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Gaidi, Ghezala y Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois. "Trois nouvelles saponines d’Arenaria juncea". Journal de la Société de Biologie 195, n.º 4 (2001): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2001195040463.
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Dembele, Daouda Lassine, Aimé Ainin Somboro, Sékou Doumbia, Mamadou Lamine Diarra, Mahamane Haïdara y Sanogo Rokia. "Etude pharmacognosique des feuilles, écorces de racines, écorces de tronc et de la racine entière de <i>Securidaca longipeduncultata</i> Fresen (Polygalaceae), récoltées au Mali". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, n.º 4 (19 de septiembre de 2023): 1701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i4.32.
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Au Mali, les racines de Securidaca longipedunculata sont fortement utilisées et les peuplements de l’espèce se font de plus en plus rares. Ce travail visait à effectuer une étude comparative des paramètres pharmacognosiques des feuilles, écorces de tronc, écorces de racine et de la racine entière. Les échantillons ont été analysés pour déterminer les caractéristiques botaniques et physicochimiques. Des extraits aqueux et organiques ont été préparés pour caractériser les principaux constituants bioactifs par des techniques colorimétriques et chromatographiques. Les composés majoritaires ont été extraits par ultrasons et quantifiés. Les éléments botaniques communs étaient des fibres, cristaux d’oxalate de calcium, xylèmes et parenchymes. Des sclérites et fragments d’épiderme étaient seulement dans les feuilles. Le meilleur rendement d’extraction a été obtenu avec l’éthanol. Les principaux constituants étaient des tanins, flavonoïdes, coumarines, anthraquinones et saponines dans les feuilles ; des coumarines et saponines dans les écorces de tronc, écorces de racine et la racine entière. Les constituants majoritaires étaient des saponines triterpéniques dont 1,51 g de précipités enrichis ont été extraits à partir des écorces de racine. Les feuilles ont qualitativement présenté le plus de constituants bioactifs. Des investigations sont nécessaires pour évaluer leur efficacité afin de diminuer la pression sur les racines.
English title: Pharmacognostic study of the leaves, root bark, trunk bark and whole root of Securidaca longipeduncultata Fresen (Polygalaceae), harvested in Mali
In Mali, the roots of Securidaca longipedunculata are used extensively, and stands of the species are becoming increasingly are becoming increasingly rare. The aim of this work was to carry out a comparative study of the pharmacognosic parameters of leaves, trunk bark, root bark and the whole root. Samples were analyzed for botanical and physicochemical characteristics. Aqueous and organic extracts were prepared to characterize the main bioactive constituents using colorimetric and chromatographic techniques. Major compounds were ultrasonically extracted and quantified. Common botanical elements were fibers, calcium oxalate crystals, xylem and parenchyma. Sclerites and epidermal fragments were only found in leaves. The best extraction yield was obtained with ethanol. The main constituents were tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, anthraquinones and saponins in the leaves; coumarins and saponins in the trunk bark, root bark and whole root. The main constituents were triterpene saponins, of which 1.51 g of enriched precipitates were extracted from root barks. Leaves qualitatively presented the most bioactive constituents. Further investigations are needed to assess their effectiveness in reducing pressure on the roots.
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Benahmed-Djilali, A., T. Chemoul, S. Kal, M. Nabiev y C. Besombes. "Propriétés d’une pommade antibactérienne formulée à base de saponines extraites des feuilles de noyer". Phytothérapie 16, S1 (diciembre de 2018): S245—S253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2019-0152.
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Ce travail vise la valorisation des feuilles de noyer en tant qu’une des ressources agricoles algériennes. L’extraction des saponines à partir des feuilles de noyer a été réalisée en tant qu’une classe très intéressante de produits actifs ??? Ils sont identifiés comme des composés multifonctionnels, possédant plusieurs activités pharmacologiques. Le rendement en saponines obtenu est de 22,8 %dry basis(db). L’application de ces saponines dans des pommades antibactériennes a conduit à l’obtention de deux formulations jugées de bonne qualité sensorielle, physicochimique, rhéologique et microbiologique. Les deux pommades choisies peuvent être considérées comme des fluides plastiques, de type « fluide non newtonien pseudoplastique ». De plus, elles sont efficaces contre les bactéries Gram positif (Staphylococcus aureusATCC25923) et négatif (Escherichia coliATCC25322). Cependant, elles ne présentent pas d’activité antifongique contreAspergillus niger. La poudre de feuilles de noyer ainsi obtenue peut ainsi être considérée comme une substance naturelle de grande bioactivité potentielle. Elle pourra contribuer au développement de nouveaux produits industriels.
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Tine, Yoro, Moussa Diop, Idrissa Ndoye, Alioune Diallo y Alassane Wele. "Revue bibliographique sur la composition chimique et les activités biologiques de Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. (Combretaceae)". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, n.º 7 (13 de febrero de 2020): 3449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.37.
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Cette étude avait pour objectif de faire le point sur la composition chimique et les activités biologiques de G. senegalensis, une plante médicinale largement utilisée en Afrique par les guérisseurs traditionnels pour le traitement de divers troubles. La plupart de ces études chimiques ont porté sur le criblage phytochimique des extraits de feuilles, de racines, de tiges et de galles. Elles ont montré la présence d'hydrates de carbone, de stéroïdes, de saponines, de flavonoïdes, d’alcaloïdes, de tanins, de saponines, de glycosides cardiaques, de coumarines, d’anthraquinones, d’acide ascorbique, d’hétérosides cardiotoniques, de cyanogènes et de terpénoïdes. Les potentialités thérapeutiques des extraits de G. senegalensis rapportées dans plusieurs travaux scientifiques ont porté sur les activités antibactériennes, antitussives, antidiarrhéiques, cytotoxiques, anti-inflammatoires antipaludiques, antitrypanosomiques, antihelminthiques, antivirales et antioxydantes. Des études de toxicité sur ces extraits ont été aussi réalisées. Ainsi, des études de caractérisation chimique (variabilité chimique), de formulation galénique et aussi de toxicité clinique sur G. senegalensis doivent être menées afin de mettre en place des produits de phytothérapie moderne.Mots clés: Phytochimie, pharmacologie, feuilles, Guiera senegalensis. English Title: Review on the chemical composition and biological activities of Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. (Combretaceae)The aim of this study was to review the chemical composition and biological activities of G. senegalensis, a medicinal plant widely used in Africa by traditional healers for the treatment of various disorders. Most of these chemical studies have focused on the phytochemical screening of leaf, root, stem and gall extracts. They showed the presence of carbohydrate, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, anthraquinones, ascorbic acid, cardiotonic glycosides, cyanogens and terpenoids. The therapeutic potentialities of extracts of G. senegalensis reported in several scientific studies have focused on antibacterial, antitussive, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitrypanosomal, anthelmintic, antiviral and antioxidant activities. Toxicity studies on these extracts have also been carried out. Thus, chemical characterization studies (chemical variability), galenic formulation and clinical toxicity studies on G. senegalensis must be carried out in order to implement modern phytotherapy products.Keywords: Phytochemistry, pharmacology, leaves, Guiera senegalensis.
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Tine, Yoro, Madièye Sene, Khadidiatou Thiam, Cheikhouna Gaye, Alioune Diallo, Benjamin Ndiaye, Idrissa Ndoye et al. "Revue des usages traditionnels, composition chimique et propriétés pharmacologiques de <i>Combretum glutinosum</i> (Combretaceae)". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, n.º 6 (18 de enero de 2024): 2475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i6.27.
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Combretum glutinosum Perr. ex DC. (Combretaceae) est une plante médicinale largement utilisée en Afrique par les praticiens traditionnels pour le traitement de divers troubles comme les maladies respiratoires, la douleur, le paludisme et les infections microbiennes. En raison de sa large utilisation traditionnelle, dans cette revue, les rapports scientifiques publiés sur sa composition et ses propriétés pharmacologiques ont été explorés en effectuant une recherche documentaire dans les bases de données de Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect et Scifinder. Les études chimiques ont montré la présence de saponines, de flavonoïdes, d’alcaloïdes, de tanins, de saponines, de glycosides cardiaques, d’anthraquinones, d’acides aminés et de terpénoïdes. Il a été démontré que des extraits de cette plante ainsi que les composés purs qui en ont été isolés, possédaient des propriétés antibactérienne, antiparasitaire, antidiarrhéique, cytotoxique, anti-inflammatoire, hypoglycémiante, antioxydante, antihelminthique et antipaludique, entre autres. Cette revue fournit donc une vue d'ensemble des progrès actuels en matière, d'ethnopharmacologie, de phytochimie, de pharmacologie et de toxicité de C. glutinosum, constituant ainsi une référence pour la Recherche et Développement sur C. glutinosum.
Combretum glutinosum Perr. ex DC. (Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in Africa by traditional practitioners for the treatment of various disorders such as respiratory diseases, pain, malaria and microbial infections. Due to its wide traditional use, in this review, published scientific reports on its composition and pharmacological properties were explored by conducting a literature search of Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect and Scifinder databases. Chemical studies showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, amino acids, and terpenoids. Extracts of this plant, as well as the pure compounds isolated from it, have been shown to possess antibacterial, antiparasitic, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antihelminthic and antimalarial properties, among others. This review therefore provides an overview of current progress in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of C. glutinosum, thus constituting a reference for Research and Development on C. glutinosum.
