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1
Damier, Vadim. "The Genoa Conference of 1922 Through the Eyes of Russian Anarchists". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n.º 2 (2023): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640025099-6.
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In the article the author examines the attitude of Russian anarchists and anarcho-syndicalists to the 1922 Genoa Conference and the participation of representatives of Soviet Russia in it. This subject has not received much coverage in the works of anarchism scholars, who have so far focused primarily on the study of the general stance of Russian anarchism towards the Soviet regime and the issue of the New Economic Policy, on the problem of anti-anarchist repressions in Russia and on the ideological and organisational processes in the Russian anarchist emigration. The author made it his task to identify the place that the critique of the “Genoa policy” of the Soviet government enjoyed in the ideological concepts and political work of the anarchists, and to trace the main line of their reasoning. The main source for this article was the original, mainly émigré, press of the Russian anarchists between 1922 and 1923. The author demonstrates that the Russian anarchists' view of the Genoa Conference was primarily determined by ideological motives and their general analysis of the course and fate of the Russian Revolution itself. Being anti-statists, the anarchists had no particular conception of foreign policy and were indifferent to so-called state interests. The “Genoa policy” was perceived by them as a manifestation and confirmation of the new Bolshevik course, in which they saw an orientation towards restoring the positions of private capital within Russia itself and towards subordination to world capital on an international scale. Planned or real concessions on the part of the Soviet delegation at the Conference and repression of Russian anarchists and socialists were, in their eyes, two sides of the “Bolshevik counter-revolution”. The criticism of Bolshevism mounted by the anarchist emigration in connection with and after the Genoa Conference contributed to the demarcation in the international trade union revolutionary-syndicalist movement and the founding of the anarcho-syndicalist International.
2
Matyukhin, A. y S. Mezencev. "The "World Revolution" in Russian Anarchism". Journal of Political Research 7, n.º 3 (17 de octubre de 2023): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2023-7-3-45-57.
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The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of the theory of the "world revolution" in the ideological and political heritage of Russian anarchism. Historical, comparative, hermeneutic methods of scientific research were actively used to write the article. The ideologists of Russian anarchism in their interpretation of the "world revolution" competed with Marxist doctrine, with its popular dialectical theory of socio-economic formations and class struggle, where the final stage of historical progress was to be the achievement of global communism. Rejecting the Marxist concept of "dictatorship of the proletariat", the Russian anarchists proceeded from an alternative methodology that emphasizes the primacy of natural, biological factors of social processes. According to anarchists, the basic factor of progress is the natural inclination of people to solidarity and mutual assistance. Hence the Russian anarchists opposed the natural nature of the evolution of mankind to any "forced" forms of social organization. This applied, first of all, to the institution of the state, regardless of its external form – communist, liberal-democratic, despotic. The basic parameters of the social ideal in the theory of Russian anarchism were the principles of anarchy and freedom, the building of social existence on the basis of self-organization, self-government and a global decentralized confederation structured "from the bottom up". The former territorial and political borders were abolished, nations were abolished. The anarchists saw the achievement of this ideal as an exclusively revolutionary way, gradually embracing all new countries, regions, continents. The article emphasizes the constant appeal of Russian anarchists to the arguments of universal morality - "freedom", "justice", "brotherhood", "justice", "equality" in justifying the need for a world anarchist revolution, which in practice turned into political abstractions with destructive consequences for societies. At the same time, the "secondary" ideology of Russian anarchism as an intellectual product is noted in relation to Marxism and natural science theories of the XVIII-XIX centuries, as well as the tendency of anarchists to utopian thinking, to speculative building of their global social ideal.
3
Semiglazov, Georgiy. "Lev Chernyi’s Anarchistic Sociometry". Sociological Journal 27, n.º 1 (26 de marzo de 2021): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2021.27.1.7847.
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Anarchist teachings have become popular in the modern world. Due to this fact, it is necessary to examine the history of this movement, because many important anarchists of the past are hardly known today. This article focuses on the ideas of Lev Chernyi (Pavel Dmitrievich Turchaninov), who was a Russian anarchist in the early 20th century. The author analyzes his program work “A New Direction in Anarchism: Associational Anarchism”, first published in 1907. The goal of the analysis is to introduce Chernyi not only as a dedicated anarchist, but also as a social scientist, familiar with the traditions of European sociology. Such a perspective is possible due to the terminology used by Turchaninov. In particular, the Russian anarchist divides social sciences into sociology and sociometry, defining the subject area for each field of knowledge. To reach the goal, it is necessary to answer several key questions of social sciences, namely, how Chernyi explains action, social order and social changes. The author claims that answers to these questions very well might be found in the work of Turchaninov. The conclusion is that Chernyi’s ideas are interesting not only for researchers of anarchism, but also for social scientists and philosophers, since Turchaninov has several concepts similar to the ideas of the classics of sociological thought.
4
Martynov, Mikhail. "The problem of the “border” in the anarchist discourse". Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 8, n.º 2 (21 de marzo de 2019): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3591.
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The subject of this paper is the problem of the “border” in the anarchist discourse. The analysis is based on a number of key texts written primarily by Russian anarchists from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first century. The author also examines some of the texts of contemporary American anarchism. The main attention is paid to three different aspects of the conceptualization of the “border” in the anarchist discourse: the anarchist idea of travel, the problem of the “border” in the context of the Russian languagespecific view of the world, as well as the “border” as a phenomenon of the text.
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Gerasimov, Nikolai I. "History of mystical anarchism (problem of periodization)". Philosophy Journal 15, n.º 1 (2022): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-161-175.
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The article explores the problem of periodization of mystical anarchism. The author suggests that most of the disagreements between modern researchers of the creative heritage of the 20th century anarchist-mystics is related to the absence of any historical and philosophical reference point or scheme. The article suggests viewing the whole history of the development of this phenomenon as an evolution of communities of thinkers who were equally close to anarchist and mystical ideas. Three periods are distinguished: 1) 1905–1907; 2) 1917–1930; 3) 1924–1939. In each period, the author analyzes the ideological principles of a particular community of mystical anarchists, their ability to influence the cultural landscape of their era, and their conceptual relationship with their predecessors/successors. The terms “mystical anarchist” and “anarcho-mystic” are used synonymously in this text. Particular attention is paid to the emigrant period in the history of mystical anarchists (the study is based on the analysis of periodicals of the Russian diaspora in the United States).
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Martynov, M. Yu. "“I Do not Believe in Anarchy.” To the Question of the Ideological Foundations of Egor Letov’s Works". Critique and Semiotics 38, n.º 2 (2020): 388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-388-400.
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The name of Egor Letov (1964–2008), one of the most famous Russian punks today, has a stable association with anarchism in the mass consciousness, with a protest against any form of power. Some of Letov’s texts and phrases (for example, “Kill the state in yourself!”) have acquired the character of precedent – they are identified and function as anarchist texts without necessarily referring to the original source. At the same time, there are elements in Letov’s works that are difficult to reconcile with an anarchist worldview, and in general, Letov’s anarchism is not obvious. For example, the theme of death, which is one of the key themes in Letov’s works, is hardly associated with anarchism, which takes the side of life. The main purpose of the article is to clarify Letov’s attitude to anarchism, to show the role and place of the anarchist worldview in his works. The author concludes that Letov’s works is either not anarchist enough (a turn towards nationalist views) or, on the contrary, too anarchist (a form of total protest). This situation is conditioned by structural peculiarities of anarchist theory. Classical anarchism has a Manichaean structure (S. Newman), as subject and power in it are clearly separated. Letov’s creativity is not anarchist in this Manichaean sense, which requires unambiguity and clarity of its elements. Despite the evasion of Manichaean binaryism, Letov’s texts are able to keep the link with anarchism. Letov’s anarchism has broader grounds and expresses a total protest against reality, which condenses freedom into a conventional communication framework, makes it predictable, and protects it from waste.
