Tesis sobre el tema "Ribosomas"
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Rivero, Jiménez Matías Alberto. "Estudio del mecanismo de inicio de la traducción del mensajero completo del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana de tipo 1 : caracterización de un modelo de iniciación dual". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105392.
Texto completoMorcelle, Magaña Carmen. "The role of the RPL5/RPL11/5S rRNA complex in mediating p53 levels in response to c-Myc depletion in colorectal carcinoma". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457876.
Texto completoMeza, Soto Stfanny Wendy. "Estudio preliminar de la interacción entre la proteína del síndrome de Werner, presente en la fracción citoplasmática de células HeLa, y la proteína ribosomal humana S3 recombinante mediante el ensayo in vitro de pull-down". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8314.
Texto completoEl gen WRN codifica a la proteína del síndrome de Werner (WRN), una proteína multifuncional con actividad helicasa y exonucleasa. Datos previos indican que WRN está asociada a la maquinaria traduccional y relacionada con las vías metabólicas que regulan la síntesis de macromoléculas, la producción de energía y el balance de óxidoreducción (redox) implicados en la proliferación celular. La proteína ribosomal eucariota S3 (eRPS3) es un elemento importante de la subunidad ribosomal menor 40S que promueve el reconocimiento del codón de inicio y la interacción con el ácido ribonucleico mensajero (ARNm) para el desarrollo de la síntesis proteica. La asociación entre la proteína ribosomal humana S3 (hRPS3) y WRN ha sido descrita previamente mediante ensayos de co-inmunoprecipitación, inmunoprecipitación y pulldown usando extractos totales de células embrionarias de riñón. Se identifica la interacción entre WRN, presente en la fracción citoplasmática de células HeLa, y la hRPS3. Mediante el uso de la tecnología de ADN recombinante se sintetizó en E. coli la proteína hRPS3 fusionada a una cola de seis histidinas (hRPS3-6xHis). Esta proteína de fusión fue inmovilizada por cromatografía de afinidad en una resina de agarosa con iones níquel, y se usó conjuntamente con la fracción citoplasmática de células HeLa que contenía a WRN para llevar a cabo el ensayo de pull-down. El análisis por Western blot del pull-down evidenció la presencia de WRN en la resina que contenía a la proteína de fusión hRPS3-6xHis. Este resultado demuestra la interacción entre WRN presente en el citoplasma y la hRPS3 que es un elemento importante de la maquinaria de traducción.
Tesis
Adriano, Escobar Gina Jackelinne. "Caracterización molecular de bacterias celulolíticas aisladas de ambientes salinos del Perú". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12154.
Texto completoTesis
Gallo, López Carolina 1984. "Determinants of growth rate in genome-reduced bacteria". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664510.
Texto completoEntender cómo se regula la tasa de crecimiento en bacterias es uno de los retos en curso en biología y su regulación controlada tendría un gran impacto en la industria biotecnológica. Las tasas de crecimiento pueden ser reguladas por varios factores genéticos, pero a pesar de que algunos de ellos son en parte conocidos, aún somos incapaces de incrementar las tasas de crecimiento racionalmente. La mayoría de estudios se han llevado a cabo en bacterias de crecimiento rápido y complejas con genomas grandes y redundantes. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, de la clase Mollicutes, es un organismo más simple con uno de los genomas más pequeño y con poca redundancia. Adicionalmente, las especies de Mollicutes tienen un amplio rango de tasas de crecimiento y genomas reducidos, lo cual las hace atractivas para estudios de crecimiento. En esta tesis, investigamos los determinantes genéticos de las tasas de crecimiento en M. pneumoniae y en otras especies de Mollicutes por medio de enfoques diferentes. Nuestros resultados corroboraron algunos de los ya reportados factores genéticos asociados a un crecimiento rápido y encontramos además determinantes traduccionales y metabólicos que no habían sido descritos anteriormente.
Domostegui, Fernández Ana. "IRBC-induced p53-dependent Cell Death in c-MYC-driven tumors mediated by loss of MCL1". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668147.
