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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "RNA Synthesis"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 25 de julio de 2025

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1

Cazenave, C., and O. C. Uhlenbeck. "RNA template-directed RNA synthesis by T7 RNA polymerase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91, no. 15 (1994): 6972–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.15.6972.

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2

Sivakumaran, K., and C. Cheng Kao. "Initiation of Genomic Plus-Strand RNA Synthesis from DNA and RNA Templates by a Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase." Journal of Virology 73, no. 8 (1999): 6415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.8.6415-6423.1999.

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ABSTRACT In contrast to the synthesis of minus-strand genomic and plus-strand subgenomic RNAs, the requirements for brome mosaic virus (BMV) genomic plus-strand RNA synthesis in vitro have not been previously reported. Therefore, little is known about the biochemical requirements for directing genomic plus-strand synthesis. Using DNA templates to characterize the requirements for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase template recognition, we found that initiation from the 3′ end of a template requires one nucleotide 3′ of the initiation nucleotide. The addition of a nontemplated nucleotide at the 3′ en
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3

Beerens, Nancy, Barbara Selisko, Stefano Ricagno, et al. "De Novo Initiation of RNA Synthesis by the Arterivirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase." Journal of Virology 81, no. 16 (2007): 8384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00564-07.

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ABSTRACT All plus-strand RNA viruses encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that functions as the catalytic subunit of the viral replication/transcription complex, directing viral RNA synthesis in concert with other viral proteins and, sometimes, host proteins. RNA synthesis essentially can be initiated by two different mechanisms, de novo initiation and primer-dependent initiation. Most viral RdRps have been identified solely on the basis of comparative sequence analysis, and for many viruses the mechanism of initiation is unknown. In this study, using the family prototype equine arter
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4

Modahl, Lucy E., Thomas B. Macnaughton, Nongliao Zhu, Deborah L. Johnson, and Michael M. C. Lai. "RNA-Dependent Replication and Transcription of Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Involve Distinct Cellular RNA Polymerases." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 16 (2000): 6030–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.16.6030-6039.2000.

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ABSTRACT Cellular DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (pol II) has been postulated to carry out RNA-dependent RNA replication and transcription of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA, generating a full-length (1.7-kb) RNA genome and a subgenomic-length (0.8-kb) mRNA. However, the supporting evidence for this hypothesis was ambiguous because the previous experiments relied on DNA-templated transcription to initiate HDV RNA synthesis. Furthermore, there is no evidence that the same cellular enzyme is involved in the synthesis of both RNA species. In this study, we used a novel HDV RNA-based transfection
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5

Macnaughton, Thomas B., Stephanie T. Shi, Lucy E. Modahl, and Michael M. C. Lai. "Rolling Circle Replication of Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Is Carried Out by Two Different Cellular RNA Polymerases." Journal of Virology 76, no. 8 (2002): 3920–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.8.3920-3927.2002.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) contains a viroid-like circular RNA that is presumed to replicate via a rolling circle replication mechanism mediated by cellular RNA polymerases. However, the exact mechanism of rolling circle replication for HDV RNA and viroids is not clear. Using our recently described cDNA-free transfection system (L. E. Modahl and M. M. Lai, J. Virol. 72:5449-5456, 1998), we have succeeded in detecting HDV RNA replication by metabolic labeling with [32P]orthophosphate in vivo and obtained direct evidence that HDV RNA replication generates high-molecular-weight multimer
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6

Röthlisberger, Pascal, Christian Berk, and Jonathan Hall. "RNA Chemistry for RNA Biology." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 73, no. 5 (2019): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.368.

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Advances in the chemical synthesis of RNA have opened new possibilities to address current questions in RNA biology. Access to site-specifically modified oligoribonucleotides is often a pre-requisite for RNA chemical-biology projects. Driven by the enormous research efforts for development of oligonucleotide therapeutics, a wide range of chemical modifications have been developed to modulate the intrinsic properties of nucleic acids in order to fit their use as therapeutics or research tools. The RNA synthesis platform, supported by the NCCR RNA & Disease, aims to provide access to a large
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7

ZACHLEDER, V., and I. ŠETLÍK. "Distinct controls of DNA replication and of nuclear division in the cell cycles of the chlorococcal alga Scenedesmus quadricauda." Journal of Cell Science 91, no. 4 (1988): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.91.4.531.

