelo do problema dos três corpos restrito introduzido por Sitnikov. Nesse modelo os corpos primários tem a mesma massa e o terceiro corpo é de massa muito pequena com respeito aos corpos primários. Usando os métodos de Alekseev, nós mostramos a existência de uma ?ferradura de Smale?como um subsistema da dinâmica do terceiro corpo e concluímos ricas conseqüências probabilísticas. Nós também estudamos o problema pelo método de Melnikov
The n?body problem is one of the most important problems in dynamical systems. We study the model introduced by Sitnikov of restricted three body problem. In this model the primaries are of equal mass and the third body is very small with respect to the primaries. Using methods of Alekseev, we show the existence of ?Smale horseshoe?as a subsystem of the dynamic of the third body and conclude rich probabilistic consequences. We also study the same problem by Melnikov?s method

L'objet de ce travail de thèse est d'étudier un cas particulier de l'interaction lumière-matière dans le cadre du stockage d'information quantique. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux processus appelés transitoires optiques cohérents, et plus précisément à l'écho de photon à deux impulsions. Ce processus est observé dans des cristaux dopés aux ions lanthanides, tel que le Tm3+:YAG. Une fois éclairé par une impulsion faible (le signal à stocker) puis par une impulsion plus intense (servant à la remise en phase des dipôles induits), ce milieu atomique, essentiellement un système à deux niveaux avec une transition large, réemet une troisième impulsion, qui est l'"écho" temporel de la première (chapitre 1). Nous avons observé de tels échos expérimentalement, et ce pour des impulsions de signal faibles. Néanmoins, des effets délétères, dûs à l'impulsion de rephasage et à sa propagation, nous ont permis de conclure sur l'impossibilité d'utiliser ce processus tel quel en tant que protocole de mémoire quantique (chapitre 2). Le troisième chapitre a pour objet l'état des lieux des diverses méthodes dérivées de l'écho de photon à deux impulsions. Notamment, nous examinons la capacité théorique des échos Stark à restituer une éventuelle information quantique. Bien que prometteuse, nous lui avons préféré un autre processus, basé sur la structuration de l'absorption du système en peigne de fréquences atomiques (AFC en anglais). Son étude théorique consistitue la fin du chapitre 3. Le dernier chapitre (4) s'attache à résumer les expériences que nous avons réalisées sur le protocole AFC. Elles ont permis d'observer des échos AFC avec une efficacité proche de 10%. Elles ont également permis de dégager des axes de recherche pour améliorer le protocole, comme l'AFC large- bande, ou en régime de comptage de photons.

Functional MRI is a method of imaging changes in blood oxygenation that accompany neural activity in the brain. A specific area within fMRI studies investigates what the brain is doing when it is not being stimulated. It is postulated that there are distinctly separate regions of the brain that are connected based upon functional relations and that these connected regions synchronously communicate even during rest. Resting state connectivity has become a tool to investigate neurological disorders in humans without specific knowledge of the mechanisms that correlate neural activity with brain metabolism and blood flow. This work attempts to characterize resting state connectivity in the rat brain to establish a model that will help elucidate the relationship between functional connectivity, as measured with fMRI, and brain function. Four analysis techniques, power spectrum estimation, cross correlation analysis, principle component analysis, and independent component analysis, are employed to examine data acquired during a non-stimulation, single-slice, gradient echo EPI sequence in search of functionally connected, spatially distant regions of the rat brain.

Subsea pipelines represent the most cost effective way of transporting oil and gas from the subsea field to the market. A large network of subsea pipelines has therefore been installed both at the Norwegian continental shelf an elsewhere. In the near-shore areas of Norway, the seabed is irregular and pipeline free-spans are unavoidable. This in combination with significant current action, may cause vortex induced vibration (VIV) and fatigue in the pipeline welds. This project focus on studying the fatigue performance of free-spanning pipelines using a combination of FEM analysis and the DnV recommended practices.

Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di mostrare, attraverso una simulazione con il software The Virtual Brain, le più importanti proprietà della dinamica cerebrale durante il resting state, ovvero quando non si è coinvolti in nessun compito preciso e non si è sottoposti a nessuno stimolo particolare. Si comincia con lo spiegare cos’è il resting state attraverso una breve revisione storica della sua scoperta, quindi si passano in rassegna alcuni metodi sperimentali utilizzati nell’analisi dell’attività cerebrale, per poi evidenziare la differenza tra connettività strutturale e funzionale. In seguito, si riassumono brevemente i concetti dei sistemi dinamici, teoria indispensabile per capire un sistema complesso come il cervello. Nel capitolo successivo, attraverso un approccio ‘bottom-up’, si illustrano sotto il profilo biologico le principali strutture del sistema nervoso, dal neurone alla corteccia cerebrale. Tutto ciò viene spiegato anche dal punto di vista dei sistemi dinamici, illustrando il pionieristico modello di Hodgkin-Huxley e poi il concetto di dinamica di popolazione. Dopo questa prima parte preliminare si entra nel dettaglio della simulazione. Prima di tutto si danno maggiori informazioni sul software The Virtual Brain, si definisce il modello di network del resting state utilizzato nella simulazione e si descrive il ‘connettoma’ adoperato. Successivamente vengono mostrati i risultati dell’analisi svolta sui dati ricavati, dai quali si mostra come la criticità e il rumore svolgano un ruolo chiave nell'emergenza di questa attività di fondo del cervello. Questi risultati vengono poi confrontati con le più importanti e recenti ricerche in questo ambito, le quali confermano i risultati del nostro lavoro. Infine, si riportano brevemente le conseguenze che porterebbe in campo medico e clinico una piena comprensione del fenomeno del resting state e la possibilità di virtualizzare l’attività cerebrale.

Ongoing spontaneous brain activity patterns raise ever-growing interest in the neuroscience community. Complex spatiotemporal patterns that emerge from a structural core and interactions of functional dynamics have been found to be far from arbitrary in empirical studies. They are thought to compose the network structure underlying human cognitive architecture. In this thesis, we use a biophysically realistic computer model to study key factors in producing complex spatiotemporal activation patterns. For the first time, we present a model of decreased physiological signal complexity in aging and demonstrate that delays shape functional connectivity in an oscillatory spiking-neuron network model for MEG resting-state data. Our results show that the inclusion of realistic delays maximizes model performance. Furthermore, we propose embracing a datadriven, comparative stance on decomposing the system into subnetworks.
Últimamente, el interés de la comunidad científica sobre los patrones de la continua actividad espontanea del cerebro ha ido en aumento. Complejos patrones espacio-temporales emergen a partir de interacciones de un núcleo estructural con dinámicas funcionales. Se ha encontrado que estos patrones no son aleatorios y que componen la red estructural en la que la arquitectura cognitiva humana se basa. En esta tesis usamos un modelo computacional detallado para estudiar los factores clave en producir los patrones emergentes. Por primera vez, presentamos un modelo simplificado de la actividad cerebral en envejecimiento. También demostramos que la inclusión del desfase de transmisión en un modelo para grabaciones magnetoencefalográficas del estado en reposo maximiza el rendimiento del modelo. Para ello, aplicamos un modelo con una red de neuronas pulsantes (’spiking-neurons’) y con dinámicas oscilatorias. Además, proponemos adoptar una posición comparativa basada en los datos para descomponer el sistema en subredes.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico
Optimization is a large area of knowledge concerned with the need of a better use of resources and activities, becoming indispensable in the solution of several problems which arise from the study and formulation of real-world problems. Furthermore, the constraints that must be respected for each situation introduce in the methodologies of optimization an additional complication. Differential Evolution, which in its original formulation is applied only to unconstrained optimization problems in continuous space, also provides good results when applied to constrained optimization with discrete and continuous variables. This work presents the necessary improvements to Differential Evolution for its proper application to this class of problems, and proposes a new combination of techniques for this application, as well as a mechanism for dynamic selection of the appropriate variant of the technique. The initial proposal is a combination of Differential Evolution with a technique of adaptive penalty (APM) and the second proposal concerns the dynamic selection of variants during the search process. Several computational experiments are carried out confirming the competitiveness of the proposed algorithms.
A otimização é uma grande área de conhecimento voltada para a necessidade de um melhor aproveitamento de recursos e atividades, tornando-se indispensável na resolução de grande parte dos problemas oriundos de estudos e formulações de problemas reais. Além disso, as restrições que devem ser respeitadas para cada situação introduzem nas metodologias de otimização um complicador adicional. A Evolução Diferencial, que em sua formulação original é aplicada somente a problemas de otimização irrestrita e em espaços contínuos, apresenta também bons resultados quando aplicada à otimização restrita com variáveis contínuas e discretas. Este trabalho apresenta os aperfeiçoamentos necessários à Evolução Diferencial para sua adequada aplicação sobre essa classe de problemas, além de propor uma nova combinação de técnicas para essa aplicação, bem como um mecanismo de seleção dinâmica da variante adequada da técnica. A proposta inicial é a combinação da Evolução Diferencial com uma técnica adaptativa de penalização (APM) e a segunda proposta visa a seleção dinâmica de variantes durante o processo de busca. Vários experimentos computacionais são executados confirmando a competitividade dos algoritmos propostos.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Científica e Tecnológica
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Com base na idéia de que as teorias modernas devam ser incorporadas ao conteúdo clássico no ensino de Física, este trabalho tem como objetivo a elaboração e análise de uma proposta para discutir tópicos da Teoria da Relatividade Restrita, com estudantes do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, a partir de conceitos da Mecânica. A avaliação da pertinência de estratégias didáticas para essa discussão, bem como a análise da evolução conceitual dos estudantes promovida pela mesma, são, dessa forma, os focos principais deste estudo. Partindo dos conceitos de referencial e tempo, normalmente negligenciados no ensino da Cinemática, uma seqüência didática, embasada na metodologia dos três momentos pedagógicos (DELIZOICOV e ANGOTTI, 1991), foi elaborada e testada em caráter exploratório. Os resultados do estudo piloto indicaram fatores potenciais para a reestruturação da proposta, a qual foi novamente aplicada, em outra turma, com um olhar mais aprimorado e consciente do pesquisador sobre a situação. A gravação das aulas em vídeo permitiu acompanhar o processo de ensino. O comportamento dos estudantes frente a situações de conflito confirmou o previsto pela teoria da equilibração de Piaget, e as discussões recortadas de episódios de ensino evidenciaram o papel dos mediadores na construção do conhecimento, fundamental segundo a teoria sócio-interacionista de Vygotsky. Em relação à concepção de aprendizagem, trabalhou-se em concordância com o modelo de Mortimer (1994), o qual defende que o ensino de ciências deva promover a evolução de um perfil conceitual, através da construção de novas áreas desse perfil e da tomada de consciência, pelo educando, do contexto onde cada área é aplicável. Dessa forma, pôde ser verificada, especificamente, a ampliação do perfil conceitual de tempo dos estudantes, promovida pela construção da noção relativística.

