Artículos de revistas: "Revealed Preference Surveys"

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Washington, Simon, Srinath Ravulaparthy, John M. Rose, David Hensher y Ram Pendyala. "Bayesian imputation of non-chosen attribute values in revealed preference surveys". Journal of Advanced Transportation 48, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2012): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/atr.201.

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Chu, Xuehao. "Reality-Based Approach to Stated Preference Surveys". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1917, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191700109.

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This paper defines a reality-based approach to soliciting stated preference data. It is related to existing preference methods in regard to both a common conceptual framework and recent trends in the literature. The reality-based approach is compared with the standard approach in both general characteristics and design procedures. Its expectations-based validity is illustrated with an application to pedestrian street-crossing behavior in the Tampa Bay area of Florida. The approach combines the realism of revealed-preference surveys and the flexibility of standard stated preference surveys. It adds to the toolbox of travel behavior research.

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Drent, Adam M., David C. Brousseau y Andrea K. Morrison. "Health Information Preferences of Parents in a Pediatric Emergency Department". Clinical Pediatrics 57, n.º 5 (13 de septiembre de 2017): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922817730346.

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Parents of children seeking nonurgent care in the emergency department completed surveys concerning media use and preferences for health education material. Results were compiled using descriptive statistics, compared by health literacy level with logistic regression, adjusting for race/ethnicity and income. Semistructured qualitative interviews to elicit reasons for preferences, content preference, and impact of health information were conducted and analyzed using content analysis. Surveys (n = 71) showed that despite equal access to online health information, parents with low health literacy were more likely to use the internet less frequently than daily ( P < .01). Surveys and interviews (n = 30) revealed that health information will be most effective when distributed by a health care professional and must be made available in multiple modalities. Parents requested general information about childhood illness, including diagnosis, treatment, and signs and symptoms. Many parents believed that appropriate health information would change their decision-making regarding seeking care during their child’s next illness.

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Benzarti, Youssef. "How Taxing Is Tax Filing? Using Revealed Preferences to Estimate Compliance Costs". American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 12, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2020): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180664.

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This paper uses a quasi-experimental design to estimate the cost of filing taxes. Using US tax returns, I observe how taxpayers choose between itemizing deductions and claiming the standard deduction. Taxpayers forgo large tax savings to avoid compliance costs, which provides a revealed preference estimate of such costs. I show that costs increase with income, consistent with an opportunity cost of time explanation. These estimates suggest substantial costs of filing federal income taxes, significantly larger than previously estimated using surveys. (JEL H24, H26, H31)

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Inoue, Shogo, Mitsuru Kajiwara, Jun Teishima y Akio Matsubara. "Population perception of surgical approach in minimally invasive surgery". Canadian Urological Association Journal 9, n.º 1-2 (12 de enero de 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2116.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to better understand the impact that public opinion might have on surgical approaches in urologic minimally invasive surgery (MIS).Methods: We collected surveys from 400 participants, including the general population (n = 220) and paramedical staff (n = 180). Participants were anonymous. The survey included 16 questions on the characteristics and preference for the surgical approach if a urologic MIS were performed on them.Results: The responders preferred the transumbilical approach (57.0%) to the subcostal approach (43.0%). In particular, the preference for a transumbilical approach was significantly higher in females (65.1% vs. 49.3%, p = 0.0014). Similarly, when participants were divided into two groups (<50 years and >50 years), the preference for the transumbilical approach was significantly higher in the younger group (60.8% vs. 48.0%, p = 0.0187). Logistic regression analysis revealed that preference for this approach was about 2 times more likely to rise in the females (p = 0.032).Conclusions: Preference for the transumbilical approach was significantly higher young female respondents. This patient subset most values the cosmetic benefits of transumbilical approach in urologic MIS.

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Jones, Michael S., Lisa A. House y Zhifeng Gao. "Respondent Screening and Revealed Preference Axioms: Testing Quarantining Methods for Enhanced Data Quality in Web Panel Surveys". Public Opinion Quarterly 79, n.º 3 (2015): 687–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfv015.

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Manchanda, Rajkumar, Munmun Koley, Subhranil Saha, Debabrata Sarkar, Ramkumar Mondal, Prosenjit Thakur, Debjyoti Biswas, Birendra Singh Rawat, Bhuvaneswari Rajachandrasekar y Renu Mittal. "Patients’ Preference for Integrating Homoeopathy Services within the Secondary Health Care Settings in India". Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22, n.º 2 (8 de julio de 2016): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587216650116.

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Indian patients’ preference for integrated homoeopathy services remains underresearched. Two earlier surveys revealed favorable attitude toward and satisfaction from integrated services. The objectives of this study were to examine knowledge, attitudes, and practice of homoeopathy and to evaluate preference toward its integration into secondary-level health care. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during May to October 2015 among 659 adult patients visiting randomly selected secondary-level conventional health care setups in Kolkata, Mumbai, Kottayam, and New Delhi (India) using a self-administered 24-item questionnaire in 4 local vernaculars (Bengali, Marathi, Malayalam, and Hindi). Knowledge and practice scores were compromised; attitude scores toward integration and legal regulation were high. Respondents were uncertain regarding side effects of homoeopathy and concurrent use and interactions with conventional medicines. A total of 82.40% (95% confidence interval = 79.23, 85.19) of the participants were in favor of integrating homoeopathy services. Preference was significantly higher in Delhi and lower in Kottayam. Probable strategic measures for further development of integrated models are discussed.

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Redley, Bernice, Lauren McTier, Mari Botti, Alison Hutchinson, Harvey Newnham, Donald Campbell y Tracey Bucknall. "Patient participation in inpatient ward rounds on acute inpatient medical wards: a descriptive study". BMJ Quality & Safety 28, n.º 1 (23 de febrero de 2018): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007292.

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BackgroundMeaningful partnering with patients is advocated to enhance care delivery. Little is known about how this is operationalised at the point of care during hospital ward rounds, where decision-making concerning patient care frequently occurs.ObjectiveDescribe participation of patients, with differing preferences for participation, during ward rounds in acute medical inpatient services.MethodsNaturalistic, multimethod design. Data were collected using surveys and observations of ward rounds at two hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. Using convenience sampling, a stratified sample of acute general medical patients were recruited. Prior to observation and interview, patient responses to the Control Preference Scale were used to stratify them into three groups representing diverse participation preferences: active control where the patient makes decisions; shared control where the patient prefers to make decisions jointly with clinicians; and passive control where the patient prefers clinicians make decisions.ResultsOf the 52 patients observed over 133 ward rounds, 30.8% (n=16) reported an active control preference for participation in decision-making during ward rounds, 25% (n=13) expressed shared control preference and 44.2% (n=23) expressed low control preference. Patients’ participation was observed in 75% (n=85) of ward rounds, but few rounds (18%, n=20) involved patient contribution to decisions about their care. Clinicians prompted patient participation in 54% of rounds; and in 15% patients initiated their own participation. Thematic analysis of qualitative observation and patient interview data revealed two themes, supporting patient capability and clinician-led opportunity, that contributed to patient participation or non-participation in ward rounds.ConclusionsParticipation in ward rounds was similar for patients irrespective of control preference. This study demonstrates the need to better understand clinician roles in supporting strategies that promote patient participation in day-to-day hospital care.

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Chavez, Luis O., Sharon Einav y Joseph Varon. "When Terminal Illness Is Worse Than Death: A Multicenter Study of Health-Care Providers’ Resuscitation Desires". American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 34, n.º 9 (3 de agosto de 2016): 820–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909116662195.

