Artículos de revistas: "Russian strategic thought"

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김영준. "Putin's Wars and Russian Strategic Thought". National Strategy 22, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2016): 153–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35390/sejong.22.4.201611.006.

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Safranchuk, I. A. "Schools of Strategic Thoughts on Russia in the Us Expert Community". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n.º 6(45) (28 de diciembre de 2015): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-6-45-93-105.

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This article is devoted to the schools of strategic thought on Russia in the US expert community. The author suggests and underpins the system to classify US schools of strategic thoughts on Russia. Based o this classification the author extracts intellectuals fields, within which schools of strategic thought emerge and exist. The suggested methodology is retrospectively applied to describe the evolution of US schools of strategic thoughts on Russia in the period after the collapse of the Soviet Union and until the present. The article also dwells on the major contemporary US schools of strategic thought on Russia. Their origins are traced and basic characteristics summarized. Four such schools of thought are suggested, namely - skepticism, alarmism, realism and unconditional cooperation. The author not only describes the schools of thought as such, but also analyses the dynamics of their interactions. The schemes, summarizing the major thesis of the article, must facilitate the reading process. The suggested methodology can be applied by other authors for further analysis of US debates on Russia and US-Russian relations.

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Mathers, Jennifer G. "Déjà vu:Familiar trends in Russian strategic thought". Contemporary Security Policy 16, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1995): 380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523269508404122.

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Mitrović, Miroslav. "Russian Strategic Communication - Endless Information Warfare". Security science journal 3, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 28–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.3.2.2.

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Strategic communication determines the communicative aspects of national soft power, and it is an integral part of the national security structure of a modern state. Russian military thought makes a substantial deviation from the term „strategic communication“, defining and applying the communicative contents of soft power by the terms „information security“ and „information warfare“. Russian understanding uses these forms of strategic communication in a constant struggle for supremacy and control of all information domains. Thus, Russia declares a permanent state of war in the information sphere. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the Russian scientific and operational approach to the interpretation of strategic communication, the article provides insight into Russia’s basic idea and genesis of information warfare. By reviewing strategic documents and applied organisational forms, the paper contributes to understanding the vital level of strategic communication on the applied aspects of national security of the Russian Federation. The article elaborates application forms of the Russian’s concepts of information security and information warfare, information operations, and psychological operations. Paper offers a case of Russia’s information warfare toward Serbia. Conclusively, Russia is very active in an informative sphere in international relations, which should have in mind in the relations with that power.

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Evans, Nicole C. "A Defensive Orientation in Soviet and Russian Strategic Nuclear Thought?" International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 59, n.º 1 (marzo de 2004): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200405900111.

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Malešević, Matija. "Scythianism and Eurasianism: Tracing Russian strategic culture". Srpska politička misao 83, n.º 1 (2024): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spm83-46175.

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Research of the ideological foundations of Scythianism and Eurasianism underlines the conceptual affinity between these two movements, as well as their cause-and-effect relationship. These phenomena are embedded within the particular historical and social context. They are part of Russian socio-political thought during the pivotal years of the Great War and the October Revolution, and represent a medium through which we can reconstruct the prevailing "spirit of the time." Nevertheless, the focal point of this study is oriented towards the future, not the past. This is due to the fact that the ideas emanating from these movements hold a greater contemporary relevance than they did a century ago. We conclude that both Scythianism and Eurasianism are not just part of history, but rather far-reaching visions being realized before our eyes. From a contemporary perspective, the Scythians are pioneers of a "creative era" whose intuition and elan vital set Russia on a new civilizational trajectory. Their significance becomes particularly pronounced on the threshold of tectonic international changes and apocalyptic forecasts that can no longer be remedied through "political reforms", but solely through systemic changes. Similar to the period before the First World War, an avantgarde strategic culture emerges as a suitable solution, especially taking into account the dispersion of global power in the collective West.

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Gherasim, Ioan Alexandru. "The New Silk Road and Sino-Russian relations through the lens of Liberalism, Realism and Neocolonialism". Economic Annals-ХХI 190, n.º 5-6(2) (10 de julio de 2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v190-01.

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The rebirth of the Silk Road presents itself as a possible change in the status quo in Central Asia. China’s presents and influence in the region has been increasing in the past decade in the detriment of Russian influence. This paper analyzes the New Silk Road and Sino-Russian relations through the lens of liberalism, realism and neocolonialism. The Belt and Road Initiative presents itself as a revolutionary project however the changes it produces in terms of trade are minimal. Strategic aspects trump the trade related ones. The paper demonstrates that China needs Russia to participate in order to make the project successful while Russia should participate in order to limit China from taking control over the region, thus realism is they school of thought together with neocolonialism.

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Chubukova, S. G. "THE FORMATION OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY AND THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN RUSSIA: DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION". Innovatics and Expert Examination, n.º 1(26) (15 de marzo de 2019): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2019-1-60-70.

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Information technologies in modern society actively influence the state of political, economic, military and other spheres of public life. Russia’s strategic goal is becoming a full-scale entry into the global information society as its full participant, while maintaining political independence, national identity and cultural traditions. Solving this problem requires the development of a well-thought-out, purposeful state policy in the field of the development of the information society. In the Information Society Development Strategy, the construction of a knowledge society, a digital economy, the creation of a developed information infrastructure and a safe Internet are called strategic national priorities.The article analyzes the implementation of the Information Society Development Strategy in the Russian Federation. The directions of development of the modern state policy in the field of the development of the information society and ensuring the information security of Russia are investigated. The necessity of adopting a federal law on the digital economy, legislation that ensures the development of the information space of knowledge and independent functioning of the Russian segment of the Internet is substantiated.

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Makarov, Ivan V. "THE THEME OF THE HEART IN THE BYZANTINE TRADITION, RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CULTURE AND RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY". Russian Studies in Culture and Society 7, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2023): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2576-9782-2023-2-27-51.

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The article is devoted to the problem of cardiognosia as the leading one for Russian theological-philosophical and secular religious thought. A special place in Russian (especially in religious) philosophy is occupied by the theme of love and the heart. The main question that we pose in this article is whether the domestic cardiognosy has remained in line with purely Byzantine religious philosophy, or whether our tradition has found an original approach to the study of the heart. This problem is quite relevant due to the fact that modern Russia has often been compared with the Byzantine Empire, such comparative studies have been found for the third decade in various historical, cultural and philosophical studies. The study of the topic of the heart also falls into the piggy bank of spiritual and moral values, to the preservation of which the strategic interests of modern Russian society are addressed. Russian Orthodox culture reveals the theme of the heart in the ascetic tradition of asceticism, and Russian religious philosophy calls the heart the key to understanding the mentality of the Russian person. Modern researchers focus on the integrative function of the heart. Russian Russian Orthodox culture acts as a bridge between Byzantine traditions and Russian philosophy, and modern Russian philosophy considers the heart to be a place of synthesis of science and art culture. The results of the article can be applied in the framework of the creation of the concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia.

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Evans, Nicole C. "A Defensive Orientation in Soviet and Russian Strategic Nuclear Thought? The Case of No-First-Use". International Journal 59, n.º 1 (2003): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203911.

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SMYSLOVA, OLGA Yu y NADEZHDA N. NESTEROVA. "NEW TRENDS IN RUSSIA’S DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATION". Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 236, n.º 4 (2022): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2022-236-4-55-77.

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By analyzing current economic problems in Russia conditioned by numerous changes in the world economy, the authors attempt to form the general idea of Russian economy’s contemporary state, challenges and opportunities in the context of new geo-economic realities. The paper summarizes the outcomes of scientific research presented by the authors at All-Russian research and practice conference in Lipetsk held within Moscow Academic Economic Forum 2022 (MAEF). The scientists come to the conclusion that the ability to adapt to rapidly changing time challenges requires another speed of reaction and decision-making that are well-thought-out and oriented on strategic goals. In this respect the key threats (problems) and trends (opportunities) of the development of Russia are defined, such as: technological sovereignty, import substitution in the segment of high-tech products and consumer goods, the problem-solving of social issues — unemployment, preserving jobs and support of the underprivileged. All instruments and measures taken by the state defend the country’s economic and financial systems and improve the quality of life.

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Ivanishcheva, N. A. "CIVIL IDENTITY IN POLYCULTURAL EDUCATIONAL SPACE IN THE CONTEXT OF V.A. SUKHOMLINSKY". Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n.º 3 (2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-239-47.