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SHRIVERS, JOERY. "ANARCHISM AND PHENOMENOLOGY". HORIZON / Fenomenologicheskie issledovanija/ STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE / STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY / ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES 10, n.º 2 (2021): 585–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2021-10-2-585-608.
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We offer an introductory article to the translation of Dutch philosopher Joery Schreivers’ work Phenomenologists and Anarchism, which deals with the reception of current foreign trajectories of phenomenological and akratic reflexions from the perspective of contemporary Russian academic discourse. In the light of this, an attempt is made to assess the significance and originality of J. Shrivers’ study, focused on the conceptual juxtaposition of two philosophical traditions: phenomenology and the philosophy of anarchism. The value of the author’s stated perspective, which provides an opportunity to revise the classical phenomenological texts, is articulated as being related to its methodological novelty—not only for the Russian-speaking space, but also for foreign philosophy; a review and analysis of the central theses of the article, related to the key figures of the line of succession of acrical reflection in the phenomenological tradition, which is outlined by the author, is given, including: M.Heidegger, R. Schürmann, E.Levinas, J.Derrida, J.-L.Nancy, J.-I.Lacoste, C.Romano and J.-L.Marion. The article also builds theoretical connections between the anarchist foundations of a number of phenomenological reflections identified by J. Schreivers and the ontological accoutrements of other current philosophical trends—for example, the actor-network theory and the polyphony of new materialisms.
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Rowley, Alison. "An Ephemeral Look at Russian Anarchist Life in the United States". Slavonic and East European Review 102, n.º 1 (enero de 2024): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/see.00003.
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Abstract: In September 1915, San Francisco resident Ernest Kundy received a picture postcard from an unnamed correspondent. Produced by the Anarchist Red Cross of Detroit, the postcard featured a depiction of the Bloody Sunday massacre which sparked Russia’s 1905 revolution and served as one of the most important episodes in the history of revolutionary martyrdom. By examining every aspect of the postcard this article reveals, layer by layer, its connections to Russian anarchist life in the United States. The article begins by analysing the image on the front, explaining how illustrations like the one in question by Fortunino Matania were turned into widely disseminated postcards that spread revolutionary messages well beyond Russian borders. Turning to the information on the back, the article next explores the history of the Anarchist Red Cross in the US and the role that it played in keeping anarchism alive for recent immigrants from Russia. Then the links between the sender’s handwritten message and an area of Chicago that features prominently in histories of immigrant life, the settlement movement and the US labour movement — Halsted Street — are considered. Finally, the connections between the recipient’s family and a 1915 bank robbery in California serve as a window into the history of Russian anarchist circles on the American West Coast.
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Тинус, Н. Н. "On the affinity of anthropology and anarchism". Вестник МИРБИС, n.º 4(28) (20 de diciembre de 2021): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25634/mirbis.2021.4.24.
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Статья посвящена взаимосвязи базовых установок анархизма и антропологии, которые анализируются сквозь призму проблемы политического воображения. В первую очередь в статье рассматриваются основные вехи становления .анархистской антропологии. (П. Кластр, Дж. Скотт, Д. Гребер и др.) — направления в антропологической науке, которое задействует свои политические предпосылки. Демонстрируется ее генетическая связь с идеями русских анархистов и идеологией народничества. Утверждается, что антропология снабжает политическую теорию эмпирическими примерами социальной жизни вне государства, и таким образом, улучшает радикальную мысль, сообщая ей позитивное содержание. В Приложении помещена статья Пьера Кластра .Вопрос о власти в первобытных обществах. в переводе автора настоящей статьи. The article is devoted to the relationship between anarchism and anthropology. This relationship is analyzed based on the problem of social imagination. The article examines the development of "anarchist anthropology" (P. Clastre, J. Scott, D. Greber etc.). Its genetic connection with the ideas of Russian anarchists and the ideology of narodniks is demonstrated. It is argued that anthropology provides political theory with empirical examples of social life outside the state, improves radical thought by imparting positive content to it. The Appendix contains an article by Pierre Clastres "The Question of Power in Primitive Societies" translated by the author of this article.
10
Confino, Michael. "1903-1914". Russian History 37, n.º 3 (2010): 179–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633110x510419.
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AbstractFrom the first years after 1900, the Russian anarchists debated the “question of the organization,” and examined how they should organize the movement so that they may carry on its political activities and secure freedom of expression and of spontaneous action both for its members and for the masses. Opposed as they were to all kind of hierarchic, centralized, and pyramidal types of organization, most of the Russian anarchists preferred the creation of independent and autonomous groups whose members would be linked by a community of ideas and feelings. (The first groups appeared in Russia in 1903.) Under the influence of classical anarchist thinkers like Bakunin, Kropotkin, and Malatesta, some of them saw in anarchism not only an ideology, but a way of life, and tried to create cells in the image of the future society. Everyday realities compelled many of them to adopt more efficient and practical solutions. The most frequent terms used in their vocabulary (and examined here) reveal their state of mind and ways of action, terms such as self-rule, initiative, autonomous action, independence, creativity, and free activity. Their groups were usually homogenous in terms of their social, educational, and national or ethnic composition. They rejected the practice of collecting members' fees or donations. As a result they faced the problem of how to finance their activities. A major debate ensued whether or not to use “expropriations” (eksy), armed attacks on state institutions or private enterprises, for gathering funds, and how such actions were viewed by the masses. The Revolution of 1905, in which the anarchists participated actively, had important repercussions on their views and ways of organizing.
11
Anatoly SHTYRBUL. "The Latest Research on Russian Anarchism". Social Sciences 51, n.º 004 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/ssc.64325736.
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Anatoly SHTYRBUL. "The Latest Research on Russian Anarchism". Social Sciences 51, n.º 004 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/ssc.64249036.
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Drabiński, Maciej. "Problem degeneracji w myśli anarchistycznej P. Kropotkina". Świat Idei i Polityki 18, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 209–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/siip201912.
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Peter Kropotkin was one of the most theorists of anarchism, a respected scholar and a leading representative of the so-called Russian (Eastern) Darwinism. Merging political and scientific ambition by the “anarchist prince” underlaid his scientism and was an assumption for making a critical analysis of existing socio-economic reality in the light of its influence on the biological and moral condition of humankind. The Russian anarchist was convinced about the destructive influence of conditions produced by the state and capitalism which he found as the fundamental cause of human degeneration. In this context, Kropotkin’s political proposals may be seen as a try to overcome a progressing both biological and moral crisis of humankind. The aim of this article is to present the mentioned analysis and to demonstrate the influence and similarities of Kropotkin’s project to the so-called theory of degeneration that was popular in the second half of XIX century.
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RAKHMANINOVA, MARIA. "FREEDOM AND (CO)BEING: AN-ARCHE’S ROUTES THROUGH THE LANDSCAPES OF PHENOMENOLOGY. PREFACE TO JOERY SHRIVERS’ ARTICLE “ANARCHISM AND PHENOMENOLOGY”". HORIZON / Fenomenologicheskie issledovanija/ STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE / STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY / ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES 10, n.º 2 (2021): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2021-10-2-577-584.
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We offer an introductory article to the translation of Dutch philosopher Joery Schreivers’ work Phenomenologists and Anarchism, which deals with the reception of current foreign trajectories of phenomenological and akratic reflexions from the perspective of contemporary Russian academic discourse. In the light of this, an attempt is made to assess the significance and originality of J. Shrivers’ study, focused on the conceptual juxtaposition of two philosophical traditions: phenomenology and the philosophy of anarchism. The value of the author’s stated perspective, which provides an opportunity to revise the classical phenomenological texts, is articulated as being related to its methodological novelty—not only for the Russian-speaking space, but also for foreign philosophy; a review and analysis of the central theses of the article, related to the key figures of the line of succession of acrical reflection in the phenomenological tradition, which is outlined by the author, is given, including: M.Heidegger, R. Schürmann, E.Levinas, J.Derrida, J.-L.Nancy, J.-I.Lacoste, C.Romano and J.-L.Marion. The article also builds theoretical connections between the anarchist foundations of a number of phenomenological reflections identified by J. Schreivers and the ontological accoutrements of other current philosophical trends—for example, the actor-network theory and the polyphony of new materialisms.