Texto completoLa expresión del oncogen MYC está desregulada en hasta un 70% de los cánceres humanos, incluyendo los neoplasmas de células B. Estudios previos en el modelo murino de linfoma de células B Eμ-MYC demostraron que la expresión oncogénica de MYC requiere de tasas de biogénesis de ribosomas (RiBi) y síntesis de proteínas aberrantes para el rápido crecimiento y proliferación de estos tumores y que son adictos a la hiperactivación de la RiBi, convirtiéndose en una potencial diana terapéutica. Sin embargo, si inhibir la RiBi promueve la regresión tumoral mediante la disminución de la capacidad de traducción y/o por la inducción del punto de control de daño en la biogénesis de ribosomas (IRBC) y la consiguiente estabilización de p53, no está claro. Para resolver esta controversia, generamos un sistema inducible que elimina la proteína ribosomal (RP)L7a o la RPL11 en células Eμ-MYC, las dos constituyentes del ribosoma 60S, pero la última esencial del complejo IRBC. Una reducción del 50% en el mRNA de cualquiera de las dos tiene un impacto similar en la RiBi, la síntesis de proteínas y el crecimiento celular; pero sólo la reducción de la RPL7a induce el IRBC, estabiliza p53 e induce apoptosis. Además, esta respuesta se desencadena mediante la degradación selectiva de la forma antiapoptótica de MCL1, cuya sobreexpresión es crucial para la supervivencia y el crecimiento de los linfomas Eμ-MYC. MCL1 se sobreexpresa en muchos tumores, especialmente en los de células B, frecuentemente co- amplifica con MYC y se asocia a peor prognosis, resistencia y recaída. A pesar de la tremenda inversión en el desarrollo de inhibidores selectivos de MCL1 en la clínica, nosotros demostramos que concentraciones nanomolares de Actinomicina D (ActD), fármaco aprobado por la FDA para tratar ciertos tumores, interrumpe selectivamente la síntesis de rRNA y la RiBi, activa el IRBC, estabiliza p53 y degrada específicamente la forma antiapoptótica de MCL1, acabando con las células de linfoma Eμ-MYC Trp53+/+ pero no con aquellas Trp53-/-. Finalmente, proporcionamos datos preclínicos en los que la ActD protege contra la linfomagénesis a ratones transplantados con linfomas Eμ-MYC Trp53+/+ pero no con linfomas Eμ-MYC Trp53-/-. Por tanto, en estos tumores dirigidos por MYC, el IRBC activa apoptosis por p53, la cual requiere de la degradación de la forma antiapoptótica de MCL1.
Shimmin, Lawrence Charles. "An archaebacterial ribosomal protein gene cluster". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30994.
Texto completoMedicine, Faculty of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of
Graduate
Dator, Romel P. "Characterization of Ribosomes and Ribosome Assembly Complexes by Mass Spectrometry". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1382373082.
Texto completoRoy, Poorna. "Deconstructing the ribosome: specific interactions of a ribosomal RNA fragment with intact and fragmented L23 ribosomal protein". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47579.
Texto completoRiaño, Canalias Ferran. "The effect of inhibition of nucleotide synthesis on ribosome biogenesis and the induction of p53". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457972.
Texto completoRamesh, Madhumitha. "Analysis of Ribosome Biogenesis from Three Standpoints: Investigating the Roles of Ribosomal RNA, Ribosomal Proteins and Assembly Factors". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/609.
Texto completoAbdullahi, Akilu Sada. "Visualisation of ribosomal subunits interaction reveals 80s ribosomes in the nucleus of Drosophila cells". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5697/.
Texto completoCrandall, Jacob N. "Ribosomal RNA Mutations that Inhibit the Activity of Transfer-Messenger RNA of Stalled Ribosomes". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2010. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3535.pdf.
Texto completoGartmann, Marco. "Structural characterization of ribosomal complexes involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein folding". Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-120476.
Texto completoBadhai, Jitendra. "Ribosomal proteins in diamond-blackfan anemia Insights into failure of ribosome function /". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-110070.
Texto completoBurlacu, Elena. "Probing ribosomal RNA structural rearrangements : a time lapse of ribosome assembly dynamics". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17072.
Texto completoRomero-Zepeda, Hilda. "The influence of ribosomal proteins on the action of ribosome-inactivating proteins". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73320/.
Texto completoZakari, Musinu. "The SMC loader Scc2 promotes ncRNA biogenesis and translational fidelity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066148/document.
