Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Role of teachers and pedagogical coordinators in elementary school I"

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a função do coordenador pedagógico salientando a importância da mediação no espaço escolar. O estudo realizado em uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil localizada em Cuiabá-MT. Participaram desta pesquisa cinco professores e um coordenador, que atuam na Educação infantil. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: pesquisa bibliográfica, observação, entrevista semiestruturada. Destarte, o problema da pesquisa se concentrou em investigar em que medida o trabalho do coordenador pedagógico, como mediador no espaço escolar, contribui para a prática docente? Os resultados apontaram que o trabalho desenvolvido pela coordenação pedagógica, permeado pela mediação e diálogo na escola, contribui para a reflexão e tomada de consciência dos professores resultando na melhoria do ensino-aprendizagem. Verificou-se, também, que o coordenador como multiplicador e mediador de conhecimentos é o profissional que transita no pedagógico subsidiando os professores que por sua vez, desenvolve a sua prática, em sala de aula, promovendo uma dinâmica de interação articuladora.Palavras-chave: Coordenador Pedagógico. Ensino e Aprendizagem. Mediação.AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the role of the pedagogical coordinator highlighting the importance of the school environment mediation. The study was carried out in a Municipal Elementary School located in Cuiabá city in MT state. Five teachers and one coordinator who work in childhood education took place in this survey. The following data collection tools were used: bibliographic research, observation, semi-structured interview. Thus, the research issue focused on the following investigative question: To what extent does the pedagogical coordinator work, as the school environment mediator, contribute to the teaching practice? The results showed that the work developed by the pedagogical coordination, permeated by mediation and dialogue in the school, contributes to the teachers’ reflection and awareness resulting in the improvement of the teaching-learning process. It was also found out that the coordinator as a knowledge multiplier and mediator is the professional who wanders along pedagogical field supporting teachers who in turn, develop their practice in the classroom, promoting a dynamic and articulating interaction.Keywords: Pedagogical Coordinator. Teaching and Learning. Mediation.

The purpose of this research is to examine the work of the ICT coordinator in the school: How does the coordinator see his role and work, what are the characteristics of the coordinators work and his relationship with supervisors, instructors, principals, teachers and students. The research was conducted in the qualitative method, the tool used to assemble data was a semi-structured interview; Ten ICT coordinators were interviewed from a variety of ages and a wide range of experience in teaching. The study found that ICT coordinators are the key figures in getting the process of implementation moving. The ICT coordinators know the importance of their roles in the schools and feel a great sense of responsibility. The coordinators are responsible for many fields, including the budgetary framework, promoting the teaching-learning process and leading school projects. The coordinators attest to a high level of trust with the principals and a good working relationship with the Ministry of Education’s instructors, so that they have an open channel of dialogue and can consult with them. The work of the coordinator with the teachers consists of the pedagogical and technical aspect that are intertwined and attest to each other’s existence.

This article highlights the socio-pedagogical role of the school through the perceptions of schoolteachers who work in Greek elementary school, which are related to social pedagogy. The results of our research follow the literature review on socio-pedagogical issues. For the research process, a research tool (questionnaire) was developed to examine the extent to which each identified socio-pedagogical problem concerns teachers. The survey was completed by 225 teachers of all specialties, most of them primary school teachers. As a result of their responses, teachers are largely confronted with students’ behavioral problems, problematic communication between school and family, child abuse and neglect, and differences in the specific learning needs of children. It is proposed to focus the socio-pedagogical research on all of the above in order to strengthen teachers in their work.

The article touches upon the problems of organization and semantic direction of professional education of elementary school teachers on the territory of Ukraine at the time of Russian Empire and the Soviet period. The specifics of degree education of future teachers is defined: the way of formation, development, factors, which cause their changes.The periodization of this process, created by O. Shkvyr is suggested. The role of famous people of the past time in formation and development of fundamental preparation of teachers is mentioned. For example, M. Lomonosov, who suggested to create a special pedagogical educational institution , developed and substantiated mandatory requirements towards practical activity of teachers; K. Ushynskiy , as the author of the first systems of preparation of folk school teachers , recommendations concerning organization of the teachers' seminarium activity and the content of future preparation of folk school teachers. Some aspects touch upon the experience of educational institutions, where professional preparation of teachers for elementary school took place, are also described in this article. Legislative documents and scientific- pedagogical literature, which illustrate the state and content of professional preparation of future teachers of the elementary school on different stages of the society development , are analyzed. Key words: a teacher of the elementary school, content of education, a period, professional preparation, development, formation, degree education.

<p><em>This article examines the extent to which the autonomy and accountability of principals, ICT coordinators, and teachers affect the successful implementation and assimilation of ICT in Arab sector elementary schools in Israel. The findings show strong positive correlations between the level of autonomy and accountability of principals (rp=0.763, p<0.001), coordinators (rp=0.588, p<0.001), and teachers (rp=0.770, p<0.001) and successful implementation and assimilation of IT in schools. The conclusions emphasize the leading role of ICT coordinator as an agent of change, the necessity for collaboration between academy and school in order to create an environment for proper assimilating ICT into schools’ vision and reality, as well as the importance of personal empowerment in ICT leaders to foster a new form of ICT leadership.</em></p>

A principal has an important role in improving teacher’s competence. This qualitative research with a case study approach aimed to reveal school principal’s role in increasing teacher pedagogical and professional competence in Muhammadiyah elementary school of Macanan, Sleman and Muhammadiyah elementary school of Al-Mujahidin, Gunungkidul. The research subject was the school principal and teachers. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation, then were analyzed using the stages of data collection, data reduction, data representation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the role of the school principal in increasing teacher pedagogical and professional competence was as a manager, leader, and innovator. As a manager, the school principal planned the program by detailing educators need and education staff, planning curriculum, and planning a policy for ad-ding the subject of guidance and counselling. As a leader, the school principal set the targets regarding class management and arranged a briefing, while as an innovator, the school principal emphasized the importance of innovation of information technology-based learning and class management. The three roles of the school principal impacted on teacher competence in conducting fun and meaningful learning, class management, the use of information technology in learning, the mastery of the material and student development. This research finding recommends Indonesia’s educational stakeholders to formulate the teacher’s competence development program.

The article describes the directions of modernization of preparation of future elementary school teachers in the countries of the European Community, analyzes the normative documents, which reflect the basic requirements for professional pedagogical training. The ways of standardization of elementary school teachers training in pedagogical colleges at the pedagogical faculties of universities are distinguished: national standard of qualified teacher, national curriculum, criteria for professional and pedagogical readiness of the university graduates are defined and reflected in their qualification characteristics. Psychological-pedagogical component, which includes a cycle of psycho-pedagogical disciplines, is recognized as a priority in the professional training of teachers. A characteristic feature of professional pedagogical training is two-phase – academic and practical training, two-stage system of training: at the level of bachelor and master. The tendency to reduce the number of pedagogical colleges and their accession to universities is indicated. The integration of pedagogical education of the countries of the European Community is characterized and the principles of development of the European educational space are named. Four paradigms that coexist in the educational systems of European countries are distinguished: academic-traditional, technological, individual, and research-oriented. The role of pedagogical practice in the system of preparation of future primary school teachers in the countries of Europe is characterized, its types and duration are distinguished.

The article describes the directions of modernization of preparation of future elementary school teachers in the countries of the European Community, analyzes the normative documents, which reflect the basic requirements for professional pedagogical training. The ways of standardization of elementary school teachers training in pedagogical colleges at the pedagogical faculties of universities are distinguished: national standard of qualified teacher, national curriculum, criteria for professional and pedagogical readiness of the university graduates are defined and reflected in their qualification characteristics. Psychological-pedagogical component, which includes a cycle of psycho-pedagogical disciplines, is recognized as a priority in the professional training of teachers. A characteristic feature of professional pedagogical training is two-phase – academic and practical training, two-stage system of training: at the level of bachelor and master. The tendency to reduce the number of pedagogical colleges and their accession to universities is indicated. The integration of pedagogical education of the countries of the European Community is characterized and the principles of development of the European educational space are named. Four paradigms that coexist in the educational systems of European countries are distinguished: academic-traditional, technological, individual, and research-oriented. The role of pedagogical practice in the system of preparation of future primary school teachers in the countries of Europe is characterized, its types and duration are distinguished.

The goals of modern education go beyond mastering cognitive skills, competencies and knowledge. An equally important result of education is the child's school well-being, his/her positive attitude towards school, learning, teachers, and his/her own potential. This study is dedicated to the exploration of internal and external predictors of well-being in Russian elementary schoolchildren (N=1006).It assesses the impact of the learning system (developmental/traditional), satisfaction with relationships with teachers, and intrinsic and extrinsic types of academic motivation on school well-being and academic self-esteem. The results of the study show that the well-being of elementary schoolchildren is based on the positive impact of intrinsic and autonomous motivation and the negative impact of external motivation based on control and demands of teachers and parents. The results also show that the child’s relationship with the teacher and perception of him/her as an interesting person, ready to help and support in the learning process, play an important role in the child’s school well-being and intrinsic motivation. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) confirm that developmental education programs, in comparison with traditional ones, also contribute to school well-being and academic self-esteem of elementary schoolchildren. The practical significance of the study is to take into account the role of both pedagogical (the role of the teacher’s personality and the teaching system) and psychological factors (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation) in maintaining the well-being of elementary schoolchildren.

<p>Teacher professional development plays an important role in a teacher’s growth and every year school districts spend a large portion of their budgets in professional development activities. However, as districts face increasing budget cuts, funds for professional development compete against other district priorities. As a result, partnerships between school districts and teacher training institutions can play an important role in supplying school districts with professional development activities to fit their teachers’ needs. This article describes a partnership between a school district and a local university to provide over 100 hours of professional development to 30 elementary school teachers. Results from the evaluation of the program indicate that the program had a significant impact on participating teachers’ perceptions of their science knowledge and pedagogical skills.<strong></strong></p>

Abstract Education plays an important role in a society. Each and every country around the globe has its own education system to educate their own society. In this way, Malaysia has its own education system. Here, students undergo education in different stages such as, kindergarten (pre-school), primary school (elementary), secondary school (high), and college or university. Of these, kindergarten, primary and secondary educations are in schools. School education is basic for a child. Hence, teacher role is very essential in teaching and learning process. Sultan Idris Education University is No.1 Education University which produces a lot of teachers and are been posted as teachers in various parts of the country. Thus posted teachers teach in secondary schools in Malaysia. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the pedagogy knowledge of the secondary school teachers using testing and evaluation theory. The study is limited to the Perak state teachers of Malaysia. The researcher has used the descriptive research method for this study. Questionnaire is prepared according to the essential pedagogical knowledge for the teachers based on testing and evaluation theory. The data are collected through observing the classroom teaching of the teachers. The findings of the study are described in this article.

Aim/Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine what ICT coordinators perceive as the main elements of knowledge needed to implement ICT successfully into school culture. Background: For the past few years, Israel’s Ministry of Education has been running a national program of adapting the education system to the 21st century skills. Key teachers have been appointed as ICT coordinators. Their role was to implement technology in schools. Methodology: The participants in this study were 130 ICT coordinators in Israeli Hebrew and Arabic schools. Those ICT coordinators had to attend a special in-service 60-hour course throughout an entire school year. The research tool was the reflection of the ICT coordinators who were asked to complete at the end of the in-service course. Narrative analysis was chosen as the main approach to data analysis. Contribution: We claim that ICT coordinators maintain a complex perception of their role, based on broad personal and professional knowledge that enables them to lead the needed changes. Findings: Based on the findings the coordinators revealed primary successful elements of their work: (a) technological aspects, (b) pedagogical aspects, (c) the organizational aspects, and (d) the ICT coordinator as a leader of systemic change. The first two elements already appear in the TPACK construct, while the others constitute organizational knowledge (OK) and leadership knowledge (LK) that enables the coordinators to facilitate ICT implementation in schools, and these are the unique elements of this study. Recommendations for Practitioners : We recommend that when choosing ICT coordinators or ICT implementation leaders at school, one should check not only that they possess the familiar TPACK knowledge, but also organizational knowledge and leadership knowledge that was found essential to successful completion of the coordinators’ role. Impact on Society : his study has shed light on the nature and significance of leadership knowledge (LK) and its function as an additional expression of TPACK. Future Research: We suggest that future research about educational technology leaders’ TPACK be drawn from these results.

