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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Sand pile"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 7 de junio de 2025

Última modificación: 2 de agosto de 2025

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1

Li, Zheming, Malcolm D. Bolton, and Stuart K. Haigh. "Cyclic axial behaviour of piles and pile groups in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 9 (2012): 1074–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-070.

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Piled foundations are often subjected to cyclic axial loads. This is particularly true for the piles of offshore structures, which are subjected to rocking motions caused by wind or wave actions, and for those of transport structures, which are subjected to traffic loads. As a result of these cyclic loads, excessive differential or absolute settlements may be induced during the piles’ service life. In the research presented here, centrifuge modelling of single piles and pile groups was conducted to investigate the influence of cyclic axial loads on the performance of piled foundations. The inf

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2

Lee, Su-Hyung, and Choong-Ki Chung. "An experimental study of the interaction of vertically loaded pile groups in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 5 (2005): 1485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-068.

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The interactions among closely located piles and a cap in a pile group are complex. The current design practice for vertically loaded pile groups roughly estimates their overall behavior and generally yields conservative estimations of the group capacity. For a proper pile group design, factors such as the interaction among piles, the interaction between cap and piles, and the influence of pile installation method all need to be considered. This paper presents the results of the model test, which can be used to better understand the interactions of vertically loaded pile groups in granular soi

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3

Bralović, Nemanja, Iva Despotović, and Danijel Kukaras. "Experimental Analysis of the Behaviour of Piled Raft Foundations in Loose Sand." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (2022): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010546.

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This paper presents the experimental analysis that was conducted on small-scale 1g physical models of piled raft foundation structures with a group of 2 × 2 piles in loose sand. The purpose of the piles was to reduce the settlement of the raft. The test program included twelve experiments, three of which were conducted on a raft alone and nine on piled rafts at pile distances of 3d, 4d, and 5d and pile lengths of 10d, 20d, and 40d, where d is pile diameter. The test results show that the current conventional approach to design of piled raft foundations, at a high safety load factor in piles th

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4

Alawneh, Ahmed Shlash, Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi, and Husein Al-Deeky. "Tension tests on smooth and rough model piles in dry sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36, no. 4 (1999): 746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-104.

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In order to delineate the significant variables affecting the ultimate uplift shaft resistance of a pile in dry sand, a testing program comprising 64 pullout tests was conducted on open- and closed-ended rough and smooth model piles of two sizes (41 and 61 mm outside diameter). The model piles were installed in medium dense and dense sand to an embedded depth of 0.8 m using two methods of pile placement, static jacking and driving. A rigid steel box measuring 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.3 m was used as a sand container. The results obtained from this study indicated that pile placement method, initial sand

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5

Wan, Zhihui, Heng Liu, Feng Zhou, and Guoliang Dai. "Axial Bearing Mechanism of Post-Grouted Piles in Calcareous Sand." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 2731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052731.

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Post-grouted piles, as a foundation form for large-span and large-scale structures on calcareous sand, are expected to provide a high bearing capacity, but research on the response of post-grouted piles subjected to axial load in calcareous sand is still in the exploratory stage. In this paper, a model test is constructed for static pressure piles in calcareous sand under axial loading. The response of axial compressive piles, with and without post-grouting, in calcareous sand were investigated, and the test results were compared with those of axial compressive piles, with and without post-gro

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6

Elsawwaf, Mostafa, Marwan Shahien, Ahmed Nasr, and Alaaeldin Magdy. "The behavior of piled rafts in soft clay: Numerical investigation." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 31, no. 1 (2022): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0050.

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Abstract This research aims to investigate the applicability and performance of piled rafts in soft clay. This aim has been achieved by studying how the pile length, pile number, raft-soil relative stiffness, and presence of a sand cushion beneath the raft would affect piled raft settlement, differential settlement, and load sharing. Piled rafts have been numerically simulated using PLAXIS 3D software. Experimental testing results were used to verify the numerical simulation. The portion of the load carried by the piles to the total applied load was represented by the load sharing ratio (GPR).

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7

Sastry, V. V. R. N., and G. G. Meyerhof. "Behaviour of flexible piles in layered sands under eccentric and inclined loads." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 4 (1994): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-060.