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Purpose: To investigate how a terminal illness may affect the health-care providers’ resuscitation preferences. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 9 health-care institutions located in 4 geographical regions in North and Central America, investigating attitudes toward end-of-life practices in health-care providers. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and χ2 test for the presence of associations ( P < 0.05 being significant) and Cramer V for the strength of the association. The main outcome measured the correlation between the respondents’ present code status and their preference for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in case of terminal illness. Results: A total of 852 surveys were completed. Among the respondents, 21% (n = 180) were physicians, 36.9% (n = 317) were nurses, 10.5% (n = 90) were medical students, and 265 participants were other staff members of the institutions. Most respondents (58.3%; n = 500) desired “definitely full code” (physicians 73.2%; n = 131), only 13.8% of the respondents (physicians 8.33%; n = 15) desired “definitely no code” or “partial support,” and 20.9% of the respondents (n = 179; among physicians 18.4%; n = 33) had never considered their code status. There was an association between current code status and resuscitation preference in case of terminal illness ( P < .001), but this association was overall quite weak (Cramer V = 0.180). Subgroup analysis revealed no association between current code status and terminal illness code preference among physicians ( P = .290) and nurses ( P = .316), whereupon other hospital workers were more consistent ( P < .01, Cramer V = .291). Conclusion: Doctors and nurses have different end-of-life preferences than other hospital workers. Their desire to undergo CPR may change when facing a terminal illness.

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Ingram, Dewayne L., Timothy A. Woods, Wuyang Hu y Susmitha S. Nambuthiri. "Willingness-to-pay Comparisons for Flats of Groundcover Plants in Plantable Containers: Consumers versus Commercial Buyers in Kentucky". HortScience 50, n.º 3 (marzo de 2015): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.3.408.

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Increasing demand for groundcover plants and increasing consumer preference for more sustainable products encourage nursery crop producers and landscape management companies to assess efficiency and sustainable practices. Ajuga reptans ‘Bronze Beauty’ and Sedum kamtschaticum ‘Variegatum’ were grown in standard plastic containers or plantable containers (Ellepot and SoilWrap) and 12- or 18-count flats. These production alternatives were presented in personal surveys of commercial industry personnel and consumers to determine their willingness to pay for these attributes. A conjoint analysis revealed an affinity for both groups to purchase flats of groundcovers and preferred sedum over ajuga. Commercial buyers from larger companies were more likely to purchase plantable containers than those from smaller firms. Generally, flats of Ellepots were preferred over flats of SoilWraps and 18-count over 12-count flats by commercial buyers. Price had a negative impact on consumer willingness to pay. Consumers revealed no specific preference for the plantable containers, although preference for plastic containers declined with age and presence of children at home.

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d'Eustachio, Gabriel y Michael Raupp. "Resistance of Boxwood Varieties to the Boxwood Leafminer, Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank)". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 19, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2001): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-19.3.153.

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Abstract A survey of nine cultivars of Buxus at the United States National Arboretum revealed significant differences in levels of infestation by the boxwood leafminer, Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank). An analysis of larval survival confirmed high levels of susceptibility in Buxus sempervirens ‘Myrtifolia’ and Buxus microphylla ‘National’ while B. sempervirens ‘Handsworthiensis’ and B. sempervirens ‘Vardar Valley’ exhibited high levels of resistance. Other varieties exhibited intermediate levels of resistance. Field surveys and laboratorystudies indicated that female flies deposited eggs in all cultivars even highly resistant ones. This lack of preference suggests that the mechanism of resistance is antibiosis or phenological asynchrony rather than antixenosis.

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Gaddis, Margaret L. "Faculty and Student Technology Use to Enhance Student Learning". International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 21, n.º 4 (8 de junio de 2020): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v21i3.4600.

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Scholarly research has indicated that technology adoption to facilitate blended learning promotes the academic success of many different types of students and improves the quality of existing educational offerings. To understand how technology enhances learning, surveys queried the faculty and students of a statewide community college system. The results indicated widespread technology use among the faculty and students. The faculty survey revealed details of technology tools employed and the motivations for their use or discontinued use. Details regarding faculty use of learning management systems, textbooks, and other media characterized the current technology adoption climate. The student survey collected information about students’ perceptions of how technology influenced their learning, their preferences for specific technology tools, and their student progress. Ninety-three percent of student respondents indicated that technology enhanced their learning. Alignment between the faculty use and student preference for technology tools suggested that students are actively engaged in the technology resources used by faculty to enhance learning. Students described how technology facilitated multimodal learning. They also noted that technology increased communication, access, and inclusion in learning. Successful technology use and integration, accompanied by ongoing scholarly debate and monitoring, has the potential to provide more access, promote learning outcomes, and preserve the investment of technology for the institution. The surveys employed here, when used semi-annually, may provide a low-cost model for technology integration monitoring and evaluation. The responses to the surveys also have the potential to provide technology use and integration data that informs strategic planning processes and institutional learning outcome development.

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Dembélé, Urbain, Yénizié Koné, Bino Témé, Anne M. Lykke y Amadou M. Kouyaté. "Préférences ethnobotaniques des espèces ligneuses locales exploitées pour laproduction d’huile végétale dans lecercle de Sikasso, Mali". Afrika Focus 29, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2016): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02901004.

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This study examines the preferences of communities in the Mali-South area in terms of local woody species exploited for the production of oil. The study was conducted using ethnobotanical surveys based on semi-structured interviews in two localities of the circle of Sikasso. The surveyed ethnic groups are the Fulani and Senufo in Ziékorodougou, and Bambara and Fulani in Niankorobougou. The sample totaled 48 informants, including twelve defined by ethnic group in both localities. Vitellaria paradoxa, Lophira lanceolata, Carapa procera and Pentadesma butyraceae are the main local tree species identified for the production of oil in the area. Preference ranking scores revealed that C. procera is a species of priority importance after V. paradoxa. There is a similarity of community preferences in terms of plant species used for the production of edible oil. In contrast, community preference varied in terms of choices for the production of cosmetic oil. This difference appears to be related to the level of knowledge and uses of the products of these plants by local communities. The results of this study will help to integrate the needs of people in term of production of vegetable oil in promotion strategies and sustainable management of forest resources.

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Vollmer, Nancy, Mansha Singh, Navika Harshe y Joseph J. Valadez. "Does interviewer gender influence a mother’s response to household surveys about maternal and child health in traditional settings? A qualitative study in Bihar, India". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 6 (16 de junio de 2021): e0252120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252120.

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Background Two probability surveys, conducted in the same districts of Bihar, India (Aurangabad and Gopalganj) at approximately the same time in 2016 using identical questionnaires and similar survey methods, produced significantly different responses for 37.2% (58/156) of the indicator comparisons. Interviewers for one survey were men while for the other they were women. Respondents were mothers of children aged 0–59 months living in a traditional rural setting. We examined the influence of interviewer gender on mothers’ survey responses and their implications for interpreting survey results. Methods We used qualitative methods including 10 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 33 in-depth interviews (IDIs) in the same locations as the 2016 surveys. FGD participants were purposefully selected mothers with children 0–59 months, husbands and other in-law family members. IDIs were carried out with frontline health-workers, enumerators and supervisors from the two previous household surveys. Results Findings revealed a preference for female interviewers for household surveys in study districts as they facilitated access to mothers and reduced their discomfort as survey participants. However, this gender preference was related to the survey question. Regardless of age, caste and educational level, most mothers were not permitted to communicate with men (aside from husbands) about female-specific health topics, including birth preparedness, delivery, menstrual cycles, contraception, breastfeeding, sexual behaviour, sexually transmitted disease, and domestic violence. Mothers in higher castes perceived these social restrictions more acutely than mothers in lower castes. There was no systematic direction of the resulting error. Mothers were willing to discuss child health issues with interviewers of either gender. Conclusions Interviewer gender is an important consideration when designing survey protocols for maternal and reproductive health studies and when selecting and training enumerators. Female interviewers are optimal for traditional settings in Bihar as they are more likely to obtain accurate data on sensitive topics and reduce the potential for non-sampling error due to their reduced social distance with maternal respondents.

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Myers, Andrew, Christie A. Bahlai y Douglas A. Landis. "Habitat Type Influences Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Oviposition and Egg Survival on Asclepias syriaca (Gentianales: Apocynaceae)". Environmental Entomology 48, n.º 3 (10 de mayo de 2019): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz046.