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Moon, Beom-Hee, Ji-Sung Kang y Hyang-Yeol Lee. "Review about Efficacies and Structures of Ginseng Saponines". Journal of Biotechnology and Bioindustry 9 (diciembre de 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37503/jbb.2021.9.51.
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Ghamiaa, Abir, Zainab Oshah, Asra Al Shak y Esam Elhefian. "Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Retama raetam (forssk) Leaves". Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27`, n.º 10 (15 de septiembre de 2023): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2710rjce067071.
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Retama raetam is widespread in North Africa and considered to be a medicinal plant in folk treatment besides its importance as feed for livestock. It has been used as herbal remedy for healing several ailments like diarrhea, skin rash, sore throat, rheumatism, fever and injury sterilization. This study was conducted to estimate the medicinal and nutritional values of R. reatam plant by determining some essential contents, minerals, vitamin C and preliminary phytochemical compounds in its leaves. The primary analysis showed that the pH value of water extract was 7.18 ± 0.03 while the percentages of essential contents in leaves were 50.83 ± 1.04 crude fiber, 12.33 ± 0.76 crud lipids, 6.02 ± 0.01 crude protein, 5.00 ± 0.00 total ash content, 10.00 ± 0.00 ash soluble in water, 5.00 ± 0.00 ash insoluble in acid and 19.67 ± 0.58 moisture content. Primary tests of the crude aqueous extract revealed the presence of tannins , saponines, alkaloids flavonoids, glycosides, resins, terpenoids and steroids, while the ethanolic extract showed positive results for tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids and steroids, but negative results for saponines and resins. The percentages of phytochemical compounds in the air dried leaves powder were 5.67 ± 0.58 tannins, 10.42 ± 0.72 saponines, 8.33 ± 0.76 alkaloids and 9.80 ± 1.13 flavonoids. The amounts of minerals and vitamins (mg/100) that were determined in the R. raetam dried leaves powder were 333.75 ± 1.77 potassium, 501.25 ± 1.77 sodium, 235.50 ± 6.36 magnesium, 500.00 ± 0.00 calcium and 35.33 ± 0.29 vitamin C. The obtained results prove the traditional medicinal use of R. raetam in North and East Mediterranean regions. In addition, knowing the amounts of the essential components and bioactive compounds may help in the preparation of the exact dosages for the treatment of diseases or for livestock feeding.
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Diatta, B. D., O. Niass, M. Diouf, M. Guèye, E. Houel y G. Boetsch. "Diversité et composition phytochimique des plantes utilisées comme bâtonnets frotte-dents (cure-dents) par les Peuls de la commune de Tessékéré (Ferlo Nord, Sénégal)". Phytothérapie 19, n.º 1 (febrero de 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2019-0161.
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Le bâtonnet frotte-dents est un outil d’hygiène buccodentaire en forme de fragment de matière végétale : tige, brindille, petite branche ou racine. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la composition phytochimique et la teneur en grandes classes chimiques des tiges les plus utilisées comme bâtonnets frotte-dents chez les Peuls de Widou Thiengoli au Nord Ferlo (Sénégal). Des entretiens ouverts semi-structurés ont permis de recueillir les plantes les plus utilisées. L’indice de fidélité renseigne sur la convergence des usages quant à l’emploi des plantes comme bâtonnets frotte-dents comparé aux autres pratiques cosmétiques répertoriées. L’étude de la composition phytochimique des tiges a ciblé huit classes chimiques : stéroïdes, terpénoïdes, tanins, saponines, anthocyanines, leucoanthocyanidines, coumarines, émodines. Les tanins et les saponines sont très fréquents ; les terpénoïdes et les leucoanthocyanines presque inexistants. Un dosage des flavonoïdes, alcaloïdes et polyphénols, réalisé chez des extraits aqueux, a ensuite été effectué sur 12 plantes (huit familles). Les grandes teneurs en polyphénols et alcaloïdes sont mesurées chez Anogeissus leiocarpus, et la meilleure en flavonoïdes chez Commiphora africana.
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Tahiri, Annick, Augustin Amissa Adima, Anoh Félix Adje y Nadine Amusant. "Effet pesticide et screening des extraits de Azadirachta indica (A.) Juss. sur le termite Macrotermes bellicosus Rambur". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 310, n.º 310 (1 de diciembre de 2011): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2011.310.a20461.
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Pour préconiser l'application en champ d'une plante naturelle à propriété insecticide comme alternative à la lutte chimique contre les termites ravageurs, d'importants prérequis s'imposent sur son efficacité. La toxicité, la dose létale, le mode d'action, la persistance d'efficacité et la composition chimique des extraits totaux aqueux, alcoolique et hexanique des feuilles et des graines du neem, Azadirachta indica, ont été examinés sur l'espèce de termite ravageur Macrotermes bellicosus. La toxicité par contact des extraits est élevée sur le termite et provoque la mortalité totale des populations testées. La persistance d'efficacité des extraits est de 2,4 à 4,2 jours. Les extraits aqueux et hexanique sont les plus toxiques (DL50 de 0,422 ± 0,018 à 4,466 ± 0,162 mg/l). Le contact et l'inhalation sont les deux voies essentielles à leur efficacité. L'extrait aqueux de graines, le plus actif, est de plus capable de se transmettre dans la colonie lors des tâches sociales. Mais il n'agit pas par ingestion et il semble anti-appétant vis-àvis du termite. Il contient des composés phénoliques (tanins et flavonoïdes) et des saponines. L'extrait hexanique de graines est de type oléique, renferme 11 acides gras et contient des terpénoïdes, des flavonoïdes et des saponines. (Résumé d'auteur)
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Sauvaire, Y., G. Ribes, JC Baccou y MM Loubatières-Mariani. "Effet des saponines stéroïdiques de fenugrec sur l'hypercholestérolémie du chien diabétique". Reproduction Nutrition Développement 30, n.º 1 (1990): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19900123.
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Gaceb-Terrak, R. y F. Rahmania. "SAPONINES STEROÏDES: NEW MOLECULES IN THE DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.)". Acta Horticulturae, n.º 994 (junio de 2013): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.994.20.
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Ruyssen, R. "La tensio-activité des saponines et leur étalement en lames superficielles". Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 54, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2010): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19450540114.
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Kagnou, Hèzouwè, Oudjaniyobi Simalou, Gneiny Whad Tchani, Sabrina Sanvee, Kokou Agbékonyi Agbodan, Outéndé Toundou y Kafui Kpegba. "Etude phytochimique et activité antioxydante comparatives des trois variétés de Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, n.º 6 (7 de octubre de 2020): 2352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i6.33.
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Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, est une plante médicinale largement utilisée en tradithérapie contre le diabète, l’hypertension, le cancer et les effets du stress oxydatif. Elle existe en trois variétés ("rosea", "alba" et "hybride") selon la couleur des fleurs. L’étude actuelle porte sur le criblage phytochimique et l’activité antioxydante in vitro (DPPH et FRAP) de l’extrait hydro-éthanolique des trois variétés. Les tests ont été effectués sur les extraits des feuilles, fleurs et racines. On a noté la présence des alcaloïdes, phénols, flavonoïdes, tanins, saponines, stérols, terpènes et quinines. Cependant, l’absence des sucres réducteurs, des flavonoïdes et des saponines dans les racines ainsi que les quinines dans les feuilles a été relevée. L'analyse comparative par piégeage du radical DPPH a montré que les extraits des fleurs et racines de l’hybride étaient plus actifs, respectivement de 130,023±3,2 et 131,189±1,8 mg EqQ/g. Une tendance différente a été observée dans les extraits des feuilles où la meilleure valeur DPPH de 65,746±2,5 mg EqQ/g est attribuée à "rosea" alors que celle du FRAP de 139,935±2,57 mg EqAA/g provient de "alba". Ces résultats devraient encourager la poursuite des travaux sur l'identification et la caractérisation de nouveaux composés bioactifs sélectivement abondant pour une meilleure valorisation de Catharanthus roseus sur le plan de phytomédicaments.Mots clés : Catharanthus roseus, variétés, criblage phytochimique, antioxydant.
English Title: Phytochemical study and comparative antioxidant activity of the three varieties of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. DonCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, is a medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and effects of oxidative stress. C. roseus exists in three varieties ("rosea", "alba" and "hybrid") depending on the colour of the flowers. This study focused on phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) of the hydro-ethanol extract of the three varieties. The tests were carried out on leaves, flowers, and roots extracts. The presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, sterols, terpenes, and quinines were noted. However, the absence of reducing sugars, flavonoids, and saponins in the roots and quinines in the leaves was observed. Comparative analysis of DPPH radical scavenging showed that extracts from the flowers and roots of the hybrid were more active, respectively at 130.023±3.2 and 131.189±1.8 mg EqQ/g. FRAP values of the same samples were 175.166± 9.28 and 121.311±7.8 mg EqAA/g dry matter. For the leaves, the best DPPH value of 65.746±2.5 mg EqQ/g was attributed to "rosea" while the FRAP value of 139.935±2.57 mg EqAA/g was for "alba". These interesting antioxidant activities of the "hybrid" variety may be useful against oxidative stress pathologies. The current study might then promote the continuing identification and characterization of new bioactive compounds for a development of Catharanthus roseus.Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, varieties, phytochemical screening, antioxidant.