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The lateral soil pressures, bending moments, pile displacements at ground surface, and bearing capacity of instrumented vertical single flexible model piles in layered sands consisting of loose sand overlying compact sand under vertical eccentric and central inclined loads have been investigated. The results of these load tests are compared with theoretical estimates based on the concept of an effective embedment depth of equivalent rigid piles. Reasonable agreement has been found between the observed and predicted behaviour of flexible piles. The analyses are also compared with the results of

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8

Joshi, R. C., Gopal Achari, and Shenbaga R. Kaniraj. "Effect of loading history on the compression and uplift capacity of driven model piles in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 2 (1992): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-038.

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Model piles were tested in dry uniform sand to study the effect of loading history on the behaviour of piles in compression and tension. A sand bed was prepared by the raining technique, and a smooth cylindrical instrumented pile was driven into the sand. Load tests on piles were conducted at a constant rate of penetration of 0.5 mm/min. The effects of length to diameter (L/D) ratio and sand density were also investigated. The load transfer along the pile surface was studied for an L/D ratio of 33. The pile tip resistance was measured for model piles with L/D ratios of 20–33 and was generally

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9

Al-Neami, Mohammed, and Mariam Wasmi. "Influence of cyclic loading on performance of steel piles in sandy soil." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816201012.

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This paper introduces an experimental study to clarify the response of steel pile models exposed to the cyclic loading. Thirty six models of two types of steel piles are tested (open ended pile and H-pile) with lengths equal to (30, 40, and 50) cm. Three diameters (2.5, 3.5, and 4.1) cm for open ended pipe pile and three flange widths (2.6, 3.6, and 4.4) cm for H-pile are investigated. Jacking technique is employed to installed piles models in dry sandy samples with two different relative densities (60% for medium sand 80% for dense sand). It is found that the pile geometry (diameter and lengt

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10

B., M. Kalbande, I. Dhatrak A., and W. Thakare S. "Experimental Assessment of Performance of XCC Pile in Sand." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 4346–51. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C6244.029320.

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XCC (X-Section Cast in place Concrete) pile is new type of pile developed on the basis of cast-in-place pile from the conventional circular pile and capable of resisting displacement. In this study, an attempt is made to investigate the performance of XCC Pile under different loading conditions viz., vertical loading, lateral loading and uplift loading. Experimental investigation is carried out on small scale model piles embedded in sand, by changing type of loading and distance between arc to diameter ratio of the pile. The relative density of soil, type of soil and spacing between the piles

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11

Khari, Mahdy, Khairul Anuar Kassim, and Payman Alimohammadi. "Response of Single and Grouped Pile Subjected to Lateral Load in Cohesionless Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1397.

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Piles are generally required to transfer load from a superstructure through weak or compressible strata, or through water, on to stiffer and less compressible soils and rock. The pile behavior is very important in Soil-Pile interaction (as known Kinematic Interaction) so that grouped and single pile behavior differs owing to the impacts of the pile-to-pile interaction. In this research presents a series of experimental investigations carried out on single and group pile subjected to monotonic lateral loadings. The aluminum model piles were tested in the different relative densities in Johor Ba

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12

SHAPOVAL, A. B., and M. G. SHNIRMAN. "SAND DENSITY AS SANDPILE DESCRIPTOR." International Journal of Modern Physics C 19, no. 06 (2008): 995–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183108012637.

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We investigate a collection of one-parametric families of isotropic sandpile models. The models involve the square lattice slowly accumulating the grains and quickly transferring them as the local piles become over-critical. The paper groups the sand-piles with respect to two features influencing the model dynamics. They are the value of the local transfer's stochasticity and the number of the transferred grains. Every pair generates one-parametric family of the sand-piles. The parameter reflects the relative height of an over-critical pile with respect to the incoming flow of sand. If the sto

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13

Zhu, Fangcai, Zhijia Yang, Qing Liu, et al. "Experimental Study on Pile Load Transfer Considering Rice Stone Filled-In Gaps between Steel Drive Pipe and Pile Casing in Karst Region." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (2023): 14659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014659.