15
Aladyshkin, Ivan Vladimirovich. "The good old history of Russian anarchism". Российская история, n.º 6 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2949124x23060111.
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Fadeev, Aleksandr O. "Cooperation and Mutual Assistance: The Search for Fundamentals of Building of New Social Relationships (Political and Legal Views of P.A. Kropotkin, Theorist of Russian Anarchism of the Last Quarter of the XIX to the Early XX Century)". History of state and law 2 (11 de febrero de 2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2021-2-74-80.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the institution of cooperation in the teachings of P.A. Kropotkin, who transferred its basic political and legal principles of the device to the concept of anarchism he was developing. Based on the provisions of social reconstruction, put forward by R. Owen, Petr Alekseevich adapted his ideas for his own theory, with its inherent positive and negative features. Kropotkin did not have separate works devoted to cooperation, but he did his best to draw attention to the importance of this institution in rebuilding society on anarchist principles. The basis of cooperation, according to Petr Alekseevich, was customary law, developed by society itself, without state intervention. The result of the study was that the self-government of communes in Kropotkin’s theory of anarchism was based on the principles of the institution of cooperation.
17
Prokazin, Viktor V. "Russian Anarchism on the Sociological Theory of Progress". Теория и практика общественного развития, n.º 8 (30 de agosto de 2023): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2023.8.7.
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The article examines the views of Russian anarchist sociology representatives – M.A. Bakunin, P.A. Kropotkin, and P.N. Tkachev – on the problem of progress. In the light of the unfolding discourse on national ideology and sovereignty of Russian social sciences in the history of Russian sociological thought, the study of the discussion of progress in the sociology of the pre-Soviet period remains relevant. It is emphasized that anarchist theories of progress are based on an evolutionist approach to the understanding of the historical process, and social progress is interpreted linearly. As the main criterion and ideal of progressive development, the individual free-dom of everyone is singled out, the consequence of which is the freedom of the whole society. The mechanism of progress includes the interaction of objective (natural and social) factors and creative activity of people. The way to achieve the ideal of progress is proclaimed to be social revolution, understood by the authors in a large-ly voluntaristic way.
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Ryabov, Peter Vladimirovich. "The first fundamental and honest study in Russia about the Russian anarchism". Российская история, n.º 6 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2949124x2306010x.
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Bezarov, Oleksandr. "The Question about the Motives of the Assassination of P. A. Stolypin". Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія 2, n.º 48 (15 de diciembre de 2018): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2018.48.111-121.
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The assassination attempt on the life of P. A. Stolypin, the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire, on September 1, 1911 in Kyiv, made by D. G. Bogrov, a former member of the Kyivan organization of anarchists-communist and secret agent of the Kyiv Security Section of the Police Department, can be considered one of the most mysterious events in the history of late imperial Russia. Despite a large number of published archival documents on the history of this case, in modern historical science there is no unambiguous answer to the questions about the true motives that pushed D. G. Bogrov to commit this violent murder. According to the author, in the motives of the assassination of P. A. Stolypin by D. G. Bogrov, the factor of nationality of the terrorist played some role. D. G. Bogrov, a typical representative of the assimilated Russian-Jewish intellectuals did not become a convinced revolutionary; instead he lacked public recognition of his personal ambitions to satisfy which having the status of a Jewish citizen appeared to be not so simple. Public suicide in the form of an assassination attempt on the life of the famous Russian reformer became for D. G. Bogrov a tragic finale in his painful processes of finding ways to overcome the crisis of identity.
Keywords: D. G. Bogrov, P. A. Stolypin, Kyiv, Jews, Russian empire, terrorism, anarchism
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Janis, Michael. "“The Bet” against Nihilism: The Intellectual Journey in Chekhov’s Short Fiction". Interdisciplinary Literary Studies 23, n.º 4 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 477–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.23.4.0477.
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Abstract Anton Chekhov’s “The Bet” (1889) may be considered a latter-day conte- philosophique, as a symbolic engagement with the philosophical challenges presented by nihilism and anarchism that reverberated through Russia since the 1860s. Occasionally assigned in literature classes and alluded to by political pundits, the story nonetheless has not been recognized by critics as a masterpiece of irony and existential inquiry, influenced by countervailing currents of nineteenth-century philosophy. Considered in this article in the broader context of the Chekhovian intellectual journey, the fascinating yet unsettling quest for wisdom described in “The Bet” reflects a pivotal era of the Russian elite, suspended between bourgeois indifference and philosophical recognition.
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Polyakov, D. B. "ANARCHISM, POSTANARCHISM AND THE PROBLEM OF VIOLENCE". Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, n.º 4 (2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-4-102.
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The article is devoted to the actual and, perhaps, even painful topic of political violence considered through the prism of contemporary anarchist thought and, in particular, through the understanding of violence in the theory of postanarchism. The aim is to fixate with using the historical-philosophical descriptive approach the intensification of conflict discourse in contemporary radical political philosophy, as well as a specific postanarchist articulation of such type of violence, which would imply going beyond the logic of a standard encounter of opposing political forces. Such articulation in works of the leading theorist of post-anarchism S. Newman is accompanied by the reception of the conceptual apparatus of the German thinker W. Benjamin. The resulting thesis of this work can be considered as the conjugation of the increasing politicization of life with the tendency to think of politics and the political in terms of antagonism, war and, ultimately, violence. In other words, if the political is thought in this way, it can be assumed that the growing politicization of practically all aspects of life is fraught with similar impulses. In the context of the above, the consideration of postanarchism seems not only adequate as an example of reflecting current trends in political philosophy, but also from the point of view of novelty, because the postanarchist theory as such is rather poorly covered in the Russian academia. From this, firstly, the practical significance follows, because the article gives a notion of the little-studied phenomenon of Western political thought, which correlates with the realities of contemporary politics. Secondly, this work sets a number of vectors for further research concerning both the relationship between the theory and practice of contemporary protest movements and the reaction of state institutions to them. In addition, further work on the problematization of the theory of post-anarchism itself, which is not distinguished by uniqueness and homogeneity due to its own methods and approaches (anti-essentialism, deconstructivism, micro-political analysis, etc.), can also become perspective. Therefore, subsequent development of the topic with the involvement of a larger number of primary sources on the postanarchist theory seems to be significant.
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Velásquez Sabogal, Paúl Marcelo. "The problem of classification of graphic art of anarchist periodicals of the turn of the XIX–XX centuries." Культура и искусство, n.º 6 (junio de 2022): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2022.6.35993.
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The subject of the study is the existing classification of graphic art of anarchist periodicals of the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. The object of the research is publications devoted to the problem of compiling a classification of works of graphic art of anarchism. These are the works of R. and E. Herbertov, A. Dardel, L. Litvak, J. Godard-Davant, K. Ferguson - foreign experts in the field of anarchist graphics. There are no domestic publications on this topic. The author of the article pays special attention to the similarity in approaches to the classification of different authors and the existing gaps in this field of art criticism in order to determine further prospects for the study of the issues under consideration. The scientific novelty of the work is to clarify the classification trends not systematized in Russian historiography, proposed in the literature in English, French and Spanish, on the basis of which a methodological basis for the analysis of the topic is being developed. The methods used in the work are as follows: analysis of historiography in order to identify existing approaches to the study of graphics of anarchist periodicals; comparative analysis, which allows us to compare the two main trends (according to the thematic-iconographic and figurative-thematic principle) with each other, finding further perspectives of interpretation and existing gaps. The results of the study reveal the existing tradition of classification, the authors of which promote their methods, preventing the emergence of other approaches and types of classification that can shed light not only on the image of an anarchist, but also on the peculiarities of the dialogue between anarchist graphics and the artistic avant-garde.
