Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Save the Children (U.S.)"

Aim: to assess the landscape of pneumococcus serotypes among children organized in kindergarten groups in Khanty-Mansiysk city. Patients and Methods: the study included 510 children (2-6 years old) attending kindergartens in Khanty-Mansiysk city. The children were divided into 2 groups: vaccinated (n=50) and non-vaccinated against pneumococcal infection (n=460). The data on vaccination status were received from the prophylactic immunization records (Form 063/u) and child's medical records (Form 112/u). In addition, the following data were analysed: age, gender, gestation age at birth, attitudes of child's legal representatives towards vaccinations, and the presence of chronic health problems. Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate adsorbed 13-valent vaccine (PCV-13) was used for the prevention of pneumococcal disease. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children as a source of biological material. The pneumococcus was detected using a culture-based method and PCR assay. Results: the average age of organized children examined in Khanty-Mansiysk for Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae, pneumococcus) was 54.31 [53.46–55.16] months. In 56% of the examined children, pneumococcal DNA was found in nasopharyngeal swabs by polymerase chain reaction assay. The identified serotypes in 71.1% of cases were the same as in the PCV13 vaccine formulation. The most common serotypes detected were 4 (27%), 19 F (13.3%), 23 F (3.6%) and serogroup 6 (11.6%). In children immunized against S. рneumoniae, the pneumococcal strain DNAs, same as the vaccine strain DNAs, were found in 53.7% of cases, while in non-immunized children — in 73% of cases (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29–0.97). Conclusion: the increasing prevalence of S. рneumoniae carriage in children as they get older and attend organized children's groups for a longer time, along with the predominance within the population of the same pneumococcus strains as those in the vaccine formulation, dictate the need for timely immunization against pneumococcal infection in compliance with the National Vaccination Schedule (vaccination at 2 and 4.5 months of age, revaccination at 15 months of age). KEYWORDS: children, pneumococcal infection, S. pneumoniae, vaccination, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, children in organized groups, carriage. FOR CITATION: Girina A.A., Petrovsky F.I., Petrovskaya Yu.A., Zaplatnikov A.L. Prevalence of S. pneumoniae carriage among children organized in kindergarten groups in Khanty-Mansiysk city. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(2):164–168 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-2-164-168.

Children who suffer from brain disorders, either disorders due to medical factors or disorders due to abnormalities in brain function also pass through the language acquisition stage. KY is a teenager who has a language disorder and is declared mentally retarded. Children with mental retardation acquire language skills in essentially the same way as non- mentally retarded children. Their rate of acquiring language skills was lower than that of non-mindset children of the same mental age. In the case of Kartini, Kartini was able to pronounce the sounds [a], [c], [d], [e], [g], [h], [i], [j], [k], [l], [s], [t], [u], and [y]. There are some consonants that cannot be pronounced if the consonants are at the beginning, in the middle and at the end. For vocals [u] Kartini can pronounce it but it is not perfect. The tongue is located between the oral cavity under the palate. For consonant [i] Kartini sometimes changes it to vowel [e]. Consonants [b], [d], [m],[t] are sometimes missing. For the consonant [n] which is located at the end of the word, Kartini changes it to the sound [ŋ]. However, for the consonant [n] which is located in the middle of the word Kartini omitted it. For consonant [s] Kartini undergoes obliteration and replacement. Consonant [s] changes to consonant [c] , Consonant [s] at the end of the word changes to consonant [t].

Najčešće su maligne bolesti u dječjoj dobi leukemije, limfomi i tumori središnjeg živčanog sustava. Incidencija malignih bolesti kod djece i adolescenata iznosi 1 % i ima tendenciju rasta. Maligne se bolesti mogu manifestirati putem širokog spektra simptoma. Često se javljaju bol, depresija, anksioznost, kronični umor, ali i brojne nuspojave liječenja poput mučnina, povraćanja, alopecije, malaksalosti i/ili nesanice. Bol se može javiti zbog same patofiziologije malignih bolesti i zbog brojnih bolnih dijagnostičkih i terapijskih procedura, a povećava je neizvjesnost prognoze bolesti i strah od smrti. Sve zajedno narušava kvalitetu života djece, adolescenata i njihovih obitelji, te možemo govoriti o totalnoj boli. Depresija i anksioznost mogu, osim narušavanja kvalitete života, negativno utjecati na rezultate liječenja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je razina depresije i anksioznosti povećana na početku bolesti i smanjuje se do prve godine liječenja, no ne vraća se do razine prije oboljenja. Ukoliko nedostaje socijalna podrška, utoliko se može razviti i posttraumatski sindrom. Prevalencija kroničnog umora kod djece i adolescenata kreće se od 30 % pa do više od 90 % oboljelih. Osim same bolesti i terapijskih postupaka, čest uzrok kroničnog umora jest stres zbog izostanaka s nastave, gubitka prijatelja, pojave komplikacija, neizvjesnosti oko ishoda intervencija i liječenja, proceduralne boli i socijalne izolacije. U zbrinjavanju svih ovih simptoma pozitivne rezultate pokazuje upotreba distraktora. Širokom upotrebom računalnih tehnologija kao distraktor, ali i kao alat za edukaciju djece i adolescenata u pripremi za zahvate i intervencije, počinju se koristiti videoigre. Najčešće se koriste videoigre virtualne stvarnosti koje su interaktivna i multisenzorna aktivnost koja zahtijeva uronjenost u zabavne sadržaje te na taj način smanjuje okupiranost simptomima bolesti. Osim u dječjoj onkologiji, upotreba videoigara pokazala je dobre rezultate u liječenju i rehabilitaciji bolesnika oboljelih od neuroloških, mišićno-koštanih, psihijatrijskih, ali i brojnih drugih skupina bolesti.

The aim of this study was to compare the vocabulary of boys with behavioral disorders (N = 34; age range: 10-13 years) and boys from the general population (N = 34; age range: 10-13 years), as well as examine the relationship between vocabulary and aggressive behavior and problems in their relationships with peers. Parents and caregivers assessed the child’s aggressive behavior and problems in relationships with peers, while data on the child’s vocabulary, cognitive abilities, and executive functions (working memory) were collected using a standardized intelligence test. By comparing the two groups, boys with behavioral disorders had a significantly poorer vocabulary than boys of the same age in the general population, and this difference could not be explained by the child’s cognitive abilities, or executive functions. In addition, poor vocabulary was significantly associated with peer relationship problems, as well as reactive, but not proactive, aggressive behavior. The findings have particular implications in the areas of early intervention for high-risk boys, as well as communication with children in the social welfare and justice systems.

SummaryBlood clotting activation and fibrin deposition are common findings in lymphoma patients. We evaluated the capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce procoagulant activity (PCA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in 12 children with newly diagnosed lymphoma (8 non-Hodgkin’s, 4 Hodgkin’s) and in 12 matched healthy donors. In the same subjects we also measured plasma antigen levels of tissue-type PA (t-PA), urokinase-type PA (u-PA), PAI-1, PAI-2, and D-dimer. PCA generated by mononuclear cells after incubation for 20 h at 37° C was significantly higher in patients than in controls (p = 0.027). In all samples it was identified as tissue factor by functional criteria (dependence on factor VII). Moreover, culture medium obtained from patients’ mononuclear cells after incubation for 20 h at 37° C contained significantly higher amounts of PAI activity and PAI-2 antigen than control samples (p <0.001). Plasma PAI-1 and t-PA antigens were significantly augmented in patients (p <0.005), the mean increase of PAI-I being about 5 times higher than that of t-PA. Plasma levels of D-dimer wete markedly increased in the patients’ group (p <0.001), whereas u-PA and PAI-2 antigens did not differ from controls. It is suggested that monocytes from lymphoma patients are endowed with functional abnormalities leading to the simultaneous expression of tissue factor and antifibrinolytic activity. These abnormalities, coupled with a reduced plasma fibrinolytic potential, could play an important pathogenetic role in blood clotting activation and fibrin deposition associated with lymphoma.

This study compared the physical fitness level and weight status of children and adolescents in China and Japan. Children and adolescents aged 7–18 years were recruited (China: n = 5660; Japan: n = 5660). Physical fitness was assessed using seven core items—grip strength, 30-s sit-ups, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, 20-s repeated straddling, 20-m shuttle run test, and 50-m dash. A physical fitness index (PFI) was calculated by adding all items’ Z-scores. We conducted comparisons of PFI and its distribution, each physical fitness item, and weight status for individuals from China and Japan across all ages. The PFI was lower in China than in Japan for all age groups, with an especially large difference at age 18 years for boys (a difference of 9.05) and girls (a difference of 9.10) (p < 0.001). The same result was seen for the seven items. The PFI distribution for children and adolescents was more disperse among those in Japan than among those in China. Obesity prevalence was 2.84 times higher in China than in Japan. An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between physical fitness and nutritional status. Children and adolescents showed markedly lower physical fitness and higher obesity prevalence in China than in Japan.

Introduction: One of the very important indicators used in the treatment of postural defects is the relative symmetry of the lower limbs. The selection of a safe and effective therapeutic tool is not an easy task and is particularly important in children. The authors of the experiment have decided to check the effectiveness of two manual techniques, that minimally interfere with patient's tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of selected manual procedures: the Ackerman's second phenomenon and mobilization of the sacroiliac joint to hyperextension (Kowtun's grip) on the relative length of the lower limbs in a school-age children. Materials and methods: 70 children aged 8-12 participated in the study. All of them were diagnosed with postural abnormalities: spine defects in the sagittal plane, three-dimensional asymmetry of the torso, knee and / or foot defects and asymmetry of the length of the lower limbs. Qualification of children for a particular group with a postural defects was based on the concept of Sastre Fernandez. In each patient, the manual procedure in order to compensate the leg length, was applied once. In 28 children the applied procedure was the Ackerman's second phenomenon and in 42 it was the Kowtun's grip. The relative length of t h e l o w e r l i m b s w a s m e a s u r e d immediately before and after the manual procedure. Results: The executed experiment indicates the effectiveness of the Ackerman's second phenomenon in compensating the asymmetry of the length of the lower limbs in children with posture defects. The effect of Kovtun's mobilization is less clear. Conclusions: Manual procedure change the relative length of the lower limbs in children with postural defects. The Ackerman's second phenomenon in an effective and yet gentle and safe manual tool that can be used in children in order to compensate the relative length of the lower limbs. The effect of the Kowtun's treatment requires further research.

<p>The work is aims to study the features of empathic potential in children with mental retardation. The materials of empirical research obtained from a sample of preschool children are presented. The study involved respondents aged 5 to 6 years (N=32; M=5.19; SD=0.37) with an average level of intelligence. Pictures from the children's educational game &ldquo;ABC of Emotions&rdquo; (N.L. Belopolskaya), the drawing technique &ldquo;Draw yourself&rdquo;, the technique &ldquo;Plot pictures&rdquo; (R.R. Kalinina), the technique &ldquo;Unfinished stories&rdquo; (T.P. Gavrilova) and the Wexler&rsquo;s test (children's version) were used. Mathematical processing methods include: &chi;2 (chi-squared) Pearson, Mann-Whitney U-test, cluster regression analysis. The results obtained make it possible to say that children with mental retardation do not differ from children without this status in terms of emotional awareness, the nature of emotional response and the moral component of empathic potential in general. At the same time, children with mental retardation find it difficult to choose the nature of their emotional response. This is a fact that can be used as a marker to determine the status of mental retardation. The results can be used in developing psychocorrection programs.</p>

Background and Purpose: Current evidence shows that physical fitness (PF) is declining among children and adolescents in Africa and worldwide, and this trend is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the baseline PF data of primary school children in Lagos State, Nigeria, and to determine the predictors of low PF within the cohort. Materials and Methods: A total of 733 primary school children aged 6-12 years in Lagos, Nigeria, were included in this cross-sectional quantitative study. PF measures were assessed using the Eurofit battery test including sit and reach (S&R), standing long jump (SLJ), sit-ups (SU), 5 m shuttle run test (5 m-SRT), and cricket ball throw (CBT). A structured questionnaire was used to determine the socio-demographic factors. Anthropometric and cardiovascular measurements were performed using standardized protocols. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, median, and quartiles, and inferential statistics of the Mann- Whitney U test, Quade analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) correlation matrix, and multiple linear regression model. Results: Boys showed significantly higher SU counts (P<0.001), higher CBT (P<0.001), lower 5 m SRT (P=0.003), and the same SLJ (P=0.008) than girls, while S&R scores were statistically comparable (P=0.135). Also, the results showed that sex (B=-0.647, P=0.015), height (B=0.831, P=0.0001), weight (B=-0.641, P=0.007), and hip circumference (HC) (B=0.955, P=0.009) were significantly associated with total PF (measured using S&R, SLJ, SU,5 m SRT, and CBT). Conclusion: Increased weight and gender were the main predictors of low PF among primary school children in Lagos, Nigeria.