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For a guarantee of perpendicularity and stiffness in piles in Karst areas, full rotary cast-in-place piles are often utilized, steel pipes are rotarily driven into a stratum, and inner-steel pile casing is positioned. With the engineering background of the bridge piles of Guinan high-speed railway in Guangxi autonomous region, the space between steel drive pipe is filled with rice stones, the load-transfer mechanism of which was studied. An apparatus was designed for pullout of the drive pipe, rice stones are replaced with coarse stones, a simplified organic glass-pipe model is put forward, an

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14

Gao, Yan, Zixin Guo, and Quan Yuan. "Pile Driving and the Setup Effect and Underlying Mechanism for Different Pile Types in Calcareous Sand Foundations." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (2024): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010133.

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The mechanical response and deformation characteristics in calcareous sand foundations during pile driving and setup were studied using model tests combined with the technical methods of tactile pressure sensors and close-range photogrammetry. Different types of piles were considered, including a pipe pile, square pile and semi-closed steel pipe pile. The test results show that during pile driving, the pile tip resistance of different piles increases with an increase in the pile insertion depth, and an obvious fluctuation is also obtained due to the particle breakage of the calcareous sand and

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15

Gavin, Kenneth, and Barry Lehane. "Base load – displacement response of piles in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 9 (2007): 1053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-048.

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The paper presents the results of a series of laboratory and field model pile tests performed to study the factors controlling the base pressure – settlement reponse of piles in sand. One series of tests involved the installation and load testing of steel open- and closed-ended piles in loose sand contained in a large pile testing chamber. A second series involved tests on open- and closed-ended steel piles and a concrete bored pile at a dense sand test bed site. The experiments were designed to investigate the effects of pile type, sand consistency, and installation resistance on a pile’s bas

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16

Yalcin, A. S., and G. G. Meyerhof. "Bearing capacity of flexible piles under eccentric and inclined loads in layered soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 6 (1991): 909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-108.

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The bearing capacity of flexible model piles and small pile groups under axial, lateral, and various combinations of eccentric and inclined loads in layered soil consisting of clay overlying sand is investigated. Ultimate pile capacity is found to depend on the eccentricity and inclination of the load and, more significantly, on the ratio of the upper layer thickness to pile embedment. Theoretical estimates based on the concept of effective pile embedment ratio and expressed in terms of equivalent rigid piles agree reasonably well with the experimental values. The behaviour of 2 × 2 flexible m

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17

Hou, Jin Fang, Jian Yu, and Xin Wei Xu. "Research on the Large Size Loading Plate Test of Underwater Sand Compaction Pile Composite Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.574.

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Large size loading plate test for sand compaction pile composite foundations with the replacement ratio being up to 60% was carried out to study the deformation and bearing capacity of the sand compaction pile composite foundation. The test was carried out for 53 days with anchor pile, square loading with the side length of 5.4m, 15m-deep water and twice circulation loading mode. The compression deformation, pile-soil stress ratio and deformation modulus of the sand compaction pile composite foundation was analyzed through load test. Test results indicated that, the ultimate bearing capacity o

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18

Georgiadis, M., C. Anagnostopoulos, and S. Saflekou. "Centrifugal testing of laterally loaded piles in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 2 (1992): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-024.

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Results of an investigation of the response of piles in sand, under lateral loads, are presented. Model piles of three different diameters and flexural stiffnesses were tested in a centrifuge apparatus to determine prototype pile behavior. The experimental results, consisting of pile head displacements and bending moment distributions along the pile length, were interpreted, analyzed, and compared with the results of several numerical analyses. The piles were treated as elastic beams on nonlinear springs, examining several different types of soil reaction relationship (p-y curves). A new p-y r

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19

Fan, Hu, Yan Zhuang, Jinxin Li, and Zhi Chen. "Pile Arrangement for Minimizing Plastic Deformation in Pile-Supported Immersed Tunnel under Seismic Loads." Applied Sciences 13, no. 22 (2023): 12331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212331.

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The plastic region of piles under seismic loads is a crucial concern in seafloor improvement design. This paper establishes a physical model of the sand compaction pile-immersed tunnel–water pressure system. This research studies pile arrangements that minimize the sand compaction pile plastic region under seismic loads. The experiments were validated through numerical simulations. The results show that “X-shaped” and rectangular pile groups increase the Energy Residual Index (ERI) due to differences in pile spacing and the instability of the quadrilateral prism damping units formed by piles a

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20

Teji, Biya Degefu, and Argaw Asha Ashango. "Performance Optimization of Piled Raft Foundations in Layered Soil under Uniform Vertical Loading Using Plaxis 3D." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2023 (November 20, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6693876.