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O problema de interpolação de dados espalhados trivariados e não-negativos consiste em construir uma função contínua de três variáveis independentes, não-negativa, partindo de alguns dados conhecidos, irregularmente distribuídos. Muito se tem feito para dados bivariados e regulares, mas pouco para interpolação de dados trivariados espalhados e não-negativos, objetivo desse estudo. No entanto a necessidade de interpolação com essas características ocorre em muitas áreas diferentes do mundo real. Da medicina à economia, da engenharia à oceanografia, onde os dados são dispostos de forma aleatória, a interpolação de pontos irregularmente espaçados e trivariados é fundamental. Por exemplo, em meteorologia, medições meteorológicas estão disponíveis a partir de observações de estações posicionadas irregularmente. Este trabalho apresenta a construção de uma interpolante C1 trivariada de pontos espalhados, a qual é não negativa em todo lugar desde que os pontos a serem interpolados sejam não negativos. Cada tetraedro num domínio tetrangulado é dividido em quatro mini-tetraedros e a superfície interpolante sobre cada um deles é um tetraedro quártico de Bézier. Condições suficientes são derivadas para a não-negatividade desses tetraedros quárticos e elas são expressas como limites inferiores das ordenadas de controle de Bézier. Alguns exemplos gráficos são ilustrados e podemos verificar a eficiência do algoritmo proposto, pela sua localidade, evitando a dependência de dados distantes do interpolado, pela sua fácil implementação e finalmente, por atingir rapidamente o objetivo sugerido, uma superfície C1 e não-negativa

Comment une personne peut devenir debiteur des differentes obligations de restitution et comment elle peut s'en liberer la reponse a la premiere question necessite l'etude de la creation de multiples obligations de restitutions; ce qui demontrera que les obligations de restitution sont differentes non seulement par leur origine mais aussi par leur nature formant ainsi des differentes categories d'obligations de restitution. Des lors la seconde question et sa reponse relevant du regime juridique de l'obligation de restitution prennent une autre proportion en raison des differences qui separent ces obligations. Il est alors necessaire d'etudier le regime juridique de chacune de ces catego ries d'obligations de restitution pour pouvoir decouvrir que toutes les obligations de restitution sont des obligations conjonctives dont seule l'execution totale emporte la liberation du debiteur, l'execu tion qui peut etre demandee en justice, mais qui n'est que l'une des causes a cote d'autres de l'extinction de l'obligation de restitu tion et de la liberation du debiteur.

The human brain is an ongoing dynamic system not activated by experience but nudged from intrinsic activity into new network configurations during perception and learning. Ongoing neural activity during rest is assumed to reflect these intrinsic dynamics in a relatively closed system state. Traditionally, inter-regional connectivity in this system is measured by obtaining time-locked correlations in BOLD activity using fMRI. It is well documented, however, that neural activity unfolds across time and is not isolatent to some reference point.

This exploratory study is a theoretical analysis of how a lagged analysis of resting state dynamics in fMRI could represent persistent representations of knowledge in the neocortex. A novel procedure using both surface based maps and independent component analysis (ICA) is applied to a small group of 54 adolescents. The ICA methods appear to reveal lagged structures with different information than traditional resting state analysis. The group level results are symmetrical between hemispheres and may represent high level perceptual systems. 

The components obtained from this exploration are then used to attempt understand how these knowledge systems in neocortex frame mind-wandering frequency when reading aloud in a subset of 38 individuals. The results did not correlate with any known neural systems related to mind wandering, but the methods here are unique. One of the identified components shows significant difference in the lag structure of the occipital cortex as a function of mind wandering frequency during oral reading. This demonstrates that it may be worth exploring the timing in visual system to understand why individuals mind wander when reading aloud. Reverse inference is used to interpret results and suggest future approaches.

Abstract The concept of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is built onto an original finding in 1995 that brain hemispheres present synchronous signal fluctuations with distinct patterns. fMRI measurements rely on blood oxygenation changes that indirectly mirror neural activity. Therefore, the origin of functional connectivity patterns, resting state networks (RSNs), has been a widely debated research question and numerous contributing factors have been identified. According to current understanding the fluctuations reflect maintenance of the system integrity in addition to spontaneous thought and action processes in the resting state. A popular method to study the functional connectivity in resting state fMRI is spatial independent component analysis (ICA) that decomposes signal sources into statistically independent components. The dichotomy of functional specialization versus functional integration has a correspondence in fMRI studies where RSNs play the integrative viewpoint of brain function. Although canonical large-scale RSNs are broadly distributed they also express modularity that can be accomplished by ICA with a high number of estimated components. The characteristics of high ICA dimensionality are broadly investigated in the thesis. An enduring issue in resting state research has been the confounding noise sources like motion and cardiorespiratory processes which may hamper the analysis. In this thesis the ability of ICA to separate these noise sources from the default mode network, a major RSN, is studied. Additionally, the suitability of ICA for full frequency spectrum analysis, a relatively rare setting in biosignal analysis, is investigated. The results of the thesis support the viewpoint of ICA as a robust analysis method for functional connectivity analysis. Cardiorespiratory and motion induced noise did not confound the functional connectivity analyses with ICA. High dimensional ICA provided better signal source separation, revealed the modular structure of the RSNs and pinpointed the specific aberrations in the autism spectrum disorder population. ICA was also found applicable for fully explorative analysis in both the spatial and temporal domains and indicated functional connectivity changes induced by transcranial bright light stimulation
Tiivistelmä Konsepti lepotilan tutkimisesta toiminnallisella magneettikuvauksella (engl. functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) on rakentunut vuonna 1995 tehdylle löydökselle aivopuoliskojen välillä synkronisesta signaalivaihtelusta. Mittaukset perustuvat veren hapetuksen muutoksiin, jotka epäsuorasti heijastelevat hermostollista toimintaa. Tämän takia toiminnallisen kytkennällisyyden muodot, lepotilaverkostot, ovat olleet laajasti väitelty tutkimusaihe ja monia verkostoihin vaikuttavia tekijöitä onkin tunnistettu. Nykykäsityksen mukaan signaalivaihtelut lepotilassa heijastelevat järjestelmän yhtenäisyyden ylläpitoa spontaanin ajattelun ja toiminnan lisäksi. Suosittu menetelmä toiminnallisen kytkennällisyyden tutkimiseen lepotilan fMRI:ssä on spatiaalinen itsenäisten komponenttien analyysi (engl. independent component analysis, ICA), joka hajottaa signaalilähteet tilastollisesti itsenäisiin komponentteihin. Aivotoiminnan mallintamisessa kahtiajaolla toiminnalliseen erikoistumiseen ja toiminnalliseen integraatioon on vastaavuus fMRI-tutkimukseen, jossa lepotilaverkostot vastaavat toiminnallisen integraation näkökulmasta. Vaikka kanoniset lepotilaverkostot ovat laaja-alaisia, ne ovat toisaalta modulaarisia, jota voidaan tutkia tutkimalla korkean komponenttimäärän ICA-hajotelmaa. Korkea- dimensioisen ICA-hajotelman ominaisuuksia tutkitaan laajasti tässä väitöskirjassa. Kestoaihe lepotilatutkimuksessa on ollut analyysiä hankaloittavien kohinalähteiden kuten liikkeen ja kardiorespiratoristen prosessien vaikutus. Väitöskirjassa tutkitaan ICA:n kykyä erotella kohinalähteitä ’default mode’ -verkostosta, joka on merkittävin lepotilaverkosto. Lisäksi tutkitaan ICA:n soveltuvuutta täyden taajuuskaistan analysointiin, joka on verrattain harvinaista biosignaalien analyysissä. Väitöskirjan tulokset tukevat näkemystä ICA:n suorituskyvystä toiminnallisen kytkennällisyyden analyysissä. Kardiorespiratorinen ja liikkeestä lähtöisin oleva kohina ei häirinnyt merkittävästi ICA-tuloksia. Korkeadimensioinen ICA tarjosi paremman erottelun signaalilähteille, paljasti lepotilaverkostojen modulaarisen rakenteen ja määritti erityisen poikkeaman autismin kirjon oireyhtymän populaatiossa. ICA:n havaittiin olevan soveltuva täyseksploratiiviselle analyysille ajassa ja avaruudessa; tulos viittaa toiminnallisen kytkennällisyyden muutoksiin kallon läpäisevän kirkasvalostimulaation aikaansaamana