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AbstractAs agricultural practices intensify, species once common in agricultural landscapes are declining in abundance. One such species is the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.), whose eastern North American population has decreased approximately 80% during the past 20 yr. One hypothesis explaining the monarch’s decline is reduced breeding habitat via loss of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) from agricultural landscapes in the north central United States due to the adoption of herbicide-tolerant row crops. Current efforts to enhance monarch breeding habitat primarily involve restoring milkweed in perennial grasslands. However, prior surveys found fewer monarch eggs on common milkweed in grassland versus crop habitats, indicating potential preference for oviposition in row crop habitats, or alternatively, greater egg loss to predation in grasslands. We tested these alternative mechanisms by measuring oviposition and egg predation on potted A. syriaca host plants. Our study revealed that habitat context influences both monarch oviposition preference and egg predation rates and that these patterns vary by year. We found higher monarch egg predation rates during the first 24 h after exposure and that much of the predation occurs at night. Overall, we documented up to 90% egg mortality over 72 h in perennial grasslands, while predation rates in corn were lower (10–30% mortality) and more consistent between years. These findings demonstrate that weekly monarch egg surveys are too infrequent to distinguish oviposition habitat preferences from losses due to egg predation and suggest that monarch restoration efforts need to provide both attractive and safe habitats for monarch reproduction.

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Hilkert, Sarah M., Naz Askari, Jan D. Hirsch y Shira L. Robbins. "Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Pediatric Ophthalmology Patients in San Diego, California". European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 2, n.º 3 (15 de julio de 2014): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v2i3.738.

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Objectives: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has become increasingly common in pediatrics. While previous studies have evaluated pediatric CAM use across various subspecialties, estimates regarding pediatric CAM use in ophthalmology are lacking. This study explores CAM use among pediatric ophthalmology patients in a pediatric ophthalmology practice.Methods: 609 self-report questionnaires were distributed to parents whose children were seen at the University of California, San Diego / Ratner Children’s Eye Center between July 2009 and January 2010. The survey included questions regarding demographic information of the parent, eye condition of the child, and CAM use by the child. The two main outcomes were CAM use in the past and preference for CAM use in the future. Results: 126 surveys were included in the final analysis. Overall, 11% of parents reported previous CAM use for their child’s eye condition, and 44% of parents indicated a preference for CAM use for their child’s eye condition, depending on the side effects. Logistic regression revealed that past CAM use was not associated with the parent’s race, gender, or level of education. However, CAM preference was negatively associated with the parent’s level of education (p = 0.045). Discussion: As with other pediatric subspecialties, treatment of children with CAM is common in pediatric ophthalmology. Given the significant number of parents who reported using CAM and/or a preference for CAM, our results emphasize the need for all pharmacists, ophthalmologists, and pediatricians to discuss CAM use with patients and their families.

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Burki, Abid A. "Estimating Consumer Preferences for Food, Using Time Series Data of Pakistan". Pakistan Development Review 36, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 1997): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i2pp.131-153.

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Consumer preferences for food and non-food items in Pakistan are frequently estimated by using data from the household surveys. However, structural change in consumer preferences, caused by changes in tastes, can be studied by using the annual time series data, a time series of cross sections, or the panel data. This paper uses Pakistan’s annual time series disappearance data for eight food commodities from 1972 to 1991 to study consumer behaviour. The existence and the nature of structural change is tested by using both the generalised axiom of revealed preference (GARP) and the first-difference LA/AIDS model. It turns out that GARP tests are low-powered as tests of structural change on our data-set. However, the results from the LA/AIDS model show a shift in consumer demand from gram (split) to chicken after 1982. The data set satisfies symmetry and homogeneity. The estimates of price and income elasticities are also consistent with economic theory. The implications of these results for policy are also discussed.

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Popp, Nels, Jason M. Simmons, Danielle Kushner Smith y Rachel Tasker. "Understanding sport event ticket-type preference in a forced e-ticket environment". Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 11, n.º 3 (26 de enero de 2021): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-08-2020-0079.

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PurposeMany sport venues utilize digital ticketing, in some instances exclusively. Forced technology adoption among ticket buyers in nonsport contexts, (i.e. airline passengers) has been shown to produce negative responses among consumers. The purpose of the current study is to examine sport consumer response to forced e-ticket adoption.Design/methodology/approachE-surveys were disseminated to attendees of a major NCAA Division I football conference championship game where digital tickets were required for entry for the first time in event history. Mixed methods were utilized to examine both quantitative and qualitative data from 1,821 respondents.FindingsAmong respondents, 29.6% indicated a preference for traditional paper tickets and 48.3% preferred e-tickets, with younger patrons more likely to prefer the digital option. No significant difference related to future consumption was found between those preferring hard tickets and those preferring e-tickets. An analysis of qualitative responses revealed five primary themes for hard ticket preference: (1) ease of use, (2) souvenir, (3) reliability, (4) lack of technology and (5) preference. Five primary themes supporting e-ticket preference were also uncovered: (1) convenience, (2) simplicity, (3) familiarity, (4) paperless and (5) security.Originality/valueThe current study is the first to examine actual sport event consumers in a forced self-service technology environment. Also, no previous studies have explored respondents' preference motivations. The current study is also the first to link both age and future consumption to ticket-type preference.

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Dana, David A. "Valuing Foreign Lives and Settlements". Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 1, n.º 1 (14 de julio de 2010): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/2152-2812.1003.

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AbstractCost-benefit analysis in the United States for policy and legal purposes traditionally has been highly parochial, excluding not just losses or gains of welfare to non-U.S. residents from a given policy but also excluding any losses or gains in welfare U.S. residents would experience as a result of impacts to foreigners and foreign settlements. In the climate change context, this approach has meant that cost-benefit analyses for the costs of unmitigated climate change to the United States value at zero the losses that U.S. residents will bear as a result of the direct, adverse impacts of climate change to foreign lives and settlements. This article argues that there are sound theoretical reasons to include such welfare losses in a cost-benefit analysis, and that doing so requires going beyond revealed preference data to consider stated preference surveys. The article presents the findings of internet-based surveys that strongly suggest that the implicit assumption of the current approach to cost-benefit analysis in the United States—that U.S. residents value foreign lives and settlements that may be destroyed by climate change at zero—is untenable.

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Teng, Jing, Weiwei Pan y Cen Zhang. "Quantitative Modeling of Congestion in Metro Station Based on Passenger Time Perceptions". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, n.º 5 (23 de abril de 2020): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120914900.

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In the metro station, passengers’ psychological state can be affected by space congestion, slow walking speed, increasing queue length, and other factors, resulting in a time-lapse effect, which can be described as people feeling that they spend more time than the actual. To measure the effect, this paper develops congestion indexes for the walking and queuing areas in metro stations, and designs stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) surveys and scene simulation experiments. Based on the survey and experiment data, we attempt to describe the psychological state and space–time perception of passengers in metro stations and propose quantitative models of congestion indexes at different service levels. Furthermore, on the basis of these models, thresholds of walking distance and waiting time can be calculated for different service levels. The results can provide a reference for real-time passenger flow monitoring and theoretical supports for metro operators to measure passenger flow status and adopt passenger flow management strategies under different conditions. Overall, this study offers promising insights into passenger flow monitoring and management, but some limitations need to be addressed in future work.

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Eid, Michael y Michael Rauber. "Detecting Measurement Invariance in Organizational Surveys* * The original data upon which this paper is based are available at www.hhpub.com/journals/ejpa". European Journal of Psychological Assessment 16, n.º 1 (enero de 2000): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.16.1.20.

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Summary: The problem of measurement invariance in organizational surveys is discussed, and it is shown how mixture distribution models can be used to detect response styles in organizational surveys. The results of an analysis of a leadership performance scale with the polytomous mixed Rasch model is reported (N = 4578). The results revealed that two latent classes differing in response styles could be detected: One class (size: 71%) using the whole response scale without a strong preference for specific categories and one class (size: 29%) preferring the extreme response categories and avoiding the middle ones. Furthermore, it was shown that the two latent classes differ in demographic and other organizational variables. Finally, the implications of this study for comparing individuals across divisions and organizations as well as for future research on organizational assessment methods are discussed.

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Mayer, Christopher C. y George N. Wallace. "The Interpretive Power of Setting: Identifying and Protecting the Interpretive Potential of the Internal and External Setting at Copan Archaeological Park, Honduras". Journal of Interpretation Research 13, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2008): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720801300202.