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Piled raft foundations are composite foundations that combine piles and raft to support civil engineering structure and to reduce the settlement. The data were obtained from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In this study, the effects of raft thickness, number of piles, pile length, spacing of piles, and pile diameter on the response of piled-raft foundations were investigated using the finite element-based program Plaxis 3D for layered soils (medium to very stiff high plastic silty clay and medium to very dense silty sand soil) subjected to uniform vertical loading. The results showed that increasing th

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21

Spagnoli, Giovanni, and Cristina de Hollanda Cavalcanti Tsuha. "Review of torque models for offshore helical piles." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020512007.

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Helical (or screw) piles, sometimes defined as anchors, are a piled system consisting of one or multiple helices welded along the shaft. Piles are installed by applying a torque to the shaft. The pile is rotated into the soil and the rate of advancement should be an amount equal to the pitch for each rotation in order to minimize the disturbance of the original soil. Torque is maybe the most important parameter to be assessed during pile installation. In fact, torque and uplift capacity are directly proportional. Generally, torque depends on the soil conditions and on the geometrical features

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22

Pinto, Paulo, Michael McVay, Marc Hoit, and Peter Lai. "Centrifuge Testing of Plumb and Battered Pile Groups in Sand." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1569, no. 1 (1997): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1569-02.

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Pile groups are generally used under structures subject to heavy axial loads or large lateral forces with or without scour. The focus in this paper is only on pile groups subject to large lateral forces. Currently, little, if any, full-scale lateral load data exist on pile groups that vary pile head fixity or batter. Reported here is the summary of a series of centrifuge tests on free- and fixed-head plumb and battered pile groups. Influence of pile head constraint, pile spacing, soil density, and vertical dead load is reported for groups ranging from 3 × 3 to 3 × 7 in size. Results reveal a s

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23

Meyerhof, G. G., and R. D. Purkayastha. "Ultimate pile capacity in layered soil under eccentric and inclined loads." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22, no. 3 (1985): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t85-051.

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The ultimate bearing capacity of rigid model piles and pile groups in layered soil consisting of clay overlying sand has been investigated for various combinations of eccentricity and inclination of load and with varying thicknesses of clay layer. The effect of eccentricity and inclination of the load and thickness ratios of clay layer to pile embedment in the sand on the bearing capacity can be represented by simple interaction relationships to estimate the ultimate load. The results of load tests on single model piles and freestanding pile groups are presented in the form of polar bearing ca

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24

Gavin, Kenneth G., and Barry M. Lehane. "The shaft capacity of pipe piles in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, no. 1 (2003): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-093.

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This paper describes results from an experimental programme that investigated factors affecting the shaft capacity of open-ended (pipe) piles in sand. A number of jacked pile installations in a test chamber filled with loose sand were performed using both open- and closed-ended, 114 mm diameter piles. The test series was designed to investigate the effects of in situ stress level, pile end condition, and degree of plugging on the development of pile shaft resistance. The results indicate that the maximum local shaft resistance that can develop at a given location on a pipe pile may be expresse

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25

Zhang, Cong, Zhongju Feng, Yunhui Guan, Huiyun Chen, Fuchun Wang, and Boxi Xu. "Study on Liquefaction Resistance of Pile Group by Shaking Table Test." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (January 25, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5074513.

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This study investigated the antiliquefaction property of the pile group. It is shown in the pore pressure ratio, pile acceleration, and bending moment response of saturated silt fine sand. The response law of pile acceleration and bending moment during liquefaction development is proved. The results show that liquefaction occurs in single piles, four piles, and six piles under the action of 0.35 g seismic wave. But the time of liquefaction is different. There is an obvious difference in the response of pile acceleration and bending moment during liquefaction. Liquefaction in the saturated silt

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26

Al-mosawe, Mosa Jawad, A’amal Abdul Ghani Al-Saidi, and Faris Waleed Jawad. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Piled Raft Foundation with Different Length of Piles Under Static Loads." Journal of Engineering 19, no. 5 (2023): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2013.05.02.