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Nguyen, Van Thi Bao, Nicole Darbour, Christine Bayet, Agnès Doreau, Imad Raad, Binh Hoa Phung, Charles Dumontet, Attilio Di Pietro, Marie-Geneviève Dijoux-Franca y David Guilet. "Selective modulation of P-glycoprotein activity by steroidal saponines from Paris polyphylla". Fitoterapia 80, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2008.09.010.
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PRACROS, Pascale y Christine COURANJOU. "Mesure de l'activité des saponines de la luzerne par les larves du ver de farine : Tenebrio molitor L. (Coléoptère, Tenebrionidae). II. — Recherche des fractions de saponines responsables des effets antinutritionnels observés". Agronomie 8, n.º 9 (1988): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:19880906.
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Chépo Ghislaine, Dan, Yao Kouadio y Louis Ban Koffi. "Principes Actifs Et Mise En Evidence Des Sucres Des Aubergines Solanum Anguivi Lam Et Solanum Torvum Récoltées En Côte d’Ivoire". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 17, n.º 21 (30 de junio de 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n21p33.
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En Afrique, de nombreuses espèces végétales ne sont pas suffisamment exploitées, malgré leurs valeurs comestibles indéniables. Parmi ces plantes figurent les aubergines amères Solanum anguivi Lam et Solanum torvum communément appelées "gnagnan" en Côte d'Ivoire. Les baies de ces légumes-fruits sont séchées et analysées selon des méthodes standard et conventionnelles. Le tri phytochimique a révélé que S. torvum contient plus de stérols, polyphénols, quinones et saponines par rapport à S. anguivi Lam. Aucune des deux aubergines ne contient d'alcaloïdes toxiques pour l'alimentation. En chromatographie sur couche mince, les sucres détectés sont le glucose, le xylose, l'arabinose et le saccharose. Cependant, le saccharose est remplacé par le fructose dans les baies de S. torvum. Ainsi, ces deux espèces pourraient être de bonnes substances naturelles avec une valeur nutritionnelle et médicinale intéressante.
In Africa, many plant species are not sufficiently exploited, despite their undeniable edible values. Among these plants are the bitter eggplants Solanum anguivi Lam and S. torvum commonly called "gnagnan" in Côte d’Ivoire. Berries of these fruit vegetables are dried and analyzed according to standard and conventional methods. Phytochemical sorting revealed that S. torvum contains more sterols, polyphenols, quinones and saponins compared to S. anguivi Lam. Neither eggplant contains toxic alkaloids in the diet. In thin layer chromatography, the sugars detected are glucose, xylose, arabinose and sucrose. However, sucrose is replaced by fructose in the berries of S. torvum. Thus, these two species could be good natural substances with interesting nutritional and medicinal value.
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Gaceb-Terrak, Rabéa y Fatma Rahmania. "Détection et identification de saponines stéroïdes de type spirostane chez le palmier dattierPhœnix dactyliferaL. (Arecaceae)". Acta Botanica Gallica 159, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2012): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2012.758496.
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Kambouche, N., B. Merah, A. Derdour, S. Bellahouel, M. M. Benziane, C. Younos, M. Firkioui, S. Bedouhene y R. Soulimani. "Étude de l’effet antidiabétique des saponines extraites d’Anabasis articulata (Forssk) Moq, plante utilisée traditionnellement en Algérie". Phytothérapie 7, n.º 4 (agosto de 2009): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10298-009-0403-x.
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Ikpa, Chinyere Benardette Chinaka, Francis Chizoruo Ibe y Chinomnso Uzoamaka Ikpa. "Isolation, Chemical Composition, Characterization and Anti-Bacterial Activity of Acridine Diglycoside from Moringa olifera". International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine 2 (mayo de 2016): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.2.30.
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Moringaolifera(drumstick tree) is a medicinal plant commonly used in phytomedicine to cure and prevent diseases in Nigeria. The ethanolic extract of the leave sample showed alkaloid {(9.66 ± 0.20) %}, phenols {(0.75 ± 0.22) %}, flavonoids {(6.86 ± 0.20) %}, saponines {(8.46 ± 0.10) %}, and tannins {(1.10 ± 0.20) %}. The plant also contains nutritional nutrients such as ash {(6.08 ± 0.02) %}, protein {(23.65 ± 0.12)%}, carbohydrates {(57.01 ± 0.01)%}, fats {(2.43 ± 0.01) %}, crude fibre {(6.02 ± 0.13)%}, moisture {(9.50 ± 0.10)%} and energy {(3276 ± 0.14)%}. Antibacterial studies showed that the plant leave successfully inhibited staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Klebisiella pneumonia. Acridine diglycoside was elucidated using Bruker NMR spectroscopy in combination with FT-IR NATRIC and HREIMS (m/z) mass spectral data. This result authenticates the use of the plant leave in the treatment of infections, tumors and as an anti-inflammatory agent
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Oakenfull, DG. "Aggregation of Saponins and Bile Acids in Aqueous Solution". Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, n.º 10 (1986): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9861671.
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Light scattering, viscometry , fluorescence spectroscopy, electron microscopy and equilibrium dialysis have been used to study the aggregates formed by the interactions of saponins and bile acids in aqueous solution. Purified saponins from three plant sources were used: commercial 'saponin white' (from Saponaria officinalis), quillaia saponin (from Quillaia saponaria), and saponin from soya beans. Alone, the saponins formed small micelles, dimers in the case of saponin white and soya saponin , and larger aggregates of about 50 molecules for quillaia saponin . With bile acids, the saponins formed large mixed micelles. The size and structure of these depended on the chemical structure of the saponin . Saponin white and quillaia saponin gave filamentous structures with the hydrophobic triterpene groups of the saponin forming elongated stacks interleaved with bile acid anions. Soya saponin formed very different micelles with bile acids. These had a loose, open structure with considerable interpenetration of water. These results help to explain the increased faecal excretion of bile acids which has been observed in response to foods rich in saponins.
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Bashige, V. C., A. S. Bakari, B. J. Kahumba y J. B. S. Lumbu. "Activité antioxydante de 53 plantes réputées antimalariques en République Démocratique du Congo". Phytothérapie 19, n.º 5-6 (octubre de 2021): 355–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2021-0274.
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Objectif : Cette étude vise à identifier des groupes phytochimiques et à évaluer l’activité antioxydante de 53 plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle à Bagira dans le traitement de la malaria. Méthode : Le criblage phytochimique s’est effectué par des réactions classiques en solution, et l’activité antioxydante a utilisé la méthode in vitro au DPPH. Résultats : Le criblage chimique a permis d’identifier des métabolites secondaires à potentiel à la fois antimalarique et antioxydant comme des coumarines, des saponines, des stéroïdes, des tanins et des terpénoïdes dans plus de 70 % des plantes. Le criblage antioxydant a révélé pour la première fois l’activité antioxydante de 17 plantes parmi lesquelles Dalbergia katangensis, Dialium angolense et Solanecio cydoniifolius avec des CI50 inférieures ou égales à 1,6 μg/ml présentent les activités antioxydantes les plus élevées de la série. Conclusion : Cette étude montre que parmi les plantes réputées antimalariques à Bagira (RDC) plusieurs possèdent un pouvoir antioxydant et contiennent des groupes présumés à la fois antioxydants et antimalariques. Elle suggère que les études ultérieures se poursuivent en vue d’isoler les composés responsables de l’activité prouvée.
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BAYOURTHE, C. y D. ALI-HAIMOUD-LEKHAL. "Les extraits de plantes chez le ruminant : effets sur les fermentations dans le rumen et la qualité lipidique des produits animaux". INRAE Productions Animales 27, n.º 4 (23 de octubre de 2014): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.4.3079.
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Les extraits de plantes représentent un groupe complexe de substances dont les propriétés peuvent être utilisées pour manipuler le fonctionnement du rumen. Parmi eux, les tannins condensés, les huiles essentielles et les saponines ont été largement évalués pour leurs effets bactéricides/bactériostatiques. La variété de structure chimique des tannins condensés est, sans doute, à l’origine de leur différence de réactivité mais aussi d’une activité différente vis-à-vis des microorganismes du rumen. De façon générale, la croissance bactérienne est d’autant plus inhibée que la concentration en tannins condensés dans le milieu est élevée. Si les tannins condensés inhibent l'activité des archées méthanogènes, ils seraient sans effet sur les protozoaires. Généralement, les tannins condensés conduisent à une diminution de la concentration en azote ammoniacal dans le milieu ruminal mais n’affectent pas la concentration en acides gras volatils totaux. Si à dose élevée, l’effet est plus marqué in vitro qu’in vivo, à dose identique, l’amplitude de la réponse est différente selon la source de tannins condensés. En ce qui concerne l’action des tannins condensés sur la méthanogenèse, l’effet généralement observé, tant in vitro qu'in vivo, est une diminution de la production de CH4 bien que l’amplitude de la réponse soit variable et dépende de plusieurs facteurs que les études in vitro permettent de mieux cerner. Les effets principaux des huiles essentielles dans le rumen consistent en une réduction de la dégradation des protéines et de l'amidon et une inhibition de la dégradation des acides aminés, en raison de l'action sélective sur certains micro-organismes du rumen. Le pouvoir bactéricide des huiles essentielles vis-à-vis des bactéries (pathogènes ou ruminales) est lié à la structure chimique des molécules aromatiques qui les composent. Elles inhibent la croissance de la plupart des cultures pures bactériennes du rumen à des concentrations inférieures à 100 ppm ; certaines espèces pouvant s'adapter, ce qui explique la diminution voire l’absence d’effet souvent observé in vivo. Certains composés aromatiques ont la capacité de réduire la production de méthane dans le rumen. En revanche, les effets des saponines dans le rumen sont moins nets, en raison probablement du développement de populations microbiennes capables de les dégrader et/ou de l'adaptation des microorganismes à ces extraits de plante. Par ailleurs, en l’état actuel des connaissances, il est impossible de conclure quant à l’effet des extraits végétaux sur la qualité lipidique des produits animaux. Des essais complémentaires conduits in vivo et à long terme restent indispensables pour vérifier les effets observés, dans des conditions d'utilisation plus variées, mais aussi pour s'assurer de l'absence de résidus dans les produits animaux et de leur innocuité pour le consommateur.