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The article discusses the main approaches to understanding civic identity in Russian and foreign scientific thought. Attention is focused on the preservation of the historically established state unity of Russia in the current conditions of geopolitical confrontation. In the author’s interpretation, civic identity is an indicator of the consolidation of society in the national environment, the solidarity of social forces, a certain condition for the integrity of the state. The definition of civic identity is revealed in close connection with the concepts of citizenship and patriotism. It is substantiated that pedagogical science introduces the formation of civic identity among the strategic priorities of educational activities. The educational process should be based on the obligatory consideration of value orientations that ensure the formation of an integral personality of a patriot and defender of his Motherland. Multicultural education as an environment for interaction between representatives of different cultures ensures that the younger generation realizes that they belong to a country with a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional Russian people. The phenomenon of civic identity in the pedagogical heritage of V.A. Sukhomlinsky, who defined the contours of the “national idea” of citizenship in close connection with humanism. The sources of the study were the works “Motherland in the Heart” and “The Birth of a Citizen”, where the teacher expressed a thought that is significant for our work — the Fatherland as a value is important for the individual by the realization of her spiritual aspirations in it. Despite the serious transformation of value ideas in recent decades, the expression “a person is unthinkable without a civic core” (V.A. Sukhomlinsky) in the coming trials for the Russian state is more relevant than ever.

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Dévai, Dóra. "The U.S. Response to the 2016 Russian Election Meddling and the Evolving National Strategic Thought in Cyberspace (Part 1.)". Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public 18, n.º 1 (2019): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2019.1.3.

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Dévai, Dóra. "The U.S. Response to the 2016 Russian Election Meddling and the Evolving National Strategic Thought in Cyberspace (Part 2.)". Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public 18, n.º 1 (2019): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2019.1.4.

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Loginovskiy, O. V., A. V. Hollay, A. L. Shestakov y K. A. Korennaya. "FORMATION OF TNE METHODOLOGY OF STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL INSTABILITY". Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2022): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2022.2.04.

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The strong aggravation of military and political instability in the world, the introduction by the United States of America and other Western countries of a huge number of various and unjustified sanctions against Russia created very difficult conditions for doing business in our country's industrial enterprises. In this regard, the issues of forming a methodology for the strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises, which need to ensure survival and further development, despite the harmful effects of Western states and the most difficult problems with resource support for production, as well as sales of products outside the Russian Federation, are of particular importance. The article discusses the main directions of development of scientific thought in the field of strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises, including in modern conditions, characterized not only by the military-political aggravation of the situation in the world, but also in many respects related to these processes, the emergence of economic crises in the largest regions of America and Europe. The authors propose a new aggregated algorithm for managing industrial enterprises, both at the strategic and operational levels, based on mathematical models and methods, taking into account the characteristics of modern industry markets. It is also noted that the modern world economy is subject to cyclical phenomena due to the very nature of capitalist relations, and not only from the desire of the Western world to destroy Russia and its powerful industrial potential. The article also presents a number of mathematical models developed by the authors for assessing the production efficiency of industrial enterprises both for the options for the functioning of manufacturing companies in a stable environment and increased demand for enterprise products, and for their working conditions during periods of crisis. The most relevant today are the models of choosing strategic decisions in the context of the global crisis. Thus, the paper proposes a methodology for the preparation of managerial decision - making by the management of industrial enterprises, which ensures the minimization of costs for the production and sale of finished products, as well as the feasibility of technical re - equipment by enterprises in various periods of the functioning of the world economy. It is also reported how the proposed methodology for the strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises in the quite recent past allowed Russian manufacturing companies to achieve fairly high performance and competitiveness at the international level.

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Bilyi, Oleh. "Attack on identity. (Russian culture as an existential threat to Ukraine)". Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, n.º 4 (13 de diciembre de 2022): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2022.04.145.

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The article deals with the role of Russian culture in the period of the RF war against Ukraine. The history is considered as the basic structure that shapes the discursive foundation of identity. Historical narratives as well as the cultural background of imperial identity and risks of the full scale representation of Russian culture in the Ukrainian social consciousness are analyzed. The two tendencies are also comprehended — junk science foundation of geopolitical projects and devalu- ation of the historically formed senses. So the communicative action is penetrated by the strategic action bazed on the false reality fundament, this significant element of the war of the world. The vivid example of junk science is the neoeurasian ideology, that defines the strategy of Kremlin informational attack on the Ukrainian identity. Standoff between the identities takes place in the course of the imperial mobilization project development. The symbiosis of governmental authorities and artists plays the key role in its realization. The author outlines the main features of the strategic effect of penetration into the core of communicative process and the false reality building. Also the author develops the thought that the heartbreaking and impetuous change of con- tradictory narratives are the one of the fundamental resources of information war. In particular it deals with the great Russian Simulacrum as the vivid example of the instrumental reason that is in the base of the information war against Ukraine. It is also defined the historical origin of the simulacra as the instrument of the Russian special services and the role of their partners — the iconic figures of the Russian literature — in the projects of the public opinion manipulation.

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Shevchenko, M. M. "The Practice of Russian Conservatism of the Nineteenth and early Twentieth Centuries". Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 10, n.º 6 (28 de febrero de 2018): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-6-44-64.

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Russian conservatism as a current social thought, consistently turned into political action is formed at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. The goal of its constant aspirations and efforts was creative protection that meant adaptation, modernization, development of the historical Russian autocracy as a response to the liberal-egalitarian challenges of the time. N.M. Karamzin, who went through the accumulation, comprehension and generalization of the empirics of domestic historical experience, developed a system of apology for an autocratic monarchy, which, combined with the atmosphere of the patriotic upsurge of 1812, led to the abolition of the liberal political agenda initiated by Alexander I. The era of Nicholas I was the longest experience of a stable and progressive conservative domestic and foreign policy that ended with the death of her symbol and realizer because of the accumulated contradictions, mistakes and omissions that destroyed her prestige in Russian public opinion. The policy of the liberation reforms of Alexander II in the short term strengthened the autocracy, but in the long term generated social and political dynamism that bore the constant threat of its fall with catastrophic consequences for Russia as a whole. The conservative turn of Alexander III was an imperfect attempt, without losing the prospect of economic progress and the consolidation of the Russian great power in the rapidly changing world of modernity, to take the path of long-term sociopolitical stabilization. After the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, which resulted from both the grave strategic mistake of Nicholas II and the uncorrected systemic errors of his predecessors, the discrediting of the autocracy took an avalanche character.

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Borisova, Nina V. "PROJECT APPROACH AS A MODERN METHOD OF MANAGING THE SPHERE OF CULTURE IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 5/4, n.º 125 (2022): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.05.04.004.

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The sphere of culture needs to be rethought, because everything is changing in connection with the development of information systems and the creation of a unified economic and socio-cultural system. Culture acts as a single resource in the development of socio-economic activity and human abilities. In the context of the transformation of Russian society, the preservation of cultural heritage and its development is possible within the framework of a well-thought-out cultural policy that has strategic goals for the long term, while culture is a factor in the development of both moral and spiritual potential and contributes to stability in the field of social, economic, political and social activities. In recent years, many cultural projects have been put into practice in Russia, which confirms the importance of the project approach, which contributes to the development of culture. With the active development of cultural activities, there is a lag in the development of the project base, there are shortcomings: there is not enough necessary information and scientific projects, research to train project managers.

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Sergienko, E. A., E. A. Khlevnaya y T. S. Kiseleva. "Test method for assessing the emotional intelligence of adolescents (MSCEIT-YRV)". Современная зарубежная психология 10, n.º 4 (2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2021100407.

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This paper contains a description of the task methodology for assessing the level of development of emotional intelligence in adolescents aged 10 to 18 years MSCEIT–YRV (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test – Youth Research Version). The paper provides main data on the adaptation of the methodology to the Russian-speaking sample. Adaptation and psychometric testing of the methodology were carried out using data from 996 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years (430 boys and 566 girls, mean age 13,3 years). This methodology provides information on the general level of development of emotional intelligence, indicators of the Experiential and Strategic domains of emotional intelligence and scores for four abilities (identification of emotions, facilitation of thought, understanding emotions and emotion management). The main psychometric indicators of reliability and validity of MSCEIT-YRV meet the requirements of test standardization. The paper also describes gender and age differences in emotional intelligence, shows a comparison of normative samples for the English and Russian versions of the MSCEIT–YRV method.