In 1471-1472 Ferrante King of Naples (r. 1458-1494) ushered in an ambitious political program with clear imperial overtones. This project was centered (at least initially) on countering the Ottoman advance and was based on a complex system of marriage alliances set up through Ferrante’s numerous legitimate and illegitimate children as well as his nieces. This paper shows how Ferrante used his nieces, the daughters born of his sister Eleonora and the disgraced baron Marino Marzano, to draw in a select group of magnates from the eastern, “Illyrian” coast of the Adriatic. These were magnates with previous connections to the Aragonese regime that had been established by Ferrante’s father, Alfonso King of Aragon and Naples (r. 1416/1442-1458). However, after the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia in 1463, they found themselves in a desperate state, as they came under pressure not only from Ottoman raids but also from the centralizing politics of their overlords. Vlatko Kosača, Duke of St. Sava, an Ottoman tributary; Count Stjepan Frankapan of Modruš, a subject of the King of Hungary; and Count Ivan Frankapan of Krk, a Venetian vassal. This paper examines the political circumstances that drove these magnates to respond to Ferrante’s calls and traces the dynamic of the marriage negotiations that transpired between them. The marriage negotiations of Vlatko Kosača are by far the best attested of the three and seem to have been carried out with the least obstacles. Drawing on previously unpublished or simply unknown sources (published in Appendix 1), this paper reconstructs the complex three-way communication that transpired from December of 1472 till June of 1473 between the Neapolitan court, Duke Vlatko in (Herceg-)Novi, and, finally, Vlatko’s sister Catherine, the exiled Queen of Bosnia, who, together with Nicholas bishop of Modruš, helped broker the deal from Rome. The result was the marriage of Duke Vlatko and Ferrante’s niece Margherita Marzano, celebrated in May of 1474. Ivan Frankapan of Krk and Stjepan Frankapan of Modruš established direct contacts with the Neapolitan court as early as October of 1472, when an unnamed Neapolitan envoy — perhaps Ferrante’s resident ambassador in Venice, Anello Arcamone — arrived in Croatia as part of the joint Venetian-papal-Neapolitan mission to reconcile the Croatian magnates (extensive documents related to which are published in Appendix 2). It is argued, however, that both the Frankapani of Krk and the Frankapani of Modruš, much like Costanzo Sforza of Pesaro, were first presented with an opportunity to marry Ferrante’s nieces at the wedding of Ferrante’s older daughter Eleonora d’Aragona and Duke Ercole d’Este in Ferrara in July 1473, which tellingly they both attended. Their experiences with the Neapolitan court thereafter were quite different, as revealed, among other things, by new archival evidence regarding their contacts with Italian courts (the most extensive of which are published in Appendix 3). Ivan Frankapan thus seems to have begun the discussions regarding the marriage of his son Nikola with a Neapolitan princess at the end of 1473 or in the first half of 1474, making use of the growing Neapolitan-Venetian enmity over Cyprus. His plan of secretly sending his son to the Neapolitan court was, however, foiled by Venice, as was his subsequent plan to marry him off to the daughter of Ferrante’s captain general, Federico da Montefeltro. Stjepan Frankapan, on the other hand, had a tense relationship with his overlord, King Matthias of Hungary, but, though he constantly maintained independent contacts with the Italian courts, he only responded to Ferrante’s proposal after September 1474, when the Neapolitan-Hungarian marriage alliance was agreed. The result was the marriage of Stjepan’s son Bernardin to Luisa Marzano, which was celebrated in Naples in summer of 1476, just before the per procuram marriage of Beatrice d’Aragona and King Matthias. This marriage, finally, after a decade of tense relations, brought the Frankapani of Modruš back into their king’s grace. Ultimately all three lords turned to King Ferrante for political reasons and all three hoped that marriages to his nieces would also be followed by the establishments of Aragonese bridgeheads on the eastern Adriatic coast, whether south in Dubrovnik (per the hopes of the Kosače) or north in Senj (per the hopes of the Frankapani). At the same time, it is also clear that there were other non-political questions that were important to the magnates. Probably the most important was the beauty and youth of the bride; not all the Marzano sisters were considered equally attractive. Also, it is interesting that Ferrante insisted on the magnates paying the dowries themselves, since he believed that the protection and prestige that came with marrying into royalty was enough of an incentive. The fact that Bernardin Frankapan of Modruš and Vlatko Kosača agreed to this shows that they did indeed consider them an investment. In the end the Neapolitan heritage became an important element of their family identity even after the collapse of the Aragonese regime.

Optimally developed body composition and motor skills make an important contribution to increasing quality of life and also determine sports performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of recreational contemporary dance training on body composition and the level of motor skills development in 6-9 year old children. The subjects of the study were 26 girls aged 6-9 years, 12 of whom were in the experimental group (EG) and 14 in the control group (CG). The EG participated in contemporary dance training for 6 months, twice a week, one hour each, and the CG did not perform any extracurricular physical activity. Body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF) and skeletal muscle (SM) were analyzed with OMRON BF511 monitor. The motor skills assessment tests were: standing board jump (SBJ), Matorin test (MatT), back saver sit & reach with alternatively reached legs (S&R_RL – right leg reached, S&R_LL – left leg reached) and sit-ups (S-U). Data were processed with SPSS 20 software. Statistically significant differences between initial and final values were found for body composition in the experimental group for the parameter SM (p = .000), and in the control group for SM (p = .004), but also for BF (p = .053) on CG. In the motor skills assessment tests, in the experimental group the differences were statistically significant for all parameters assessed (p ≤ .05), and in the control group only for S&R_RL (p = .007) and , S&R_LL (p = .005), but with smaller effects size. In conclusion, contemporary dance practiced for 6 months, twice a week, has no impact on body composition, but may influence the development of specific motor skills.

We can be sure that humans speak whatever they do, whether they drive, play, work or make friends. People live in the linguistic world. Everybody may interact with their families, colleagues, teachers or even strangers in human language. The study took place in Bandung in May 2021. The tool used in this research is a qualitative method with an application to case studies. In kids aged 2-2 years six months, the data source has been collected from an FA child using qualitative methods. The design of the study was longitudinal. The FA has obtained research data through observations, notes and interviews between the FA and its parents. The results of this article indicate that the phoneme [a], I [u], [o], [alternative], [alternative], [alternatively] and [alternative] is mastered by TPM. At the age of 2 years and one month, he mastered vocal phonemes. The first vowels he learned were the [a], I [u], I then the front vowels I [e], [т], [o], [first], [middle vowel] [first], [a]. Vowels not diphenic in nature were, for instance [au], [ai] and [ue], also mastered at the age of 2 years and three months. However, the initial [au] and [ai] diphthongs were not perfected until they were two years old and six months old. At the same time, there is a good deal of mastery in the consonants [p], [b], [t], [t], [h], [j], [n], [p], [p], [l], [f], and [y]. The [t], [s], [c], [j] and [alias] consonants have been found but still fluctuate in other sounds. The tone of the Velar [g], [k] inhibition is not properly pronounced. The sound [k] can only be regulated if at the centre and the end of a phrase. The sound [f] and [v] and the sound [r] are not yet new and have not yet been regulated. The TPM executes the phones that it has not managed to pronounce, such as phonemes [f], [v], [z] and [x], in a replaceable pattern.

The paper analyses nine Roma families who lived in Stupnik Municipality; more precisely, in the villages of Žitarka and Razborišće, on the eve of World War II. The research draws from a questionnaire used by the municipal authorities in late August 1939 to survey and register the Roma men and women from those families, seeking to implement a policy of the Banovina authorities aimed at better controlling the migration of Roma people. Nowadays, these files are kept at the State Archives in Zagreb, in the holdings of the Administrative Municipality of Stupnik. The analysis of these data served as a basis for examining the demographic and socio-economic structure of individual Roma families in inter-war Croatia, more specifically, in the Banovina of Croatia. The first piece of data from the 1939 census of Stupnik Roma that can be analysed is their demographic structure. The average age of the total of 30 registered Roma was 26.9 years, which indicates a middle age structure. Roma parents were on average 35.2 years old, while the average age of their children was 16.4 years, which merely confirms their middle age structure. These data correspond to the age structure of Roma in other areas of inter-war Croatia, where approximately 44% of all Roma registered in the Sava Banovina in 1931 were between 20 and 59 years old. The family structure shows that the nine registered Roma families had an average of 3.5 members, while three families had no children. Almost all families consisted of a married couple with or without children, while only one family included a mother-in-law (husband›s mother). This file also reveals whether the Roma were legally married or lived in a “concubinage”, i.e. in an extramarital union. Half of the Roma couples were legally married, while the other half were unmarried. The issue of marriage legality is followed by the issue of their attitudes to religion, especially when it comes to the baptism of children. All Roma interviewed stated that they had been baptised, as well as their children, which suggests that the registered Roma from Stupnik were religious insofar as they and their children had been baptised, but the documents themselves provide no insight into their personal attitude toward religion. A review of the data from the Roma census enables an analysis of their economic position and migration routes. All registered Roma people stated that they were engaged in agriculture on small plots of land. When it comes to migration, it is important to point out that those Roma lived a sedentary lifestyle. Comparison between the birthplace of the registered Roma and the place of their residence in Stupnik municipality shows that they had been migrating only within the wider Zagreb area. In addition, data were collected on their plans to emigrate from their (Stupnik) municipality, with all registered Roma stating that they intended to stay in that area, which further underlines the high level of their social integration. The final question of the interviews with the Roma was related to military service. These data reveal that a part of the Roma served in the army during World War I, while the second part was declared unfit for the army, although some of them also took part in military operations during the war. The analysis of the above data leads to certain conclusions. In 1939, nine Roma families with a total of 27 members lived in Stupnik municipality. They were permanent residents of the villages of Žitarka and Razborišće. Their average age of 26 corresponds to the average age of registered Roma in the Sava Banovina. Most Roma families consisted of a mother and father with children, while only one of them included a mother-in-law. Half of the Roma partners were legally married, while the other half were unmarried or living in concubinage. It is interesting to note that all registered Roma had been baptised, which can be explained by a certain level of adaptation to the local environment. The analysis of the above data reveals that the majority of Roma households were engaged in agriculture, while a minor part were workers. The Stupnik authorities were particularly interested in where the Roma had immigrated from and whether they intended to stay or relocate. All registered Roma were born and lived near Stupnik municipality, mostly in the areas of Sv. Klara, Sv. Nedjelja and Samobor. The question concerning military service also reveals the attitude of the Roma towards state authorities. These data are diverse, too. While some stated that they had actively fought in World War I, others had been declared unfit. Further research into the history of the Stupnik Roma shows that the municipal authorities registered Roma twice in two years (in May 1940 and in July 1941). That was in line with the local provisions of official authorities for resolving the issue of relations with the Roma. Those Roma were also victims of the Ustasha genocidal policy of Roma extermination. In early June 1942, they were forcibly evicted and deported to the Jasenovac concentration camp, where they were killed. This historicaldemographic and socio-economic analysis of the Roma community in a certain area aims to contribute to a better understanding of the history of the Roma in Croatia.

Abstract Background: Primary prophylaxis in severe hemophilia patients has been shown to improve patient outcomes and quality of life by decreasing the number of joint bleeds, lowering the subsequent risk of developing hemophilic arthropathy (Blanchette et al.Haemophilia 2010 (Suppl. 5); Ljung R. Blood Rev 2009) and by reducing the incidence of other bleeds including intracranial hemorrhages. Currently licensed factor concentrates have a relatively short half-life, and require frequent infusions for effectiveness. The intensity of this prophylaxis is difficult for most patients (particularly young children) and contributes to reduced compliance and quality of life. Nonacog beta pegol (N9-GP) is a glycoPEGylated recombinant factor IX (rFIX) with a prolonged half-life (up to 111 h in adolescent and adult patients) as compared to currently available standard plasma-derived and rFIX products (18-19 h). N9-GP is therefore expected to be effective in preventing bleeds when given less frequently than currently available FIX products. It is hoped that this will improve patient compliance, clinical outcomes and quality of life. Until now only adolescents and adults have received N9-GP. Given this experience a trial (paradigm™5) was undertaken to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of N9-GP in children ≤12 years of age. Aims: The primary objective of this trial was to evaluate immunogenicity of N9-GP in previously treated pediatric (≤12 years of age) hemophilia B patients (FIX≤2%) with no history of inhibitors and at least 50 exposures days (ED) to other FIX products. Key secondary objectives were to evaluate efficacy, pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and general safety of N9-GP in this group of patients. Methods: paradigm™5 was a multicenter, single arm, open label trial investigating the safety, efficacy and PK of N9-GP in this group of patients. A total of 20 children allocated to two age cohorts ≤6 years and 7-12 years (minimum 10 patients per age cohort) were required to be dosed with a prophylactic regimen of 40 U/kg N9-GP once weekly for at least 50 exposures (as per EMA guidelines), with treatment of breakthrough bleeds with 40 U/kg N9-GP (80 U/kg N9-GP for severe bleeding episodes). Results: 25 patients were enrolled and treated in the trial: 12 in the younger (0-6 years) and 13 in the older (7-12 years) age group. No patients developed inhibitors during the trial, and no safety concerns were observed in standard safety parameters and clinical evaluation. Among patients on prophylaxis prior to inclusion (N=22), the median (range) number of bleeds in the 12 months prior to inclusion was 2.0 (0–9). The median (range) annualized bleeding rate during the trial was 1.0 (0.0–6.5); 5 of the 12 younger patients (41.7%) and 10 of the 13 older patients (76.9%) reported bleeds. 72.7% of these bleeds in the younger cohort were reported as traumatic vs. 54.8% in the older age cohort. All bleeding episodes were treated with 40 U/kg N9-GP: 92.9% were successfully treated; 85.7% were treated with a single injection. PK analysis showed 1) an incremental recovery (IR) of N9-GP of 0.016 (U/mL)/(U/kg) with no difference between the 2 age groups; 2) a geometric mean single-dose half-life of 69.6 (0-6 years) and 76.3 hours (7-12 years) and 3) a faster clearance in the younger vs. older age group (0.758 and 0.650 mL/h/kg, respectively). Geometric mean FIX trough levels after the first dose of N9-GP was 0.084 U/ml in the 0-6 year age group and 0.109 U/ml in the 7-12 year age group. Estimated mean steady state trough levels (95% CI) for the younger age group was 0.154 U/ml (0.127; 0.186), as compared to 0.190 U/ml (0.159; 0.228) in the older age group. Steady state trough levels were reached after approximately 4 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: In this trial, N9-GP appeared to have a safe and well-tolerated profile. Prophylactic protection and treatment of bleeds with N9-GP in previously treated pediatric hemophilia B patients was confirmed. The PK profile of N9-GP confirmed an extended half-life and high trough levels with 40 U/kg once weekly injections in the pediatric population. As with other FIX products younger patients show lower IR, shorter half-lives and higher clearance than what is observed in adolescents and adults. Disclosures Carcao: Baxter, Bayer, Biogen, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, CSL Behring, Octapharma: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Off Label Use: N9-GP is not yet FDA approved. Information provided will discuss phase 3 pediatric clinical trial data.. Zak:Novo Nordisk A/S: Employment. Hanabusa:Baxter Healthcare, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, Pfizer, Biogen Idec and KaketsuKen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Persson:Novo Nordisk A/S: Employment. Rangarajan:Baxter, Biotest, Grifols, Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Santagostino:Pfizer, Bayer, Baxter, Novo Nordisk, CSL Behring, Grifols, Biotest: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