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Chen, Qiqi, Jingying Wang, Yuhang Gao, Zixin Wang, Di Wang, Xiujun Gao y Peisheng Yan. "Fermentation, Identification, and Antioxidant Activity of Saponins Produced by a Wild Ginseng Endophytic Fungus Umbelopsis dimorpha Strain NSJG". Fermentation 10, n.º 1 (21 de diciembre de 2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10010009.
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Background: Endophytes from ginseng plants may produce saponins through in vitro fermentation, and some saponins possess antioxidant activity. This study aimed to enhance the total saponin yield of an endophytic fungus isolated from wild ginseng, determine saponin types, and explore whether saponin extracts from optimized fermentation protocols have antioxidant activity. Methods: Umbelopsis dimorpha strain NSJG was fermented in liquid under different conditions. The types of saponins were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). The antioxidant activity of saponin extracts was evaluated by measuring their hemolytic inhibition rate on erythrocytes. Results: The endophytic fungus strain NSJG produced 1.236 mg/mL total saponins through liquid potato dextrose (PD) fermentation. The total saponin concentrations of optimal protocols G-ED-8 (3.107 mg/mL) and G-DP-8 (2.045 mg/mL) were three times and twice that of G-PD. Saponin extracts from G-ED-8 and G-DP-8 contained seven and eight types of ginsenosides and had higher hemolysis inhibition rates on erythrocytes than Vitamin C (VC), which were 36.05% and 46.69%. Conclusions: The research highlights the potential implications of wild ginseng endophytic fungus strain NSJG for the in vitro production of ginsenosides and the development of novel antioxidants.
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Mazahery-Laghab, H., B. Yazdi-Samadi, M. Bagheri y A. R. Bagheri. "Alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) shoot saponins: identification and bio-activity by the assessment of aphid feeding". British Journal of Nutrition 105, n.º 1 (28 de septiembre de 2010): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510003120.
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Biochemical components in alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.), such as saponins, can act as protecting factors against bio-stresses. Saponins are also antifeedants and show oral toxicity towards higher and lower animals. Changes in saponins, such as variation in the carbon skeleton, or hydrolysis of saponin glycosides and other conjugates, may change their biological effects. The aims of this research were to study saponin variation in different growth stages of alfalfa and to investigate the biological role of saponins in the spotted alfalfa aphid,Therioaphis maculata. Saponins from alfalfa shoots in different growth stages were extracted, chemically purified and analysed by TLC. Specific saponins such as soyasaponin1 from root and shoot and two bisdesmosides of medicagenic acid, one from shoot and another from root tissues, were identified using reference compounds allowing changes in saponin composition during plant development in different shoot tissues of alfalfa to be assessed. The response of the alfalfa aphid to feeding on alfalfa in different growth stages was studied. No significant difference in the survival of aphids, from neonate to adult, was observed, but due to the antibiotic effects of saponins, two differences were found in the onset of nymph production and cumulative nymph production. The results show that the saponin composition in alfalfa changes with plant development and this, in turn, can often negatively affect the development of specific insect pests such as the spotted alfalfa aphid, suggesting a possible biological role of alfalfa saponins.
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Nhat Linh, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Hoang Loc y Duong Tan Nhut. "APPLICATION OF ELICITOR FOR PRODUCTION OF SAPONINS FROM IN VITRO PANAX CULTURES". Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 16, n.º 2 (17 de diciembre de 2018): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16/2/13430.
Texto completoResumen
The Panax ginseng species are traditional medicinal herbs having high value. The major pharmacologically active components are the ginsenosides of saponin group, which are dammarane type triterpene glycosides containing a tetracyclic glycose. Ginseng saponin, one of the secondary metabolites, is necessary for the growth and development of Panax genus plants. In pharmaceutical industry, triterpene saponins were purified to produce drugs for its promising healing and restorative properties. However, commercial applications are still obstacle for practical problems, because ginseng natural resources are rarely precious; and ginseng resources from field have low and variable yields dependent on season or quality of soil. Moreover, triterpene saponins have complex structures, making chemical synthesis an economically uncompetitive option for large-scale production. A current alternative optimal solution that is popular in the world is the application of cell and tissue culture to produce a large of cell or root yield in short time. But the difficulty in producing triterpene saponins from in vitro culture is that the triterpene saponin content is much lower than natural. To increase the triterpene saponin content, elicitors are added to the culture medium. Based on the effect of the elicitor, metabolic engineering in vitro is also able to enhance the overexpression of genes which translated enzymes or signals producing saponin in the isoprenoid pathway. Application of elicitor researches could improve triterpene saponin yields or adjust specific desired triterpene saponins from in vitro ginseng culture. Therefore, we review the recent studies of elicitor in Panax genus cultures and saponin biosynthetic gene to study and assess the efficiency of elicitors in triterpene saponin production and metabolic engineering of triterpene saponins.
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Yu, Bianyun, Nii Patterson y L. Irina Zaharia. "Saponin Biosynthesis in Pulses". Plants 11, n.º 24 (14 de diciembre de 2022): 3505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243505.
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Pulses are a group of leguminous crops that are harvested solely for their dry seeds. As the demand for plant-based proteins grows, pulses are becoming important food crops worldwide. In addition to being a rich source of nutrients, pulses also contain saponins that are traditionally considered anti-nutrients, and impart bitterness and astringency. Saponins are plant secondary metabolites with great structural and functional diversity. Given their diverse functional properties and biological activities, both undesirable and beneficial, saponins have received growing attention. It can be expected that redirecting metabolic fluxes to control the saponin levels and produce desired saponins would be an effective approach to improve the nutritional and sensory quality of the pulses. However, little effort has been made toward understanding saponin biosynthesis in pulses, and, thus there exist sizable knowledge gaps regarding its pathway and regulatory network. In this paper, we summarize the research progress made on saponin biosynthesis in pulses. Additionally, phylogenetic relationships of putative biosynthetic enzymes among multiple pulse species provide a glimpse of the evolutionary routes and functional diversification of saponin biosynthetic enzymes. The review will help us to advance our understanding of saponin biosynthesis and aid in the development of molecular and biotechnological tools for the systematic optimization of metabolic fluxes, in order to produce the desired saponins in pulses.
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Ekanem, N. J., U. A. Inyang y K. Ikwunze. "Chemical composition, secondary metabolites and nutritive value of elephant-ear tree (Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb): A review". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, n.º 2 (8 de marzo de 2022): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i2.3489.
Texto completoResumen
Enterolobium cyclocarpum is naturally found in the tropical region and it is a fast growing tree. It is a browse plant that is available all year round. The leaves, seeds, pods and fruits of Enterolobium cyclocarpum are rich in chemical composition such as protein and in secondary metabolites. The secondary metabolites or anti-nutritional factors have both beneficial and detrimental effects. The chemical composition, anti-nutritional factors and nutritive value of Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves, pods, seeds and fruits were examined in this review. Enterolobium cyclocarpum is rich in: crude protein (10.40 in seeds to 22.50 in leaves), crude fibre (3.10 in leaves to 63.50 in seeds), ether extract (2.21 to 11.00 in leaves), ash (4.40 – 11.80), nitrogen free extract (51.40 – 70.04), neutral detergent fibre (51.4 – 63.94) and acid detergent fibre (31.90 – 42.99).The variations in values could be attributed to soil type, climatic conditions, stage of growth and methods of analyses. The leaves, pods seeds, and fruits of Enterolobium cyclocarpum are rich in the macro minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium and sodium), micro minerals (zinc, manganese, copper and iron) and vitamins (vitamins A, C, D and E) and some are present within the range needed for normal physiological functions of ruminant animals. Secondary metabolites present in Enterolobium cyclocarpum in varying quantities are tannins, saponins, oxalate, phytate, hydrocyanic acid, trypsin inhibitors and alkaloids. Enterolobium cyclocarpum have been identified as the highest poisonous plants, with the fruits being the most toxic that can cause photosensitization. Preservation methods such as toasting, ensiling and sun drying drastically reduced these to beneficial and tolerable levels. These metabolites such as saponins have been reported to reduce the numbers of protozoa in the short run (12 – 14 days) and also favour moderate methane production. Acceptability of Enterolobium cyclocarpum by ruminants is dependent on types of forages offered and previous experience while low to moderate digestibility have been reported in vitro and in vivo. Depending on processing or preservation methods and levels of inclusion in the diets, Enterolobium cyclocarpum have no deleterious effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics of ruminant animals.