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Zubarev, Ivan Yur'evich. "The disarmament of anarchists in the provinces of the Central Chernozem region in the spring of 1918 (based on the materials of the Orel and Voronezh provinces)." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, n.º 6 (junio de 2023): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2023.6.69253.
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The article examines the confrontation of the armed anarchist detachments of the "Black Guard" with the Bolsheviks in the spring of 1918. The causes and features of the emergence of anarchist detachments, the position of anarchists in the political arena of the country in 1917 - early 1918 are illustrated. The author gives an assessment of some early Soviet studies on "anarchist uprisings" in the provinces of the Central Chernozem region. After the February and October revolutions of 1917, anarchism in Russia embarked on a new path of development, which was characterized by attempts to unite and create a single combat force to protect the "revolutionary gains" from the interventionists and White Guard forces. The object of the study is the history of the anarchist movement in the Central Chernozem region during the establishment of Soviet power. The subject of the study is the armed actions of anarchists against the authorities in Orel and Voronezh in March-April 1918. The methodological basis is the consideration of historical phenomena and their interrelations in the context of the studied time (the principle of historicism). A comparative historical method was used to establish the similarities and distinctive features of the armed actions of anarchists in Orel and Voronezh. The article attempts to comprehensively study the history of the anarchist movement in the Central Black Earth region. The author analyzes only a small fragment of this topic. The spring of 1918 was a period of the defeat of anarchist detachments and organizations throughout Russia, these processes took place on the territory of the Central Chernozem region. Based on the works of his predecessors and memoir sources, the features of the defeat of the anarchist detachments in Orel and Voronezh are analyzed. During the analysis, it was possible to demonstrate that the anarchists were only part of the rebel forces, consisting of detachments arriving from the Ukrainian front, dissatisfied with the supply. Some Soviet authors often saw in these speeches a "Socialist-Revolutionary" conspiracy" or assigned the anarchists a leading role, making them the main instigators of uprisings. Which, according to the author, is an erroneous position.
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Astvatsaturov, Andrey y Olga Voytsekhovskaya. "Russian Rhizome of American Modernism: Concerning the Problem of Henry Miller’s Anarchism". Literature of the Americas, n.º 4 (2018): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2018-4-163-183.
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Goodwin, James Frank. "Russian Anarchism and the Bolshevization of Bakunin in the Early Soviet Period". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 8, n.º 3 (2007): 533–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2007.0035.
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Glukhovskaia, Elena Aleksandrovna. "A GLIMPSE OF THE HISTORY OF THE LITERARY DISPUTES OF 1907–1908: "THE RUSSIAN ARTIST MAGAZINE"". Russkaya literatura 2 (2023): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2023-2-205-214.
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In the years 1907–1908, against the background of the confrontation between the leading Symbolist periodicals and the writers’ disputes in Moscow and St. Petersburg regarding the «mystical Anarchism», the poets consolidated around the Vesy (Libra) magazine (Yu. Baltrušaitis, Andrei Bely, V. Hoffmann, A. Kursinsky, M. Likiardopulo, Ellis); they were looking for alternative publishing solutions that would incorporate related creative spheres. The article deals with the history of their collaboration with the magazine Russkii Artist (The Russian Artist), edited by P. N. Mamontov.
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Zoffmann Rodriguez, Arturo. "An Uncanny Honeymoon: Spanish Anarchism and the Bolshevik Dictatorship of the Proletariat, 1917–22". International Labor and Working-Class History 94 (2018): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547918000066.
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AbstractThe Russian Revolution became a beacon flare for anti-capitalists across the world, including many anarchists. The Spanish anarcho-syndicalists became ardent supporters of Bolshevism, and many endorsed the concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat. Here, I try to arrive at a political and historical understanding of this uncanny honeymoon, and question empirical explanations that present it as a simple misunderstanding. I firstly historicize the evolution of the concept of the workers’ dictatorship in the Spanish labor movement and assess it through the prism of the antagonism between the anarchists and socialists. I then set the reception of the Russian Revolution in the context of social ferment that emerged in Spain after 1917, which generated enormous enthusiasm and clouded theoretical differences. I finally relate the reception of the Soviet dictatorship to the intensification of class violence in these years, which rendered many anarchists hospitable to the authoritarian methods of the Bolsheviks.
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Zubarev, Ivan Yu. "THE PEASANT QUESTION IN RUSSIAN ANARCHISM IN THE PERIOD OF THE FIRST RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THE STOLYPIN REFORM". Известия Воронежского государственного педагогического университета, n.º 1 (2022): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47438/2309-7078_2022_1_150.
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Koroleva, Svetlana. "Soul — Anguish — Perfection: Oscar Wilde’s Dialogue with Kropotkin and Dostoevsky". Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin, n.º 52 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-52-4-112-126.
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Much has already been said about the ‘Russian theme’ in Oscar Wilde’s works. Yet the question concerning Russian sources of the motifs of anguish and the soul’s way to perfection has not yet been cleared up sufficiently. The article aims at defining the particular character of appropriating Petr Kropotkin’s philosophy of anarchism in Wilde’s works in the context of its reference to the notions of ‘Nihilism’ and ‘self-sacrifice’, and through them, to Dostoyevsky’s novels. The basic material of the research is Wilde’s essay ‘Man’s Soul under Socialism’ and his early play ‘Vera; or, The Nihilists’. The key method used in the research is comparative analysis (in the way it is used in comparative literature). The author argues that in these texts, the motifs of Christian self-sacrifice and anguish bring Nihilism (understood as Kropotkin-style anarchism) together with the spiritual psychology of Dostoyevsky and that the way to inner perfection in Wilde’s philosophy of individualism is connected with the concepts of soul, man, and society the writer formulates based on Kropotkin and Dostoevsky. Bringing the notion of ‘soul’ close to the notion of ‘socialism,’ defining Christ as a perfect personality, treating pain and anguish in contemporary society as a way to this sort of person-ality, and opposing inner feelings to outer morals, Wilde combines the philosophy of individ-ualism with the pathos of Kropotkin’s doctrine of anarchism: moral, even Christian at its core. He also adheres to the idea of resurrecting inner morals through anguish and compassion: the idea he appropriated from Dostoyevsky. As a result, in Wilde’s essay the doctrine of individ-ualism turns into a doctrine of the soul’s natural Christianity (holiness) and of resurrection in perfection through a ‘true Socialism.’ In Wilde’s play ‘Vera; or, The Nihilists’ the motifs of personal love and social pain, connected with social disorder and common unhappiness, con-stitute the very image of contemporary man’s way to personal perfection that is philosophical-ly described in his essay nearly ten years later.
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Sukhikh, Vasily y Serghey Vazhenin. "Actualization of Economic Ideas of P.A. Kropotkin in the 21st Century". Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 24, n.º 3 (6 de octubre de 2023): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2023.24(3).455-476.
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Kropotkin, thanks to his encyclopedic knowledge, was able to create a whole body of works, laying a comprehensive scientific foundation for anarchism and studying possible ways of practical implementation of anarchist ideas. Kropotkin’s economic ideas were kept in secret for a long time and were inaccessible to the Russian reader. Now, Kropotkin’s books stir constant and increasing interest among domestic economists. The relevance and prospects of Kropotkin’s approach to understanding the importance of mutual assistance in the economy, his research on ethics and collaboration, are highly appreciated. With the development of digital technologies, Kropotkin’s ideas about voluntary collaboration and altruism are being embodied in the practice of networking. Kropotkin’s views on the shortcomings of public administration, on the importance of cooperation and self-sufficiency of regions, on the perniciousness of specialization and division of labor are becoming particularly relevant today. It is necessary to note the importance of Kropotkin’s Siberian work experience in the formation of his worldview and teaching. It can be stated that Kropotkin returns to us as an actual thinker and economist, and his ideas about mutual aid, cooperation, community federations, regional independence, interregional collaboration, etc. will be increasingly in demand by both scientists and practitioners of social and economic management.
