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1
Li, Yuting, Siwei Li, Yumeng Zhao, Tao Zhou, Xuehong Wu, and Can Zhao. "Six Novel Mycoviruses Containing Positive Single-Stranded RNA and Double-Stranded RNA Genomes Co-Infect a Single Strain of the Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 PT." Viruses 14, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040813.
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Six novel mycoviruses that collectively represent the mycovirome of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-3 PT strain ZJ-2H, which causes potato black scurf, were identified through metatranscriptome sequencing and putatively designated as Rhizoctonia solani fusarivirus 4 [RsFV4, positive single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA)], Rhizoctonia solani fusarivirus 5 (RsFV5, +ssRNA), Rhizoctonia solani mitovirus 40 (RsMV40, +ssRNA), Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus 10 [RsPV10, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)], Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus 11 (RsPV11, dsRNA), and Rhizoctonia solani RNA virus 11 (RsRV11, dsRNA). Whole genome sequences of RsFV4, RsMV40, RsPV10, RsPV11, and RsRV11, as well as a partial genome sequence of RsFV5, were obtained. The 3’- and 5’- untranslated regions of the five mycoviruses with complete genome sequences were folded into stable stem-loop or panhandle secondary structures. RsFV4 and RsFV5 are most closely related to Rhizoctonia solani fusarivirus 1 (RsFV1), however, the first open reading frame (ORF) of RsFV4 and RsFV5 encode a hypothetical protein that differs from the first ORF of RsFV1, which encodes a helicase. We confirmed that RsPV10 and RsPV11 assemble into the spherical virus particles (approximately 30 nm in diameter) that were extracted from strain ZJ-2H. This is the first report that +ssRNA and dsRNA viruses co-infect a single strain of R. solani AG-3 PT.
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Silva, Ricardo Ferrari, and Eiko Eurya Kuramae. "Análise do DNA plasmidial de Rhizoctonia spp. associadas com feijoeiro e amendoinzeiro." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 24 (April 30, 2008): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v24i0.2287.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo isolar plasmídios de Rhizoctonia solani e Rhizoctonia spp. binucleada e verificar sua presença com patogenicidade. Isolados de Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HGI, obtidos de feijoeiro, e isolados hipovirulentos de Rhizoctonia spp. binucleada, obtidos de feijoeiro e de amendoinzeiro, coletados em diversas regiões produtoras do Estado de São Paulo foram analisados quanto à presença de DNA plasmidial. Foi constatado DNA plasmidial no isolado FJ-39.10, obtido de Rhizoctonia solani em feijoeiro, com tamanho de 2,6 kb. Não foi possível estabelecer correlação entre a presença de plasmídios e a virulência ou hipovirulência dos isolados
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Kurzawińska, H., and I. Gajda. "Fungi isolated from soil with quicksets of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and their influence on the growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rhizoctonia solani." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 631–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10576-pps.
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Chamaecyparis lawsoniana is often attacked by other pathogens (from genera: Phytophthora, Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia) both when the quicksets are taken root and later, when the young plants are planted. The aim of the study was to determine an effect of saprobiotic fungi isolated from soil with quicksets Chamaecyparis lawsoniana on the growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rhizoctonia solani. In our experiment, method series biotic was used (MAŃKA 1974). This method allowed to determine index of impendence for plants by Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rhizoctonia solani with the help of summary biotic effect. The results of observation on the biotic interaction of saprobiotic fungi isolated from soil with quicksets Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, analysed as biotic series and Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rhizoctonia solani showed, that this of fungal community did not limited growth of these pathogens. Summary biotic effects were negative. Environment of saprobiotic fungi more promoted growth of Rhizoctonia solani than Phytophthora cinnamomi. It means, that in the soil under Chamaecyparis lawsoniana crop, Rhizoctonia solani could have a better of conditions for growth than Phytophthora cinnamomi.
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Poromarto, Susilo H., Berlin D. Nelson, and Thomas P. Freeman. "Association of Binucleate Rhizoctonia with Soybean and Mechanism of Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani." Phytopathology® 88, no. 10 (October 1998): 1056–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.10.1056.
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The association of binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) AG-K with soybean and the interaction of BNR, R. solani AG-4, and soybean seedlings were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of biocontrol of R. solani by BNR. Sixty-hour-old seedlings were inoculated and incubated in a growth chamber at 24°C; plants were examined with light microscopy and with scanning and transmission electron microscopy at various times following inoculation. BNR grew over hypocotyls, roots, and root hairs, but only colonized epidermal cells. Hyphae of BNR appeared to attach to the epidermis and, 5.5 h following inoculation, began penetrating cells by means of penetration pegs without forming distinct appressoria or infection cushions. There was evidence of cuticle degradation at the point of penetration. Infection hyphae moved to adjacent epidermal cells by direct penetration of epidermal radial walls. There were epidermal and cortical cell necrosis, beginning with the fragmentation of the tonoplast and followed by the disintegration of cytoplasm, organelles, and plasma membranes. Cell necrosis was also observed in adjacent cells where there was no evidence of BNR hyphae. Cell walls were not destroyed. After 144 h, there was noevidence of BNR hyphae in cortical cells. Attempted penetrations were observed, but papillae formed on the inside of cortical cell walls. Pre-inoculation of soybean seedlings with BNR 24 or 48 h before inoculation with R. solani (1 cm between inocula) affected the growth of R. solani on soybean tissue. There were fewer hyphae of R. solani, the hyphae branched sparingly, and infection cushions were rare when compared with hyphal growth on soybean inoculated only with R. solani. These effects were observed before the BNR hyphae began to intermingle with the hyphae of R. solani on the surface of the inoculated host. Preinoculation of soybean seedlings 24 h before inoculation with R. solani significantly (P = 0.05) reduced disease incidence and severity caused by R. solani AG-4. The lesions caused by R. solani always appeared distally, not proximally, to the BNR inoculum. The interactions of intermingling hyphae of BNR and R. solani were examined in vitro and on the surface of the host. There was no evidence of lysis, mycoparasitism, inhibition of growth, or any other form of antagonism between hyphae. The results of these studies strongly suggest that induced resistance is the mechanism of biocontrol of R. solani on soybean by BNR. The inhibition of hyphal growth of R. solani on the surface of soybean tissue preinoculated with BNR appears to be a novel characteristic of induced resistance.
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K.Gurme, Manisha. "Comparative antifungal Evaluation of Azadirachta indica juss leaf extract against Rhizoctonia solani causing leaf blight of Turmeric." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27338.
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In the present study the aqueous and methanol leaves extracts of Azadirachta indica using different concentrations from 10 to 40% were tested in Vitro by following poisoned food technique against Rhizoctonia solani causing leaf blight of turmeric. The used concentrations of leaves extract were as 0.0 (control), 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The aqueous Azadirachta indica leaves extract at 30% concentration and methanolic leaves extract at 40% concentration were found to be best in reducing the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Turmeric. Rhizoctonia solani.
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Tuncer, S., and C. Eken. "Anastomosis grouping of Rhizoctonia solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from pepper in Erzincan, Turkey." Plant Protection Science 49, No. 3 (June 18, 2013): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2012-pps.
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Ninety eight isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from roots of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in Erzincan, Turkey during the period 2007–2008. The most prevalent multinucleate anastomosis groups (AG) were AG-4 (85.2%), followed by AG-2 type 1 (7.4%), AG-6 (5.0%), and AG-3 (2.5%). The population of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. comprised AG-A (82.4%), AG-K (11.8%), and AG-G (5.9%). Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 and AG-6, as well as binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. AG-G and AG-K on pepper (C. annuum) were firstly determined in this study. During both in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity experiments differences in virulence level between R. solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. isolates were observed. Isolates of R. solani AG-2 type 1 and AG-4 were the most virulent, binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. isolates of AG-A were less virulent, whereas binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. isolates of AG-G and AG-K were non-pathogenic.  
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Kumari, Anupam, P. K. Jha, and Anamita Sen. "In vitro Inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani Radial Growth by Native Mycoflora: Implications for Root Rot Disease in Chili." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, no. 2 (February 16, 2024): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i2695.
