Artículos de revistas: "Round body"

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Abian-Vicen, Javier, Adrián Castanedo, Pablo Abian, Cristina Gonzalez-Millan, Juan José Salinero y Juan Del Coso. "Influence of Successive Badminton Matches on Muscle Strength, Power, and Body-Fluid Balance in Elite Players". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, n.º 4 (julio de 2014): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0269.

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The aim was to analyze the influence of competitive round on muscle strength, body-fluid balance, and renal function in elite badminton players during a real competition. Body mass, jump height during a countermovement jump, handgrip force, and urine samples were obtained from 13 elite badminton players (6 men and 7 women) before and after the 2nd-round and quarterfinal matches of the national Spanish badminton championship. Sweat rate was determined by using prematch-to-postmatch body-mass change and by weighing individually labeled fluid bottles. Sweat rates were 1.04 ± 0.62 and 0.98 ± 0.43 L/h, while rehydration rate was 0.69 ± 0.26 and 0.91 ± 0.52 L/h for the 2nd round and quarterfinals, respectively. Thus, dehydration was 0.47% ± 1.03% after the 2nd round and 0.23% ± 0.43% after the quarterfinals. There were no differences in prematch-to-postmatch jump height, but jump height was reduced from 37.51 ± 8.83 cm after the 2nd-round game to 34.82 ± 7.37 cm after the quarterfinals (P < .05). No significant differences were found in handgrip force when comparing prepost matches or rounds, although there were significant differences between dominant and nondominant hands (P < .05). The succession of rounds caused the appearance of proteinuria, hematuria, glycosuria, and higher nitrite and ketone concentrations in urine. Rehydration patterns during a real badminton competition were effective to prevent dehydration. A badminton match did not affect jump height or handgrip force, but jump height was progressively reduced by the competitive round. Badminton players’ renal responses reflected diminished renal flux due to the high-intensity nature of this racket sport.

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Mehrani, Mohammad, Iman Attarzadeh y Mehdi Hosseinzadeh. "Deep-learning based forecasting sampling frequency of biosensors in wireless body area networks". Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, n.º 3 (7 de octubre de 2020): 3195–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-191622.

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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have been introduced as a useful way in controlling health status of the monitored patients, during recent years. Each WBAN includes a number of biosensors attached to the patient’s body, collecting his vital sign features and communicating them to the coordinator to make appropriate decisions. Managing energy consumption of biosensors and continuous monitoring of the patients are two main issues in WBANs. Hence, denoting efficient sampling frequency of biosensors is very important in WBANs. In this paper, we propose a scheme which aims at determining and forecasting sampling rate of active biosensors in WBANs. In this regard, from the first round until a certain round, the sampling rate of biosensors would be determined. Accordingly, we introduce our modified Fisher test, develop spline interpolation method and introduce three main parameters. These parameters are information of patient’s activity, patient’s risk and pivot biosensor’s value. Then, by employing mentioned parameters in addition to the introduced statistical and mathematical based strategies, the sampling rate of active biosensors in the next round would be determined at the end of each entire round. By reaching a pre-denoted round, the sampling rate of biosensors would be predicted through forecasting methods. For this purpose, we develop two machine learning based techniques namely Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). For estimation our approaches we simulate them in MATLAB R2018b software. Simulation results demonstrate that our methods can decrease the number of communicated data by 81%, reduce energy expenditure of biosensors by 73% and forecast the sampling rate of biosensors in the future rounds with 97% accuracy and 2.2753 RMSE.

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Vilmart, Gilles. "Reducing round-off errors in rigid body dynamics". Journal of Computational Physics 227, n.º 15 (julio de 2008): 7083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2008.04.013.

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Bruneau, Charles-Henri. "Computation of hypersonic flows round a blunt body". Computers & Fluids 19, n.º 2 (enero de 1991): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7930(91)90035-g.

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Lavy, A. "Foreign Body Extraction Device". Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy 5, n.º 4 (1 de enero de 1999): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/dte.5.253.

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Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract are common. Mostly they are swallowed accidentally by children but also by adults. When round and slippery, foreign bodies cause a technical problem for removal. After several days in the stomach they are covered with mucus and extraction becomes even harder. There are various devices designed for use through the flexible endoscope for grasping foreign bodies but due to the great variety of objects, one may face a real problem while trying to remove them. We faced a challenge in a woman who underwent vertical band gastroplasty and was obstructed by a round and slippery hazelnut. We managed to remove the nut using a simple homemade device. This device is easy to make, cheap, and simple to use and maybe useful for various foreign bodies.

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Bridge, Craig A., Michelle A. Jones y Barry Drust. "Physiological Responses and Perceived Exertion During International Taekwondo Competition". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 4, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2009): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.4.4.485.

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Purpose:To investigate the physiological responses and perceived exertion during international Taekwondo competition.Methods:Eight male Taekwondo black belts (mean ± SD, age 22 ± 4 y, body mass 69.4 ± 13.4 kg, height 1.82 ± 0.10 m, competition experience 9 ± 5 y) took part in an international-level Taekwondo competition. Each combat included three 2-min rounds with 30 s of recovery between each round. Heart rate (HR) was recorded at 5-s intervals during each combat. Capillary blood lactate samples were taken from the fingertip 1 min before competition, directly after each round and 1 min after competition. Competitors’ rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded for each round using Borg’s 6-to-20 scale.Results:HR (round 1: 175 ± 15 to round 3: 187 ± 8 beats·min−1; P < .05), percentage of HR maximum (round 1: 89 ± 8 to round 3: 96 ± 5% HRmax; P < .05), blood lactate (round 1: 7.5 ± 1.6 to round 3: 11.9 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1; P < .05) and RPE (round 1: 11 ± 2 to round 3: 14 ± 2; P < .05; mean ± SD) increased significantly across rounds.Conclusions:International-level Taekwondo competition elicited near-maximal cardiovascular responses, high blood lactate concentrations, and increases in competitors' RPE across combat. Training should therefore include exercise bouts that sufficiently stimulate both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.

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Schultz, Michael C. y C. P. Leblond. "Three structures associated with the nucleolus in male rat germinal cells: Round body, coiled body, and ?nubecula? and general presence of round body at male meiosis". American Journal of Anatomy 189, n.º 1 (septiembre de 1990): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001890103.