Enterolobium cyclocarpum se trouve naturellement dans la région tropicale et c'est un arbre à croissance rapide. C'est une plante à brouter disponible toute l'année. Les feuilles, lesgraines, les gousses et les fruits d'Enterolobium cyclocarpum sont riches en composition chimique comme les protéines et en métabolites secondaires. Les métabolites secondaires ou facteurs anti-nutritionnels ont à la fois des effets bénéfiques et néfastes. La composition chimique, les facteurs anti-nutritionnels et la valeur nutritive des feuilles, des gousses, des graines et des fruits d'Enterolobium cyclocarpum ont été examinés dans cette revue. Enterolobium cyclocarpum est riche en : protéines brutes (10,40 dans les graines à 22,50 dans les feuilles), fibres brutes (3,10 dans les feuilles à 63,50 dans les graines), extrait d'éther (2,21 à 11,00 dans les feuilles), cendres (4,40 - 11,80), extrait sans azote (51.40 – 70.04), fibre au détergent neutre (51.4 – 63.94) et fibre au détergent acide (31.90 – 42.99). Les variations de valeurs peuvent être attribuées au type de sol, aux conditions climatiques, au stade de croissance et aux méthodes d'analyse. Les feuilles, les graines de gousses et les fruits d'Enterolobium cyclocarpum sont riches en macro-minéraux (calcium, phosphore, magnésium et potassium et sodium), en micro-minéraux (zinc, manganèse, cuivre et fer) et en vitamines (vitamines A, C, D et E) et certains sont présents dans la plage nécessaire aux fonctions physiologiques normales des ruminants. Les métabolites secondaires présents dans Enterolobium cyclocarpum en quantités variables sont les tanins, les saponines, l'oxalate, le phytate, l'acide cyanhydrique, les inhibiteurs de la trypsine et les alcaloïdes. Enterolobium cyclocarpum a été identifié comme la plante la plus toxique, les fruits étant les plus toxiques pouvant provoquer une photosensibilisation. Les méthodes de conservation telles que le grillage, l'ensilage et le séchage au soleil les ont considérablement réduits à des niveaux bénéfiques et tolérables. Il a été rapporté que ces métabolites tels que les saponines réduisaient le nombre de protozoaires à court terme (12 à 14 jours) et favorisaient également une production modérée de méthane. L'acceptabilité d'Enterolobium cyclocarpum par les ruminants dépend des types de fourrages offerts et de l'expérience antérieure, tandis qu'une digestibilité faible à modérée a été signalée in vitro et in vivo. Selon les méthodes de transformation ou de conservation et les niveaux d'inclusion dans les régimes alimentaires, Enterolobium cyclocarpum n'a aucun effet délétère sur les performances de croissance et les caractéristiques de la carcasse des ruminants.
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Ekanem, N. J., U. A. Inyang y K. Ikwunze. "Chemical composition, secondary metabolites and nutritive value of elephant-ear tree (Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb): A review". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, n.º 2 (8 de marzo de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i2.3439.
Texto completoResumen
Enterolobium cyclocarpum is naturally found in the tropical region and it is a fast growing tree. It is a browse plant that is available all year round. The leaves, seeds, pods and fruits of Enterolobium cyclocarpum are rich in chemical composition such as protein and in secondary metabolites. The secondary metabolites or anti-nutritional factors have both beneficial and detrimental effects. The chemical composition, anti-nutritional factors and nutritive value of Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves, pods, seeds and fruits were examined in this review. Enterolobium cyclocarpum is rich in: crude protein (10.40 in seeds to 22.50 in leaves), crude fibre (3.10 in leaves to 63.50 in seeds), ether extract (2.21 to 11.00 in leaves), ash (4.40 – 11.80), nitrogen free extract (51.40 – 70.04), neutral detergent fibre (51.4 – 63.94) and acid detergent fibre (31.90 – 42.99).The variations in values could be attributed to soil type, climatic conditions, stage of growth and methods of analyses. The leaves, pods seeds, and fruits of Enterolobium cyclocarpum are rich in the macro minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium and sodium), micro minerals (zinc, manganese, copper and iron) and vitamins (vitamins A, C, D and E) and some are present within the range needed for normal physiological functions of ruminant animals. Secondary metabolites present in Enterolobium cyclocarpum in varying quantities are tannins, saponins, oxalate, phytate, hydrocyanic acid, trypsin inhibitors and alkaloids. Enterolobium cyclocarpum have been identified as the highest poisonous plants, with the fruits being the most toxic that can cause photosensitization. Preservation methods such as toasting, ensiling and sun drying drastically reduced these to beneficial and tolerable levels. These metabolites such as saponins have been reported to reduce the numbers of protozoa in the short run (12 – 14 days) and also favour moderate methane production. Acceptability of Enterolobium cyclocarpum by ruminants is dependent on types of forages offered and previous experience while low to moderate digestibility have been reported in vitro and in vivo. Depending on processing or preservation methods and levels of inclusion in the diets, Enterolobium cyclocarpum have no deleterious effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics of ruminant animals.
Enterolobium cyclocarpum se trouve naturellement dans la région tropicale et c'est un arbre à croissance rapide. C'est une plante à brouter disponible toute l'année. Les feuilles, lesgraines, les gousses et les fruits d'Enterolobium cyclocarpum sont riches en composition chimique comme les protéines et en métabolites secondaires. Les métabolites secondaires ou facteurs anti-nutritionnels ont à la fois des effets bénéfiques et néfastes. La composition chimique, les facteurs anti-nutritionnels et la valeur nutritive des feuilles, des gousses, des graines et des fruits d'Enterolobium cyclocarpum ont été examinés dans cette revue. Enterolobium cyclocarpum est riche en : protéines brutes (10,40 dans les graines à 22,50 dans les feuilles), fibres brutes (3,10 dans les feuilles à 63,50 dans les graines), extrait d'éther (2,21 à 11,00 dans les feuilles), cendres (4,40 - 11,80), extrait sans azote (51.40 – 70.04), fibre au détergent neutre (51.4 – 63.94) et fibre au détergent acide (31.90 – 42.99). Les variations de valeurs peuvent être attribuées au type de sol, aux conditions climatiques, au stade de croissance et aux méthodes d'analyse. Les feuilles, les graines de gousses et les fruits d'Enterolobium cyclocarpum sont riches en macro-minéraux (calcium, phosphore, magnésium et potassium et sodium), en micro-minéraux (zinc, manganèse, cuivre et fer) et en vitamines (vitamines A, C, D et E) et certains sont présents dans la plage nécessaire aux fonctions physiologiques normales des ruminants. Les métabolites secondaires présents dans Enterolobium cyclocarpum en quantités variables sont les tanins, les saponines, l'oxalate, le phytate, l'acide cyanhydrique, les inhibiteurs de la trypsine et les alcaloïdes. Enterolobium cyclocarpum a été identifié comme la plante la plus toxique, les fruits étant les plus toxiques pouvant provoquer une photosensibilisation. Les méthodes de conservation telles que le grillage, l'ensilage et le séchage au soleil les ont considérablement réduits à des niveaux bénéfiques et tolérables. Il a été rapporté que ces métabolites tels que les saponines réduisaient le nombre de protozoaires à court terme (12 à 14 jours) et favorisaient également une production modérée de méthane. L'acceptabilité d'Enterolobium cyclocarpum par les ruminants dépend des types de fourrages offerts et de l'expérience antérieure, tandis qu'une digestibilité faible à modérée a été signalée in vitro et in vivo. Selon les méthodes de transformation ou de conservation et les niveaux d'inclusion dans les régimes alimentaires, Enterolobium cyclocarpum n'a aucun effet délétère sur les performances de croissance et les caractéristiques de la carcasse des ruminants.
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Katselis, Georgios S., Alberto Estrada, Dennis K. J. Gorecki y Branka Barl. "Adjuvant activities of saponins from the root of Polygala senega L.This article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 2 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2007): 1184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-109.
Texto completoResumen
Eight pure triterpenoid saponin compounds isolated from the root of Polygala senega L., a plant indigenous to the Canadian prairies, were evaluated for their immunological activity in mouse models. The specific antibody responses of the IgG2a subclass increased significantly when isolated P. senega saponins were used as adjuvants in the immunization of mice with OVA antigen. In addition, increased IL-2 levels were observed in spleen cell cultures from P. senega saponin-immunized mice after in vitro secondary antigen stimulation. The saponins were tested for their toxicity in mice by using a haemolytic activity assay and found to be less toxic than Quillaja saponaria saponins that have long been used as adjuvants in vaccine formulations. This study has shown the potential of P. senega saponins to be considered as a natural source of vaccine adjuvants with biological activity equivalent to the current commercially available saponin adjuvants.
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Nurkhasanah, Tika Aprilia y Crescentiana Emy Dhurhania. "ANALISIS KADAR SAPONIN PADA EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera Lam.) SECARA GRAVIMETRI". Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia 6, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2023): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jifi.v6i2.1410.
Texto completoResumen
Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam.) have antimicrobial activity. One of the compounds that play a role in this activity is saponins. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of saponins present in Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract by gravimetric method. Moringa leaves are extracted by maceration. The existence of saponins in Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract was proven through qualitative tests using foam tests and color tests, while analysis of saponin levels in quantitative tests was carried out using the gravimetric method with the principle of preparation. The results of the qualitative test showed that the Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract was positive for saponins. Analysis of saponin content was carried out gravimetrically with the principle of precipitation. The results of saponin analysis in Moringa leaf extract obtained results with an average of 3.959% with a coefficient of variation of 0.0420%.