In this study, we constructed and validated a scoring prediction model to identify children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) at risk for early death. Children with CAP who were admitted to the PICU were included in the training set and divided into death and survival groups according to whether they died within 30 days of admission. For univariate and multifactorial analyses, demographic characteristics, vital signs at admission, and laboratory test results were collected separately from the 2 groups, and independent risk factors were derived to construct a scoring prediction model. The ability of the scoring model to predict CAP-related death was validated by including children with CAP hospitalized at 3 other centers during the same period in the external validation set. Overall, the training and validation sets included 296 and 170 children, respectively. Univariate and multifactorial analyses revealed that procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen (Fib) were independent risk factors. The constructed scoring prediction model scored 2 points each for PCT ≥ 0.375 ng/mL, LDH ≥ 490 U/L, and APTT ≥ 31.8 s and 1 point for Fib ≤ 1.78 g/L, with a total model score of 0–7 points. When the score was ≥ 5 points, the sensitivity and specificity of mortality diagnosis in children with CAP were 72.7% and 87.5%, respectively. In the external validation set, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the scoring model for predicting the risk of CAP-related death were 64.0%, 92.4%, and 88.2%, respectively. Constructing a scoring prediction model is worth promoting and can aid pediatricians in simply and rapidly evaluating the risk of death in children with CAP, particularly those with complex conditions.

A recent report by the U. S. Conference of Mayors noted that "Homelessness is the greatest single problem facing poor children in New York City" (Daily News, Oct. 28, 1988). As more about the report was made public, it became evident that the poor face problems other than homelessness. These involve problems with child care, drugs, school dropout, jobs, and teenage pregnancy. But these same problems are experienced by many people with shelter, and this makes homelessness only one part of a much larger social problem. This essay will focus on the "almost homeless," low-income and working class neighborhoods of New York City. People living in such neighborhoods are related to the homeless in several ways. Some of the residents of such areas stand the risk of becoming homeless themselves, and the residents of these areas often object strongly to any proposed housing project that would benefit the homeless. Any solution to the problem of homelessness must confront and improve the living conditions in these marginal communities.

The challenge of implementing character education has an impact on the development of children's character. This study aims to describe the form of parenting using tueak serembeak in early character development and education in the Rejang tribe. This qualitative research uses a case study method with two male respondents. Data was collected by documentation, interviews, observations, and field notes and analysed using the Miles and Huberman stages. The theoretical study as the basis of research shows that tueak serembeak can form twelve characters in early childhood, responsibility, courage to take decisions, sharing, caring, survival, tenacity, cooperation, hard work, never give up, keep the spirit, dare to accept challenges, and be patient in dealing with problems. However, the findings in the field show that there are only four characters that appear, being responsible, sharing, caring and patient in dealing with problems. Other characters that appear not based on the teachings of tueak serembeakare independent, creative, and friendly characters. This happens because of the influence of external intervention, education in Air Raman Village, which has developed, advanced technology and open community life. A suggestion for further research, is experimental research based on tueak serembeak teachings that can explain more clearly the influence of this teaching on other aspects of child development. Keywords: Early Character Development, Parenting, Tueak Serembeak References: Acar, I. H., Uçuş, Ş., & Yıldız, S. (2017). Parenting and Turkish children’ s behaviour problems: The moderating role of qualities of parent – child relationship moderating role of qualities of parent – child relationship. 4430(September). https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2017.1365362 Adhe, K. R. (2014). Penanaman Karakter Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Pada Masyarakat Samin. Asscheman, J. S., He, J., Koot, S., Buil, J. M., Krabbendam, L., & Lier, P. A. C. Van. (2020). Classroom peer preferences and the development of sharing behavior with friends and others. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 44(5), 412–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025420911094 Bavarian, N., Lewis, K. M., Dubois, D. L., Acock, A., Vuchinich, S., Silverthorn, N., Snyder, F. J., Day, J., Ji, P., & Flay, B. R. (2013). Using social-emotional and character development to improve academic outcomes: A matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial in low-income, urban schools. The Journal of School Health, 83(11), 771–779. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12093 Berkowitz, R., Astor, R. A., Pineda, D., DePedro, K. T., Weiss, E. L., & Benbenishty, R. (2021). Parental Involvement and Perceptions of School Climate in California. Urban Education, 56(3), 393–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085916685764 Castro-schilo, L., Taylor, Z. E., Ferrer, E., Richard, W., Conger, R. D., Widaman, K. F., Conger, R. D., & Widaman, K. F. (2012). Parenting: Science and Practice Parents’ Optimism, Positive Parenting, and Child Peer Competence in Mexican- Origin Families Parents’ Optimism, Positive Parenting, and Child Peer Competence in Mexican-Origin Families. September 2013, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2012.709151 Dalimonte-Merckling, D., & Williams, J. M. (2020). Parenting Styles and Their Effects☆. In J. B. Benson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development (Second Edition) (pp. 470–480). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.23611-0 Daniel, G. R., Wang, C., & Berthelsen, D. (2016). Early Childhood Research Quarterly Early school-based parent involvement, children’ s self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An Australian longitudinal study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.12.016 Dea, L. F., Anwar, M. S., & Yusuf, M. (2020). Building Early Childhood Character through KH. Wahid Hasyim Education Model at RA Ma’ arif Metro. 6(2), 109–120. http://dx.doi.org./0.442/al-athfal.2020.62-02 Diana, R. R., Chirzin, M., Bashori, K., Suud, F. M., & Khairunnisa, N. Z. (2021). Parental Engagement on Children Character Education: The Influences of Positive Parenting and Agreeableness Mediated by Religiosity. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(2), 428–444. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i2.39477 Ekorusyono, Y., Rosyadi, I., & Tri Bima, P. (2015). Roh kehidupan Suku Rejang. Buku Litera. Freijo, E. B. A., López, M. J. R., Freijo, E. B. A., & López, M. J. R. (2018). Positive parenting in Spain: Introduction to the special issue Positive parenting in Spain: Introduction to the special issue. 4430. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1501565 Gomez, Jessie A; Carter, Alice S; Forbes, Danielle; Gray, S. A. o. (2019). Parental Insightfulness and Parenting Behavior: A two-dimensional analysis of parent contributions to child cognitive outcomes. HHS Public Access, 20(3), 255–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2018.1446734.Parental Gü, S. K. (2017). The Education of Developing Responsibility Value *. 5(2), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i2.1361 Hariyanto, S. M. (2012). Konsep dan Model Pendidikan Karakter [Character Education Concepts and Models]. Remaja rosdakarya. Hodijah, S., Rachmawati, Y., Studi, P., Guru, P., Anak, P., Dini, U., Pedagogik, D., Pendidikan, F. I., & Indonesia, U. P. (2018). Upaya Guru Dalam Menanamkan Sifat Sabar Di RA Persis I Kota Bandung. EDUKIDS: Jurnal Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan, Dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 15(229), 95–102. Kertajaya, H. (2010). Grow With Character, The Model Marketing. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Lee, G. (2013). Programs: Korean Children’ s Experiences Re-emphasizing Character Education in Early Childhood Programs Korean Children’ s Experiences. Childhood Education, October 2014, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2013.830907 Listyarti, R. (2012). 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The influence of family, school and peers on students' emotional social development is very important as a starting point for the design of school activities that will also improve student development in an integral way. The Star of the Week program was developed with the aim of helping students apply the knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to socialize and understand and manage emotions. This study uses the Thiagarajan model stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate (4D). The results of the validity test from the experts show that this program has workable value with 91.1% material aspects, 90% emotional development aspects and 92% presentation aspects. For the practicality test results through teacher questionnaires obtained scores of 90%, and 88.67% through teacher observations of children who are in the high practical category. The results of the program effectiveness test showed a value of 89.08% on children's social-emotional development, because it showed an increase in values ​​before and after the intervention. The implication of further research is that it is hoped that various kinds of learning methods will develop aspects of child development based on cooperation and peer relationships. Keywords: Early Childhood, Peer Relationships, Star of the Week Program, Social Emotional References Acar, I. H., Hong, S. Y., & Wu, C. R. (2017). Examining the role of teacher presence and scaffolding in preschoolers’ peer interactions. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(6), 866–884. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2017.1380884 Acar, I. H., Rudasill, K. M., Molfese, V., Torquati, J., & Prokasky, A. (2015). Temperament and preschool children’s peer interactions. Early Education and Development, 26(4), 479–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.1000718 Akhir, K., & Wisz, M. S. (2018). 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Abstract Thrombosis is a known risk in pediatric patients with leukemia. This risk is increased when L-asparaginase is administered. However, children with cancer may have thrombotic complications similar to adults even in the absence of L-asparaginase. The risk may be related to the presence of central lines, surgery, immobilization, or inherited thrombophilia. Cancer in adult patients is also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis that may be related to the disease itself. Low molecular weight heparin such as enoxaparin has become widely used in adult patients with thrombosis. However, there is little data regarding the use of enoxaparin in children undergoing myelosuppressive therapy for malignancies. The purpose of this study was to review the utilization of low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin (Lovenox), in children with cancer at our institution who had thrombosis while undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy. In particular we were interested in the efficacy of enoxaparin in these patients, and if these children were able to continue their chemotherapy without adjustment or interruption secondary to bleeding complications. We conducted a retrospective review from 1999 through April 1, 2004 which yielded seven patients with malignancies and a vascular thrombotic event. The age range was 4–17 years. Diagnosis include: B-precursor ALL (n=3), T-ALL, Hodgkin’s disease, Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma (n=1 each). Six patients developed a deep vein thrombus or clot of the vena cava. One of these 6 patients also had a pulmonary embolus. One patient presented with manifestations of a unilateral cerebral vascular accident without evidence of a DVT. U/S and CT/MRI were performed on patients when appropriate. All patients were screened for Protein C & S deficiency, ATIII deficiency, Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin 20210a mutation, and lupus anticoagulant. Treatment was enoxaparin, 1–1.5 mg/kg/dose twice daily to maintain a heparin anti-Xa level of 0.5-1.5 IU/mL. Once the clot had resolved, the enoxaparin was maintained daily for a total of 3–6 months of therapy. All patients had resolution of their thrombosis within 1–2 months of initiation of enoxaparin, and none required delays or dose-reduction of their chemotherapy regimens while on anti-coagulation. There were 10 documented occurences of thrombocytopenia (platelet count &lt; 50,000) in 2 patients without bleeding complications. There was a minimum of 50 days of documented thrombocytopenia while on enoxaparin. We conclude that enoxaparin is effective and safe treatment for thrombotic complications in children undergoing cancer chemotherapy.