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Ruan, Lihua, Maluge P. I. Dias, Ye Feng y Elaine Wong. "Round-Trip Delay Modeling for Smart Body Area Networks". IEEE Communications Letters 21, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2017): 2528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2733536.

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Dhaulakhandi, Dhara B., Alok K. Ravi, Lalit C. Garg y Karvita B. Ahluwalia. "Complex disposition of an enigmatic pathogen: rare electron microscopic manifestations in nasal rhinosporidiosis". Romanian Journal of Rhinology 7, n.º 27 (27 de septiembre de 2017): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjr-2017-0019.

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Abstract Rhinosporidiosis is a polypoidal disease of the nose and mucocutaneous tissues, the diagnosis of which is based on the presence of round bodies believed to be causative agents of the disease. Historically, the round body has been considered to be a sporangium of a fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi but without any convincing evidence. Round bodies contain numerous daughter cells, which are likely in the infective stage and are shed through a rupture in the wall of the round body. The released single-celled organisms eventually develop into round bodies on availability of suitable transformative trigger and favourable environment. Surgical excision of the polyp by electrocautery is the only effective treatment; however, recurrence may occur due to spillage of infective endospores in the surrounding mucosa during removal. There are many enigmatic features of the causative agent of this disease, which have been baffling researchers for more than a century. Here we present some rare electron microscopic and previously unreported features of the coat of the round body and single-celled organism in nasal rhinosporidiosis.

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El-Ashker, Said, Helmi Chaabene, Yassine Negra, Olaf Prieske y Urs Granacher. "Cardio-Respiratory Endurance Responses Following a Simulated 3 × 3 Minutes Amateur Boxing Contest in Elite Level Boxers". Sports 6, n.º 4 (15 de octubre de 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6040119.

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This study aimed at examining physiological responses (i.e., oxygen uptake [VO2] and heart rate [HR]) to a semi-contact 3 × 3-min format, amateur boxing combat simulation in elite level male boxers. Eleven boxers aged 21.4 ± 2.1 years (body height 173.4 ± 3.7, body mass 74.9 ± 8.6 kg, body fat 12.1 ± 1.9, training experience 5.7 ± 1.3 years) volunteered to participate in this study. They performed a maximal graded aerobic test on a motor-driven treadmill to determine maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), oxygen uptake (VO2AT) and heart rate (HRAT) at the anaerobic threshold, and maximal heart rate (HRmax). Additionally, VO2 and peak HR (HRpeak) were recorded following each boxing round. Results showed no significant differences between VO2max values derived from the treadmill running test and VO2 outcomes of the simulated boxing contest (p > 0.05, d = 0.02 to 0.39). However, HRmax and HRpeak recorded from the treadmill running test and the simulated amateur boxing contest, respectively, displayed significant differences regardless of the boxing round (p < 0.01, d = 1.60 to 3.00). In terms of VO2 outcomes during the simulated contest, no significant between-round differences were observed (p = 0.19, d = 0.17 to 0.73). Irrespective of the boxing round, the recorded VO2 was >90% of the VO2max. Likewise, HRpeak observed across the three boxing rounds were ≥90% of the HRmax. In summary, the simulated 3 × 3-min amateur boxing contest is highly demanding from a physiological standpoint. Thus, coaches are advised to systematically monitor internal training load for instance through rating of perceived exertion to optimize training-related adaptations and to prevent boxers from overreaching and/or overtraining.

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Baerg, Andrew. "Fight Night Round 2: Mediating the Body and Digital Boxing". Sociology of Sport Journal 24, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2007): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.24.3.325.

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This article addresses Leonard’s (2006a) call for inquiry into virtual sport by exploring how Electronic Arts’ Fight Night Round 2 (2005) inscribes the boxing body into the digital game. This article qualitatively analyzes the text of the game in order to consider how it deals with the immateriality of bodies in new media as it translates them into digital space. By focusing on the game’s avatar creation system and control set, I argue over and against the freedom proclaimed by theorists about new media that Fight Night Round 2 positions users within a hegemonic masculine subjectivity. The essay concludes by addressing how this positioning speaks to the significance of this mediation for boxing as the game positions users in relation to the sport.

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Prosen, Tomaž. "Many-body quantum chaos and dual-unitarity round-a-face". Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 31, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2021): 093101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0056970.

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Jiajan, W., R. S. M. Chue, T. Nguyen y S. Yu. "Optimisation of round bodies for aerodynamic performance and stability at supersonic speeds". Aeronautical Journal 117, n.º 1193 (julio de 2013): 661–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000008368.

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AbstractAn optimisation procedure coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is proposed to minimise the aerodynamic drag and to improve the static and dynamic stabilities of generic rounds at supersonic speeds (Mach 1·5 to 4). First, the Active-set algorithm, Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) is used as the optimisation method for drag minimisation. The objective function is the zero-lift drag computed from a semi-empirical solution. The constraints are based on the geometric restrictions of the body. CFD is then employed to validate the accuracy of the drag prediction from the semi-empirical solution and to incorporate the stability requirements into the optimisation process. A supersonic round body is considered as an example application. The optimised body provides up to 15% drag reduction and 46% increase in gyroscopic stability while remaining dynamically stable over the whole range of the operating Mach numbers.

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SUZUKI, Yuuya, Kiyoshi KAWAGUCHI, Kenji SUNOHARA y Kazunao OKAMOTO. "607 Numerical Analysis of Flow around Bluff Body with Round Edge". Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2008.45 (2008): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2008.45.187.

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SUZUKI, Yuuya, Kiyoshi KAWAGUCHI y Tomoya KATOU. "1317 Numerical Analysis of Flow around Bluff Body with Round Edge". Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2009.46 (2009): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2009.46.529.

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Fujii, Yuki, Hideaki Fujita y Sadaki Yokota. "Synthesis of β-tubulin occurs within chromatoid body of round spermatids". Cytoskeleton 74, n.º 5 (30 de marzo de 2017): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.21363.

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Ahmed, Atif A., Nevene Andraws, Ahmed M. Almutairi, Hesham M. Saied y Asim M. Elbagir-Mohamed. "Cytologic and Immunophenotypic Features of Malignant Cells in Pediatric Body Fluids". Acta Cytologica 59, n.º 4 (2015): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000440795.