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Xu, Mengyue, Zhili Wan y Xiaoquan Yang. "Recent Advances and Applications of Plant-Based Bioactive Saponins in Colloidal Multiphase Food Systems". Molecules 26, n.º 19 (8 de octubre de 2021): 6075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26196075.
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The naturally occurring saponins exhibit remarkable interfacial activity and also possess many biological activities linking to human health benefits, which make them particularly attractive as bifunctional building blocks for formulation of colloidal multiphase food systems. This review focuses on two commonly used food-grade saponins, Quillaja saponins (QS) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA), with the aim of clarifying the relationship between the structural features of saponin molecules and their subsequent self-assembly and interfacial properties. The recent applications of these two saponins in various colloidal multiphase systems, including liquid emulsions, gel emulsions, aqueous foams and complex emulsion foams, are then discussed. A particular emphasis is on the unique use of GA and GA nanofibrils as sole stabilizers for fabricating various multiphase food systems with many advanced qualities including simplicity, ultrastability, stimulability, structural viscoelasticity and processability. These natural saponin and saponin-based colloids are expected to be used as sustainable, plant-based ingredients for designing future foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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Kim, Jin-Ik, Nandintsetseg Narantuya, Yong-Won Choi, Dae-Ook Kang, Dong-Wan Kim, Kyoung Lee, Sung-Ryong Ko y Ja-Young Moon. "Prototypes of Panaxadiol and Panaxatriol Saponins Suppress LPS-mediated iNOS/NO Production in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophage Cells". Journal of Life Science 26, n.º 12 (30 de diciembre de 2016): 1422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2016.26.12.1422.
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Ariyanti, Nur Aeni y Sonia Latifa. "Saponins accumulation and antimicrobial activities on shallot (Allium cepa L.) from marginal land". Jurnal Agro 8, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2022): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/12524.
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Saponins are one of the secondary metabolites found in Shallot (Allium cepa L.), particularly in the roots. Microclimate differences in the cultivation area are thought to have a significant impact on the production of secondary metabolites, such as saponins. This research aimed to observe the saponins content in the root of shallot plants cultivated in marginal agricultural land and their antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Ralstonia solanacearum) and fungus (Fusarium oxysporum). This research was observational research with a random sampling method. The samples were collected from the shallot plantation with two different cultivation conditions. Two varieties of ‘Bima' and 'Tiron' cultivated by farmers in sandy coastal land Samas, Bantul were used. The plants were harvested at 1, 1.5, and 2 months after planting, respectively. The crude saponins extract was used to test antimicrobial activity. Shallot plants cultivated in marginal coastal sandy land produced higher saponins accumulated in their roots. The saponins production increased along with the maturity of shallot plants, both cultivated in marginal coastal sandy land and regular paddy field. The saponins extracted from the roots of shallots cultivated in both marginal and regular land showed higher antimicrobial activity than antifungal activity. Saponin merupakan salah satu metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada bawang merah (Allium cepa L.), terutama pada bagian akar. Perbedaan iklim mikro pada lahan budidaya diduga akan berpengaruh terhadap produksi metabolit sekunder termasuk saponin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan saponin pada bagian akar tanaman bawang merah yang dibudidayakan di lahan pertanian marginal serta aktivitas antimikrobanya terhadap bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) dan jamur (Fusarium oxysporum). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara acak. Sampel berasal dari perkebunan bawang merah dengan dua lahan budidaya yang berbeda. Digunakan dua varietas yaitu 'Bima' dan 'Tiron' yang dibudidayakan oleh petani di daerah pantai Samas,kabupaten Bantul. Bahan tanaman dipanen pada tiga waktu berbeda, yaitu 1 bulan, 1,5 bulan dan 2 bulan berturut-turut setelah tanam. Ekstrak kasar saponin digunakan untuk menguji aktivitas antimikrobanya. Tanaman bawang merah yang dibudidayakan di lahan marginal pasir pantai menghasilkan saponin yang lebih tinggi yang terakumulasi pada akarnya. Produksi saponin semakin meningkat seiring dengan umur tanaman bawang merah, baik yang dibudidayakan di lahan marginal pasir pantai maupun di lahan sawah biasa. Saponin yang diekstraksi dari akar bawang merah yang dibudidayakan di lahan marginal dan lahan biasa menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba yang lebih tinggi daripada aktivitas antijamurnya.
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Arabski, Michał, Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk, Grzegorz Czerwonka, Anna Lankoff y Wiesław Kaca. "Effects of Saponins against ClinicalE. coliStrains and Eukaryotic Cell Line". Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/286216.
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Saponins are detergent-like substances showing antibacterial as well as anticancer potential. In this study, the effects of saponins fromQuillaja saponariawere analyzed against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Multidrug-resistant clinicalE. colistrains were isolated from human urine. As eukaryotic cells, the CHO-K1 cell lines were applied. Antibacterial effect of ampicillin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin in the presence of saponins was measured by cultivation methods. Properties of saponins against CHO-K1 cells were measured by the MTT test, hemolysis assay and flow cytometry. Saponin fromQuillaja saponariahas a cytotoxic effect at concentrations higher than 25 μg/mL and in the range of 12–50 μg/mL significantly increases the level of early apoptotic cells. Saponin at dose of 12 μg/mL enhances the sixE. colistrains growth. We postulate that saponins increase the influx of nutrients from the medium intoE. colicells. Saponins do not have synergetic effects on antibacterial action of tested antibiotics. In contrary, in the presence of saponins and antibiotics, more CFU/mLE. colicells were observed. This effect was similar to saponins action alone towardsE. colicells. In conclusion, saponins was cytotoxic against CHO-K1 cells, whereas againstE. colicells this effect was not observed.
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Teheni, Muhammad Tasjiddin, Ratih Nurwanti y Wa Ode Syafriah. "PENETAPAN KADAR SAPONIN EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Caricca papaya Linn) MENGGUNAKAN METODE GRAVIMETRI". Jurnal Ners 7, n.º 1 (28 de abril de 2023): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jn.v7i1.14209.
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Obat tradisional yang terdapat di Indonesia sangat berperan besar dalam pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat sehingga potensi obat atau tanaman ini layak dikembangkan. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui kadar saponin yang terdapat pada ekstrak daun pepaya (Caricca papaya Linn) dibeberapa wilayah kota Baubau menggunakan metode gravimetri. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian eksperimen (experimental research) laboratorium menggunakan metode gabungan yaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sampel daun pepaya (Caricca papaya Linn) diambil di daerah Kecamatan Betoambari, Murhum dan Wolio Kota Baubau. Dalam prosedur kerja dapat dilakukan dengan pengolahan sampel, pembuatan ekstrak, identifikasi saponin melalui uji busa dan uji warna serta penetapan kadar saponin secara gravimetri. Hipotetis dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya kadar saponin yang terdapat pada ekstrak daun papaya (Caricca papaya Linn). Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi lingkungan sangat berpengaruh pada kadar ekstrak daun pepaya (Caricca papaya Linn) dan positif terdapat saponin. Kadar saponin Kecamatan Betoambari sebesar 1,34%, Kecamatan Murhum sebesar 1,36% dan Kecamatan Wolio sebesar 1,06%. Disarankan pada penelitian selanjutnya untuk menggunakan berbagai macam metode sehingga dapat dibandingkan dalam penggunaan metode penelitian. Kata Kunci: Obat Tradisional; Kadar Saponin; Metode Kuantitatif; Daun Pepaya Traditional medicines in Indonesia play a very big role in public heatlh services so that the potential of these medicines or plants is worth developing. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of saponins found in papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya Linn) in several areas of Baubau city using the gravimetric method. The type of research used is a laboratory experimental research design using a combination of qualitative and quantative methods. Papaya leaf samples (Carica papaya Linn) were taken from the Betoambari, Murhum and Wolio distric, Baubau city. In the work procedure, it can be done by processing samples, making extrac, identifying saponins trhough foam tests and determining the levels of saponins by gravimetry. The hypothesis in thus study is the presence of saponins levels found in papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya Linn). Research shows that envirometal conditions greatly affect the levels of papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya Linn) and are positife for saponins. The saponins content of Betoambari district was 1,34%, Murhum district was 1,36%, and Wolio district was 1,06%. It is recommended for further research to use various methods so that they can be compared in the use of research methods.
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Elekofehinti, Olusola Olalekan, Opeyemi Iwaloye, Femi Olawale y Esther Opeyemi Ariyo. "Saponins in Cancer Treatment: Current Progress and Future Prospects". Pathophysiology 28, n.º 2 (5 de junio de 2021): 250–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology28020017.
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Saponins are steroidal or triterpenoid glycoside that is distinguished by the soap-forming nature. Different saponins have been characterized and purified and are gaining attention in cancer chemotherapy. Saponins possess high structural diversity, which is linked to the anticancer activities. Several studies have reported the role of saponins in cancer and the mechanism of actions, including cell-cycle arrest, antioxidant activity, cellular invasion inhibition, induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Despite the extensive research and significant anticancer effects of saponins, there are currently no known FDA-approved saponin-based anticancer drugs. This can be attributed to a number of limitations, including toxicities and drug-likeness properties. Recent studies have explored options such as combination therapy and drug delivery systems to ensure increased efficacy and decreased toxicity in saponin. This review discusses the current knowledge on different saponins, their anticancer activity and mechanisms of action, as well as promising research within the last two decades and recommendations for future studies.