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This study examined how differing levels of restoration and development within, and intensifying development adjacent to Copan Archeological Park would affect interpretive potential and the visitor experience at this World Heritage Site in Honduras. Surveys and interviews with visitors revealed that Latin Americans, North Americans, and Europeans all show a preference for a mixture of restored ruins and those being reclaimed by nature. Visitors described how this juxtaposition added to their experience. A majority of visitors indicated a strong preference for maintaining agricultural or forested lands between the park and the town of Copán Ruinas and described how the intensification of development would impact their experience. Implications for park management and interpretive planning are discussed and recommendations given. Protecting the interpretive potential of these settings will require interpreters to inform the protected area and local government planning decisions that will ultimately determine the content and quality of programmatic interpretation.

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southall, e. j., d. w. sims, j. d. metcalfe, j. i. doyle, s. fanshawe, c. lacey, j. shrimpton, j. l. solandt y c. d. speedie. "spatial distribution patterns of basking sharks on the european shelf: preliminary comparison of satellite-tag geolocation, survey and public sightings data". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, n.º 5 (octubre de 2005): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405012129.

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current concerns about the population levels of the basking shark (cetorhinus maximus) in the north-east atlantic have prompted a need to understand population distribution, habitat preference and centres of abundance. in this study, spatial distribution maps derived from satellite-tag geolocations, boat surveys and public sightings data were compared. the broad distribution patterns revealed by these different methods are similar, but there are considerable differences in density distributions. surface sightings data show high densities, or ‘hotspots’ in the hebridean sea, clyde sea, irish sea and close inshore around devon and cornwall. tag geolocations, in contrast, identified two areas where individuals spent considerable time outside the distributions indicated by surveys and public sightings: the celtic sea and western approaches of the english channel. the reason for this disparity and its implications for population estimates for the species are discussed.

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Lescauskiene, Ingrida, Romualdas Bausys, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas y Birute Juodagalviene. "VASMA Weighting: Survey-Based Criteria Weighting Methodology that Combines ENTROPY and WASPAS-SVNS to Reflect the Psychometric Features of the VAS Scales". Symmetry 12, n.º 10 (6 de octubre de 2020): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12101641.

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Data symmetry and asymmetry might cause difficulties in various areas including criteria weighting approaches. Preference elicitation is an integral part of the multicriteria decision-making process. Weighting approaches differ in terms of accuracy, ease of use, complexity, and theoretical foundations. When the opinions of the wider audience are needed, electronic surveys with the matrix questions consisting of the visual analogue scales (VAS) might be employed as the easily understandable data collection tool. The novel criteria weighting technique VASMA weighting (VAS Matrix for the criteria weighting) is presented in this paper. It respects the psychometric features of the VAS scales and analyzes the uncertainties caused by the survey-based preference elicitation. VASMA weighting integrates WASPAS-SVNS for the determination of the subjective weights and Shannon entropy for the calculation of the objective weights. Numerical example analyzing the importance of the criteria that affect parents’ decisions regarding the choice of the kindergarten institution was performed as the practical application. Comparison of the VASMA weighting and the direct rating (DR) methodologies was done. It revealed that VASMA weighting is able to overcome the main disadvantages of the DR technique—the high biases of the collected data and the low variation of the criteria weights.

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Holwerda, Melle, Jenna Kelly, Laura Laloli, Isabel Stürmer, Jasmine Portmann, Hanspeter Stalder y Ronald Dijkman. "Determining the Replication Kinetics and Cellular Tropism of Influenza D Virus on Primary Well-Differentiated Human Airway Epithelial Cells". Viruses 11, n.º 4 (24 de abril de 2019): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11040377.

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Influenza viruses are notorious pathogens that frequently cross the species barrier with often severe consequences for both animal and human health. In 2011, a novel member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, Influenza D virus (IDV), was identified in the respiratory tract of swine. Epidemiological surveys revealed that IDV is distributed worldwide among livestock and that IDV-directed antibodies are detected in humans with occupational exposure to livestock. To identify the transmission capability of IDV to humans, we determined the viral replication kinetics and cell tropism using an in vitro respiratory epithelium model of humans. The inoculation of IDV revealed efficient replication kinetics and apical progeny virus release at different body temperatures. Intriguingly, the replication characteristics of IDV revealed higher replication kinetics compared to Influenza C virus, despite sharing the cell tropism preference for ciliated cells. Collectively, these results might indicate why IDV-directed antibodies are detected among humans with occupational exposure to livestock.

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Mitra, Subhro y Steven M. Leon. "Discrete choice model for air-cargo mode selection". International Journal of Logistics Management 25, n.º 3 (4 de noviembre de 2014): 656–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-04-2012-0027.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a better understanding of the factors that influence a shipper's decision to choose air cargo as a mode of shipment. Design/methodology/approach – A disaggregate multinomial discrete choice model is developed using freight shipment survey data to identify critical factors influencing air cargo mode choice. Disaggregate revealed preference data is obtained from surveying 347 manufacturers, freight forwarders, and other third-party service providers. Findings – The empirical model developed in this research shows that the rate of shipment, time of transit, cost-per-pound shipped, quantity shipped, perishability and delay rate of the mode are significant factors that influence mode choice. Research limitations/implications – The discrete choice model developed can be improved by taking into account logistics costs not considered in this research. Perhaps more in-depth surveys of the shippers and freight forwarders are needed. Additionally, improving the mode choice model by including stated preference data and subsequently incorporating service quality latent variables would be beneficial. Practical implications – Identifying the sensitivity of the shippers to various factors influencing mode selection enables transportation planners make better demand forecast for each mode of transportation. Originality/value – This paper extends previous mode choice studies by analyzing mode selection between air cargo and other modes. Better forecasting is achieved by replacing the logit model with probit, heteroscedastic extreme value and mixed logit models.

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Karki, Santosh y Tej Bahadur Thapa. "Population status, nesting habitat selection and conservation threats of lesser adjutant stork (Leptoptilos javanicus) in the eastern lowlands of Nepal". Conservation Science 1, n.º 1 (8 de septiembre de 2013): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cs.v1i1.8581.

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Aim This research examines the status of distribution, nesting habitat selection and conservation threats of lesser adjutant storks. Location Eastern Nepal Materials and Methods Direct observation along line transects method was used to determine population status, distribution and nesting habitat preference of storks in different habitats of the study area. Questionnaire surveys to local people drawn randomly were used to study the socio-cultural dimensions of lesser adjutant storks conservation. Key findings There were a total of 98 individuals in pre-breeding and 240 individuals of lesser adjutant stork in post-breeding periods (94 chicks and 146 adults) in the study area. On average, there were 1.29 chicks per nest. Bombax ceiba and Adina cordifolia were found to be the most preferred nesting trees for lesser adjutant storks. Habitat preference of lesser adjutant storks revealed that colonies were more likely to occur in farmlands and swamps. All the nests of lesser adjutant storks were found on trees above 30 m height, the average tree height was 42.5 ± 6.8 m and the average nest height was 34.4 ± 4.3 m. Questionnaire surveys revealed that people were not aware about conservation of lesser adjutant storks. More than 80% of respondents (n=145) opined that forest destruction was the most serious threat to storks followed by human disturbance (79%), poaching (73%), pesticide use (52%), and urbanization/industrialization (43%). Conservation implications Protection of nesting tree species such as Bombax ceiba and Adina cordifolia should be given a high priority for the conservation of storks in the eastern Nepal. Conservation education programs to control excessive pesticides in the rice fields should also be carried out in the region. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cs.v1i1.8581 Conservation Science 2013 1(1), 27-35