Introduction: This study presents the results of an investigation, which addressed trends in teaching humanities and ethics when training future elementary school teachers participating in a distance and virtual education program. Humanistic education is understood to be a way to develop human sensitivity towards cultural and social diversity in order to understand the world. Objective: Its purpose, among others, is to foster the development of humanism among students. Current problems focus on the most basic and primitive behaviors of the human being, such as their ability to annihilate, reject, exclude, isolate, dominate and control others. Universities have interpreted these ideological conditions as the educational processes that fall within commercial and industrialized educational frameworks. Method: This study was then conducted as an ethnography, which utilized videos as a non-participant technique for observation and record of virtual activity, collected and analyzed through ATLAS-Ti. Results: The results show that the most common pedagogical trends emerge from teacher-student interactions, which are integrated through socio-constructive, cognitive and behavioral processes. Discussion y Conclusion: In particular, such experiences as the need to persist teaching values, ethical principles, and the teacher’s role in training and transmitting humanistic and ethical knowledge can be shared with the community.

Since many say watching movies can have a positive effect on language learning outcomes, this research was done to find out which skills movies can contribute most to, whether speaking, listening, reading, writing, vocabulary, grammar or cultural aspects. A qualitative research method was used for this study. This study was done to find out the teachers’ perceptions of using English movies in English Language Teaching (ELT) processes. Teachers from three different levels: primary, secondary, and senior high-school teachers were asked to answer a questionnaire set in accordance with the research topic. Five of them were senior high school teachers, two of them were junior high school teachers, and three of them were elementary school teachers. Creative interviews were also used as an additional data source. The results showed that most of the teachers agreed that movies play their biggest role and considerable advantages in developing cultural aspects and listening skills. Furthermore, some integration is possible between listening and speaking as well as with reading and writing because watching movies works better with integration of skills. Apparently, even though vocabulary can develop with this technique, grammar is not enhanced alone without being accompanied by writing.

In recent years we have observed a clear trend for the transformation and evolution of teaching practices using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and in particular educational robotics. As modern society gives great importance to scientific and technological literacy and new technologies, the educational process must play a central role in the development of the respective skills. Thus, the training of future teachers in corresponding fields is especially important. In this paper, we present the curriculum design of a course named "S.T.E.A.M Teaching Scenarios using Educational Robotics" implemented for undergraduate pre-service teachers at the Elementary Education Department of the University of Western Macedonia in Florina, Greece. The objectives of the course include the development of critical and computational thinking, familiarity with robots, and the process of their integration in curricula focusing on interdisciplinary practices facilitated by embodied learning affordances.

This study was motivated by the need to understand the role and function of teachers’ reflection as it “is” rather than as it “ought” to be. The focus of the study was to describe teachers’ reflection within the teaching and learning environment, as well as the role of reflection in their professional development. Participants were four experienced elementary and secondary physical education teachers from urban and suburban school districts. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and journals. Case analysis and crosscase analysis were employed in analyzing the data. Findings indicated that the participants’ microreflection, the type of reflection that informs teachers’ day-to-day practices, addressed pedagogical, content, ethical, moral, and social issues. Their reflections were situationally driven and contextually bound. Macroreflection, the type of reflection that informs teachers’ practices over time, influenced changes in the teachers’ classroom practice and professional development.

The aim of this study is to design and develop an interaction model to perform the collaborative teaching process among pedagogical agents. A pedagogical agent has a role in a situation of the teaching process. However, the role is not fixed, but dynamically changed according to the learner's understanding. So, in this paper, we have analyzed the collaborative teaching process between one learner and two teachers for the subject of multiple fraction in elementary school, and extracted communication per formatives and protocols for interaction required in this process as an interaction model. Moreover, we describe an example of a collaborative teaching process by using the extracted communication per formatives and protocols.

Based on the analysis of research and publications, the content of the readiness of future teachers for pedagogical activity is determined and the ethnographic component is distinguished. Clarifies the essence and content of the concepts of «ethnographic component», «vocational training», «vocational and pedagogical training». The emphasis is placed on the meaning of the concept of «ethnographic component» in the national formation of the individual. It is emphasized on the importance of studying ethnography in the professional training of future teachers of elementary school. The quality of education is a multidimensional model of social norms and requirements for a person, an educational environment in which its development takes place, and a system of education that implements them at all stages of human learning. It will depend on the quality of the teachers professional training of future teachers and will depend on the learning process in the elementary school. It indicates the role of the teacher, his creative approach, the principledness to himself and the students who know the traditions of his people, the countries that give positive results to the education of young people. It is the teacher who becomes both a scriptwriter, a director, an artist, and a musician at the same time. It is as if by the wake of his magic wand the old customs and traditions of our people come to life. Pedagogical work itself induces creativity. Theatrical performances, educational events, folk festivals are part of the creative teachers laboratory. The teacher must be principled in relation to himself, in relation to work and to students. This is a positive principle. It contributes to the success of the teacher and becomes an integral part of the ethnographers in his further pedagogical activity.

The article reveals the key stages of the formation of professional competencies of students of specialty “Pedagogy and Methodology of Primary Education” in the reform of the educational process, justifies the understanding of the term “competence”, special attention is paid to various aspects of the definition of the concept. The characteristic features of global changes associated with the urgent need of society in intellectual, creative individuals with critical thinking skills are highlighted and described. In this regard, the main task of universities is the orientation of the educational process towards modernization, which consists in changing the role of the teacher, applying new approaches to the organization of the educational process, using modern educational technologies, contributing to the formation of students' competencies required in their future professional activities. The authors point out a number of topical issues related to the problem of forming professionally oriented communicative competence of future primary school teachers. The main content of the study is the analysis of the author's experience of enhancing the educational process in elementary school and the organization of conditions for the formation of professional competencies of future professionals required in the learning process, generalized educational technology, which is very relevant in the university. Based on the study of this problem conclusion was made that a renewed understanding and formation of professional and general cultural competencies of future specialists should consist not only of professional knowledge, but also general human values in general. The article presents the criteria of forming professional and communicative competences of students in higher education institution. According to the results of the study, the authors’ vision of intensifying the learning process and the formation of professional competencies of students, which they need in their future profession, is presented. Pedagogical conditions contributing to the effective formation of communicative competence of a future elementary school teacher are revealed.

Teachers serve as gatekeepers to the implementation of curriculum in their classroom (Thornton, 2005). Their beliefs about a topic and the wider political environment can influence what they teach. To this end, our goal was to investigate whom preservice teachers identify as heroes and why, which heroes should be included in the curriculum, and how this might influence instruction of the NCSS theme Individual Development and Identity. This study was an exploratory study using the qualitative methods of an open-ended survey and focus group. We were guided by the research question: How do preservice elementary teachers conceptualize heroes? The participants were elementary preservice teachers in their final semester prior to teacher internship. We surveyed participants to determine their perceptions of heroes. We conducted a follow up focus group with five participants. The participants conceptualized heroes as serving a pedagogical function. We learned that these preservice teachers had a balanced concept of heroes and considered heroes valuable to the school curriculum. They saw heroes as role models for students to imitate. Of interest to the study of heroes in the social studies curriculum, these preservice teachers were able to overcome the barrier of the flawed hero. Rather than shifting away from teaching heroes and focusing on heroic actions as Barton and Levstik (2004) recommend, they were able to keep the curricular gate open (Thornton, 2005) to teaching heroes by developing the concept of the gray hero.

This work brings experiences lived in an Elementary School and High School, exposing the main difficulties in learning a new language and the challenges that English language teachers need to face in the exercise of the function, under the resident's gaze.

AbstractThis study aims to determine the role of the performance of Islamic Education supervisors in improving the pedagogical competence of Islamic Religious Education teachers in Resort I State Elementary School Pelawan District. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method, in which the researcher describes the research findings in a narrative and as-is. Data collection techniques used were observation, documentation, and interview techniques. To check the validity of the data, the author performs perseverance observation, triangulation, member check, audit trail. And to analyze the data the authors conduct data review and reduction, data unitization, data categorization, and data interpretation. The results showed that the role of the school supervisor's performance in improving the pedagogical competence of PAI teachers in Resort I State Elementary School Pelawan District was: 1. Carry out Teacher Subject Deliberation activities. 2. Provide positive input to PAI teachers. 3. Check the administrative completeness of the teacher. 4. Provide enlightenment on the development of the world of learning to teachers. Keywords: Supervisory; Performance; Teacher Competence. Abstrak Tujuan daripada kegiatan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran kinerja pengawas dalam upaya peningkatan kompetensi pedagogik guru Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Resort I Kecamatan Pelawan. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, yakni temuan penelitian diuraikan secara naratif dan apa adanya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik obervasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Pengecekan validitas data melalui ketekunan pengamatan, triangulasi, member check, audit trail. Penganalisisan data menggunakan penelaahan dan reduksi data, unitisasi data, kategorisasi data, dan interpretasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran kinerja pengawas sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru Pendidikan Agma Islam (PAI) di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Resort I Kecamatan Pelawan adalah: 1. Melaksanakan kegiatan Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP). 2. Memberikan masukan yang positif kepada para guru Pendidikan Agma Islam (PAI). 3. Memeriksa kelengkapan administrasi guru. 4. Memberikan pencerahan mengenai perkembangan dunia pembelajaran kepada para guru. Kata Kunci: Kinerja; Pengawas; Kompetensi Guru.

The teacher has an important role in realizing quality learning. Qualified teachers are shown with good competence. Teacher competency can be improved through teacher understanding of non-constructivism knowledge in mathematics learning. Teachers can integrate cultural values and local wisdom into mathematical concepts to shape student knowledge. Integrating cultural values and local wisdom into mathematics learning makes students learn through their cultural background experiences. This research wasa descriptive research employed 691 respondents. The instruments in this study were questionnaires, tests and interviews to reinforce quantitative results. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of <br /> teacher pedagogical knowledge, teacher ethnoconstructivism knowledge, the influence and impact of ethnoconstivism knowledge in mathematics learning. The results of this study indicate the competence of elementary school teachers in Batanghari, Muaro Jambi, and Jambi City tends to be generally not good, and teachers have applied ethno-constructivism in mathematics learning through the use of media, models, and learning strategy. Teachers still encounter many obstacles in the implementation process. And the age range of the teacher has an impact on the level of ethnoconstructivism knowledge in mathematics learning.

The problem of studying the readiness of the elementary school teacher to continuing professional self-education is one of the fundamental in pedagogy. Its significance is due to recognition of the role of pedagogical (professional) self-education in the organization of the teacher’s activities, his professional behavior, communication and raising the level of professional competence. Knowledge of the patterns and mechanisms of professional self-education of the teacher is a prerequisite for the development of both the general theoretical problems of pedagogy and the solution of its main applications. Thus, the effectiveness of self-education is associated with the definition of each teacher specific content of self-study on self-improvement of their personality on the basis of professional introspection, with the creative assimilation of new scientific information and advanced pedagogical experience and the implementation of acquired knowledge and skills in the effects of growth, development, advancement of students. The continuing self-education of the elementary school teacher is more effective if it is related not only to narrow-diademic goals, but also proceeds from the idea of a comprehensive development of a specialist as a person. The more actively the teacher uses information for the development of his own personality, the more information becomes the means of educator’s influence of the teacher. Conversely, the desire to directly transfer information into activities, passing personal rethinking of information, restricts its use in working with students. Consequently, the objective function of continuing self-education of a teacher is the comprehensive development of his personality in order to ensure the high quality of teaching and upbringing of students. The teacher of elementary school, who constantly and systematically engages in self-education, also provides the most effective influence on the formation of the need for students to independently gain knowledge, to develop their respective skills and abilities. As you know, a personal example of a teacher at all times was considered the most important means of education.

The article deals with the problem of the formation of the worldview culture of the carriers of Good, Beauty and Truth, namely primary school teachers. According to the author, the elementary school teacher is the first professional person, who has an opportunity to provide the younger generation with the knowledge about the contemporary picture of the world, shaping their readiness for changes and effective solution of different life situations. The problem of forming the worldview culture of future educators has been the subject of researches conducted by a number of scholars in different scientific fields. Most educators defined this term as the content of the views and beliefs of an individual, his or her social attitudes and moral principles of behavior. In the article the role of innovative psychological-pedagogical and spiritual-therapeutic educational practice – aesthetotherapy, which allows opening a person’s interests and aspirations to ideals in their worldview value – has been actualized. The author covers the experience of aesthetotherapeutic preparation of future elementary school teachers in the context of forming a worldview culture. Such professional education is carried out in the form of working out a number of professionally-oriented games and exercises, in particular: art-technique (“Self-portrait”), phototherapeutic exercise (“Way of life” and “Working with polarities”), “Creating a fairy tale” technique, methods of derephlexia, etc.