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In order to understand the effect of (length of pile / diameter of pile) ratio on the load carrying capacity and settlement reduction behavior of piled raft resting on loose sand, laboratory model tests were conducted on small-scale models. The parameters studied were the effect of pile length and the number of piles. The load settlement behavior obtained from the tests has been validated by using 3-D finite element in ABAQUS program, was adopted to understand the load carrying response of piled raft and settlement reduction. The results of experimental work show that the increase in (Lp/dp) r

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27

Chen, Yadong, Fan Lu, Abdoullah Namdar, and Jiangdong Cai. "Working Mechanism of Pile Group with Different Pile Spacing in Dense Sand." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (July 4, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5376594.

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Complex interaction mechanism exists between the pile group and soil. To realize the pile-soil load transmission mechanism in detail, the failure pattern of pile groups installed in dense sand considering different pile spacing was investigated by means of laboratory experimental model test and three-dimensional discrete element method. The results suggested that the narrow pile spacing was beneficial to the development of the pile tip resistance, and it enhanced the bearing performance of the pile group at the initial stage of settlement. The pile spacing changed the shaft resistance pattern

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28

Hanna, A. M., and A. Afram. "Pull-out capacity of single batter piles in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 3 (1986): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-054.

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The pull-out capacity of single rigid vertical and batter piles in sand and subjected to axial loading has been investigated. Good agreement was found when test results on instrumented model piles were compared with theoretical estimates. The effect of pile inclination on the pull-out capacity has been explained by means of variable mobilized passive earth pressure on the pile's perimeter. A design method and charts are presented. Key words: pile foundation, pull-out capacity, vertical pile, batter pile, sand–soil mechanics.

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29

Ergun, Mehmet Ufuk, and Devrim Sönmez. "Negative skin friction from surface settlement measurements in model group tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 6 (1995): 1075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-105.

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Groups of model wood piles driven to end bearing through dense sand over soft clay were used to determine the relative settlement of the soil surface inside and outside the groups as the soil was compressed by air pressure. Square 30 mm piles at spacings of 2 to 6 times the pile width were used in groups of 3 × 3, 4 × 4, and 5 × 5. The results indicate that pile group effects were negligible at pile spacings at 5 to 6 pile widths. Key words : negative friction, model study, pile groups, sand.

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30

Bak, Jongho, Byung-hyun Choi, Junwon Lee, Jonghwan Bae, Kicheol Lee, and Dongwook Kim. "Behaviour of Single and Group Helical Piles in Sands from Model Experiments." MATEC Web of Conferences 278 (2019): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927803007.

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Mainly used foundations of oil sand plants are drilled shafts or driven piles. As environmental regulations become increasingly strict, complete removal of the foundation is becoming more important during the step of plant dismantling. However, it is difficult to remove completely drilled shafts or driven piles which are deeply installed to obtain more bearing capacity. Helical piles can be easily removed and recycled after use. This study analyses the behaviour of single and group helical piles in sands. For single helical piles, pile load tests of helical piles were conducted varying helix s

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31

Omer, Joshua, and Hasan Haroglu. "Tests on Model Piled Rafts in Sand: Measured Settlements Compared with Finite Element Predictions." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 39, no. 4 (2021): 3271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01664-0.

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AbstractLaboratory tests were carried out on non-piled rafts, single piles, surface contacting and non surface-contacting piled rafts which were made of aluminum and instrumented with strain gauges and deflection gauges. The foundations were installed in dry sand contained in a large metal tank to minimize boundary effects. Maintained loads were applied to each foundation until failure was closely approached. In parallel, analyses were performed using PLAXIS™ 3-D finite element program to compare the calculated and measured load-settlement trends hence assess the influence of soil stiffness on

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32

Syed, Aaqib Javed, Salsabiyl Anika, Nasrin Jubaida Farhana, Zahidul Islam Md., and Islam Shafiqul. "Comparative Cost Analysis of Pile Foundation with Soil Improvemnet of a Reclaimed Area." Journal of Earthquake Science and Soil Dynamics Engineering 2, no. 3 (2020): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3604609.