Texto completoThe Scc2-Scc4 complex is essential for loading the cohesin complex onto DNA. Cohesin generates cohesion between sister chromatids, which is critical for chromosome segregation. Scc2 (also known as NIPBL) is mutated in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a multi-organ disease characterized by developmental defects in head, limb, cognition, heart, and the gastrointestinal tract. How mutations in Scc2 lead to developmental defects in patients is yet to be elucidated. One hypothesis is that the binding of Scc2/cohesin to different regions of the genome will affect transcription. In budding yeast, Scc2 has been shown to bind to RNA Pol III transcribed genes (tRNAs, and spliceosomal), as well as RNA Pol II-transcribed genes encoding small nuclear and nucleolar RNAs (snRNAs and snoRNAs) and ribosomal protein genes. Here, we report that Scc2 is important for gene expression. Scc2 and the transcriptional regulator Paf1 collaborate to promote the production of Box H/ACA snoRNAs which guide pseudouridylation of RNAs including ribosomal RNA. Mutation of Scc2 was associated with defects in the production of ribosomal RNA, ribosome biogenesis, and splicing. While the scc2 mutant does not have a general defect in protein synthesis, it shows increased frameshifting and reduced internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) usage/cap-independent translation. These findings suggest Scc2 normally promotes a gene expression program that supports translational fidelity. We hypothesize that translational dysfunction may contribute to the human disorder Cornelia de Lange syndrome, which is caused by mutations in Scc2
Tobin, Christina. "Removal and Replacement of Ribosomal Proteins : Effects on Bacterial Fitness and Ribosome Function". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-150401.
Texto completoPetrov, Alexey. "Wiring the ribosome: functions of ribosomal proteins L3 and L10, and 5S rRNA". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/4082.
Texto completoThesis research directed by: Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Therizols, Gabriel. "Rôle des ribosomes et de leur biogenèse dans la tumorigenèse et la réponse aux traitements chimiothérapeutiques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10083/document.
Texto completoCancer cells produce large amounts of ribosomes to synthesize the proteins required for their rapid proliferation. The mechanisms leading to this increase in ribosome production are only partly understood, but they are related to the acquisition of the tumor phenotype. In addition, a new theory proposes that ribosomes are not neutral effectors of translation, but have a direct role in the regulation of gene expression. This theory is based on the observation that ribosome composition is heterogeneous in different cell types and according to environmental conditions. In this context, I have analyzed the relationships between changes in signals that control ribosome biogenesis, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the development of the tumor phenotype. This manuscript reports three studies made during this PhD program. These studies identified: i) a novel regulator of the amount of ribosomes, the LN-Netrin-1 and ii) changes in the ribosome composition and function induced by genetic alterations (loss of activity of p53) and by the use of a chemotherapeutic molecule, the 5-Fluorouracil. These perturbations of the amount and the function of ribosomes modify the translation control and cell growth, cell proliferation and cell survival. From these results it can be conclude that ribosomes are elements involved in the regulation of gene expression and play a role in cancer pathology and response to chemotherapy
SUH, MOO-JIN. "MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY OF BACTERIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS AND RIBOSOMES". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1106583486.
Texto completoRaimbault, Anna. "Le ribosome au cours de l'érythropoïèse". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB251.