INTRODUÇÃO: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista tem incidência precoce e causas genéticas e ambientais multifatoriais. Gera disfunção no desenvolvimento da linguagem e da sociabilidade e um padrão de comportamento restrito e repetitivo. A formação e o desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso são afetados provocando impacto na arquitetura tecidual, desequilíbrio funcional entre os sistemas excitatórios e inibitórios, além de problemas na conectividade e consistência das redes neurais. O tratamento baseia-se em estimulação multiprofissional precoce e no uso de medicamentos que interferem na sintomatologia impactante do cotidiano. Os comportamentos restritos e repetitivos marcam o perfil funcional do paciente com Transtorno do Espectro Autista e podem interferir diretamente no desenvolvimento da linguagem e na sociabilidade. A mudança do espectro comportamental em razão do amadurecimento cognitivo não impede o desequilíbrio funcional nas atividades da vida diária. Existem indícios de que a função da flexibilidade cognitiva somada à capacidade para gerar novos conceitos e à velocidade de processamento das informações estão afetadas nesses pacientes e podem representar a base fisiopatológica dos Comportamentos Restritos e Repetitivos e suas repercussões no desenvolvimento desses indivíduos. O presente estudo visa avaliar os efeitos da facilitação da transmissão dos impulsos nervosos na função da flexibilidade cognitiva e no comportamento restrito e repetitivo dos pacientes com o diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista de alto funcionamento através da Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana de pulsos pareados no Córtex Pré Frontal Ventro Lateral (CPFVL) direito em sua porção antero inferior. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo experimental com procedimento sistematizado e intervencional realizado com 11 pacientes de 9 a 17 anos, pareados por um perfil cognitivo dentro dos limites da normalidade, que foram submetidos ao protocolo de estimulação com a técnica de \"Theta Burst\" em CPFVL antero inferior à direita em 15 sessões divididas em três semanas. Os pacientes foram testados antes e depois do procedimento. A avaliação da flexibilidade cognitiva, da capacidade de formação de novos conceitos e do tempo cognitivo foram realizada através dos testes Wisconsin Sort Card Test (WSCT) e STROOP, aplicados aos pacientes. Os Comportamentos Restritos e Repetitivos foram avaliados pelos instrumentos Repetitive Behavior Scale - Revised (RBS-r) e Escala de Pensamentos Obsessivos e Comportamentos Compulsivos de Yale Brown (YBOCS) por meio de questionários aplicados aos pais e cuidadores desses pacientes. RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se evidências de mudanças no padrão de inflexibilidade cognitiva, representada pelo WSCT, nos itens Erros Perserverativos (p=0,028) e na Formação de Nível Conceitual (p=0,022). A alteração demonstrada pela Formação de Nível Conceitual pelo WSCT e pelo Total de Tempo para realizar o STROOP test (p=0,001) representam mudança na velocidade de processamento de informações. Constatou-se melhora do Comportamento Restrito e Repetitivo tanto pelo RBS-r (p=0,002) quanto no YBOCS Total de Compulsões (p=0,02). Todas as classes mostraram mudanças significativas: Ordem Inferior (p=0,05), Ordem superior (p=0,028) e Insistência na Mesmice (p=0,014). Houve correlação entre as curvas que representam as mudanças ocorridas no RBS-r e na flexibilidade cognitiva, representada pelo item Respostas Perseverativas (r=0,049). Por se tratar de um piloto, o presente estudo permite o aprofundamento das pesquisas que relacionam esta forma de intervenção descrita ao tratamento do Comportamento Restrito e Repetitivo em pacientes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
INTRODUTION: The Autism Spectrum Disorder has an early incidence. It has genetic and environment multifactorial causes. Patients present language and social development disability and restricted and repetitive behavior. The maturation and development of the nervous system are damaged. Hence there is a disruption on the tissue architecture, functional imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory systems and connectivity and consistency of neural networks issues. The treatment is grounded on premature multiprofessional stimulation to improve cognition and the medication for mood instability, sleep problems, anxiety, hyperactivity and attention problems. The Restricted and Repetitive Behavior marks the functional profile of the Autism Spectrum Disorder and can hinder the communication and sociability development. The behavior changes with the cognitive maturation but does not prevent from the functional imbalance in daily activities. Evidence revel that the cognitive inflexibility added to the impairment to form new concepts and cognitive tempo can reflect the pathophysiology of these behaviors and its impact on development. The current study aims to valuate changes on cognitive flexibility and restricted and repetitive behavior after the facilitation of impulses through paired pulse Trascranial Magnetic Stimulation (EMT) on right anterior inferior Ventro Lateral Pre Frontal Cortex (VLPFC) in high function Autism Spectrum Disorder individuals. METHODS: It is an experimental study with systemic interventional procedure. Eleven subjects with nine to seventeen years old paired by normal cognitive profile were submitted to the protocol of Theta Burst stimulation on right anterior inferior VLPFC with fifteen sessions divided into three weeks. Subjects were tested before and after the procedure. They were tested for cognitive inflexibility, the ability to form new concepts and the cognitive tempo by the Wisconsin Sort Card (WSCT) test and STROOP test. The restricted and repetitive behaviors were evaluated by Restricted and Repetitive Behavior Scale revised (RBS-r) and Yale Brown Obsessive and Compulsive Scale applied for parents. RESULTS: Evidence of changes on cognitive inflexibility pattern were found items Perseverative Errors (p=0,028) and Conceptual level Response (p=0,022) of the WSCT test. Information processing speed changes were established by the Conceptual level Response of the WSCT and the Total Time to Finish the STROOP test (p=0,001). Improvement on restricted and repetitive behavior were found by changes on total score of RBS-r (p=0,002) and by YBOCS Total of Compulsions (p=0,02). There were changes on all aspects of the repetitive behaviors: Low-Order behavior (p=0,05), High-Order behavior (p=0,028) and Sameness behavior (0,014). Correlation were found between changing curves of cognitive inflexibility represented by Perseverative Response and total score of RBS-r (r=0,049). Since this is a pilot study, our data allows us to suggest that EMT-pp can be efficient for treating restricted and repetitive behavior on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Further controlled studies will be conducted to confirm this hypothesis

Spontaneous brain activity, measured under the absence of any overt task, has been investigated under the label of “resting state” for about 20 years with rising interest. While it was known since the beginnings of modern electrophysiology that the brain exhibits spontaneous fluctuations also during rest, the discovery, in 1995, that these fluctuations possess a robust spatio-temporal structure had a profound impact on how we understand and investigate brain activity. In this dissertation, we characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of resting state on a macroscopic level using fMRI recordings from humans and combining novel data analysis tools with theoretical models on the level of the whole brain. We demonstrate the presence of common patterns of functional connectivity, known as resting state networks (RSNs), that evolve in time in both empirical and model data. We show that spontaneous fluctuations and their statistics are determined by the structure of the brain network and its dynamics.
La actividad cerebral espontánea, o actividad de reposo, es aquella que uno puede registrar cuando el cerebro no está involucrado en ninguna tarea impuesta del exterior (tal como sería la presentación de un estímulo). El estudio de la actividad de reposo ha conocido un interés creciente durante los últimos 20 años. Si bien las fluctuaciones en la actividad de reposo eran conocidas desde los inicios de la electrofisiología moderna, el descubrimiento, en 1995, de que estas fluctuaciones muestran patrones espaciotemporales robustos ha tenido un impacto profundo en la manera de entender e investigar la actividad del cerebro. En esta disertación caracterizamos la dinámica espaciotemporal de la actividad de reposo a nivel macroscópico usando registros de fMRI en humanos y combinando nuevas herramientas de análisis y modelos teóricos del cerebro a gran escala. Observamos patrones comunes de conectividad funcional evolviendo en el tiempo tanto en los datos empíricos como en las simulaciones. Demostramos que las fluctuaciones de reposo y su estadística son determinadas por la estructura de la red cerebral y su dinámica.