Организация профессиональной подготовки студентов в вузе ориентирована на социальные запросы общества и обусловлена теми требованиями, которые предъявляются к учителю начальных классов. В рамках профессиональной подготовки акцент делается на ее методическую составляющую, в основе которой – вовлечение будущего учителя в процесс построения собственного образования, осознанное отношение к овладению профессией. Целью исследования является рассмотрение такого способа вовлечения будущих учителей начальных классов в процесс собственной методической подготовки, как совместное проектирование урока. В качестве материалов изучения были использованы работы, посвященные рассмотрению вопросов организации профессиональной подготовки будущих учителей и их дальнейшей профессиональной деятельности. На базе Алтайского государственного педагогического университета был проведен опрос студентов «Моя методическая подготовка», который позволил определить понимание будущими учителями начальных классов собственной подготовки и своей роли в ней. Результаты анализа проведенного опроса показали, что наибольшую значимость студенты придают разработке уроков, при этом для них важно быть включенными в эту деятельность, а не просто получить методическую информацию. На основе полученных данных, а также с учетом специфики организации совместной деятельности в процессе методической подготовки будущих учителей начальных классов были разработаны и реализованы различные варианты совместного проектирования уроков в рамках дисциплины «Методика обучения русскому языку и литературному чтению»: совместное проектирование с преподавателем, совместное проектирование в парах и совместное проектирование в группах. Подробно рассмотрен вариант совместного проектирования в парах на примере организации деятельностной игры «Совместное проектирование: разработчик и эксперт». Участники игры в течение нескольких недель взаимодействовали друг с другом, создавая, анализируя и корректируя конспект урока. Совместное проектирование уроков позволяет вовлечь будущих учителей в процесс собственной методической подготовки, сделав его более осознанным, рефлексивным и методически открытым. The organization of professional training of students at the university is focused on the social needs of society and is conditioned by the requirements that are imposed on the primary school teacher. Within the framework of professional training, the emphasis is on its methodological component, which is based on the involvement of the future teacher in the process of building their own education, a conscious attitude towards mastering the profession. The goal is to consider such a way of involving future primary school teachers in the process of their own methodological preparation, as a joint lesson design. As materials for the study, we used works devoted to the consideration of the organization of professional training of future teachers and their further professional activities. On the basis of the Altai State Pedagogical University, a survey of students “My methodical training” was conducted, which made it possible to determine the understanding of future primary school teachers of their own training and their role in it. The results of the analysis of the survey showed that students attach the greatest importance to the development of lessons, while it is important for them to be involved in this activity, and not just to receive methodological information. Based on the data obtained, as well as taking into account the specifics of the organization of joint activities in the process of methodological training of future primary school teachers, various options for joint design of lessons were developed and implemented within the discipline “Methods of teaching the Russian language and literary reading”: joint design with a teacher, joint design in pairs and collaborative design in groups. This article discusses in detail the option of joint design in pairs – on the example of organizing the activity game “Joint design: developer and expert”. The participants of the game interacted with each other for several weeks, creating, analyzing and correcting the outline of the lesson. Collaborative design of lessons allows future teachers to be involved in the process of their own methodological preparation, making it more conscious, reflective and methodically open.

Teaching mathematics as a concept formation process requires rethinking the teacher's role, the conditions for organizing pedagogical work, the way of thinking, feeling and acting in education, the characteristics and interests of students. It needs the entire school community's involvement, presenting the content in a contextualized way, through a problematic situation, compatible with a real situation, which has elements that give meaning and construction to the mathematical content. This work sought to broaden the understanding of contextualization in the teaching of mathematics since working with content that is not related to the context in which the student is inserted is not attractive. To this end, a survey was conducted based on a semi-structured interview with the teachers and students of that school, in addition to observations and pedagogical practice. According to the results, the teachers' conceptions are identified and perceived, showing that the methodologies used by them in a contextualized way provide meaningful learning, since teaching is an active, evolving process about contextualization and its contribution to the learning of the students of this school, the research also shows how the contextualized teaching of mathematics is evaluated and the importance of bringing innovative, motivating and meaningful situations to classrooms. Therefore, it is understood that Contextualized Education in the teaching of mathematics enables the construction of the student's knowledge according to his reality, mainly due to the applicability of Mathematics, stimulates creativity, investigation, critical analysis of results and contributes significantly to the teaching-learning process.

The concept of inclusive education puts all educational institutions in front of new tasks in which the role of teachers and other important educator’s changes in line with the demands of education policies. Attitudes determine people's behavior and they are formed on the basis of different factors. In the context of inclusive education, the positive attitudes of teachers and other educators towards implementation and providing inclusive education is a key prerequisite for a successful inclusion process at the level of school practice. The aim of this paper is to present teachers' attitudes towards the inclusion process in elementary schools. The results of this research have highlighted the importance and role of teachers at the level of teaching in the inclusion process. The results also represent some other important areas in which teachers can contribute to raise the quality of the inclusion process in all its dimensions. Within the educational system and the pedagogical sense of meaning, reducing the differences in everyday practice means accepting differences among students as an incent in the process of teaching and learning, and not as an obstacle.

This study investigated the perspectives of elementary special education teachers regarding integrating technology into lessons. Eight special education teachers at a private university laboratory school, who varied in their levels of teaching experience and confidence with using technology, participated in the study. We interviewed each teacher three times, with two of the interviews following our observations of technology-integrated lessons. Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts provided insight into the interrelationships among teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge, teaching experience, confidence with using technology, beliefs about the role of technology in education, and perceptions of the benefits and challenges associated with using it. Teachers’ perceptions of the value of technology in special education classrooms included providing differentiation, offering varied representations of content, enhancing motivation and engagement, facilitating formative assessment, and fostering life skills. Challenges of integrating technology included technology malfunctions and lack of teacher and student technological knowledge.

Many pre-service and in-service elementary teachers indicate that they have limited content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and experience regarding the integrated teaching of mathematics and science. Such limitation puts them in an uncertain and vulnerable situation in terms of planning and instruction. This qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative study examines the experiences of 28 pre-service and in-service teachers as they plan and teach during a six-week summer course on integration of mathematics and science instruction for 4th and 5th grades. The research question is: how may a six-week summer course focusing on planning and teaching mathematics and science using an integrated approach enhance teachers’ knowledge, experience, and confidence in teaching? Data include participating teachers’ reflections on assigned readings, meeting discussions, collaborative planning and teaching, their final papers, and the instructor’s field notes. The findings suggest that the exchange of ideas and information along with the instructor’s ongoing support provides the teachers with opportunities to become more knowledgeable and confident in integrating mathematics and science. The study also suggests that ongoing professional development and school district administrative support are essential components for sustaining teachers’ professional development related to teaching mathematics and science from an integrated perspective.

The teacher component has a very important role especially at the elementary school level and is the main key to the success of improving the quality of education, especially in the learning process in the classroom. For this reason, the ability of teachers needs to be improved and developed through various efforts, including through education, training and professional development such as KKG. With this, researchers are interested in researching about the KKG PAI Elementary School Activities as a forum for improving the teaching profession in the IB-1 district of Palembang. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a phenomenological, sociological, and scientific approach. The data source of this study consisted of primary and secondary sources. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews,participatory observation, documentation, and reference tracing. Qualitative data analysis / processing techniques use 3 stages: 1) data reduction, 2) data display, and 3) data verification. The research findings are, First, the implementation of the KKG PAI SD activities in the IB-1 Kec district of Palembang, carried out in 2 (two) forms, namely routine meetings held at least once a month and incidental meetings held in accordance with the planned time period. The Second Effects of the KKG PAI Elementary School Activity in Kec IB-1 Palembang has an impact on increasing the pedagogical competence of PAI SD teachers in improving the quality of the learning process in the classroom. Third, member contributions are divided into three parts, namely contributions in the form of material, energy and ideas. The four factors supporting the implementation of KKG PAI elementary school activities in Kec IB-1 Palembang, among others: (a) educational factors, (b) age factors, (c) motivational factors. Factors inhibiting the implementation of the KKG PAI SD activities in Kec IB-1 Palembang, include: (a) lack of enthusiasm from the teachers, (b) not getting permission, (c) funding factors, (d) IT mastery factors that have not been maximally and evenly distributed.

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as ações voltadas ao uso pedagógico das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação (TDIC) realizadas nos subprojetos de Matemática do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, envolveu a participação de coordenadores de área atuantes em 13 universidades federais, que apresentaram propostas de ações relativas ao uso das TDIC em seus subprojetos de Matemática. Primeiramente, foi realizado o estudo documental dos subprojetos das universidades participantes e, em seguida, a coleta de dados centrou-se nas entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas com os 15 coordenadores de área que atuam na orientação e supervisão dos licenciandos-bolsistas do PIBID. O referencial teórico que norteou a análise acerca da formação de professores baseou-se nos princípios de Freire, Imbernón e Nóvoa e, em relação às tecnologias digitais na educação, centrou-se nas ideias abordadas por Valente e Almeida, dentre outros pesquisadores atentos ao conhecimento profissional docente, na perspectiva de Mishra e Koehler sobre o TPACK. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos coordenadores de área não teve formação apropriada para o uso pedagógico das tecnologias digitais, embora todos reconheçam a sua importância. Evidenciaram-se dificuldades na utilização das TDIC nas escolas. Os coordenadores de área reconhecem a importância, para a formação inicial do professor, da vivência mais ampla e sistemática do futuro professor na realidade da escola básica pública, propiciada pelo PIBID. Em síntese, esta investigação permitiu compreender que a estrutura do PIBID, que aproxima a universidade da escola básica e o compartilhamento de saberes teóricos e práticos propiciam aos diferentes atores envolvidos interagir e aprender colaborativamente um com o outro. Essa interação e o comprometimento de todos garantem a eficiência das propostas do PIBID para que a Educação no nosso país possa (re)colocar o ensino atual no século XXI.Palavras-chave: Formação de Professores. Educação Básica. Licenciatura em Matemática. Tecnologias Digitais. TPACK.AbstractThis paper aims to identify and analyze the actions directed to the pedagogical use of information and communication digital technologies (TDIC, in Portuguese) performed in the Mathematics subprojects of the Scholarship Institutional Program for Initiation to teaching (PIBID, in Portuguese). The research of a qualitative approach, involved the participation of area coordinators active in thirteen federal universities, which presented proposals for actions relating to the use of TDIC in its Mathematics subprojects. First, the documental study was conducted of the subprojects of participating universities and, then, the data collection focused on semi-structured interviews carried out with the fifteen area coordinators who work in the guidance and supervision of PIBID teaching degree-scholarship student. The theoretical framework that guided the analysis about the teachers’ training was based on the principles of Freire, Imbernón and Nóvoa and in relation to digital technologies in education used the ideas discussed by Valente, Almeida, among other researchers who focus teacher’s professional knowledge, under Mishra and Koehler’s perspective on TPACK. The results showed that the majority of area coordinators did not have appropriate training for the pedagogical use of digital technologies, although all of them recognize their importance considering that students licensees and basic school students are digital natives. Some difficulties were highlighted related to the use of TDIC in schools, such as the lack of infrastructure and technical support, as well as the teacher’s time management and the need of their training. The area coordinators acknowledge the importance of PIBID for the teachers’ initial training, because the broader experience and more systematic of the future teacher in the reality of public basic school can facilitate the learning of teaching practice. In summary, this research allowed to understand that the PIBID’s structure, which brings the university closer to the elementary school and the sharing of theoretical and practical knowledge, allows the different involved actors to interact and learn collaboratively with one another. This interaction and the commitment of all ensure the efficiency of the PIBID’s proposals so that Education in our country can (re)place current teaching in the 21st century.Keywords: Teacher training. Elementary Education. Mathematics Teaching Licensure. Digital Technology. TPACK.

This article is dedicated to the discourse practice of legitimation of values in pedagogical discourse, which is regarded as a translator of value attitudes relevant to the existing ideological formation, which implicitly forms the value worldview of each new member of linguocultural community. The goal consists in determination and description the specific characteristics of implementation of one of the four discourse strategies the practice of legitimation, highlighted by the representative of the British School of Critical Discourse Analysis T. Van Leeuwen – strategy of reference to authority. This strategy is implemented through six substrategies: reference to personal authority, reference to impersonal authority, reference to expert authority, reference to role model authority, reference to authority of tradition, and reference to authority of conformity. The research material includes the corpus of texts representing the Japanese pedagogical discourse: the textbook “Our Morality" and commentary on work program for the teachers of elementary and middle school. The novelty of this study consists in the description of discourse practice of legitimation of values implemented within the framework of pedagogical discourse. It was established that the strategy of reference to authority is implemented in the Japanese pedagogical discourse in full force; however, in interpretation of Japanese linguoculture, this strategy features the set of preferred and non-preferred substrategies.  

O objetivo central deste artigo é apresentar e discutir as experiências formativas e seus resultados gerais, vivenciados a partir das ações planejadas e executadas no subprojeto PIBID/UFJF/Matemática Presencial, que faz parte do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) do Ministério da Educação, e é desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Estas ações foram realizadas por alunos de licenciatura, supervisores e coordenador do subprojeto, junto a turmas de Ensino Fundamental e de Ensino Médio de três escolas públicas da cidade mineira de Juiz de Fora. Através de três linhas básicas de ações, o PIBID/UFJF/Matemática Presencial impactou de modo inovador e decisivo na formação pedagógica de futuros professores de Matemática e na formação continuada de professores supervisores, coordenadores e voluntários do subprojeto vinculados às escolas parceiras do projeto, além de levar a estas escolas proposições que influenciaram positivamente a sua relação com os coletivos escolares e a convivência dentro de sala de aula.
 
