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Tesis sobre el tema "Reward and punishment theory"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 20 de febrero de 2023

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1

Kaye, Sherrie-Anne. "Individual differences in the processing of punishment and reward cues : an application to road safety messages." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/79616/1/Sherrie-Anne_Kaye_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examined the extent to which individual differences, as conceptualised by the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, influenced young drivers' information processing and subsequent acceptance of anti-speeding messages. Using a multi-method approach, the findings highlighted the utility of combining objective measures (a cognitive response time task and electroencephalography) with self-report measures to assess message processing and message acceptance, respectively. This body of research indicated that responses to anti-speeding messages may differ depending on an individual's

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2

Loxton, Natalie, and n/a. "The Contribution of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Family Risk to Dysfuntional Eating and Hazardous Drinking." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060112.111417.

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This thesis details a continuing body of research investigating the contribution of personality to disordered eating and alcohol abuse in young women. There is growing evidence of high levels of reward sensitivity in women with both disorders, and high levels of punishment sensitivity in dysfunctional eating women. However, it is unlikely that personality alone accounts for the development of such dysfunctional behaviour. Two studies were conducted to further examine the contribution of reward and punishment sensitivity to these disorders. In the first study, 443 university women completed sel

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3

Loxton, Natalie. "The Contribution of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Family Risk to Dysfuntional Eating and Hazardous Drinking." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365289.

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This thesis details a continuing body of research investigating the contribution of personality to disordered eating and alcohol abuse in young women. There is growing evidence of high levels of reward sensitivity in women with both disorders, and high levels of punishment sensitivity in dysfunctional eating women. However, it is unlikely that personality alone accounts for the development of such dysfunctional behaviour. Two studies were conducted to further examine the contribution of reward and punishment sensitivity to these disorders. In the first study, 443 university women completed sel

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4

White, Melanie Jade. "Understanding impulsivity : molecular genetic and environmental influences." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16578/1/Melanie_J._White_Thesis.pdf.

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Features of impulsivity underlie multiple psychological disorders. The body of work examining impulsivity has largely focussed on self-report measurement and has incorporated psychological constructs without reference to the broader biological factors that may influence impulsive behaviour. Two studies were conducted to examine whether environmental stress and genetic status associated with dopaminergic and serotonergic function (DRD2, ANKK1 and 5HT2AR genotypes) were predictive of dimensions of impulsivity and risky behaviour (alcohol use). The two studies used a multi-method approach in a no

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5

White, Melanie Jade. "Understanding impulsivity : molecular genetic and environmental influences." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16578/.

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Features of impulsivity underlie multiple psychological disorders. The body of work examining impulsivity has largely focussed on self-report measurement and has incorporated psychological constructs without reference to the broader biological factors that may influence impulsive behaviour. Two studies were conducted to examine whether environmental stress and genetic status associated with dopaminergic and serotonergic function (DRD2, ANKK1 and 5HT2AR genotypes) were predictive of dimensions of impulsivity and risky behaviour (alcohol use). The two studies used a multi-method approach in a no

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6

Iruela, Marion. "La sanction du comportement du contractant." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU10008.

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L’étude de la sanction du comportement du contractant fait l’objet d’un intérêt particulier à l’heure où la loi de ratification du 21 avril 2018 introduit un mouvement de consécration de la notion. Cet élan se traduit principalement par une volonté politique de renforcer l’attractivité des contrats et la sécurité juridique. Notion polysémique, la sanction revêt une acception incertaine malgré son omniprésence. Est-ce une réaction ? Une punition ? Une réparation ? Elle est tantôt envisagée comme un remède, tantôt caractérisée par sa fonction préventive, réparatrice ou encore punitive. La tâche

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7

Banner, Amy Bennett. "A Comparative Study of the Perceptions of Elementary School Administrators, Teachers, and Students Regarding recess and Free Play in the Public School." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1005.

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According to recent studies, the number of schools that have severely limited or eliminated recess and free-play opportunities is on the rise across the nation. School officials cite the increasing levels of state and federal pressure to perform on standardized tests as the primary reason for this shift away from the playground. The threat of lawsuits and safety concerns are also listed as factors in this change of policy. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to examine the perceptions of directors of schools, supervisors, principals, assistant principals, teachers, and students regar

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8

Asikainen, Anna-Leena. "Reward and punishment : essays on party popularity and economy /." [Helsinki] : University of Helsinki, 2005. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/val/kansa/vk/asikainen/rewardan.pdf.