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In the course of the study, native bioagents isolated from the rhizosphere of the chili crop were used to manage the soil-borne pathogens Rhizoctonia solani. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar in the year 2020-23. The soil microflora (fungal and bacterial) was isolated from the rhizosphere of Chili and screened in vitro by evaluating their antagonistic potential against Rhizoctonia solani, and resultantly two fungal and two bacterial isolates were found most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen over control. The maximum percent inhibition was recorded in the case of Trichoderma harzianum (71.98%) followed by Trichoderma viride (62.54%) and among the bacterial isolates maximum inhibition was recorded in the case of RB1 that inhibit (69.38%), followed by RB6 (66.42%). Overall, these findings suggest that the combination of Trichoderma and Bacteria could be an effective and sustainable method for reducing the radial growth of Rhizoctonia solani causing Root rot disease in chilli. Rhizoctonia solani was established as a causal organism of chili. The use of Bio-control agents is an eco-friendly approach and a good option to manage soil borne phyto-pathogens. These biological control agents either use the mechanism of antibiosis or mycoparasitism against the fungal pathogen. Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. and Bacterial isolates against Rhizoctonia solani showed that significantly reduced the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani in vitro.
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Hidayah, Nurul, Kristiana Sri Wijayanti, and Nur Asbani. "Keefektifan Kalsium Polisulfida terhadap Rhizoctonia solani dan Rhizoctonia bataticola secara In Vitro." Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri 4, no. 1 (October 10, 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bultas.v4n1.2012.32-36.
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<p>Rhizoctonia solani dan R. bataticola merupakan jamur patogen pada tanaman kapas yang sulit dikendalikan, karena dapat menghasilkan sklerosia sebagai struktur istirahatnya di dalam tanah meskipun tidak ada inang. Perlindungan tanaman sejak awal perlu dilakukan untuk melindungi dari serangan patogen tersebut. Pengguna-an kalsium polisulfida yang merupakan pestisida ramah lingkungan dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mengenda-likan penyakit yang diakibatkan kedua jamur tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan kalsium polisulfida dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur R. solani dan R. bataticola secara in vitro. Tu-juh level konsentrasi kalsium polisulfida yakni 0% (kontrol); 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; 2%; 2,5%; dan 3% masing-masing dituang ke dalam cawan petri kemudian ditambahkan dengan 10 ml media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Inokulum R. solani dan R. bataticola masing-masing secara terpisah diinokulasikan setelah media pa-dat dan diinkubasi pada suhu kamar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara in vitro, kalsium polisulfida hanya mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselia jamur R. solani dan R. bataticola sampai dengan hari kedua setelah perlakuan. Setelah itu persentase penghambatannya berangsur-angsur menurun.</p><p> </p><p>Both of Rhizoctonia solani and R. bataticola are the difficult fungal pathogens to control since they can pro-duce sclerotia as the resting spore in the soil even though there is no host. An early plant protection is im-portant to defend from the pathogen infection. The use of calcium polysulfide, an environmentally friendly pesticide, could be an alternative method to control diseases caused by both of them. The objective of this research was to identify the potency of calcium polysulfide in inhibiting of R. solani and R. bataticola growth in vitro. There were seven level of concentration of calcium polysulphide, ie. 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%, were poured onto petridish and added by PDA medium. R. solani and R. bataticola inocula were inoculated onto agar plate separately and incubated in room temperature. The result indicated that calcium polysulfide could inhibit the growth of R. solani and R. bataticola in vitro until two days after inoculation (dai), after that its capability was decreased slowly.</p>
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Koka, Jahangir Abdullah, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mohd Yaqub Bhat, Tariq Ahmad Wani, and Shazia Parveen. "Antimycotic activity of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiale: Lamiaceae) and Iris kashmiriana Baker (Asparagales: Iridaceae) against some vegetable rot fungi." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 9 (2018): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.050908.
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Antifungal activities of different solvent extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiale: Lamiaceae) and Iris kashmiriana Baker (Asparagales: Iridaceae) were carried out through agar well diffusion assay at three concentrations (25 uL, 50 uL and 75 uL) against seven rot causing fungi, viz. Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger, Mucor plumbeus, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Trichothecium roseum and Rhizoctonia solani. All the concentration of plant extracts showed antimycotic activity against tested pathogenic fungi. Antimycotic activity increased with the increased concentrations of plant extracts. However, higher concentrations proved more effective than lower concentrations. It was revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Ajuga bracteosa showed maximum antimycotic activity against Mucor plumbeus and Rhizoctonia solani and least activity against Penicillium chrysogenum. However, the aqueous extract of Ajuga bracteosa showed maximum antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Penicillium expansum and least activity against Trichothecium roseum. It was further revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Iris kashmiriana showed maximum antimycotic activity against Aspergillus niger and least activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Whereas the aqueous extract of Iris kashmiriana showed maximum antimycotic activity against Penicillium expansum and Rhizoctonia solani and least activity against Aspergillus niger.
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Singh, Ankit Kumar, Ramji Singh, Prashant Mishra, and Brijesh Kumar. "Assessing the In vitro Antagonistic Effects of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas Bioagents on Rice Sheath Blight Pathogen." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, SUPPL (2024): S199—S203. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i03s.036.
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Sheath blight, caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, is a devastating disease that poses a significant threat to rice production worldwide. In recent years, biocontrol agents such as Trichoderma and Pseudomonas have gained attention for their potential to manage sheath blight while minimizing the environmental impact associated with chemical pesticides. The present investigation assessed the effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens on Rhizoctonia solani in vitro after collection and mass multiplication from different locations. The dual culture assay revealed complex interactions between R. solani and biocontrol agents such as T. harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens. T. harzianum exhibited significant antagonistic activity, as evidenced by the inhibition of R. solani growth, hyphal coiling around R. solani mycelia, and direct mycoparasitic interactions. Pseudomonas fluorescens, on the other hand, demonstrated an indirect antagonistic effect by producing siderophores and antibiotics that hindered the growth of Rhizoctonia solani. Trichoderma harzianum isolate (IRRI-1) was found to be most inhibitory for Rhizoctonia solani in vitro followed by Trichoderma harzianum (SV-3) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF-2). These observations provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the biocontrol potential of T. harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens against R. solani. In conclusion, the dual culture assay proved to be an effective method for studying the interactions between R. solani and biocontrol agents. The findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of biocontrol agents and offer valuable information for the development of sustainable agricultural strategies aimed at managing plant diseases caused by R. solani.
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Shekhawat, Deependra Singh, R. K. Bagri, A. L. Yadav, Priyanka Bhati, B. Bhagchand Yadav, and Suresh Kumawat. "Studies on Different Host Range of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) under Pot House." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 22 (November 24, 2023): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i224147.
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The pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani has a wide host range infecting crops. In order to find out the host range of R. solani causing root rot of fenugreek, 13 plant species were selected which are commonly found in fenugreek growing ecosystem. Root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani has become an important constraint to the growers in Rajasthan. Rhizoctonia solani cause root rot in chick pea, chilli, coriander, fenugreek, cumin, wheat, barley, okra, field pea, tomato, fennel and cabbage but spinach was not infected. Out of these plants maximum disease incidence was observed in paan methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum) i.e., 57.82 per cent whereas, minimum 28.31 per cent disease incidence was observed in barley (Hordeum vulgare).
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Al-Hammouri, A., W. Lindemann, S. Sanogo, S. Thomas, and R. Steiner. "Short Communication: Interaction between Rhizoctonia solani and Meloidogyne incognita on chile pepper in soil infested simultaneously with both plant pathogens." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 1 (January 2013): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-037.
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Al-Hammouri, A., Lindemann, W., Sanogo, S., Thomas, S. and Steiner, R. 2013. Short Communication: Interaction between Rhizoctonia solani and Meloidogyne incognita on chile pepper in soil infested simultaneously with both plant pathogens. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 67–69. The interaction of Rhizoctonia solani and Meloidogyne incognita was examined on chile. The frequency of recovery of Rhizoctonia, Meloidogyne egg counts, the Meloidogyne reproduction factor, and plant growth parameters were measured at 45, 60, and 75 d after soil infestation. The reproduction rate of M. incognita was not affected by the presence of R. solani. Similarly, R. solani infection was not affected by the presence of M. incognita. Neither plant biomass nor plant physiological measurements were affected by co-infectation with R. solani and M. incognita. These results indicate that little or no synergistic effect between R. solani and M. incognita occurred as a result of co-infection, and that no added adverse impact on chile occurred.
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Wallon, Thérèse, Andréanne Sauvageau, and Hervé Van der Heyden. "Detection and Quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IB Causing the Bottom Rot of Lettuce in Tissues and Soils by Multiplex qPCR." Plants 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010057.