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Bregu, Edit y Irvin Faniko. "The War of Shkodra in the Framework of the Balkan Wars, 1912-1913". Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, n.º 1 (17 de enero de 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0013.

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Before starting the First Balkan War, the Great Powers were not prepared for a quick victory of the young Balkan allies against an old empire, as it was until 1912 the Great Ottoman Empire. At the Ambassadors Conference in London, Austro-Hungary argued that the involvement of Shkodra City was essential to the economy of the new Albanian state. Meanwhile Russia did not open the way for solving the Shkodra problem, Russian diplomats thought how to satisfy Serbia's ambitions in Northeast Albania, respectively in Kosovo Beyond those considerations of a political character, on 8 October 1912, was the youngest member of the Balkan Alliance, the Shkodra northern neighbor, Montenegro, that rushed to launch military actions, thus opening the first campaign of the First Balkan War. The Montenegrin military assault, as its main strategic objective in this war, was precisely the occupation and annexation of the historic city of Shkodra, a city with a big economic and cultural importance for the Albanian people and territory. Received: 7 September 2020 / Accepted: 13 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021

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Szostek, Joanna. "Nothing Is True? The Credibility of News and Conflicting Narratives during “Information War” in Ukraine". International Journal of Press/Politics 23, n.º 1 (29 de noviembre de 2017): 116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161217743258.

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In international politics, the strategic narratives of different governments compete for public attention and support. The Russian government’s narrative has prompted western concern due to fears that it exerts a destabilizing effect on societies in Eastern Europe and elsewhere. However, the behavior and thought processes of news consumers targeted by contradictory strategic narratives are rarely subjected to analysis. This paper examines how Ukrainian news consumers decide where to get their news and what to believe in a media environment where “propaganda” and “disinformation” are regarded as major threats to national security. Evidence comes from thirty audio-diaries and in-depth interviews conducted in 2016 among adult residents of Odesa Region. Through qualitative analysis of the diary and interview transcripts, the paper reveals how participants judged the credibility of news and narratives based on their priorities (what they considered important), not just “facts” (what they believed had happened). The attribution of importance to different foreign policy issues was associated, in turn, with varying personal experiences, memories, and individual cross-border relationships.

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Motswaledi, Thabang y Phemelo Marumo. "The cold war and its trajectory on African philosophy and African politics". International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 12, n.º 6 (14 de septiembre de 2023): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i6.2683.

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From scholarly research, Africa's position on the planet and historical constituents especially minerals expropriation and labour made the continent a strategic partner to most world powers. This was understood during the voyages of the Dutch Indian Company to India. Even during the Cold War, powerful countries were eager to promote multilateral relationships with some countries in Africa and that strongly impacted the war as well as African politics. This practice did not end with the Cold War but continued and presently Africa is still being influenced by the Cold War proceeds. Through a qualitative method of research, the paper highlights the impact of the cold war and ideology its time on African philosophy as well as the shift in African political dynamics. Hence, the paper investigated how these relationships affected African thought and destabilized Africa as a habitat for culture and African norms especially in the midst of the Ukraine-Russian war. Ukraine-Russian war is of paramount importance in revealing how African states maintain their non-alignment stance on either side while being careful to preserve their long rich history with the former Soviet Union. The further paper noted the advantages or disadvantages that the erstwhile Cold War brought to the African worldview. This culminated in the obliteration of culture and other notions like ubuntu which are the cornerstone of Africanism. The paper concludes by bringing out a strategy that can be utilized to restore African thought post-Cold War era.

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Sergienko, Elena A., Elena A. Khlevnaya, Tatiana S. Kiseleva, Alexandra A. Nikitina y Ekaterina I. Osipenko. "Emotional Intelligence Test for Adolescents - Development of a Russian-language Methodology". Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 28, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2022-28-2-69-75.

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This paper describes the adaptation of the MSCEIT–YRV (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test–Youth Research Version) task methodology for assessing the level of development of emotional intelligence (EI) in adolescents in a Russian-language sample. Nine hundred ninety-six adolescents aged 10 to 17 years (430 boys and 566 girls, mean age of 13.3 years) took part in the adaptation and psychometric testing of the methodology. The test assesses the overall level of development of EI, the experiential and strategic domains, and the four EI abilities (emotion recognition, facilitation of thought, emotion understanding, and emotion management). The main psychometric measures of reliability and validity of the MSCEIT-YRV meet the standardisation requirements of the test. The paper also presents the development and standardisation of the Russian-language test for the assessment of adolescents' EI (EIT - A). The test has two versions: for adolescents aged 10-13 years and 14-17 years. The versions have the same structure and number of questions but differ in the visual and textual stimulus material and language. MSCEIT-YRV and EIT (Emotional Intelligence Test for adults) were the prototypes for the new EIT - A methodology. The theoretical basis of the EIT - A methodology is the EI ability model by J. Mayer, P. Salovey, D. Caruso, and R. Plutchik's psychoevolutionary theory of emotions.

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Sokolov, E. G. "Sublime Theology of the Decline of the Soviet Empire. Akat K. Belykh". Discourse 6, n.º 6 (15 de enero de 2021): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-6-20-36.

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Introduction. Socio-political disciplines are an important component of the Humanities of the Soviet period of Russian history. Scientific communism, introduced as a compulsory subject in all Higher education institutions of the USSR in the last 30 years of the state's existence, was considered as the final expression of all the theoretical propositions of Marxism-Leninism. The article attempts to consider Scientific communism as a speculative speculative construction that, on the one hand, reproduces the terminological, logical, semantic and operational regulations of classical philosophical systems, and on the other hand, is a privileged mechanism of discursive production. As a typical example of how and through what tools the doctrine is legitimized, the texts of the work of A. K. Belykh, who for almost 30 years headed the Department of the theory of scientific communism at the faculty of philosophy of LSU (now SPBU).Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the work is based on a philosophical analysis of texts representative of the epoch (D. de Tracy, grammar of Port Royal, Soviet Russian philosophers who worked in the Marxist-Leninist tradition, monographs by A. K. Belykh), included in the approved canonical corpus of Marxism-Leninism.Results and discussion. Scientific communism, now virtually removed from historical memory, was an interesting example of how social thought evolved during the Soviet period of Russian history. The corpus of socio-political disciplines, which included Marxist-Leninist philosophy (dialectical materialism and historical materialism), political economy, history of the Communist party of the Soviet Union, and scientific communism, was a single complex of speculative doctrine. All these disciplines, positioned as scientific knowledge, can be fully evaluated only in the context of the main trends in the development of social and philosophical knowledge of the New time, set by the Enlightenment era. Symbolic points of reference here can be considered projects of ”universal grammar” (Port Royal) and ”ideology” (Destute de Tracy).Conclusion. Scientific communism is not an accidental, but characteristic of Russian thought, intellectual construct. Collective, i. e. a large number of people are involved in its implementation, which means it can be considered as a well-formed direction of social thought. Among the historical analogs that use the same strategic and tactical Arsenal of means of expression and discursive fixation, it can be compared and likened to the wellknown speculative constructs of a theological nature: high scholasticism.

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Kuznetsov, Aleksey V. "Liberal and Etatist Economic Model of Spatial Development of the Economy in Retrospect". Economic History 18, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2022): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.057.018.202202.097-103.

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Introduction. The relevance of this study is determined by the tasks of our country’s transition to a new level of economic development in the context of the unfriendly policy of the “collective West”. In this regard, the Government of the Russian Federation, together with the Academy of Sciences, with the participation of the Agency for Strategic Initiatives, is working in the field of regional spatial policy of socio-economic development. The economic model based on the primacy of free market relations, which is led by large transnational corporations, is increasingly yielding to statist models of economic activity regulation. The purpose of the article in this context is to specify the conditions under which the tasks of Russia’s spatial development coincide with the vector of meeting the needs of society, its readiness for change. In the case of collinear dynamics, this will contribute to tectonic shifts and, consequently, to strengthening the competitiveness of the state at the macro level. With pejorative tendencies – to a systemic failure, when the government cannot govern in a new way, and society will not put up with a situation where the “top” will hold dominance on the basis of a regressive or stagnation policy. Materials and Methods. It is very interesting, from this point of view is the historical and retrospective method of verification, which can reveal the interest of Russian society in specific or abstract values that play the role of an incentive that can expand the horizons of economic activity. Discussion and Conclusions. On the basis of historical experience, which verifies the views of the classics of economic thought, regularities are revealed in the synthesis of the ideas of state economic policy, the expectations of society and the desire of individuals to consume the good. The results of the study can be used in the development of conceptual and policy documents as part of the implementation of the National Technical Initiative and the Strategy for Spatial Development of Russia, as well as in order to make optimal management decisions on the formation and implementation of large-scale government projects. The results obtained explain from a historical point of view the priorities of society in the search for the optimal way to achieve well-being. The executive power needs such knowledge for the most efficient use of territorially localized resources when locating production facilities of advanced technological modes that ensure the strategic competitiveness of the Russian Federation.