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9

Scott-Parker, Bridie Jean. "A comprehensive investigation of the risky driving behaviour of young novice drivers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/59638/1/Bridie_Scott-Parker_Thesis.pdf.

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Young novice drivers - that is, drivers aged 16-25 years who are relatively inexperienced in driving on the road and have a novice (Learner, Provisional) driver's licence - have been overrepresented in car crash, injury and fatality statistics around the world for decades. There are numerous persistent characteristics evident in young novice driver crashes, fatalities and offences, including variables relating to the young driver themselves, broader social influences which include their passengers, the car they drive, and when and how they drive, and their risky driving behaviour in particular

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10

Wong, Oi-hing Fanny. "Perceived effectiveness of reward and punishment by secondary school students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2978914X.

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11

Freedberg, Michael Vincent. "Examining the effects of reward and punishment on incidental learning." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3088.

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Reward has been shown to improve multiple forms of learning. However, many of these studies do not distinguish whether reward directly benefits learning or if learning is boosted by modulation of top-down factors such as attention and motivation. The work outlined in this dissertation explores the modulatory effects of reward and punishment without directly manipulating top-down factors such as attention or motivation. We achieved this goal by studying the effects of reward and punishment on incidental learning – a branch of procedural learning where learning occurs without intention and throu

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12

Hultin, Jeremy Foreman. "The concept of recompense in Hebrews." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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13

Draper, Anthony Jonathan. "Jeremy Bentham's theory of punishment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.722686.

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14

Enblom, Kristian. "Duff's Communicative Theory of Punishment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395987.

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15

Quattrocchi, Graziella. "Role of reward and punishment in motor learning in health and after stroke." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044239/.

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Is the carrot more effective than the stick? Through a combination of behavioural experiments, pharmacological manipulations and computational modelling, this thesis investigates the effects of reward and punishment feedback on adaptive motor learning, in both healthy subjects and stroke survivors. The role of error-based motor learning in neurorehabilitation is still unclear partly because, although it leads to fast and large changes in behaviour, these changes are often short-lived once the perturbation is removed. Nevertheless, recent evidence shows that motivational feedback can increase a

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16

James, Simon J. "Money and narrative : Dickens, Gissing and Wells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343894.

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17

Cavanagh, James F. "How Stress Alters Neural Systems of Reinforcement: A Model of Depressive Etiology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195421.

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The primary goal of the proposed research is to identify how stress is internalized to affect cognitive functioning and increase the risk for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Dysfunctional stress reactivity has been proposed to be a risk factor for ongoing affective distress, yet mechanisms underlying this process remain unexplained. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in the etiology of MDD, in the reactivity to stress, as well as in the adaptation of behavior to reinforcement. The combined activities of this particular neural system identify it as a focal node by which

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18

Artenosi, Daniel. "Constructing a moral education theory of punishment." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79282.

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This thesis reconstructs John Rawl's Original Position in order to show that within a liberal democratic culture, the institution of punishment ought to conform to the Moral Education Theory of Punishment, put forth by Jean Hampton. According to Hampton, punishment should facilitate a medium where the state educates the criminal on the moral implications of her wrongdoing. I argue that citizens would select the Moral Education Theory of Punishment in the Original Position, since it offers the best opportunity to redress two calamities related to the criminal's wrongdoing---namely, that

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19

Scott, Sydney R. "Defending the Social Good Theory of Punishment." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/164.

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This paper attempts to justify punishment on the grounds that it is a benefit to the person being punished. I accept the basic premise of a previous theory of punishment, the Moral Good Theory (MGT), which states that we cannot harm anyone. Thus, punishment can only be justified if it is not a harm. The MGT claims that punishment is beneficial in that it provides a moral education to the offender. I I reject the idea that punishment is morally educational and instead propose a new theory which revises and strengthens the MGT, accounting for its flaws. This new theory, the Social Good Theory, a

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20

Murao(Toyoda), Ema. "Differences in Neural Responses to Reward and Punishment Processing between Anorexia Nervosa Subtypes: An fMRI Study." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227589.

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21

Lin, Qianhan. ""Rustication" : punishment or reward? : study of the life trajectories of the generation of the Cultural Revolution." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:264acb5c-9ac9-49de-9677-50149be852ed.

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This thesis contributes to a growing body of research on the impact of China’s rustication programme—a social mobilisation, transferring urban school graduates to rural communities during the Cultural Revolution—on the lives of the Cultural Revolution cohort (CR cohort), and more broadly, to research on the impact of socialist campaigns on social mobility. The analyses of this thesis are based on two national surveys as well as interviews that I conducted with former rusticates and non-rusticates. Distinct from earlier studies which stated that the rustication programme had indiscriminate and

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22

Morison, J. W. E. "The theory of punishment : An investigation of theories of punishment in relation to the preference for excuses." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378483.