Texto completoRibosome biogenesis is a key event allowing cell growth before division. Defective RB recognized in ribosomopathyinherited Diamond-Blackfan anemia and 5q- syndrom. In this study, we aimed at investigating the regulatory role of RB during the erythroid precursor maturation which is characterized by a cell size reduction during 2 to 3 rapid cell divisions. We used two in vitro systemsé of expansion and differentiation of erythroblasts (E.) derived of immature hematopoietic progenitors from human mobilized peripheral blood or mouse fetal liver. The expansion step is supported by the Stem Cell Factor (SCF) and the second step depends on erythropoietin (EPO). The structure of the nucleolus was studied by electron microscopy. Compared to immature proerythroblasts (proE), a dramatic size reduction and change in nucleolar structure (ie. the disappearance of fibrillar and dense fibrillar components) is observed at the stage of mature polychromatophilic E. suggesting a loss of functionality. RB was measured by a pulsed SILAC (Stable Isotopic Labeling by Amino acids in Culture cell) proteomic assay that quantified the incorporation of newly synthesized ribosomal proteins in the ribosome. Both in mouse and human models, immature proE expanded upon SCF and EPO demonstrate a maximal RB with a renewal rate of 60% and 50% every 14h and 24h, respectively. By contrast, RB rapidly interrupted with the disappearance of proE and basophilic E after the switch to EPO alone. Consistently, the quantities of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 45S precursor estimated by qPCR are maximal in proE and almost null in orthochromatophilic E. Inhibition of RB at proE stage by RNApol I specific inhibitor (CX-5461) accelerates the onset of terminal erythroid differentiation suggesting that RB is a rate limiting factor for final maturation. We then hypothesize that degree of signaling intensity in response to SCF and EPO may control the level of RB. To address this question, we investigated the mTORC1 (mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1) pathway which is directly involved in RB through its substrate p70S6Kinase. Activation of P-p70S6Kinase and P-Rps6, as well as ribosome renewal, are twice more elevated in response to SCF and EPO than to EPO alone. Furthermore, inhibition of mTORC1/p70S6K/Rps6 pathway by rapamycin disrupts RB and leads to an acceleration of terminal erythroid differentiation.This study demonstrates that the collapse of RB promotes erythroid cell terminal maturation and shows the regulatory role of mTORC1 pathway on RB during erythropoiesis
Bouakaz, Elli. "Choice of tRNA on Translating Ribosomes". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6324.
Texto completoG, C. Keshav. "Investigation of the Role of Bacterial Ribosomal RNA Methyltransferase Enzyme RsmC in Ribosome Biogenesis". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1621868567263046.
Texto completoCazillis, Michèle. "Contribution à l'étude des ribosomes de mammifères : classification des protéines des sous-unités ribosomales de cellule L. Importance de la région de l'interface des sous-unités dans la fonction du ribosome". Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077016.
Texto completoHamburg, Daisy-Malloy. "Biochemical and MALDI-MS methods for characterization of ribosomal proteins". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1204305343.
Texto completoAdvisor: Patrick Limbach. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 23, 2009). Keywords: MALDI-MS; ribosome; ribosomal proteins. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Tilley, Michael R. "Inheritance and gene regulation in a ribosomal protein gene family of arabidopsis thaliana". The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1071849759.
Texto completoCaufield, J. Harry. "N-TERMINAL PROCESSING OF RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L27 IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS". VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/361.
Texto completoWang, Kaihang. "Orthogonal ribosome evolution : 1. Functional epitopes at the ribosome subunit interface; 2. Evolved orthogonal ribosomes enhance the efficiency of synthetic genetic code expansion". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612470.
Texto completoLeplus, Alexis. "Study of factors implicated in small ribosomal subunit biogenesis under differents growth conditions". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210189.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kim, Sunghan. "Characterization of ribosomal S6 protein phosphorylation and possible control of ribosome biogenesis in arabidopsis cell culture". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1072819298.
Texto completoTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 147 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-147).
Kour, Ravinder. "Insights into the ribosomal, extra-ribosomal and developmental role of RP L13a in mammalian model". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1572548728931568.
Texto completoSaby, Manon Juliette. "Identification de gènes candidats pour l'anémie de Blackfan-Diamond et caractérisation phénotypique". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/SABY_Manon_va2.pdf.