Orientador: José Geraldo Pereira
Banca: Ricardo Antônio Mosna
Banca: Bruto Max Pimentel Escobar
Resumo: O espaço de De Sitter foi estudado pela primeira vez como a solução de vácuo da equação de Einstein com constante cosmológica. Tal visão dinâmica acerca deste espaço predomina entre os físicos ainda nos dias atuais. No entanto, do ponto de vista geométrico, o espaço de de Sitter, assim como Minkowski, é um espaço quociente. Isto significa que o espço de de Sitter pode ser construído independentemente de qualquer teoria gravitacional, sendo portanto mais fundamental do que a equação de Einstein. Consequentemente, torna-se possível construir uma relatividade especial baseada no grupo de de Sitter, que e o grupo cinemático do espaço de de Sitter. Tal teoria vem sendo proposta como generalização da relatividade restrita usual com o nome de relatividade de de Sitter. Nesta, o termo cosmológico é interpretado como uma entidade cinemática, constituindo-se num segundo parâmetro invariante, além da velocidade da luz. Pode-se entender tal modi cação da relatividade einsteniana como uma solução cinemática para o problema da "energia escura". No presente texto, pretendemos delinear as propriedades cinemáticas fundamentais de tal teoria em paralelo com as da relatividade restrita usual, baseada no grupo de Poincar
Abstract: The de Sitter space was rst studied as the vaccum solution of Einstein's eld equation with cosmological constant. This dynamical view of that space is still prevalent among physicists even today. Nevertheless, from the point of view of geometry, the de Sitter space, like Minkowski, is a quotient space. That means that de Sitter space may be built independently of any gravitational theory, being more fundamental than Einstein's equation. Consequently, it turns out possible to construct a special relativity based on the de Sitter group. Such theory has been proposed as a generalization of ordinary special relativity, being called de Sitter relativity. In this theory, the cosmological term is interpreted as a kinematical entity, constituting a second invariant parameter, in addition to the speed of light. Such modi cation of einstenian relativity may be understood as a kinematical solution to the \dark energy" problem. In the present text, we intend to outline the fundamental kinematical properties of such a de Sitter-invariant special relativity, in parallel to those of the ordinary Poincar e-invariant special relativity
Mestre

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) show a high degree of inter-subject variability in cognitive ability. Elucidating factors associated with variability in cognitive function can inform us about intellectual disability severity and potentially provide biomarkers of ability for clinical trials targeting cognition in individuals with DS (including trials aimed at preventing cognitive decline). Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to obtain information about neural factors that may be underlying variability in cognitive function. This thesis uses eyes-open (EO; n=48) and eyes-closed (EC; n=36) resting-state EEG paradigms in adults with DS free from detectable signs of cognitive decline or dementia to identify EEG measures associated with general cognitive ability, and to investigate age-related changes in EEG activity in this population. Oscillations of interest were then modelled using dynamic causal modelling (DCM) to identify potential neurophysiological mechanisms underlying individual differences in general cognitive ability. Initial analysis suggested that individuals with DS have an overall slower EC EEG spectrum (and particularly strong differences in alpha activity) compared to typically-developing age-matched control subjects (open source control dataset used). Within individuals with DS, increasing age was associated with EEG changes in both paradigms. When controlling for age, higher general cognitive ability was associated with higher delta power (EO only), higher theta power (EC only), and higher alpha peak amplitude (EC only). Modelling the theta-alpha network identified “intrinsic self-inhibition” as the most important neurophysiological parameter underlying the relationship between theta-alpha activity and general cognitive ability in this sample. Further analysis revealed a strong inverse relationship between occipital intrinsic self-inhibition and general cognitive ability. Findings of this thesis enhance our understanding of neural factors associated with individual differences in general cognitive ability in adults with DS, provide a potential biomarker of ability for clinical trials, and indicate potential targets for cognitive enhancement in this population. The finding that increased inhibition may be associated with cognitive impairment in this population is in keeping with animal model literature and warrants further investigation.

Alcohol dependence is a global societal problem, yet current avenues for its treatment are largely ineffective in slowing its chronic-relapsing trajectory. Animal studies of alcohol dependence have described neuroadaptations in the amygdala that may play a central role in mechanisms of relapse. In this thesis, spontaneous amygdala network function was examined in abstinent alcohol dependent patients (ADP) using functional magnetic resonance imaging within the framework of a multi-site neuroimaging platform: ICCAM. Participants underwent five scans that included baseline, as well as scans under placebo, acute antagonism of μ-opioid, Dopamine D3 (DRD3) and Neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor systems previously implicated in mechanisms of addiction. At baseline, amygdala – substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) was elevated in abstinent ADP, despite widespread grey-matter (GM) volumetric atrophy, in both amygdala and SN/VTA, compared with age-matched healthy controls (HC). The strength of amygdala – SN/VTA RSFC in ADP was primarily associated with years of cumulative alcohol exposure, but not with amygdala or SN/VTA GM volume, length of abstinence, smoking status, or head motion. Amygdala RSFC with other regions showed sensitivity to core clinical features of ADP at baseline. Amygdala – frontoparietal (FPN) RSFC was inversely associated with abstinence length, with ADP in the first two months of abstinence showing significantly reduced amygdala – FPN RSFC compared with HC. Voxelwise comparison of amygdala RSFC between each drug session and placebo, did not reveal differential effects of receptor blockade on ADP and HC. Across both groups, however, the three drugs exhibited both overlapping and differential effects on distinct brain networks. Notably, amygdala RSFC in the superior temporal gyrus showed increases under NK1-antagonism, and decreases under naltrexone compared with placebo. Finally, amygdala – SN/VTA was significantly elevated in ADP relative to HC across all four sessions, suggesting that it may represent a stable neurophysiological feature of alcohol dependence.

Orientadores: Rafael Santos Mendes, Paulo Augusto Valente Ferreira
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para o projeto de controladores robustos com relação a incertezas paramétricas do processo. O método utiliza a alocação de pólos em malha fechada numa região pré-definida do plano complexo. Para o caso em que os coeficientes do polinômio característico de malha fechada são funções lineares dos parâmetros do processo, derivam-se domínios de busca limitados, no espaço de parâmetros do controlador, contendo o conjunto de controladores factíveis para o problema. Estes domínios de busca são definidos por restrições lineares, no caso em que a região de alocação é conexa, ou então por restrições quadráticas, quando a região de alocação é dada por um conjunto de círculos disjuntos no plano complexo. ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: This thesis presents a methodology for designing controllers that are robust with respect to parametric plant uncetainties using a stochatisc global search technique. Genetic algorithms (GAs), as the optimization tool. We adopt a pole placement approach, considering linear systems and linear interval uncertainties, provided that the characteristic polynomial coefficients are affine functions os plant parameters. With repect to the alocation region, we treat two different cases. The first case is concerned with a connected region in the complex plane, while the second one considers circular disjoint regions for the poles. In each case, a set of necessary conditions is derived, defining a bounded domain in the controller parameters space, which is used by a constraint handling GA in the optimization of the system robustness. ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O espaço de De Sitter foi estudado pela primeira vez como a solução de vácuo da equação de Einstein com constante cosmológica. Tal visão dinâmica acerca deste espaço predomina entre os físicos ainda nos dias atuais. No entanto, do ponto de vista geométrico, o espaço de de Sitter, assim como Minkowski, é um espaço quociente. Isto significa que o espço de de Sitter pode ser construído independentemente de qualquer teoria gravitacional, sendo portanto mais fundamental do que a equação de Einstein. Consequentemente, torna-se possível construir uma relatividade especial baseada no grupo de de Sitter, que e o grupo cinemático do espaço de de Sitter. Tal teoria vem sendo proposta como generalização da relatividade restrita usual com o nome de relatividade de de Sitter. Nesta, o termo cosmológico é interpretado como uma entidade cinemática, constituindo-se num segundo parâmetro invariante, além da velocidade da luz. Pode-se entender tal modi cação da relatividade einsteniana como uma solução cinemática para o problema da energia escura. No presente texto, pretendemos delinear as propriedades cinemáticas fundamentais de tal teoria em paralelo com as da relatividade restrita usual, baseada no grupo de Poincar
The de Sitter space was rst studied as the vaccum solution of Einstein's eld equation with cosmological constant. This dynamical view of that space is still prevalent among physicists even today. Nevertheless, from the point of view of geometry, the de Sitter space, like Minkowski, is a quotient space. That means that de Sitter space may be built independently of any gravitational theory, being more fundamental than Einstein's equation. Consequently, it turns out possible to construct a special relativity based on the de Sitter group. Such theory has been proposed as a generalization of ordinary special relativity, being called de Sitter relativity. In this theory, the cosmological term is interpreted as a kinematical entity, constituting a second invariant parameter, in addition to the speed of light. Such modi cation of einstenian relativity may be understood as a kinematical solution to the \dark energy problem. In the present text, we intend to outline the fundamental kinematical properties of such a de Sitter-invariant special relativity, in parallel to those of the ordinary Poincar e-invariant special relativity