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D.A. Tasci, Asli, Basak Denizci Guillet y William C. Gartner. "Judging the book by the cover: consumer preferences of hospitality industry uniforms for destination brands". Tourism Review 69, n.º 2 (10 de junio de 2014): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-09-2013-0054.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine if consumers have substantially common color preferences in hospitality uniforms for destination brands. Employee uniforms with their dimensions of style, material and color are a crucial part of the coordinated brand message of a business or a destination; however, this has been a void in tourism and hospitality literature. Current visitors to Hong Kong were studied using intercept surveys in four different groups controlling for potential confounding factors. Although results reveal the common perception and preference for black-white-formal uniforms for Hong Kong’s hospitality industry across different treatment groups as well as different cultural groups, implications and discussions are provided as a call for further research in this venue of inquiry. Design/methodology/approach – This is a cross-sectional study using a site intercept survey with structured questionnaires on Chinese and international travelers in Hong Kong. Four different surveys were used as different treatments for four groups of respondents that were randomly assigned into each group. Each group was presented with a different default pair of male and female uniform pictures for the initial evaluation on the first page of the survey, followed by a list of uniforms with different colors and styles on the second page of the survey to select and evaluate their own pairs of male and female uniforms. Findings – Results revealed that consumers’ general favorite colors may not apply to their preferences for the employee uniforms for a destination they visit. Also, there were similarities in the favorite color and choice uniform color for the three general culture groups, such as Chinese, Asia-Pacific and Western consumers, included in the study. Besides, findings implied that Hong Kong may be a strong brand with a uniform color preference for hospitality uniforms for different consumer segments. Research limitations/implications – This study needs to be considered as an exploratory attempt to bring researchers’ attention to the several questions still to be answered by future research. The results and discussions provided in this study are beyond being robust or conclusive; insights about potential brand connotations with employee uniform colors need to be taken as potential leads for future studies because there is a need for further study in this area. Practical implications – The importance of hotel employee uniforms for quality hotel experience was the highest for the Chinese group, whereas it was the lowest for the Western group. Chinese and Asia-Pacific respondents placed more importance on uniforms as a cue for a quality hotel experience, which signal a higher level of involvement in visible cues in the consumption environment. Hence, hotels as well as destinations catering to these groups need to take their market segment preferences into consideration before making decisions about brand cues for their products. Originality/value – There is a lack of attention to the color aspect of service encounter in tourism and hospitality literature. Therefore, color needs attention from researchers as a new venue of research in tourism and hospitality, especially in the tourism destination context. This study is a spearhead to generate interest by intriguing questions for future attention from researchers.

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Ghorbanzadeh, Omid, Sarbast Moslem, Thomas Blaschke y Szabolcs Duleba. "Sustainable Urban Transport Planning Considering Different Stakeholder Groups by an Interval-AHP Decision Support Model". Sustainability 11, n.º 1 (20 de diciembre de 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010009.

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Sustainable urban transport requires smart and environmentally-friendly technical solutions. It also needs to meet the demands of different user groups, including current and potential future users, in order to avoid opposition of the citizens and to support sustainable development decisions. While these requirements are well-known, conducting full surveys of user needs and preferences are tedious and costly, and the interests of different user groups may be contradictory. We therefore developed a methodology based on the prevalent Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is capable of dealing with the inconsistencies and uncertainties of users’ responses by applying an Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP) through comparing the results of passengers to reference stakeholder groups. For a case study in Mersin, a coastal city in southern Turkey with 1.7 Million inhabitants, three groups were surveyed with questionnaires: 40 users of the public transport system, 40 non-users, and 17 experts. Based on interval pairwise comparison matrices, consisting of whole judgments of all groups, the IAHP methodology could attain a consensual preference ranking for a future public transportation system between the three groups. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the factor ranking was very stable.

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Meeker, James R. y Richard A. Goyer. "Relationships Between Patterns of Defoliation by the Fruittree Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Foliage Morphology of Baldcypress in Forested Wetlands of Louisiana". Journal of Entomological Science 28, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1993): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-28.4.317.

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Baldcypress, Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard, has been threatened recently by a new insect herbivore, the fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Baldcypress foliage varies from long-leaved, open-faced branchlets with leaves arranged in two-ranked fashion to short-leaved, appressed, imbricate branchlets. Field surveys revealed that the tallest trees contained 72 – 85% appressed foliage, whereas intermediate and small-sized trees contained 55–92% open type foliage. Over a three-year period, open morphology trees repeatedly exhibited significantly higher levels of defoliation (percentage of crown loss) by the fruittree leafroller, compared with appressed morphology trees. There was no ovipositional preference (number of egg masses) associated with morphology type. Differences in defoliation levels, therefore, were attributed to morphologically related influences on foliage suitability for larval stages.

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Rojas Alfaro, Roberto Enrique. "Classroom interaction and language learning among boys in coed and single-sex contexts". Revista Ensayos Pedagógicos 6, n.º 1 (7 de julio de 2011): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rep.6-1.9.

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This paper will address the differences and similarities in EFL interactive patterns of boys' learning in gender specific learning environments. The presentation will explore the findings of observational research conducted in coeducational and single-sex classrooms in two secondary schools in Costa Rica, namely Yorkin and New Hope schools. Data collection included class observation, interviews, surveys, questionnaires, photo ethnography and artifacts. The results revealed that boys in both contexts actually learn and behave similarly regardless of the gender specific learning environment in which they were immersed. They evidenced preference for kinesthetic, cognitive learning styles and task-oriented learning. Besides suggesting the need for school changes, the sudy brings out implications for teachers to adapt teaching strategies to acommodate their boys' learning styles.

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Faladu, Julee, Bhavik Vakani, Paresh Poriya y Rahul Kundu. "Habitat Preference and Population Ecology of Limpets Cellana karachiensis (Winckworth) and Siphonaria siphonaria (Sowerby) at Veraval Coast of Kathiawar Peninsula, India". Journal of Ecosystems 2014 (17 de agosto de 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/874013.

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Present study reports the habitat preference and spatiotemporal variations in the population abundance of limpets Cellana karachiensis and Siphonaria siphonaria inhabiting rocky intertidal zones of Veraval coast, Kathiawar Peninsula, India. The entire intertidal zone of the Veraval coast was divided into five microsampling sites based on their substratum type and assemblage structure. Extensive field surveys were conducted every month in these microsampling sites and the population abundance of two limpet species was analyzed using belt transect method. The results revealed that C. karachiensis was the dominating species at microsampling Site-1 (having rocky substratum) possibly due to its ability to tolerate high desiccation, salinity, and temperature fluctuations, while the S. siphonaria was found to be the most dominating species at microsampling Site-2 (having rocky substratum with abundant algal population) possibly due to their preference for the perpetual wet areas. The study also indicated that S. siphonaria preferred upper littoral zone where the green algae were abundant while C. karachiensis preferred the spray zone, where it faces almost no competition for space and food with other molluscs. The condition of the spray zone is very harsh for other species to survive.

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Lee, Junga, Hyung-Sook Lee, Daeyoung Jeong, C. Scott Shafer y Jinhyung Chon. "The Relationship between User Perception and Preference of Greenway Trail Characteristics in Urban Areas". Sustainability 11, n.º 16 (16 de agosto de 2019): 4438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164438.

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Greenways provide multiple benefits for trail users’ individual experiences based on users’ background environment and their perceptions of characteristics such as the trail width, vegetation, water, and facilities. Although greenway trail characteristics are important factors that affect users’ preferences, only a few studies have examined individuals’ experiences of greenways based on their perceptions and preferences. The purpose of this study is to examine how greenway trails can be designed to improve users’ experiences in relation to their perceptions and preferences by considering trail characteristics. We examine the relationship between greenway trail characteristics and likability using t-tests as well as correlation and multiple regression analyses. In the current study, virtual tour surveys of greenway users were conducted, with two urban greenway trails as the study sites: Town Lake Trail in Austin, Texas, and Buffalo Bayou Trail in Houston, Texas. Perceptions of all eight greenway trail characteristics, except for background buildings, were significantly different between the trails, and a significant difference in likability was found for five characteristics (the presence of water, trail facilities, trail width, adjacent automobile traffic, and built structures on the trail). In addition, the results of the correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed that the presence of water, amount of vegetation, automobile traffic, and built structures were correlated with likability. These findings suggest that designing appropriate types of greenway trails can help increase users’ likeability ratings of urban greenways. This study contributes to the enhancement of trail environments by providing strategies for practitioners to effectively design and manage greenways.