 Palavras-chave: Formação Docente. Práticas Pedagógicas em Matemática. PIBID.
 
 Abstract
 The main objective of this article is to present and discuss the formative experiences and their general results, lived from the actions planned and executed in the PIBID/UFJF/Mathematics Presential subproject, which is part of the Institutional Program for Scholarships for Initiation in Teaching (PIBID/CAPES) of the Ministry of Education (Brazil), and is developed at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). These actions were carried out by undergraduate students, supervisors and coordinator of the subproject, together with classes of Elementary and High School of three public schools in the city of Juiz de Fora. Through three basic lines of action, PIBID/UFJF/Mathematics Presential has had an innovative and decisive impact on the pedagogical training of future Mathematics teachers and on the ongoing training of supervising teachers, coordinators and volunteers of the subproject linked to the partner schools of the project, in addition to leading to these schools propositions that positively influenced their relation with the school collectives and the coexistence within the classroom.
 
 Keywords: Teacher Training. Pedagogical Practices in Mathematics. PIBID.

Abstract
 Teachers become the most important determinants of school-based classes that play a role in improving student learning outcomes because they interact directly with students while in school. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effect of teacher pedagogical competence, discovery learning models, and learning styles on student learning independence, (2) to determine the effect of teacher pedogogical competence on student learning independence, (3) to determine the effect of discovery learning models on student learning independence, and (4) to determine the effect of learning styles on student learning independence. This research also includes correlational research. The study population was all High Class students from elementary schools in Guslah II, Lekok District, Pasuruan Regency, in the odd semester, 2019/2020 school year, totaling 256 students. While the sample is 25% of the population (64 students). Data collection methods by questionnaire and observation. The results showed: (1) simultaneous teacher pedogogical competence, discovery learning models, and learning styles affect the independence of student learning. (2) the pedogogical competence of teachers influences the learning independence of students (3) the discovery learning model influences the learning independence of students, and (4) learning styles affect the independence of student learning

STRENGTHENING TEACHER PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCIES THROUGH THE USE OF DYNAMIC GEOMETRY SOFTWARE IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING. The selection of strategies, methods, models, and media of appropriate mathematics learning is a form of implementation of a teacher's pedagogical competence. In the 2013 curriculum, the teacher not only sets a scientific approach as a reference in implementing the learning process but also demands innovation to accommodate the right media as well. The role of instructional media, especially dynamic media, is very important in learning mathematics in both elementary and junior high schools. The media was used to explain abstract mathematical problems to be concrete, motivate students, stimulate student learning activities, and help the effectiveness of the learning process. Technological devices such as computers are one of the tools that can be used as dynamic mathematics learning media. Mathematical learning collaboration with ICT devices has been widely carried out in urban and rural areas in Indonesia. Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) in the form of GeoGebra is a learning medium specifically developed to facilitate the learning of geometry, algebra, and calculus. Therefore, this community service activity (PkM) is intended to strengthen the teacher's pedagogical competence through the use of dynamic learning media using Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) in the form of GeoGebra in mathematics learning in junior high schools. This PkM aims to train teachers to be able to operate or create mathematics learning media assisted by DGS, especially in learning geometry to students. By making their own, teachers can add insight and increase creativity in making learning media. The supported subjects in these community service activities were junior high school mathematics teachers in Ruteng City. As for the results obtained after the PKM activities, the teachers can operate and create mathematics learning media using DGS in the form of GeoGebra.

This research was carried out with the aim to find out the competence of Islamic elementary education teachers in the District of Batang Angkola. Based on Minister of Religion Regulation No. 16 of 2010, wherein it is explained that there are five teacher competencies, namely pedagogical competence, personal competence, social competence, and professional competence and leadership competency because this research is specifically for PAI teachers, so it is added with religious competence. The purpose of this study provides an overview of the competence of PAI teachers.The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, the research used to find out or describe the reality of the events under study or research conducted on independent variables without making comparisons with other variables. Data collection techniques carried out in the form of observation, interviews with all informants who have been determined purposively and document study. Data analysis technique is done by data reduction, presentation and conclusion drawing.Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Competency Profile of PAI Teachers in Public Elementary Schools in Batang Angkola Subdistrict are as follows: (1) Pedagogical competencies are categorized as good, except for indicators of understanding towards learners and the implementation of educative and dialogical learning; (2) Personality competencies are categorized as good, except for the indicators of presenting themselves as individuals who are steady, stable, mature, and become role models; (3) Social competence is categorized as good, with the exception of indicators of ability to communicate, especially with cues and adaptation in places throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia which have social and cultural diversity; (4) Professional competence is categorized quite well, where PAI teachers can master the subject matter and have the ability to deliver material widely; (5) Leadership competencies are categorized as good; (6) Religious competence can be categorized as good.Because there are still a number of indicators that are still low or not good in each competency, the recommendations of this study are (1) For the Department of Education in the South Tapanuli Regency to make policies that are in line with the ability of special teachers in the Batang Angkola District area; (2) School principals are expected to improve the quality of PAI teachers; (3) For PAI teachers further enhance their teaching. Keywords: Pedagogic Competence, Personality competence, Social Competence, Professional competence, Leadership competence and Religious competence.

<p>Teachers have a very significant role in improving the quality of education, notably at the level of basic education that equips students with the ability to provide basic knowledge and skills. Teacher working group of Hinduism which is as a spot for teachers of Hinduism at the elementary school level in professional teacher training and helping to solve problems faced in carrying out the learning process needs to get the attention of various parties. Therefore, this paper attempted to examine the teacher's competency in relation to the teacher working group with the title of “Improving the Quality of Competency of Hindu Religion Teachers through Teacher Working Group in Denpasar City”. This paper used the qualitative research method, the location of the research was in the Hindu teacher working group spot in Denpasar City, the type of data was descriptive, with primary and secondary data sources, the informant determination techniques used purposive sampling technique, data collection methods used observation, interviews, literature studies, and documentation, as well as used data analysis techniques. The results of the study showed that, first, the form of activity of the Hindu Teachers Working Group in Denpasar, namely holding workshops, conducting routine meetings, and carrying out <em>Tirtayatra</em>. Second, the constraints and efforts made in improving the competence of Hinduism teachers are human resources and infrastructure. By Karen, the struggles made were to hold workshops as an effort to promote the human resources of teachers as professionals, and efforts to rent places and infrastructure so that activities could run well. Third, the role of the teacher working group in improving the competence of Hindu religion teachers is to play a role in four Hindu religious teacher competencies, namely pedagogical competence, personality competence, social competence, and professional competence.</p>

The article reveals the role and place of emotional intelligence in the personal growth of a junior schoolboy in the context of a new Ukrainian school. The interdependence of the ability to understand their emotions and other people is indicated, manage your own emotions and success in life, profession, society. The characteristic of emotional intelligence is given, its structural components. It is noted that emotional intelligence is possible and expedient to develop already at the junior school age, determining the peculiarities of its development in this age period. The biological and pedagogical factors of development of emotional intelligence of pupils in the educational process of modern elementary school are outlined. Biological factors include the domination of the right hemisphere, the properties of temperament, the level of emotional intelligence of parents and their family income. By pedagogical: emotionality of teacher; an atmosphere of emotional comfort; emotional communication in the educational environment; partnership relations, interaction, cooperation of schoolchildren, teachers, parents; paired and group forms of work; activity, the result of which is an important result that brings joy, emotion, success; active, mobile forms of organization of educational activities that cause emotions (games, quizzes, competitions, tournaments, morning meetings, trainings, quests); emotional content of the material being studied; Visibility, which excite the feeling, causes vivid images; multimedia; a complex of exercises, tasks for the development of emotions. It is determined that the idea of development of emotional intelligence was reflected in the concept of a new Ukrainian school, in the formulation of tasks, key components, identified key competencies, organization of educational process, selection of forms and methods of training.

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a necessidade de apropriação de conhecimentos matemáticos para organização do ensino, por um grupo de professoras dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Trata-se de um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado que investigou a relação conteúdo e forma na atividade de ensino em um processo de formação contínua. Os princípios teórico-metodológicos da teoria histórico-cultural, com enfoque na teoria da atividade e no método em Vygotski, fundamentam esta pesquisa, desenvolvida com a participação de professoras e coordenadoras do 1º ao 5º ano de uma escola em tempo integral da rede municipal de ensino de Campo Grande/MS. Durante o processo de formação contínua foram propiciados momentos de discussão de questões relacionadas com os conhecimentos matemáticos em si, análise de práticas pedagógicas, planejamento coletivo de atividades de ensino a serem desenvolvidas, além de momentos de socialização de experiências. Os dados analisados, a partir de situações vivenciadas ao longo do processo de formação, revelam a relação das professoras com a matemática e com o modo de organização de seu ensino, destacando a necessidade de discussão e de reflexão sobre os conteúdos matemáticos ensinados, de modo a possibilitar aos professores a apropriação de conceitos científicos, contribuindo, desse modo, para o desenvolvimento de seu pensamento teórico, o que possibilitará uma nova qualidade à atividade de ensino desenvolvida. Palavras-chave: Conhecimentos Matemáticos. Formação Contínua. Teoria da Atividade.Abstract This paper exposes reflections on the need for mathematical knowledge appropriation for the teaching organization, made by a group of teachers of Elementary School initial years. It is a fragment of a doctoral research that looked into the relation of form and content in the teaching activity of a continuing education process. The theoretical-methodological principles of the Cultural-historical activity theory - CHAT, focusing on the activity theory founded by Vigotski, justify this research. It was developed with the participation of teachers and coordinators from the first to fifth grade of a full-time city school in Campo Grande/MS. During the continuing education process there were moments to discuss questions related to the mathematical knowledge itself, pedagogical practices analysis, collaborative planning of teaching activities to be developed, besides moments to socialize experiences. The analyzed data, obtained from situations experienced during the education process, reveal the teachers connexion with math and their teaching organization method, highlighting the need for discussing and reflecting on the mathematical contents taught. Thus, it enables the appropriation of scientific concepts by teachers, contributing to their theoretical thinking development, and also providing a new quality to the developed teaching activity.Keywords: Mathematical Knowledge. Continuing Education. Activity Theory

Background School cafeterias can promote poor eating habits, as these retail outlets have a variety of foods considered to be nonnutritive and unhealthy. However, despite the need for effective preventive strategies, there is still disagreement on the best approach due to the lack of evidence on interventions to prevent and treat obesity in the school settings. Objective We aim to verify the efficacy of an educational intervention program to improve the hygienic conditions and the composition of the menu offered in school cafeterias in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods We will conduct a randomized, parallel, two-arm, community-based controlled study. Elementary and high schools, both public and private, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, that have a cafeteria will be eligible. Schools will be recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention (n=27) or control (n=27) group. The intervention group will receive an educational intervention program based on the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health of Brazil, consisting of a 160-hour distance-learning qualification course, for 10 weeks, and using the Moodle platform and WhatsApp app. The intervention targets the owners and people in charge of the cafeterias, food handlers, principals, vice principals, teachers, pedagogical coordinators, dietitians, representatives of students' parents, and students over 16 years old. Meanwhile, the control group will receive only a printed copy of the book containing the guidelines used. The efficacy of the intervention will be determined by the hygienic conditions of the cafeteria and the composition of the menu offered, also considering the levels of processing of food sold. All outcomes will be analyzed as intention-to-treat and per-protocol. We will use covariance analysis or a generalized linear model for continuous data and ordinal logistic regression for ordinal categorical data. The level of statistical significance considered will be P<.05 for a 95% CI. Results This project was funded in early 2018. We administered the intervention program in 2019. All data have already been collected, and we are analyzing the data. The results are expected in 2021. Conclusions To our knowledge, this may be the first randomized controlled study in school cafeterias held in Brazil. The results will provide evidence for the formulation of public food and nutritional security policies and for the development of effective strategies to provide safe and healthy school meals. Trial Registration Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry RBR-9rrqhk; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9rrqhk International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/22680

Education in Oceania continues to reflect the embedded implicit and explicit colonial practices and processes from the past. This paper conceptualises a cultural approach to education and leadership appropriate and relevant to the Republic of the Marshall Islands. As elementary school leaders, we highlight Kanne Lobal, a traditional Marshallese navigation practice based on indigenous language, values and practices. We conceptualise and develop Kanne Lobal in this paper as a framework for understanding the usefulness of our indigenous knowledge in leadership and educational practices within formal education. Through bwebwenato, a method of talk story, our key learnings and reflexivities were captured. We argue that realising the value of Marshallese indigenous knowledge and practices for school leaders requires purposeful training of the ways in which our knowledge can be made useful in our professional educational responsibilities. Drawing from our Marshallese knowledge is an intentional effort to inspire, empower and express what education and leadership partnership means for Marshallese people, as articulated by Marshallese themselves. 
 