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Nikishin, Vladimir y Elena Galyashina. "Columbine Subculture as a Threat to Information Security". SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022): 00082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400082.
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This study is based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, monitoring of social networks, analysis of media materials and theoretical works of Russian and foreign scholars on the topic of school shooting. The paper presents characteristics of the columbine subculture at the present stage of its development in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet. The authors describe the main provisions that form the basis of the ideology of school shooting, substantiates that this ideology has an expressed political essence and has signs of a terrorist ideology. The authors analyse the relationship between the propaganda of school shooting and the propaganda of other destructive subcultures (right-wing and leftist-anarchism, incels, AUE (an extremist organization banned in the Russian Federation), etc.). They come to the conclusion that the columbine subculture in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet, on the one hand, intersects, merges with other (sometimes diametrically opposed) destructive movements that promote hatred, enmity and (or) violence, and, on the other hand, opposes itself to other destructive ideologies.
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Kigel, T. "Contrastive Analysis of English, Russian, and Hebrew Red Idioms". Язык и текст 8, n.º 2 (2021): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2021080210.
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The paper studied 130 colorative idioms with colorative red (RI) in three languages from electronic sources, with a focus on current vocabulary from the 20th and 21st centuries. RIs numerous meanings were investigated, then merged into trilingual associative chains, and finally into seven microsystems, using statistical, comparative, linguistic, and linguistic-cultural analysis methods within the framework of the linguocultural approach to RI: Blood color-activity-disease-medical care-shame-irritation - anger - aggression - crime - murder; Fire - attractiveness; Danger - prohibition – border- red-green; Revolution - anarchism-communism; Prestige- holiday; Sex; Red object's color. We also found trilingual extra-associative RIs, which have meanings not found in the associative chains. The study examined RI quantitatively, identifying trilingual equivalent and lacunar idioms, linked between RI and red in nature, noting the formation of new RI meanings and connotation changes in three languages through time. Polysemy, antinomy with different hues (green, black, white, and blue), international neologisms (computer technology, the stock market, the coronavirus pandemic), and the relevance of RI in modern languages and linguistic culture were the topics covered in this research.
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Крыков, Е. А. "Анархия-в-деревне: переосмысление «сельского» как нового либертарного устройства общества / “In-Village Anarchy”: Rethinking “Rural” as a New Libertarian Way of Social Living". Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), n.º 2024 № 2 (junio de 2024): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2024-2/67-85.
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Идеи либертарной идеологии «зеленого» анархизма, в основе которой лежит радикальная критика городского индустриального производства и связанной с ним переориентации системы ценностей человека в капиталистическом обществе, находят свое выражение в создании экологических поселений, организованных по принципам неирархического и экологического сознания автономных хуторов как сетевых единиц и разработки горизонтальных социальных связей. В статье предлагается к рассмотрению анархистское переосмысление «сельского» в контексте практик освоения не-городского пространства с целью построить новое общество. Автор анализирует сквоттинг как специфический метод и философию в контексте опыта мировых проектов городских и сельских анархических объединений, включая мировые проекты идейных общин и соотнося его с ситуацией в России. На основе выводов о собранной информации от активистов по российской сквот-коммуне Сквошино анализируются особенности быта современных строителей анархии-в-деревне и рассматривается «новизна» иной формы устройства общества как декларируемой альтернативы провальной анархии-в-городе и городскому образу жизни в целом. The ideas of the “green” anarchism libertarian ideology, based on a radical criticism of urban industrial production and the associated reorientation of the human value system in a capitalist society, find their expression in ecological settlements, organized according to the principles of non-hierarchical and ecological consciousness of autonomous homesteads as network units and development of horizontal social connections. This article proposes to consider the anarchist rethinking of the “rural” in the context of the practices of developing non-urban space in order to build a new society. The author analyzes squatting as a specific method and philosophy in the context of the experience of global projects of rural and urban anarchist communities, including global projects of ideological communes and comparing this experience with the situation in Russia. The paper analyzes the collected information from activists in the Russian squat commune Skvoshino and provides reflection on the life of modern builders of “in-village anarchy” and the “novelty” of a different form of social structure as a declared alternative to the “failed in-city anarchy” and the urban way of life in general.
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Fedotov, M. A. ""Sworn" friends: Russia and Germany in M. Bakunin’s political journalism". Post-Soviet Issues 8, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2021): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2021-8-4-480-491.
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M.A. Bakunin is known all over the world as one of the founding fathers and major theorists of anarchism. His ideas of social revolution and future stateless society have become the subject of reflection for succeeding generations of revolutionaries, theorists and researches. However, some aspects of Bakunin’s creative legacy haven’t been explored yet. The article is dedicated to the analysis of the issue of Russian-German relations and their reflection in Bakunin’s political journalism. Both famous and little known works were analyzed. The author concludes that Bakunin considers Germany as embodiment of the idea of the State. This idea, in turn, is antagonistic to the thinker’s global goal — the social revolution.
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Morozova, Olga M. "At the Head of the Black Banner Army: Marusya Nikiforova in 1917–18". Herald of an archivist, n.º 1 (2022): 164–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-164-185.
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The article presents the author’s search for and systematization of miscellaneous materials on campaign record of the Marusya Nikiforova’ unit on the territories of the Kherson and Yekateroslav gubernias and the Province of the Don Cossack Host. The name of Maria Grigorievna Nikiforova is inextricably linked with the history of Russian anarchism; her activities still serve as an illustration of the events of the Civil War in Russia. The article uses information from memoirs of the participants in revolutionary events written in the 1920s. It establishes main points in detachment’s movement through the cities and towns of the South of Russia from autumn 1917 to summer 1918. The collected materials show that the detachment size ranged from 100 to 500 people, fluctuating under the influence of military circumstances. The popularity of M. Nikiforova was served by her own actions aiming to make her name known. The anarchist deliberately brought about a bloody phase of social conflict, establishing the practice of requisitions and “unmotivated” executions. In September–October 1917, she contributed to radicalization of another anarchist, N. I. Makhno. Her detachment was formed in November 1917 in Aleksandrovsk, Yekaterinoslav gubernia. In December 1917, it took part in battles with the Haidamaks. In February 1918, during the demobilization of the old army, Marusya’s detachment moved to strengthen the front. In Yelisavetgrad, Kherson gubernia, Nikiforova proceeded with requisitions, provoking street battles with the city's Red Guard and self-defense units. Her allies were reserve detachment of the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets under the command of A. M. Belenkevich and the Red Guard detachment of Yekaterinoslav workers. She retreated under the Austro-German troops’ pressure together with the Bolshevik—Left SRs—anarchist detachments following the railway line of Yelisavetgrad—Krivoy Rog (Dolgintsevo)—Melitopol—Taganrog—Novocherkassk. Clashes with enemy units were unfortunate for Nikiforova. Her detachment was losing numbers and military equipment. Combat successes were insignificant. Marusya’s detachment arrived at Tsaritsyn, bleeding and exhausted. It did not participate in the robbery of the “golden” echelon of the Don Council of People's Commissars. Unlike commanders of other detachments, who retreated from the territory of Ukraine, Maria Nikiforova did not fight as part of the Red Army. Nikiforova’s name became an element of mass consciousness in the days of the revolution. The legendary veil encourages exaggeration of her role in the military events. She had a direct, albeit short-term, impact on expanding of the boundaries of the “permissible” in an internal armed conflict in Russia.