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Juang, Yu-Pu y Pi-Hui Liang. "Biological and Pharmacological Effects of Synthetic Saponins". Molecules 25, n.º 21 (27 de octubre de 2020): 4974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214974.
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Saponins are amphiphilic molecules consisting of carbohydrate and either triterpenoid or steroid aglycone moieties and are noted for their multiple biological activities—Fungicidal, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects have all been observed. Saponins from natural sources have long been used in herbal and traditional medicines; however, the isolation of complexed saponins from nature is difficult and laborious, due to the scarce amount and structure heterogeneity. Chemical synthesis is considered a powerful tool to expand the structural diversity of saponin, leading to the discovery of promising compounds. This review focuses on recent developments in the structure optimization and biological evaluation of synthetic triterpenoid and steroid saponin derivatives. By summarizing the structure–activity relationship (SAR) results, we hope to provide the direction for future development of saponin-based bioactive compounds.
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Mathison, G. W., R. Soofi-Siawash, P. T. Klita, E. K. Okine y G. Sedgwick. "Degradability of alfalfa saponins in the digestive tract of sheep and their rate of accumulation in rumen fluid". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1999): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-044.
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Two experiments were conducted to examine the fate of alfalfa saponins in the digestive tract of sheep. In the first experiment 14.4 or 28.8 g saponins were administered intraruminally daily, which provided 62 and 78% of the total saponin entering the rumen. Degradabilities of the saponins in the total digestive tract were 96.0 and 97.9% (P = 0.13), respectively, but no attempt was made to determine how closely the products of degradation were related to the original molecules. In the second experiment, the rate of release of saponins from alfalfa into rumen fluid was measured in the presence and absence of viable bacteria. When no viable bacteria were present 74% of the saponins in the alfalfa appeared in rumen fluid after 8 h of incubation and this amount was unchanged at 24 h. Rate of release did not follow first order kinetics, rather an amount equivalent to approximately 8% of the original saponin concentration accumulated in the fluid each hour over the 8-h period. After 4 h, saponin concentrations in rumen fluid were decreased in the presence of viable bacteria indicating microbial metabolism was occurring. Final accumulation of saponins in the rumen fluid after 24 h incubation was 62% of that originally present in alfalfa samples when viable bacteria were present. It was concluded that saponins were rapidly released into rumen fluid and extensively degraded in the digestive tract. The implications of these observations on ruminant bloat are discussed. Key words: Alfalfa, saponins, digestibility, bloat, rumen fluid, bacteria
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Liagre, B., P. Vergne-Salle, D. Y. Léger, J. L. Charissoux, R. Trèves, P. Bertin y J. L. Beneytout. "Effets de saponines de structure proche sur l'apoptose des synoviocytes humains de polyarthrite rhumatoïdes (PR). Relation avec la cyclooxygénase-2 (COX-2)". Revue du Rhumatisme 73, n.º 10-11 (noviembre de 2006): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhum.2006.10.486.
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Bljahhina, Anastassia, Dmitri Pismennõi, Tiina Kriščiunaite, Maria Kuhtinskaja y Eeva-Gerda Kobrin. "Quantitative Analysis of Oat (Avena sativa L.) and Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Saponins in Plant-Based Food Products by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry". Foods 12, n.º 5 (26 de febrero de 2023): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12050991.
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This work presents the sample extraction methods for solid and liquid sample matrices for simultaneous quantification of oat (Avena sativa L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) saponins: avenacoside A, avenacoside B, 26-desglucoavenacoside A, and saponin B and 2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) saponin, respectively. The targeted saponins were identified and quantified using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HILIC-MS) method. The simple and high-throughput extraction procedure was developed for solid oat- and pea-based food samples. In addition, a very simple extraction procedure for liquid samples, without the need to use lyophilisation, was also implemented. Oat seed flour (U-13C-labelled) and soyasaponin Ba were used as internal standards for avenacoside A and saponin B, respectively. Other saponins were relatively quantified based on avenacoside A and saponin B standard responses. The developed method was tested and successfully validated using oat and pea flours, protein concentrates and isolates, as well as their mixtures, and plant-based drinks. With this method, the saponins from oat- and pea-based products were separated and quantified simultaneously within 6 min. The use of respective internal standards derived from U-13C-labelled oat and soyasaponin Ba ensured high accuracy and precision of the proposed method.
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AL-Khafaji, Zainulabdeen H. A. "Antifungal Activity and Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Green alga Ulothrix sp." Bionatura 7, n.º 3 (15 de septiembre de 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2022.07.03.47.
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The antifungal activity of the ethanolic hot extract of the green filamentous species Chlorophyta was evaluated in vitro at various doses (25, 50, and 100 mg/ml) and shown to be effective. Antifungal activity was performed by evaluating the percentage inhibition growth method against some fungus were obtained from the postgraduate laboratories in the Department of Biology - Faculty of Science / University of Mustansiriya (Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium sp. and Rhizoctonia solani ). As a result of the research, it was discovered that the hot ethanol extract of Ulothrix sp had the most significant effect (91.8 %) on Rhizoctonia solani growth inhibition at a concentration of 100 mg/ml and the minor effect (22.4 %) at a concentration of 25 mg/ml against Aspergillus niger growth inhibition. It was discovered by primary chemical analysis of active substances that alkaloids, Terpenes, Saponines, phenols, Flavones, Resins, Steroids, and tannins were present in hot ethanolic alga extract. Finally, the GC-mass analysis performed on Ulothrix sp extracts revealed a large number of antibacterial activity-producing substances. Because the current research shows that algae have antifungal activity, it has the potential to be developed as a new source of active chemicals for human and plant consumption in a variety of applications shortly. Keywords: Antifungal activity, Ulothrix, Active compounds,
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Górecki, Piotr M. y Marian Jurzysta. "Calcium-Magnesium salt of saponins from bird's foot trefoil seeds (Lotus corniculatus L.)". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 44, n.º 1 (2015): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1975.006.
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A calcium-magnesium salt of saponins was isolated from bird's foot trefoil seeds with a yield of 0.04%. The salt contained: 1.37% - Ca and 0.04% - Mg. The saponin salts were deionized on IR-120 Amberlite and free crystalline saponin was obtained. In both cases the presence of one major component and of three trace ones was found, using TLC. In acid hydrolysates of the saponin salts and of the free saponin the following sugars were identified: rhamaose, xylose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid. From among aglycones soyasapogenols B, C, traces of E, and of one unidentified in both cases were found. The Ca-Mg salt obtained seems to be a natural form of saponins in bird's foot trefoil seeds.
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Chen, Qiqi, Jingying Wang, Yuhang Gao, Xiujun Gao y Peisheng Yan. "Optimization of Fermentation Conditions and Product Identification of a Saponin-Producing Endophytic Fungus". Microorganisms 11, n.º 9 (16 de septiembre de 2023): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092331.
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Background: Some fungal endophytes isolated from P. ginseng may present a new method of obtaining saponins. This experiment aimed to optimize the total saponin yield produced through in vitro fermentation by an endophytic fungus and analyze its saponin species in the fermented extract. Methods: Fermentation protocols were optimized with a uniform design and verified through regression analysis to maximize the total saponin yield. The saponin types under optimal fermentation conditions were then identified and analyzed using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Results: The Trametes versicolor strain NSJ105 (gene accession number: OR144428) isolated from wild ginseng could produce total saponins. The total saponin yield could be increased more than two-fold through the optimization of fermentation conditions. The concentration of the total saponins achieved by the verified protocol 105-DP was close to the predicted value. The fermentation conditions of the 105-DP protocol were as follows: potato concentration 97.3 mg/mL, glucose concentration 20.6 mg/mL, inoculum volume 2.1%, fermentation broth pH 2.1, fermentation temperature 29.2 °C, and fermentation time 6 d. It was detected and analyzed that the fermented extract of 105-DP contained the ginsenosides Rf and Rb3. Conclusion: The endophytic fungus Trametes versicolor strain NSJ105 has potential application value in saponin production.
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Colson, Emmanuel, Philippe Savarino, Emily J.S. Claereboudt, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, Magali Deleu, Laurence Lins, Igor Eeckhaut, Patrick Flammang y Pascal Gerbaux. "Enhancing the Membranolytic Activity of Chenopodium quinoa Saponins by Fast Microwave Hydrolysis". Molecules 25, n.º 7 (9 de abril de 2020): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071731.
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Saponins are plant secondary metabolites. There are associated with defensive roles due to their cytotoxicity and are active against microorganisms. Saponins are frequently targeted to develop efficient drugs. Plant biomass containing saponins deserves sustained interest to develop high-added value applications. A key issue when considering the use of saponins for human healthcare is their toxicity that must be modulated before envisaging any biomedical application. This can only go through understanding the saponin-membrane interactions. Quinoa is abundantly consumed worldwide, but the quinoa husk is discarded due to its astringent taste associated with its saponin content. Here, we focus on the saponins of the quinoa husk extract (QE). We qualitatively and quantitively characterized the QE saponins using mass spectrometry. They are bidesmosidic molecules, with two oligosaccharidic chains appended on the aglycone with two different linkages; a glycosidic bond and an ester function. The latter can be hydrolyzed to prepare monodesmosidic molecules. The microwave-assisted hydrolysis reaction was optimized to produce monodesmosidic saponins. The membranolytic activity of the saponins was assayed based on their hemolytic activity that was shown to be drastically increased upon hydrolysis. In silico investigations confirmed that the monodesmosidic saponins interact preferentially with a model phospholipid bilayer, explaining the measured increased hemolytic activity.