 
 
 Introduction
 As noted in the call for papers within the Waikato Journal of Education (WJE) for this special issue, bodies of knowledge and histories in Oceania have long sustained generations across geographic boundaries to ensure cultural survival. For Marshallese people, we cannot really know ourselves “until we know how we came to be where we are today” (Walsh, Heine, Bigler & Stege, 2012). Jitdam Kapeel is a popular Marshallese concept and ideal associated with inquiring into relationships within the family and community. In a similar way, the practice of relating is about connecting the present and future to the past. Education and leadership partnerships are linked and we look back to the past, our history, to make sense and feel inspired to transform practices that will benefit our people. In this paper and in light of our next generation, we reconnect with our navigation stories to inspire and empower education and leadership. Kanne lobal is part of our navigation stories, a conceptual framework centred on cultural practices, values, and concepts that embrace collective partnerships. Our link to this talanoa vā with others in the special issue is to attempt to make sense of connections given the global COVID-19 context by providing a Marshallese approach to address the physical and relational “distance” between education and leadership partnerships in Oceania. 
 
 Like the majority of developing small island nations in Oceania, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) has had its share of educational challenges through colonial legacies of the past which continues to drive education systems in the region (Heine, 2002). The historical administration and education in the RMI is one of colonisation. Successive administrations by the Spanish, German, Japanese, and now the US, has resulted in education and learning that privileges western knowledge and forms of learning. This paper foregrounds understandings of education and learning as told by the voices of elementary school leaders from the RMI. The move to re-think education and leadership from Marshallese perspectives is an act of shifting the focus of bwebwenato or conversations that centres on Marshallese language and worldviews. 
 
 The concept of jelalokjen was conceptualised as traditional education framed mainly within the community context. In the past, jelalokjen was practiced and transmitted to the younger generation for cultural continuity. During the arrival of colonial administrations into the RMI, jelalokjen was likened to the western notions of education and schooling (Kupferman, 2004). Today, the primary function of jelalokjen, as traditional and formal education, it is for “survival in a hostile [and challenging] environment” (Kupferman, 2004, p. 43).
 
 Because western approaches to learning in the RMI have not always resulted in positive outcomes for those engaged within the education system, as school leaders who value our cultural knowledge and practices, and aspire to maintain our language with the next generation, we turn to Kanne Lobal, a practice embedded in our navigation stories, collective aspirations, and leadership. The significance in the development of Kanne Lobal, as an appropriate framework for education and leadership, resulted in us coming together and working together. Not only were we able to share our leadership concerns, however, the engagement strengthened our connections with each other as school leaders, our communities, and the Public Schooling System (PSS). Prior to that, many of us were in competition for resources.
 
 Educational Leadership: IQBE and GCSL
 Leadership is a valued practice in the RMI. Before the IQBE programme started in 2018, the majority of the school leaders on the main island of Majuro had not engaged in collaborative partnerships with each other before. Our main educational purpose was to achieve accreditation from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC), an accreditation commission for schools in the United States. The WASC accreditation dictated our work and relationships and many school leaders on Majuro felt the pressure of competition against each other. We, the authors in this paper, share our collective bwebwenato, highlighting our school leadership experiences and how we gained strength from our own ancestral knowledge to empower “us”, to collaborate with each other, our teachers, communities, as well as with PSS; a collaborative partnership we had not realised in the past. The paucity of literature that captures Kajin Majol (Marshallese language) and education in general in the RMI is what we intend to fill by sharing our reflections and experiences. To move our educational practices forward we highlight Kanne Lobal, a cultural approach that focuses on our strengths, collective social responsibilities and wellbeing.
 
 For a long time, there was no formal training in place for elementary school leaders. School principals and vice principals were appointed primarily on their academic merit through having an undergraduate qualification. As part of the first cohort of fifteen school leaders, we engaged in the professional training programme, the Graduate Certificate in School Leadership (GCSL), refitted to our context after its initial development in the Solomon Islands. GCSL was coordinated by the Institute of Education (IOE) at the University of the South Pacific (USP). GCSL was seen as a relevant and appropriate training programme for school leaders in the RMI as part of an Asia Development Bank (ADB) funded programme which aimed at “Improving Quality Basic Education” (IQBE) in parts of the northern Pacific. GCSL was managed on Majuro, RMI’s main island, by the director at the time Dr Irene Taafaki, coordinator Yolanda McKay, and administrators at the University of the South Pacific’s (USP) RMI campus.
 
 Through the provision of GCSL, as school leaders we were encouraged to re-think and draw-from our own cultural repository and connect to our ancestral knowledge that have always provided strength for us. This kind of thinking and practice was encouraged by our educational leaders (Heine, 2002). We argue that a culturally-affirming and culturally-contextual framework that reflects the lived experiences of Marshallese people is much needed and enables the disruption of inherent colonial processes left behind by Western and Eastern administrations which have influenced our education system in the RMI (Heine, 2002). Kanne Lobal, an approach utilising a traditional navigation has warranted its need to provide solutions for today’s educational challenges for us in the RMI.
 Education in the Pacific
 Education in the Pacific cannot be understood without contextualising it in its history and culture. It is the same for us in the RMI (Heine, 2002; Walsh et al., 2012). The RMI is located in the Pacific Ocean and is part of Micronesia. It was named after a British captain, John Marshall in the 1700s. The atolls in the RMI were explored by the Spanish in the 16th century. Germany unsuccessfully attempted to colonize the islands in 1885. Japan took control in 1914, but after several battles during World War II, the US seized the RMI from them. In 1947, the United Nations made the island group, along with the Mariana and Caroline archipelagos, a U.S. trust territory (Walsh et al, 2012). Education in the RMI reflects the colonial administrations of Germany, Japan, and now the US. 
 
 Before the turn of the century, formal education in the Pacific reflected western values, practices, and standards. Prior to that, education was informal and not binded to formal learning institutions (Thaman, 1997) and oral traditions was used as the medium for transmitting learning about customs and practices living with parents, grandparents, great grandparents. As alluded to by Jiba B. Kabua (2004), any “discussion about education is necessarily a discussion of culture, and any policy on education is also a policy of culture” (p. 181). It is impossible to promote one without the other, and it is not logical to understand one without the other. Re-thinking how education should look like, the pedagogical strategies that are relevant in our classrooms, the ways to engage with our parents and communities - such re-thinking sits within our cultural approaches and frameworks. Our collective attempts to provide a cultural framework that is relevant and appropriate for education in our context, sits within the political endeavour to decolonize. This means that what we are providing will not only be useful, but it can be used as a tool to question and identify whether things in place restrict and prevent our culture or whether they promote and foreground cultural ideas and concepts, a significant discussion of culture linked to education (Kabua, 2004). 
 
 Donor funded development aid programmes were provided to support the challenges within education systems. Concerned with the persistent low educational outcomes of Pacific students, despite the prevalence of aid programmes in the region, in 2000 Pacific educators and leaders with support from New Zealand Aid (NZ Aid) decided to intervene (Heine, 2002; Taufe’ulungaki, 2014). In April 2001, a group of Pacific educators and leaders across the region were invited to a colloquium funded by the New Zealand Overseas Development Agency held in Suva Fiji at the University of the South Pacific. The main purpose of the colloquium was to enable “Pacific educators to re-think the values, assumptions and beliefs underlying [formal] schooling in Oceania” (Benson, 2002). 
 
 Leadership, in general, is a valued practice in the RMI (Heine, 2002). Despite education leadership being identified as a significant factor in school improvement (Sanga & Chu, 2009), the limited formal training opportunities of school principals in the region was a persistent concern. As part of an Asia Development Bank (ADB) funded project, the Improve Quality Basic Education (IQBE) intervention was developed and implemented in the RMI in 2017. Mentoring is a process associated with the continuity and sustainability of leadership knowledge and practices (Sanga & Chu, 2009). It is a key aspect of building capacity and capabilities within human resources in education (ibid).
 Indigenous knowledges and education research
 According to Hilda Heine, the relationship between education and leadership is about understanding Marshallese history and culture (cited in Walsh et al., 2012). It is about sharing indigenous knowledge and histories that “details for future generations a story of survival and resilience and the pride we possess as a people” (Heine, cited in Walsh et al., 2012, p. v). This paper is fuelled by postcolonial aspirations yet is grounded in Pacific indigenous research. This means that our intentions are driven by postcolonial pursuits and discourses linked to challenging the colonial systems and schooling in the Pacific region that privileges western knowledge and learning and marginalises the education practices and processes of local people (Thiong’o, 1986). A point of difference and orientation from postcolonialism is a desire to foreground indigenous Pacific language, specifically Majin Majol, through Marshallese concepts. Our collective bwebwenato and conversation honours and values kautiej (respect), jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity), and jouj (kindness) (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019). 
 
 Pacific leaders developed the Rethinking Pacific Education Initiative for and by Pacific People (RPEIPP) in 2002 to take control of the ways in which education research was conducted by donor funded organisations (Taufe’ulungaki, 2014). Our former president, Dr Hilda Heine was part of the group of leaders who sought to counter the ways in which our educational and leadership stories were controlled and told by non-Marshallese (Heine, 2002). As a former minister of education in the RMI, Hilda Heine continues to inspire and encourage the next generation of educators, school leaders, and researchers to re-think and de-construct the way learning and education is conceptualised for Marshallese people. The conceptualisation of Kanne Lobal acknowledges its origin, grounded in Marshallese navigation knowledge and practice. Our decision to unpack and deconstruct Kanne Lobal within the context of formal education and leadership responds to the need to not only draw from indigenous Marshallese ideas and practice but to consider that the next generation will continue to be educated using western processes and initiatives particularly from the US where we get a lot of our funding from. 
 
 According to indigenous researchers Dawn Bessarab and Bridget Ng’andu (2010), doing research that considers “culturally appropriate processes to engage with indigenous groups and individuals is particularly pertinent in today’s research environment” (p. 37). Pacific indigenous educators and researchers have turned to their own ancestral knowledge and practices for inspiration and empowerment. Within western research contexts, the often stringent ideals and processes are not always encouraging of indigenous methods and practices. However, many were able to ground and articulate their use of indigenous methods as being relevant and appropriate to capturing the realities of their communities (Nabobo-Baba, 2008; Sualii-Sauni & Fulu-Aiolupotea, 2014; Thaman, 1997). At the same time, utilising Pacific indigenous methods and approaches enabled research engagement with their communities that honoured and respected them and their communities. For example, Tongan, Samoan, and Fijian researchers used the talanoa method as a way to capture the stories, lived realities, and worldviews of their communities within education in the diaspora (Fa’avae, Jones, & Manu’atu, 2016; Nabobo-Baba, 2008; Sualii-Sauni & Aiolupotea, 2014; Vaioleti, 2005). Tok stori was used by Solomon Islander educators and school leaders to highlight the unique circles of conversational practice and storytelling that leads to more positive engagement with their community members, capturing rich and meaningful narratives as a result (Sanga & Houma, 2004). 
 
 The Indigenous Aborigine in Australia utilise yarning as a “relaxed discussion through which both the researcher and participant journey together visiting places and topics of interest relevant” (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010, p. 38). Despite the diverse forms of discussions and storytelling by indigenous peoples, of significance are the cultural protocols, ethics, and language for conducting and guiding the engagement (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010; Nabobo-Baba, 2008; Sualii-Sauni & Aiolupotea, 2014). Through the ethics, values, protocols, and language, these are what makes indigenous methods or frameworks unique compared to western methods like in-depth interviews or semi-structured interviews. This is why it is important for us as Marshallese educators to frame, ground, and articulate how our own methods and frameworks of learning could be realised in western education (Heine, 2002; Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014). In this paper, we utilise bwebwenato as an appropriate method linked to “talk story”, capturing our collective stories and experiences during GCSL and how we sought to build partnerships and collaboration with each other, our communities, and the PSS. 
 Bwebwenato and drawing from Kajin Majel
 
 Legends and stories that reflect Marshallese society and its cultural values have survived through our oral traditions. The practice of weaving also holds knowledge about our “valuable and earliest sources of knowledge” (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019, p. 2). The skilful navigation of Marshallese wayfarers on the walap (large canoes) in the ocean is testament of their leadership and the value they place on ensuring the survival and continuity of Marshallese people (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019; Walsh et al., 2012). During her graduate study in 2014, Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner conceptualised bwebwenato as being the most “well-known form of Marshallese orality” (p. 38). The Marshallese-English dictionary defined bwebwenato as talk, conversation, story, history, article, episode, lore, myth, or tale (cited in Jetnil Kijiner, 2014). Three years later in 2017, bwebwenato was utilised in a doctoral project by Natalie Nimmer as a research method to gather “talk stories” about the experiences of 10 Marshallese experts in knowledge and skills ranging from sewing to linguistics, canoe-making and business. 
 