The accurate measurement of total energy expenditure is a cornerstone of metabolic research. However, there is a lack of measurement methods that are valid, objective, inexpensive, and easy to use. Accelerometry, along with validated prediction equations for resting energy requirements, may provide an opportunity to fill this void. Twenty weight stable adults (12 female, 8 male) who recently participated in a controlled feeding study comprised the study sample. Total energy requirements were assessed from the controlled feeding period in which weight stability was achieved using the intake-balance method. Resting energy expenditure was assessed using the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. Participants wore accelerometers to objectively assess habitual physical activity. The accelerometer data obtained along with subjects' demographic and biometric data were used to predict non-resting energy expenditure (NREE) using step-wise linear regression in JMP. Bland-Altman plots and Spearman's Rho correlations were used to determine the validity of the total energy requirements obtained from the sum of the predicted non-resting energy expenditure. Estimated resting energy expenditure was compared with the total energy requirements assessed using the intake-balance method from the controlled feeding period. The resulting prediction equation is as follows: 480.93 – 180.69(sex) + 0.21(Accelerometer kcals) + 617.98(BF%) = AEE. The sex was coded as 1 for females and 0 for males. This prediction model has a coefficient of determination of 0.74 (0.70 adjusted). On average, the model overestimates AEE by 76 kcals. This new model could be the key to accurately, inexpensively and objectively measuring total energy requirements.
Master of Science
Accurate measurement of the total amount of energy (i.e. calories) utilized by the body throughout the day, also known as total energy expenditure, is a vital component of metabolic research. However, there is a lack of measurement methods that are valid, objective, inexpensive, and easy to use. Accelerometers combined with equations designed to predict total energy expenditure may be able to fill this gap. Accelerometers are devices worn on the body that measure accelerative forces from physical activity. Twenty weight stable adults (12 female, 8 male), who recently participated in a study in which all dietary intake and exercise were closely monitored (controlled feeding study), comprised the study sample. The amount of energy needed to maintain weight (total energy requirements) was assessed from the controlled feeding period in which weight stability was achieved. Resting energy expenditure, the energy burned while the body is at rest, was assessed using an equation often used to estimate energy expenditure, the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. Participants wore accelerometers to objectively assess habitual physical activity. The accelerometer data obtained along with subjects’ demographic (age, sex) and biometric (height, weight, BMI, etc.) data were used to predict non-resting energy expenditure (resting energy expenditure subtracted from total energy expenditure). Multiple statistical tests were used to determine the validity of the total energy requirements obtained from the sum of the predicted non-resting energy expenditure (NREE) and resting energy expenditure. Estimated resting energy expenditure was compared with the total energy requirements assessed using the intake-balance method from the controlled feeding period. The resulting prediction equation is as follows: 480.93 – 180.69(sex) + 0.21(Accelerometer kcals) + 617.98(BF%) = NREE. The sex was coded as 1 for females and 0 for males. This prediction model has a coefficient of determination of 0.74 (0.70 adjusted), which means 70% of the variation in non-resting energy expenditure was explained by changes in the variables in the equation. On average, the model overestimates NREE by 76 Calories per day. This new model could be the key to accurately, inexpensively and objectively measuring total energy requirements.

Resting T lymphocytes are uniquely resistant to VSV even at high multiplicities of infection but they can be rendered fully permissive for VSV replication following in-vitro activation with monoclonal anti-CD3 and PMA with ionomycin. The block to VSV replication is at the level of viral RNA production and is independent of transcription following infection. T lymphocytes must be activated before infection for at least 24 hours to be rendered susceptible to VSV and transcription is an absolute requirement during this process. Fusion of resting and activated T cells results in a resistant cell indicating that the resistant state is dominant. Resting T cells do not produce interferon (IFN) alpha or beta in response to VSV infection whereas activated T cells produce both but have a down modulated response to the antiviral activity of type I IFNs. Gene expression array analysis demonstrates that the interferon response factors, IRF-4 and IRF-8, are up regulated during activation and a number of interferon stimulating genes (ISG), including ISG20, MxA and GBP-1 are down regulated during activation. IRF-4 and IRF-8 have both been described to bind to and inhibit transactivation from the interferon stimulated response elements (ISRE) in the promoters of a number of ISGs and this could explain the down modulated antiviral response to type I IFNs in activated T cells. The IFN-independent constitutive expression of these ISGs in resting T cells is a possible mechanism for their unique resistance to VSV replication.

Trafikstockning är ett vanligt förekommande problem i storstäder och för med sig förseningar och extra kostnader för transportföretag. Vehicle Routing Problem är ett kombinatoriskt optimeringsproblem som ämnar hitta lägsta kostnaden att besöka en mängd kunder med flera fordon. Här beskrivs ett sätt att använda och förbättra ruttplanering i Stockholm med Vehicle Routing Problem och OptaPlanner genom att införa tidsberoende restider. Modeller till Vehicle Routing Problem har skapats där kostnaden mellan kunderna kvantifierades genom att mäta distans fågelvägen, fasta restider inom trafiknätet och tidsberoende restider i trafiknätet. Jämförelser visade en tydlig förbättring hos modellerna som utgick från trafiknätet, jämfört med sträckan fågelvägen. Modellen med tidsberoende restider visade en marginell förbättring gentemot den fasta restider. Denna relativt lilla förbättring kan förklaras genom de heuristiker som har använts.
Traffic congestion is a common problem in urban areas, which results in delays and increased costs for transport companies. Vehicle routing problem is a combinatorial optimization problem intending to find the lowest cost to visit multiple clients with a fleet of vehicles. This report describes how route planning in Stockholm can be improved by optimizing the Vehicle Routing Problem using OptaPlanner by introducing time-dependent travel times. Models for the Vehicle Routing Problem have been created where the cost is quantified by calculating the distance by a straight line, fixed travel times in the traffic network and time-dependent travel times in the traffic network. Results showed a clear improvement of the models that used costs based on the traffic network, as compared to the model where the distance is measured by a straight line. The model with time-dependent travel times showed a marginal improvement over the fixed travel times. The rather small improvement may be due to the heuristics that have been used.

Ett monument hyser samhällets kollektiva värderingar och ideal. I denna studie undersöks hur olika aktörer tillskriver betydelser till det kontroversiella svenska veteranmonumentet Restare i texter. För att studera hur dessa centrala aktörer, som är inblandade i resandet av monumentet rättfärdigar eller kritiserar monumentet används en legitimeringsanalys. Resultatet visar att olika legitimeringsstrategier används av de olika aktörerna, som pekar på att olika aktörer förstår veteranmonument olika. Dessutom visar resultatet att Sveriges institutioner är avståndstagande till diskurser som krig och veteraner, vilket möjligtvis är en av anledningarna till att militära veteraner kritiserar Restare. Studien ansluter även till tidigare forskning som visar att abstrakta monument har svårt att förmedla sitt tänkta budskap till en bred mottagarmassa.

The purpose of this grant proposal was to create and fund a creative arts program, which includes art, music, and dance/movement therapy program as an alternative and therapeutic approach for girls that have been sexually abused. Families Uniting Families in Long Beach, California will host this program in addition to the other programs that are provided by this agency.

After a review of the historical background and a review of the literature that clearly defined the negative impact that this type of abuse has on girls, the grant writer created and proposed a creative arts therapy program. The grant writer researched various funding sources and chose the Ralph M. Parsons Foundation due to their continuous and generous support for human health services.

Actual submission and funding of the grant was not required for the successful completion of this project.

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Anna Simons. "."December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-68). Also available in print.