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Soil liquefaction is the most hazardous phenomenon for buildings, highways, railways and other structures in recent past years. Liquefaction of soil followed by earthquakes has always been a source of danger for the people living in the highly vulnerable seismic zones of the world. Dhaka city is expanding rapidly on reclaimed land due to rapid increase of population. The behavior of piles in reclaimed areas is significantly affected if the soil liquefies. Therefore, soil improvement is necessary. This paper discusses the variation of cost of piles of a reclaimed area with and without consideri

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33

Marshall, Alec M., and Robert J. Mair. "Tunneling beneath driven or jacked end-bearing piles in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 12 (2011): 1757–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-067.

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This paper presents centrifuge model test data that relate to the problem of tunneling beneath driven or jacked end-bearing piles in sand. The centrifuge model consisted of a tunnel and two piles and allowed for the acquisition of subsurface digital images throughout the tests. Soil and pile displacements were measured using particle image velocimetry and close-range photogrammetry techniques. The piles were jacked into the ground in-flight prior to tunnel volume loss to obtain ground stress profiles representative of conditions around driven or jacked piles. Patterns of displacements and calc

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34

Yuan, Bingxiang, Minjie Chen, Weijie Chen, Qingzi Luo, and Hongzhong Li. "Effect of Pile-Soil Relative Stiffness on Deformation Characteristics of the Laterally Loaded Pile." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (May 12, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4913887.

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Laterally loaded piles are widely used in structural foundations under horizontal loads such as wave load, wind load, seismic load, and traffic load. Based on the complexity of pile-soil interaction, a test simulation of single pile through the indoor 1 g model test was conducted, in order to study the influence of different loading heights and relative stiffness of pile and soil on the bending moment, soil resistance, and horizontal displacement of pile. It is found that the shear modulus of soil from large to small is arranged as dry fine sand, dry coarse sand, saturated fine sand, and satur

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35

Zhang, Limin, Michael C. McVay, and Peter W. Lai. "Centrifuge modelling of laterally loaded single battered piles in sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36, no. 6 (1999): 1074–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-072.

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Centrifuge lateral load tests were performed on single battered piles at five pile inclinations founded in both medium-dense (relative density Dr = 55%) and loose (Dr = 36%) sands. The effects of pile batter and soil density on lateral resistance were studied. Pile batter had significant effects in dense sands but minor effects in loose sands. Based on the test results, nonlinear p-y curves, where p is the soil resistance in unit length and y is the lateral deflection of the pile, were developed for single piles at any angle (positive or negative) and sand density. The developed p-y curves wer

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36

Sakr, Mohammed. "Performance of helical piles in oil sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 9 (2009): 1046–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-044.

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The results of a comprehensive pile load-test program and observations from field monitoring of helical piles with either a single helix or double helixes installed in oil sand are presented in this paper. Eleven full-scale pile load tests were carried out including axial compression, uplift, and lateral load tests. The results of the full-scale load tests are used to develop a theoretical design model for helical piles installed in oil sand. Test results confirm that the helical pile is a viable deep foundation option for support of heavily loaded structures. The test results also demonstrate

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37

Huang, Zhen, Ben Liang, Ziming Xiong, Hao Lu, Minqian Sun, and Xiao Guo. "An Experimental Study on the Seismic Response of Vertical and Batter Pile Foundations at Coral Sand Sites." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 4 (2025): 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040640.

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Liquefaction and earthquake damage to coral sand sites can cause engineering structure failure. Both testing and analyzing the seismic response characteristics of pile groups on coral sand sites are highly important for the seismic design of engineering structures. To address the lack of research on the seismic dynamic response of group pile foundations in coral sand sites, this study analyzes the characteristics of the seismic dynamic response of vertical and batter pile foundations for bridges in coral sand liquefaction foundations via the shaking table model test and investigates the variat

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38

Li, Fu Rong, Hou Chao Sun, and Qian Zhou. "Design and Test of Self-Draining Pile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.289.