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In the muck soil region of southwestern Quebec, vegetable growers are threatened by several soilborne diseases, particularly the bottom rot of lettuce caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The particularly warm temperature of the few last seasons was marked by an increase in disease severity, and the associated yield losses were significant for Quebec lettuce growers. In the absence of registered fungicides and resistant cultivars, the management of Rhizoctonia solani-induced diseases in lettuce is based on good agricultural practices, which require detailed knowledge of the pathogen. In this study, Rhizoctonia solani fungal strains were isolated from infected field-grown lettuce plants presenting bottom rot symptoms to determine the anastomotic groups (AGs) of these isolates by internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequencing. Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB was identified as the main anastomotic group causing bottom rot lettuce in field-grown lettuce in organic soils in the Montérégie region. Two specific and sensitive quantitative PCR assays were then developed for R. solani AG1-IB and R. solani. The AG 1-IB qPCR assay amplified all strains of R. solani AG 1-IB tested, and no PCR product was obtained for any non-target strains. The R. solani qPCR assay amplified all strains of R. solani and did not amplify non-target strains, except for two strains of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-E. In artificially inoculated soils, the sensitivity of both qPCR assays was set to 1 μg of sclerotia g−1 of dry soil. In the growth chamber experiment, a minimum concentration between 14 and 42 μg sclerotia g−1 of dry soil was required to induce the development of symptoms on the lettuce. Indeed, the AG 1-IB qPCR assay was sensitive enough to detect the lowest soil concentration of AG1-IB capable of inducing symptoms in head lettuce. In addition, the qPCR assays successfully detected R. solani and R. solani AG 1-IB from infected plant tissue samples and soil samples from lettuce fields. The qPCR assays developed in this study will be useful tools in lettuce bottom rot management.
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Skonieczek, Paweł, and Mirosław Nowakowski. "Występowanie sprawców zgorzeli siewek buraka na stanowiskach z uprawą buraka cukrowego." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 267 (March 31, 2013): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37317/biul-2013-0059.
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Z plantacji buraka cukrowego na terenie województw: kujawsko-pomorskiego, pomorskiego i warmińsko-mazurskiego dostarczono w 2010 roku do IHAR — PIB w Bydgoszczy 11 prób porażonych korzeni buraka cukrowego i gleby celem zbadania występowania grzybów, w tym Rhizoctonia solani. W próbach gleby oceniono zawartość makroskładników pokarmowych, zasolenie i pH. Glebę umieszczono w kuwetach i wysiano w nich nasiona buraka cukrowego. Na porażonych młodych roślinach buraka stwierdzono obecność grzybów z rodzaju: Fusarium, Aphanomyces, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Verticillium, Cladosporium i Alternaria. Rhizoctonia solani wykryto w glebie pochodzącej z miejscowości Minikowo i Sypniewo (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie) oraz Wandowo (woj. pomorskie). W wymienionych glebach wykazano następujące porażenie siewek buraka przez R. solani: 15,3% (średnio dla odmian buraka cukrowego: Janosik i Jenna) 7,9% (Janosik) i 15,7% (Janosik). Na preparatach z porażoną tkanką buraka obserwowano wielokrotnie jednoczesne występowanie wielu grzybów, wśród których dominowały rodzaje: Aphanomyces, Fusarium, Pythium, Verticillum i Rhizoctonia. Badania nadesłanych prób korzeni i gleby potwierdziły w 3 przypadkach obecność R. solani w glebie i na roślinie.
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Sykes, Virginia R., Brandon J. Horvath, David S. McCall, Antonius B. Baudoin, Shawn D. Askew, James M. Goatley, and Scott E. Warnke. "Screening Tall Fescue for Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia zeae Using Digital Image Analysis." Plant Disease 104, no. 2 (February 2020): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-19-1070-re.
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Brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a destructive disease on tall fescue. Compared with R. solani, Rhizoctonia zeae causes indistinguishable symptoms in the field but varies in geographic distribution. This may contribute to geographic variability observed in the resistance response of improved brown patch–resistant cultivars. This study examined R. solani and R. zeae susceptibility of four cultivars, selected based on brown patch performance in the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP), and nine plant introductions (PIs). Twenty genotypes per PI/cultivar were evaluated by using four clonal replicates in a randomized complete block design. Plants were inoculated under controlled conditions with two repetitions per pathogen. Disease severity was assessed digitally in APS Assess, and analysis of variance and correlations were performed in SAS 9.3. Mean disease severity was higher for R. solani (65%) than for R. zeae (49%) (P = 0.0137). Interaction effects with pathogen were not significant for PI (P = 0.0562) but were for genotype (P < 0.001). Moderately to highly resistant NTEP cultivars compared with remaining PIs exhibited lower susceptibility to R. zeae (P < 0.0001) but did not differ in susceptibility to R. solani (P = 0.7458). Correlations between R. solani and R. zeae disease severity were not significant for either PI (R = 0.06, P = 0.8436) or genotype (R = 0.11, P = 0.09). Breeding for resistance to both pathogens could contribute to a more geographically stable resistance response. Genotypes were identified with improved resistance to R. solani (40), R. zeae (122), and both pathogens (26).
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NAZAROV, V. N., I. I. BUSKO, I. V. LEVANTSEVICH, L. A. MANTSEVICH, and M. M. TIMOHOVA. "POTATOES SELECTION MATERIAL ASSESSMENT BY SPROUTS AND TUBERS FOR RESISTANCE TO RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI KUHN." Potato Growing 28 (December 28, 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/0134-9740-2020-28-91-96.
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The two-year data on resistance of competitive variety trials of potatoes hybrids to Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. are presented in the article. The estimation of potatoes breeding material for sprouts and tubers for resistance to Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. is given and some hybrids are recommended for breeding process.
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NAZAROV, V. N., I. I. BUSKO, I. V. LEVANTSEVICH, L. A. MANTSEVICH, and M. M. TIMOHOVA. "POTATOES BREEDING MATERIAL ASSESSMENT FOR RESISTANCE TO RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI KUHN." Potato Growing 29 (December 22, 2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/0134-9740-2021-29-93-97.
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The two-year data on resistance of competitive variety trials of potatoes hybrids to Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. are presented in the article. The evaluation of potatoes breeding material for sprouts and tubers for resistance to Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. is given and some hybrids have been recommended for selective breeding.
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Sun, Aili, Lianjing Zhao, Yang Sun, Yingrui Chen, Chengyun Li, Wenhan Dong, and Genhua Yang. "Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of a Mycovirus Closely Related to the Partitivirus RhsV717 That Confers Hypovirulence in Rhizoctonia solani." Viruses 15, no. 10 (October 13, 2023): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15102088.
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Rhizoctonia solani virus717 (RhsV717) was isolated from the Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) AG-2 strain Rhs717. This study isolated a virus designated as Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus BS-5 (RsPV-BS5) from the R. solani AG-3 strain BS-5, the causal agent of tobacco target spot disease. The virus was identified as a strain of RhsV717. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that RsPV-BS5 had virus particles with a diameter of approximately 40 nm. Importantly, it can be horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis and vertically transmitted via sexual basidiospores. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that RsPV-BS5 infection significantly impedes mycelial growth and induces hypovirulence in tobacco leaves. Thus, RsPV-BS5 presents a promising avenue for biocontrolling tobacco target spot disease. Transcriptome analysis unveiled differential expression of four genes related to cell wall-degrading enzymes between two isogenic strains, 06-2-15V and 06-2-15. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanism through which RsPV-BS5 reduces host pathogenicity.
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Al-Obaidi, Muhannad Hamid Younis, and Mohammed Sameer Idrees Alsawaf. "Effect of aqueaus and alcoholic of paulownia tomentosa l. Leaves extract on casuarina equisetifola root rot." Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 14, 2024): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22194/jgias/24.1137.