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Objective: Cytospin preparations and immunocytochemistry are common methods in hospitals to evaluate malignancies in body fluids. Characteristics of malignant cells in pediatric body fluids have not been adequately evaluated. Study Design: 183 pleural, peritoneal and pericardial pediatric fluid specimens were examined by cytospin preparations and immunocytochemistry from two hospitals using similar procedural techniques. Cytologic diagnoses were correlated with the results of clinical history, histology and ancillary studies. Results: Forty cases with malignancy were identified (21.9%); the most common diagnoses were rhabdomyosarcoma and acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (9 and 8 cases, respectively). Small round cell tumors revealed similar morphology as clusters of small round cells with central nuclei and scant cytoplasm with frequent small vacuoles. Twenty-one cases were evaluated by immunocytochemistry, 12 by flow cytometry and 5 by cytogenetic analysis. CD3, CD20, TdT, CD10, desmin and myogenin were the most common markers. Staining artifacts causing interpretation difficulties were noted in 5 cases that were resolved by molecular studies and deferral for surgical specimens. Conclusions: Small round cell tumors are the most common malignancies encountered in pediatric body fluids and share a nonspecific morphology. Although immunocytochemistry is helpful to arrive at the correct diagnosis, other ancillary studies may be necessary, particularly in hematologic malignancies and other difficult cases.

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Dhaulakhandi, Dhara B., Alok K. Ravi, Lalit C. Garg y Karvita B. Ahluwalia. "Symmetry patterning by the causative organism of rhinosporidiosis in culture". Romanian Journal of Rhinology 7, n.º 25 (1 de marzo de 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjr-2017-0002.

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Abstract Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic polypoidal infection of the nose, conjunctiva and other sites, believed to be caused by a fungus, Rhinosporidium Seeberi, with a doubtful taxonomy. Polyps contain histological round bodies and the exact mode of infection is not known. The round bodies are filled up with spherules. In tissue the organism forms spherical round bodies approaching 50-500µ in diameter that contain innumerable single-celled organisms that mature at different rates. Mature organisms are approximately 7-9µ in size and escape through a pore that develops in the wall of the round body. The round body does not exist in nature outside the host. The organism in rhinosporidiosis was believed to be uncultivable, until we cultured it for the first time in our laboratory. We further modified the culture medium and succeeded in culturing the causative agent of the disease in CBEML (Cell Biology and Electron Microcopy Laboratory) medium. Here we present some of the peculiar conspicuous features of the organism in culture leading to symmetry patterning.

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Yabuta, Yukihiro, Hiroshi Ohta, Takaya Abe, Kazuki Kurimoto, Shinichiro Chuma y Mitinori Saitou. "TDRD5 is required for retrotransposon silencing, chromatoid body assembly, and spermiogenesis in mice". Journal of Cell Biology 192, n.º 5 (7 de marzo de 2011): 781–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201009043.

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The Tudor domain–containing proteins (TDRDs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins involved in germ cell development. We show here that in mice, TDRD5 is a novel component of the intermitochondrial cements (IMCs) and the chromatoid bodies (CBs), which are cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules involved in RNA processing for spermatogenesis. Tdrd5-deficient males are sterile because of spermiogenic arrest at the round spermatid stage, with occasional failure in meiotic prophase. Without TDRD5, IMCs and CBs are disorganized, with mislocalization of their key components, including TDRD1/6/7/9 and MIWI/MILI/MIWI2. In addition, Tdrd5-deficient germ cells fail to repress LINE-1 retrotransposons with DNA-demethylated promoters. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element modulator (CREM) and TRF2, key transcription factors for spermiogenesis, are expressed in Tdrd5-deficient round spermatids, but their targets, including Prm1/Prm2/Tnp1, are severely down-regulated, which indicates the importance of IMC/CB-mediated regulation for postmeiotic gene expression. Strikingly, Tdrd5-deficient round spermatids injected into oocytes contribute to fertile offspring, demonstrating that acquisition of a functional haploid genome may be uncoupled from TDRD5 function.

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Vescovi, Jason D., Teena M. Murray, Kelly A. Fiala y Jaci L. VanHeest. "Off-Ice Performance and Draft Status of Elite Ice Hockey Players". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 1, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2006): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.1.3.207.

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Purpose:The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether tests performed at the National Hockey League (NHL) Combine could distinguish draft status (ie, the round selected). A secondary aim was to provide performance ranges and percentiles for each of the dependent variables.Methods:A retrospective, cross-sectional study design was used with performance data and draft order from 2001, 2002, and 2003 Combine participants. Draft round was divided into 5 classifications (rounds 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 through 9), and performances on 12 physical tests served as dependent variables. Three multiple analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) were used to determine the significance of performance scores at the NHL Combine on draft selection. Age (years), body mass (kg), height (cm), and percentage body fat were treated as covariates.Results:Overall, MANCOVA results indicated no significant effect of performance on draft selection for 2001, 2002, or 2003. Subsequent univariate tests revealed that no single dependent variable was able to distinguish between draft rounds for any of the 3 years sampled.Conclusions:Using draft status as an indicator of ice hockey performance, it appears that off-ice tests cannot accurately predict ice hockey playing ability in an elite group of athletes. This might stem from homogeneity of the Combine participants, a lack of validity of the tests, or other factors (eg, on-ice hockey skills, psychological variables, etc) that play a role in draft selection.

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Barwood, M. J., O. R. Gibson, D. J. Gillis, O. Jeffries, N. B. Morris, J. Pearce, M. L. Ross et al. "Menthol as an Ergogenic Aid for the Tokyo 2021 Olympic Games: An Expert-Led Consensus Statement Using the Modified Delphi Method". Sports Medicine 50, n.º 10 (4 de julio de 2020): 1709–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01313-9.

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Abstract Introduction Menthol topical application and mouth rinsing are ergogenic in hot environments, improving performance and perception, with differing effects on body temperature regulation. Consequently, athletes and federations are beginning to explore the possible benefits to elite sport performance for the Tokyo 2021 Olympics, which will take place in hot (~ 31 °C), humid (70% RH) conditions. There is no clear consensus on safe and effective menthol use for athletes, practitioners, or researchers. The present study addressed this shortfall by producing expert-led consensus recommendations. Method Fourteen contributors were recruited following ethical approval. A three-step modified Delphi method was used for voting on 96 statements generated following literature consultation; 192 statements total (96/96 topical application/mouth rinsing). Round 1 contributors voted to “agree” or “disagree” with statements; 80% agreement was required to accept statements. In round 2, contributors voted to “support” or “change” their round 1 unaccepted statements, with knowledge of the extant voting from round 1. Round 3 contributors met to discuss voting against key remaining statements. Results Forty-seven statements reached consensus in round 1 (30/17 topical application/rinsing); 14 proved redundant. Six statements reached consensus in round 2 (2/4 topical application/rinsing); 116 statements proved redundant. Nine further statements were agreed in round 3 (6/3 topical application/rinsing) with caveats. Discussion Consensus was reached on 62 statements in total (38/24 topical application/rinsing), enabling the development of guidance on safe menthol administration, with a view to enhancing performance and perception in the heat without impairing body temperature regulation.