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23

Lehman, Philip Kent. "The Timing and Magnitude of Monetary Reward: Testing Hypotheses from Expectancy vs. Reciprocity Theory." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9846.

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Social psychologists have noted that compliance strategies based on the social norm of reciprocity can be an effective tool for changing behavior (e.g., Cialdini, 2001). In contrast to expectancy-based behavior-change strategies, which offer a reward after a behavior is completed (post-behavior reward); reciprocity-based strategies present the reward first in the form of a gift (pre-behavior reward). Although there are no explicit contingencies attached to the gift, a sense of obligation to reciprocate may be a powerful motivator to comply with the request. It was hypothesized that pre-behavio

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24

Drouvelis, Michail. "Essays on framing, free riding, and punishment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11815/.

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This thesis presents an experimental investigation of free riding behaviour and, more particularly, individual responses to it using, as a workhorse, the so called public goods game. This game starkly isolates the conflict between private and collective interest, providing us with a simple measure of the extent of free riding behaviour. The unifying theme of the thesis is elicitation and analysis of different indicators for how subjects perceive free riding under a number of treatment manipulations. Chapter 2 explores how people judge the morality of free riding in a public goods game by elici

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25

Kelly, Laura. "Silent punishment : the experiences of d/Deaf prisoners." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19951/.

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While studies about minority group prisoners are becoming more commonplace in prison research, knowledge about the experiences of hard of hearing (HoH) and d/Deaf prisoners remains limited. A primary aim of this thesis is to provide a more comprehensive understanding about the lives of HoH/d/Deaf people in prisons throughout England and Wales than what is already available, and to explore existing claims that d/Deaf prisoners suffer disproportionately whilst in custody. In order to do this a qualitative methodology is adopted, with semi-structured interviews being carried out with HoH, severel

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26

Beranek, Benjamin. "Essays on inequality aversion, conditional cooperation, and punishment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42327/.

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Recent developments in behavioral and experimental economics have shown that many people display other-regarding motives, in addition to self-interest. These social preferences – which include inequality aversion, conditional cooperation, and motives for punishment – make sense of a number of phenomena left unexplained by standard economic theory. This thesis is a collection of studies examining social preferences using the tools of experimental economics. Chapter 1 introduces the thesis explaining our goals and methods, as well as previewing our substantive contributions. Chapter 2 reports an

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27

Myers, Lindsey P. Myers. "Crime and Punishment: An Empirical Test of Institutional-Anomie Theory." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503049000260017.

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28

Fatic, Aleksandar. "Punishment and restorative crime-handling : a social theory of trust." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143619.

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The general aim of this work is to examine the main features of some of the most influential contemporary theories of criminal justice, to look at their conceptual and methodological relative advantages and shortcomings, and to try to glean in them a direction for the devising of a more promising, more optim ising way of accounting for crime and deviance, as well as for prospects of successful social control. The general contention of the work is that the key question to be asked in this respect is what value ought to lie at the base of all such explanatory attempts. The general answer,

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29

Soder, Heather E. "Contributions of Appetitive and Aversive Motivational Systems to Decision-Making." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7444.

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Optimal decision-making entails outcome evaluation, comparing received costs and benefits with predicted costs and benefits. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain area with major connections to the appetitive and aversive motivation systems, may provide the neural substrate of this evaluation process. One way to measure the relative contribution of these systems on decision-making is to measure individual differences in risk-taking behaviors. For individuals who make risky choices, this evaluation step may be biased: some show a preference for immediate, short-term r

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30

Weber, Till O. "Strong reciprocity : norms and preferences governing cooperation and punishment behaviour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51693/.

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Many problems that societies face have the character of social dilemmas, in which cooperation benefits the whole society but is costly to the individual. The recent literature in experimental economics has focused on uncovering driving factors of cooperative success in social dilemmas. This thesis contributes to this literature and includes three research studies that investigate the influence of individual cooperative dispositions, societal and cultural differences, as well as institutional differences on human cooperative behaviour. Chapter 1 introduces the research questions, discusses the

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31

Song, Chanho. "AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE PERFORMANCE OF REFERRAL REWARD PROGRAMS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1429129094.

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32

Hoover, Edward Rickamer. "The impact of reward power on creativity : does it depend on the nature of the reward?" [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002153.