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In the course of the cell cycle of Scenedesmus quadricauda, the syntheses of RNA and total protein occur in steps. Each step represents an approximate doubling of the preceding amount of RNA or protein per cell. The increase in protein content per cell runs parallel to, but with a constant delay behind, the corresponding RNA steps. When protein synthesis is suppressed (e.g. by maintaining the cells in the dark) after an RNA synthesis step has already occurred the cells double their DNA content, but no corresponding nuclear division occurs and uninuclear daughter cells with double the amount of
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8

Doudna, Jennifer A., and Jack W. Szostak. "RNA-catalysed synthesis of complementary-strand RNA." Nature 339, no. 6225 (1989): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339519a0.

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9

Illangasekare, M., G. Sanchez, T. Nickles, and M. Yarus. "Aminoacyl-RNA synthesis catalyzed by an RNA." Science 267, no. 5198 (1995): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7530860.

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10

Doudna, J. A., and J. W. Szostak. "RNA-catalysed synthesis of complementary strand RNA." Trends in Genetics 5 (1989): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(89)90125-x.

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11

Wang, Lei, Neil A. Smith, Lan Zhang, et al. "Synthesis of complementary RNA by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in plant extracts is independent of an RNA primer." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 11 (2008): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08118.

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RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) activities were readily detected in extracts from cauliflower and broccoli florets, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh callus tissue and broccoli nuclei. The synthesis of complementary RNA (cRNA) was independent of a RNA primer, whether or not the primer contained a 3′ terminal 2′-O-methyl group or was phosphorylated at the 5′ terminus. cRNA synthesis in plant extracts was not affected by loss-of-function mutations in the DICER-LIKE (DCL) proteins DCL2, DCL3, and DCL4, indicating that RDRs function independently of these DCL proteins. A loss-of-function mutation
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12

Ranjith-Kumar, C. T., Les Gutshall, Min-Ju Kim, Robert T. Sarisky, and C. Cheng Kao. "Requirements for De Novo Initiation of RNA Synthesis by Recombinant Flaviviral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases." Journal of Virology 76, no. 24 (2002): 12526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.24.12526-12536.2002.

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ABSTRACT RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) that initiate RNA synthesis by a de novo mechanism should specifically recognize the template initiation nucleotide, T1, and the substrate initiation nucleotide, the NTPi. The RdRps from hepatitis C virus (HCV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and GB virus-B all can initiate RNA synthesis by a de novo mechanism. We used RNAs and GTP analogs, respectively, to examine the use of the T1 nucleotide and the initiation nucleotide (NTPi) during de novo initiation of RNA synthesis. The effects of the metal ions Mg2+ and Mn2+ on initiation were also an
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13

Rohayem, Jacques, Katrin Jäger, Ivonne Robel, Ulrike Scheffler, Achim Temme, and Wolfram Rudolph. "Characterization of norovirus 3Dpol RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and initiation of RNA synthesis." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 9 (2006): 2621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81802-0.

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Norovirus (NV) 3Dpol is a non-structural protein predicted to play an essential role in the replication of the NV genome. In this study, the characteristics of NV 3Dpol activity and initiation of RNA synthesis have been examined in vitro. Recombinant NV 3Dpol, as well as a 3Dpol active-site mutant were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. NV 3Dpol was able to synthesize RNA in vitro and displayed flexibility with respect to the use of Mg2+ or Mn2+ as a cofactor. NV 3Dpol yielded two different products when incubated with synthetic RNA in vitro: (i) a double-stranded RNA consisting of tw
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14

Mairhofer, Elisabeth, Elisabeth Fuchs, and Ronald Micura. "Facile synthesis of a 3-deazaadenosine phosphoramidite for RNA solid-phase synthesis." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (November 28, 2016): 2556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.250.

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Access to 3-deazaadenosine (c3A) building blocks for RNA solid-phase synthesis represents a severe bottleneck in modern RNA research, in particular for atomic mutagenesis experiments to explore mechanistic aspects of ribozyme catalysis. Here, we report the 5-step synthesis of a c3A phosphoramidite from cost-affordable starting materials. The key reaction is a silyl-Hilbert–Johnson nucleosidation using unprotected 6-amino-3-deazapurine and benzoyl-protected 1-O-acetylribose. The novel path is superior to previously described syntheses in terms of efficacy and ease of laboratory handling.
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15

Kao, C. Cheng, Xueyong Yang, Allen Kline, Q. May Wang, Donna Barket, and Beverly A. Heinz. "Template Requirements for RNA Synthesis by a Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase." Journal of Virology 74, no. 23 (2000): 11121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.23.11121-11128.2000.