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Zheng, Y. Y., X. Li, L. F. Zhao y A. H. Gao. "Hyperbolic error analysis and parametric optimization of a round body form tool". Journal of Materials Processing Technology 129, n.º 1-3 (octubre de 2002): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00660-x.

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Meikar, Oliver, Matteo Da Ros, Hanna Korhonen y Noora Kotaja. "Chromatoid body and small RNAs in male germ cells". REPRODUCTION 142, n.º 2 (agosto de 2011): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-11-0057.

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The chromatoid body (CB) is a germ granule in the cytoplasm of postmeiotic haploid round spermatids that is loaded with RNA and RNA-binding proteins. Following the discovery of small non-coding RNA-mediated gene regulation and the identification of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that have crucial roles in germ line development, the function of the CB has slowly begun to be revealed. Male germ cells utilise small RNAs to control the complex and specialised process of sperm production. Several microRNAs have been identified during spermatogenesis. In addition, a high number of piRNAs are present both in embryonic and postnatal male germ cells, with their expression being impressively induced in late meiotic cells and haploid round spermatids. At postmeiotic stage of germ cell differentiation, the CB accumulates piRNAs and proteins of piRNA machinery, as well as several other proteins involved in distinct RNA regulation pathways. All existing evidence suggests a role for the CB in mRNA regulation and small RNA-mediated gene control, but the mechanisms remain uncharacterised. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of the CB and its association with small RNA pathways.

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Dubrovnik, Tadej. "The Position, Election and Powers of the President of the Republic of Estonia". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 7, n.º 1 (4 de septiembre de 2009): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/65.

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Estonia has a typical parliamentary system in which the President of the Republic is indirectly elected. This paper deals with the position of the President of the Republic of Estonia, with the election of the President, and with his powers. Particular attention is paid to standard functions and powers in the legislative and executive realms. In addition, the extraordinary powers of the President of the Republic are also mentioned. The largest chapter of this paper describes the election of the President of the Republic. The Estonian regulation is specific because it allows up to five rounds of elections. The President of the Republic is elected by the Parliament in the first three rounds of elections. If no candidate receives a majority of votes, a special electoral body is formed (it is made up of the Members of Parliament and the representatives of local self-governing communities) to elect the President of the Republic in the fourth round of elections and, if necessary, in the fifth round of elections. The local council of each local community elects at least one representative to this body. The number of the representatives an individual local community will have depends on the number of citizens living in its area. In the end, the paper presents the responsibilities of the President of the Republic. KEY WORDS: • electins • President of the Republic of Estonia • local self-government • parliament • Estonia

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Davis, Philip, Peter R. Benson, James D. Pitty, Andrew J. Connorton y Robert Waldock. "The Activity Profile of Elite Male Amateur Boxing". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, n.º 1 (enero de 2015): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0474.

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An activity profile of competitive 3 × 3-min elite-level amateur boxing was created from video footage of 29 Olympic final and semifinal bouts in 39 male boxers (mean ± SD) age 25.1 ± 3.6 y, height 178.3 ± 10.4 cm, and body mass 69.7 ± 16.5 kg. Boxing at this level requires the ability to maintain an activity rate of ~1.4 actions/s, consisting of ~20 punches, ~2.5 defensive movements, and ~47 vertical hip movements, all per minute, over 3 subsequent rounds lasting ~200 s each. Winners had higher total punches landed (P = .041) and a lower ratio of punches thrown to landed (P = .027) than losers in round 3. The hook rearhand landed was also higher for winners than losers in round 2 (P = .038) and round 3 (P = .016), and defensive movements were used less by winners (P = .036). However, the results suggest that technical discrimination between winners and losers is difficult; bout outcome may be more dependent on which punch is “lucky” enough to be scored by the judges or who appears to be dominant on the day. This study gives both boxers and coaches a good idea of where subelite boxers need to aim if they want to become among the best amateur boxers in the world.

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Steger, Debra P. "Commentary on the Doha Round: Institutional Issues". Global Economy Journal 5, n.º 4 (7 de diciembre de 2005): 1850065. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1152.

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Commentary on Robert Howse's article "WTO Governance and the Doha Round." Debra Steger is Executive in Residence at the University of Ottawa Faculty of Law where she is working to establish a new institute for international law, economy and security in Canada. Previously, she was Senior Counsel with Thomas & Partners, a law firm specializing in international trade and investment matters. From 1995-2001, she served as the founding Director of the Appellate Body Secretariat of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland, during which time she helped to establish the Appellate Body as the first appellate tribunal in international trade. She is Chair of the Trade and Customs Law Committee of the International Bar Association, and has been on the executive of the Trade Committee of the International Law Association for the past 10 years. She is also a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the Journal for International Economic Law. She participates on the Advisory Council of the UNCTAD Project on Building Capacity through Training in Dispute Settlement in International Trade Investment and Intellectual Property as well as the Governing Council of the World Trade Law Association. During the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, she was the Senior Negotiator for Canada on Dispute Settlement and the Establishment of the World Trade Organization as well as the Principal Legal Counsel to the Government of Canada for all of the Uruguay Round agreements. From 1991—1995, she was General Counsel of the Canadian International Trade Tribunal in Ottawa, the agency responsible for administering the antidumping, countervail, safeguards, and government procurement legislation in Canada. Her most recent book is entitled: “Peace Through Trade: Building the WTO” which was published by Cameron May International Legal Publishers in 2004. Steger holds an LL.M. from the University of Michigan Law School, an LL.B. from the University of Victoria Faculty of Law, and a B.A. (Honours) in History from the University of British Columbia.

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Zhao, Yun Cai, Shu Feng Huang y Xiao Mei Liu. "Study on the Lubrication and Antifriction Mechanism of Low Frictional Self-Lubricating Wear-Resisting Coating". Advanced Materials Research 339 (septiembre de 2011): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.477.