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33

Salie, Saleemah. "A formative theory evaluation of a staff reward and recognition programme." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11141.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-48).<br>This formative theory evaluation investigated the feasibility of the programme theory underlying a staff reward and recognition intervention within a retail setting. It contained academic literature which discussed the effects of reward and recognition programmes on motivation and turnover. In addition, best practice guidelines for motivational reward and recognition programmes were used as measure of comparison against the programme's theory. The evaluation questions contained in this dissertation covered various programme evaluation elem

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34

Seabourne, Daisy. "The communicative theory of punishment and the problem of dangerous offenders." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/116396/.

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A communicative theory of punishment is justified because it expresses censure and engages with the offender as a deserved response to the wrong that has been committed. The communicative theory treats all offenders as rational, autonomous agents capable of understanding and engaging with moral discourse. The focus of this thesis is R A Duff’s communicative theory of punishment which states that punishment as communication should involve what he calls secular penance, this aims to encourage the offender to repent, reconcile and reform. In this thesis I will present an argument in support of Du

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35

Wirts, Amelia Marie. "Criminal Oppression: A Non-Ideal Theory of Criminal Law and Punishment." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108954.

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Thesis advisor: David M. Rasmussen<br>This dissertation defines and defends the concept of ‘criminal oppression.’ Criminal oppression occurs when people are excluded from full participation in important social and political institutions because they are perceived to have violated certain community norms. Oppression is primarily a structural phenomenon, in which practices of formal and informal institutions unjustly harm people based on group membership. In structural oppression, there is rarely an individual who can be said to be responsible for the oppression, but I argue that at times, indiv

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36

Kayser, Marcos. "A mecânica do desejo no desencadeamento da ação no Leviatã de Thomas Hobbes." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2023.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:01:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 18<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Neste trabalho analisaremos o conceito de desejo e seu desdobramento na teoria de Thomas Hobbes, identificando-o como um elemento fundamental na constituição do corpo, a partir da antropologia, ou psicologia empírica, desenvolvida por Hobbes, subvertendo a ordem tradicional do universo ético e político. Desejo que aparece como uma força, um impulso que dá movimento a vida, sinônimo de felicidade, mas que, por sua desmedida in

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37

Van, der Walt Richard. "Employer brand identification influence on total reward structure." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26387.

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Companies compete for employees based on their perceived employer brand value. This study investigates what influences a strong or weak employer brand has on the preference for total rewards. The results should assist remuneration agents in appropriately leveraging the company’s employer brand value, as a factor, when compiling a total rewards package for potential employees. A questionnaire was developed, asking participants to indicate their preferences relating to total rewards in the context of their current employer, with regard to stronger and weaker employer brands. Results of the study

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38

Sweetin, Vernon Harold. "WILLINGNESS TO REWARD OR PUNISH BRANDS AS MODERATORS FOR THE BRAND PERSONALITY DIMENSION OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/182.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF VERNON SWEETIN, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, DEPARTMENT OF MARKETING, COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, presented on June 23, 2010, at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. TITLE: WILLINGNESS TO REWARD OR PUNISH BRANDS AS MODERATORS FOR THE BRAND PERSONALITY DIMENSION OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. John H. Summey Social responsibility has received empirical support for its addition to the Brand Personality construct. The objectives of this study were first, to compare and contrast attitudinal reactions to varying des

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39

Marshall, Pablo. "Criminal disenfranchisement : a debate on punishment, citizenship and democracy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5968/.

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Many convicted offenders around the world do not vote in elections because they have been disenfranchised, which is the legal deprivation of their voting rights as a consequence of their convictions. Addressing this practice from the perspective of legal and constitutional theory, this dissertation deals with the question of how modern democracies should understand the connection between the right to vote and the commission of a criminal offence. After careful analysis of issues related to the democratic importance of the right to vote, the civic virtue of offenders and the requirements of a d

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40

Guerra, Roberto C. "The Role of Impulsivity and Reward Reactivity in Gray's Behavioral Activation System: Self-Reported Behavior and Autonomic Response to Reward." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78076.

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The Behavioral Activation System (BAS) has been described as playing a central role in approach motivation and reward sensitivity (Gray, 1970). Self-report measures of BAS (e.g., Carver & White, 1994) have been used to index BAS activity, with higher scores interpreted as indicating greater BAS activity (e.g., Hundt et al., 2008). However, Beauchaine and colleagues (e.g., Brenner, Beauchaine, & Sylvers, 2005) have challenged this view, noting psychophysiological and neuroimaging evidence showing that externalizing behaviors are associated with reduced BAS functioning. Furthermore, global self-

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41

Willis, Angela. "TIME ON FLORIDA'S DEATH ROW: A THEORY OF "BENIGN NEGLECT"." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3896.