Purpose: An experimental study to examine the effects of CardioWaves interval training (IT) and continuous training (CT) on resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, and mind-body wellness. Methods: Fifty-two normotensive (blood pressure <120/80 mmHg), pre-hypertensive (120-139/80-89 mmHg), and hypertensive (>140/90 mmHg) participants were randomly assigned and equally divided between the IT and CT groups. Both groups participated in the assigned exercise protocol thirty minutes per day, four days per week for eight weeks. Resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, and mind-body wellness were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results: A total of 47 participants (15 females and 32 males) were included in the analysis. The IT group had a non-significant trend of reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) and increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) while the CT group had a statistically significant decrease in awake SBP (p=0.01) and total SBP (p=0.01) and a non-significant decrease in DBP. With both groups combined, the female participants had a statistically significant decrease in awake SBP (p=0.002), asleep SBP (p=0.01), total SBP (p=0.003), awake DBP (p=0.02), and total DBP (p=0.05). The male participants had an increase in SBP and DBP with total DBP showing a statistically significant increase (p=0.05). Neither group had consistent change in resting heart rate. Both groups showed improved mind-body wellness. Conclusion: IT and CT reduced resting blood pressure, with CT having a greater effect. Resting heart rate did not change in either group. Additionally, both IT and CT improved mind-body wellness.

Os sistemas baseados em redes neurais artificiais e algoritmos genéticos oferecem um método alternativo para solucionar problemas relacionados à otimização de sistemas. Os algoritmos genéticos devem a sua popularidade à possibilidade de percorrer espaços de busca não-lineares e extensos. As redes neurais artificiais possuem altas taxas de processamento por utilizarem um número elevado de elementos processadores simples com alta conectividade entre si. Redes neurais com conexões realimentadas fornecem um modelo computacional capaz de resolver vários tipos de problemas de otimização, os quais consistem, geralmente, da otimização de uma função objetivo que pode estar sujeita ou não a um conjunto de restrições. Esta tese apresenta uma abordagem inovadora para resolver problemas de otimização não-linear restrita utilizando uma arquitetura neuro-genética. Mais especificamente, uma rede neural de Hopfield modificada é associada a um algoritmo genético visando garantir a convergência da rede em direção aos pontos de equilíbrio factíveis que representam as soluções para o problema de otimização não-linear restrita.
Systems based on artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms are an alternative method for solving systems optimization problems. The genetic algorithms must its popularity to make possible cover nonlinear and extensive search spaces. Artificial neural networks have high processing rates due to the use of a massive number of simple processing elements and the high degree of connectivity between these elements. Neural networks with feedback connections provide a computing model capable of solving a large class of optimization problems, which refer to optimization of an objective function that can be subject to constraints. This thesis presents a novel approach for solving constrained nonlinear optimization problems using a neuro-genetic approach. More specifically, a modified Hopfield neural network is associated with a genetic algorithm in order to guarantee the convergence of the network to the equilibrium points, which represent feasible solutions for the constraint nonlinear optimization problem.

Efetuamos uma aproximação (nem tanto exaustiva, mas buscando certos fundamentos e dissensões em cada caso) entre a enorme produção da sociologia francesa sobre o tema juventude e o aumento mais recente dos debates e publicações nesse domínio de pesquisa no Brasil. Muitas questões adensaram-se diante de nós, o que contribuiu para delinearmos o passo seguinte da investigação: o fortalecimento de um paradigma individualista em segmentos da sociologia, significativamente atrelado às manifestações juvenis contemporâneas. A partir de dois estudos de caso realizados no estado de Goiás, com vinte jovens de classes populares, destacamos, contudo, que, em se tratanto de sociedades mais hierarquizadas, como a brasilera, cujos processos históricos mais específicos forjaram, nos meandros da lei, das instituições e das percepções sociais, uma modalidade específica de indivíduo, o indivíduo restrito, pautada em um conceito igualmente estreito de cidadania, é necessário ponderar os problemas e as dificuldades de se limitar a análise sociológica aos artefatos subjetivos, sob o risco de se perder de vista a interdependência imanente entre o todo e as partes. Para isso, concentramos a reflexão nas vicissitudes do mercado de trabalho, seus antigos e novos percalços, sua configuração mais recente em cada contexto. Essa dimensão, central quando se trata das novas gerações, expõe mais diretamente os conflitos sociais prementes, forçando outras considerações sobre as trajetórias biográficas, opiniões, experiências e percepções individuais. Por essa via, pensamos ser possível, então, expor os nexos entre os inúmeros indivíduos, com vistas a compreender e a problematizar a intricada paisagem encoberta pela reclusão analítica nas unidades sociais.
We approach (not so exhaustively, but looking for some fundations and divisions in each case) the massive production of French sociology on \"youth\" and the latest increase of debates and publications in this field of research in Brazil. Many questions thickened in front of us, which helped to shape the next step of the research: the strengthening of an \"individualistic\" paradigm in segments of sociology significantly linked to juvenile contemporary manifestations. From two case studies conducted in the state of Goiás, with twenty young people from lower social classes, we emphasize, however, that it is necessary to consider the problems and the difficulties in limiting the sociological analysis to the subjective artifacts, at the risk of losing sight of the inherent interdependence between \"whole\" and \"parts\". And this especially for the case of more hierarchical societies, such as Brazil, which forged in its specific historical processes (demonstrated by the intricacies of the law, institutions and social perceptions) a kind of \"individual\", the individual restricted, according to an equally strict concept of \"citizenship\". For this, we focus the discussion on the vicissitudes of the labor market, its ancient and new obstacles and its latest configuration in each context. This dimension (central in dealing with new generations) reveals more directly the main social conflicts, forcing further considerations on the biographical trajectories, opinions, experiences and individual perceptions. In this way, we can then expose the nexus among individuals, in order to understand and discuss the intricate landscape shrouded by imprisonment in the analysis of social units.

Uma placa de dimensões (L,W) deve ser cortada para produzir m peças de dimensões (li, wi), às quais estão associados valores de utilidade vi e um limite máximo bi (problema restrito), i =1,...,m. Os cortes são do tipo guilhotinado e limitados a 2-estágios. O problema consiste em maximizar o valor de utilidade total. Neste trabalho estendemos a abordagem clássica de Glmore e Gomory para problemas irrestritos, onde apresentamos um modelo matemático de otimização inteira não-linear, e propomos métodos de solução baseados na relaxação lagrangeana e heurísticas. Resultados computacionais são apresentados ao final.
Consider a plate of dimensions (L,W) to be cut in order to produce m pieces of dimensions (li, wi), to which are associated utility values vi and upper bounds bi (constraint problem), i = 1,..., m. The cuts are guillotine typed and limited by 2-stages. The problem consists of maximizing the total utilþ value. In this work we extend the classical approach of Gilmore and Gomory for unconstrained problems, through modeling the problem as a nonlinear integer progftùme, for which we devise a lagrangean method and heuristics. Finally, computational experiments are presented.

Neste trabalho são apresentadas as equações do movimento de dois corpos orbitando um ao redor do outro com o centro de massa deste sistema orbitando ao redor de um corpo primário com massa muito maior do que a massa de cada um deles. Considera-se a perturbação de um quarto corpo que também orbita ao redor do primário. Utilizando polinômios de Legendre obtêm-se, em termos de elementos keplerianos, a função perturbadora relativa à perturbação dos corpos massivos sobre os corpos menores. A função perturbadora é substituída no sistema de Equações de Lagrange, que é integrado considerando apenas a parte secular; são analisadas as Equações de Lagrange para um hipotético sistema de asteróides binários.