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This paper is about the lubricating wear-resisting coating KF301/WS2 and round pit texturing modified coating KF301/WS2 which are prepared by supersonic plasma spraying, laser remelting and surface texturing technology, tribological characteristics of two kinds of coatings are studied under room temperature, according to this, it is discussed for lubrication antifriction mechanism. The research shows: round pit texture has a certain influence on friction factor of coating’s surface and abrasion loss. Friction coefficient of untextured surface is about 0.0138 in the initial stages, while friction coefficient of round pit texture is about 0.01, compared with the former, the latter decreases 27%; when wear time reaches to 1 hour, abrasion loss of untextured surface is 0.0026mg, while abrasion loss of round pit texture is about 0.013mg, compared with the former, the latter decreases 50%. The lubricant antifriction performance of round pit texture is higher than untextured surface, this is because friction coefficient of coating is decreased as the change of the third-body bed, and round pit micro moulding can collect abrasive particle, decreasing the influence of abrasive particle.

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Seongah Chin, Sangyong Lee y Seongdong Kim. "Abrasion and burn patch synthesis for a rough and round shaped body part". International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications 6, n.º 9 (31 de mayo de 2012): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jdcta.vol6.issue9.38.

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29

Guardabrazo, Tomas A., Maria A. Jimenez y Pablo Gonzalez de Santos. "Analysing and solving body misplacement problems in walking robots with round rigid feet". Robotics and Autonomous Systems 54, n.º 3 (marzo de 2006): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2005.10.007.

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30

Brorson, O., S. H. Brorson, J. Scythes, J. MacAllister, A. Wier y L. Margulis. "Destruction of spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi round-body propagules (RBs) by the antibiotic Tigecycline". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, n.º 44 (20 de octubre de 2009): 18656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908236106.

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31

Golovachev, Yu P. y A. A. Shmidt. "Effect of blowing on supersonic dust-laden gas flow round a blunt body". Fluid Dynamics 21, n.º 2 (1986): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01050192.

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32

Chang, Annalice, Kyle Pfeifer, Peter Chen, Vivek Kalra y Myung Soo Shin. "Thoracic Presentations of Small Round Blue Cell Tumors". Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 6 (23 de junio de 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.184539.

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The term “small round blue cell” is frequently used as a cursory radiologic pathological correlation of aggressive tumors throughout the body. We present a pictorial essay of common and uncommon subtypes of small round blue cell tumors in the chest illustrating the characteristic radiologic findings of each lesion. In addition, we review the pathologic findings of each tumor subtype with characteristic hematoxylin- and eosin-stained photomicrographs and immunohistochemical and molecular studies. Represented tumors include small cell carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Understanding and ability to recognize these lesions are essential to broaden the radiologist's differential diagnosis and help guide patient care.

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33

Stapleton, Peta y Hannah Chatwin. "Determining Highly Desirable Traits of an Effective Emotional Freedom Techniques Practitioner: A Delphi Study". Energy Psychology 9, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2017): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9769/epj.2017.9.2.ps.

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Due to the distinct lack of definition surrounding the desirable attributes of an effective Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) practitioner, this study utilized a modified Delphi technique to explore this. This method is designed to achieve a consensus amongst skilled panelists when an accepted body of literature is lacking. A three-round modified Delphi approach was used and participants were skilled in delivering EFT as a practitioner (N = 22). The first round was an open-ended series of questions derived from the literature, and responses to these initial questions were analyzed using content analysis (nVivo), with common themes identified and grouped together. These themes were then utilized to develop more specific quantitative questions (Likert format) to be used in the subsequent rounds. Consensus was set at 75% agreement on an item and was reached for 11 out of the 15 traits of an effective EFT practitioner identified in round 1. Consensus was also reached for seven out of the eight traits of an ineffective EFT practitioner, but was not reached for many core elements in training. These included adequate training, knowledge of other energy techniques, and the use of structured interviews, among other issues. Consensus was also not reached for the use of screening processes prior to training. These results are discussed in terms of standardization in EFT

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34

Castro, A. C. S., G. F. Queiroz, J. C. Nogueira, C. C. Coimbra, A. M. Reis, U. Marubayashi y K. Yamasaki. "Effect of pinealectomy, adrenalectomy, pinealectomy plus adrenalectomy upon the quantification of spermatogenic cells of adult rats". Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 54, n.º 3 (junio de 2002): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352002000300008.

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pinealectomy, adrenalectomy and pinealectomy-adrenalectomy upon the quantification of spermatogenic cells of rats. As such, 32 adult Wistar rats with a mean body weight of 331.7± 15.5g were assigned into one of the following treatments: (a) a sham-operated control group, consisting of nine animals; (b) ten pinealectomized animals; (c) seven adrenalectomized animals and (d) six pinealectomized plus adrenalectomized animals. No significant differences were observed between groups for the following parameters: body, testes, prostate and seminal vesicle weights, seminiferous tubular diameter, number of cells per seminiferous tubular cross sections (primary spermatocytes at pachytene, round spermatids, Sertoli cells) and numbers of germ cells per Sertoli cell (primary spermatocytes at pachytene and round spermatids ). Although no increase in testicular weight was observed following pinealectomy, a significant (P<0.05) increase of approximately 11.5% in the number of round spermatids per Sertoli cell (Sertoli cell ratio) occurred thus suggesting that short-term pinealectomy abolishes the antigonadal effect of the pineal gland upon adult Wistar rat testes.

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35

Mkaouer, Bessem, Monèm Jemni, Samiha Amara, Helmi Chaabène y Zouhair Tabka. "Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Two Gymnastics Acrobatic Series to Performing the Backward Stretched Somersault". Journal of Human Kinetics 37, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2013): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0021.