Texto completoDiamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital rare erythroblastopenia due to a blockage in the maturation of erythroid cells between the BFU-e and CFU-e stages. DBA is characterized by an aregenerative, usually macrocytic, anemia, associated with the total absence or less than 5% of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. In 50% of DBA cases, anemia is associated with congenital malformations affecting the cephalic area and the extremities of the limbs and a growth delay. The DBA phenotype and genotype are heterogeneous, however a mutation in a ribosomal protein (RP) gene, always at heterozygous state, is found in 80% of cases. Up to date, 20 RP genes have been associated with DBA pathophysiology, establishing DBA as the first identified ribosomopathy. Mutations of these RP induce a defect in rRNA maturation. Therefore, for ribosome dysfunction, cell cycle arrest and p53-mediated apoptosis induction are responsible for erythroblastopenia in patients. More rarely, DBA may be the consequence of mutations present on a non-PR gene: the GATA-1 gene (major transcription factor of erythropoiesis), the TSR2 gene (interacting with the RPS26 protein and involved in ribosome biogenesis) or the EPO gene (erythropoiesis key cytokine) have been identified so far. However, 20% of the DBA patients are still not genotypically diagnosed, leaving room for the discovery of new candidate genes. In this perspective, the aim of my PhD was therefore to identify new candidate genes involved in DBA etiology and characterize their functional roles of in order to confirm their link with DBA. For this purpose, we sequenced exomes on 25 families and identified 8 candidate genes. In this manuscript, I will present my work as part of a bigger project to validate four new genes involved in BDA pathophysiology.RPL9 is a RP of the large 60S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this gene lead to two different phenotypes depending on the allelic variant: a DBA phenotype for an allelic variant of the 5' UTR or a phenotype associated with a cancer risk. As part of a collaborative work that compared the two RPL9 variants, I showed that the DBA variant only has an impact on erythroid differentiation Compared to a healthy individual, patients presenting the DBA variant exhibit a reduced proliferation rate and a delay in the acquisition of erythroid markers. P53-dependent activation of p21 in those cells is most likely responsible for the cell cycle arrest. Activation of caspases sign an induction of apoptosis and is consistent with the reduced viability of erythroid progenitors. A collaborative study on the RPL13 gene confirmed the specific role of certain RP proteins in non-DBA diseases and added a new disease to the list of ribosomopathiesXRibosome chaperone proteins represent a new group of genes that may be associated with DBA. I investigated the proliferation, division, amplification, differentiation and viability of primary erythroid cells from patients with allelic variations in one of these genes: HEATR3. These experiments revealed a lack of erythroid proliferation, with a defect in cell division. The mRNA and protein quantifications showed a stabilization of p53, leading to an activation of its targets: p21, controlling cell cycle, and Bax, involved in apoptosis induction. We also observed a delay in differentiation with the persistence of CD34 and IL-3R immaturity markers and a delay in the appearance of terminal markers such as BAND3 or alpha4-integrin. The role of HSP70 controlling GATA1 localization in early stages of the erythroid differentiation was recently elucidated. In this work, I identified as a new candidate gene for DBA, a HSP70 family member, HSPA14, and I characterized the defects in erythroid differentiation induced by this variant. Furthermore, I was able to identify an association of DBA with a variant in CECR1 gene encoding an adenosine deaminase in several families of the EURODBA consortium
Ghosh, Arnab. "Coevolution of Ribosomes and The Translational Apparatus: The Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Ribosomal Protein uS7 from Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1435159279.
Texto completoWeaver, Paul L. "Characterization of a putative RNA helicase, Dbp3p, in ribosomal RNA processing and ribosome biogenesis in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae /". The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148794750113696.
Texto completoBelin, Stéphane. "Implication de la biogenèse des ribosomes dans la tumorigenèse". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10309.
Texto completoRibosome biogenesis is a fundamental and extremely complex cell process. In mammals, ribosome synthesis coordinates the assembly of 80 proteins and 4 rRNA to form the two ribosomal sub-units. The maturation of the ribosome is a multi-step post-transcriptional process essential to obtain functional ribosomes. It is now well demonstrated that ribosome biogenesis and its regulation is altered during transformation process. However, if the increase of ribosome synthesis in cancer cell is well documented, there are numerous recent data suggesting that post-transcriptional steps could also be altered. In this biological context, the objectives of my Ph.D were to determine if: i) the maturation of rRNA is altered during the increase of ribosome synthesis; ii) these alterations could modify the ribosomes and alter their function and iii) these modifications directly participate to the deregulation of translation observed in cancer cells. We have explored the major steps of ribosome biogenesis as well as the structure of the cytoplasmic ribosomes and their functional capacity in different cellular models of tumor progression and/or aggressively. The results obtained show that in addition of the increase of the level of ribosome synthesis, post-transcriptional modifications are altered, particularly the level of rRNA methylation. These modifications are associated with strong defect of translation (stop codon bypass, misincorporation of amino-acid) and an increase of the IRES-dependant translation of important factors playing a crucial role in tumorigenesis. These results suggest that modifications of ribosome biogenesis could be a key step of cancer cell transformation
Carron, Coralie. "Maturation des pré-ribosomes humains et nucléologenèse post-mitotique". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1102/.