BackgroundIgA vasculitis (IgAV) is a rare autoimmune disease affecting small vessels. It is well established that the incidence is higher in children (3 to 26 per 100,000 children/year,)[1]than in adults (0.1 to 1.8 per 100,000 individuals/year)[1]. However others epidemiological data and impact of the COVID-19 on IgAV remain overlooked[2].ObjectivesTo collect and analyze epidemiological data on IgAV in both adults and children in France.MethodsWe conducted an observational study using a national database called “BNDMR”[3](Banque Nationale de Données Maladies Rares) on IgA vasculitis (code ORPHA761), which gathered patients managed in the French rare disease expert network. The incidence was estimated from the date of diagnosis, and we calculated the median annual incidence over the period 2010-2022. We specifically assessed the north/south gradient (latitude of the residence higher/lower than the median of the latitudes), the seasonality, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to other patients reported within the same period and addressed in the same expert centers used as controls.ResultsDuring this 12-year period, 1988 patients with IgAV were reported (1498 children; 490 adults). The male to female ratio was 1.57 for adults and 1.05 for children. The median IgAV annual incidence was 15 cases/year [IQR 9-30] and 82 cases/year [IQR 72-86] for adult and children cases respectively. Time to diagnosis was less than 1 month for both. Compared with other patients reported in the same expert centers, IgAV was more frequently reported in the southern part of France than in the north (OR 4.88 [95% confidence intervals: 4.17 - 5.74] in adults and OR 1.51 [1.35 - 1.68] in children). IgAV was also more frequently observed in winter than during the rest of the year in both adults (OR 1.60 [1.39 - 1.82]) and children (OR 1.22 [1.01 - 1.48]). The incidence of IgAV decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (from March 2020 to September 2022) in children (OR 0.62 [0.47 - 0.81]) but not in the adult population (OR 0.90 [0.76 - 1.06]).ConclusionOur study confirms the winter seasonality and sex ratio in IgAV[4,5], but suggests that the incidence or the reporting of IgAV decreased in children during the COVID19 pandemia, possibly due to barrier measures[6]. The observed north/south gradient need confirmation. The main limitation of this study is a possible IgAV under-reporting as this study rely only on cases addressed in expert centers.References[1]Audemard-Verger A, Pillebout E, Guillevin L, Thervet E, Terrier B. IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Shönlein purpura) in adults: Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.Autoimmun Rev. 2015;14(7):579-585. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.02.003[2]Deshayes S, Moulis G, Pillebout E, Aouba A, Audemard-Verger A. Positive predictive value of hospital discharge diagnosis code to identify immunoglobulin A vasculitis in France: A validation study.Eur J Intern Med. 2017;43:e18-e19. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.05.025[3]Jannot AS, Messiaen C, Khatim A, Pichon T, Sandrin A, BNDMR infrastructure team. The ongoing French BaMaRa-BNDMR cohort: implementation and deployment of a nationwide information system on rare disease.J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2022;29(3):553-558. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab237[4]Piram M, Maldini C, Biscardi S, et al. Incidence of IgA vasculitis in children estimated by four-source capture-recapture analysis: a population-based study.Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017;56(8):1358-1366. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex158[5]Gardner-Medwin JMM, Dolezalova P, Cummins C, Southwood TR. Incidence of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins.Lancet. 2002;360(9341):1197-1202. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11279-7[6]Kaya Akca U, Atalay E, Cuceoglu MK, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of the pediatric rheumatic diseases.Rheumatol Int. 2022;42(1):51-57. doi:10.1007/s00296-021-05027-7Figure.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

Objective Many men living with HIV want to have children. Opportunities to reduce periconception HIV transmission include antiretroviral therapy as prevention, pre-exposure prophylaxis, limiting condomless sex to peak fertility, and sperm processing. Whether men have knowledge of or want to adopt these strategies remains unknown. Methods We conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with men accessing HIV care in South Africa in 2014 to inform a safer conception intervention for men. Eligible men were 25–45 years old, living with HIV, not yet accessing treatment, and wanting to have a child with an HIV-negative or unknown serostatus female partner (referred to as the “desired pregnancy partner”). FGDs explored motivations for having a healthy baby, feasibility of a clinic-based safer conception intervention, and acceptability of safer conception strategies. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Twelve participants from three FGDs had a median age of 37 (range 23–45) years, reported a median of 2 (range 1–4) sexual partners, and 1 (range 1–3) desired pregnancy partner(s). A third (N = 4) had disclosed HIV-serostatus to the pregnancy partner. Emergent themes included opportunities for and challenges to engaging men in safer conception services. Opportunities included enthusiasm for a clinic-based safer conception intervention and acceptance of some safer conception strategies. Challenges included poor understanding of safer conception strategies, unfamiliarity with risk reduction [versus “safe” (condoms) and “unsafe” (condomless) sex], mixed acceptability of safer conception strategies, and concerns about disclosing HIV-serostatus to a partner. Conclusions Men living with HIV expressed interest in safer conception and willingness to attend clinic programs. Imprecise prevention counseling messages make it difficult for men to conceptualize risk reduction. Effective safer conception programs should embrace clear language, e.g. undetectable = untransmittable (U = U), and support multiple approaches to serostatus disclosure to pregnancy partners.

School readiness during early childhood establishes the fundamental basis for prospective academic achievement, emphasizing the necessity for a comprehensive preparation that encompasses both mental and physical readiness. The current study examines the impact of child well-being and family support on school readiness among young learners. This Study used a correlational quantitative approach, the research involved 139 children between the ages of 4 and 7, along with their parents and 30 teachers selected through purposive sampling based on their socioeconomic status. The participants included 54.7% boys (n=76) and 45.3% girls (n=63) from families with varying income levels – low-income (25%), middle-income (29%), and upper-middle-income (46%). The results of the regression analysis indicated that both family support and child well-being have a significant influence on children's school readiness. Particularly, there is a notable positive association among all factors, a correlation between school readiness and child well-being at 42% (r = 0.420, p < 0.001), highlighting that higher levels of child well-being are linked to increased school readiness. Furthermore, family support exhibits a positive contribution to school readiness at 37% (r = 0.370, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that preparing children for school should extend beyond academic and motor skills development to include substantial psychological support, thus enhancing their ability to thrive in an academic environment. Keywords: early childhood, Emotion, Emotion regulation, parenting, happiness References: Atkins, R., Deatrick, J. A., Bocage, C., Huc, R., Aromolaran, D., Besseir, E., Hinckson, A., Joseph, M., Kim, D., Lagman, D., Gladsden, V. L., & Lipman, T. H. (2022). School Readiness and Social Determinants of Health: A Collaboration with Community Teachers and Parents. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4090268 Ayriza, Y., Setiawati, F. A., Nurhayati, S. R., Gumelar, S. R., & Sholeha, E. P. D. R. (2019). Does sleep quality serve as a mediator between well-being and academic achievement? Cakrawala Pendidikan, 38(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v38i1.22181 Azra, A., Risnawati, E., Hermaini, B., Hendra, M., Kartikawati, E., Buana, U. M., & Terbuka, U. (2023). How family communication pattern affect a family ’ s capacity for resilience during covid-19 pandemic. 11(1), 117–137. Barnett, M. A., Paschall, K. W., Mastergeorge, A. M., Cutshaw, C. A., & Warren, S. M. (2020). Influences of Parent Engagement in Early Childhood Education Centers and the Home on Kindergarten School Readiness. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 53, 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.05.005 Borualogo;, Ihsana Sabriani, F. C. (2020). Subjective Well-Being of Indonesian Children:A Perspective of Material Well-Being. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 44–47. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111634487-006 Borualogo, I. S., & Casas, F. (2022). The children’s worlds psychological well-being scale: Adaptation and fit in the Indonesian context. Cogent Psychology, 9(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2022.2053377 Cress, C. J., Synhorst, L., Epstein, M. H., & Allen, E. (2012). Confirmatory factor analysis of the preschool behavioral and emotional rating scale (PreBERS) with preschool children with disabilities. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 37(4), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508411433499 Cress, C., Lambert, M. C., & Epstein, M. H. (2016). Factor Analysis of the Preschool Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale for Children in Head Start Programs. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 34(5), 473–486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282915617630 Diener, E., & Ryan, K. (2009). Subjective Well-Being: A General Overview. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900402 El Zaatari, W., & Maalouf, I. (2022). How the Bronfenbrenner Bio-ecological System Theory Explains the Development of Students’ Sense of Belonging to School? SAGE Open, 12(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221134089 Golshirazi, F., & Sadeghi, A. (2021). The Effect of Home-to-School Transition Program on Social-Emotional Readiness of Preschool Students. Journal of Counseling Research. https://doi.org/10.18502/qjcr.v20i77.6147 Gómez-Leal, R., Holzer, A. A., Bradley, C., Fernández-Berrocal, P., & Patti, J. (2022). The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership in school leaders: a systematic review. Cambridge Journal of Education, 52(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2021.1927987 Gregory, T., Dal Grande, E., Brushe, M., Engelhardt, D., Luddy, S., Guhn, M., Gadermann, A., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Brinkman, S. (2021). Associations between School Readiness and Student Wellbeing: A Six-Year Follow Up Study. Child Indicators Research, 14(1), 369–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-020-09760-6 Halimah, N., & Kawuryan, F. (2010). Kesiapan Memasuki Sekolah Dasar Pada Anak Yang Mengikuti Pendidikan Tk Dengan Yang Tidak Mengikuti Pendidikan Tk Di Kabupaten Kudus. Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Muria Kudus, I(1), 1–8. http://www.pustaka.unpad.ac.id Harrington, E. M., Trevino, S. D., Lopez, S., & Giuliani, N. R. (2020). Emotion regulation in early childhood: Implications for socioemotional and academic components of school readiness. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 20(1), 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000667 Holzer, J., Bürger, S., Lüftenegger, M., & Schober, B. (2022). Revealing associations between students’ school-related well-being, achievement goals, and academic achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 95(March), 102140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102140 Hughes, C., White, N., Foley, S., & Devine, R. T. (2018). Family support and gains in school readiness: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 88(2), 284–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12188 Jung, S., & Choi, N. (2020). Effect of Family Functioning on Preschoolers’ School Readiness: Mediating Effects of Mothers’ Affective Parenting and Preschoolers’ Self-regulation. Family and Environment Research, 58(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.6115/fer.2020.001 Kokkalia, G., Drigas, A., Economou, A., & Roussos, P. (2019). School readiness from kindergarten to primary school. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 14(11), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJET.V14I11.10090 Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and Adaptation. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/2075902 Lin, M. L., & Faldowski, R. A. (2023). The Relationship of Parent Support and Child Emotional Regulation to School Readiness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064867 Lombardi, C. M. (2023). Early Maternal Employment And Children’s School Readiness: Changing Associations Over Time? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(4), 1032–1047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02357-3 Lombardi, C. M., & Dearing, E. (2021). Maternal Support of Children’s Math Learning in Associations Between Family Income and Math School Readiness. Child Development, 92(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13436 Luby, J. L., Barch, D. M., Belden, A., Gaffrey, M. S., Tillman, R., Babb, C., Nishino, T., Suzuki, H., & Botteron, K. N. (2012). Maternal support in early childhood predicts larger hippocampal volumes at school age. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(8), 2854–2859. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118003109 Mariyati, L. I. (2017). Usia dan Jenis Kelamin dengan Kesiapan Masuk Sekolah Dasar. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Psikologi UMG, 095, 331–344. Mashar, R., & Pudji Astuti, F. (2022). Correlation between Parenting Skills, Children’s Emotional and Intelligence Quotient with School Readiness. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 16(2), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.162.02 Nurmaria, H., & Risnawati, E. (2022). The Relationship of Loneliness and Internet Addiction To Psychological Well-Being in Adolescents. Biopsikososial: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Mercubuana Jakarta, 5(2), 509. https://doi.org/10.22441/biopsikososial.v5i2.14644 Rahmawati. (2018). Kesiapan sekolah merupakan kesiapan anak untuk memasuki sekolah . Di Indonesia istilah kesiapan sekolah lazim digunakan untuk merujuk kesiapan anak masuk Sekolah Dasar ( SD ), sebagai sekolah f. 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This study aims to describe the acquisition of the first language of children aged three years based on phonological aspects including, the acquisition of vowels, acquisition of consonants, and factors that influence the acquisition of phonology in children. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The research data is in the form of children's speech. The data source was obtained from a three-year-old child named AMS who grew up in an environment with Madurese first language. At the age of three years, AMS is going through a golden period or a critical period. During this golden period, children begin to be able to carry out the language acquisition process. Data collection was carried out using observation and interview methods. After that, the data obtained were then analyzed through three stages, namely the data reduction stage, the data preparation stage, and the conclusion drawing stage. The findings of the study indicate that at the age of three, children are already fluent in the Madurese language, but there is little influence of Indonesian on the child's Madurese language. At this age, children get a phonemic inventory of the Madurese language, including Indonesian. The child has mastered the vowels [a], [i], [u], [e], and [o] along with their allophones. In addition, children also master several consonant sounds, including [b], [p], [m], [n], [w], [j], [k], [g], [p], [ l], [ŋ], [ɲ], [h], [tʃ],, [ʃ] and [ʤ]. Meanwhile, the sounds [r], [s], and [f] cannot be pronounced properly even though they are located at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of the word. Based on the results of observations, the limitations of children in pronouncing some of these consonants are caused by the child's articulator factor which has not grown perfectly. Even though the researchers provoked consonants that had not yet appeared in the child's pronunciation, the child was still not able to pronounce the sound of the consonant phoneme. In this regard, it can be seen that the phonological acquisition of a child's first language is not determined by the year, but is strongly influenced by neurobiological factors. Therefore, it is not impossible if the acquisition of the sounds of children of the same age in the same year can be different in number, because what is universal is not the year, but the appearance of these sounds. Another factor that affects the acquisition of AMS phonology is the stimulus provided by the family and the environment around the child. Based on some of the data found, certain sounds are the result of imitation. Therefore, the acquisition of a child's first language is also greatly influenced by the environment around the child.