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Back swing connections during gymnastics acrobatic series considerably influence technical performance and difficulties, particularly in the back somersault. The aim of this study was to compare the take-off’s kinetic and kinematic variables between two acrobatic series leading to perform the backward stretched somersault (also called salto): round-off, flic-flac to stretched salto versus round-off, tempo-salto to stretched salto. Five high level male gymnasts (age 23.17 ± 1.61 yrs; body height 1.65 ± 0.05 m; body mass 56.80 ± 7.66 kg) took part in this investigation. A force plate synchronized with a two dimensional movement analysis system was used to collect kinetic and kinematic data. Statistical analysis via the non-parametric Wilcoxon Rank-sum test showed significant differences between the take-offs’ variables. The backswing connections were different in the take-off angle, linear momentum, vertical velocity and horizontal and vertical displacements. In conclusion, considering that the higher elevation of the centre of mass in the flight phase would allow best performance and lower the risk of falls, particularly when combined to a great angular momentum, this study demonstrated that the optimal connection series was round-off, flic-flac to stretched salto which enabled the best height in the somersault. Analysis of the results suggests that both connections facilitate the performance of single and double (or triple) backward somersaults with or without rotations around the longitudinal axis. Gymnasts could perform these later while gaining height if they chose the round-off, flic-flac technique or gaining some backward displacement if they choose the round-off, salto tempo.

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36

Jiang, Yongzhi, Pingbo Wu, Jing Zeng, Lai Wei, Kaikai Lv, Yunchang Zhang y Xinliang Dai. "Detection and alleviation of the abnormal vibration of the monorail based on experiment and simulation". Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 38, n.º 2 (14 de febrero de 2019): 282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348419825605.

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Wheel out of round, which has a significant influence on the ride comfort of vehicles, is very difficult to detect, especially for vehicles with rubber tires like a monorail. The prominent feature of wheel eccentricity caused by wheel out of round is that there will be a dominant frequency of the vehicle acceleration that varies with the speed of the vehicle, while the wavelengthes are all equal to the wheel circumference. By studying the experimental results of Chongqing straddle monorail, an indirect detection method of the wheel out of round is put forward. Then a simulation model of the monorail vehicle under the influence of the wheel out of round is established. The numerical analysis and experimental results lead to that the main reason for the abnormal vibration of the vehicle is the wheel out of round. Through the analysis of the vertical dynamic equation of the monorail system, all other factors that may affect the dominant frequency of vehicle vibration are analyzed. Finally, it is concluded this abnormal vibration caused by wheel out of round can only be reduced by increasing the vertical stiffness of the air spring and car body mass other than changing wheels.

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37

Brush, Jaclyn M., Aaron T. Fisk, Nigel E. Hussey y Timothy B. Johnson. "Spatial and seasonal variability in the diet of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus): stable isotopes indicate that stomach contents overestimate the importance of dreissenids". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, n.º 3 (marzo de 2012): 573–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-001.

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Our results provide new information that diet, carbon source and trophic position of an invasive fish species, round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus ), varies seasonally, spatially and with body size in littoral habitats of Lake Ontario. Based on stomach contents and stable isotopes, round goby fed at a higher trophic position in the cooler, less productive Kingston Basin relative to the Bay of Quinte. Bay of Quinte round goby were more reliant on terrestrial carbon, whereas littoral carbon dominated in the Kingston Basin. Although stomach contents suggested dreissenids were the dominant prey item of round goby, stable isotope mixing models estimated that dreissenids were never >39% and 11% of the diet in Bay of Quinte and Kingston Basin, respectively. Stable isotopes indicated amphipods, chironomids and cladocerans were the most important prey, and were at times common items in stomach contents, but this varied with site, season and year. Given their high abundance, the impact of round gobies on the benthic biodiversity of the Great Lakes may be more significant than indicated by stomach content analysis alone.

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38

Cooper,, William E. y Wade C. Sherbrooke. "Crypsis influences escape decisions in the Round-tailed Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma modestum)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, n.º 10 (octubre de 2010): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-068.

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Flight initiation distance (predator–prey distance when escape begins) increases as predation risk increases. Prey should have longer flight initiation distance when their background, movement, or current posture reduces crypsis. Flight initiation distance of ectotherms may increase at lower body temperature to compensate for slower running speed. However, for cryptic prey, fleeing might increase the probability of being detected. The Round-tailed Horned Lizard ( Phrynosoma modestum Girard, 1852) is eucryptic and resembles small stones. We predicted that flight initiation distance by P. modestum is shorter among stones than on uniform sand. Because movement and upright posture disrupt crypsis, we predicted that flight initiation distance is greater after movement and when standing than when still and lying on the ground. As predicted, flight initiation distances were shorter on a rocky than sandy area, when lying flat than standing, and while immobile than after moving. We measured running speed and flight initiation distance to determine relationships among body temperature, speed, and escape decisions. Running speed and flight initiation distance were reduced at lower body temperature, suggesting that crypsis reinforced by immobility is more advantageous than longer flight initiation distance for cool, slow lizards. The lizards adjusted escape decisions to current effectiveness of crypsis and escape ability.

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39

White, R. G., D. F. Holleman y B. A. Tiplady. "Seasonal body weight, body condition, and lactational trends in muskoxen". Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1989): 1125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-162.

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Seasonal patterns of body weight, fat, protein, milk quality (dry matter content), and milk production rate were determined for three sexually mature female muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) over three consecutive lactation periods. Females were allowed to graze in summer and had access to hay year-round. A high-protein pelleted ration supplemented this diet. Following calving in early May (1984, 1986) or June (1985), body weight remained constant throughout the summer, body fat declined for 3–5 weeks after calving, and body protein declined transiently during the latter period. Almost all annual gains in body weight and body fat occurred during the 6- to 8-week rutting period from mid-August to mid-October. High milk production (1.3–2.4 L/d) occurred 3 weeks post-calving, generally remained high for another month, and declined to 1.2 ± 0.15 L/d (mean ± SEM) just before the rut. A major decline in milk production, to 0.44 ± 0.050 L/d, occurred during the rut. Although milk dry matter increased 33% ± 4.3% during the rut, this increase was offset by the 60% ± 6.4% decline in milk production. All females successfully reproduced each year of the study and no evidence was found for a lactational anestrum. The hypothesis that gains in body weight must be made before the rutting period to maximize conception rate was rejected. This study highlighted the importance to lactating muskoxen of the late summer – early winter period for annual regain in body weight and body fat, which occurred concurrently with ovulation and conception.

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40

Cullinane, Danielle L., Tamjid A. Chowdhury y Kenneth C. Kleene. "Mechanisms of translational repression of the Smcp mRNA in round spermatids". REPRODUCTION 149, n.º 1 (enero de 2015): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0394.