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Morozova, Yu A. "Strategic Priorities for the Implementation of the Primary Health Care Modernization Program at the Regional Level". Economic Revival of Russia, n.º 3 (73) (2022): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2022-3-73-140-153.

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The market for healthcare services provided with the widespread use of digital technologies, according to Kvint, is a global emerging market. In order to account for the development trends of this market, strategizing technologies are needed. In this work we base on foreign experience to reveal the main trends in the process of strategic management of the modernization of primary health care at the global level and in a number of countries of the world. An attempt is made to apply these approaches to Russian practice, taking into account the existing strategic documents. Based on the study of world experience, it is shown that the process of research-based strategizing, using a comprehensive set of strategic tools based on digital technologies of knowledge-intensive management, is a key strategic priority for the development of the primary healthcare at the regional level. It is assumed that the best option would be to return, at least in part, to the well-thought-out Digital Health sub-programme, which was not included in the 2017 Digital Economy program. To get an overall picture of the use of digital technologies in healthcare, it is necessary to monitor the scientific, technological, human resource, organizational and logistical (equipment) components of this picture. In recent years, numerous regulations have been adopted that are directly or indirectly related to the digitalization of healthcare and medical activities. At the same time, their key provisions are related to the lack a systemic integration of digitalization into the healthcare development process as a whole. Similar processes should be carried out as part of the creation and development of regional segments of the digital platform.

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Blinov, Ivan. "Siberian regional policy: the past and modern problems". Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 19 (1 de enero de 2012): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.19.9.

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The regional development of Siberia faces some difficulties nowadays and they are thought to be the result of historical development. According to American authors, Clifford Gaddy and Fiona Hill (“The Siberian Curse”), as well as some Russian scientists, such problems stem from the period of Soviet abusive colonization of Siberia, or even earlier – from the period of monarchy. But it is essentially hard to realize the situation of Siberia from the perspective of Moscow, let alone from abroad. It is also difficult to imagine the huge differences in territorial proportions, contrasts in Siberian regions, and distances between cities. So it is not acceptable to use non-geographical, dot methods in solving regional problems of Siberia. In fact, the regional problems are very complicated and multilateral, and we should study them with an open mind. Development of Siberia, the Eastern and Northern territories, was not something special in Soviet times. It was based on the whole country large-scale development plans and strategic objectives

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Blackledge, Paul. "Perry Anderson and the End of History". Historical Materialism 7, n.º 1 (2000): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920600794750801.

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AbstractIn light of Perry Anderson's recent re-Iaunch of New Left Review, and the publication of Gregory Elliott's Perry Anderson: The Merciless Laboratory of History, it is perhaps an opportune moment for Marxists to assess Anderson's contribution to socialist strategic thought. At the heart of Anderson's manifesto is the claim that the principal aspect of the past decade ‘can be defined as the virtually uncontested consolidation, and universal diffusion, of neoliberalism'. There is, obviously, something in this claim. However, Anderson also briefly notes, amongst other counter-currents, the labour upsurge in France in 1995, but dismisses the significance of these events with the claim that ‘capital has comprehensively beaten back all threats to its rule'. Anderson compares the context of the launch of the first New Left Review with that of the present day. He writes that, back then, a third of the planet had broken with capitalism, the discrediting of Stalinism in 1956 had unleashed a vital process of the rediscovery of authentic Marxism, while, culturally, there had been a qualitative break with the conformism of the 1950s. Today, by contrast, American capitalism has reasserted its international primacy, European social-democratic governments are implementing policies designed to follow the American model, Japan is suffering from a slump, while the Russian catastrophe has produced no popular backlash. Moreover, the Western powers have recently asserted themselves successfully in the Balkans, and, despite upsurges against capital in the 1990s, ‘no collective agency able to match the power of capital is yet on the horizon’. How are socialists to respond to this diagnosis? In this essay, I want to locate the logic of Anderson's interpretation of the present conjuncture within the context of his previous strategic claims. I will argue that, while socialists will always have much to learn from Anderson, strategically his thought has systematically suffered from a form of political impressionism. This suggests that his interpretation of the present conjuncture may fail the test of history.

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Brukhanchik, Ekaterina A. "The study of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire (1861–1914) in pre-revolutionary historiography: university schools of Ukraine". Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, n.º 3 (29 de julio de 2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-3-83-92.

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The article is devoted to the study of the university schools of Ukraine that developed issues of credit and finance of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century in the pre-revolutionary period. Its purpose is to determine the main scientific achievements of the Kyiv, Kharkiv and Odessa schools of financial law in studying the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire (1861–1914) by establishing the features of pre-revolutionary Ukrainian historiography, identifying the characteristics of each of these scientific schools, and identifying their representatives. The relevance of the article is determined by studying the scientific heritage of the most progressive schools of financial law, whose representatives not only participated in legislative activities (preparation of draft legislative acts on the implementation of the foreclosure operation, financial reform of 1895–1897, in the field of small loans), were part of the collegial management bodies largest banks, but also put forward original ideas of both practical and theoretical nature. Many proposals of Ukrainian economists formed the basis for new areas of economic thought (M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky is one of the founder of institutionalism). Their legacy can be applied in solving modern strategic tasks of the state. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time systematized the ideas of Ukrainian schools of economists regarding credit and finance of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The characteristic features of the Kyiv scientific school (status representatives, progressive ideas, contribution to the development of institutionalism), Kharkiv school (popularization of the ideas of credit cooperation, conducting scientific seminars on pressing economic issues) and Odessa school (criticism of banks, their classification) are determined. The most common topics for research are noted, prominent representatives are listed.

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Kireeva, A. A. "RUSSIA AND EAST ASIA: NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n.º 3(36) (28 de junio de 2014): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-3-36-9-19.

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The article focuses on major dimensions, achievements, challenges and prospects of relations between Russia and East Asia. Strategic importance of the region is shaped by East Asia's increasing role in world politics and economy as well as by its appeal for Russia's modernization agenda. Russia's great power status rests upon the effectiveness of its East Asian policy and development model of Siberia and the Russian Far East. Russia's positions in East Asia have improved substantially over the 2000s. However, its involvement in regional economic interaction is still insignificant and Russia cannot be regarded as a full-fledged regional player in this domain. Russian-Chinese strategic partnership has been the axis of Russia's East Asian foreign policy, though overdependence on China threatens Russia's independent policy in the region and encourages Russia to search for ways to diversify its ties. Russia's national interests reside in multivector policy, aimed at developing substantive relations not only with China but also with Japan, South Korea, ASEAN (Vietnam in the first place) and India along with Russia's involvement in the resolution of Korean nuclear crisis. The rise of China and the US counter-offensive have resulted in a changing strategic environment in East Asia. A need for balancing between the US and China has brought about ASEAN countries' desire to welcome Russia as a "balancer" or an "honest player" in the region. It corresponds with Russia's course on playing a greater role in regional cooperation and integration. Russia's improving ties in political, economic, energy and security dimensions have the potential to contribute to the stability of the emerging polycentric regional order in East Asia and development of Russia's regions of Siberia and the Far East.

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Gorban, Richard. "The phenomenon of freedom in terms of the specificity of national spirituality". Religious Freedom 1, n.º 19 (30 de agosto de 2016): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/rs.2016.19.1.913.