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ABSTRACT The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from hepatitis C virus (HCV), nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), has recently been shown to direct de novo initiation using a number of complex RNA templates. In this study, we analyzed the features in simple RNA templates that are required to direct de novo initiation of RNA synthesis by HCV NS5B. NS5B was found to protect RNA fragments of 8 to 10 nucleotides (nt) from RNase digestion. However, NS5B could not direct RNA synthesis unless the template contained a stable secondary structure and a single-stranded sequence that contained at least one
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16

van Dijk, Alberdina A., Eugene V. Makeyev, and Dennis H. Bamford. "Initiation of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerization." Journal of General Virology 85, no. 5 (2004): 1077–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19731-0.

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This review summarizes the combined insights from recent structural and functional studies of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) with the primary focus on the mechanisms of initiation of RNA synthesis. Replication of RNA viruses has traditionally been approached using a combination of biochemical and genetic methods. Recently, high-resolution structures of six viral RdRPs have been determined. For three RdRPs, enzyme complexes with metal ions, single-stranded RNA and/or nucleoside triphosphates have also been solved. These advances have expanded our understanding of the molecular mech
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17

Guo, Hui, Mengyue Fan, Zengjin Li, Wei Tang, and Xinrui Duan. "Ratiometric RNA aptamer/fluorophore complex for RNA synthesis detection." Analytical Methods 10, no. 47 (2018): 5629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay01880d.

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18

Sun, Jin-Hua, Scott Adkins, Greta Faurote, and C. Cheng Kao. "Initiation of (−)-Strand RNA Synthesis Catalyzed by the BMV RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase: Synthesis of Oligonucleotides." Virology 226, no. 1 (1996): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1996.0622.

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19

Sun, Jin-Hua, Scott Adkins, Greta Faurote, and C. Cheng Kao. "Initiation of (—)-Strand RNA Synthesis Catalyzed by the BMV RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase: Synthesis of Oligonucleotides." Virology 228, no. 1 (1997): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1996.8404.

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20

Unrau, Peter J., and David P. Bartel. "RNA-catalysed nucleotide synthesis." Nature 395, no. 6699 (1998): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/26193.

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21

Coleman, Tricia M., and Faqing Huang. "RNA-Catalyzed Thioester Synthesis." Chemistry & Biology 9, no. 11 (2002): 1227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-5521(02)00264-8.

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22

Cedergren, Robert, and Henri Grosjean. "RNA design by in vitro RNA recombination and synthesis." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 65, no. 8 (1987): 677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o87-090.

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The techniques of in vitro RNA synthesis and recombination are presented. These include the site-specific cleavage of RNA, the manipulation of terminal phosphates, and the ligation of RNA fragments. Areas of promising future research include the establishment of RNA cloning vectors and the use of in vitro transcription of natural or designed RNA genes. The chemical synthesis approach now offers the possibility of making large amounts of biologically active length RNAs and of incorporating modified or reporter nucleotides into RNA sequences for physical studies. The new RNA techniques taken wit
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23

Walther, Udo Ingbert, Johannes Schulze, and Wolfgang Forth. "Inhibition of protein synthesis by zinc: comparison between protein synthesis and RNA synthesis." Human & Experimental Toxicology 17, no. 12 (1998): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719801701203.

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Inhalation of zinc fumes may lead to the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The mechanisms of pulmonary zinc toxicity are not yet understood. Therefore we investigated zinc-dependent depression of protein and RNA synthesis in rat and human lung cell lines. 1 After exposure to 120 or 150 mmol/l zinc, RNA synthesis as assessed by uridine incorporation decreased by 60-70% between 0 and 2 h exposition in rat alveolar type II cells (L2 cells) and human fibroblast-like cells (11Lu and 16Lu cells), and by 90% between 0 and 4 h in carcinoma-derived cells (A549 cells). 2 After 2 h exposure, L2, 11Lu,
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24

Tayon, R. "Completion of RNA synthesis by viral RNA replicases." Nucleic Acids Research 29, no. 17 (2001): 3576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/29.17.3576.