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Malinkin, Alexander N. "On the nature of void, rising on the place of marxism-leninism from the beginning of the 1990s. Study on the sociology of knowledge". Sociological Journal 25, n.º 3 (2019): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2019.25.3.6674.
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This article examines the history of Russian sociology from the viewpoint of sociology of knowledge, specifically the period of history from the early 1990’s to the mid-2000’s. The external historical context, as well as the internal mental and theoretical-methodological consequences associated with the fall of Marxist-Leninist ideology are all analyzed. Digressing from the emotional psychological experiences and value judgments of sociologists, the author sees an ideological challenge in the void that arose in place of Marxism-Leninism. His focus is on the actual responses to this challenge in the form of attempts made by Russian sociologists to fill and comprehend said void. In particular, the author touches upon the “polyparadigmatic approach” concept proposed by V.A. Yadov, in association with the controversy that arose between him and the creator of this concept. The author considers the “epistemological anarchism” doctrine by P. Feyerabend and finds that it has a lot in common with the concept of a “polyparadigm approach”.
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Osipova, N. G. "Ideological impact on social behavior: theoretical and methodological aspects (Continuation)". Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 29, n.º 1 (16 de febrero de 2023): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2023-29-1-7-35.
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In this article, the author attempts to analyze the key components of radical ideological constructs that directly or indirectly justify ways to solve social problems in a radical and, as a rule, illegitimate way. Among such ideologies, researchers include anarchism and socialism, which are discussed in detail in this article.The English political philosopher W. Godwin is considered the pioneer of anarchism, and the first researcher who called himself an “anarchist” and introduced the term “anarchism” into circulation was the French socialist P.-J. Proudhon. Each country in Europe, North or South America and Asia has its own publicists, writers, public figures who defend anarchist views, anarchism has a long history in Russia, where the classics of anarchism grew up – M.A. Bakunin and P.A. Kropotkin.The author analyzes the theoretical core of anarchism, which is formed by a number of radical political constructions – anti-statism, natural order, anti-clericalism and a free economy. At the same time, it is noted that all anarchists categorically assert that both power and private property are the cause of all human misfortunes, and, as a rule, they identify themselves with the “poor and oppressed”. They call for a revolution on behalf of the “exploited masses”, as a result of which both capitalism and the state will be wiped off the face of the earth, actively promote “ anarchy and anarchist tactics”. By anarchist tactics is meant such a merciless violent struggle that will sweep away in its path all the institutions of slavery of the old system and all their representatives and defenders in order to create a new, free system, for the spirit of destruction is at the same time a creative spirit.The article also examines in detail the origins, essence and fundamental components of the socialist ideology, the radical varieties of which include Marxism and communism.The author substantiates the position that, in general, the ideology of socialism is close to the ideology of communism. However, the communist ideal is more radical: the communists advocate the complete socialization of production, the complete rejection of private property (in all forms) and the centralized distribution of benefits, which takes place within the framework of a specially organized form of government – the commune. Under communism, absolute equality of people must be established, a kind of ideal society must be established, where everyone will work to the best of their abilities and receive everything they need from society. It is this aspect of communism that is the pipe dream of its supporters, leaving it a social utopia, while the ideology of socialism put forward more specific and achievable goals.The fundamental economic, social and political reasons are analyzed, due to which the practical implementation of the ideology of socialism – the “socialist experiment” of the 20th century ended in complete failure. It is shown that it is the socialist ideology that significantly simplifies the transition to a totalitarian political system.
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POTNITSEVA, Tetiana. "THE SOUNDS OF SWEET FREEDOM: THE ECHOES OF INTERNATIONAL IN THE EUROPEAN LITERATURE AT THE END OF THE 19th THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY". Astraea 4, n.º 1 (2023): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/astraea.2023.4.1.05.
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The investigation focuses on the conceptual lines of the Communists hymn “International” in the light of their estimation by European writers of the end of the XXth the beginning of the XXth century. The analysis of the explicit and implicit meaning of the hymn which many writers of the time thought over proves their ambiguous attitude towards revolutionary, radical way in achieving freedom and happiness. Being witnesses of the end of the heroic Revolutionary epoch, and carrying the decadence world view they expressed their great doubt both in the “bloody battles” for everlasting freedom (even by “ruining everything to the end”) and in the slow reforming of the social structure. That ambiguous and doubtful position is found in the works of E. Zola, A. France, B. Shaw and O. Wilde who sometimes in ironic, parody form expressed their position simultaneously believing and hesitating in the possibility for a mankind to achieve freedom and social justice. The investigation focuses on the first drama by O. Wilde “Vera, or the Nihilists” (1880) practically unknown to the readers and fans of O. Wilde’s art. This play is based on the story of the conspiracy of Russian nihilists against monarchic power. In that one can feel an obvious impact on the English writers of the ideas and art of Dostoevsky, Turgenev, revolutionary, anarchist movement in Russia as well as in Europe. But the phenomenon of anarchism excited O. Wilde mostly as a manifestation of the universal evil which finds shelter in anyone’s soul. However, the amorphous and unexpressed position concerning that world evil is, according to O. Wilde, no less dangerous than the revolutionary fanaticism with its sing-password “trough blood to freedom”. Nihilism in O. Wilde’s interpretation is presented as a generalized image of such a despotic power that is unnatural for human relations. His first play demonstrates clearly the very problem over which everyone was thinking about at Wilde’s time while witnessing the results of the revolutionary century approaching its end. This problem is being topical since the 1930s when the development of the international anarchist movement in Europe was given a new push.
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Zimmer, K. "Premature Anti-Communists?: American Anarchism, the Russian Revolution, and Left-Wing Libertarian Anti-Communism, 1917-1939". Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 6, n.º 2 (19 de mayo de 2009): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-2008-058.
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Polenberg, Richard. "Progressivism and Anarchism: Judge Henry D. Clayton and the Abrams Trial". Law and History Review 3, n.º 2 (1985): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743635.
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A highly symbolic confrontation occurred in a New York City courtroom on October 21, 1918. On the witness stand was Jacob Abrams, a thirty-two year old Russian immigrant, an alien, a Jew, a dedicated anarchist. On the bench sat Henry DeLamar Clayton, Jr., a sixty-one year old federal judge, a man who had represented Alabama in Congress for eighteen years, and who was an ardent Wilsonian progressive. Abrams, who came from Uman, a village near Odessa, had landed at Ellis Island in 1908. He worked as a bookbinder, and lived, in 1918, in a teeming, largely Jewish ghetto in East Harlem. Clayton's ancestors had emigrated to the colonies before the American Revolution. A fifth-generation American, he had lived, for most of his life, on his plantation near Eufala, a small town on the west bank of the Chattahoochee River. Now, Clayton was questioning the witness and Abrams was defending his anarchist beliefs. ‘This Government was built on a revolution’, Abrams said, ‘…When our forefathers of the American Revolution—’ That was as far as he got. ‘Your what?’ Judge Clayton interrupted. ‘My forefathers’, Abrams replied. ‘Do you mean to refer to the fathers of this nation as your forefathers?’ Clayton asked. Abrams said that indeed he did, that ‘we are all a big human family’ and ‘those that stand for the people, I call them father'. But the judge had made his point, and the jury had no doubt gotten it.
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Damier, Vadim. "Isabelo de los Reyes and the Beginning of the Labour Movement in the Philippines". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n.º 2 (2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018556-9.