Texto completoMostly studied in the yeast S. Cerevisiae, ribosome biogenesis is a ubiquitous process, which is still poorly described in mammals. Recent studies performed in these organisms have revealed new maturation steps in mammals. These differences between yeast and human pre-rRNA processing together with the increasing number of diseases linked to ribosome biogenesis defects have fueled interest for these mechanisms in pluricellular organisms, especially Human. The objective of this thesis was to better define the mechanism underlying assembly and maturation of the small subunit, the production of which is simpler than that of the large subunit. This study was focused in two human orthologs of yeast pre-ribosomal factors, Enp1p and Tsr1p, known to be required at distinct steps of 40S particle maturation, i. E. Early and nuclear step for Enp1p and late and cytoplasmic step for Tsr1p. Our results show that these two proteins have conserved functions in mammalian small subunit biogenesis compared to yeast. However, we also find differences in the coordination between the export and the maturation of the pre-40S particle, and we describe a new 18S rRNA processing intermediate in human cells, the 21S-C pre-rRNA. After depletion of bystin or ribosomal protein, we unexpectedly observed a defect in pre-nucleolar bodies resorption at the end of the mitosis. Pre-nucleolar bodies (PNBs) are transient structures, described as assembly platforms for nucleoli reformation. Our results show for the first time that ribosome maturation is reactivated in PNBs. This leads us to propose that the ordered and progressive resorption of PNBs at the unset of the G1 phase is directed by pre-rRNA processing. Interestingly, depletion of some ribosomal proteins involved in DBA prevents resorption of PNBs and delays progression through G1 phase, which raises the issue of the possible involvement of post-mitotic nuclear organization defects in pathophysiological mechanisms. These results highlight ribosome biogenesis specificities in mammals and define part of post-mitotic nucleologenesis mechanisms
Garreau, de Loubresse Nicolas. "Etude structurale du ribosome eucaryote". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ128.
Texto completoThe ribosome is large cellular machinery that catalyzes and coordinates every step required to translate the genetic information encoded in messenger RNAs into proteins. With a molecular weight of 3.3 mega daltons, the eukaryotic ribosome is 40% larger compared to its bacterial counterpart. The fist axis of thesis presents the crystal structure of the complete eukaryotic 80S ribosome from yeast at high resolution. This structure constitutes a unique framework for future investigations of protein synthesis in eukaryotes and development of new therapeutic agents. The second axis of the thesis presents the crystal structures of two distinct families of eukaryote‐specific inhibitors, the glutarimides and the trichothecenes, bound the eukaryotic ribosome. These inhibitors constitute new tools to probe the ribosome functions and a starting point for future structure‐based drug design
Huynh, Dung Minh. "Mapping pseudouridine sites in Homo sapiens 18S ribosomal RNA, and the 3 dimensional ribosome map of nucleotide modifications". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402266.
Texto completoSeefeldt, Alexandra. "Inhibition of the bacterial ribosome by nascent and antimicrobial peptides". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0856/document.
Texto completoThe bacterial (70S) ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation and represents a major target for antibiotics. The synthesized peptide passes through the exit tunnel of the large ribosomal subunit before it is released into the cytoplasm. Specific peptides can inhibit translation by acting in cis (nascent peptide) or in trans (proline-rich antimicrobial peptides; PrAMPs) due to interactions with the tunnel. PrAMPs were reported to inhibit protein biosynthesis and bind to the 70S ribosome. During my thesis, I solved the crystal structures of four different PrAMPs in complex with the bacterial ribosome, revealing that all peptides cover the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) and bind in a reverse orientation within the exit tunnel relative to a nascent chain. From this, I concluded that PrAMP binding inhibits the transition from initiation towards elongation. Nascent chain-mediated translational arrest occurs when a nascent peptide interacts with the exit tunnel, leading to the rearrangement and inactivation of the PTC. Arrest can be solely due to the peptide’s sequence or may require a small molecule co-inducer, such as a drug. The underlying mechanisms of action for short arrest peptides (polyproline or M+X(+) motifs) remain unknown. In order to study these short arrest peptides biochemically and structurally, I adopted a strategy to form arrested ribosomal complexes through the direct addition of the arrest peptidyl moiety to tRNAiMet with the help of a small ribozyme known as flexizyme. I was able to solve the cryo-EM structure of a ribosome arrested by an M+X(+) motif in the presence of erythromycin and to propose a model for the allosteric inactivation of the PTC
MIYOSHI, Masaya, Tetsuya OKAJIMA, Tsukasa MATSUDA, Michiko N. FUKUDA y Daita NADANO. "Bystin in human cancer cells : intracellular localization and function in ribosome biogenesis". Biochemical Society, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9306.