Astrocytes form gap-junction coupled networks and their fine processes cover many synapses enabling astrocytes to powerfully modulate synapse function. Such modulation is thought to involve Ca2+ -dependent release of signalling molecules from astrocytes. However, astrocyte Ca2+ signalling and its role in synaptic physiology remains a matter of debate. An incomplete and mostly qualitative understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of intracellular Ca2+ signalling in astrocytes could be a knowledge-limiting factor. Previous studies predict that astrocyte resting [Ca2+] profoundly affects astrocyte Ca2+ signalling, especially IP3 and store-dependent Ca2+ transients. I therefore quantitatively investigated the role of resting [Ca2+] in shaping spontaneous and evoked Ca2+ transients in astrocytes. I used two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and whole-cell patch clamp to document Ca2+ signalling of individual passive astrocytes in the CA1 stratum radiatum of acute hippocampal slices in young adult rat. I used fluorescence lifetime imaging to obtain a quantitative readout of astrocyte [Ca2+] and reveal the relationship between resting [Ca2+] and Ca2+ transients. I combined these techniques with UV-uncaging of Ca2+ or Ca2+ buffer to manipulate the astrocyte resting [Ca2+] to further investigate its effect on Ca2+ signalling. Using these methods, we have found that low resting [Ca2+] were associated with smaller amplitudes of spontaneous Ca2+ transients. This was also true for metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (DHPG) evoked Ca2+ transients when different cells or regions of interest of the same cell were compared. The well-established increase of most IP3 receptors’ open probability at higher cytosolic [Ca2+] could explain this observation. In contrast, changes of resting [Ca2+] within a single astrocyte region were associated with inverse changes in amplitude of evoked Ca2+ transients. The DHPG-induced equilibration of [Ca2+] across cytosol and store compartments could be a potential explanation for this effect. Thus, resting [Ca2+] could shape the amplitude of astrocyte Ca2+ transients by at least two distinct mechanisms.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2014.
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A escola não tem conseguido promover o conhecimento e o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências necessárias para a atuação consciente do aluno no mundo que o cerca. O mundo atual é significativamente diferente daquele encontrado há algumas décadas atrás. A Física Moderna e Contemporânea têm penetrado a sociedade através das tecnologias e da mídia, e os alunos participam dessa nova realidade, seja usufruindo as comodidades tecnológicas, ou se deparando com nomes e figuras emblemáticas da ciência. Na área do ensino de Física, esse panorama demonstra a necessidade de atualização curricular. As diretrizes gerais contidas na LDB/96 para a reformulação da educação brasileira exigem discussão e reflexão sobre o papel da escola e, em particular, dos pesquisadores em ensino de física, um aprofundamento dos significados de aprendizagem em ciências, em todos os níveis de ensino. A Física Moderna e Contemporânea comporta dois grandes blocos: a Teoria da Relatividade e a Mecânica Quântica. Este trabalho propõe a inserção da Teoria da Relatividade Restrita no Ensino Médio. Essa opção se fundamenta em três aspectos básicos: a mudança de padrão de raciocínio e interpretação da realidade aliada à abstração e sofisticação do pensamento, graças à concepção de tempo como uma quarta dimensão; a possibilidade dessa teoria servir de porta de entrada para outros tópicos da Física Moderna e Contemporânea e, finalmente, pela necessidade de abordagem de um tema tão presente na sociedade através da divulgação científica. Por muito tempo as relações existentes entre sociedade e sistema didático - entendido até então como sendo composto pelo professor e pelo aluno, e até mesmo pelo interior deste último - eram extremamente difíceis de serem analisadas. Consequentemente, era também difícil superar os conflitos aí existentes, na medida em que ambos eram compostos exclusivamente por pessoas. Desta forma, o fato do ser humano ser falho, possuir imperfeições, refletia nas atitudes e na realidade desses dois domínios. O ensino estava completamente vulnerável ao livre-arbítrio daqueles que o compunham e/ou influenciavam. O que faltava, para que o funcionamento dessas relações fosse melhor compreendido, era um elemento até então tido como alheio ao processo: o saber. O sistema que até então era composto apenas por dois elementos, passou a incorporar um terceiro. Na década de 1980, surgiu uma ferramenta capaz de descrever e analisar o percurso que o saber sábio, construído e desenvolvido no âmbito da comunidade científica, realiza ao ser transposto em saber ensinar, presente nos programas e livros didáticos, até se tornar saber ensinado, que é comunicado na sala de aula pelo professor. O nome dado a essa ferramenta foi Transposição Didática. Utilizando a Transposição Didática, foram analisados diversos materiais que comunicam a Teoria da Relatividade Restrita, a saber: os três livros mais adotados pelas universidades brasileiras, dois livros do Ensino Médio, artigos publicados da revista de divulgação científica Superinteressante, e hipertextos das enciclopédias digitais Encarta e Barsa.Para que uma proposta de Inserção da Teoria da Relatividade Restrita fosse elaborada, artigos de pesquisa que apresentam formas de ensino desse tema na graduação foram investigados. As propostas em número de 10 são dos mais variados tipos. Elas se diferenciam na forma, na profundidade, no público alvo, consequentes das diferentes concepções sobre o ensino de Física e seu papel. Embora existam várias classes de proposições, separamo-las em dois grandes blocos: o primeiro denominado "estórico-experimental" e o segundo "filosófico-cognitivo".A abordagem estórico-experimental abrange propostas de ensino cuja metodologia está centrada em uma estória da física que evidencie a transição do clássico para o relativístico e/ou experimentos responsáveis pelo surgimento da teoria einsteniana. O grupo filosófico-cognitivo enfatiza o tratamento conceitual e filosófico da Relatividade no lugar da intensa abordagem matemático-experimental. Em alguns casos, a história é utilizada na contextualização e no entendimento dos processos de ruptura que ocorreram na comunidade científica quando o surgimento da teoria einsteniana se deu. Dentre todas as propostas analisadas, a abordagem filosófico-cognitivo de Angotti et all(1978) foi a que demonstrou maior concordância com os objetivos desse trabalho, por ser pouco extenso, possuiu objetivos de conteúdo e atitude, utilizar vários recursos instrucionais e demonstrar boa eficácia quanto ao aprendizado. As unidades desse módulo são (com a estimativa do número de horas/aulas especificada em parênteses): (i) dinâmica relativística (4); (ii) medida de tempo e espaço (3); (iii) simultaneidade (3); (iv) Transformações de Lorentz (opcional) (4), (v) Revisão histórica e síntese (3).A proposta apresentada nesse trabalho, quando comparada à de ANGOTTI et all, utiliza de forma mais estendida a história da física, no intuito de integrar o aluno ao problema apresentado.Optou-se ainda por inserir um pequeno módulo em cada ano do Ensino Médio, no lugar de um grande módulo único. Cada um deles aborda um pilar fundamental da Relatividade, a saber: (a) as concepções de espaço e tempo relativísticas; (b) as questões relativas ao éter e campo e, (c) as simetrias das leis físicas, em especial no eletromagnetismo. Essa tríade possui todos os elementos essenciais da teoria de Einstein. Na primeira, os conceitos relativísticos de espaço e tempo contrastam com a visão clássica. O próprio Einstein afirma que sua teoria é decorrente de uma prática incomum: o de questionar esses conceitos quando adulto, uma vez que as pessoas geralmente os aprendem enquanto criança de forma intuitiva e os tomam como ponto pacífico ao longo da vida. O segundo aspecto da relatividade aborda um tema muito antigo na história da Física: a presença ou não de matéria no espaço. A existência do vácuo total no espaço foi largamente discutida ao longo dos séculos. É de nosso interesse mostrar que o éter sempre foi uma tentativa de negação do vácuo, pois "algo" deveria dar suporte aos fenômenos óticos e eletromagnéticos. Finalmente, o terceiro ponto fundamental discute sobre as simetrias presentes nas teorias, responsáveis pela coerência, pela perfeição intrínseca das leis que devem reger a natureza. A Teoria da Relatividade além de ser uma teoria de princípio, o que reforça esse aspecto, foi pensada à partir de assimetrias existentes na teoria clássica. Cada módulo possui peculiaridades, no entanto, todos eles seguem cinco etapas coerentes com o ciclo concreto-abstrato-concreto. Parte-se sempre de uma situação historicamente contextualizada (concreto), que deve ser discutida no plano das ideias (abstrato), mas que possui reflexos diretos na vida do aluno (concreto). A Teoria da Relatividade ocupa hoje, um espaço de transição entre o novo e o estável dentro do Ensino Médio. A nível universitário, esse processo já está mais avançado. Percebe-se um número crescente dos livros universitários que hoje trazem o assunto dentro de sua estrutura principal de conteúdos. À medida em que isso vêm se processando, a teoria de Einstein têm assumido um caráter similar ao restante dos conteúdos já estáveis nos livros. Esse fato nos serve de alerta se quisermos modificar realmente a abordagem aplicada ao Ensino Médio. A Teoria da Relatividade possui elementos suficientes para que tomemos qualquer um dos dois caminhos possíveis, isto é, disponibiliza ferramentas matemáticas e experimentos suficientes para uma abordagem estórico-experimental, assim como, possibilita uma reflexão sobre conceitos fundamentais da Física se tratada nos moldes filosófico-cognitivos. Os pesquisadores na área de ensino possuem um posicionamento geral bem claro diante da perspectiva do Ensino Médio, buscando a formação de um indivíduo autônomo, capaz de interpretar e atuar no mundo que o cerca. Esta também é a nossa intenção.