Na temelju literature, tiska te objavljenih i neobjavljenih izvora u radu se sagledavaju pojave gladi i poplava kao posljedice procesa koji su se događali na uskom području slijeva potoka Rešetarice do utoka u rijeku Savu. Potok Rešetarica izvire na sjevernom dijelu kotara Nova Gradiška, na vlastelinstvu Cernik, koje je u razdoblju od 1890. do 1914. doživljavalo ekonomski procvat uvjetovan djelovanjem pet tvornica. U radu se sagledavaju povezanost i utjecaj ekonomskog napretka tvornica na vlastelinstvu Cernik, koje su za svoje djelovanje iskorištavale šumu vlastelinstva, na pojavu bujica pa time i, posljedično, pojavu poplave i gladi duž slijeva potoka Rešetarice do Save. Krčenje šuma na vlastelinstvu, pojava bujica i neadekvatna regulacija potoka Rešetarica rezultirali su poplavama i gladi, ponajviše kod sela Orubice i Davora. Ta su sela bila plavljena s dviju strana, potokom Rešetaricom, koji se ulijevao u Crnac polje, sa sjeverne strane i rijekom Savom s južne strane. O lošim nasipima, nedostatku političke volje i sporoj regulaciji rijeke Save progovarao je Milan Kerdić, jedini lokalni glasnogovornik ugroženog stanovništva, potvrđujući kako su mikroregionalni problemi odraz međunarodne krize, ali i nedostatka političke volje i interesa za rješavanje regulacije rijeke Save.

Cilj je ovoga rada dati narativni pregled istraživanja roditeljskih stilova i ponašanja prema djeci tipičnog razvoja sa sestrom/bratom s teškoćama u razvoju. U radu je prikazan model roditeljskih stilova i dimenzije koje opisuju roditeljska ponašanja te njihove odrednice. Definiran je konstrukt nejednakog roditeljskog tretmana i opisana su istraživanja njegove povezanosti s razvojnim ishodima kod djece. U drugom dijelu rada prikazan je detaljan pregled spoznaja o nejednakom roditeljskom tretmanu u obiteljima s djetetom s teškoćama u razvoju. Pregled istraživanja upućuje da se u obiteljima s djetetom s teškoćom u razvoju često javlja nejednak roditeljski tretman, koji se iskazuje u doživljaju djece tipičnog razvoja da im roditelji ne posvećuju jednako pažnje i vremena kao sestrama/braći s teškoćama u razvoju, u angažmanu djece tipičnog razvoja oko skrbi za sestru/brata s teškoćama u razvoju te u manjku autonomije koji osjećaju djeca tipičnog razvoja. Nejednak roditeljski tretman u tim obiteljima povezan je s kvalitetom sestrinsko/bratskog odnosa, kao i s razvojem internaliziranih i eksternaliziranih problema kod djece tipičnog razvoja. U radu su prikazana i ograničenja klasičnih teorija i dosadašnjih istraživačkih nacrta, a koja se odnose na zanemarivanje dvosmjernog utjecaja roditeljskih stilova i ponašanja te ponašanja djeteta, kao i na nesklad između teorijskih koncepata i načina mjerenja konstrukata. Na kraju rada istaknute su smjernice za buduća istraživanja te kako postojeće spoznaje mogu pridonijeti programima podrške roditeljstvu djece s i bez teškoća u razvoju.

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to be an important bacterial pathogen associated with invasive (e.g. bacteraemia, meningitis) and non-invasive (e.g. community-acquired respiratory tract) infections worldwide. Surveillance studies conducted nationally and globally assist in determining trends over geographical areas and allow comparisons between countries. Objectives To characterize invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae in terms of their serotype, antimicrobial resistance, genotype and virulence and to use the serotype data to determine the level of coverage by different generations of pneumococcal vaccines. Methods SAVE (Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility: Assessment for Vaccine Efficacy in Canada) is an ongoing, annual, national collaborative study between the Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARE) and the National Microbiology Laboratory, focused on characterizing invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae obtained across Canada. Clinical isolates from normally sterile sites were forwarded by participating hospital public health laboratories to the Public Health Agency of Canada—National Microbiology Laboratory and CARE for centralized phenotypic and genotypic investigation. Results The four articles in this Supplement provide a comprehensive examination of the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance and MDR, serotype distribution, genotypic relatedness and virulence of invasive S. pneumoniae obtained across Canada over a 10 year period (2011–2020). Conclusions The data highlight the evolution of S. pneumoniae under pressure by vaccination and antimicrobial usage, as well as vaccine coverage, allowing both clinicians and researchers nationally and globally to view the current status of invasive pneumococcal infections in Canada.

The variety of languages and cultures in the community will indirectly affect the acquisition and development of children's language. This will be seen when children change residence, where new dwellings, different variations or dialects. Like at the PAUD Nusantara University School Laboratory PGRI Kediri, most children from various regions, they are migrant families in the city of Kediri so that they need adaptation in the new environment including the language he will get. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, the purpose of which is to describe the acquisition of language of three-year-old in terms of cultural background and to describe the average length of speech of three-year-olds based on Mean Length of Utterance (MLU). The research subjects were four children from Tulungagung, Kediri, Malang and Surabaya. The results of speech analysis show that the average research subjects from Tulungagung, Malang, Kediri and Surabaya had an average MLU of 2.92 in stage VI, which meant that they were still at a low stage, which at the age of three was already at the stage VII 3.0-3.5 words per speech. Based on the results of the analysis, it is recommended that teachers and parents improve stimulation and find appropriate strategies for the acquisition and development of children's language. Keywords: Acquisition of children's language, Cultural background, Syntax Analysis References Bachri, C., & Maya, R. (2012). Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak Usia 7 Tahun 3 Bulan dalam bidang Sintaksis. Jurnal Edukasi Kultural. Chaer, A. (2003). Psikolinguistik: Kajian Teoritik. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta. Chaer, A., & Agustina, L. (2004). Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta. Chater, N., & Christianshen, H. M. (2018). Language acquisition as skill learning. Behavioral Science. Creswell, J. C. (2012). Introduction to Research Methods in Education. Los Angeles: Sage Publication. Darjowidjojo, S. (2010). Psikolinguistik (Pengatar Pemahaman Bahasa Manusia). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Hakim, U. (2016). Studi Pemerolehan Bahasa pada Anak Usia 4 tahun (Kajian Sintaksis). Jurnal Linguistik Terapan. Hetherington, P. (2003). Psikologi Perkembangan Anak dan Remaja Terjemahan Soemitro. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia. Hutabarat, I. (2018). Pemerolehan Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia Anak Usia Dua Tahun Dan Tiga Tahun Di Padang Bulan. Jurnal Dharma Agung, Xxvi(1). Mahsun. (2005). Metode Penelitian Bahasa. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Moleong, L. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Yogyakarta: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Nurjamiaty. (2015). Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak Usia Tiga Tahun Berdasarkan Tontonan Kesukaannya Ditinjau Dari Kontruksi Semantik. Jurnal Edukasi Kultura, 2(2). Owens, R. G. (2008). Organizational Behavior in Education (4th Ed) III. New York: Allyn&Bacon. Rahardi, K. (2001). Sosiolinguistik, Kode, dan Alih Kode. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Roni, N. S. (2016). Panjang Rata-Rata Tuturan Anak Usia 2 Tahun 7 Bulan Dalam Bingkai Teori Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak. Jurnal Pendidikan2016. Salnita, Y. E., Atmazaki, & Abdurrahman. (2019). Language Acquisition for Early Childhood. Jurnal Obsesi, 3(1). Smith, A. (2010). Development of Vocabularry and Grammar in Young America Speaking Children Assessed with aAmerica Language Development Inventory. Sumarsono. (2013). Sosiolinguistik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Sumarsono, & Partana, P. (2018). Sosiolinguistik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Vissiennon, K., Friederic, A. D., Brauer, J., & Wu, C.-Y. (2016). Functional organization of the language network in three- and six-year-old children. Neuropsychologia.

The article considers a stylometric model of systematic interpretation of authored lexical syntagmatics (lexical compatibility) in the classical prose of the 19th century. The article compares the achievements of classical lexicology and modern corpus linguistics and suggest bigrams, i. e. pairs of words used in a common phraseological context, as units of lexical syntagmatics to study texts of great volume. Besides, the articles formulates the requirements for lexical bigrams involved in the lexical-statistical comparison of different individual styles. The article provides examples of original bigrams that recur in different works of the same author over many creative years (e.g., oblokotit’ golovu [to lean a head on elbows] in the novels by L. N. Tolstoy). The problem of cataloguing and systematic interpretation of such recurring stylistic “particulars”, which the author may use deliberately or unconsciously, and the reader may or may not notice in different texts, is posed. On the basis of 19th century classical prose (the works of L. N. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoevsky, A. P. Chekhov, I. S. Turgenev and I. A. Goncharov), the authors perform a context lexico-statistical comparison of bigrams containing words frequently used by all authors (for example, chelovek/lyudi [person/people], golova [head], govorit’ [to speak], pervyy [first], vdrug [suddenly], dva [two], etc.) is studied. It is noted that each author can identify a different set of words appearing in the original contextual environment. The model of comparative analysis is examined in detail on the example of the contexts of words denoting a person: chelovek/lyudi [person/people], zhenshchina [woman] and rebenok/deti [child/children]. Such combinations as intelligentnyy chekovek [intelligent person], lenivyy chekovek [lazy person], imet’ uspekh u zhenshchin [to succeed with women], deti i vnuki [children and grandchildren] (A. P. Chekhov), nervicheskiy chelovek [nervous person] (I. S. Turgenev), poshchadit’ cheloveka [to spare a person] (F. M. Dostoevsky), kurchavyy chelovek [curly-haired person], nevysokaya zhenshchina [short woman], beremennaya zhenshchina [pregnant woman] (L. N. Tolstoy), zhenshchiny – sozdaniya (prekrasnye, nezhnye, slabye) [women are (beautiful, gentle, weak) creatures] (I. A. Goncharov) are small fragments of authored stylistic systems. The analysis reveals a striking difference between the syntagmatic characteristics of the works of different writers. Conclusions are made about a possible systematic presentation of the material in the form of an authored syntagmatic dictionary of the Russian prose of the 19th century.

Snažno useljavanje iz ruralnih krajeva nakon Prvoga svjetskog rata te kronični nedostatak stanova uzrokovali su naseljavanje južne periferije Zagreba. Taj je prostor zbog smještaja između željezničke pruge na sjeveru i neregulirane rijeke Save na jugu u promatranom razdoblju i dalje bio izoliran. Do vremena kada je Gradsko poglavarstvo primijetilo probleme vezane za naseljavanje na urbanistički neuređenom području doseljenici su već bili dosegnuli kritičnu masu da bi kao udruge građana dobili snagu za ostvarivanje svojih ciljeva u gradskom načelstvu. U radu će se nastojati opisati najvažniji trenuci u oblikovanju južne periferije između dva svjetska rata s posebnim naglaskom na utjecaj uređenja rijeke Save i suodnos gradskih političkih elita i novih stanovnika.

Autor analizira najstarije pisane potvrde zagrebačkih toponima. Riječ je o potvrdama koje nalazimo u vrelima iz XII. i XIII. stoljeća. Detaljnije je analizirana toponimija i topografija užeg prostora staroga Gradeca i Kaptola. Analizirane su najstarije potvrde hodonima i toponima te njihove poveznice s topografijom srednjovjekovnoga urbanog prostora. Potom su analizirani neke od najstarijih povijesnih toponimijskih potvrda iz šire zagrebačke okolice, odnosno iz prostora između Medvednice i rijeke Save. Tekst daje kratak pregled vrela, povijesnih potvrda i suvremenih tumačenja najvažnijih zagrebačkih toponima. Na koncu je ponuđen zaključak, kojim su toponimijske potvrde povezane s povijesnim topografskim i okolišnim uvjetima. Nastojalo se povezati povijesne i okolišne procese u srednjem vijeku s motivacijama imenovanja toponima.