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In November 2013, before the Maidan, the decisive intent of which was the defense of human and national dignity, Professor A. Kolodnyi expressed the opinion that the leaders and leaders of the Ukrainian people did not always have the knowledge and historical vision of the ways of targeting the state's independence of the nation. In this context, the Ukrainian religious scholar noted: "The history of the philosophy of a particular people is not yet the history of the philosophical systems created by its thinking represents. Such a history of Ukrainian philosophy should still be explored, written. This requires the development of special techniques, a deep knowledge of the specificity of national spirituality. " So on the eve of the Ukrainian-Russian war, in which the independence of our state fights today, the task of Ukrainian scientists was to find new approaches to the construction of an adequate scientific picture of the development of philosophical thought in Ukraine. It is clear that such a picture is a strategic factor in state-building, since it should influence the formation of a national idea and state ideology and promote the education of the Ukrainian elite.

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Shakirov, O. I. "Whoever Comes to Us With a Cyber Sword: Russian and U.S. Approaches to Deterrence in Cyberspace". Journal of International Analytics 11, n.º 4 (24 de marzo de 2021): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2020-11-4-147-170.

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Developed in recent decades, the understanding of cyberspace as an environment in which a state can face serious threats to its security has contributed to a search for ways to prevent such threats. In the military and political spheres, the concept of deterrence has become one of the ways to solve this problem. During the Cold war, the policy of deterrence became central to the strategic thought in the leading countries, but the direct transfer of conventional approaches to a new reality turns out to be problematic. On the one hand, this opens up a debate about the ways to attain deterrence in cyberspace via traditional and new mechanisms. However, theoretical discussions on cyberspace deterrence highlight the limitations of this concept. At the same time, despite some uncertainties that stem from such a transfer, in practice, the leading states use the concept of deterrence in the context of their activities related to cyberspace, although they implement it differently. In this regard, the article suggests focusing on states’ interpretation of deterrence when designing and implementing their policies in this area, rather than on the problems of applying the concept of deterrence. Such a constructivist approach allows to reveal the peculiarities of the understanding of deterrence without considering them predetermined and identify common aspects of views. Using Russia and the United States as examples, we studied specific features of the application of the deterrence concept in respect to cyberspace in official documents and in the course of the practical implementation of their provisions. The analysis shows that countries interpret the concept of cyberspace deterrence in diff erent ways, with an emphasis on specific deterrence strategies. At the same time, Russia and the United States influenced each other while developing views on deterrence.

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GRIGORIEV, Oleg V. "THE ISSUES OF FALSIFICATION OF HISTORY OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR: CHINA’S ROLE IN THE VICTORY OVER MILITARISTIC JAPAN". Historical and social-educational ideas 10, n.º 6/1 (18 de enero de 2019): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-6/1-13-16.

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The article is devoted to questions of distortion of historical events in the modern world, which became a real weapon used in the war “for the minds of people”. According to the author, such a war, with the use of a wide arsenal of information and psychological means, against the Russian Federation has long been under way. The author is worried about the fact that in the Chinese media recently extensive information propaganda aimed at advancing Chinese historians’ assessments of the significance of the Chinese army during the Second World War and, thus, undermining the role of the Soviet Union in the victory over militaristic Japan. The author argues that this cannot be regarded as a well-thought out strategic information operation whose ultimate goal is to form the international public opinion on the recognition of China’s decisive value in Second World War. It is anticipated that this will provide China with a moral right to occupy a dominant position in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as additional opportunities to qualify for leadership in the modern international security system. The article examines some historical aspects of China’s role in the victory over militaristic Japan. A brief description of the assistance of the Soviet Union of China during the Second World War is given. The paper argues that the Chinese side maintained superiority in the fight against Japan, in connection with which it suffered a 35millionth loss. The author cites the opinion of the Russian military historians who believe that judging the contribution of one or another party only in terms of the number of victims does not seem to be quite correct, both from the militarypolitical point of view and purely psychological position. In conclusion, the article concludes that existing disagreements in approaches and assessments need to be eliminated on the principles of good-neighborliness and mutual respect. This requires active and consolidated performances by Russian and Chinese scientists and specialists at different levels, media support and other significant actions based on the agreed position of the leadership of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China.

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Mikail, Kiki. "Strategi Pendekatan dan Pengaruh Rusia di Kawasan Timur Tengah (2005-2019)". Ampera: A Research Journal on Politics and Islamic Civilization 1, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2020): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ampera.v1i2.5559.

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This study is an examination of Russia's approach and influence in the Middle East and focuses on Russia's soft politics in various Middle Eastern countries and their influence on Russian interests. The important question that will be answered in this research is how Russia can control its national interest and pressure in the Middle East geo politics. Even though after the cold war the US appeared dominant in global politics, Russia's maturity in the global political cannot be underestimated. Because Russia will continue to tightening partnerships with the countries that are anti-US dominant or at least have the same vision in global political practices including in Syria and Iran. Thus, the survival of Russia's national interest in the Middle East becomes an important factor to keep the rivalry of the two superpowers state, which is not infrequently a positive or even negative factor for the Middle Eastern countries.

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Ilin, A. B. "MODERN ECONOMY: ARE WE GOING TO THE EAST?!" Intellect. Innovations. Investments, n.º 6 (2023): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2023-6-11.

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The paper presents the author’s scientific views on the current state of the world economy, its either Western or Eastern self-determination in the process of economic history. The relevance of the research is determined by the transformation of relations between states, their strategic management and the development or stagnation of the business environment. The current situation poses the question of a civilizational choice for many countries: to join the BRICS, to declare their power in the G7, to determine their own independence or to be an observer. The author, through the genesis of the “Eastern” economy, the “Russian Idea” and the development of the Chinese and Middle Eastern economies, makes conclusions on the further path of the Russian economy. Definitely, due to the limited volume of the material, the author considers the branches that refer to his scientific research interests and concepts. The history of managerial and economic thought, as well as the genesis of public administration, allows to determine the prerequisites for a modern economy shaping. The drivers of the economy, to which the author refers China and the Persian Gulf countries, are transforming the business environment today. China is striving for a multi-polarity of the world, and the Arab Emirates are trying to ensure the future of generations through petrodollars, investing in trending industries and thereby forming a positive image of their actions, including mega-events. For Russia, on the one hand, new opportunities are opening for the entrepreneurial environment development, its own entrepreneurial culture shaping, new areas of entrepreneurial activity, import substitution. On the other hand, in modern conditions it is impossible to do without programs and projects to support the business environment, and, at the same time, strengthen control over the production and sale of goods and services. The article is rather conceptual, since it represents the author’s view of the current situation. Taking into consideration that the planning horizon today is limited to a mega-short-term period, the relevance of many scientific publications, in particular, J. Byrnes, [1], A. N. Shokhin [2], I. V. Guskova [3], A. L. Kudrin [4], M. Mazzucatto [5], may change with regular frequency.

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Булгакова, И. В., М. В. Панова y О. А. Швецова. "ANALYSIS OF READING LITERACY LEVEL OF STUDENTS OF NON-PHILOLOGICAL DEPARTMENTS OF VORONEZH HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE ASPECT OF ENHANCING OF HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY". Актуальные вопросы современной филологии и журналистики, n.º 1(40) (19 de marzo de 2021): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/aqmpj.2021.58.72.020.

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В данной статье говорится о важности повышения уровня читательской грамотности как одной из стратегических целей в решении задач повышения качества российского высшего образования. Поставленная в исследовании проблема представляется одной из ключевых в современной педагогической ситуации, о чем свидетельствует ряд постановлений правительства Российской Федерации, которые приводятся в представленной статье. Авторами настоящего исследования отмечается необходимость опоры при языковой подготовке обучающихся в системе высшего образования на современные требования к профессиональной компетентности будущих специалистов. В статье показана значимость расширения системы знаний, умений и навыков, важных для эффективной профессиональной деятельности выпускников. Доказывается необходимость улучшения читательской грамотности студентов нефилологических факультетов образовательных организаций, функционирующих на уровне высшего образования. В практической части представленного исследования авторами анализируется уровень читательской грамотности обучающихся нефилологических факультетов воронежских вузов, причем именно в аспекте процесса повышения качества образования в высшей школе. The given article focuses on the importance of enhancing the reading literacy quality as one of the strategic targets in solving the problems of enhancing of Russian higher education quality. The problem researched in the article is thought to be among the central ones in the modern educational situation, which is proved by a set of governmental documents of Russian Federation mentioned in the article. The necessity of basing on modern requirements to the professional competence of future specialists in the student language training in the system of higher education is empathized by the authors. The importance of developing the system of knowledge, skills and accomplishments, urgent for graduates’ professional activities, is demonstrated in the given research. The necessity of improving reading competency of the students of non-philological departments of higher education institutions is proved. In the practical segment of the given research the level of reader competency of the students of non-philological departments of Voronezh higher education institutions in the aspect of the process of enhancing high school education quality is analyzed.