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25

Illangasekare, M., and M. Yarus. "Specific, rapid synthesis of Phe-RNA by RNA." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, no. 10 (1999): 5470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.10.5470.

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26

Sun, Xin-Lai, Robert B. Johnson, Michelle A. Hockman, and Q. May Wang. "De Novo RNA Synthesis Catalyzed by HCV RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 268, no. 3 (2000): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.2120.

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27

Fahrenbach, Albert C. "Template-directed nonenzymatic oligonucleotide synthesis: lessons from synthetic chemistry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 2 (2015): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-1004.

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AbstractThe nonenzymatic synthesis of nucleic acids, in particular, RNA, and the template-directed synthesis of artificial organic molecules, such as macrocycles, catenanes and rotaxanes, have both undergone significant development since the last half of the 20th century. The intersection of these two fields affords insights into how template effects can lead to information copying and storage at the molecular level. Mechanistic examples of model template-directed RNA replication experiments as well as those for totally artificial organic template-directed syntheses will be discussed. The fact
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28

Cao, Dongdong, Yunrong Gao, and Bo Liang. "Structural Insights into the Respiratory Syncytial Virus RNA Synthesis Complexes." Viruses 13, no. 5 (2021): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050834.

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RNA synthesis in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a negative-sense (−) nonsegmented RNA virus, consists of viral gene transcription and genome replication. Gene transcription includes the positive-sense (+) viral mRNA synthesis, 5′-RNA capping and methylation, and 3′ end polyadenylation. Genome replication includes (+) RNA antigenome and (−) RNA genome synthesis. RSV executes the viral RNA synthesis using an RNA synthesis ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, comprising four proteins, the nucleoprotein (N), the large protein (L), the phosphoprotein (P), and the M2-1 protein. We provide an overvie
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29

Murray, Kenneth E., and David J. Barton. "Poliovirus CRE-Dependent VPg Uridylylation Is Required for Positive-Strand RNA Synthesis but Not for Negative-Strand RNA Synthesis." Journal of Virology 77, no. 8 (2003): 4739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.8.4739-4750.2003.

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ABSTRACT The cis-acting replication element (CRE) is a 61-nucleotide stem-loop RNA structure found within the coding sequence of poliovirus protein 2C. Although the CRE is required for viral RNA replication, its precise role(s) in negative- and positive-strand RNA synthesis has not been defined. Adenosine in the loop of the CRE RNA structure functions as the template for the uridylylation of the viral protein VPg. VPgpUpUOH, the predominant product of CRE-dependent VPg uridylylation, is a putative primer for the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. By examining the sequential synthesis of
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30

Peacock, Thomas P., Carol M. Sheppard, Ecco Staller, and Wendy S. Barclay. "Host Determinants of Influenza RNA Synthesis." Annual Review of Virology 6, no. 1 (2019): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-092917-043339.

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Influenza viruses are a leading cause of seasonal and pandemic respiratory illness. Influenza is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus that encodes its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for nucleic acid synthesis. The RdRp catalyzes mRNA synthesis, as well as replication of the virus genome (viral RNA) through a complementary RNA intermediate. Virus propagation requires the generation of these RNA species in a controlled manner while competing heavily with the host cell for resources. Influenza virus appropriates host factors to enhance and regulate RdRp activity at every step of RN
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31

Kim, Min-Ju, Weidong Zhong, Zhi Hong, and C. Cheng Kao. "Template Nucleotide Moieties Required for De Novo Initiation of RNA Synthesis by a Recombinant Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase." Journal of Virology 74, no. 22 (2000): 10312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.22.10312-10322.2000.

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ABSTRACT The recombinant RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the bovine viral diarrhea virus specifically requires a cytidylate at the 3′ end for the de novo initiation of RNA synthesis (C. C. Kao, A. M. Del Vecchio, and W. Zhong, Virology 253:1–7, 1999). Using RNAs containing nucleotide analogs, we found that the N3 and C4-amino group at the initiation cytidine were required for RNA synthesis. However, the ribose C2′-hydroxyl of the initiating cytidylate can accept several modifications and retain the ability to direct synthesis. The only unacceptable modification is a protonated C2′-amino group.
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32

Steil, Benjamin P., and David J. Barton. "Poliovirus cis-Acting Replication Element-Dependent VPg Uridylylation Lowers the Km of the Initiating Nucleoside Triphosphate for Viral RNA Replication." Journal of Virology 82, no. 19 (2008): 9400–9408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00427-08.