Abstract Daratumumab (DARA), the first monoclonal antibody directed against CD38, received accelerated approval in 2015 and regular approval in 2016 by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) (Bhatnagar et al., 2017); its therapeutic indications were recently extended to first-line newly diagnosed MM patients in combination with standards of care following a positive clinical trial in this setting (Mateos et al., 2018). Therefore, DARA has brought extensive evidence that targeting CD38 is a highly successful strategy against MM (Frerichs et al., 2018; Plesner & Krejcik, 2018; Touzeau & Moreau, 2017). Interestingly, the pretreatment levels of CD38 expression on MM cells were significantly higher in patients who achieved at least partial response (PR) as compared to patients who achieved less than PR (Nijhof et al., 2016); furthermore, low level of CD38 expression has recently been identified as an adverse prognostic factor with high significance (p < 0.001) among MM patients (Arana et al., 2018). Besides MM, there are growing preclinical hints that DARA can be efficacious against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines (Fatehchand et al., 2016; Buteyn et al., 2018) or even T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells obtained from children patients (Bride et al., 2018), provided that enough CD38 molecules are present at the surface of the leukemic cells. Inecalcitol (INE: 14epi-,19nor-,23yne-,1,25dihydroxy-cholecalciferol), a vitamin D receptor agonist characterized by potent anti-proliferative and pro-differentiating properties and by a low calcemic potential (Okamoto et al., 2012; Ma et al., 2013; Medioni et al. 2014), has been shown to stimulate CD38 expression levels in 37 out of 38 MM cell lines (ASH 2017) and in 10 out of 11 AML cell lines (ASH 2016, AACR 2018). The next question was to know if this increase in CD38 expression induced by INE resulted in an increase in DARA-induced antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). We have tested two MM (MM1.S, L-363) and seven AML (HL-60, U-937, THP-1, Molm-13, UOC-M1, OCI-AML2, Kasumi-1) cell lines representative of various levels of spontaneous CD38 cell surface density, as measured in thousands of CD38 molecules per cell by fluorescent anti-CD38 labeling (HIT2 clone) followed by quantitative flow cytometry using Cellquant calibrator beads (BioCytex). They ranged from very high CD38-positive (MM.1S, 51.0 ± 1.6 and UOC-M1, 46.5 ± 4.9) to high (OCI-AML2, 16.6 ± 1.5), low (L-363, 7.1 ± 0.1 and THP-1, 7.0 ± 0.2), very low (Molm-13, 2.1 ± 1.0 and Kasumi-1, 1.1 ± 1.2) and CD38-negative (HL-60, U-937). After exposure to 10 nM INE or vehicle for 72h, DARA-induced ADCC was assessed using either the calcein staining of target cells exposed to healthy donors peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as effector cells, or the ADCC Reporter Bioassays Kit from Promega (G7018). After control vehicle incubation, DARA-induced ADCC was concentration-related in the range of 0.01 to 1 µg/mL in all cell lines and achieved a maximum ranging from 7% in THP-1, although a CD38-negative cell line, to respectively 27% and 28% in MM1.S and UOC-M1, the two highest CD38-positive cell lines. However, the correlation between maximal DARA-induced ADCC and CD38 surface density did not reach statistical significance (Spearman's rank correlation r = 0.6134, p = 0.09, n = 9). After incubation with 10 nM INE, the initially CD38-negative U-937 and HL-60 cells were found to express low (7.9 ± 0.3) and high (25.6 ± 7.3) surface CD38 levels, respectively. All the CD38-positive cell lines have shown a marked increase in the number of surface CD38 molecules: MM1.S (228 ± 12), OCI-AML2 (76,7 ± 6.5), UOC-M1 (68.8 ± 3.1), L-363 (63.9 ± 1.6), Molm-13 (38.2 ± 8.9), THP-1 (17.9 ± 0.9) and Kasumi-1 (15.7 ± 3.3) (paired Student's t-test, p = 0.02, n = 7). DARA-induced ADCC was concentration-related in the same 0.01 to 1 µg/mL range. Maximal DARA-induced ADCC was increased by 10 nM INE in all cell lines (paired Student t-test, p = 0.0025, n = 9), ranged from 20% in the lowest CD38-expressing cell line U-937 to 42% in the highest CD38-expressing cell line MM1.S, and was significantly correlated with the number of CD38 molecules/cell (Spearman's rank correlation r = 0.8333, p < 0.01, n = 9). Altogether, these results suggest that inecalcitol could represent a therapeutic agent of choice to enhance the clinical response of MM and AML patients to anti-CD38 antibodies such as daratumumab. Disclosures Mouly: Hybrigenics: Employment. Planquette:Hybrigenics: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties: inventor, but no royalties. Rousseau:Hybrigenics: Employment. Delansorne:Hybrigenics: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties: inventor, but no royalties.

The Covid-19 pandemic had a dangerous impact on early-childhood education, lost learning in almost all aspects of child development. The house-to-house learning, with the name Moving Home Learning Program (MHLP), is an attractive offer as an emergency remote teaching solution. This study aims to describe the application of MHLP designed by early-childhood education institutions during the learning process at home. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. The respondents involved in the interview were a kindergarten principal and four teachers. The research data were analyzed using the data content analysis. The Findings show that the MHLP has proven to be sufficiently in line with the learning needs of early childhood during the Covid-19 pandemic. Although, the application of the MHLP learning model has limitations such as the distance from the house that is far away, the number of meetings that are only once a week, the number of food and toy sellers passing by, disturbing children's concentration, and the risk of damage to goods at home. The implication of this research can be the basis for evaluating MHLP as an adaptive strategy that requires the attention of related parties, including policy makers, school principals, and teachers for the development of new, more effective online learning models. Keywords: Moving Home Learning Program (MHLP), Children Remote Teaching References:Abdollahi, E., Haworth-Brockman, M., Keynan, Y., Langley, M. J., & Oghadas, S. M. (2020). Simulating the effect of school closure during COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario , Canada. BMC Medicine, 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01705-8 Arends, R. I., & Kilcher, A. (2010). 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We regret to say that there is an error in the proof of theorem 1 of [F]. The algebras E*(U), E*(S) used there are not preserved by d, as claimed, save in the restricted case when U and S commute. A counterexample is the nilmanifold automorphism of [AA], Appendix 23. Thus the results of §1 and §2 are dubious, although the third section is unaffected.

(francuski) Plusieurs sources historiques nous sont parvenues qui attestent le r?le actif des cultes de saint Simeon et saint Sava, les premiers saints de l'Eglise Serbe. Tout en ?tant compl?mentaires, ces deux cultes diff?rent par leur fonction, notamment du fait que saint Simeon, fondateur de l'Etat et de la dynastie serbes, est c?l?br? comme un saint myroblite, alors que saint Sava, premier archev?que de l'Eglise serbe ind?pendante, est v?n?r? comme un saint thaumaturge. Leur fusion en un culte faisant l'objet d'une c?l?bration unique a eu lieu ? l'?poque du roi Milutin (1282-1321). Le pr?sent article ?tablit que la formation finale du nouveau programme monarchique de Milutin, probablement inspir? par la communaut? monastique de Chilandar, se situe entre 1314-1316 et 1321. Outre l'observation g?n?rale de la fonction de ce culte et de sa polys?mie, nous proc?dons ?galement ? une analyse du ph?nom?ne constitu? par les pri?res de saint Sim?on et saint Sava apparaissant dans les chartes de l'?poque du roi Milutin ? indice certain de l'efficacit? reconnue du nouveau culte ? et de ses implications politiques. Cependant, une image compl?te de la signification des pri?res de ces deux saints dans les chartes et de leur usage dans le domaine id?ologique, ne peut ?tre obtenue qu'en proc?dant ? une analyse des divers types de t?moignages ? chartes, fresques, offices, canons et apologies ? c?l?brant ces deux personnages. La plus ancienne repr?sentation conserv?e de ces deux saints sur des peintures murales se trouve dans l'?glise Saint-Nic?tas pr?s de Skoplje. Les portraits associ?s de saint Simeon et saint Sa va situ?s sur le mur nord du naos de l'?glise datent de la deuxi?me d?cennie du XIV?me si?cle (avant 1316). Leur ex?cution pouvant ?tre situ?e apr?s la conclusion d'une paix ayant mis fin ? des conflits int?rieurs. Au tout d?but, le motif ?des pri?res de saint Sim?on et saint Sa va? a en fait trouv? place dans les clauses p?nales des chartes de l'?poque. Le r?le de la pri?re y est d'assurer une protection ancestrale et sacrale aux dons pieux du souverain actuel. Sur un plan plus large, ces pri?res visent ?galement ? assurer une protection c?leste aux conqu?tes du roi et aux garanties formul?es dans les documents de donation, mais aussi la protection de la patrie dont la prosp?rit? est fond? sur la fonction sot?riologique rendue possible par les pri?res des saints protecteurs. La premi?re mention d'une telle invocation invitant les deux saints serbes ? anath?matiser celui qui violerait les dispositions de l'auteur d'une charte, appara?t dans une charte de confirmation d?livr?e par Milutin au monast?re de Chilandar au sujet de la donation d'une cellule de Sainte-Parasc?ve sise au village de Tmorani pr?s de Skopje (1299/1300 : Chil. si., n. 9, 1. 67). Les pri?res des deux saints dans leur fonction de protecteurs de l'Etat et de la dynastie apparaissent ?galement dans d'autres documents de souverains datant du d?but du XIV?me si?cle. La mention de Vladislav, cousin du roi Milutin, au nombre d'h?ritiers potentiels dans les clauses p?nales d'une charte du roi Milutin d?livr?e au monast?re de Chilandar (Chil. si., n. 11), rend possible une nouvelle datation, plus pr?cise, de ce document entre 1314 et 1316. Cette charte nous fournit donc un cadre chronologique pour l'?tablissement des pri?res des deux saints serbes, lequel cadre co?ncide avec l'apparition de leur repr?sentation associ?e sur les peintures du monast?re Saint-Nicolas dans la r?gion de Skoplje, que le roi a offert ? Chilandar, par le biais de la charte mentionn?e. A cette ?poque-l?, au cours des deux premi?res d?cennies du XIV?me si?cle, le moine Tedosije, inspir? par la communaut? monastique de Chilandar, fut charg? de proc?der, selon les go?ts litt?raires et les besoins id?ologiques de l'?poque, ? une r?daction monumentale de la litt?rature hagiographique jusqu'alors cr??e, et de jeter les fondements du nouveau culte des premiers saints nationaux comme principal vecteur de l'id?e d'origine charismatique de la dynastie. La synth?se ainsi obtenue vers les ann?es vingt du XVI?me si?cle r?unit les exploits spirituels et les r?sultats des efforts convergents d'une ?lite rattach?e tant ? la cour de Serbie qu'au centre religieux de Chilandar. La co?ncidence d?j? relev?e entre les chartes, la peinture murale et l'apparition d'un nouveau culte s'inscrivant dans un programme politique plus vaste, avec sa c?l?bration en litt?rature, ne saurait ?tre fortuite. L'approche du centenaire du royaume repr?senta, sans doute, un moment crucial pour placer les saints nationaux au centre d'un complexe de programmes sot?riologiques, d?j? effectif au moment o? l'Etat serbe s'est activement tourn? vers l'Orient orthodoxe. L'unit? fondamentale et fonctionnelle du nouveau culte se manifeste par des actes miraculeux s'inscrivant dans un cadre clairement ?tabli, d?fini dans le sens spatial et national, et refl?tant un type de saintet? ?galement pr?sent chez les autres peuples du Moyen Age. La phase de repr?sentation de la dynastie devant le Christ est remplac?e par une signification plus vaste et sot?riologique de la repr?sentation de l'Etat, induite par les pri?res des deux saints. Ceci a entre autre abouti ? la symbolique polys?mique de Chilandar comme ? le nouveau Sion ?. La mention de saint Simeon et saint Sava dans les chartes de Milutin, publi?es durant les derni?res ann?es de sa r?gence, appara?t ?galement dans les documents de l'empereur Dusan (1331-1355). Cette reprise s'inscrit probablement comme un ?l?ment du concept complexe faisant du roi Milutin un exemple de la nouvelle fa?on de r?gner, lequel concept ?tait li? aux plans entrant dans la politique ext?rieure de l'empereur Dusan ? ? savoir une offensive sur les contr?es orientales de l'Empire grec ? pr?sent?e comme une poursuite des conqu?tes du roi Milutin. Etant les saints les plus importants de l'id?ologie monarchique serbe, Simeon et Sava seront c?l?br?s m?me apr?s la chute de l'Empire (1371). Ils sont peints comme un couple de saints, ou plac?s comme deux pendants, c?l?br?s comme ? les deux saints ? dans les chants. Ils sont devenus, ? travers leurs cultes r?unis, le fondement de l'id?ologie de l'Etat et de l'Eglise au cours de l'histoire serbe ult?rieure. .