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Ayvazyan, Armen. "Mother Tongue and the Origins of Nationalism". Armenian Folia Anglistika 2, n.º 1-2 (2) (16 de octubre de 2006): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2006.2.1-2.123.

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The article offers a comparative analysis of the data in Armenian, English, French and Russian sources trying to comment on the political and social settings in which a native language becomes a subject of nationwide love and pride. The author concludes that it happens when an ethnic group, which has already attained a high level of cultural awareness, adopts consistent and stable features typical of a nation. Later, with the support of the political elite, the intelligentsia carries out the further elaboration of the national self-consciousness which, in its turn, aims to analyze the elements of the national identity (including the national language) and to give theoretical and ideological explanations substantiating their necessity and efficiency.The author of the article states that as far back as the 5th century the Armenian intelligentsia highly regarded the cultural and political and strategic significance of the Armenian Language. Following the observations made by Pavstos Byuzand, Movses Khorenatsi and Yeghishe, the author comments on the clarity of the Armenian national self-consciousness and the high level of ideologization of the Armenian political thought. * This is an abridged version of the study with the same title that was originally published by the author in Armenian as Mayreni lezun yev azgaynakanutian skzbnavorume. haykakan yev yevropakan skzbnaghbyurneri hamematakan knnutiun (Yerevan, Matenadaran: Artagers, 2001, the updated 2nd ed. was published in 2004).

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Popkova, Elena G. "Historical review of the Russian market economy formation and development based on the works of Doctor of Economics, Prof. L.S. Shakhovskaya". RUDN Journal of Economics 31, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2023): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-3-385-399.

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Research focuses on the problem of incompleteness and unreliability of the existing scientific vision of the formation and development of a market economy in Russia. In the current vision, the boundaries of the stages of formation and development of a market economy in Russia are blurred, the transition to a market path of economic development has an ambiguous interpretation in the scientific literature and is mainly associated with the 1990s. The lack of a clear understanding of the essence, sequence and continuity of the stages of formation and development of a market economy in Russia causes the uncertainty of the current stage of this process. The purpose of this research is to develop a systematic scientific vision of the process of evolution of a market economy in Russia. The study provides a historical review of the formation and development of a market economy in Russia based on the works of Doctor of Economics, prof. L.S. Shakhovskaya, who stood at the origins of the formation of the scientific concept of the market economy of Russia and in her works reflected in detail the essence and features of each stage of its evolution. This article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Professor L.S. Shakhovskaya, was written by her students who are developing the scientific school founded by her. The proposed new scientific vision of the process of evolution of the market economy in Russia, which clearly determined the three stages of its evolution. The first stage (1991-1999) was associated with the transition from a planned to an open industrial market economy through privatization and deregulation. The second stage: (2000-2013) was the integration of Russia into the world economic system to form an open post-industrial market economy. The third (modern) stage (2014-2031) involves the strengthening of strategic academic and technological leadership for the transition to a neo-industrial market economy 4.0 through ensuring technological sovereignty. Research contributes to the development of scientific and economic thought through the formation of a systematic scientific vision of the process of evolution of the market economy in Russia, which rethought and clarified the history of the market economy in Russia, and also clarified the meaning of its current stage by reflecting its continuity and patterns of occurrence. The scientific novelty of the system vision is that it proved for the first time that the transition period is a whole set of periods involving the transformation of market relations with various targets and management measures.

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Chizhevskaya, M. "The Sanctions of Japan and the EU Against Russian Energy Sector During the 2022 Crisis". World Economy and International Relations 68, n.º 1 (2024): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-1-85-94.

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The aim of this article is to compare the measures taken by Japan and the European Union in response to the Ukrainian crisis escalation and subsequent world energy crisis. The article focuses on the sanctions policy of the two actors in the energy sphere, and the consequences from a socio-economic viewpoint. The volume of this study is limited to anti-Russian sanctions against basic fossil fuels – coal, crude oil, and natural gas. Under investigation are import restrictions, import diversification directions and EU–Japanese joint initiatives, taken to overcome the crisis under the US leadership. The study rests upon detailed statistical information from Japan’s and the EU’s, as well as international databases. Special attention is attributed to the problem of Russian gas import: Japan’s ongoing participation in the Sakhalin‑1 and 2 oil and gas projects, the routes of EU gas supplies alternative to Nord Stream‑1. The choice of actors is explained by the common situation which the EU and Japan found themselves in. Among the nations that introduced sanctions, they suffer the most, being short of natural resources and highly dependent on fossil fuel imports. Both imposed a wide range of sanctions in the energy sphere, following the hard line of the energy-independent United States. The paradox is that the EU, which is much more dependent on Russian fossil fuels, introduced much more severe sanctions than Japan. The author offers the following suggestion for this situation. First, Japan’s energy selfsufficiency ratio is lower than that of the EU, which is recognised by the G7 partners. Second, Japan, demonstrating full solidarity with Western countries, in contrast to the EU, still considers the Ukrainian crisis to be geographically distant, with relatively little effect on its domestic policy, except for the potential impact on the Taiwan Strait crisis escalation. Meanwhile, the energy crisis hits Japan directly, putting it into a situation where it must choose whether to follow the US’ and EU’s rigid approach, or to protect its own economic interests as much as possible. The study shows that, while the EU is putting democratic values protection ahead of the member states’ economic and social situation, Japan shows a more pragmatic approach in the energy sphere, trying to protect its industry and households from the devastating influence of the energy crisis, even if it goes against the G7 basic line and needs special approval. The degree of EU–Japan cooperation in solving common problems is seen as low. The absence of common proposals to overcome the crisis is explained by strategic dependence on the US, which is acting as the thought leader of the sanctions campaign under the G7 framework.

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Alekseeva, Natalia y Olga Stroganova. "Prospects in managing the distribution and use of energy". E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002087.

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Modern society is turning to the concept of Industry 4.0, which changes relationships with stakeholders, the implementation of the compa-ny’s business processes, introduces new products to the market, redistributes the consumption of resources, including energy. The market for the distri-bution and use of energy is also influenced by Industry 4.0. This increases the uncertainty of its development prospects in the middle and long term perspective. To implement strategic planning in the field of energy distribu-tion and use, it is necessary to forecast the processes that will occur in the business community, including those appearing under the influence of In-dustry 4.0. One of the ways to predict the future is to consider spheres of scientific thought that are currently receiving attention of researchers. This determines the relevance of the study. The aim of the study is to review the publication activity of the scientific community on the subject matter, pre-sented in the database of the Russian Science Citation Index, to determine the prospects in managing the distribution and use of energy. The paper shows that in the studies of Industry 4.0, most of the publications are devoted to digital technologies. It is presented that the publication activity in the field of digital technologies grows with exponential dependence. The article iden-tifies the most popular topics of research, which are recommended for the companies engaged in the distribution and use of energy. The article presents a rating of digital research that can be used to analyze the prospects in man-aging the distribution and use of energy.

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Saud, Adam y Kinza Arif. "US-India Strategic Alliance and CPEC ‘The Game Changer’: Prospects for Pakistan and Russian Cooperation". Central Asia 83, Winter (1 de mayo de 2019): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-83.27.