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This thesis attempts to identify and explain what influences the length of time an inmate spends on Florida's death row. A systematic random sample of 33 Florida death row inmates was drawn from the Florida Department of Corrections death row roster and the Florida Commission on Capital Cases inmate roster. Documented for each death row inmate was how long he spent on Florida's death row navigating the various stages and steps in Florida's post-conviction capital punishment process. The data show that petitions to the state trial courts and appeals to the Florida Supreme Court take the longest

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42

Davids, Aayesha. "Investigating the use of generational cohort theory to identify total reward preferences." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31608.

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Background: Anecdotal accounts of stereotypes and/or generalisations about perceived generational differences within the workplace have become commonplace. Generational cohort theories are often used to identify generational cohorts of employees that are argued to be different, including having differing expectations, needs, preferences and even values. In addressing and/or accommodating such individual differences organisations are increasingly adopting strategies and interventions that take such generational differences amongst employees into account (Costanza & Finkelstein, 2015). Addre

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43

Schlaupitz, Sheila M. "Race, Religion, And Attitudes Toward Capital Punishment: A Test Of Attribution Theory." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000228.

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44

French, Nathan. "A theocentric interpretation of הדעת טוב ורע : the knowledge of good and evil as the knowledge for administering reward and punishment". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=237449.

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The Eden Narrative (EN) pivots upon humans acquiring הדעת ,טובורע “the knowledge of good and bad/evil” (Gen 2:9, 17; 3:5, 22). This study will offer a revised interpretation of this enigmatic phrase. Although long debated, scholars remain in disagreement regarding a consensus interpretation of הדעת .טוב ורע Proposed interpretations of this phrase include: Mental Faculty of Discrimination (Basic and Moral); Wisdom; Omniscience; Cultural Knowledge; Sexual Knowledge; Maturity; Moral Discernment; Moral Autonomy; and Magic (amongst others).The majority of interpreters agree that because a phrase ak

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45

Phillips, Cody J. "Video game reward types and the player experience." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119100/1/Cody_Phillips_Thesis.pdf.

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The thesis developed a system for categorising video game rewards, and explored the impact of those reward types on the player experience. We found that a diverse assortment of reward types is associated with increased player enjoyment, and that an individual's trait reward responsiveness also plays an important role in facilitating enjoyment. Participants with higher levels of trait reward responsiveness may be more likely to enjoy video games than people with comparatively low levels of trait reward responsiveness.

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46

Ritter, Samuel. "Meta-reinforcement Learning with Episodic Recall| An Integrative Theory of Reward-Driven Learning." Thesis, Princeton University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13420812.

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<p> Research on reward-driven learning has produced and substantiated theories of model-free and model-based reinforcement learning (RL), which respectively explain how humans and animals learn reflexive habits and build prospective plans. A highly developed line of work has unearthed the role of striatal dopamine in model-free learning, while the prefrontal cortex (PFC) appears to critically subserve model-based learning. The recent theory of meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) explained a wide array of findings by positing that the model-free dopaminergic reward prediction error trains the

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Erickson, Emilie Jane. "Oral Syringe Training Animals: Indiscriminable and Discriminable Punishment Contingencies." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271810/.

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Animals are commonly trained to perform behaviors during routine husbandry procedures. However, some husbandry procedures have aversive consequences when the real procedure is performed. This commonly results in loss of the trained behavior. The present study assessed whether maintaining the antecedent environmental stimulus conditions between appetitive and aversive outcomes would prevent this effect and, conversely, whether adding a stimulus discrepancy would facilitate this effect. Three domestic rats served as participants in a multiple baseline across participants design with multi-elemen

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Graham, Mark Charles. "Economics of crime and punishment : with reference to the Scottish criminal justice system." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23945.

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Li, Jun. "Learning Average Reward Irreducible Stochastic Games: Analysis and Applications." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000136.

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Roper, Zachary Joseph Jackson. "The manifold role of reward value on visual attention." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2005.

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The environment is abundant with visual information. Each moment, this information competes for representation in the brain. From billboards and pop-up ads to smart phones and flat screens, in modern society our attention is constantly drawn from one salient object to the next. Learning how to focus on the objects that are most important for the current task is a major developmental hurdle. Fortunately, rewards help us to learn what is important by providing feedback signals to the brain. Sometimes,

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