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The article focuses on the activities of the Filipino publicist, ethnographer, public, religious and political figure Isabelo de los Reyes (1864–1938). For the first time in Russian historiography, drawing upon de los Reyes' own works, it highlights his role in the movement for Philippine independence from Spain, in the formation of the labour movement, and in the initial dissemination of socialist ideas in the archipelago. A talented and prolific journalist, he rose to prominence among the progressive “ilustrados” - the educated class in the Spanish colony of the Philippines - at a very young age. Arrested by the colonial authorities after the outbreak of the 1896 anti-colonial rebellion, de los Reyes was exiled to Spain. While in prison in Barcelona, he was influenced by left-leaning fellow prisoners – anarchists, syndicalists and socialists. He was greatly impressed by his acquaintance with socialist literature. After his release from prison in 1898, de los Reyes took part in the activities of the Philippine emigration and the campaign against the capture of the Philippine Islands by the United States. In 1901 he returned to his homeland, bringing with him the works of anarchist and socialist theorists and propagandists, to which he introduced the country's leading labour activists. In 1902, at their request, he helped organise the Unión Obrera Democrática (UOD), which emerged as the first trade union association not only in the Philippines but also in the whole of Southeast Asia. At that time De los Reyes held socialist views, incorporating elements of Christian socialism, anarchism, and reformist syndicalism. He also initiated the creation of the Philippine Independent Church. After a major wave of strikes in 1902, de los Reyes was arrested by the US authorities in the Philippines and resigned as head of the UOD. After his release from prison, he published the organ of the labour movement, the newspaper “La Redención del obrero”. In the following years, de los Reyes withdrew from the trade union movement, focused on topics related to the Philippine Independent Church, and then became actively involved in political activities, being elected municipal councilor and senator.
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Lanskoy, G. N. "МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙКОНТЕКСТРЕВОЛЮЦИОННОЙИДЕОЛОГИИВРОССИИНАЧАЛАXXВ." Istoricheskii vestnik, n.º 23(2018) part: 23/2018 (27 de septiembre de 2019): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.35549/hr.2019.2018.36615.
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Paper is devoted to origins and to content of ideological conceptions which had influence to preparation of revolutions in Russia in the beginning of XX century. These conceptions are examined from viewpoint of their appearance in countries of Western Europe and partly in Russia and of their future transformation to practice of social and political development of Russia. In text are analyzed objective conditions for diversification of conceptions of liberalism, Marxism and revolutionary anarchism on territory of Russian Empire. For decision of indicated researching tasks were used retrospective and logical methods which gave possibility to show connection between historical experience of development of Russian state and perception of oppositional political ideas by its citizens. In context of conceptions of foreign minders were also studied basic ideas of theoreticians of Russian revolutionary movement of end of XIX beginning of XX century V.I. Lenin, G.V. Plekhanov, L.D. Trotsky and some other authors. In paper was used comparative method with aim of parallel evaluation of viewpoints of foreign and Russian scientists on specifities of diversification of revolutionary ideas in Russia in the beginning of XX century. In the end of paper are determined the alternative forms of revolutionary development in Russia in the beginning of XX century connected with diversity of revolutionary ideologies actual for this period.Статья посвящена истокам и содержанию идеологических концепций, оказавших влияние на подготовку революций в России в начале XX века. Эти концепции рассматриваются с точки зрения их появления в странах Западной Европы и отчасти в России и их дальнейшей трансформации в практику социальнополитического развития России. В тексте анализируются объективные условия диверсификации концепций либерализма, марксизма и революционного анархизма на территории Российской Империи. Для решения указанных исследовательских задач были использованы ретроспективные и логические методы, которые позволили показать связь между историческим опытом развития российского государства и восприятием оппозиционных политических идей его гражданами. В контексте концепций зарубежных мыслителей были также изучены основные идеи теоретиков русского революционного движения конца XIXначала XX века В. И. Ленина, Г. В. Плеханова, Л. Д. Троцкого и некоторых других авторов. В работе использован сравнительный метод с целью параллельной оценки точек зрения зарубежных и российских ученых на особенности диверсификации революционных идей в России в начале XX века. В конце статьи определяются альтернативные формы революционного развития в России в начале XX века, связанные с многообразием актуальных для этого периода революционных идеологий.
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Коломоєць, Ю. "BEGINNING OF UKRAINIAN POLITICAL EMIGRATION IN SWITZERLAND IN THE OTHER HALF 1870's". Problems of Political History of Ukraine, n.º 15 (5 de febrero de 2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/11926.
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The article analyzes the beginnings of Ukrainian political emigration in Switzerland in the second half of the 1870s, which is related to the activities of prominent Ukrainian political, public and cultural figure M P Drahomanov. The repression by the tsarist authorities, which began after the suppression of the first wave of the populist movement, forced a number of figures of both the Ukrainian and Russian revolutionary movements to leave their homeland in order to continue their struggle in emigration. It was in Switzerland after the end of the revolutions of 1848, as well as the defeat of the Paris Commune in 1871, that people from different countries gather, aiming to analyze the causes of the defeat of the revolutions and to develop measures for the future. M. Drahomanov managed to unite supporters of Ukrainian federalism and start publishing in Geneva both the first free Hromada magazine and literature on current topics of history, culture and major problems of Ukrainian life. At the same time, Drahomanov and his adherents take an active part in the social life of the Geneva colony of emigrants, and he himself becomes one of the most respected figures to be acquainted with by all those who came from Russia. At this time, the revolutionary views of M. Drahomanov and his supporters crystallized as well, which consisted in the need to fight for the federal system of the future of Russia and to abandon the state in general for the benefit of self-governing communities. At the same time, an important component of the activity of Ukrainian political emigration was the promotion of their views among revolutionary figures, especially from Russia. To this end, M. Drahomanov and his supporters spread the ideas of federalism and anarchism through the publishing of literature, the Hromada magazine, and meetings with revolutionaries who came from the Russian Empire. Their views were often incompatible with the ideas of other revolutionaries, as many of them advocated the preservation of Russia as a single state. This has led to misunderstandings and sometimes negative attitudes on the part of Russian figures. Nevertheless, M. Drahomanov did not back down from his ideas, which aroused respect from emigrants and made him a respected figure for all refugees from Russia.
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Heller, Leonid. "Poetics of Being Free. Shukshin and the Tradition of “Anarchic” Literatur". Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, n.º 100 (27 de diciembre de 2019): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2019.100.007.
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The paper describes the cultural and historical context between 19th and 20th centuries which witnesses a rise of a particular “anarchic” tradition (we take the precaution to distinguish such a creative stance from the theoretical and/or polemical "anarchist" production). Our intention is to inscribe into this context Vassily Shukshin's novel “I came to set you free” and some of his short prose. Showing the importance of the anarchist movement for the political and cultural turmoil of this era, we stress the strong connection that in Western countries as well as in Russia linked the anarchist perception of world and/or society to that of the avant-garde. The Russian situation owes its specific nature, among other factors, to the representation of Stepan Razin who epitomizes the spirit of revolutionary anarchy for the modernist artists and writers. The poetry and prose od Velimir Khlebnikov, Vassily Kamensky, Alexander Shiryaevets in the 1910s–1920s, the novels of Alexey Chapygin (1927), Stepan Zlobin (1951), Vassily Shukshin (1971) constitute a filiation, the presence whereof throughout the Soviet period is in itself a problem to tackle for a literary historian. In the last part of the paper we present a brief analysis of the Shukshin texts; we conclude that not only the Razin's figure brings his prose close to the “anarchic” tradition; the same could be said of his favorite characters, “chudiki”, extravagant searchers of freedom, as well as of such themes as fighting against the time (a frequent subject in the “anarchic” literature of Khlebnikov, Platonov etc.).
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Gerasimov, Nikolai I. y Dmitry A. Tkachenko. "From Pan-Anarchism to Social Engineering and Interindividualism: the Human Being Problem in the Work of the Gordin Brothers". History of Philosophy 26, n.º 1 (2021): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-1-99-109.