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This study, conducted at the Department of Forestry Sciences in the College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, aimed to analyze the seasonal distribution of Casuarina root rot disease. Field surveys across private and public nurseries in Mosul during November 2020, January, March, May, July, and September 2021 facilitated the investigation. The highest disease incidence was recorded in May 2021 at 24%, contrasting with a low of 10% in January 2021. The identification of causal agents revealed the presence of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. Notably, Fusarium solani exhibited a peak isolation rate of 52% in July 2021, while Rhizoctonia solani displayed the lowest rate at 10.33% in January 2021. Furthermore, the assessment of Paulownia tomentosa leaf extract's impact on fungal growth inhibition illustrated the superior performance of the alcoholic extract. The alcoholic extract achieved 100% inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani growth at the fourth concentration, whereas the aqueous extract exhibited a minimal inhibition rate of 2.50% at the first concentration
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AV, Reddy Kumar, N. Kiran Kumar, VB Sanath Kumar, L. Vijaykumar, and SB Yogananda. "Interaction studies on Rhizoctonia solani, sheath blight pathogen and brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 62, no. 1 (March 31, 2025): 59–67. https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2025.62.1.7.
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The association of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), a widespread fungal disease in rice and the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), a major rice pest, presents a significant challenge in rice production. Brown planthopper feeding may increase plant susceptibility to sheath blight by weakening plant defenses and facilitating fungal invasion through the wounds they create. The synergistic effects of brown planthopper and sheath blight infestation result in significant yield losses, complicating management strategies. Three sets of interactions were conducted, among the three sets, the highest disease severity was recorded in the set 1 (Simultaneous inoculation of BPH and Rhizoctonia solani) (73.33%) followed by set 2 (Release of BPH and subsequent inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani after 7 days) (60%) and least disease severity was observed in set 3 (BPH release after 7 days of inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani) (57.04%). This study aims to investigate the complex interaction between brown planthopper and sheath blight in rice, focusing on how these interactions influence disease progression and pest dynamics, and to provide insights into improved management strategies for rice farmers facing both threats.
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Herr, Leonard J. "Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani by binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. and hypovirulent R. solani agents." Crop Protection 14, no. 3 (May 1995): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(95)00017-g.
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Muzhinji, N., M. Truter, J. W. Woodhall, and J. E. van der Waals. "Anastomosis Groups and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani and Binucleate Rhizoctonia from Potato in South Africa." Plant Disease 99, no. 12 (December 2015): 1790–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-15-0236-re.
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A survey of anastomosis groups (AG) of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with potato diseases was conducted in South Africa. In total, 112 Rhizoctonia solani and 19 binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) isolates were recovered from diseased potato plants, characterized for AG and pathogenicity. The AG identity of the isolates was confirmed using phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. R. solani isolates recovered belonged to AG 3-PT, AG 2-2IIIB, AG 4HG-I, AG 4HG-III, and AG 5, while BNR isolates belonged to AG A and AG R, with frequencies of 74, 6.1, 2.3, 2.3, 0.8, 12.2, and 2.3%, respectively. R. solani AG 3-PT was the most predominant AG and occurred in all the potato-growing regions sampled, whereas the other AG occurred in distinct locations. Different AG grouped into distinct clades, with high maximum parsimony and maximum-likelihood bootstrap support for both R. solani and BNR. An experiment under greenhouse conditions with representative isolates from different AG showed differences in aggressiveness between and within AG. Isolates of AG 2-2IIIB, AG 4HG-III, and AG R were the most aggressive in causing stem canker while AG 3-PT, AG 5, and AG R caused black scurf. This is the first comprehensive survey of R. solani and BNR on potato in South Africa using a molecular-based approach. This is the first report of R. solani AG 2-2IIIB and AG 4 HG-I causing stem and stolon canker and BNR AG A and AG R causing stem canker and black scurf on potato in South Africa.
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Demirci, E., and S. Kordali. "Rhizoctonia Species and Anastomosis Groups from Corn Kernels in Turkey." Plant Disease 83, no. 9 (September 1999): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.9.879c.
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In 1996, 165 samples of corn (Zea mays L.) kernels to be tested for seed-borne fungi were obtained from five provinces throughout the major corn-producing areas in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey: Artvin (41 samples), Rize (28 samples), Trabzon (32 samples), Giresun (30 samples), and Ordu (34 samples). A subsample of kernels (≈100 g each) from each sample was surface-disinfected in 3.5% NaOCl for 1 min. Kernels were washed in three changes of sterile water, and 100 kernels per subsample were placed in petri plates (5 kernels per plate) containing potato dextrose agar. After 5 to 7 days of incubation at 25°C in the dark, cultures were examined at 40× magnification for mycelia of Rhizoctonia spp. From 16,500 kernels examined, 40 isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were recovered and characterized according to colony morphology and hyphal anastomosis using known tester isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. (1). Of these isolates, 10 were identified as R. solani, 18 as R. zeae, and 12 as binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. R. solani isolates were assigned to three anastomosis groups (AG): AG-4 (two isolates), AG-5 (two isolates), and AG-10 (six isolates). Binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. isolates were all assigned to AG-Ba. R. solani AG-4 and -5 and binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-Ba isolates were obtained from Artvin; R. solani AG-10 isolates were obtained from Ordu; and R. zeae isolates were obtained from Trabzon and Giresun. This is the first reported observation of Rhizoctonia spp. and anastomosis groups on corn kernels from Turkey. Reference: (1) B. Sneh et al. 1991. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
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Taheri, Parissa, and Saeed Tarighi. "Genetic and Virulence Analysis of Rhizoctonia spp. Associated with Sugar Beet Root and Crown Rot in the Northeast Region of Iran." Plant Disease 96, no. 3 (March 2012): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-11-0661.
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Rhizoctonia spp. are the main causal agents of root and crown rot on sugar beet. In this study, isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from diseased sugar beet in Iran over 2 years. Of 68 isolates, 61 were R. solani and 7 were R. cerealis. The anastomosis group (AG) of all isolates was determined on glass slides against the testers. Characterization of intraspecific groups (ISGs) of R. solani isolates revealed that, of 61 isolates, 43 were AG2-2 IIIB and 18 were AG2-2 IV. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were used to investigate genetic structure of Rhizoctonia populations. Principal coordinate plots and cluster analysis differentiated R. solani from R. cerealis isolates and separated the R. solani isolates belonging to different ISGs. AFLP data indicated that the R. solani and R. cerealis populations are not clonal. Analysis of molecular variance in AG2-2 IIIB isolates showed that geographic region was the main factor determining genetic structure of the populations. Sampling year had no significant effect on the genotypes. Pathogenicity tests on Beta vulgaris ‘FD0432’ revealed that R. solani AG2-2 IIIB and AG2-2 IV isolates were more virulent than R. cerealis.
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Lee, Jung-Han, Jea-Yul Cha, Gil-Han Noh, Ki-Soo Han, Dong-Won Bae, Young-Sang Kwon, Chae-Shin Lim, et al. "Rhizoctonia Blight of Azolla japonica Caused by Rhizoctonia solani." Research in Plant Disease 17, no. 3 (December 31, 2011): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2011.17.3.405.
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Vico, Ivana, Branka Krstic, and Natasa Dukic. "Differentiation of Rhizoctonia spp. Based on their antigenic properties." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 47, no. 2 (2002): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0202137v.
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Antigenic properties and serological relationship was investigated in binucleate and multinucleate Rhizoctonia spp. isolates from strawberries soybean, alfalfa and potato plants from Serbia, from Spain, anastomosis group testers and in strawberry roots inoculated with binucleate Rhizoctonia AG A and AG I. Two polyclonal antisera, unabsorbed and cross absorbed, were used in dot-immunobinding assay for these investigations. Antisera were produced against mycelial antigens of two isolates, which belong to different anastomosis groups (AG) of binucleate Rhizoctonia - AG A and AG I. Both unabsorbed antisera reacted positively with all tested Rhizoctonia spp. isolates, and the reaction was absent with control isolates (Pythium sp. Agaricus sp. and Fusarium sp). The results prove a close serological relationship among Rhizoctonia spp. isolates, and diversity between Rhizoctonia spp. and isolates from different taxonomic groups. Also, both unabsorbed antisera reacted with higher intensity with closely related antigens (belonging to the same AG) than with ones from another AG of binucleate Rhizoctonia or R. solani (multinucleate Rhizoctonia). After cross absorption specificity of the antisera was enhanced, especially with the antiserum raised against mycelial proteins of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG I. This antiserum reacted positively only with antigens from the same AG, after cross absorption with antigens from AG A of binucleate Rhizoctonia and from R. solani AG 2-2. It proved to be specific to AG I of binucleate Rhizoctonia, and able to differentiate isolates of this AG from others. In this way the serological homology among isolates of one AG was proven, and also the diversity among isolates which belong to different AGs of binucleate Rhizoctonia as well as isolates of R. solani.