 Our collective bwebwenato in this paper centres on Marshallese ideas and language. The philosophy of Marshallese knowledge is rooted in our “Kajin Majel”, or Marshallese language and is shared and transmitted through our oral traditions. For instance, through our historical stories and myths. Marshallese philosophy, that is, the knowledge systems inherent in our beliefs, values, customs, and practices are shared. They are inherently relational, meaning that knowledge systems and philosophies within our world are connected, in mind, body, and spirit (Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014; Nimmer, 2017). Although some Marshallese believe that our knowledge is disappearing as more and more elders pass away, it is therefore important work together, and learn from each other about the knowledges shared not only by the living but through their lamentations and stories of those who are no longer with us (Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014).
 
 As a Marshallese practice, weaving has been passed-down from generation to generation. Although the art of weaving is no longer as common as it used to be, the artefacts such as the “jaki-ed” (clothing mats) continue to embody significant Marshallese values and traditions. For our weavers, the jouj (check spelling) is the centre of the mat and it is where the weaving starts. When the jouj is correct and weaved well, the remainder and every other part of the mat will be right. The jouj is symbolic of the “heart” and if the heart is prepared well, trained well, then life or all other parts of the body will be well (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019). In that light, we have applied the same to this paper. Conceptualising and drawing from cultural practices that are close and dear to our hearts embodies a significant ontological attempt to prioritize our own knowledge and language, a sense of endearment to who we are and what we believe education to be like for us and the next generation.
 
 The application of the phrase “Majolizing '' was used by the Ministry of Education when Hilda Heine was minister, to weave cultural ideas and language into the way that teachers understand the curriculum, develop lesson plans and execute them in the classroom. Despite this, there were still concerns with the embedded colonized practices where teachers defaulted to eurocentric methods of doing things, like the strategies provided in the textbooks given to us. In some ways, our education was slow to adjust to the “Majolizing '' intention by our former minister. In this paper, we provide Kanne Lobal as a way to contribute to the “Majolizing intention” and perhaps speed up yet still be collectively responsible to all involved in education. 
 Kajin Wa and Kanne Lobal 
 
 “Wa” is the Marshallese concept for canoe. Kajin wa, as in canoe language, has a lot of symbolic meaning linked to deeply-held Marshallese values and practices. The canoe was the foundational practice that supported the livelihood of harsh atoll island living which reflects the Marshallese social world. The experts of Kajin wa often refer to “wa” as being the vessel of life, a means and source of sustaining life (Kelen, 2009, cited in Miller, 2010). “Jouj” means kindness and is the lower part of the main hull of the canoe. It is often referred to by some canoe builders in the RMI as the heart of the canoe and is linked to love. The jouj is one of the first parts of the canoe that is built and is “used to do all other measurements, and then the rest of the canoe is built on top of it” (Miller, 2010, p. 67). The significance of the jouj is that when the canoe is in the water, the jouj is the part of the hull that is underwater and ensures that all the cargo and passengers are safe. For Marshallese, jouj or kindness is what living is about and is associated with selflessly carrying the responsibility of keeping the family and community safe. 
 
 The parts of the canoe reflect Marshallese culture, legend, family, lineage, and kinship. They embody social responsibilities that guide, direct, and sustain Marshallese families’ wellbeing, from atoll to atoll. For example, the rojak (boom), rojak maan (upper boom), rojak kōrā (lower boom), and they support the edges of the ujelā/ujele (sail) (see figure 1). The literal meaning of rojak maan is male boom and rojak kōrā means female boom which together strengthens the sail and ensures the canoe propels forward in a strong yet safe way. Figuratively, the rojak maan and rojak kōrā symbolise the mother and father relationship which when strong, through the jouj (kindness and love), it can strengthen families and sustain them into the future. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Figure 1. Parts of the canoe
 
 Source: https://www.canoesmarshallislands.com/2014/09/names-of-canoe-parts/ 
 
 From a socio-cultural, communal, and leadership view, the canoe (wa) provides understanding of the relationships required to inspire and sustain Marshallese peoples’ education and learning. We draw from Kajin wa because they provide cultural ideas and practices that enable understanding of education and leadership necessary for sustaining Marshallese people and realities in Oceania. When building a canoe, the women are tasked with the weaving of the ujelā/ujele (sail) and to ensure that it is strong enough to withstand long journeys and the fierce winds and waters of the ocean. The Kanne Lobal relates to the front part of the ujelā/ujele (sail) where the rojak maan and rojak kōrā meet and connect (see the red lines in figure 1). Kanne Lobal is linked to the strategic use of the ujelā/ujele by navigators, when there is no wind north wind to propel them forward, to find ways to capture the winds so that their journey can continue. As a proverbial saying, Kanne Lobal is used to ignite thinking and inspire and transform practice particularly when the journey is rough and tough. In this paper we draw from Kanne Lobal to ignite, inspire, and transform our educational and leadership practices, a move to explore what has always been meaningful to Marshallese people when we are faced with challenges. The Kanne Lobal utilises our language, and cultural practices and values by sourcing from the concepts of jouj (kindness, love), kautiej (respect), and jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity). 
 
 A key Marshallese proverb, “Enra bwe jen lale rara”, is the cultural practice where families enact compassion through the sharing of food in all occurrences. The term “enra” is a small basket weaved from the coconut leaves, and often used by Marshallese as a plate to share and distribute food amongst each other. Bwe-jen-lale-rara is about noticing and providing for the needs of others, and “enra” the basket will help support and provide for all that are in need. “Enra-bwe-jen-lale-rara” is symbolic of cultural exchange and reciprocity and the cultural values associated with building and maintaining relationships, and constantly honouring each other. As a Marshallese practice, in this article we share our understanding and knowledge about the challenges as well as possible solutions for education concerns in our nation.
 
 In addition, we highlight another proverb, “wa kuk wa jimor”, which relates to having one canoe, and despite its capacity to feed and provide for the individual, but within the canoe all people can benefit from what it can provide. In the same way, we provide in this paper a cultural framework that will enable all educators to benefit from. It is a framework that is far-reaching and relevant to the lived realities of Marshallese people today. Kumit relates to people united to build strength, all co-operating and working together, living in peace, harmony, and good health. 
 
 Kanne Lobal: conceptual framework for education and leadership
 An education framework is a conceptual structure that can be used to capture ideas and thinking related to aspects of learning. Kanne Lobal is conceptualised and framed in this paper as an educational framework. Kanne Lobal highlights the significance of education as a collective partnership whereby leadership is an important aspect. Kanne Lobal draws-from indigenous Marshallese concepts like kautiej (respect), jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity), and jouj (kindness, heart). The role of a leader, including an education leader, is to prioritise collective learning and partnerships that benefits Marshallese people and the continuity and survival of the next generation (Heine, 2002; Thaman, 1995). 
 
 As described by Ejnar Aerōk, an expert canoe builder in the RMI, he stated: “jerbal ippān doon bwe en maron maan wa e” (cited in Miller, 2010, p. 69). His description emphasises the significance of partnerships and working together when navigating and journeying together in order to move the canoe forward. The kubaak, the outrigger of the wa (canoe) is about “partnerships”. For us as elementary school leaders on Majuro, kubaak encourages us to value collaborative partnerships with each other as well as our communities, PSS, and other stakeholders. Partnerships is an important part of the Kanne Lobal education and leadership framework. It requires ongoing bwebwenato – the inspiring as well as confronting and challenging conversations that should be mediated and negotiated if we and our education stakeholders are to journey together to ensure that the educational services we provide benefits our next generation of young people in the RMI. Navigating ahead the partnerships, mediation, and negotiation are the core values of jouj (kindness, love), kautiej (respect), and jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity).
 
 As an organic conceptual framework grounded in indigenous values, inspired through our lived experiences, Kanne Lobal provides ideas and concepts for re-thinking education and leadership practices that are conducive to learning and teaching in the schooling context in the RMI. By no means does it provide the solution to the education ills in our nation. However, we argue that Kanne Lobal is a more relevant approach which is much needed for the negatively stigmatised system as a consequence of the various colonial administrations that have and continue to shape and reframe our ideas about what education should be like for us in the RMI. Moreover, Kannel Lobal is our attempt to decolonize the framing of education and leadership, moving our bwebwenato to re-framing conversations of teaching and learning so that our cultural knowledge and values are foregrounded, appreciated, and realised within our education system.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bwebwenato: sharing our stories
 In this section, we use bwebwenato as a method of gathering and capturing our stories as data. Below we capture our stories and ongoing conversations about the richness in Marshallese cultural knowledge in the outer islands and on Majuro and the potentialities in Kanne Lobal.
 
 Danny Jim
 When I was in third grade (9-10 years of age), during my grandfather’s speech in Arno, an atoll near Majuro, during a time when a wa (canoe) was being blessed and ready to put the canoe into the ocean. My grandfather told me the canoe was a blessing for the family. “Without a canoe, a family cannot provide for them”, he said. The canoe allows for travelling between places to gather food and other sources to provide for the family. My grandfather’s stories about people’s roles within the canoe reminded me that everyone within the family has a responsibility to each other. Our women, mothers and daughters too have a significant responsibility in the journey, in fact, they hold us, care for us, and given strength to their husbands, brothers, and sons. The wise man or elder sits in the middle of the canoe, directing the young man who help to steer. The young man, he does all the work, directed by the older man. They take advice and seek the wisdom of the elder. In front of the canoe, a young boy is placed there and because of his strong and youthful vision, he is able to help the elder as well as the young man on the canoe. The story can be linked to the roles that school leaders, teachers, and students have in schooling. Without each person knowing intricately their role and responsibility, the sight and vision ahead for the collective aspirations of the school and the community is difficult to comprehend. For me, the canoe is symbolic of our educational journey within our education system. As the school leader, a central, trusted, and respected figure in the school, they provide support for teachers who are at the helm, pedagogically striving to provide for their students. For without strong direction from the school leaders and teachers at the helm, the students, like the young boy, cannot foresee their futures, or envisage how education can benefit them. This is why Kanne Lobal is a significant framework for us in the Marshall Islands because within the practice we are able to take heed and empower each other so that all benefit from the process. Kanne Lobal is linked to our culture, an essential part of who we are. We must rely on our own local approaches, rather than relying on others that are not relevant to what we know and how we live in today’s society. 
 
 One of the things I can tell is that in Majuro, compared to the outer islands, it’s different. In the outer islands, parents bring children together and tell them legends and stories. The elders tell them about the legends and stories – the bwebwenato. Children from outer islands know a lot more about Marshallese legends compared to children from the Majuro atoll. They usually stay close to their parents, observe how to prepare food and all types of Marshallese skills. 
 
 Loretta Joseph Case
 There is little Western influence in the outer islands. They grow up learning their own culture with their parents, not having tv. They are closely knit, making their own food, learning to weave. They use fire for cooking food. They are more connected because there are few of them, doing their own culture. For example, if they’re building a house, the ladies will come together and make food to take to the males that are building the house, encouraging them to keep on working - “jemjem maal” (sharpening tools i.e. axe, like encouraging workers to empower them). It’s when they bring food and entertainment.
 
 Rubon Rubon
 Togetherness, work together, sharing of food, these are important practices as a school leader. Jemjem maal – the whole village works together, men working and the women encourage them with food and entertainment. All the young children are involved in all of the cultural practices, cultural transmission is consistently part of their everyday life. These are stronger in the outer islands. Kanne Lobal has the potential to provide solutions using our own knowledge and practices. 
 
 Connie Joel
 When new teachers become a teacher, they learn more about their culture in teaching. Teaching raises the question, who are we? A popular saying amongst our people, “Aelon kein ad ej aelon in manit”, means that “Our islands are cultural islands”. Therefore, when we are teaching, and managing the school, we must do this culturally. When we live and breathe, we must do this culturally. There is more socialising with family and extended family. Respect the elderly. When they’re doing things the ladies all get together, in groups and do it. Cut the breadfruit, and preserve the breadfruit and pandanus. They come together and do it. Same as fishing, building houses, building canoes. They use and speak the language often spoken by the older people. There are words that people in the outer islands use and understand language regularly applied by the elderly. Respect elderly and leaders more i.e., chiefs (iroj), commoners (alap), and the workers on the land (ri-jerbal) (social layer under the commoners). All the kids, they gather with their families, and go and visit the chiefs and alap, and take gifts from their land, first produce/food from the plantation (eojōk).
 
 Tommy Almet
 The people are more connected to the culture in the outer islands because they help one another. They don’t have to always buy things by themselves, everyone contributes to the occasion. For instance, for birthdays, boys go fishing, others contribute and all share with everyone. Kanne Lobal is a practice that can bring people together – leaders, teachers, stakeholders. We want our colleagues to keep strong and work together to fix problems like students and teachers’ absenteeism which is a big problem for us in schools. 
 