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Cole, Michele T., Louis B. Swartz y Daniel J. Shelley. "Threaded Discussion". International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 16, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2020010102.

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This article presents the results of two studies that focus on the role that threaded discussion plays in student learning. Over a period of three and one-half years, researchers conducted a series of surveys of graduate and undergraduate students at a private, nonprofit university in Southwestern Pennsylvania to determine how students viewed the value of threaded discussions in enhancing their ability to learn course material. Students were asked which types of threaded discussions they preferred; whether they found the threaded discussion to be a better tool for learning than a written assignment; and, which learning environment they felt was more conducive to learning, classroom or online. Results from the combined studies revealed some statistically significant differences based on enrollment status and gender. Upon comparing study results, researchers found statistically significant differences with regard to a preference for classroom versus online instruction and the usefulness of threaded discussions to learning.

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RAMÔA, S., P. OLIVEIRA e. SILVA, T. VASCONCELOS, P. FORTES y J. PORTUGAL. "STUDY OF AUTUMN-WINTER WEEDS IN PORTUGAL AND ITS ECOLOGICAL PREFERENCES". Planta Daninha 33, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2015): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582015000300001.

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ABSTRACTThe conclusion of the dam project located in Alqueva, in Southern Portugal, has resulted in a significant increase of new irrigated areas, since 2006. This has meant that, in recent years, there have been progressive flora changes in farming systems traditionally implemented in the Alentejo region. The present work has analyzed the weed flora in an early stage of these changes, and the impact of environmental factors on the distribution of natural vegetation under Mediterranean climate conditions in the influence area of Alqueva. In 2007, 105 floristic surveys were carried out in autumn-winter crop plots or other soil use, and 264 species were identified. Families with higher expression were: Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae. Only three species have been identified in more than half of farms, Avena sterilis, Phalaris minor and Lolium rigidum and they were part of the 15 species that revealed high and very high infestation degrees. Soil texture and extractable phosphorus have been determined as active ecological factors, according to the method of ecological profiles and Mutual Information. Therefore, these factores were those with the greatest influence on the species distribution. L.rigidum distribution showed to be associated with medium soil texture and A.sterilis distribution also showed to be associated with medium and fine soil texture soils, without showing ecological preference by extractable phosphorus. The distribution of P.minorwas not related to the soil texture but showed preference for soils with medium phosphorus content.

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Akadi, Muhamad Zafri Bin Akadi y Vincent Wee Eng Kim. "A Study of the Effectiveness of Brand Equity Effecting Student’s Preference Towards Enrolling into The Institutional of Higher Learning, in Klang Valley". Journal of Management Theory and Practice (JMTP) 2, n.º 1 (13 de enero de 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2021.2.1.79.

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In Malaysia, high-speed university growth is confronted with the business climate. The notion of branding was at variance with business research for the university, it should or should not be shown. The purpose of the review is to display the significant impact of brand equity, on Brand awareness, Brand association, Brand Loyalty and Perceived Quality. In this study, one dependent variable and 4 independent variables was tested. Brand equity is defined in this term as the distinction of the firm and what may be the element to be in brand equity. A realistic, non-random sampling technique was made to test the hypothesis of Brand awareness, Brand association, Brand Loyalty and Perceived Quality effect on brand equity. One hundred and sixty-five surveys have been sent across Whatsapp and emails to Klang Valley with different age groups. The responses from the survey were tested by SPSS. To test the reliability (internal consistency) of the data, Cronbach alpha was performed. The data was initially tested for levene test before it has been tested using regression analysis. Then, when the test not violate null hypothesis, regression analysis such as ANOVA was performed. To accept the hypothesis of objective, the person correlation coefficient was performed. The study revealed which Brand awareness, Brand association, Brand Loyalty and Perceived Quality do have huge influence on brand equity. This finding will not only provide a credible basis for the possible service industry, such as colleges. It is also a crucial potential research strategy to boost the brand value for the organization.

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Cronk, Nadine Elizabeth y Neville Pillay. "Flexible Use of Urban Resources by the Yellow Mongoose Cynictis penicillata". Animals 9, n.º 7 (16 de julio de 2019): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070447.

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Several species are negatively impacted by urbanization, while others thrive in urban areas by exploiting anthropogenic habitats matching their pre-existing niche preferences, or by modifying their behavior for urban life. We studied the ecology of a recent urban resident, the yellow mongoose, in an urban ecological estate in South Africa. We assessed urban dwelling yellow mongooses’ diet, spatial and temporal occurrence, home range size, and whenever possible, compared our findings to the published literature on their non-urban conspecifics. Additionally, we evaluated occurrence overlap with residential gardens. Similar to their non-urban counterparts, scat analyses revealed that yellow mongooses in urban areas fed mainly on insects, particularly during spring/summer. In the colder months, anthropogenic items, small mammals and birds in scats increased. Camera trap surveys showed that the mongooses were common in open habitats, similar to previous studies, and exhibited a species-typical bimodal diurnal activity pattern. The occurrence of these mongooses was greater near human residences than at sites further away. Home range sizes were considerably smaller than those of non-urban mongoose. Mongoose occurred in residential gardens, more so during the colder months. The urban yellow mongooses’ diet, habitat preference and activity patterns were similar to non-urban conspecifics. Nonetheless, the exploitation of anthropogenic food sources, occurrence in residential gardens and smaller home range sizes showed that they respond flexibly to urbanization, and these modifications might aid in their success in urban areas.

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Takeda, On, Daisuke Chiba, Yasuyuki Ishibashi y Eiichi Tsuda. "Patient–Physician Differences in Desired Characteristics of NSAID Plasters: An Online Survey". Pain Research and Management 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5787854.

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In Japan, adhesive skin plasters containing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to treat pain of musculoskeletal origin. There are many reports on their efficacy but few on patients’ impressions of usability or levels of satisfaction. Objectives. To elucidate the differences in perception between patients and physicians concerning NSAID plasters. Subjects. We conducted two surveys about NSAID plasters on patients and physicians. 600 patients currently using plasters and 200 physicians currently prescribing NSAID plasters were studied. Methods. Questionnaire included items concerning usage, efficacy and side effects, site and intensity of their pain, pain management strategies, characteristics they desired from NSAID plasters, and their satisfaction with them. Results. The characteristic most frequently reported as desirable by patients was analgesic efficacy, followed by avoiding skin irritation and low medication cost. The characteristics most frequently reported as desirable by physicians were analgesic efficacy, alignment with patient preference, safety to skin, and comfort when applied. Our survey revealed that both patients and physicians prioritized analgesic efficacy of NSAID plasters. However, approximately half of the patients and physicians were unsatisfied with the analgesic efficacy of plasters. Conclusions. Physicians may improve patient satisfaction by discussing analgesic efficacy, skin complications, and price with patients before prescription.

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Baskaran, Nagarajan, Ganesan Karthikeyan y Kamaraj Ramkumaran. "Golden Jackal Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) distribution pattern and feeding at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, n.º 11 (26 de agosto de 2020): 16460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4489.12.11.16460-16468.

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Golden Jackal Canis aureus, a medium-sized omnivore belonging to the family Canidae, ranges widely from Europe and extends across the middle-east to India. It’s adaptable social system according to the distribution of food resources enabling it to range widely from desert to evergreen forests, mangroves, rural, and semi-urban human-agro-ecosystems. Despite its wide distribution, the species has not received adequate scientific attention in much of its southern India range. This study was carried out to assess its distribution pattern, diet composition, and prey preference at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, a well-known habitat for the jackal and the only predator of the sanctuary. Data on distribution collected through extensive field surveys revealed that the species distribution is uniform in southern and southeastern parts of the sanctuary, in areas where the habitat is more open with grasslands and mudflats and is patch in the tropical dry-evergreen habitat. Analysis of 155 scat samples revealed that the diet comprised 19 species of food items, including mammals, birds, insects, other invertebrates, and plant matter characterizing omnivorous nature. Temporal variation in diet composition—with significantly higher proportion of birds during winter than in summer—coincides with abundance of prey species in relation to season, which indicate the opportunistic foraging and hunting nature of the species. Data on diet preference showed that jackals in the area preferred Black-naped Hare, Spotted Dove and Lapwing followed by Chital, Grey Francolin, Cattle Egret, and Large Egret, while Blackbuck, Bonnet Macaque, and cattle were not preferred, which is discussed under optimal foraging. The jackal being the only large-sized predator of this natural system, more detailed studies and effective measures to conserve the species are vital not only to understand the prey-predator mechanism, but also to conserve the biodiversity of this unique ecosystem.