Roditeljska skrb o odraslom djetetu s invaliditetom predstavlja izuzetne zahtjeve i odgovornost, što se može nepovoljno odraziti na njihovo tjelesno i psihičko funkcioniranje. Pritom je opterećenje njegovatelja veće kod onih roditelja koji skrbe o starijoj u odnosu na mlađu djecu, zbog kumulativnih efekata stresa te rastuće brige roditelja za nesigurnu budućnost njihove djece koja stare. S obzirom na to da cjelovita skrb o odrasloj djeci s invaliditetom predstavlja značajni psihofizički izazov za zdravlje starijih roditelja, te uzevši u obzir rezultate istraživanja koji ukazuju na značenje podrške sredine, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ostvariti inicijalni uvid u problematiku skrbi o odrasloj djeci/osobama s invaliditetom unutar okvira javnog i privatnog sektora u RH i to iz perspektive roditelja njegovatelja. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 72 roditelja (67 žena) prosječne dobi od oko 53 godine, koji u potpunosti skrbe o svom odraslom djetetu s invaliditetom. Podaci su prikupljeni online metodom. Tematska analiza odgovora na temeljno istraživačko pitanje pokazuje kako manji udio roditelja iskazuje opće zadovoljstvo sa skrbi, dok većina roditelja navodi razloge nezadovoljstva sa skrbi koju njihovo dijete ostvaruje kao osoba s invaliditetom. Preliminarnim uvidom u aspekte formalne skrbi prema osobama s invaliditetom, iz perspektive roditelja, ostvaren je znanstveni doprinos u vidu empirijskih smjernica za buduća istraživanja ove tematike, dok zaključci mogu poslužiti pri daljnjem razvoju bioetičkog znanstveno-stručnog diskursa te, shodno tome, i analizama i evaluaciji postojećih socijalnih politika.

Weaning Food feeding is a food given to babies in order to support the growth of babies aged 6-12 months. Weaning Food is given during the transition period from 6 months to 12 months, which is a child-prone period. Because if weaning food feeding in this transitional period is less precise, will be the beginning of malnutrition in children, which can affect the growth and development of health in the future (Sitompul, 2012). During this time many mothers who pay less attention to weaning food feeding in her child. Some were given before 6 months this affects the development of children. Babies were ready to eat solid foods, either growing or psychologically, at 6-9 months of age. The ability of newborns to digest, absorb, and metabolize foodstuffs was adequate, but limited to only a few functions. There were several signs that indicate that the baby was ready to receive weaning food (madya, 2012). To prevent the occurrence of malnutrition, then gsiycf issued the requirement of weaning food, which is punctual, weaning food given from the age of 6 months, nutritious, weaning food must contain enough energy, protein, vitamins and minerals to support growth optimal, safe: preparation and when given, weaning food should be clean, appropriate ways of giving: give weaning food in line with hunger and appetite indicated by the baby. Type of weaning food, number, frequency and mode of administration adjusted for baby age (dias, 2013). Based on toddler weighing at posyandu, found 26,518 balita malnutrition nationally. Cases of malnutrition in question was determined based on the calculation of body weight according to Zscore <-3 standard deviation of children standard (very skinny toddler). Meanwhile, according to Riskesdas 2013, the prevalence of very underweight nutrition in babies by 5.3%. If estimated against the number of under-five target (S) registered in the posyandu reporting (21,436,940), the estimated number of malnourished children under five (1.1 million people) (Ministry of Health RI, 2015). The prevalence of malnutrition was one of the indicators of mdgs and strategic plan (renstra) of east java provincial health office, measured by weight loss by age (bb / u), ie from very low body weight and weight loss. Based on the results of psg 2014, east java had reached the number below the mdgs (15.0%) and renstra (15.0%) of 12.3% (less weight 10.3% and very low weight 2.0%) (dho, east java, 2015). Based on preliminary studies conducted by researchers, the problem of improper weaning food giving also occurred in singkalan village, balongbendo sub-district, sidoarjo regency. Based on primary data obtained from public health service kecamatan, there are ± 52% of babies less than two months have been given food other than breast milk.

Weaning Food feeding is a food given to babies in order to support the growth of babies aged 6-12 months. Weaning Food is given during the transition period from 6 months to 12 months, which is a child-prone period. Because if weaning food feeding in this transitional period is less precise, will be the beginning of malnutrition in children, which can affect the growth and development of health in the future (Sitompul, 2012). During this time many mothers who pay less attention to weaning food feeding in her child. Some were given before 6 months this affects the development of children. Babies were ready to eat solid foods, either growing or psychologically, at 6-9 months of age. The ability of newborns to digest, absorb, and metabolize foodstuffs was adequate, but limited to only a few functions. There were several signs that indicate that the baby was ready to receive weaning food (madya, 2012). To prevent the occurrence of malnutrition, then gsiycf issued the requirement of weaning food, which is punctual, weaning food given from the age of 6 months, nutritious, weaning food must contain enough energy, protein, vitamins and minerals to support growth optimal, safe: preparation and when given, weaning food should be clean, appropriate ways of giving: give weaning food in line with hunger and appetite indicated by the baby. Type of weaning food, number, frequency and mode of administration adjusted for baby age (dias, 2013). Based on toddler weighing at posyandu, found 26,518 balita malnutrition nationally. Cases of malnutrition in question was determined based on the calculation of body weight according to Zscore <-3 standard deviation of children standard (very skinny toddler). Meanwhile, according to Riskesdas 2013, the prevalence of very underweight nutrition in babies by 5.3%. If estimated against the number of under-five target (S) registered in the posyandu reporting (21,436,940), the estimated number of malnourished children under five (1.1 million people) (Ministry of Health RI, 2015). The prevalence of malnutrition was one of the indicators of mdgs and strategic plan (renstra) of east java provincial health office, measured by weight loss by age (bb / u), ie from very low body weight and weight loss. Based on the results of psg 2014, east java had reached the number below the mdgs (15.0%) and renstra (15.0%) of 12.3% (less weight 10.3% and very low weight 2.0%) (dho, east java, 2015). Based on preliminary studies conducted by researchers, the problem of improper weaning food giving also occurred in singkalan village, balongbendo sub-district, sidoarjo regency. Based on primary data obtained from public health service kecamatan, there are ± 52% of babies less than two months have been given food other than breast milk.

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that prolongation in QT interval may be a frequent finding in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between conduction abnormalities and other cardiac complications, such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRJV) elevation, in this population. Moreover, long QT may be a marker of increased mortality in conditions, other than SCD, associated with LVH. We therefore sought to evaluate QT interval and its relationship to echocardiographic findings, laboratory parameters and disease severity in a cohort of children and young adults with SCD. Methods We prospectively evaluated the corrected QT interval (QTc) on standard 12-lead ECG in a cross-sectional, convenience sample of 73 subjects (41 males, mean age 14.2±3 years, range 10 to 24) with Hb SS, SC and S-β0 thalassemia undergoing screening for TRJV elevation. Subjects on chronic transfusions were excluded and all studies were performed at baseline on the same day. A review of available medical records was also performed. Results In our cohort, QTc (mean 436±24 ms, range 387 to 531) was prolonged &gt; 440 ms in 30/73 (41%) of subjects at steady state. We also found TRJV elevation ≥ 2.5 m/s in 24/73 (33%) and LVH by ECG or echocardiographic criteria in 32/73 (44%) subjects. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, we observed significant correlations between QTc and TRJV (r=0.38, p=0.002), WBC (r=0.37, p=0.001) and several markers of hemolysis, including LDH (r=0.46, p=0001), Hb (r=-0.32, p=0.005), retic (r=0.29, p=0.013), plasma Hb (r=0.27, p=0.03) and AST (r=0.38, p=0.001). Using Student’s t-test for independent samples, only TRJV (2.55±0.33 vs. 2.34±0.26 m/s, p=0.006), LDH (450±166 vs. 329±143 U/L, p=0.001), WBC (10.6±4.7 vs. 8.6±3.3×109/L, p=0.048), retic (14.4±9.2 vs. 10.6±6.1%, p=0.039) and AST (50±22 vs. 38±15 U/L, p=0.009) were significantly higher and Hb (9.1±1.3 vs. 9.9±1.7 g/dL, p=0.04) lower in subjects with QTc &gt; 440 ms compared to those with QTc ≤ 440 ms. We found no significant relationship between QTc and age, LV mass, platelet count or fetal Hb. By χ2 analysis, a larger proportion of subjects with QTc &gt; 440 ms also had a history of acute chest syndrome (p=0.007), gallstones (p=0.047), exchange transfusion (p=0.04) and to a less significant degree, TRJV elevation (p=0.112). Prolonged QTc was not affected by sex, hydroxyurea use or a history of LVH, frequent pain, asthma, splenectomy, priapism and tonsilloadenoidectomy. Given sample size limitations and data reduction methods, we found by logistic regression analysis that the combination of TRJV and history of acute chest syndrome best predicted QTc prolongation, correctly identifying 80% of cases and resulting in positive and negative predictive values of 76% and 81%, respectively. Conclusions We conclude that QTc prolongation is common in a prospectively screened cohort of young sickle cell patients at baseline and is associated with evidence of hemolysis and to a lesser degree, TRJV elevation. Our results contrast with findings in other conditions that link QTc prolongation primarily to LVH. Future studies will be critical to further define QTc variability, pathophysiologic determinants as well as the clinical consequences of conduction abnormalities, which may or may not relate to TRJV elevation, in the sickle cell population.

Članak istražuje istorijat i sećanje na poslednji ustaški zločin u Sisku – masakr počinjen na obali Save 4. maja 1945. godine, uoči povlačenja ustaša iz grada. Iako su žrtve masakra, u lokalnom kontekstu poznatije kao “savske žrtve”, postale vidljivi objekat javnog sećanja u Sisku nakon rata, do sada nije objavljen nijedan istraživački rad o samom događaju, a memorijalizacija je bila praćena i upečatljivim nedostatkom zainteresovanosti za identitete žrtava, kao i za činjenice o tome kako su nastradale. Ovaj članak predstavlja pokušaj da se, prvi put, odgovori na ključna pitanja o tome ko su bile žrtve, koliko ih je bilo i zbog čega su stradale, time se opirući dugotrajnoj tradiciji izbegavanja odgovara na ta pitanja ili negiranja tih događaja. Istraživanje masakra u Sisku je važno i zbog toga što su još od sedamdesetih godina 20. veka prisutne spekulacije da tela pronađena na obali Save ne pripadaju žrtvama ustaškog masakra, već žrtvama partizanskih osvetničkih ubistava počinjenih nakon oslobođenja Siska. Ta revizionistička interpretacija je dobila na snazi u Hrvatskoj od devedesetih godina prošlog veka, pa su čak i neki hrvatski “mejnstrim” istoričari sugerisali da, usled nedostataka istorijskih dokaza o samom zločinu, tvrdnje revizionista ne smeju biti momentalno odbačene. Rad kritički preispituje tu tvrdnju, ukazujući na činjenice u vezi s tim događajem, u želji da pruži preko potrebna objašnjenja. Takođe, mapiranjem događaja u Sisku tokom poslednjih nedelja rata, ovaj članak nastoji da pokaže kako masakr na obali Save u Sisku nije bio izolovan slučaj. Postojali su i drugi zločini počinjeni u Sisku i okolini u poslednjim nedeljama rata, koji su u velikoj meri deo priče o savskim žrtvama, ali koji su do sada bili potpuno nepoznati. Među njima je i jedan od poslednjih masakra Srba koje su počinile ustaše, kao i verovatno i poslednji akt Holokausta u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj. Ovaj članak nastoji da osvetli te ranije nepoznate događaje i da otkrije identitet stradalih žrtava.