 Demetria Malachi
 The culture in the outer islands are more accessible and exposed to children. In Majuro, there is a mixedness of cultures and knowledges, influenced by Western thinking and practices. Kanne Lobal is an idea that can enhance quality educational purposes for the RMI. We, the school leaders who did GCSL, we want to merge and use this idea because it will help benefit students’ learning and teachers’ teaching. Kanne Lobal will help students to learn and teachers to teach though traditional skills and knowledge. We want to revitalize our ways of life through teaching because it is slowly fading away. Also, we want to have our own Marshallese learning process because it is in our own language making it easier to use and understand. Essentially, we want to proudly use our own ways of teaching from our ancestors showing the appreciation and blessings given to us. 
 Way Forward
 To think of ways forward is about reflecting on the past and current learnings. Instead of a traditional discussion within a research publication, we have opted to continue our bwebwenato by sharing what we have learnt through the Graduate Certificate in School Leadership (GCSL) programme. Our bwebwenato does not end in this article and this opportunity to collaborate and partner together in this piece of writing has been a meaningful experience to conceptualise and unpack the Kanne Lobal framework. 
 Our collaborative bwebwenato has enabled us to dig deep into our own wise knowledges for guidance through mediating and negotiating the challenges in education and leadership (Sanga & Houma, 2004). For example, bwe-jen-lale-rara reminds us to inquire, pay attention, and focus on supporting the needs of others. Through enra-bwe-jen-lale-rara, it reminds us to value cultural exchange and reciprocity which will strengthen the development and maintaining of relationships based on ways we continue to honour each other (Nimmer, 2017). We not only continue to support each other, but also help mentor the next generation of school leaders within our education system (Heine, 2002). 
 
 Education and leadership are all about collaborative partnerships (Sanga & Chu, 2009; Thaman, 1997). Developing partnerships through the GCSL was useful learning for us. It encouraged us to work together, share knowledge, respect each other, and be kind. The values of jouj (kindness, love), kautiej (respect), and jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity) are meaningful in being and becoming and educational leader in the RMI (Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014; Miller, 2010; Nimmer, 2017). These values are meaningful for us practice particularly given the drive by PSS for schools to become accredited. 
 
 The workshops and meetings delivered during the GCSL in the RMI from 2018 to 2019 about Kanne Lobal has given us strength to share our stories and experiences from the meeting with the stakeholders. But before we met with the stakeholders, we were encouraged to share and speak in our language within our courses: EDP05 (Professional Development and Learning), EDP06 (School Leadership), EDP07 (School Management), EDP08 (Teaching and Learning), and EDP09 (Community Partnerships). In groups, we shared our presentations with our peers, the 15 school leaders in the GCSL programme. We also invited USP RMI staff. They liked the way we presented Kannel Lobal. They provided us with feedback, for example: how the use of the sail on the canoe, the parts and their functions can be conceptualised in education and how they are related to the way that we teach our own young people.
 
 Engaging stakeholders in the conceptualisation and design stages of Kanne Lobal strengthened our understanding of leadership and collaborative partnerships. Based on various meetings with the RMI Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL) team, PSS general assembly, teachers from the outer islands, and the PSS executive committee, we were able to share and receive feedback on the Kanne Lobal framework. The coordinators of the PREL programme in the RMI were excited by the possibilities around using Kanne Lobal, as a way to teach culture in an inspirational way to Marshallese students. Our Marshallese knowledge, particularly through the proverbial meaning of Kanne Lobal provided so much inspiration and insight for the groups during the presentation which gave us hope and confidence to develop the framework. Kanne Lobal is an organic and indigenous approach, grounded in Marshallese ways of doing things (Heine, 2002; Taafaki & Fowler, 2019). Given the persistent presence of colonial processes within the education system and the constant reference to practices and initiatives from the US, Kanne Lobal for us provides a refreshing yet fulfilling experience and makes us feel warm inside because it is something that belongs to all Marshallese people.
 
 
 Conclusion
 Marshallese indigenous knowledge and practices provide meaningful educational and leadership understanding and learnings. They ignite, inspire, and transform thinking and practice. The Kanne Lobal conceptual framework emphasises key concepts and values necessary for collaborative partnerships within education and leadership practices in the RMI. The bwebwenato or talk stories have been insightful and have highlighted the strengths and benefits that our Marshallese ideas and practices possess when looking for appropriate and relevant ways to understand education and leadership.
 
 Acknowledgements
 We want to acknowledge our GCSL cohort of school leaders who have supported us in the development of Kanne Lobal as a conceptual framework. A huge kommol tata to our friends: Joana, Rosana, Loretta, Jellan, Alvin, Ellice, Rolando, Stephen, and Alan.
 
 
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Esta investigación se constituye en un aporte de carácter pedagógico metodológico y académico al área de Lengua Castellana y Literatura, en el sentido que se asume el estudio, el aprendizaje y la enseñanza de la lengua como un proceso dinámico, pensado y construido tanto por el docente como por los estudiantes. Esta investigación busca fortalecer los procesos de lectura, a partir de la literatura infantil en los niños de preescolar (primer grado) de básica primaria en los de centros de práctica pedagógica investigativa. El proyecto tiene una orientación de corte significativo y semiótico donde el acto de leer es asumido como un proceso de interacción entre un sujeto portador de saberes culturales, intereses, deseos, gustos, etc. y un texto como soporte portador de un significado desde una perspectiva cultural política, ideológica y estética particularque postula un modelo de lector. Para analizar dichos procesos se tomaron como base los criterios consignados en los Lineamientos de Lengua Castellana y los postulados hechos por Teu Van Dijk y María Cristina Martínez.ABSTRACT: This research constitutes a methodological contribution pedagogical and academic the area of Spanish Language and Literature, in the sense that it is assumed the study, learning and teaching of language as a dynamic process, designed and built both by the teachers as students. This research seeks to strengthen the processes of reading, from children's literature in preschool children (first grade) elementary school teachers in the teaching practice of research centers. The project has a significant cut orientation and semiotic where the act of reading is taken as a process of interaction between a carrier subject of cultural knowledge, interests, desires, tastes, etc.. and text as a support carrying a meaning from a cultural perspective of politics, ideology and particular aesthetic that posits a model of reader. To analyze these processes were taken on the criteria set forth in the Guidelines of Spanish Language and the assumptions made by Teu Van Dijk and Maria Cristina Martinez.

INTRODUÇÃO: A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida à luz das experiências docentes no atendimento educacional a estudantes matriculados/as na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) que foram imersos no Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) em decorrência da COVID-19. OBJETIVO: Apresentar os desafios que emergem do processo de ensino e de aprendizado na ação pedagógica de professores de Educação Física que trabalham no ERE com turmas da EJA. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo, 3 professores de Educação Física, do município de Vigia de Nazaré no Estado do Pará - Brasil que lecionam nos anos finais do ensino fundamental e do ensino médio em duas escolas públicas estaduais que atendem a modalidade EJA. De cunho qualitativo, a pesquisa usou como instrumento de coleta uma entrevista semiestruturada. A análise de conteúdo subsidiou o tratamento dos dados das entrevistas. RESULTADOS: Através dos relatos obtidos foi possível deparar com as grandes dificuldades dos professores de Educação Física em relação ao ensino por meio do ERE e a dura realidade excludente do mesmo em relação aos/às alunos/as da EJA. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se, que o presente estudo poderá provocar novas discussões sobre o Ensino Remoto Emergencial e seu papel excludente na área da Educação, em especial no âmbito da Educação Física Escolar e a EJA.ABSTRACT. School physical education and youth and adult education: Challenges of teaching in remote education.BACKGROUND: This research was developed in the light of the teaching experiences in the educational care of students enrolled in Youth and Adult Education (EJA) who were immersed in Emergency Remote Education (ERE) due to the COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To present the challenges that emerge from the teaching and learning process in the pedagogical action of Physical Education teachers who work in the ERE with EJA classes. METHODS: The study included 3 physical education teachers from the municipality of Vigia de Nazaré in the State of Pará - Brazil who teach in the final years of elementary school and high school in two state public schools that have the modality EJA. Of qualitative nature, the research used as a collection instrument a semi-structured interview. The content analysis supported the treatment of the data from the interviews. RESULTS: Through the reports obtained it was possible to face the great difficulties of physical education teachers in relation to teaching through ERE and the harsh excluding reality of the same in relation to the students of the EJA. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that this study may provoke new discussions on Emergency Remote Education and its excluding role in the area of Education, especially in the field of School Physical Education and the EJA.

The article deals with one of the aspects of development of the Tatar book of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, associated with the reform of the national school. The relevance of the topic is driven by the increased interest in recent years to the creation of educational literature and formation of new educational methods. The use of methodical and educational publications as an object of research is one of the directions in the national historical science.In the education system of the Tatars in the second half of the 19th century in the process of transition from the classical, purely religious approach in education to the new method, which included teaching the basics of the secular sciences, there were developed new programs and teaching aids, which were composed by teachers — practical trainers. Educators and experts actively discussed that literature at the meetings of pedagogical congresses and in the Tatar periodicals. Special commissions responsible for the preparation of such educational books were organized in Kazan, Omsk, Ufa and Buguruslan. The purpose of the present study is to identify and analyse such manuals. There were analysed the manuals compiled by the leading educators I. Gasprinsky, F. Karimi, M. Kurbangaliyev, F. Saifi, G. Yausheva, etc. The article considers the materials on the organization of new-method school, presents the programs for elementary school with the list of the subjects studied there and gives comparison of educational programs of the new-method school with the old-method one. The author uses historical-bibliological, functional and analytical-thematic methods of book analysis. The article presents the collected data from the documents of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, early printed books from the holdings of the Scientific Library of the Kazan Federal University, the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as the modern research works on this topic. Basing on the analysis, the author determines the role of educational literature and curricula in the development of national education of the Tatars. The presented material allows to supplement the repertoire of the Tatar pre-revolutionary book, what is the practical significance of the article.

Three forms of mathematics education at school level are distinguished: direct expository teaching with an emphasis on procedures, with the expectation that learners will at some later stage make logical and functional sense of what they have learnt and practised (the prevalent form), mathematically rigorous teaching in terms of fundamental mathematical concepts, as in the so-called “modern mathematics” programmes of the sixties, teaching and learning in the context of engaging with meaningful problems and focused both on learning to become good problem solvers (teaching for problem solving) andutilising problems as vehicles for the development of mathematical knowledge andproficiency by learners (problem-centred learning), in conjunction with substantialteacher-led social interaction and mathematical discourse in classrooms.Direct expository teaching of mathematical procedures dominated in school systems after World War II, and was augmented by the “modern mathematics” movement in the period 1960-1970. The latter was experienced as a major failure, and was soon abandoned. Persistent poor outcomes of direct expository procedural teaching of mathematics for the majority of learners, as are still being experienced in South Africa, triggered a world-wide movement promoting teaching mathematics for and via problem solving in the seventies and eighties of the previous century. This movement took the form of a variety of curriculum experiments in which problem solving was the dominant classroom activity, mainly in the USA, Netherlands, France and South Africa. While initially focusing on basic arithmetic (computation with whole numbers) and elementary calculus, the problem-solving movement started to address other mathematical topics (for example, elementary statistics, algebra, differential equations) around the turn of the century. The movement also spread rapidly to other countries, including Japan, Singapore and Australia. Parallel with the problem-solving movement, over the last twenty years, mathematics educators around the world started increasingly to appreciate the role of social interaction and mathematical discourse in classrooms, and to take into consideration the infl uence of the social, socio-mathematical and mathematical norms established in classrooms. This shift away from an emphasis on individualised instruction towards classroom practices characterised by rich and focused social interaction orchestrated by the teacher, became the second element, next to problem-solving, of what is now known as the “reform agenda”. Learning and teaching by means of problem-solving in a socially-interactive classroom, with a strong demand for conceptual understanding, is radically different from traditional expository teaching. However, contrary to commonly-held misunderstandings, it requires substantial teacher involvement. It also requires teachers to assume a much higher level of responsibility for the extent and quality of learning than that which teachers tended to assume traditionally. Over the last 10 years, teaching for and via problem solving has become entrenched in the national mathematics curriculum statements of many countries, and programs have been launched to induce and support teachers to implement it. Actual implementation of the “reform agenda” in classrooms is, however, still limited. The limited implementation is ascribed to a number of factors, including the failure of assessment practices to accommodate problem solving and higher levels of understanding that may be facilitated by teaching via problem solving, lack of clarity about what teaching for and via problem solving may actually mean in practice, and limited mathematical expertise of teachers. Some leading mathematics educators (for example, Schoenfeld, Stigler and Hiebert) believe that the reform agenda specifi es classroom practices that are fundamentally foreign to culturally embedded pedagogical traditions, and hence that adoption of the reform agenda will of necessity be slow and will require more substantial professional development and support programs than those currently provided to teachers in most countries.Notwithstanding the challenges posed by implementation, the movement towards infusing mathematics education with a pronounced emphasis on problem solving both as an outcome and as a vehicle for learning seems to be unabated. Substantial work on the development of more effective means for professional development and support of teachers is currently being done.