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putting out a new pile type, that is, making the precast concrete pile with a vertical side channel and pouring the yellow sand, which lead to the pile had the self-draining function, reduce the soil squeezing effect of precast concrete pile construction in saturated soft clay, that is, the design principles and methods of self-draining pile. Indoor model test showed that the self-draining piles could reduce the pore water pressure, and its effect was obviously, its role is equivalent to sand wells, sand bags wells or plastic drain board, which meet the requirements of the construction techniq

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39

Ashour, Mohamed, and Hamed Ardalan. "p–y curve and lateral response of piles in fully liquefied sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 6 (2012): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-019.

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This paper provides a technique to assess the response of laterally loaded piles and associated p–y curves in fully liquefied soils (where p is the soil–pile reaction and y is the pile deflection). The technique accounts for the variation of water pressure in the liquefied soils around the pile and its impact on the shape of the p–y curves and the pile lateral response. A constitutive undrained stress–strain model for fully liquefied saturated sands using the basic properties of sand is established to predict the post-liquefaction varying resistance of liquefied sands at different levels of lo

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40

Ismael, Nabil F., Hasan A. Al-Sanad, and Fahad Al-Otaibi. "Tension tests on bored piles in cemented desert sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 4 (1994): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-070.

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The load transfer of bored piles in medium dense cemented sands was examined by field tests at two sites. At the first site, two bored piles were tested in axial tension to failure. One pile was instrumented with strain guages to measure the axial load distribution at all load increments. The results indicate significant load transfer along the pile length. The average shaft resistance measured was 80 and 100 kN/m2 in medium-dense and very dense, weakly cemented calcareous sand, respectively. At the second site, a tension test was carried out on a bored pile in uncemented cohesionless sand. By

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41

SALES, Mauricio Martines, Monica PREZZI, Rodrigo SALGADO, Yoon Seok CHOI, and Jintae LEE. "LOAD-SETTLEMENT BEHAVIOUR OF MODEL PILE GROUPS IN SAND UNDER VERTICAL LOAD." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 23, no. 8 (2017): 1148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1396559.

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Model pile load testing is effective to study the load-settlement behaviour of pile foundations given the controlled environment in which the testing is done. This paper reports a testing program in a large calibration chamber involving individual piles and pile groups installed in sand samples of three different densities. Tests on both nondisplacement and driven piles are evaluated to assess the influence of the pile installation process on pile load-settlement response. A method is proposed to predict the load-settlement response of a pile group based on the response of a single pile. The

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42

Li, Pan, Yangyang Xia, Xinhui Xie, et al. "Study on Vertical Bearing Capacity of Pile Foundation with Distributed Geopolymer Post-Grouting on Pile Side." Materials 17, no. 2 (2024): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17020398.

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To study the applicability of the new geopolymer grouting material for super-long and large-diameter post-grouting bored piles in silty fine sand geology, this paper compares the bearing capacity of two grouting materials, geopolymer and normal Portland cement, and different grouting volume pile side-distributed grouting piles in silty fine sand based on field model tests are analyzed through the diffusion forms of the two materials in silty fine sand through the morphology of the grouted body after excavation. The results show that the ultimate bearing capacities of P0 (ungrouted pile), P1 (8

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43

McVay, Michael C., Limin Zhang, Sangjoon Han, and Peter Lai. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups with Pile Caps at Variable Elevations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1736, no. 1 (2000): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1736-02.

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A series of lateral load tests were performed on 3×3 and 4×4 pile groups in loose and medium-dense sands in the centrifuge with their caps located at variable heights to the ground surface. Four cases were considered: Case 1, pile caps located above the ground surface; Case 2, bottom of pile cap in contact with the ground surface; Case 3, top of pile cap at the ground surface elevation; and Case 4, top of pile cap buried one cap thickness below ground surface. All tests with the exception of Case 1 of the 4×4 group had their pile tips located at the same elevation. A special device, which was

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44

Wang, Qingshan, Zhaoran Xiao, Xianqiang Zhao, and Dakuo Feng. "The Effects and Vertical Bearing Capacity of Two Jacked Model Piles in Sand." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (2022): 14493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114493.