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The protamine 1 (Prm1) and sperm mitochondria-associated, cysteine-rich protein (Smcp) mRNAs exemplify a widespread pattern of mRNA-specific regulation of mRNA translation in post-meiotic spermatogenic cells, spermatids. Both mRNAs are transcribed and initially stored in free-mRNPs in early spermatids, and translated on polysomes in late spermatids. In this study, we demonstrate that the 5′ and 3′-UTRs and the 3′ terminus of the Smcp 3′-UTR are required for normal repression of the Smcp mRNA in transgenic mice. RNA affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry sequencing identified Y-box protein 2 (YBX2/MSY2) as the major protein that interacts with the 3′ terminus of the Smcp 3′-UTR and a Y-box recognition sequence, GCCACCU, in the translation control element that is necessary for Prm1 mRNA repression. Depletion of YBX2 in Ybx2-null mice prematurely activates Prm1 and Smcp mRNA translation in early spermatids. Fluorescent in situ hybridization reveals that the Smcp intron, the Smcp mRNA, and both Smcp–Gfp transgenic mRNAs are strongly concentrated in the chromatoid body, and that theYbx2-null mutation does not eliminate the Smcp mRNA from the chromatoid body. This and previous findings suggest that the Smcp pre-mRNA is spliced and associates with YBX2 in the chromatoid body, and that repressed free-mRNPs are stored in the general cytoplasm. As YBX2 is the predominant protein in testis free-mRNPs, it likely represses many mRNAs in early spermatids. The mechanisms by which YBX2 represses the Smcp and Prm1 mRNAs are relevant to reproductive medicine because mutations in the human YBX2 gene correlate with abnormal protamine expression and male infertility.

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Liu, Jingwei, Lihuan Zhang y Rong Sun. "1-RAAP: An Efficient 1-Round Anonymous Authentication Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks". Sensors 16, n.º 5 (19 de mayo de 2016): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16050728.

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42

Li, Xiong, Jieyao Peng, Saru Kumari, Fan Wu, Marimuthu Karuppiah y Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo. "An enhanced 1-round authentication protocol for wireless body area networks with user anonymity". Computers & Electrical Engineering 61 (julio de 2017): 238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2017.02.011.

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43

Rawlings, Cassandra C., Sara E. Campbell y Nicholas E. Mandrak. "Body shape variation in round goby Neogobius melanostomus in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin". Environmental Biology of Fishes 104, n.º 9 (19 de agosto de 2021): 1089–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-021-01138-z.

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44

Davis, Philip, Peter R. Benson, Robert Waldock y Andrew J. Connorton. "Performance Analysis of Elite Female Amateur Boxers and Comparison With Their Male Counterparts". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, n.º 1 (enero de 2016): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0133.

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Female boxing debuted at the 2012 London Olympic Games. To better understand the performance aspects of the sport, video footage of eighteen 4 × 2-min bouts were analyzed. The boxers involved in the competition were of an elite level (mean ± SD), age 26.4 ± 4.6 y, height 169.3 ± 6.2 cm, and weight 60.3 ± 10.0 kg. Analysis revealed an activity rate of ~1.6 actions/s, including ~16 punches, ~3.3 defensive movements, and ~63 vertical hip movements, all per minute, over the 4 × ~132-s rounds (R). A 2 × 4 (outcome × round) ANOVA with repeated measures over the rounds was used to analyze the data. Winners maintained a higher activity rate in round 1 (R1) and R2; a higher movement rate in R2, R3, and R4; and an increased punch accuracy including the ratio of total punches to punches landed in R3 and air punches as a percentage of punches missed in R1 and R3. Specific techniques that discriminate between successful and unsuccessful female amateur boxers include the straight rear-hand and body punches, higher for winners in R1, as well as uppercut punches and defensive foot movements, higher for winners in R4. Findings highlight the current demands of elite amateur female boxing. These data will be useful for those designing training programs and may also be useful for guiding sport-specific fitness testing.

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45

Park, Hun-Young, Hoeryoung Jung, Seunghun Lee, Jeong-Weon Kim, Hong-Lae Cho y Sang-Seok Nam. "Estimated Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Based on Multistage 10-m Shuttle Run Test in Healthy Adults". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 16 (12 de agosto de 2021): 8510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168510.

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We aimed to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) based on a multistage 10 m shuttle run test (SRT) in healthy adults. For ANN-based VO2max estimation, 118 healthy Korean adults (59 men and 59 women) in their twenties and fifties (38.3 ± 11.8 years, men aged 37.8 ± 12.1 years, and women aged 38.8 ± 11.6 years) participated in this study; data included age, sex, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body composition (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), percent skeletal muscle, and percent body), 10 m SRT parameters (number of round trips and final speed), and VO2max by graded exercise test (GXT) using a treadmill. The best estimation results (R2 = 0.8206, adjusted R2 = 0.7010, root mean square error; RMSE = 3.1301) were obtained in case 3 (using age, sex, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, SBP, DBP, number of round trips in 10 m SRT, and final speed in 10 m SRT), while the worst results (R2 = 0.7765, adjusted R2 = 0.7206, RMSE = 3.494) were obtained for case 1 (using age, sex, height, weight, BMI, number of round trips in 10 m SRT, and final speed in 10 m SRT). The estimation results of case 2 (using age, sex, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, number of round trips in 10 m SRT, and final speed in 10 m SRT) were lower (R2 = 0.7909, adjusted R2 = 0.7072, RMSE = 3.3798) than those of case 3 and higher than those of case 1. However, all cases showed high performance (R2) in the estimation results. This brief report developed an ANN-based estimation model to predict the VO2max of healthy adults, and the model’s performance was confirmed to be excellent.

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46

Huo, Yuming, Defu Zhu, Zhonglun Wang y Xuanmin Song. "Numerical Investigation of Top Coal Drawing Evolution in Longwall Top Coal Caving by the Coupled Finite Difference Method-Discrete Element Method". Energies 14, n.º 1 (4 de enero de 2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010219.