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The article analyzes the evolution of the philosophical views of the pananarchism-theorists A.L. and W.L. Gordin through the prism of human being problem. The study involved not only the collective work of thinkers, but also their solo-creative work in the period 1909–1924. Based on the study of such conceptual phenomena as pananarchism, the AO language, social engineering and interindividualism, the conclusion is drawn: being inspired by the philosophy of M. Stirner, A.L. and W.L. Gordin explored the human being problem using one of the most eclectic conceptual devices in the history of Russian intellectual culture. At the same time, the authors of the article consider that eclecticism in this case should be evaluated positively – as an attempt at a comprehensive philosophical and anthropological study, which is based on the ethical and aesthetic views of thinkers, closely related to their socio-political views.
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Мишуров, Иван, Ivan Mishurov, Ольга Мишурова y Olga Mishurova. "National state ideology". Services in Russia and abroad 9, n.º 1 (25 de junio de 2015): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11713.
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The article is devoted to justifying the need for the existence of state ideology, its national foundations and adjustments to article 13 of the Russian Constitution to delete provisions of the absence of the state ideology of the Russian Federation.
State ideology is present in each state. The importance of this phenomenon has led to much attention to it by philosophers, politicians and other scientists over the past two centuries. There are different views on the concept of "ideology" and different ideological schools: liberalism, conservatism, anarchism, social democracy, socialism, and others. This diversity is defined by different needs and interests of social groups, media and spokesmen of ideological views.
Ideology is an articulation of the fundamental interests of large social groups (forces) of the society, it is a system of views and ideas, which gives a complete interpretation of social and political life, its meaning, direction and prospects of showing certain ways of solving social problems. Ideologies are expressed in attitudes of communities to social problems and conflicts, objectives and generalized program of activities. The leading link here is represented by interests.
It is the state who expresses and defends the national interests, regulates, as a rule, with the help of legal norms the totality of socio-political, economic, national and family relations, thus contributing to the stabilization and development of society. It has the right to have its own (state, national or multi-national state) ideology. That is why the Russian government cannot but have a nation-state ideology. That is the need for national-state ideology that is proved in this article.
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Vorontsova, Irina. "“Neo-catholic” M. E. Zdziechowski and L. N. Tolstoy: a history of their acquaintance and the evolution of M. E. Zdziechowski’s attitude to the “christian anarchism” of L. N. Tolstoy". St. Tikhons' University Review 114 (31 de octubre de 2023): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023114.66-82.
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Slavist and Polish Slavophil M.E. Zdzekhovsky came to the attention of Russian scientists relatively recently and has not yet taken its due place in domestic research. 2023 marks the 85th anniversary of his death. A Pole by origin, baptized in the Catholic faith, he remained a representative of a single space of the Slavic world and was close to that part of the Polish and Russian intelligentsia, which at the beginning of the 20th century began to be called "religious", since it put the question at the center of its worldview. about the necessity for the social development of states - religious consciousness. At the end of the XIX century. Zdzekhovsky became an admirer of L.N. Tolstoy, and then imbued with his teaching on the moral essence of Christianity. Having taken the post of professor at the University of Krakow and having moved to Austria-Hungary, Zdziechovsky continued his epistolary communication with the Russian intelligentsia and with L.N. Tolstoy, whom he called his teacher. He carried a respectful attitude towards the writer through the years of his passion for modernism (1890-1914) in the Roman Catholic Church, contact with which he found in Tolstoy's moralism. The article, based on letters and books (1890–1914) by Zdziechowski, analyzes the evolution of the attitude of the Polish “neo-Catholic” towards Tolstoy as a thinker. Not accepting Tolstoy's "Christian anarchism", Zdziechowski did not condemn his apostasy from the Church, putting the moral aspect of his search, based on epistemological pessimism, at the center of his understanding of Tolstoy's phenomenon. The author concludes that M.E. Zdziechowski's work of the writer and the moral apology of Christianity in modernism, played a leading role in Zdziechowski's attitude towards Tolstoy.
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Belonogov, Ivan N. "Rhizome: Beyond Networks and Hierarchies". Voprosy Filosofii, n.º 6 (2023): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-6-91-94.
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This work is the final one in a series of articles on possible types of organization of global and possible measures to counteract the loss of autonomy by particular individuals – turning them into Homo Cells – human cells of a more global organism. The task set before it and solved in it is to demonstrate the differences between the concept of “Rhizome” from the other two types of organization – hierarchy and network – and its heuristic potential for solving the issue of individual autonomy. In previous works, it was shown that this question was posed by Kant as the main task of the Enlightenment. Subsequently, this problematic field inherited the current of post-anarchism, which takes its conceptual apparatus from the philosophical system of G. Deleuze and, moreover, is the ideological heir to the Kantian project. In the discourse of Russian academic philosophy, “Rhizome” was likened to the concept of “Network” (in the form in which it was developed within the framework of the Actor-Network theory), known in Russian literature on organization theory as a decentralized structure, traditionally opposed to a centralized structure, i.e. “hierarchical”. The consequence of such inattention, or the habit of thinking through analogies, was the complete absence at the moment of qualified research devoted to one of the main motives of the philosophy of Deleuze – the search for new thinking. This text is intended to show the possibility of a different understanding of the concept of “Rhizome”, which opens up the possibility of solving a more important task at the present time – the discovery of a new thinking capable of asserting its autonomy in a society riddled with networked and hierarchized control structures.
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Sungbo Shim. "Leo Tolstoy and Anarchism". Russian Language and Literature ll, n.º 28 (junio de 2008): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24066/russia.2008..28.001.
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Shatunov, Yuri A. "Muslims and the Muslim world in the works of Anton Chekhov". Imagologiya i komparativistika, n.º 18 (2022): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/18/15.
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The article provides a brief overview of the ideas about Islam and its adherents in Russian public thought of the 19th - early 20th centuries, as well as the policy of the Russian state in relation to this religion. Against this background, the characteristics given by Anton Chekhov to Muslim peoples at different stages of his work in prose and letters to friends and relatives are considered. Most often Chekhov’s works mention Turks, Tatars, Persians, less often Afghans, Circassians, Chechens, the Kirghiz. The development of the level of representation of an ethnic group is closely related to its estimated dynamics. If the ethnonym “Tatar” is often given a negative connotation, episodic characters in the writer’s stories are already devoid of negative characteristics, and the unnamed Tatar, the main character of the story “In Exile,” is a positive character. Contrasting his views with the egoistic anarchism of the exiled settler Semyon Chekhov in an artistic form embodies the idea of the opposition of individualism of the West and Eastern community. Chekhov’s experience of communication with real Muslims is reflected in the book Sakhalin Island and in his epistolary works. Objective assessments and respect for the Tatar people prevail here. In letters sent to relatives on the way to Sakhalin, Chekhov describes Volga and Siberian foreigners positively, as good, respectable, modest people “better than Russians,” according to a Russian assessor. In his texts, the writer actively used ethnonyms, ethnonymic adjectives, ethnophaulisms, ethnic stereotypes, images of representatives of Muslim peoples. The literary techniques Chekhov used to describe Muslim issues include ethnonymic synonyms and mixed ethnic, religious, class, and professional affiliations. When describing his characters, Chekhov pays much less attention to confessional differences in comparison with ethnic ones. In Islam itself, he sees no threat, but shares the popular opinion about the civilizational “backwardness” of the Muslim world. Asian stereotypes are represented by aggressive and wild Afghans, Persians, Circassians, and quite “decent Kyrgyz.” The characters’ traits largely depend on the genre of the work and the degree of detail of the image. The study of ethno-religious motifs in Chekhov’s works shows that his attitude to a person is always more positive than to a community, and the ethnic and confessional stereotypes he uses are grouped not so much around a nation, rather around an ethnonym (confessiononym). Such ethnic and confessional stereotypes can be classified as nominalistic, that is, they actively function in the culture, but lose their genetic connection with the corresponding community. The author declares no conflicts of interests.