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ABSTRACT Initiation of RNA synthesis by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases occurs when a phosphodiester bond is formed between the first two nucleotides in the 5′ terminus of product RNA. The concentration of initiating nucleoside triphosphates (NTPi) required for RNA synthesis is typically greater than the concentration of NTPs required for elongation. VPg, a small viral protein, is covalently attached to the 5′ end of picornavirus negative- and positive-strand RNAs. A cis-acting replication element (CRE) within picornavirus RNAs serves as a template for the uridylylation of VPg, resulting in the
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33

Morasco, B. Joan, Nidhi Sharma, Jessica Parilla, and James B. Flanegan. "Poliovirus cre(2C)-Dependent Synthesis of VPgpUpU Is Required for Positive- but Not Negative-Strand RNA Synthesis." Journal of Virology 77, no. 9 (2003): 5136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.9.5136-5144.2003.

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ABSTRACT The cre(2C) hairpin is a cis-acting replication element in poliovirus RNA and serves as a template for the synthesis of VPgpUpU. We investigated the role of the cre(2C) hairpin on VPgpUpU synthesis and viral RNA replication in preinitiation RNA replication complexes isolated from HeLa S10 translation-RNA replication reactions. cre(2C) hairpin mutations that block VPgpUpU synthesis in reconstituted assays with purified VPg and poliovirus polymerase were also found to completely inhibit VPgpUpU synthesis in preinitiation replication complexes. Surprisingly, blocking VPgpUpU synthesis by
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34

Luo, Guangxiang, Robert K. Hamatake, Danielle M. Mathis, et al. "De Novo Initiation of RNA Synthesis by the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (NS5B) of Hepatitis C Virus." Journal of Virology 74, no. 2 (2000): 851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.2.851-863.2000.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B protein possesses an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity, a major function responsible for replication of the viral RNA genome. To further characterize the RdRp activity, NS5B proteins were expressed from recombinant baculoviruses, purified to near homogeneity, and examined for their ability to synthesize RNA in vitro. As a result, a highly active NS5B RdRp (1b-42), which contains an 18-amino acid C-terminal truncation resulting from a newly created stop codon, was identified among a number of independent isolates. The RdRp activity of the truncat
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35

Fukuda, Ryuji, and Eriko Hatada. "RNA synthesis of influenza A viruses. Temperature-sensitive mutants defective in RNA synthesis." Uirusu 36, no. 2 (1986): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2222/jsv.36.203.

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36

Sawicki, S. G., and D. L. Sawicki. "Coronavirus minus-strand RNA synthesis and effect of cycloheximide on coronavirus RNA synthesis." Journal of Virology 57, no. 1 (1986): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.57.1.328-334.1986.

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37

Resa-Infante, Patricia, Núria Jorba, Rocio Coloma, and Juan Ortin. "The influenza virus RNA synthesis machine." RNA Biology 8, no. 2 (2011): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.8.2.14513.

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38

ILLANGASEKARE, MALI, and MICHAEL YARUS. "A tiny RNA that catalyzes both aminoacyl-RNA and peptidyl-RNA synthesis." RNA 5, no. 11 (1999): 1482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355838299991264.

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39

Heck, Julie A., Xiao Meng, and David N. Frick. "Cyclophilin B stimulates RNA synthesis by the HCV RNA dependent RNA polymerase." Biochemical Pharmacology 77, no. 7 (2009): 1173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2008.12.019.

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40

Lai, Vicky C. H., C. Cheng Kao, Eric Ferrari, et al. "Mutational Analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase." Journal of Virology 73, no. 12 (1999): 10129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.12.10129-10136.1999.

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ABSTRACT Recombinant bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) produced in insect cells has been shown to possess an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. Our initial attempt to produce the full-length BVDV NS5B with a C-terminal hexahistidine tag in Escherichia coli failed due to the expression of insoluble products. Prompted by a recent report that removal of the C-terminal hydrophobic domain significantly improved the solubility of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B, we constructed a similar deletion of 24 amino acids at the C terminus of BVDV NS5B. The resulting
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41

Steil, Benjamin P., and David J. Barton. "Conversion of VPg into VPgpUpUOH before and during Poliovirus Negative-Strand RNA Synthesis." Journal of Virology 83, no. 24 (2009): 12660–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01676-08.