ResumoCompreende-se que, para que o ensino da estatística e da probabilidade cumpra sua função de instrumento modificador, a formação continuada assume um papel essencial, sobretudo quando são propostos espaços formativos que superem a lógica da racionalidade técnica. Nesse direcionamento, o presente artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na perspectiva (auto)biográfica, que tem por objetivo analisar narrativas (auto)biográficas de professores que ensinam probabilidade e estatística na educação básica, tomando como suporte o software IRAMUTEQ. As narrativas que compõem o corpus de análise foram produzidas durante o primeiro módulo de um curso de formação continuada no formato EaD, gratuito, que focaliza diferentes práticas pedagógicas para o ensino da estatística. Participaram dez docentes que ensinam estatística nos anos finais do ensino fundamental e no ensino médio. Como estratégia de análise tomaram-se como base estatísticas textuais clássicas, a nuvem de palavras e a análise de similitude. As análises lexicográficas do corpus textual das narrativas evidenciaram possíveis categorias que emergiram diretamente dos dados, das quais se elegeram “Formação”, “Atuação profissional” e “Anseios e expectativas” como eixos de análise. Os resultados deste estudo possibilitam enfatizar que as narrativas, quando utilizadas em processos de formação continuada de professores que ensinam probabilidade e estatística, podem auxiliar o docente na (re)construção da identidade do educador estatístico. Além disso, permitiram refletir sobre a importância da confrontação do conhecimento estatístico com os contextos sociais, para diferenciar as práticas educativas em matemática e estatística.
 Palavras-chave: IRAMUTEQ. Formação Professores. Atuação Profissional. Narrativas. Pesquisas (Auto)Biográficas.
 AbstractIt is believed that, for the teaching of statistics and probability to fulfill its role as a modifying instrument, continuing education plays an essential part, especially when formative spaces that surpass the logic of technical rationality are proposed. In this direction, the present article is the result of a qualitative research project, from an (auto)biographical perspective, which aims to analyze (auto)biographical narratives of teachers who teach probability and statistics in elementary education, using the IRAMUTEQ software as a support. The narratives that make up the corpus of analysis were produced during the first module of a free distance learning training course (EaD), focused on different pedagogical practices for teaching statistics. This continuing education course was attended by 10 teachers who teach statistics in the final years of elementary school and in high school. As an analysis strategy, classical textual statistics, word cloud and similarity analysis were used. The lexicographic analyses of the textual corpus of the narratives showed possible categories that emerged directly from the data, from which we chose “Training”, “Professional performance” and “Wishes and expectations” as axes of analysis. Research results enabled us to emphasize that, when used in continuous education processes for teachers who teach probability and statistics, narratives can assist the teacher in the process of (re)building their identity as statistical educators. In addition, they allowed us to reflect on the importance of confronting statistical knowledge with social contexts, making it possible to differentiate educational practices in mathematics and statistics.
 Keywords: IRAMUTEQ. Teacher Education. Professional Performance; Narratives, (Auto) Biographical Research.

This study elucidates about the pedagogical practices management in the perspective of collaborative teaching. The research had as investigative locus a school from the municipal teaching network in Santa Maria where collaborative teaching activities where developed, through PIBID/UFSM/Special Education. It aimed to analyze the existence of development effects of collaborative actions, through PIBID – Institutional Program of Scholarship of Teaching Initiation – in the ways of managing the pedagogical practices of teachers enrolled in regular teaching practices who had the opportunity of articulating their work with the scholarship students from PIBID. In this perspective, in a qualitative approach, the research is organized in a study case, having as procedure of analytical data production semi-structured interviews held at school with three teachers from the early years of elementary school. The speeches of the interviewed teachers are unanimous in asserting the relevance of the collaborative movements developed, although they point out to the inexistence of effects in the organization of pedagogical practices after the closure of the activities developed by the aforesaid program in that school. As main factors of in?uence to the inexistence these kind of effects were evaluated the time of PIBID’S actions of development, the organizational methods of school management, the legal orientation towards Special Education, the human resources availability and the formative procedures of the enrolled teachers.ResumoEste estudo versa sobre a gestão das práticas pedagógicas na perspectiva do ensino colaborativo. A pesquisa teve como lócus investigativo uma escola da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Santa Maria onde foram desenvolvidas atividades de Ensino Colaborativo por meio do PIBID /UFSM/Educação Especial. Teve como objetivo analisar a existência de efeitos do desenvolvimento de ações colaborativas, por meio do PIBID, nas formas de gestar as práticas pedagógicas das professoras de ensino comum que tiveram a oportunidade de articular seu trabalho com as bolsistas pibidianas. Nesta perspectiva, em um viés qualitativo, a pesquisa organiza-se em um Estudo de Caso, tendo como procedimento de produção de dados analíticos entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas na escola com três professoras de turmas de anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Os discursos das professoras entrevistadas são unânimes em afirmar a relevância dos movimentos de colaboração desenvolvidos, contudo apontam para a inexistência de efeitos na organização das práticas pedagógicas após o encerramento das atividades desenvolvidas pelo Programa nesta escola. Como principais fatores de in?uência para a inexistência de efeitos nesta ordem foram avaliados o tempo de desenvolvimento das ações do PIBID, as formas organizacionais da Gestão Escolar, as orientações legais para a Educação Especial, a disponibilidade de recursos humanos e os processos formativos dos professores envolvidos.ResumenEse estudio versa sobre la gestión de las prácticas pedagógicas en la perspectiva de la enseñanza colaborativa. La pesquisa tuvo como locus investigativo una escuela de la rede municipal de enseñanza de Santa Maria, donde fueran desarrolladas actividades de Enseñanza Colaborativa por medio del PIBID/UFSM/Educación Especial. El ensayo tuvo como objetivo analizar la existencia de los efectos del desarrollo de acciones colaborativas, por medio del PIBID – Programa Institucional de Becas para la Iniciación a Docencia – en las maneras de gestar las prácticas pedagógicas de la maestras de la enseñanza común que tuvieran la oportunidad de articular sus trabajos con las becarias pibidianas. De esta forma, en un enfoque cualitativo, esa pesquisa se organiza en un estudio de caso, teniendo como procedimiento de producción de dados analíticos en entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas en la escuela con tres maestras de clases de años iniciales de la educación primaria. Los discursos de las profesoras entrevistadas son unánimes en afirmar la relevancia de los movimientos de colaboración desarrollados, entretanto apuntan para la inexistencia de efectos en la organización de las prácticas pedagógicas después del encerramiento de las actividades realizadas por el programa en esta escuela. 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Alcalá de Henares-Madri-Espanha: Universidad de Alcalá, 2014, p. 35-54.MENDES, Enicéia Gonçalves; VILARONGA, Carla Ariela Rios; ZERBATO, Ana Paula. Ensino colaborativo como apoio à inclusão escolar: unindo esforços entre educação comum e especial. São Carlos: EDUFSCar, 2014.SANTA MARIA. Lei n° 6001, de 18 de agosto de 2015. Estabelece o Plano Municipal de Ensino e dá outras providências. Prefeitura Municipal de Santa Maria: Secretaria de Município de Gestão e Modernização Administrativa, 2015.SOUSA, Vânia Célia Ventura. Liderança participativa e gestão escolar. Especialização em Gestão Escolar. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009.TARDIF, Maurice. Saberes docentes e formação profissional. Petrópolis-RJ: Vozes, 2002.UFSM. Projeto de Ensino: Práticas Pedagógicas em Educação Especial na perspectiva da inclusão escolar– PIBID/UFSM. Santa Maria, 2014.

O presente estudo é parte de uma pesquisa sobre a Andragogia e da Teoria Experiencial, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Objetiva analisar como a prática pedagógica do professor, a partir dos princípios andragógicos e da teoria experiencial de Kolb, contribui para a aprendizagem de pessoas jovens e adultas, nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação colaborativa, fundamentada nos pressupostos teóricos de Desgagné (2007), Thiollent (2011). O corpus desta investigação é constituído por dados a partir de questionário e encontros formativos por meio dos Ciclos de Estudos Colaborativos (CEC) com base organizacional no ciclo de Kolb, realizados com professores que atuam no ensino fundamental na modalidade de EJA, estão organizados em eixos temáticos e interpretados à luz da técnica da Análise de Discurso, a partir das concepções de Bardin (2009), Pêcheux (2008). Nossa investigação está fundamentada nas formulações teórico-conceituais de Knowles (2009), Finger e Asún (2003), DeAquino (2007); Kolb (2014), Freire (1987,1996); Moura (2007), entre outros. A análise desenvolvida o papel da aula andragógica como orientação didática. Os resultados apontam para a reflexão da prática pedagógica visando à qualidade do ensino oferecido as pessoas jovens e adultas, e apontam para a necessidade de redimensionar essas práticas no contexto escolar.CONTINUED EDUCATION IN YOUTH AND ADULT EDUCATION: the class based on andragogyand its implications in the (re)construction of the practice Abstract: This present study is part of a research with on Andragogy and Experiential theory, linked to the Postgraduate Program of National University of Piauí. It aims to analyze how the teacher’s pedagogical practice from andragogy principles and the experimental theory of kolb, contributes to learning of young and adults, in the initial years of Elementary School level. This is a collaborative action research, based on the theoretical assumptions of Desgagné (2007), Thiollent (2011). The corpus of the research consisted of data from questionnaires and formative through the Cycles of Collaborative Studies, with an organizational basis in Kolb cycle, carried out with teachers teaching Youth and Adult Education. Such data is organized into thematic axes and interpreted based on Discourse Analysis, according to the conceptions of Bardin (2009), Pêcheux (2008). These investigations are based on the theoretical-conceptual formulations of Knowles (2009), Finger and Asún (2003), DeAquino (2007); Kolb (2014), Freire (1987, 1996); Moura (2007), among others. The analysis developed highlights the role of the andragógica class as didactic orientation in the EJA. The results point to the reflection of the pedagogical practice aiming at the quality of teaching offered to students young and adults and point to the need of resize pedagogical practices in the school context.Keywords: Youth and Adult education. Formation. Andragogy. Pedagogical practice.LA FORMACIÓN CONTINUADA EN LA EDUCACIÓN DE JÓVENES Y ADULTOS: la clase andragógica y las implicaciones en la (re)construcción de la prácticaResumen: El presente texto es parte de una pesquisa sobre Andragogia y la Teoría Experiencial, vinculada al l Programa de Pós-Graduación en Educación de la Universidade Federal do Piauí. Objetiva analizar como la práctica pedagógica del profesor, a partir de los principios andragógicos y de la teoría experiencial de Kolb, contribuye para el aprendizaje de personas jóvenes y adultas, en los años iniciales de la enseñanza fundamental. Se trata de una pesquisa- acción colaborativa, fundamentada en los presupuestos teóricos de Desgagné (2007), Thiollent (2011). El corpus de la investigación es constituidao por dados a partir de cuestionarios y encuentros formativos por medio de los Ciclos de Estudios Colaborativos (CEC) con base organizacional en ciclo de Kolb, realizado con profesores que actúan en la enseñanza fundamental en la modalidad de EJA, están organizados en ejes temáticos e interpretación a la luz de la técnica de Discurso a partir de las concepciones de Bardin (2009), Pêcheux (2008). Nuestra investigación está fundamentada en las formulaciones teórico – conceptuales de Knowles (2009), Finge e Asún (2003), DeAquino (2007), Kolb (2014), Freire (1987, 1996), Moura (2007), entre otros. El análisis desarrollado destaca el papel de la clase andragógica como orientación didáctica en la EJA. Los resultados apuntan para la reflexión de la práctica pedagógica visando la cualidad del enseño ofrecido a las personas jóvenes y adultos, y apuntan para la necesidad de redimensionamiento de las prácticas pedagógicas en el contexto escolar.Palabras Llaves: Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos. Formación de Profesores. Clase. Práctica Pedagógica.

The introduction of basic computer media for early childhood is very important because it is one of the skills that children need in this century. Need to support parents and teachers in developing the implementation of the use of computer technology at home or at school. This study aims to determine and understand the state of learning conducted based on technology. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study model. This study involved 15 children and 5 parents. Data obtained through interviews (children and parents) and questionnaires for parents. The results showed that children who were introduced to and taught basic computers earlier became more skilled in learning activities. Suggestions for further research to be more in-depth both qualitatively and quantitatively explore the use of the latest technology to prepare future generations who have 21st century skills.
 Keywords: Parental Perspective; Computer Learning; Early childhood education
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