Texto completoKshetri, Man B. "N-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF rRNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME RsmC IS IMPORTANT FOR ITS BINDING TO RNA AND RNA CHAPERON ACTIVITY". Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1621007414429417.
Texto completoCharollais, Julie. "CsdA et SrmB, deux ARN hélicases à boîte DEAD impliquées dans la biogenèse des ribosomes chez Escherichia coli". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066446.
Texto completoLarburu, Natacha. "Etude structurale de la biogenèse de la petite sous-unité ribosomique humaine par cryo-microscopie électronique et analyse d'images". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30336/document.
Texto completoRibosome biogenesis is a complex process that requires the production and the correct assembly of the 4 rRNAs with 80 ribosomal proteins. In Human, the production of the two subunits, 40S and 60S, is initiated by the transcription of a pre-ribosomal rRNA precursor to the mature 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNAs by the RNA polymerase I, which is chemically modified and trimmed by endo- and exoribonuclease, in order to form the mature rRNAs. The nascent pre rRNA associated with ribosomal proteins, small ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNP) and so called co-factors leading to the assembly of an initial 90S particle. This particle is then split into pre-40S and pre-60S pre-ribosomal particles that fallow independent maturation to form the mature subunit into the cytoplasm. Production of eukaryotic ribosomes implies the transient intervention of more than 200 associated proteins and ribonucleoprotein particles, that are absent from the mature subunits. Synthesis of ribosome, globally conserved in eukaryotes, has been principally studied in yeast. However, recent studies reveal that this process is more complex in human compared in yeast. An important bottleneck in this domain is the lack of structural data concerning the formation of intermediate ribosomal subunits to understand the function of assembly factors. Determination of the structural remodeling of pre-ribosomal particles is crucial to understand the molecular mechanism of this complex process. So I have undertaken a structural study on the assembly of the small ribosomal subunit using cryo-electron microscopy and image analysis. The goal of my thesis is to determine the 3D structures of human pre-40S particles at different maturation stages to see the structural remodeling that occurs during the biogenesis of the small ribosomal subunit. We are collaborating with the group of Pr Ulrike Kutay at ETH Zurich, who purify human pre-40S particles. The 3D structures of human pre-40S particles purified at an intermediate and late maturation stages, has been determined with a resolution of 19 and 15Å respectively. Supplementary densities, compared to the mature subunit, indicate the presence of assembly factors and show the unexpected presence of the RACK1 protein in the precursor of the human small ribosomal subunit in the cytoplasm. The comparison of the 3D structures of human pre-40S particle allows showing the structural remodeling that occur during the maturation of the small ribosomal subunit. This work provides the first 3D structure of human pre-40S particles and laid the methodological foundations for future exploration of the structural dynamics of pre-ribosomal particles
Heuer, André [Verfasser] y Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Beckmann. "The eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit in the context of translational recycling and ribosome biogenesis / André Heuer ; Betreuer: Roland Beckmann". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1171705166/34.
Texto completoSchillewaert, Stéphanie. "Etude de la maturation et de l'assemblage du ribosome eucaryote: caractérisation fonctionnelle de nouveaux facteurs trans-". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209826.
Texto completoParmi ces facteurs de synthèse, nous avons caractérisé en détail, chez la levure et chez l’homme, la protéine Las1 impliquée dans la maturation des deux extrémités de l’ITS2, séquence qui sépare les ARNr 5.8S et 25S/28S. Chez la levure, en absence de la protéine Las1, les analyses de profils de polysomes révèlent un déficit de sous-unité 60S et l’apparition d’« halfmères ». Les techniques de purification d’affinité et de gradient de sédimentation nous indiquent que Las1 est associée aux pré-ribosomes 60S et qu’elle interagit avec de nombreux facteurs de synthèse de la petite, de la grande sous-unité ou des deux. De plus, Las1 copurifie avec des pré-ribosomes qui contiennent aussi les exoribonucléases 5’-3’ Rat1/Rai1 et Xrn1. Rai1 coordonne la maturation aux deux extrémités de l’ARNr 5.8S. Nous suggérons que Las1 appartient à un macrocomplexe connectant spatialement des sites de clivages éloignés sur la séquence primaire du pré-ARNr qui seraient rapprochés suite au reploiement de l’ITS2.