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ABSTRACT There are two protein primers involved in picornavirus RNA replication, VPg, the viral protein of the genome, and VPgpUpUOH. A cis-acting replication element (CRE) within the open reading frame of poliovirus (PV) RNA allows the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3DPol to catalyze the conversion of VPg into VPgpUpUOH. In this study, we used preinitiation RNA replication complexes (PIRCs) to determine when CRE-dependent VPg uridylylation occurs relative to the sequential synthesis of negative- and positive-strand RNA. Guanidine HCl (2 mM), a reversible inhibitor of PV 2CATPase, prevente
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42

Ivanov, S. A., R. Welz, M. B. Gottikh, and S. Müller. "RNA Synthesis by T7 RNA Polymerase Supported Primer Extension." Molecular Biology 38, no. 5 (2004): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:mbil.0000043937.13698.f0.

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Zhu, Bin, Alfredo Hernandez, Min Tan, Jan Wollenhaupt, Stanley Tabor, and Charles C. Richardson. "Synthesis of 2′-Fluoro RNA by Syn5 RNA polymerase." Nucleic Acids Research 43, no. 14 (2015): e94-e94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv367.

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Paul, Aniko V., Jacques H. van Boom, Dmitri Filippov, and Eckard Wimmer. "Protein-primed RNA synthesis by purified poliovirus RNA polymerase." Nature 393, no. 6682 (1998): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/30529.

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45

Curran, Joseph, and Daniel Kolakofsky. "Nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus RNA synthesis in vivo." Virology 371, no. 2 (2008): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2007.11.022.

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46

Ortín, Juan, and Jaime Martín-Benito. "The RNA synthesis machinery of negative-stranded RNA viruses." Virology 479-480 (May 2015): 532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.018.

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Kao, C. Cheng, Paul Singh, and David J. Ecker. "De Novo Initiation of Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Synthesis." Virology 287, no. 2 (2001): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.2001.1039.

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Cemre Altun, Gozde Yeshiltash, Cemre Altun, Gozde Yeshiltash. "PRODUCTION OF T7 RNA POLYMERASE ENZYME WITH RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 30, no. 01 (2024): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc30012024-84.

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T7 RNA polymerase is an enzyme that performs RNA synthesis using the DNA template. RNA polymerases carry out the process of RNA synthesis using the template of DNA, while T7 RNA polymerase is an enzyme found in the genome of the T7 bacteriophage [1]. T7 RNA polymerase is an enzyme used especially in in vitro (extracellular) transcription experiments. This enzyme initiates RNA synthesis from the DNA template and creates the RNA molecule. T7 RNA polymerase is known for its high specificity and efficiency. It can synthesize RNA more quickly and effectively compared to other RNA polymerase enzymes
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Harold, Cecelia M., Amber F. Buhagiar, Yan Cheng, and Susan J. Baserga. "Ribosomal RNA Transcription Regulation in Breast Cancer." Genes 12, no. 4 (2021): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040502.

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Ribosome biogenesis is a complex process that is responsible for the formation of ribosomes and ultimately global protein synthesis. The first step in this process is the synthesis of the ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus, transcribed by RNA Polymerase I. Historically, abnormal nucleolar structure is indicative of poor cancer prognoses. In recent years, it has been shown that ribosome biogenesis, and rDNA transcription in particular, is dysregulated in cancer cells. Coupled with advancements in screening technology that allowed for the discovery of novel drugs targeting RNA Polymerase I, this tra
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Di, Lin, Yusi Fu, Yue Sun, et al. "RNA sequencing by direct tagmentation of RNA/DNA hybrids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 6 (2020): 2886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919800117.

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Transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has been widely used to characterize cellular status, but it relies on second-strand complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis to generate initial material for library preparation. Here we use bacterial transposase Tn5, which has been increasingly used in various high-throughput DNA analyses, to construct RNA-seq libraries without second-strand synthesis. We show that Tn5 transposome can randomly bind RNA/DNA heteroduplexes and add sequencing adapters onto RNA directly after reverse transcription. This method, Sequencing HEteRo RNA-DNA-hYbrid (SHERR
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