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South Asia equally occupies the title of the most sensitive region of the world. Regional politics is heavily governed under the principle of Balance of Power, where a continuous struggle to attain power persists amidst all the actors to ensure their state survival. A pragmatic shift in the regional politics has led to emergence of new alliances as Pak-Russian interests have coincided. Though Russia enjoys a strategic relationship with India, the Indo-U.S. nexus paves the way for Russia to extend its relations with Pakistan. Post 9/11 Russia has realized the strategic importance of Pakistan as a pivotal player towards achieving regional peace and security. The dwindling U.S. relations with Pakistan dictates latter’s policies to adopt enhanced bilateral relations with Russia and China. The extension of Pak-Russian relations will provide the latter to maintain its control over the Central Asian states, and provides Moscow with the wild card to counter Indian strategic tilt towards the U.S. CPEC initiative serves as a pivotal forum to further strengthen Pak-Russian relations and aid in development of mutual trust and cooperation. Creating a win-win situation for both actors to pursue and extend their strategic interests. This paper provides a qualitative analysis of the regional implications which are subtly governing the newly established relations while attempting to address the regional attributes which influence the newly established relations between Pakistan and Russia. Primarily, it focuses upon the economic and strategic interests of both states and how they align together according to the current regional scenarios. Apart from that, it also analyzes the interests of the US which exercise major influence over the regional states such as India and Afghanistan. Three questions are addressed to establish an understanding behind this cooperation which deems to be fruitful for both the states. These include how the existing Indo-US nexus contributes towards this strategic shift of partnership between Pakistan and Russia? How Indo-Afghan nexus is against Pakistani interest? And prospects for Russian connectivity with South and West Asia through China Pakistan Economic Corridor.

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Vasiliev, Anton A. y Yulia V. Pechatnova. "The Position of the Artificial Intelligence Among the Elements of the Legal Relationship". Digital Law Journal 1, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2020-1-4-74-83.

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The development of artificial intelligence necessitates the legal regulation of social relations associated with the use of new technologies. Today, fragmented regulatory regulation is noted in Russian law, expressed, as the rule, in strategic documents in which artificial intelligence technologies are reflected as cross-cutting technologies that contribute to the development of the digital economy. The purpose of this work is to determine the place of artificial intelligence among the elements of legal relations, which is seen as necessary for building the model of legal regulation of artificial intelligence. The research methodology is based on the set of methods of scientific knowledge, including abstract logical, formal legal and the method of correlation analysis. The article analyzes approaches to determining the place of artificial intelligence in the structure of legal relations. The scientific discussion is that some authors attribute artificial intelligence to the variety of objects of legal regulation; other authors admit that it is possible to consider artificial intelligence as the specific subject of law. As the result of research, the authors come to the conclusion that today artificial intelligence should be classified as the type of objects of legal regulation. In conclusion, the work also evaluates the possibilities and measures of the participation of artificial intelligence in legal activities. The authors come to the conclusion that today the cognitive potential of artificial intelligence has not yet reached the level of development that allowed it to repeat the thought processes of the lawyer in resolving the legal dispute. At the same time, artificial intelligence has tremendous potential to become the irreplaceable technological “assistant” for the lawyer, contributing to the improvement of the quality and efficiency of legal services.

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Kosiuk, Oksana. "Features of Coverage of the War in Ukraine On the Example of the Website of the Official Iranian Mass Media «Irna»". Obraz 44, n.º 1 (2024): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2024.1(44)-58-71.

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Introduction. After the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine all countries of the world gradually got involved into the war which is perceived and viewed differently. Iran suddenly became one of the biggest challenges for the international community since it is a supplier of mass destruction weapons which almost caused the energy collapse of Ukraine in November-December 2022. Relevance of the study. Despite the numerous statements of the leading mass media, Iran is still positioning its pacifism and non-involvement in the war in Ukraine. The USA, GB, Germany, France, Turkey, Israel get appropriately involve in the information conflict as one side and the other side is India, China, Syria, Afghanistan and other countries of the East. Methodology. To find out what the matters, we decided to investigate the deployment of events and the development of confrontations on the pages of the most official Iranian mass media – the national news agency "Irna" with the help of content analysis, analogy, modelling and synthesis. Results. As a result of the conducted research it became clear that during15 months of the war (having hesitated a little at its beginning) IRNA carefully "documented" the course of events, but it also revealed certain strategies for hiding uncomfortable information and activation of so-called jeansa (hiding advertisement). The most common ones include periodic repetition (almost instilling) of phrases about support for Ukraine and its territorial integrity; permanent introduction of Afghanistan, Palestine, Syria, Yemen in the context as it is also not peaceful in these countries, Israel, the USA and Turkey appear as a counterweight to the Ukrainian-Russian twists and turns; attempts to shift attention from the actual to the extraneous are also not neglected; common input of information on policies of Russia and Putin "under the sauce" of different protocol interviews, vlogs and "international expert evaluations"; very often the agency refers to dubious sources like social networks. However, even the strategic use of tricks does not make individual items of IRNA news at least seemingly credible. The thought involuntarily arises that public non-compliance with international standards has deep historical roots and is connected with sacred values. Conclusions. Having carried out a superficial analysis of the history and religions of ancient Persia, we came to a logical conclusion: from the most ancient times to the present, the production of culture is subject to the law of sacred deception, known among Shia Muslims as taqiya and kitman. Thus, the official sources of the Islam Republic have the full right to lie. Yet, of course, all this requires additional research.

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Dagi, Dogachan. "The Russian Stand on the Responsibility to Protect: Does Strategic Culture Matter?" Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 7, n.º 3 (6 de noviembre de 2020): 370–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797020962667.

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Though Russia has approved the doctrine of responsibility to protect (R2P) in the UN platforms it has often been placed rightly in the ‘sceptics group’ of states that are not at ease with the premises and practices of R2P. What is the basis of the Russian discontent? This article suggests the relevance of strategic culture in explaining the Russian position on R2P. It is based on the assertion that, in addition to humanitarian and moral aspects, responding to mass atrocities within the doctrine of R2P takes place in a context of security considerations since, in severe cases, it involves, among others, a military component under a UN Security Council mandate. As such the use of force, approving or disapproving, it is all related to the realm of security even if the motive and objective may be humanitarian. In the security domain, this article argues that Russian strategic culture, in interaction with its national identity, historical experiences and prevailing narratives, forms a loose code of conduct and a context within which strategic decisions concerning the use of force in responding to a humanitarian crisis are made. It is, thus, concluded that Russian strategic culture by constraining decision-makers, defining appropriate behaviour and reflecting insecurities and aspirations explains Russia’s approach to R2P’s normative propositions, legal standing and implementation in practice.

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Brutian, Anush. "Russian Foreign Policy Dynamics in the South Caucasus. Continuity and Existing Problems". Analytical Bulletin 14 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56673/18294502-22.14-129.

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History helps us to create a wider picture of the reality in which the South Caucasus exists now. That is why we are going to discover the influence of the Russian Imperial and Soviet eras on the states in the region and identify the causality of foreign policy relations between Russia and the South Caucasian states. The main question is why neither Russia nor any of the individual South Caucasian states succeeded in developing an effective strategy towards each other despite their shared borders in the Russia-Azerbaijan and Russia-Georgia cases and being a proclaimed strategic partner in the case of Armenia? How did the Soviet period influence the current state of relations between Russia and the South Caucasian states? Those are the issues analyzed in this paper. International relations in the South Caucasus are convoluted because of their rich and complicated past, among other things. Over the centuries, interstate relations inside the region developed in unpredictable directions. Georgia was a real partner for Russia in the conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century. Yet, since 1991, relations between Russia and Georgia have been tense at best. The proclaimed secular states of Azerbaijan, though mainly Shia, and Turkey, which is mostly Sunni, are now solid allies, whereas Armenia enjoys a relationship of trust with the Islamic Republic of Iran. Turkey, Iran, and Russia are still the main external players in the region though they have, to some extent, even become “domesticated”. Except for a brief period of turmoil during the Bolshevik Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War, the entire Caucasus remained within the Russian sphere of influence until the collapse of the Soviet Union. Even now Russia continues to play a significant role in economy, energy and security policy in the South Caucasus.

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Kostetska, Tetiana. "On electronic parliamentarism in ukraine: implementation strategy and development factors". Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, n.º 33 (septiembre de 2022): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/1563-3349-2022-33-314-324.