Abstract : Nowadays, school alone has not been able to promote the needed knowledge and the development of abilities and competences for students to act consciously with the world around them. The present world is significantly different from the one that existed a few decades ago. Modern and Contemporary Physics have been entering society via technologies and the media, and students take part in this new reality, either by enjoying the technological facilities, or by coming across with names and emblematic figures of science. This scenario shows the need to update the curriculum in the area of Physics teaching. The general guidelines under LDB/96 (Education Guidelines and Basis Law) for the reformulation of the Brazilian education, demanded discussions and reflections about the role of the school and, in particular, of the researchers in physics teaching towards a deeper meaning of learning science, at all levels of education. Modern and Contemporary Physics are comprised by two main blocks: the Theory of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. This paper proposes the insertion of the Special Relativity Theory in High School. This option is based upon three basic aspects: the changing pattern of reasoning and interpretation of reality combined with abstraction and refinement of thought, thanks to the conception of time as a fourth dimension; the possibility of this theory to serve as a gateway to other modern and Contemporary Physics topics and, finally, the need to approach a subject that is rather present in society through scientific dissemination. For a rather long time the existing relationships between society and the educational system - up to then understood as being composed by the teacher and the student, and even the interior of the latter - were extremely difficult to analyze. Consequently, it was also difficult to overcome the existing conflicts therein, as both were composed exclusively by people. The fact that humans are flawed, with imperfections, therefore reflected in the attitudes and in the reality of these two domains. Teaching was completely vulnerable to the free will of those who composed and/or influenced it. The missing element, until then unrecognized to the process, which was lacking in order for these relationships to be better understood was: knowledge. A third element was thus incorporated into the system, which until then was composed solely by these two elements. A tool emerged during the 80's, which was able to describe and analyze the wise knowledge pathway, built and developed within the scientific community, accomplished by being transposed in knowing how to teach, present in education programs and textbooks, until it became the taught knowledge, which is communicated in the classroom by the teacher. The name given for this tool was Didactic Transposition. Using the Didactic Transposition, several materials, which inform the Theory of Special Relativity were analyzed, namely: the three most adopted books by the Brazilian universities, two High School books, articles published in the scientific magazine "Superinteressante" and hypertexts of "Encarta" and "Barsa" digital encyclopedias. In order for the proposed Insertion of the Theory of Special Relativity to be developed, research papers presenting education forms of this theme at graduation levels were investigated. Proposals in numbers of 10 are of the most varied kinds. They differ in shape, in depth and in the target audience, resulting from different conceptions about Physics teaching and its role. Although there are several classes of propositions, we have separated them into two main blocks: the first named "historic-experimental" and the second one "philosophical-cognitive". The historical-experimental approach encompasses the education proposal whose methodology is centered on a history of physics demonstrating the transition from classical to relativistic and/or experiments responsible for the Einstein's theory to emerge. The philosophical-cognitive group emphasizes the conceptual and philosophical treatment of Relativity instead of the intense mathematical-experimental approach. In some cases, history is used towards the context and understanding of the processes of rupture, which took place in the scientific community when Einstein's theory emerged. Amongst all the examined proposals, the philosophical-cognitive approach from Angotti et all (1978) was the one that showed greater compliance with the aims of this work; it was short, it held objectives of content and attitude; it used several instructional resources and it demonstrates good efficacy as to learning. The units of this module are as follows (with the estimates number of hours/classes specified in parentheses): (i) relativistic dynamics (4); (ii) measure of time and space (3); (iii) simultaneity (3); (iv) Lorentz transformations (optional) (4), (v) historical review and synthesis (3). The proposal presented in this work, when compared to ANGOTTI et all, uses the history of physics in an extended manner, with the aim of integrating the student to the problem presented. Also, a small module in each year of High School, instead of a single large module, was chosen. Each of these modules approaches a fundamental pillar of Relativity, as follows: (a) the relativistic conceptions of space and time; (b) issues related to the ether and field, and (c) the symmetry of physical laws, particularly in electromagnetism. This triad possesses all the essentials of Einstein's theory. The first one shows the relativistic concepts of space and time contrasting with the classical view. Einstein himself stated that his theory resulted from an unusual practice: the questioning of these concepts as an adult, since people generally learn them intuitively as children and take them for granted during their lifetime. The second aspect of relativity approaches a very old subject in the history of Physics: the presence or absence of matter in space. The existence of full vacuum in space was widely discussed throughout the centuries. It is in our best interests to show that ether was always an attempt of denial to the vacuum, because "something" should support the optical and electromagnetic phenomena. Finally, the third essential point discusses the symmetries found in the theories, which are responsible for the consistency, for the intrinsic perfection of the laws that should govern nature. The Theory of Relativity, besides being a theory of principle, which reinforces this aspect, was thought from the existing asymmetries in classical theory. Each module has its peculiarities, however, all of them follow five steps that are consistent with the concrete-abstract-concrete cycle. They all depart from a historically contextualized (concrete) situation, which should be discussed in terms of ideas (abstract), but that has a direct impact on a student's life (concrete). The Theory of Relativity presently takes an area of transition between the new and the stable within the High School. At university level, this process is already more advanced. An increased number of university books currently present the subject within its main structure of contents. As this happens, Einstein's theory has taken a similar role to the rest of the contents that are already stabilized in the books. This should be a sign if we wish to really change the approach applied to the High School. The Theory of Relativity has enough elements to enable us to choose one of the two possible paths, i.e. it offers enough mathematical tools and experiments for a historical-experimental approach, and it also allows for a reflection on the fundamental concepts of Physics, if dealt in philosophical-cognitive patterns. Researchers in the educational area have a very clear general positioning regarding the High School perspective, in view the education of an independent individual, who is capable to interpret and to act in the world around him. This is indeed our intention as well.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Neste trabalho, estudamos o problema restrito dos três corpos onde os primários movem-se numa órbita elíptica de colisão, isto é, o momento angular dos primários é identicamente zero e a energia é negativa. Este problema apresenta três subproblemas, a saber: o caso estritamente espacial (isto é, a partícula infinitesimal move-se no espaço); o caso planar (isto é, a partícula infinitesimal move-se num plano que contém os primários) e o caso isósceles (isto é, a partícula infinitesimal move-se em um plano ¡ perpendicular a reta que contém os primários e passando através do centro de massa dos primários). É relevante observar que a dinâmica dos primários é periódica e contém um número infinito de colisões. Assim, os primários representam um termo de for»ca periódica no sistema, fazendo com que esse sistema seja não conservativo. Esta é uma das grandes dificuldades em se obter uma descrição completa da dinâmica deste problema. Esses três subproblemas foram escritos como uma perturbação do problema de Kepler, desta maneira obtivemos uma grande quantidade de órbitas periódicas. A técnica usada para conseguirmos tais órbitas foi o método da Continuação Analítica de Poincaré. No entanto, não foi possível usar o Teorema da Função Implícita na sua forma padrão, uma vez que não temos a diferenciabilidade suficiente do campo devido ao parâmetro perturbador introduzido. Para contornar este problema, usamos o Teorema de Arenstorf, o qual exige um pouco menos do campo. No caso isósceles, o qual chamamos por problema restrito dos três corpos isósceles elíptico com colisão, obtemos mais informações sobre a dinâmica da partícula. Além de provarmos a existência de uma grande quantidade de órbitas periódicas, conseguimos mergulhar o shift de Bernoulli em uma seção conveniente do fluxo, mostrando que este problema possue uma dinâmica caótica. Além disso, construímos esta dinâmica simbólica

This study analyzed the acute effect of water consumption on resting metabolic rate (RMR). It was hypothesized that water would have a small, nonclinically significant effect on RMR. Men and women ages 18–40 years participated in a crossover study in which each participant received a No Water and Water condition (order determined randomly) with a 7-day washout period between each condition. Both conditions began with visual analog scales to gauge hunger and thirst levels, urine spectrometry to quantify hydration status, and height and weight measurements. The No Water condition consisted of a 30-minute rest period followed by 45 minutes of RMR testing. The Water condition was identical except for the administration of 500 ml of purified water at 3 °C 10 minutes prior to the beginning of the RMR measurement. Resting metabolic rate testing was done via indirect calorimetry. There was not a condition-by-time difference in 24-hour resting energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, or metabolic equivalents when including all data points and controlling for nonlinearity (ps > 0.0682). There was a significant difference in respiratory quotient (RQ) (F = 13.73; p = 0.0006) with the No Water condition showing a slightly higher RQ than the Water condition. The nonlinear pattern was primarily driven by the first several minutes of testing. Accordingly, we completed analyses without the first 5 minutes of data. The results persisted; that is, there was no condition-by-time effect in 24-hour resting energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, or metabolic equivalents (ps > 0.2435). Further, the RQ remained significantly different (F = 10.57; ps > 0.0023); however, it was slightly higher in the Water condition. This study did not support our hypothesis that consumption of 500 ml of water would have a measurable effect on RMR and fuel utilization compared to not consuming water. Rather, this study replicates other studies that suggest there is not an acute measurable effect of water consumption on RMR. Nevertheless, one positive application of these findings is that water may be a suitable control in RMR studies. In addition, these results should not discourage overall water consumption for healthy functioning. Further, consumption of water-rich foods over time could be an effective strategy for weight management (as shown in other studies). Future studies could attempt to determine if larger volumes of water or different temperatures of water have an effect on RMR.