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Pandya, Archis, Björn Thiele, Andres Zurita-Silva, Björn Usadel y Fabio Fiorani. "Determination and Metabolite Profiling of Mixtures of Triterpenoid Saponins from Seeds of Chilean Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Germplasm". Agronomy 11, n.º 9 (17 de septiembre de 2021): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091867.
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The seed pericarp of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa) contains a mixture of triterpenoid saponins conferring undesired organoleptic properties. In this study, we evaluated saponin content and their corresponding sapogenins in 114 different quinoa accessions. Relative saponin content ranged from 0.22 to 15.04 mg/g of seed dry weight among the genotypes studied and the genotype effect was significant (p < 0.001). About 75% of the genotypes could be classified as low-saponin content lines which is promising in view of ongoing plant breeding efforts. In addition to the quantitative determination of saponins, metabolic profiling was performed by LC-FTICR-MS and LC-MS/MS. We obtained highly accurate mass estimation from ion spectra allowing the identification of twelve saponins of the oleanane type. These differ in their aglycons and in the number and type of glycoside units. Interestingly, we identified a saponin compound that, to our knowledge, had not been reported previously. Our study highlights that there is considerable variability concerning saponin content in quinoa, which contributes to the valorization of genetic resources towards the identification of genotypes that could be utilized in current and future quinoa breeding programs.
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Zhou, Xueyong, Huan Guo, Lihong Zhang, Liyan Yang, Zuofu Wei, Xiaoying Zhang y Yan Niu. "Crude Saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Reduce Fusarium Wilt Infection in Tomato Seedlings". Horticulturae 9, n.º 12 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121340.
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Quinoa saponins are pentacyclic triterpene compounds composed of one triterpenoid glycoside and two different sugar chains. Previous studies have showed that natural quinoa saponins showed little or no antifungal activity, and there are few reports about their antifungal effects in recent decades. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is the most serious for tomatoes in the field and under greenhouse conditions. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of different concentrations and application modes of crude saponins from quinoa bran against the causal pathogen of tomato wilt under a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that the anti-FOL activity of quinoa saponins was weak in vitro, but significantly enhanced in vivo. Tomato seeds and seedlings treated with solution of quinoa saponins at 0.5 and 1.0 g/L significantly reduced the disease incidence (%) of tomato Fusarium wilt. The treatment types of saponin solution have influence on the preventive effects (%) of tomato seedlings against Fusarium wilt, among them, root soaking > foliar spray > seed soaking. The treatment of seed soaking with quinoa saponins inhibited germination of tomato seeds to some extent. However, the germination rate of tomato seeds after saponin soaking was comparable to the chemical pesticide (thiram carboxin); therefore, it could be used to control tomato wilt disease. This is due to the fact that the antifungal activity of quinoa saponins in vivo was much higher than that in vitro when the saponin concentration was between 0.5–1.0 g/L, indicating that the antifungal activity of quinoa saponins may be achieved mainly by inducing resistance. This investigation supports the potential use of quinoa saponins as a supplier of antifungal compounds, and could be the foundation for a future study examining the use of quinoa bran as a new resource against FOL.
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Nakayasu, Masaru, Shinichi Yamazaki, Yuichi Aoki, Kazufumi Yazaki y Akifumi Sugiyama. "Triterpenoid and Steroidal Saponins Differentially Influence Soil Bacterial Genera". Plants 10, n.º 10 (15 de octubre de 2021): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102189.
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Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) are secreted into the rhizosphere, i.e., the soil zone surrounding the roots of plants. They are often involved in root-associated microbiome assembly, but the association between PSMs and microbiota is not well characterized. Saponins are a group of PSMs widely distributed in angiosperms. In this study, we compared the bacterial communities in field soils treated with the pure compounds of four different saponins. All saponin treatments decreased bacterial α-diversity and caused significant differences in β-diversity when compared with the control. The bacterial taxa depleted by saponin treatments were higher than the ones enriched; two families, Burkholderiaceae and Methylophilaceae, were enriched, while eighteen families were depleted with all saponin treatments. Sphingomonadaceae, which is abundant in the rhizosphere of saponin-producing plants (tomato and soybean), was enriched in soil treated with α-solanine, dioscin, and soyasaponins. α-Solanine and dioscin had a steroid-type aglycone that was found to specifically enrich Geobacteraceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Moraxellaceae, while soyasaponins and glycyrrhizin with an oleanane-type aglycone did not specifically enrich any of the bacterial families. At the bacterial genus level, the steroidal-type and oleanane-type saponins differentially influenced the soil bacterial taxa. Together, these results indicate that there is a relationship between the identities of saponins and their effects on soil bacterial communities.
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CUTTER, CATHERINE N. "Combination Spray Washes of Saponin with Water or Acetic Acid to Reduce Aerobic and Pathogenic Bacteria on Lean Beef Surfaces†". Journal of Food Protection 62, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1999): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.3.280.
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Saponins are naturally occurring compounds known as triterpenoid glycosides found in a variety of plant species. Saponins are approved for use in the food industry as foaming agents. When combined with water or organic acid in spray treatments, saponins' foaming property may improve carcass decontamination. In the first experiment of this study, lean beef carcass surfaces were experimentally inoculated with a fecal slurry containing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. Spray-washing treatments with 1% saponin followed by a water wash, or 1% saponin followed by 2% acetic acid, were more effective for reducing aerobic bacteria than saponin, water, or 2% acetic acid washes alone. However, 1% saponin followed by a either a water or 2% acetic acid wash was no more effective than a 2% acetic acid wash for reducing populations of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella Typhimurium. In the second experiment, experimentally inoculated beef surfaces were subjected to spray treatments with water followed by another water wash, water followed by a 2% acetic acid wash, 1% saponin followed by a water wash, or 1% saponin followed by a 2% acetic acid wash. When examined for effectiveness against all bacterial populations, 1% saponin followed by a water wash and 1% saponin followed by a 2% acetic acid wash were as effective as two water washes or a water wash followed by 2% acetic acid for reducing aerobic bacteria, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium from beef surfaces. Under the conditions described, reductions associated with combination spray washes may be attributed to the physical removal of bacteria during the spraying process, not to any specific action of saponin.
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Hassan, Sherif M., Eid A. Moussa y Louise C. Abbott. "Effects of Quillaja Saponin (Quillaja saponaria) on Early Embryonic Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Development". International Journal of Toxicology 27, n.º 3 (mayo de 2008): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810802152129.
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Although much attention has focused on environmental contamination by heavy metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls, potential deleterious effects of naturally occurring organic compounds have received much less consideration. Saponins, which are glycosides found in many plants, are important, environmentally ubiquitous organic compounds. Saponins have both beneficial and deleterious effects in adults, but little is known about how saponins effect early vertebrate embryonic development. The authors tested the toxicity of quillaja saponin using a zebrafish embryo assay. Quillaja saponin, extracted from bark of the tree, Quillaja saponaria, is a common foaming agent used in foods and beverages. At 6 h post fertilization, zebrafish embryos were exposed to five concentrations (0 [negative control], 1, 5, 10 or 20 μg) of quillaja saponin per milliliter of medium. Zebrafish embryos exposed to 2% ethanol were positive controls (100% embryonic death). Embryos were assessed at 30, 54, and 72 h post fertilization for changes in embryonic development, mortality, time of hatching, and morphological deformities. Embryos exposed to 1 and 5 μg saponin were healthy, showed no obvious deformities, but exhibited shrinkage of the chorion. Hatching time for zebrafish embryos exposed to 1 and 5 μg/ml saponin decreased by 18 h compared to unexposed embryos. Zebrafish embryos treated with 5 μg/ml saponin responded less to touch than embryos treated with 1 μg/ml saponin or controls. Zebrafish embryos exposed to more than 5 μg/ml saponin exhibited 100% embryonic mortality. These results indicate that exposure to 5 μg/ml or less of quillaja saponin acts as a growth promoter, whereas concentrations of 10 μg/ml or greater are lethal.
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Murtiningsih, Titin Murtiningsih, Risa Supriningrum y Henny Nurhasnawati. "IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF SAPONIN CONTENT FROM EXTRACT OF Embelia borneensis BARK". AL ULUM: JURNAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 9, n.º 3 (11 de diciembre de 2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/jst.v9i3.12499.
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Abstract Embelia borneensis known sekilang used by the Dayak Kenyah tribe of Long Temuyat Village, Malinau, North Kalimantan as a fish poison and leech repellent. Sekilang bark extract contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and content of saponins in the methanol extract based on different maceration, reflux, and Soxhlet extraction methods. Saponin content was determined by the gravimetric method. The results showed that the type of saponin contained in sekilang bark extract was triterpenoid saponin. The average saponin content with maceration method was 24.87%, reflux method was 28.97 and soxhlation method was 29.99%. The results of data analysis with one-way anova statistical test showed that there was a significant difference between extraction methods on saponin content of sekilang stem bark with sig value of 0.009 with a significant level of 0.05 (5%).