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Jennings, Amanda Brooke y Madeline Messer. "Paying to play: an economic experiment examining children’s avatar preferences and their willingness to pay for them". Young Consumers 20, n.º 3 (8 de agosto de 2019): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-12-2018-0910.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is a formal experimental economics test of results found in a study designed and executed by a 12-year-old who was concerned about what she perceived to be bias in gaming applications (apps) that provided male avatar characters for no cost but required in-app purchases to access female characters. The present study was designed to test empirically whether children have a revealed preference for same-gendered characters and whether such preferences are dependent on the cost of the characters. Design/methodology/approach Children from 6 to 16 years of age were recruited to participate in a framed field economics experiment in which they would earn actual money and be given opportunities to spend it on in-game avatars they could then use to continue to play. Additionally, a survey gathered data on participants’ stated preferences and experiences playing game apps on mobile phones. Findings Children do prefer to play a character of the same gender; however, they are more likely to remain the default character if choosing a different character costs money. When asked to say why they picked their character, children report most often that it is based on either the characters’ appearance or gender, followed by perceived character abilities, liking the character and the cost of a character. A vast majority (90 per cent) of children felt both male and female characters should be free. Research limitations/implications This research was limited because the experiment simulated in-app purchases but could not offer the permanence of real-world in-app purchases. Players in the experiment could not “keep” the character if they chose to pay for it. The authors adjusted for this by making the cost to change character gender much lower than it would be in the game (25 cents in the study vs approximately $10 in the app). Future research could explore ways to make in-app purchases during the study permanent for players to test if the permanence of the purchase results in greater willingness to pay to switch character gender. Practical implications This research has practical implications for video game designers. As both male and female players prefer to play with characters of the same gender, and having a cost to play a character reduces switching behavior, it is possible that having a cost for female characters reduces the popularity of the game with female players. This is especially relevant for endless running games as these games are preferred more by women than men. By making female characters free, default character and developers may increase the popularity of these games with female players. Originality/value This study adds to the body of literature about gender and video game preferences because prior studies relied solely on stated preferences about characters (using surveys and self-reported behaviors) and not on revealed preferences (observed behaviors). Additionally, this study examines character gender preferences in a casual game, while most prior studies have examine preferences in massively multiplayer online role-playing games.

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Prasetyo, Irwan, Daisuke Fukuda, Hirosato Yoshino y Tetsuo Yai. "Analysis of Travel Time Saving Benefit by Understanding Individual Needs and Value of Activity Time: Case Study of Tokyo and Jakarta". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1854, n.º 1 (enero de 2003): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1854-02.

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Quantification of the value of time (VOT) is important for measurement of the benefit of transportation projects in terms of travel time savings. In Japan, VOT is considered higher on weekends than on weekdays because on the weekend people have limited time to allocate to discretionary activities that are not normally done on weekdays, such as family care-related activities. In Indonesia, a culturally diverse country, providers and users seem to have different perceptions of VOT. A method of analyzing the value of activity time is presented. It argues that the benefit of travel time saving should be evaluated in more detail on weekends by considering the value of discretionary activities to explain these phenomena theoretically. Activity diary surveys were conducted in Tokyo, Japan, and Jakarta, Indonesia, to verify the influence of psychological needs on people's holiday activities. Finally, a time allocation model that uses the revealed preference data and a marginal activity choice model that uses stated preference data are proposed to calculate the value of activity time. The theories underpinning these models are Maslow's psychological needs, consumer theory in economics, and a discrete choice model. The empirical results show that an individual's priority of needs influences time allocation. In particular, the results show that in Tokyo, spending time with family on weekends is more valuable than other types of activities, while in Indonesia the value of spending time with family exceeds that of work time even on weekdays.

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Cosaert, Sam. "Revealed Preferences for Diamond Goods". American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 10, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2018): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20150168.

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When consumers care not only for the quantity but also the value of a product, it could be rational to purchase products as they become more expensive. This study provides nonparametric—revealed preference—conditions to measure consumers' marginal willingness to pay for value (i.e., diamondness) associated with particular goods. This is the first nonparametric test of price-dependent preferences. The proposed diamondness measure is applied to observational data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. The results show that this diamondness measure is related to a product's visibility to society, which indicates a certain degree of conspicuous consumption. (JEL D12, P36)

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Wang, James C., Pranati Pillutla, Nadia Tello, Rebecca Gabrilska, Mayank Aranke, Terrell Bibb, Philip D. Watkins y Joehassin Cordero. "Competitiveness of Otolaryngology Residency Applicants without a Home Program". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, n.º 5 (17 de diciembre de 2019): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419892016.

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Purpose: Investigate if otolaryngology residency home programs (HP) are associated with advantages in National Resident Matching Program match compared to applicants without HPs. Methods: Surveys were distributed to fourth-year medical students applying to otolaryngology residency (2015-2016 cycle) via OHNS (2015-2016) Applicants Closed Facebook Page and Otomatch. Applicant data analyzed included HP, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, number of away rotations, and matching at top choice. Results: Applicants were grouped: (1) HP, (2) no HP but have ENT staff (staff), and (3) no HP or staff (none). Ninety-five percent of survey participants matched into otolaryngology (n = 62). A sub-analysis of match preference among matching applicants revealed 63% of participants with HP matched to their first choice compared to 56% (staff) and 14% (none) ( P = .058). Match rate between those with any staff (HP or staff) versus those without was statistically significant ( P = .037). Applicants without HPs went on more away rotations than students with HPs (mean: 2.5 ± 0.5 vs 1.7 ± 0.07, P = .0002). No statistical significance was seen between applicants with/without HP in regards to USMLE scores, publications, or number of interviews. Conclusion: Applicants applying to otolaryngology residency without HPs are as competitive as those who have HPs. However, without HPs, applicants tend to participate in more away rotations and are less likely to match at their top choice.

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Uddin, M. Sheikh Giash y MG Kibria. "Choice of service facility for maternal care and its proximate correlates". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 27, n.º 2 (4 de enero de 2016): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v27i2.26235.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the association between provision of maternal care services and its differentials. The study used data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys. The analysis revealed that the socio-economic status of women has positive impact on the likelihood of seeking antenatal care and delivering birth at a health facility. Women who have secondary and above education, the preference of facility delivery was also high. The likelihood of preferring private sector relative to public sector for delivery care has been increasing over time. The women of richest quintile are 3.5 times more likely to prefer delivery at public facility relative to home than the poorest quintile. The women with secondary and above education are 4 times more likely to deliver their child birth at public facility relative to home. This paper concludes that more attention should be given to the determinants of reproductive health, associated with their interactions such as service provision to reduce maternal morbidity and to achieve the MDG for maternal mortality.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 27(2): 175-185, December-2014

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D. Lewis, B. y D. A. Rohweder. "Distribution, habitat, and conservation status of the Giant Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus in the Bungawalbin catchment, northeastern New South Wales". Pacific Conservation Biology 11, n.º 3 (2005): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050189.

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A distribution and habitat assessment was used to determine the conservation status of the Giant Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus in the Bungawalbin catchment in northeastern New South Wales. Repeated surveys were used to collect presence absence data at 70 sites between January 1997 and March 1999. Giant Barred Frogs were found at 23 sites (33%) comprising five isolated populations which may have contracted from a single remnant population. Habitat analysis revealed frogs showed a significant preference for sites with pool riffle sequences and the presence of undercuts and overhanging vegetation on the primary stream bank. Principal Components Analysis identified five habitat variables that accounted for 73% of the variability in our bi-variate data. We found the level of disturbance to riparian and instream habitats significantly influenced frog distribution, but this trend was not apparent when adjacent habitats outside the riparian zone were analysed. We propose that sedimentation of waterways may have facilitated this decline due to a reduction in the permanency of surface water flows resulting in reduced recruitment opportunities.