Un autre aspect de ce travail de thèse consiste en l’étude de l’assemblage des particules ribonucléoprotéiques et plus spécifiquement du pré-ribosome et des sous-unités ribosomiques eucaryotes. Nous avons utilisé la technique d’immunoprécipitation de chromatine (Ch-IP) pour caractériser l’assemblage d’une structure appelée le « SSU processome ». Celui-ci correspond à un pré-ribosome en formation ainsi que l’assemblage des protéines ribosomiques sur l’ARNr naissant.
Enfin, nous avons étudié le rôle d’une plateforme d’activation de méthyltransférases d’ARN et de protéines, la protéine Trm112 dans la ribogenèse. Nous avons montré que chez la levure, Trm112 est impliquée dans la synthèse du ribosome et dans la progression de la mitose. En absence de cette protéine, les pré-ARNr sont dégradés par un mécanisme de surveillance. Trm112 copurifie avec plusieurs facteurs de synthèse du ribosome dont la méthyltransférase Bud23, impliquée dans la modification post-transcriptionnelle de l’ARNr18S. Trm112 est requise pour cette méthylation et nous postulons que la protéine Bud23 est incapable de se lier aux pré-ribosomes en l’absence de Trm112.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Duval, Mélodie. "La protéine ribosomique S1 d'Escherichia coli au carrefour de la traduction et de la régulation de l'expression des gènes". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ065.
Texto completoThe translation is a key step for the gene expression, and the aim of my PhD was to analyze the involvment of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1 in the translation initiation of structured mRNAs.My results show that 1) S1 is required for the establishment of the active translation initiation complex involving mRNAs with a weak SD sequence and/or stable structures, 2) S1 has a RNA chaperone activity, unwinding the mRNA in order to accommodate it in the decoding channel, and 3) the ribosome promotes its activity.In the second part of my thesis, I unexpectedly showed that S1 is involved in the ncRNAmediated regulation. Indeed, the fast degradation of sodB mRNA, induced by RyhB ncRNA under iron depletion, is impaired in a strain depleted of the C-terminal part of S1 protein, thus highlighting a functional link between S1 and the degradosome.All in one, my results show that S1 is endowed with multiple functions, at the cross-road between translation and regulation of gene expression
Jarzebowski, Léonard. "Unraveling variations in ribosome biogenesis activity in the mouse hematopoietic system at homeostasis in vivo". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066402/document.
Texto completoStem cells (SCs) differ from progenitors and differentiated cells on many aspects. Notably, SCs display particular characteristics in fundamental cellular processes, and ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) has recently been proposed to play an important role in the regulation of SCs. During my thesis, I have used various approaches to study the role and regulation of RiBi in SC populations, using in vivo and ex vivo mouse models.Using genetic inactivation of the RiBi factor Notchless (Nle), I have participated to the analysis of its role in the adult hematopoietic system and intestinal epithelium, and in the establishment of the first cell lineages during early embryogenesis. In vivo, constitutive Nle deficiency causes early embryonic lethality, and I showed ex vivo that Nle inactivation in embryonic SCs induces a ribosomal stress response mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, and proliferation/survival defects. Conditional Nle inactivation in the adult mouse also induces activation of p53 in hematopoietic and intestinal SCs in vivo, leading to their rapid elimination.In parallel, I have used different methods to analyze the RiBi activity of hematopoietic SCs (HSCs) and immature progenitors at homeostasis, in vivo in the adult mouse. Thus, I have unraveled variations in the RiBi activity of these populations, and notably uncovered previously unsuspected RiBi activity in HSCs despite their quiescent state.Altogether, my work supports the hypothesis of a role for RiBi in the regulation of SCs and provides better understanding of the activity of this process during hematopoietic differentiation
Hsiao, Chiaolong. "Computational bioinformatics on three-dimensional structures of ribosomes using multiresolutional analysis". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26634.
Texto completoCommittee Chair: Williams, Loren; Committee Member: Doyle, Donald; Committee Member: Harvey, Stephen; Committee Member: Hud, Nicholas; Committee Member: Wartell, Roger. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.