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Nurhayati, Yeyet, Suryanti Suryanti, and Arif Wibowo. "In Vitro Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum Isolate UGM-LHAF against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Sheath Blight Disease of Rice." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 25, no. 1 (July 28, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.65290.
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Trichoderma spp. is a fungus widely used to control soil-borne pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia solani which is plant pathogenic fungi in widely host range, especially on rice. This research aimed to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF against R. solani causing sheath blight disease of rice in vitro condition. Trichoderma sp. used in this research was obtained from The Biological Laboratory of Pakem, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Rhizoctonia sp. was obtained through isolation of diseased rice obtained from rice fields in Yogyakarta. The two isolates were characterized base on morphology and molecular identification based on ITS rDNA. The pathogenicity test of Rhizoctonia sp. was evaluated by adding four sclerotia of Rhizoctonia sp. near rice roots at 6 days after sowing. The in vitro test used dual culture and antifungal activity (0%, 10%, 25%, 50% culture filtrate of Trichoderma sp.) with three replicates of each treatment. Two isolates were identified as T. asperellum and R. solani. Sheath blight symptoms appeared after 12 days inoculation. In the in vitro test, T. asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of R. solani (64.23% on dual culture and 68.5% on antifungal activity). This study suggests that T. asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF able to inhibit the growth of R. solani and can be a further potential candidate as a biocontrol agent against R. solani causing sheath blight disease of rice.
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Nigam, Rashmi, and Joginder Singh. "RESPONSE OF PH ON INDEGENOUS BIOCONTROL ACTIVITY OF FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AGAINST RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI." JOURNAL OF ECO-FRIENDLY AGRICULTURE 18, no. 2 (2023): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/jefa.2023.18.02.27.
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Root rot incited by Rhizoctonia solani is one the major diseases of pea. As there are no long term management strategies for this soil borne pathogens therefore, the study was carried out to determine the effect of pH on the antagonistic activity of fungal and bacterial isolates (Th3 and Th5 (Trichoderma harzianum), An1 (Aspergillus niger), Po3 (Penicillium oxalicum) and PS1, PS2 and PS5 (Flourescent Pseudomonas) against Rhizoctonia solani at four different pH levels (5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0). All the seven indigenous fungal and bacterial isolates evaluated for their antagonistic potential against root-rot pathogen, significantly retarded the radial growth of Rhizoctonia solani in comparison to control at four different pH levels (5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0).The observations of the study revealed that all bio agents significantly inhibited the growth of the Rhizoctonia solani . Similarly, Trichoderma species had significant effects on the number and size of sclerotia. The pH range of 6.0-8.0 were found optimum for Trichoderma spp. while Flourescent Pseudomonas shows best antagonistic activity at pH 7.0. As far as the effect of pH levels is concerned, all the promising fungal and bacterial isolates caused maximum growth inhibition of test pathogens at pH 6.0 to 7.0.
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Prabhu, Anne Sitarama, Marta Cristina Filippi, Gisele Barata da Silva, and Gil Rodrigo de Santos. "Resistência de cultivares de arroz a Rhizoctonia solani e Rhizoctonia oryzae." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 37, no. 5 (May 2002): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2002000500003.
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Isolados de Rhizoctonia solani e Rhizoctonia oryzae, agentes causais da queima-da-bainha e mancha-da-bainha, respectivamente, foram coletados em lavouras de arroz irrigado no Estado do Tocantins. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de 12 cultivares de arroz a essas doenças, sob condições artificiais de inoculação, em casa de vegetação. Não houve correlação entre resistência das cultivares a R. oryzae e R. solani quanto ao comprimento da lesão na bainha infectada pelo método de palito de dentes. A relação entre tamanho da lesão na bainha e folha foi linear e significativamente negativa (r = -0,66, P<=0,05), indicando que não há relação entre resistência das cultivares na bainha e nas folhas a R. solani. Entre as cultivares precoces, Labelle apresentou maior grau de suscetibilidade em todos os métodos de inoculação. A área sob a curva de progresso da doença baseada na altura da lesão no colmo e o método de inoculação utilizando casca e grão de arroz foram mais adequados para a determinação da resistência entre as cultivares. Diferenças significativas entre as cultivares de ciclo médio não foram observadas. As folhas apresentaram resistência à infecção por R. oryzae nos testes de inoculação utilizando discos de micélio.
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Ohkura, Mana, George S. Abawi, Christine D. Smart, and Kathie T. Hodge. "Diversity and Aggressiveness of Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia-like Fungi on Vegetables in New York." Plant Disease 93, no. 6 (June 2009): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-6-0615.
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Vegetable growers in New York, especially those growing table beets, have recently observed that the corn rotation is no longer effective in suppressing diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia-like fungi. To investigate this problem, 68 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia-like fungi infecting vegetables in New York were isolated, characterized, and their pathogenicity on corn determined. Sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region inferred 26 isolates to belong to R. solani anastomosis group (AG) 2-2 and 19 isolates to belong to AG 4. Remaining isolates belonged to AG 1, AG 2-1, AG 5, AG 11, Ceratobasidium AG (CAG) 2, CAG 6, and Waitea circinata var. zeae. This is a first report of AG 11 and W. circinata var. zeae recovered from naturally infected vegetables in New York. Pathogenicity tests on corn showed that the majority of isolates are pathogenic on corn, and isolates belonging to AG 2-2, AG 5, and AG 11 exhibited high aggressiveness. These results suggest that certain strains of R. solani and Rhizoctonia-like fungi infecting vegetables in New York have acquired the ability to infect corn. In addition, snap bean was inoculated with seven isolates exhibiting low to high aggressiveness on corn, and a correlation between aggressiveness on corn and snap bean was observed.
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Bradley, C. A., G. L. Hartman, R. L. Nelson, D. S. Mueller, and W. L. Pederson. "Response of Ancestral Soybean Lines and Commercial Cultivars to Rhizoctonia Root and Hypocotyl Rot." Plant Disease 85, no. 10 (October 2001): 1091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.10.1091.
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Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot is a common disease of soybean caused by Rhizoctonia solani. There are no commercial cultivars marketed as resistant to Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot, and only a few sources of partial resistance to this disease have been reported. Ninety ancestral soybean lines, maturity groups (MGs) 000 to X, and 700 commercial cultivars, MGs II to IV, were evaluated for resistance to R. solani under greenhouse conditions. Most of the ancestral lines and cultivars evaluated were susceptible; however, 21 of the ancestral lines and 20 of the commercial cultivars were partially resistant. Of the 21 ancestral lines, CNS, Mandarin (Ottawa), and Jackson are in the pedigree of cultivars previously reported as being partially resistant to R. solani. In an additional study, dry root weights of 21 soybean cultivars were evaluated after inoculation with R. solani. Variation in dry root weight occurred among cultivars, but there was not a significant (P = 0.05) correlation between dry root weight and disease severity.
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Ajayi-Oyetunde, Olutoyosi O., and Carl A. Bradley. "Identification and Characterization of Rhizoctonia Species Associated with Soybean Seedling Disease." Plant Disease 101, no. 4 (April 2017): 520–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-16-0810-re.
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In an effort to identify the Rhizoctonia spp. associated with seedling diseases of soybean, Rhizoctonia isolates were recovered from soybean seedlings with damping off and root and hypocotyl rot symptoms from Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, and the Canadian province of Ontario between 2012 and 2014. Based on cultural morphology, polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism, and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA genes, 80 isolates were confirmed to be Rhizoctonia solani, 24 were binucleate Rhizoctonia spp., and 10 were R. zeae. Of the 80 R. solani isolates, one belonged to anastomosis group (AG) 2-1, 52 belonged to AG-2-2IIIB, five belonged to AG-3 PT, three belonged to AG-4 HGI, two belonged to AG-4 HGIII, nine belonged to AG-7, and eight belonged to AG-11. Bayesian inference of phylogeny using the ITS region revealed two clades of R. solani AG-7 that possibly correspond to different AG-7 subgroups. Phylogenetic analysis also provided evidence for genetic relatedness between certain binucleate Rhizoctonia and some R. solani isolates. On ‘Williams 82’ soybean, isolates of AG-2-2IIIB were the most aggressive, followed by isolates of AG-7, AG-4, and AG-11. On ‘Jubilee’, a sweet corn cultivar, AG-2-2IIIB and AG-4 isolates caused significant stunting and root damage, whereas the damage caused by the AG-11 isolates was mostly restricted to the mesocotyl. Isolates of R. zeae and the binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. were not pathogenic on soybean or corn. Our results indicate that soybean and corn are hosts to the predominant and aggressive AG of R. solani, implying that rotation between these two crops may not be an effective management practice.