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In longwall top coal caving (LTCC), the resource recovery ratio of the working face is directly determined by the top coal recovery ratio. An investigation of the evolution of top coal drawing characteristics and revealing the evolution of top coal drawing parameters is necessary when providing guidance for caving parameter selection and improving the top coal recovery ratio. Based on in-situ measurements of the size distribution of caved top coal blocks in Wangjialing coal mine, a finite difference method (FDM)–discrete element method (DEM) coupled method was applied to establish a “continuous–discontinuous” numerical model and the process from the first coal drawing to the common coal drawing was simulated with 17 separate working face advances. The evolution of the drawing body (DB), loose body (LB), and top coal boundary (TCB) was obtained. The results show that, the evolution of parameters of DB such as shape and size, drawing amount, length and deflection angle of the long axis of the profile ellipsoid tended to decrease first, then increase, decrease again, and finally stabilise; the increment of the LB advance coal wall distance and the coal pillar distance was close to 0 m in the common coal drawing stage, while width increment of the LB was close to the drawing interval (0.865 m). The TCB formed after each coal drawing round was fitted based on the improved “Hook” function. The evolution of height and radius of curvature of TCB’s stagnation point was analysed. This was divided into three stages: the first (first to third drawing rounds) was the initial mining influence stage, the second (fourth to ninth drawing rounds) was the transitional caving stage, and the third (after tenth drawing round) was the common coal drawing stage.

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47

Jurak, Meghan, Michelle Johnson, Lucas T. Neira, Joshua C. McCann y Daniel W. Shike. "45 Effects of Grazing Management Systems on Forage Quality, Forage Availability, and Cow Performance". Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (1 de mayo de 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.256.

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Abstract The objectives were to compare the effects of two rotational grazing systems on forage quality, forage availability, and cow performance. Multiparous, fall-calving beef cows (n = 360; BW = 597±62 kg) were stratified by body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), age, and sire and allotted to 6 groups. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 8-paddock system rotated every 5 d or 6-paddock system rotated every 7 d. All paddocks (6.1 ha) contained endophyte-infected tall fescue and were grazed in two rounds. Cow BW and BCS were obtained on d 0, 28, 56, and 84. Forage heights were measured using a rising plate meter upon the groups entering and exiting each paddock. Forage samples were clipped from each paddock for proximate analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. During the first and second grazing rounds, grazing management system had no effects (P ≥ 0.11) on dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude protein of the forage. The 8-paddock system tended (P = 0.09) to have greater forage availability than the 6-paddock system at the end of each rotation in the first round with 3,665 and 3,263 kg DM/ha, respectively. However, grazing system did not affect (P = 0.13) forage availability at the end of the rotation in the second round. Cow BW was not affected (P ≥ 0.63) by grazing system on d 0, 28, or 56. On d 84, cows rotationally grazed through an 8-paddock system had greater (P = 0.04) BW than those who grazed the 6-paddock system. Treatment had no effect (P ≥ 0.37) on BCS at any time point. In conclusion, grazing management system did not affect forage quality; however, the 8-paddock system resulted in greater forage availability which led to greater cow BW.

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48

Reist, J. D., R. A. Bodaly, R. J. P. Fudge, K. J. Cash y T. V. Stevens. "External scarring of whitefish, Coregonus nasus and C. clupeaformis complex, from the western Northwest Territories, Canada". Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1987): 1230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-191.

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Up to 40% of whitefish (Coregonus nasus and C. clupeaformis) sampled during spawning migrations from the area of the Mackenzie Delta, N.W.T., had external scars. Percent frequency of scarred individuals varied geographically from the Mackenzie mainstem and tributaries, where 20% were scarred, to Anderson river (2%), Cox Lake (16%), and Alaska (0–7%). Within the Mackenzie system fish captured at mainstem locations had approximately twice the frequency of scarring than did fish from tributary locations. Scars were classified as either slash or round type. Both scar types were located more frequently on the left side of the fishes and below the lateral line. Details of orientation and location on the body provided clues permitting the assignment of putative causation. Small round scars were restricted to locations with connections to the Arctic Ocean and were probably caused by the marine parasitic copepod Coregonicola or by Arctic lampreys (Lampetra japonica). Larger round scars were either the result of attacks by lampreys or by previous gill net capture. Unequal distribution and orientation on the body of slash scars indicated previous capture in gill nets or predation attempts by bears, birds, or piscivorous fishes.

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49

Nigrini, Mark J. "The Implications of the Similarity between Fraud Numbers and the Numbers in Financial Accounting Textbooks and Test Banks". Journal of Forensic Accounting Research 1, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2016): A1—A26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jfar-51465.

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ABSTRACT Accounting students learn financial accounting through examples. The examples in accounting textbooks, and the exam questions in the test banks, use round numbers excessively. After graduation, these individuals could be asked to audit client journal entries and to scan transactions to identify unusual items. They will be expected to realize that, in this context, those familiar round numbers are now red flags for fraud. This study reviews the auditing standards and the authoritative practice aids that state that inappropriate journal entries have characteristics that include round numbers and consistent ending digits. Four fraud schemes in which the investigation of the round numbers would have uncovered the frauds are then described. The realism of the numbers in accounting textbooks and test banks is then evaluated using Benford's Law, their round number frequencies, and their number duplications. This analysis finds that the first digits of the textbook numbers conform to Benford's Law, but the second digits do not. It also finds that textbooks frequently use numbers that are both large and round. The concluding discussion explains why round numbers might be used so often in accounting textbooks and includes recommendations aimed at remedying the round-number conundrum. Data Availability: The datasets were created by manually entering the textbook and test bank numbers into several spreadsheets. Each record in the final database includes the dollar amount, the chapter number, the page number, and a chapter-body or end-of-chapter-material indicator. The author will consider requests to share the data.

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50

Cooper, Anwen. "Other Types of Meaning: Relationships between Round Barrows and Landscapes from 1500 bc–ac 1086". Cambridge Archaeological Journal 26, n.º 4 (25 de octubre de 2016): 665–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774316000433.

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This paper is about Bronze Age round barrows and the ways in which they became caught up in human practices over an extended time period. At one level it belongs to a flourishing body of work that examines the ‘re-use’ or ‘biography’ of prehistoric monuments. Rather than treating the latter as a generic group, however, this study focuses on chronologies of one specific monument type—round barrows—over a 2600-year period from 1500 bc–ac 1086. By bringing together evidence and interpretations generated mainly within period specialisms, significant homogeneities are revealed in terms of how activities at prehistoric monuments have previously been understood. The possibilities for seeking out different interpretative ground are duly explored. Using a case study from the east of England and drawing on evidence and ideas from much more broadly, the approach taken places particular emphasis on examining relationships between round barrows and other aspects of landscape. The findings offer fresh insight into the temporality of activities undertaken at round barrows, question existing characterizations of past people's historical understandings, and explore the long-term coherence of ‘round barrows’ as a category.

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