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The effects and vertical bearing capacity of two jacked piles in sand are still not well understood, and the mechanism of the adjacent pile’s uplift caused by the jacking pile in a double pile system is especially unclear, but these facets are important to the stability of the jacked pile. In this paper, a series of tests is performed on jacked model piles in sand, where in the influences of the pile length and the driving pile’s speed on the effects and vertical bearing capacity of two jacked piles were studied. The results revealed that the effects and vertical bearing capacity of the two ja

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45

Gunawan, H., L. Flessati, and P. Marveggio. "Optimizing foundation performance: the impact of raft on piled raft foundation in sand." Géotechnique Letters 15, no. 2 (2025): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.24.00136.

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Conventional piled foundation designs tend to be overly conservative since the beneficial role of the raft is often neglected by assuming the piles to be the only part of the structure interacting with the soil. The contribution of the raft to the global response of the foundation is particularly important in the case of “large” piled rafts, where the pile length is comparable to the raft width. This configuration, although not theoretically optimal, is common for existing foundations of bridges and high-rise buildings. Although the beneficial effect of raft–pile–soil interaction on both beari

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46

Hsieh, Meng Hsiu, Wen Yi Hung, and Chung Jung Lee. "Centrifuge Seismic Test on Seismic Behavior of Pile Group in Liquefiable Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 1041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.1041.

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A series of grouped-model piles (2×2) centrifuge shaking table tests at an acceleration of 80 g was conducted to simulate seismic responses of a grouped-piles embedded in liquefiable sandy soil subjected to different magnitudes of earthquake loading. The tested grouped-piles connected with a pile cap are used to support 4 sets of model dry storage tank.Different test conditions including elevations of pile cap, elevations of ground water table, and dry and saturated sand beds all are reported in the study. Sensors (i.e., strain gauges along the depths of pile for measuring the bending moments,

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47

Leung, C. F., F. H. Lee, and N. S. Yet. "The role of particle breakage in pile creep in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33, no. 6 (1996): 888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-119.

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It has been reported in the literature that the settlement of pile foundations in sand under sustained service loads is time dependent. As this phenomenon is not well understood, an experimental study is conducted to investigate the mechanism of pile creep in sand. In the first part of the study involving centrifuge modelling of piles, the test results show that the pile settlement increases with the logarithm of time and the rate of settlement increase is dependent upon the magnitude of applied load and sand density. The changes in the soil and pile stresses observed from instruments installe

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48

Nguyen Quoc, Van, Sang Nguyen Thanh, Tien Trinh Trung, et al. "Study the working of piles on the slope ground subjected to horizontal loading by numerical simulation method." Transport and Communications Science Journal 72, no. 1 (2021): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.72.1.7.

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Numerical modelling is an efficient method to investigate the effects of the distance from pile centreline to pile centreline on the working of laterally loaded piles considering the shear plastic deformations of the ground. The paper presents the research results the effects of piles spacing on the sloping ground including sand and clay layers subjected to horizontal loading according to the finite element method by ABAQUS software. Group of authors simulate the soil-pile interface, capable of incorporating the gapping and sliding in the soil-pile interfaces for both sand and clay layers. The

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49

Trung, Le Thiet, Duong Diep Thuy, and Pham Viet Anh. "Experimental testing of a full-scale of group efficiency in multiple soil layers." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 13, no. 3 (2019): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2019-13(3)-13.

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Results of in-situ tests showed that the performance of single isolated piles and individual piles within a group is largely different. When piles are arranged in a group, the interaction between piles and the foundation depends on the pile arrangement and the pile group effect. To date, studies on the pile group effect in Vietnam have been limited to reduced-scale laboratory testing or static load testing where piles are installed into homogeneous sandy or clayey foundation. This paper presents in situ tests which were performed on both single piles and pile groups, loaded to failure, with th

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50

Nasr, Ahmed M. A. "Experimental and theoretical studies of laterally loaded finned piles in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 4 (2014): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0012.

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Large lateral loads may act on pile foundation supporting structures, such as bridge abutments, retaining walls, and structures subjected to wind–earthquake loads. A pile with fins is a newly developed type of pile foundation that is capable of supporting large lateral loads. In the present study an attempt is made to evaluate the improvement in lateral capacity of a pile with fins mounted close to the pile head. Small-scale model tests and a numerical study using finite element analysis were performed on regular piles without (fins) and piles with fins. These piles were installed in sand of d

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