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Tomaso-Peterson, M., and L. E. Trevathan. "Characterization of Rhizoctonia-Like Fungi Isolated from Agronomic Crops and Turfgrasses in Mississippi." Plant Disease 91, no. 3 (March 2007): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-3-0260.
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Twenty-three isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. from agronomic crops and turfgrasses were characterized by cytological and pathological methods in order to establish the identity, pathogenicity, and virulence of Rhizoctonia spp. and anastomosis groups that occur on these hosts in Mississippi. Twelve isolates were identified as R. solani, including the five anastomosis groups (AGs) AG-1-IB, AG-2-2, AG-4, AG-5, and AG-13. Rhizoctonia zeae, R. oryzae, and eight binucleate Rhizoctonia sp., including R. cerealis, also were identified. R. solani AG-4 isolates were consistently the most virulent isolates on all hosts in pathogenicity evaluations. Pathogenicity of AG-2-2 and AG-5 isolates, binucleate Rhizoctonia spp., and R. oryzae varied between hosts. Two AG-2-2 isolates from bermudagrass or wheat were determined to be clonal isolates, with numerous self-anastomosis reactions. R. solani (AG-1-IB) was pathogenic on all graminaceous hosts. R. cerealis produced sharp eyespot symptoms on wheat and corn and minimal symptoms on cotton and soybean. This is a first report of R. cerealis as a pathogen of corn. R. zeae isolates were pathogenic on all hosts, including cotton and soybean. These results indicate that a diverse group of Rhizoctonia spp. occurs as pathogens on a wide variety of agronomic crops and turfgrasses in Mississippi.
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Fan, Wen Zhong. "Identification and Biological Characteristics of Strawberry Root Rot Pathogen." Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (February 2013): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.857.
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By research on strawberry root rot germ in several bases of Jilin province, cleared that the pathogen of strawberry root rot mainly were F. oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, the growth of F. oxysporum was the best when took sucrose as C source, and the growth of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn was the best when took starch as C source. KNO3 was the most appropriate N source to their growth. The effect of light on F. oxysporum was not great, but on Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn was great, the growth of mycelium was the fastest under alternating light and dark conditions, and had inhibition under full light conditions. Acidic conditions were suitable for mycelium growth of F. oxysporum, and the growth speed of both pathogens was the highest when PH was 6.
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Fayyadh, Mohamad Amer, and Lina Awad. "Evaluation Efficiency of Different Isolate of Actinomycetes for Control of Cucumber Seedling Damping-off Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Khun)." Arab Journal of Plant Protection 39, no. 4 (December 2021): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-39.4.281288.
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Fayyadh, M.A. and L.K. Awad. 2021. Evaluation Efficiency of Different Isolate of Actinomycetes for Control of Cucumber Seedling Damping-off Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Khun). Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 281-288. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.281288 This study was conducted in Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah during the period 2017-2018 aimed to isolate and identify Actinomycetes from different environmental sources and evaluate their efficiency to control cucumber damping off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. 28 isolates of Actinomycetes were isolated from different sources from the Basrah region. All such isolates were gram positive, amylase and catalase positive and they had branched hyphae. Molecular identification following amplification of 16sRNA confirmed that Actinomycetes isolate No 6 isolated from soil had a similarity of 99% with Streptomyces griseus, whereas the isolate No 66 isolated from date palm roots had a similarity of 99% with Brevibacterium celere. The nucleotide sequence of the two isolates has been deposited at NCBI with Genbank accession number LC501385.1 for S. griseus and LC501386.1 for B. celere. The dual culture technique showed that Actinomycetes isolates S. griseus and B. celere had high antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani, which produced inhibition zones of 7 and 15 mm in dimeter, respectively. On the other hand, volatile compoundsreleased from S. griseus and B. celere inhibited the growth of R. solani by 68 and 81.5%, respectively. Pot experiment showed that all actinomycetes isolates significantly reduced cucumber seedling damping–off incidence caused by R. solani. Keywords: Actinomycetes, Rhizoctonia solani, Cucumber, Biological Control
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Taheri, Parissa, Sam Gnanamanickam, and Monica Höfte. "Characterization, Genetic Structure, and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. Associated with Rice Sheath Diseases in India." Phytopathology® 97, no. 3 (March 2007): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-3-0373.
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Isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from rice in India during 2000-2003. Characterization by conventional techniques and polymerase chain reaction showed that from 110 isolates, 99 were R. solani and 11 were R. oryzae-sativae. Of 99 isolates identified as R. solani, 96 were AG1-IA, 1 was AG1-IB, and 2 were AG1-IC. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyzes were used to determine genetic relationships in Rhizoctonia pathogen populations collected from different geographic regions. Cluster analysis based on the AFLP data separated isolates belonging to the three different intraspecific groups of R. solani AG1 and differentiated R. solani from R. oryzae-sativae. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that geographic region was the dominant factor determining population structure of R. solani AG1-1A; host cultivar had no significant effect. Pathogenicity tests on Oryza sativa cv. Zenith revealed that isolates of R. solani AG1-1A and AG1-1B were more virulent than R. solani AG1-IC and R. oryzae-sativae isolates.
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Halifu, Saiyaremu, Xun Deng, Xiaoshuang Song, Ruiqing Song, and Xu Liang. "Inhibitory Mechanism of Trichoderma virens ZT05 on Rhizoctonia solani." Plants 9, no. 7 (July 19, 2020): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9070912.
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Trichoderma is a filamentous fungus that is widely distributed in nature. As a biological control agent of agricultural pests, Trichoderma species have been widely studied in recent years. This study aimed to understand the inhibitory mechanism of Trichoderma virens ZT05 on Rhizoctonia solani through the side-by-side culture of T. virens ZT05 and R. solani. To this end, we investigated the effect of volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of T. virens ZT05 on the mycelium growth and enzyme activity of R. solani and analyzed transcriptome data collected from side-by-side culture. T. virens ZT05 has a significant antagonistic effect against R. solani. The mycelium of T. virens ZT05 spirally wraps around and penetrates the mycelium of R. solani and inhibits the growth of R. solani. The volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of T. virens ZT05 have significant inhibitory effects on the growth of R. solani. The nonvolatile metabolites of T. virens ZT05 significantly affect the mycelium proteins of R. solani, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), soluble proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA). Twenty genes associated with hyperparasitism, including extracellular proteases, oligopeptide transporters, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), chitinases, glucanases, and proteases were found to be upregulated during the antagonistic process between T. virens ZT05 and R. solani. Thirty genes related to antibiosis function, including tetracycline resistance proteins, reductases, the heat shock response, the oxidative stress response, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters, and multidrug resistance transporters, were found to be upregulated during the side-by-side culture of T. virens ZT05 and R. solani. T. virens ZT05 has a significant inhibitory effect on R. solani, and its mechanism of action is associated with hyperparasitism and antibiosis.
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SILVEIRA, SILVALDO F., and ACELINO C. ALFENAS. "Análise de proteínas e isoenzimas de isolados de Rhizoctonia spp. patogênicos a Eucalyptus." Fitopatologia Brasileira 27, no. 1 (February 2002): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582002000100005.
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Objetivou-se caracterizar isolados de Rhizoctonia solani AG1 e AG4 e isolados binucleados de Rhizoctonia spp. patogênicos a Eucalyptus, por meio de eletroforese de proteínas, em gel de poliacrilamida, e de isoenzimas (ACP, 6-PGDH, LAP, SOD, MDH e IDH), em gel de amido. Para comparação, incluíram-se alguns isolados brasileiros de outros hospedeiros e isolados-padrões de R. solani AG1, procedentes do Japão. Observaram-se diferenças nos padrões gerais de proteínas e nos fenótipos isoenzimáticos entre isolados binucleados e multinucleados e entre isolados de diferentes grupos e subgrupos de anastomose. Isolados de R. solani AG1, procedentes do Brasil e Japão, apresentaram baixa similaridade nos padrões de proteínas e de isoenzimas. Isolados brasileiros morfologicamente semelhantes a R. solani AG1-IB (microesclerodiais) apresentaram padrões de proteínas similares e um maior número de fenótipos isoenzimáticos idênticos entre si. Esta tendência foi independente do hospedeiro e da origem geográfica. Variações nos padrões de proteínas e de isoenzimas foram também observadas dentre isolados brasileiros de R. solani AG4. Discute-se o uso da eletroforese de proteínas e isoenzimas na caracterização de isolados de Rhizoctonia spp. e em estudos genéticos e filogenéticos de fungos deste gênero.