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The article is devoted to certain aspects of the strategy of e-democracy development conceptually defi ned in Ukraine a few years ago, the implementation of which are envisaged at the national, regional and local levels. The article deals with the characteristic trends of world theoretical thought and democratic practice, some doctrinal bases for the implementation of e-democracy processes. The main ones are: openness and accountability of public authorities at all its levels, transparency of the decision-making process, ensuring the participation of citizens on the basis of the use of modern communication technologies (ІСТ). The author points out that despite the increasing attention of researchers, both foreign and domestic, to the various issues of e-democracy, e-parliamentarism, e-parliament, e-government, set out in fundamental and applied works, scientifi c articles, etc., the need for new interpretations these phenomena remain. In the article pays attention to the correspondence of the developed directions and tasks to the theory and practice of e-democrac in strategic documents developed and adopted at the secondary level (The concept of e-democracy development in Ukraine and the action plan for its implementation, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from 8.11.2017, № 797-р.). Introduction of e-parliamentarism is one of the main components of its development process. In today’s realities, the issue of parliamentarism, understanding the role and purpose in a democratic state, its development in Ukraine, can be called one of the most relevant areas of research for modern domestic constitutionalism. Updated scientifi c generalizations of the concept of the functioning of parliamentarism in Ukraine are needed. At the same time, in this case we are talking about a political and legal category and a rather complex, multidimensional phenomenon, which in jurisprudence, as they admit, has not yet reached a common understanding of its essence. Based on international legal documents, in particular, on the functioning of modern national parliaments based on the use of ICT to ensure their eff ective functioning of parliament, transparency, openness, etc., one of the most important and promising components of e-democracy in Ukraine is electronic (digital) parliamentarism. At the same time, the need to analyze the eff ectiveness of the results of the implementation of certain strategic plans, positive developments, as well as possible shortcomings of the envisaged domestic model. It is emphasized that parliamentary activity is a refl ection of the processes taking place in society, the state, is an indicator of the level of democracy of the state, the maturity of civil society, a factor of stability of social development, etc. The future improvement of the Ukrainian parliament is connected with the development of the e-parliament. It is emphasizes, that the activities of the e-parliament in accordance with the strategic objectives were actually started before the full-scale Russian war against Ukraine. The author distinguishes separate areas, mechanisms for improving the forms of organization, functioning of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine as an e-parliament, its features in martial law. Key words: e-democracy, e-parliamentarism, e-parliament, information and communication technologies.

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Manikovskaya, M. A. "Humanitarian foundation of human capital: theoretical insights and regional explication". POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 100, n.º 3 (2022): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2022-100-3-160-170.

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Stable, growing development of the Far East is designed to ensure the national projects of the Russian Federation currently being implemented, one of which is «Culture». Its emphasis on strengthening civic identity on the basis of spiritual, moral and cultural values is fundamentally important. Since the key resource for achieving national goals and solving strategic tasks is human capital, it is no coincidence that this phenomenon is in the focus of the research attention of theorists and experts. The concept of «human capital», initiated by American scientists in the middle of the 20th century to solve the urgent economic problems, not only started a new direction in the world economic thought, but also provoked a controversy on the part of humanitarians regarding the correctness of using this phrase as a concept in an anthropological perspective. They saw in this phrase a loss of orientation towards the harmonic integrity of the universally self-fulfilling man. An analysis of the epistemological field formed by the problems of the phenomenon under study showed that the human capital theory developers did not claim to create a new anthropology based on economic knowledge and the competencies formed by it. At the same time, the critical position of the humanitarians is not groundless, as its supporters believed that the concept of «human capital» contains risks fraught with the human identity deformation due to the absolutization of economic determinism, emphasizing pragmatic prudence and not so much rationality. Humanitarians hated the assertion, driven by financial investments in the education, that the knowledge acquired in its process does not turn a person into a bearer of cultural values, but into a means of production, subject to depreciation and, therefore, replacement. We believe that it is possible to neutralize the noted risks by recognizing the humanities as the foundation of human capital. The humanitarian knowledge, philosophy, and art included in its content are aimed at the formation and strengthening of the completeness and harmonious integrity of human existence.

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Marushchenko, Myroslava. "THE WAYS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN DOCTORS OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN CANADA AND DOCTORS IN UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN CHALLENGES". Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, n.º 28 (2021): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2021.28.11.

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In the article, the current state of cooperation between Canadian Ukrainians and Ukrainian doctors analyzes. The urgency of modern challenges for cooperation is determined, in particular: pandemic restrictions due to the rapid spread of Covid-19 virus and a sharp restriction of direct professional contacts; the politicization of professional international cooperation in the conditions of Russian aggression; bureaucracy on the part of the management of medical institutions of Ukraine, unfinished state regulation of charitable organizations and international cooperation; insufficient development of charity in Ukraine. The activity of the main Cooperation programs between doctors Canadian Ukrainians and Ukrainian doctors is analyzed. The main focus of the article is on the analysis of the effectiveness of the Canadian-Ukrainian Pediatric Fellowship Program. The Medical Director of the Program is Professor James Rutka, and the Program Coordinator is Professor Myroslava Romach. The stages of organizing training meetings within the Program are indicated: planning and preparation for the meeting (goal setting and detailed planning); choice of locations, according to pre-thought-out criteria; the meeting itself (lectures and practical training, joint operations in 7 cities of Ukraine); further observation, assessment of the impact and results of the meeting, as well as planning of long-term cooperation. Analysis of the concrete results of cooperation is one of the most important stages of international cooperation, as it not only increases its efficiency but also ensures the targeted use of funds. It is determined that important factors that increase the effectiveness of interstate programs in the field of medicine are awareness of cooperation at the diplomatic level, coordinated cooperation at the local level, selection of reliable partners for cooperation, systematic contacts, activities, targeted, premeditated assistance, careful selection of applicants, changes in the means of communication in today's challenges. The work of the above-mentioned medical Ukraine Paediatric Fellowship Program can serve as an example of the organization of international cooperation in various directions of social and political life of modern Ukraine, and a guarantee of its high efficiency in clear strategic planning.

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Sokolov, Evgeniy G. "Еruption from the spiritual rank. To the 80th anniversary of Yu. N. Solonin". Philosophy of the History of Philosophy 2 (2021): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu34.2021.123.

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The article is devoted to the issues of the relationship between philosophy and power, the philosopher’s ascent to power. Although sufficient attention has been paid to the problems of state structure in classical philosophical systems since antiquity, and at the end of the 19th century an independent field — the philosophy of politics-was formed, precedents when philosophers took a direct part in the development and implementation of socio-political programs are extremely rare and unsuccessful. The cases of Plato and the Syracuse tyrant Dionysius, the activities of Confucius as a major state official, the French enlighteners and Catherine the Great, D. de Tracy and Napoleon I, M. Heidegger and the Third Reich, etc. this is perfectly demonstrated. Meanwhile, the focus on practice, on the purposeful introduction of ideas into existential and everyday experiences of life, including state-political, is as immanent to philosophy as pure speculation. Yu. N. Solonin is an example of such a practical philosopher, a state builder. Exploring philosophical problems in his philosophical theoretical works, successfully leading the Faculty of Philosophy of St Petersburg State University for almost a quarter of a century, he also took an active part in the political life of both St Petersburg and the whole country. The post of senator in the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, work in various committees and commissions, where they were conceptually articulated and received their strategic expression, which was then fixed in the laws adopted by the parliament, provided an opportunity to influence the development of the state, as well as to clearly verify the fairness or error of their purely intellectual conclusions. Therefore, the experience of combining the individual, concrete-activity and speculative-contemplative aspects of the existence of the producer of philosophical concepts (i. e. a philosopher), as well as how one affects the other, can also be understood within the framework of the general history of the evolution of philosophical thought as such.

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Ermolaev, Vladimir A., Dmitry A. Ruban, Natalia N. Yashalova, Natalia A. Latushko y A. J. (Tom) van Loon. "Missions of Russian Cheese Producers: Principal Components and Relevance for Rural Communities". Agriculture 10, n.º 3 (7 de marzo de 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10030068.

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Russia is one of the largest cheese producers in the world, which requires the well-balanced strategic management of all organizations involved. The content of ten mission statements of Russian cheese producers is analyzed by means of identification of the principal components according to the ’standard’ Pearce–David scheme. The analysis shows that the statements tend to deal with a variety of aspects, include, on average, 3.5 components; the most common components are philosophy (higher tasks of business) and product. These strategic declarations should be judged as modern and reflecting the strength of the Russian food industry and agriculture. Although it might be expected that the mission statements of Russian cheese producers should refer to rural communities, particularly since some of the enterprises are located in nationally important areas of milk agriculture, this expectation is only partly correct. The statements often deal with environmental issues, but ignore local social aspects. Cheese production opens perspectives for joint eco- and rural tourism development, which requires that cheese be considered as a kind of heritage. This is not the case in the mission statements under study, however, even though ideas about heritage value are implicitly present. The outcomes of the present study may have practical implications for Russian cheese producers, and emphasize the need for strategic management studies concerning cheese-producing organizations.

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