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Ehmke, Nancy Jean, Hilary Biddle, Breck Ann Hunnicutt y Stephanie Trenkner. "SEASONS: A prospective study assessing the physical, psychosocial, spiritual, and financial needs of patients with breast and prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, n.º 3_suppl (20 de enero de 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.4.

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4 Background: Three distinct phases or "seasons" of survival have been described by Mulan (1985) including: acute (time of diagnosis to treatment), extended (intermittent treatment to surveillance), permanent (likelihood of recurrence diminishes). Each season is associated with unique physical, psychosocial, spiritual, financial, and educational needs. ASCO has identified education for survivors and their families as essential in achieving high-quality cancer survivorship care. As cancer centers expand survivorship services beyond the first tier (delivery of care plan) to provide educational programs and support services, it is critical to assess survivors' needs throughout their journey. The purpose of this prospective study is to identify the follow-up preferences and the educational, physical, psychosocial, financial, and spiritual needs of breast and prostate cancer survivors during the seasons of survival. Methods: Breast and prostate cancer patients completed the Pearlman-Mayo Survey at the start of treatment(T1), 4-6 weeks (T2)and 8-16 months(T3)after treatment then annually for four years(T4,T5,T6,T7). A series of paired t-tests determined if differences in needs existed between the various time periods. In addition, the Cronback alpha reliability estimation tool was used. Results: A total of 203 survivors were enrolled. 74 surveys were completed between T1 and T2. First Interim results revealed fatigue, nutrition, and sexual issues were of concern. Identified concerns at T3(n = 83) include fatigue, insomnia, hot flashes, and management of household activities. Depression decreased from T1 to T2 but increased at T3.Although decreased libido was reported at T1, more than 60% of respondents were concerned at T3.Respondants indicated a preference to be followed by nurse practitioner. Conclusions: As planning for the second tier of survivorship care begins at Parkview Comprehensive Cancer, educational and supportive programs on fatigue, nutrition, depression and sexuality will be implemented. Data collection and analysis will continue until participants have been followed for four years.

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NASEER, AMIR, MUHAMMAD BILAL, UMAR NASEER, NAUREEN MUSTAFA y BUSHRA ALLAH RAKHA. "Population Density, Habitat Characteristics and Preferences of Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Chakwal, Pakistan". Journal of Bioresource Management 7, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0152.

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The Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a least concern carnivore according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2016). However, in Pakistan Red fox is considered as Near Threatened (NT), due to habitat destruction and depletion of food resources. The objective of the study was to identify habitat preferences and population density of Red fox in District Chakwal, Pakistan. Line transect census method was used to estimate the population density of Red fox through direct sighting and indirect method of burrow counting, presence of footprints and scats. A total of 10 transects were carried out at three potential sites: Devi, Photaki and Chumbisurla Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) in Chakwal based on preliminary surveys. Habitat preference was estimated by comparing three different study sites by quadrat method and found that CWS area is preferred habitat for Red fox. A total of 24 plant species were recorded in the study areas, among them Cynodon dactylon is major herb found to provide shelter to Red fox in all study sites based on Importance value Index (I.V.I) at CWS (IVI=208.8) followed by Devi (IVI=185.93) and Photaki (IVI=142.33). The maximum population density of Red fox through direct sighting at CWS having 0.26 individuals/km2 compared to Devi and Photaki having 0.16 and 0.13 individuals/km2, respectively. The indirect estimation method revealed that maximum dens were found in CWS area compared to Devi and Photaki, while footprints and scats were found maximum in Devi and Photaki, respectively. It is concluded that Red fox preferred habitat is CWS site. Habitat destruction and conflicts with fox are causing the population of the Red fox to dwindle in Chakwal, Pakistan.

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Davahli, Mohammad Reza, Waldemar Karwowski, Sevil Sonmez y Yorghos Apostolopoulos. "The Hospitality Industry in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Topics and Research Methods". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 20 (9 de octubre de 2020): 7366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207366.

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This study reports on a systematic review of the published literature used to reveal the current research investigating the hospitality industry in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The presented review identified relevant papers using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. Of the 175 articles found, 50 papers met the predefined inclusion criteria. The included papers were classified concerning the following dimensions: the source of publication, hospitality industry domain, and methodology. The reviewed articles focused on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including hospitality workers’ issues, loss of jobs, revenue impact, the COVID-19 spreading patterns in the industry, market demand, prospects for recovery of the hospitality industry, safety and health, travel behavior, and preference of customers. The results revealed a variety of research approaches that have been used to investigate the hospitality industry at the time of the pandemic. The reported approaches include simulation and scenario modeling for discovering the COVID-19 spreading patterns, field surveys, secondary data analysis, discussing the resumption of activities during and after the pandemic, comparing the COVID-19 pandemic with previous public health crises, and measuring the impact of the pandemic in terms of economics.

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Lippe, Megan, Phillips Farya, McCulloch Jennifer, Alexandra Stanley, Jones Barbara y Goodgame Boone. "Communicating Oncologic Prognosis With Empathy: A Pilot Study of a Novel Communication Guide". American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 37, n.º 12 (8 de septiembre de 2020): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909120921834.

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Background: Clear communication between patients, families, and health-care providers is imperative to maximize patient outcomes, particularly for patients diagnosed with incurable cancer who require prompt engagement in decision-making. In response to the need to engage in quality patient-centered communication, an interprofessional team, representing medicine, nursing, social work, spiritual care, and clinical psychology, explored extant literature and developed a simple, single-page communication guide that summarizes the prognosis for patients with incurable cancers. The tool was specifically designed to enhance communication for patients, families, and across all members of the treatment and patient support team. Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of the communication guide on patient’s accurate understanding of prognosis and the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Methods: The study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-method design. Using pre- and post-tests, participants completed a prognosis and treatment perception survey and were randomized into control or intervention groups based on preference for prognostic information. The oncologist utilized the communication guide with the participants in the intervention group. Finally, 6-week post-test surveys were completed, followed by an exit interview. Results: Key findings revealed participants prefer receiving detailed information about prognosis and have differing perceptions compared to the oncologists. Understandings of prognosis for patients and oncologists became more congruent following use of the communication guide. Participants found the tool useful and helpful. Conclusions: The communication tool serves as a promising mechanism to enhance patient-centered communication about prognosis for patients with incurable cancer.

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Pas, Haiko I. M. F. L., Stefan Bodde, Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs, Babette Pluim, Ivo J. H. Tiemessen, Johannes L. Tol, Evert Verhagen y Vincent Gouttebarge. "Systematic development of a tennis injury prevention programme". BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, n.º 1 (abril de 2018): e000350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000350.

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IntroductionDespite an injury incidence of up to 3.0/1000 hours of play, there are no published tennis injury prevention programmes. This article aims to describe the developmental process of TennisReady, an e-health tennis-specific injury programme for adult recreational tennis players.Five-step approachA bottom-up, five-step approach was used with the Knowledge Transfer Scheme as a guideline. During the first step, a problem statement among targeted users was carried out. 475 (partially) completed surveys and group interviews (n=8) revealed a preference for an app-based prevention intervention of 10–15 min. As a second step, a systematic review was performed to identify prevention strategies in tennis. None were found. In step 3, during two expert group meetings (n=18), the findings of the first two steps were discussed and goals were formulated. Relevant and potential exercises for the programme were discussed. A subgroup of a total of six physical therapists, physicians and trainers developed the content of the programme in step 4. Step 5 included an evaluation of the exercises in 33 recreational tennis players. Participants evaluated the exercises during training sessions with trainers involved in the programme’s development or their colleagues. Participants evaluated the programme through standardised surveys or group interviews. Based on this evaluation, the programme was adjusted by altering exercises and frequencies, and it was evaluated in a second target group (n=27). The second evaluation did not result in any major changes to the final prevention programme.ConclusionThrough a five-step approach guided by the Knowledge Transfer Scheme, we developed an e-health tennis-specific prevention programme for adult tennis players. This 10 min intervention will require testing in a randomised controlled setting.

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