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Melo, Itamar Soares de, and Jane L. Faull. "Parasitism of Rhizoctonia solani by strains of Trichoderma spp." Scientia Agricola 57, no. 1 (March 2000): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162000000100010.
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Rhizoctonia solani causes serious diseases in a wide range of plant species. The fungus Trichoderma has been shown to be particularly effective in the control of the pathogen. Thus, this research was carried out to screen fourteen Trichoderma strains against R. solani in vitro. All strains tested inhibited the growth of R. solani. Three T. koningii strains produced toxic metabolites with strong activity against R. solani, inhibiting the mycelial growth by 79%. T. harzianum, Th-9 reduced the viability of sclerotia of R. solani by 81.8% and T. koningii, TK-5 reduced by 53%. Electron microscopic observations revealed that all T. harzianum strains interacted with R. solani. Th-9 grew toward and coiled around the host cells, penetrating and destroying the hyphae. Penetration of host cells was apparently accomplished by mechanical activity.
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Vojvodic, Mira, Dejan Lazic, Petar Mitrovic, Brankica Tanovic, Ivana Vico, and Aleksandra Bulajic. "Conventional and real-time pcr assays for detection and identification of rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2, the causal agent of root rot of sugar beet." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 34, no. 1 (2019): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1901019v.
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Soil-borne fungi belonging to the genus Rhizoctonia are considered to be among the most destructive sugar beet pathogens. Although multinucleate R. solani AG-2-2 is frequently detected as the main causal agent of root rot of sugar beet worldwide, several binucleate (AG-A, AG-E and AG-K) and multinucleate Rhizoctonia (R. solani AG-4, AG-5 and AG-8) have also been included in the disease complex. Due to their soil-borne nature and wide host range, the management of Rhizoctonia root rot of sugar beet is highly demanding. Identification of Rhizoctonia AG associated with root rot of sugar beet is the essential first step in determining a successful disease management strategy. In this paper we report a highly specific and sensitive real-time PCR protocol for detection of R. solani AG-2-2 which showed a high level of specificity after testing against 10 different anastomosis groups and subgroups, including AG-2-1 as the most closely related. Moreover, a similar conventional PCR assay showed the same specificity but proved to be at least a 100 times less sensitive. Future research will include further testing and adaptation of this protocol for direct detection and quantification of R. solani AG-2-2 in different substrates, including plant tissue and soil samples.
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Garrido Flores, Cynthia, Carolina Cedano Saavedra, Martín Delgado Junchaya, and Zinthia Neira Sánchez. "Actividad micoparasítica de nueve aislamientos de diferentes cepas de Trichoderma sp. sobre Rhizoctonia solani en frejol Caupí (Vigna unguiculata L.)." TAYACAJA 4, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46908/tayacaja.v4i2.172.
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Rhizoctonia solani, fitopatógeno causante de “chupadera fungosa”, afecta todas las plantas que se propagan por semilla botánica en las fases de germinación y plántula. El objetivo fue evaluar la actividad micoparasítica de nueve aislamientos de diferentes cepas de Trichoderma sobre la Rhizoctonia solani, utilizando frejol Caupí (Vigna unguiculata L). Los aislamientos fueron T20, T17, T9, T10, TSV2, TSV, T10’ de Trichoderma asperellum; T5 de Trichoderma viride y T327 de Trichoderma harzianum. Se consideró un tratamiento solo con Rhizoctonia solani, como testigo de virulencia y un tratamiento solo con frejol Caupí como testigo de la viabilidad de la semilla. Los tratamientos fueron dispuestos en un diseño completo al azar con 10 repeticiones. Se empleó la técnica de enfrentamiento dual en medio de cultivo Papa-Dextrosa-Agar (PDA) en placa de Petri, considerándose la unidad experimental. Se tomaron muestras de la zona de colonización y se observaron al microscopio para comprobar el parasitismo. Se evaluó porcentaje de germinación, emergencia de plántulas e incidencia de chupadera fungosa. Trichoderma harzianum (T327) y Trichoderma asperelum (T17) presentaron mayor germinación y emergencia de plántulas de frejol Caupí y los porcentajes más bajos de incidencia de chupadera fungosa (3.25 y 5.29 respectivamente), teniendo actividad micoparasítica sobre Rhizoctonia solani, constituyéndose una alternativa biológica importante para su control.
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Okubara, P. A., K. L. Schroeder, and T. C. Paulitz. "Identification and Quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and R. oryzae Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction." Phytopathology® 98, no. 7 (July 2008): 837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-7-0837.
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Rhizoctonia solani and R. oryzae are the principal causal agents of Rhizoctonia root rot in dryland cereal production systems of the Pacific Northwest. To facilitate the identification and quantification of these pathogens in agricultural samples, we developed SYBR Green I-based real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) assays specific to internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of the nuclear ribosomal DNA of R. solani and R. oryzae. The assays were diagnostic for R. solani AG-2-1, AG-8, and AG-10, three genotypes of R. oryzae, and an AG-I-like binucleate Rhizoctonia species. Quantification was reproducible at or below a cycle threshold (Ct) of 33, or 2 to 10 fg of mycelial DNA from cultured fungi, 200 to 500 fg of pathogen DNA from root extracts, and 20 to 50 fg of pathogen DNA from soil extracts. However, pathogen DNA could be specifically detected in all types of extracts at about 100-fold below the quantification levels. Soils from Ritzville, WA, showing acute Rhizoctonia bare patch harbored 9.4 to 780 pg of R. solani AG-8 DNA per gram of soil.. Blastn, primer-template duplex stability, and phylogenetic analyses predicted that the Q-PCR assays will be diagnostic for isolates from Australia, Israel, Japan, and other countries.
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Mazzola, Mark. "Identification and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. Isolated from Apple Roots and Orchard Soils." Phytopathology® 87, no. 6 (June 1997): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.6.582.
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Rhizoctonia spp. were isolated from the roots of apple trees and associated soil collected in orchards located near Moxee, Quincy, East Wenatchee, and Wenatchee, WA. The anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from apple were determined by hyphal anastomosis with tester strains on 2% water agar and, where warranted, sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and restriction analysis of an amplified fragment from the 28S ribosomal RNA gene were used to corroborate these identifications. The dominant AG of R. solani isolated from the Moxee and East Wenatchee orchards were AG 5 and AG 6, respectively. Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. were recovered from apple roots at three of four orchards surveyed and included isolates of AG-A, -G, -I, -J, and -Q. In artificial inoculations, isolates of R. solani AG 5 and AG 6 caused extensive root rot and death of 2- to 20-week-old apple transplants, providing evidence that isolates of R. solani AG 6 can be highly virulent and do not merely exist as saprophytes. The effect of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. on growth of apple seedlings was isolate-dependent and ranged from growth enhancement to severe root rot. R. solani AG 5 and AG 6 were isolated from stunted trees, but not healthy trees, in an orchard near Moxee, WA, that exhibited severe symptoms of apple replant disease, suggesting that R. solani may have a role in this disease complex.
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Jevcsák, I., Bálint Oldal, and L. Ködöböcz. "Testing Methods Affecting the Antagonistic Ability of Pseudomonas Biocontrol Strains." Agrokémia és Talajtan 51, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2002): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.51.2002.1-2.13.
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The antagonistic effect of thirteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and thirteen strains of other Pseudomonas species was studied on the soil-borne phytopathogenic Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani fungi. The inhibition of pathogen colony growth was tested with two different in vitro techniques using the same type of culture media. In case of the spread slant technique the antagonists induced a significantly stronger inhibition on the growth of pathogens than in case of spot transfer. Among the 26 investigated Pseudomonas strains, P. aeruginosa strains were generally more effective against the fungal pathogens. Rhizoctonia solani proved to be affected to a greater extent by the bacterial strains studied than the Fusarium solani representative. The possibility of in vitro strain selection of biocontrol microbes is being further discussed .
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Ramos-Molina, Lina Maria, Edisson Chavarro-Mesa, Danilo Augusto dos Santos Pereira, María del Rosario Silva-Herrera, and Paulo Cezar Ceresini. "Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA infects both rice and signalgrass in the Colombian Llanos." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 46, no. 1 (March 2016): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4638696.
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ABSTRACT Foliar blight and death of signalgrass (Urochloa spp.) pastures are caused by the Rhizoctonia solani fungus. This study aimed at determining which pathogens from the Rhizoctonia species complex are associated with leaf and sheath blight in Urochloa and rice, in the Colombian Llanos. Sympatric areas of Urochloa pastures adjacent to rice cropping areas were sampled using a linear transect system. The pathogens were identified using morphological traits, molecular detection based on specific primers and sequencing of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region. R. solani AG-1 IA predominated as the pathogen associated with foliar blight in all samples from U. brizantha cv. 'Toledo' and hybrid Urochloa cv. 'Mulato'. Besides R. solani AG-1 IA (18 % of the samples), Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae (71 %) and Sclerotium hydrophilum (11 %) were also detected. In the cross-pathogenicity test, the R. solani AG-1 IA fungus was the most aggressive to Urochloa, while R. oryzae-sativae produced very mild infection symptoms. This is the first report of R. oryzae-sativae and S. hydrophilum associated with the complex of rice sheath blight diseases in Colombia.
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Muhibuddin, Anton, Syauqina Salsabila, and Antok Wahyu Sektiono. "KEMAMPUAN ANTAGONIS Tricoderma harzianum TERHADAP BEBERAPA JAMUR PATOGEN PENYAKIT TANAMAN." AGROSAINTIFIKA 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/agrosaintifika.v4i1.2371.
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Diseases that often attack plants are diseases caused by fungal pathogens causing stress such as fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. One alternative to reduce these pathogens is Trichoderma harzianum. This study aims to determine the potential antibiosis antagonist characteristics of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum against several disease-causing pathogens in plants and the class of compounds contained therein.The method used in this research is experimental and descriptive. Experimental research was conducted by testing the fungus Trichoderma harzianum against several pathogenic fungi as an antibiosis. Then proceed to test the class of compounds using a phytochemical test on the filtrate of the secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum. The results of the potential antibiosis antagonist test on the fungus Trichoderma harzianum showed the results of the antibiosis against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and the fungus Alternaria solani, but on the fungus Rhizoctonia solani and the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, the results showed the presence of potential antibiosis followed by competition and parasitism. Inhibition on the seventh day of observation showed results of 79% against Fusarium oxysporum, 69% against Sclerotium rolfsii, 61% against Alternaria solani, and 59% against Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, for the phytochemical test, the filtrate of Trichoderma harzianum fungus showed positive content of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins.
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Shu, Jiantao, Mingkun Yang, Cheng Zhang, Pingfang Yang, Feng Ge, and Ming Li. "Improving the Genome Annotation of Rhizoctonia solani Using Proteogenomics." Current Genomics 22, no. 5 (December 6, 2021): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202922666211011143957.
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Background: Rhizoctonia solani is a pathogenic fungus that causes serious diseases in many crops, including rice, wheat, and soybeans. In crop production, it is very important to understand the pathogenicity of this fungus, which is still elusive. It might be helpful to comprehensively understand its genomic information using different genome annotation strategies. Methods: Aiming to improve the genome annotation of R. solani, we performed a proteogenomic study based on the existing data. Based on our study, a total of 1060 newly identified genes, 36 revised genes, 139 single amino acid variants (SAAVs), 8 alternative splicing genes, and diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs) events were identified in R. solani AG3. Further functional annotation on these 1060 newly identified genes was performed through homology analysis with its 5 closest relative fungi. Results: Based on this, 2 novel candidate pathogenic genes, which might be associated with pathogen-host interaction, were discovered. In addition, in order to increase the reliability and novelty of the newly identified genes in R. solani AG3, 1060 newly identified genes were compared with the newly published available R. solani genome sequences of AG1, AG2, AG4, AG5, AG6, and AG8. There are 490 homologous sequences. We combined the proteogenomic results with the genome alignment results and finally identified 570 novel genes in R. solani. Conclusion: These findings extended R. solani genome annotation and provided a wealth of resources for research on R. solani.
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Tanaka, Maria Aparecida de Souza, Margarida Fumiko Ito, and Francisco Antonio Passos. "Patogenicidade de Rhizoctonia solani em morangueiro." Bragantia 54, no. 2 (1995): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87051995000200010.
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O fungo Rhizoctonia solani Kuhen tem sido isolado com maior freqüência de mudas e plantas adultas de morangueiro com sintomas de subdesenvolvimento, declínio progressivo, avermelhamento ou arroxeamento dos folíolos, pecíolos e estolhos, além do apodrecimento do ápice da coroa, estipulas e base dos pecíolos. As plantas doentes apresentavam, com freqüência, raízes escuras ou com áreas necrosadas. Fusarium spp. e Pythium spp. também estavam, reiteradamente, associados às plantas doentes. Para determinar a causa dos sintomas descritos e verificar, isoladamente ou em mistura, possível interação entre os patógenos R. solani, Fusarium sp. e Pythium sp., testaram-nos quanto à patogenicidade, em mudas de morangueiro, em casa de vegetação. Observou-se que somente quando R. solani estava presente havia reprodução dos sintomas, de modo semelhante ao observado no campo, comprovando sua patogenicidade. Fusarium e Pythium, no entanto, foram reisolados de lesões radiculares, o que indica seu possível envolvimento no complexo da doença, aumentando os sintomas de declínio em condições de campo.
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K, Kipsumbai P., Hunjan M. S, and Sekhon P. S. "Morpho-Cultural, Pathological and Genetic Variability in Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Infecting Crops in Rice Based Cropping Pattern of Punjab State; India." Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 7, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjpm.2022.v07i11.003.
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Rhizoctonia spp. which was earlier considered a minor disease causing pathogen under Punjab conditions now is a major threat to crops grown in Punjab. The present study investigated the morphological and cultural variations in Rhizoctonia population, pathogenic behaviour and extent of genetic differentiation between infecting populations of R. solani from different hosts. By species specific primers, Rhizoctonia species in Punjab were identified as R. solani (87.8 %), R. oryzae (11.1%) and R. oryzae-sativae (1.1 %). Morphological characterization of Rhizoctonia spp. based on the growth rate, colour of mycelium and sclerotial characters. A high degree of variation among these R. solani isolates was established. Potato isolates belonging to the different geographic areas of the state were clustered together and cotton isolates also related. R. solani isolates from maize, rice, wheat and chilli formed two major cluster groups. The molecular data on AG specific primers revealed that 46.8% of the isolates belonged to AG1-1A, while AG1-1B (10.1%), AG2-1 (13.9%), AG3 (12.7%). Using interspecific sequence repeat primers, isolates were clustered into three major groups (I, II, III). Group III consisted of isolates, mostly from Ludhiana irrespective of the hosts, indicating existence of genetic similarity among these isolates. Isolates were also found to partially group according to place of origin and the host. Further a partial relationship between the level of severity on rice was observed. The diversity and relatedness in hosts of R. solani isolates from Punjab indicates the need to consider the cropping pattern to reduce the inocula in the soil.
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A.Al-Fathedhal, Fadhal, and Duaa A.Al-Khafaji. "Bioactivity of Bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani, which causes seed rot, seedling on cucumber in greenhouses." Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 10, no. 3 (May 13, 2018): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v10.i3.8107.
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The research contracts with the study of the antagonistic effect of microbe against cucumber disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. --Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from cucumber field soil. Some of the fungi diagnosing that cause the death of cucumber seeds in the greenhouse in Najaf Governorate. The results showed identification of R. solani and F. solani was carried out using the PCR technique,with forefronts and back-fronts primers in a range of about 600 pairs to a nitrogen base (Base paris,bp). The analysis showed a new isolation of Rhizoctonia solani in the world according to NCBI. The bacteria isolated from the greenhousein some areas of Najaf Governorate.Results showed that Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were used as antifungal agents. Both of them have high resistance against R. solani and F. solani. Both bacteria P. fluorescens and B. subtilis have inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungus by 71.41% especially dilution 1-10..the concentration 20, 25% of bacteria B. subtilis showed 100% inhibiting the growth of R.solani. As well as the concentration 25% of P. fluorescens showed 100% inhibiting the growth of F. solani.