Children's stunting is a problem because it is associated with an increased risk of pain and death, suboptimal brain development resulting in late motor development, and inhibition of mental growth. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the occurrence of stunting and risk in children in Indonesia. The research method used is a traditional review. The results of the review found that many factors cause the high incidence of stunting in toddlers, including energy intake, birth weight, maternal knowledge level, family economic status, parental parenting, and food security. WHO estimates the prevalence of stunting worldwide at 22 percent or as many as 149.2 million in 2020. According to the Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (SSGI) results of the Ministry of Health, the prevalence of stunting in children under five in Indonesia reached 24.4% in 2021. The prevalence of stunting of toddlers in Indonesia continues to show a decline. In 2018 the prevalence of stunting toddlers was still 30.8%. Then, it dropped to 27.7 in 2019 and continued to fall to 24.4% in SSGI 2024. The government even targets to drop to 14% by the end of 2024. Furthermore, WHO also recommends reducing stunting by 3.9% per year to meet the target of 40% stunting reduction by 2025. Keywords: Indonesian children; stunting data; causes of stunting; the prevalence of stunting References: Aguayo, V. M., & Menon, P. (2016). Stop stunting: Improving child feeding, women’s nutrition and household sanitation in South Asia. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 12, 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12283 Chaparro, C. (2017). FANTA-Guatemala-ENSMI-Report_March 2012. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. da Silva, I. C. M., França, G. V., Barros, A. J. D., Amouzou, A., Krasevec, J., & Victora, C. G. (2018). 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Inequalities in stunting among under-five children in tanzania: Decomposing the concentration indexes using demographic health surveys from 2004/5 to 2015/6. International Journal for Equity in Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1186/s12939-021-01389-3 Nugroho, M. R., Sasongko, R. N., & Kristiawan, M. (2021). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia Dini di Indonesia. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.1169 Oswari H, Djer MM, Dewi R, Harijadi. (2016) . Kiat membuat anak sehat, tinggi, dan cerdas. Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia Cabang DKI Jakarta: Jakarta Ohyver, M., Moniaga, J. V., Yunidwi, K. R., & Setiawan, M. I. (2017). Logistic Regression and Growth Charts to Determine Children Nutritional and Stunting Status: A Review. Procedia Computer Science, 116, 232–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.10.045 Paudel, R. (2012). Risk Factors for Stunting Among Children: A Community Based Case Control Study in Nepal. In Kathmandu Univ Med J (Vol. 39, Issue 3). Rahayu, A., Yulidasari, F., Putri, A. O., & Rahman, F. (2015). Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia Bawah Dua Tahun. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal, 10(2), 67. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v10i2.882 Rahmadhita, K. (2020). Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada Permasalahan Stunting dan Pencegahannya Pendahuluan. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 11(1), 225–229. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.253 Ramadhan, R., & Ramadhan, N. (2018). Determinasi Penyebab Stunting Di Provinsi Aceh Determination of Stunting Causes in Aceh Province. SEL Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan, 5(2), 71–79. Riyadi, H., Martianto, D., Hastuti, D., Damayanthi, E., & Murtilaksono, K. (2011). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Status Gizi Anak Balita Di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. 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Abstract Introduction Red Blood Cells (RBCs) undergo physical and metabolic changes during storage. The clinical impact of the storage duration of transfused blood remains unclear. There is no published literature investigating the storage duration of transfused RBCs as it pertains to outcomes in patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), yet surveys of RBC transfusion practices indicate that 50-60% of pediatric centers preferentially transfuse RBCs of shorter storage duration to patients with SCD. SCD patients with Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) often require RBC transfusions to improve oxygenation and prevent or treat respiratory failure. The objective of our study is to determine if there is an association between the storage age of transfused RBCs and clinical outcomes for SCD patients with ACS. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients aged </= 22 years old with hemoglobin SS, hemoglobin SC, hemoglobin S-β0 thalassemia, hemoglobin S-β+ thalassemia or hereditary persistent fetal hemoglobin, diagnosed with ACS that were treated with at least one RBC transfusion between January 2007 and May 2012. We excluded episodes of ACS treated with exchange transfusion, and patients with a history of stem cell transplant or receiving chronic RBC transfusion therapy at the time of the ACS episode. ACS was defined as an infiltrate on chest x-ray consistent with a consolidation (not atelectasis) in addition to at least one of the following symptoms: cough, fever >/= 38.5 degrees Celsius, age-defined tachypnea, wheezing or chest pain. The primary outcome measure was length of hospital stay (LOS) after transfusion. Secondary outcomes included duration of supplemental oxygen and IV opioid utilization after transfusion. All analyses utilized the storage age of the oldest unit transfused per ACS episode if multiple units were given. Storage age of RBC units was dichotomized as less than or greater than 14 days, and less than or greater than 21 days (van de Watering, 2011). Outcomes were tested versus each resulting categorical variable. Multiple episodes of ACS in the same patient were analyzed as separate events. Non-parametric data is presented as median (interquartile range (IQR)). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare median values between groups tested. Future examination of the data will include generalized linear modeling with multivariate analysis. SPSS version 20 (Armonk, NY) was used for all statistical analyses. Results One hundred and forty-six episodes of ACS in 85 patients (46 male, 39 female, 77 HbSS, 1 HbSC, 4 Hb Sβ0, 1 Hb Sβ+, 2 HPFH) were included. Median (IQR) age of the patients was 8.9 (5.5-13.5) years. Median (IQR) storage age of the oldest unit of transfused RBCs was 18.5 (12.0-27.0) days. Median (IQR) volume transfused standardized by weight was 12.7 (10.6-16.9) mL/kg, with 29/146 (19.9%) receiving more than one RBC transfusion. In all 146 episodes of ACS, median (IQR) LOS after transfusion was 3.0 (2.0-5.0) days. Supplemental oxygen was required prior to transfusion in 109/146 (74.7%) of ACS episodes and for a median of 2.0 (1.0-3.0) days after transfusion. IV opioids were administered prior to transfusion in 93/146 (63.7%) of ACS episodes and for a median of 3.0 (2.0-6.0) days after transfusion. Table 1 describes outcomes compared with RBC age thresholds of 14 and 21 days. Conclusions We did not identify an association between storage duration of transfused RBCs and clinical outcomes in pediatric and young adult SCD patients with ACS in this hypothesis generating, retrospective cohort study. These preliminary data do not support the commonly practiced, preferential transfusion of RBCs of lesser storage duration in this population. Prospective, randomized, controlled trials are needed to determine if the common practice of transfusing RBCs of decreased storage age is beneficial in children and young adults with SCD. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

In the paper is designed questionnaire to evaluate the situation and the need for gifted and talented students. The sample consisted of the condition and needs of gifted students in Croatian primary schools among 378 primary school teachers and subject teachers of all profiles. Factor analysis of the questionnaire obtained three factors: 1) Special programs, methods and forms of work with gifted children, 2) Direct social care for gifted children, 3) Identification of gifted children. They then tested the results on those three factors with respect to the different categories of teachers with regard to: a) three different regions of the Republic of Croatia, b) different profiles, c) the different years of service, and d) a different education of gifted children. The survey results show that teachers in primary schools by region of Croatia significantly more use of special programs, methods and forms of work in southern and central Croatian regions in relation to the north. In the central and northern regions compared to Croatian southern region teachers significantly more direct care for gifted children at different levels of society. The results of the factor of identification of gifted students are the lowest among teachers, which is not surprising because it is primarily business of school social services, they were significantly higher in southern and central Croatian regions in relation to the north. All profiles of teachers with gifted students statistically most do special programs, methods and forms of work, then care of gifted children. At least participate in the identification of gifted students. All categories of teachers with respect to years of service, as well as with regard to the education of gifted statistically most implemented specific programs, methods and forms of work with gifted children, then care of gifted at all levels of society, and at least participate in their identification. Concern about gifted students in the Republic of Croatia is still not satisfactory, and the paper provides some guidelines for improving the system.

Cilj: Cilj je ovoga istraživanja ispitati mišljenja i očekivanja roditelja i stručnih osoba koje sudjeluju u rehabilitaciji djece o primjeni terapijskog psa u rehabilitaciji djece s teškoćama u razvoju, o utjecaju na motiviranost, psihički, socijalni i motorički razvojni aspekt. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 133 ispitanika podijeljena u dvije skupine: skupina roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju (n = 53) i skupina stručnjaka koji sudjeluju u procesu rehabilitacije djece s teškoćama u razvoju (n = 80). Anketni upitnici izrađeni su u elektroničkom obliku, na internetskoj online platformi i sadržavali su tvrdnje na koje su ispitanici odgovarali pomoću Likertove ljestvice (1 – u potpunosti se ne slažem; 5 – u potpunosti se slažem). Rezultati: Roditelji (x = 4,64 ± sd = 0,71), kao i stručnjaci (x = 4,75 ± sd = 0,70), slažu se da terapijski pas može pomoći motivirati dijete u rehabilitaciji. Ispitanici smatraju da bi terapijski pas mogao pomoći i utjecati u više razvojnih aspekata kod djece s teškoćama u razvoju: na psihički razvoj djeteta (roditelji x = 4,7 ± sd = 0,57; stručnjaci x = 4,7 ± sd = 0,72), na razvoj socijalnih vještina (roditelji x = 4,58 ± sd = 0,63; stručnjaci x = 4,67 ± sd = 0,74) te na razvoj motoričkih vještina (roditelji x = 4,45 ± sd = 0,82; stručnjaci x = 4,7 ± sd = 0,7). Roditelji djece s teškoćama u razvoju (x = 4,89 ± sd = 0,37), kao i stručnjaci (x = 4,79 ± sd = 0,61), smatraju da je poželjno razvijati i širiti terapijski pristup sa psom. Zaključak: Iz svega se može zaključiti kako u Republici Hrvatskoj roditelji djece s teškoćama u razvoju, jednako kao i stručnjaci, imaju pozitivno mišljenje i optimistično orijentirana očekivanja prema uvođenju terapijskog psa u rehabilitaciju.

Cilj ovog rada bila je analiza samoprocijenjenih kompetencija odgojitelja za rad s djecom koja pokazuju emocionalne teškoće i probleme u ponašanju. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 82 odgojitelja predškolske djece. Podaci o samoprocjenjenoj kompetentnosti i samoefikasnosti odgojitelja u radu s djecom koja pokazuju emocionalne teškoće i probleme u ponašanju prikupljeni su putem upitnika koji je uključivao modificirane verzije upitnika Teacher´s Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran i Woolfolk Hoy, 2001) i Teacher Efficacy Scale (Gibson i Dembo, 1984). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da odgojitelji svoju samoefikasnost u radu s djecom koja imaju emocionalne teškoće i probleme u ponašanju procjenjuju osrednjom te da su viša razina obrazovanja i kraće radno iskustvo povezani s višom samoprocjenom kompetentnosti.Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju također da su iskustva u radu s ovom djecom pozitivno povezana s većim osjećajem kompetentnosti u odgojitelja. Nadalje, odgojitelji koji bolje procjenjuju svoje kompetencije za rad s djecom koja pokazuju emocionalne teškoće i probleme u ponašanju, također bolje procjenjuju i svoju samoefikasnost glede učenja i poučavanja ove djece. Utvrđeno je također da odgojitelji malo znanja stječu tijekom svog inicijalnog obrazovanja, a više kroz samostalan rad i dodatne edukacije. Odgojitelji koji svoje znanje stečeno kroz samostalan rad procjenjuju boljim, osjećaju se i kompetentnijima za rad s djecom koja pokazuju emocionalne teškoće i probleme u ponašanju.

Curriculum material is generally considered the subject matter of information, talents, dispositions, understandings, and principles that make up research programs in the field. At a more complex level, the curricula need to contain historical and socio-political strengths, traditions, cultural views, and goals with wide differences in sovereignty, adaptation, and local understanding that encompass a diversity of cultures, laws, metaphysics, and political discourse This study aims to develop a curriculum with local content as a new approach in early childhood science learning. The Local Content Curriculum (LCC) is compiled and developed to preserve the uniqueness of local culture, natural environment, and community crafts for early childhood teachers so that they can introduce local content to early childhood. Research and model development combines the design of the Dick-Carey and Dabbagh models with qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that local content curriculum products can be supplemented into early childhood curricula in institutions according to local conditions. Curricula with local content can be used as a reinforcement for the introduction of science in early childhood. The research implication demands the concern of all stakeholders to see that the introduction of local content is very important to be given from an early age, so that children know, get used to, like, maintain, and love local wealth from an early age. Keywords: Early Childhood, Scientific Learning, Local Content Curriculum Model References: Agustin, R. S., & Puro, S. (2015). Strategy Of Curriculum Development Based On Project Based Learning (Case Study: SMAN 1 Tanta Tanjung Tabalong South Of Kalimantan ) Halaman : Prosiding Ictte Fkip Uns, 1, 202–206. Agustina, N. Q., & Mukhtaruddin, F. (2019). The Cipp Model-Based Evaluation on Integrated English Learning (IEL) Program at Language Center. 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Zbog sve većih potreba za zelenom energijom, i kod nas je poslednjih nekoliko godina došlo do ekspanzije korišćenja subgeotermalne energije. U radu su prikazana iskustva sa dve različite lokacije sa geološkog aspekta. Novi Beograd (Blok 65) u okviru aluvijalnih naslaga Save, korišćenjem podzemnih voda (sistem voda–voda), kada je obezbeđeno 2 MW energije. Sistem se zasniva na eksploataciji 40 L/s podzemnih voda sa 4 eksploataciona i 8 upojnih bunara, sa posebnim osvrtom na rešenje filtracije ovih voda. U starom jezgru grada (hotel Hilton, ugao Kralja Milana i Kralja Milutina) u okviru starijih geoloških naslaga, korišćenjem energije zemlje (sistem zemlja–voda) obezbeđen je 1 MW energije. Rešenje je dato tako, s obzirom da je plac samo 48 ari, da se izvede 70 bušotina dubine po 120 m u koje su ugrađene najnaprednije nemačke sonde „geoKOAKS“. Cilj rada je da ukaže na značaj i mogućnosti eksploatacije ovog vida energije, nedovoljno korišćene bar kada smo mi u pitanju. Data rešenja predstavljaju uputstvo kako se na najefikasniji način može koristiti toplotna energija zemlje, ne narušavajući životnu sredinu.

Cilj rada je dobiti uvid u prisutne stresore kod udomiteljica za djecu te teškoće koje udomiteljice doživljavaju pri obavljanju udomiteljstva. U radu se prikazuje dio rezultata kvalitativnog predistraživanja provedenog u sklopu istraživanja pod nazivom ”Odrednice profesionalnog stresa, sagorijevanja i mentalnog zdravlja udomiteljica za djecu” u kojem je sudjelovalo 16 udomiteljica za djecu s područja Osječko-baranjske županije, a koje je provedeno u svibnju 2022. godine. Ovo je prvo istraživanje u Hrvatskoj u kojemu su udomiteljice izravno upitane o izvorima stresa - stresorima, a rezultati su pokazali podudaranje s ranijim istraživanjima koji posredno dotiču teme stresora kod udomitelja u Hrvatskoj i svijetu, osobito u odnosu na stresore povezane s obilježjima udomljenog djeteta (kada udomljeno dijete pokazuje internalizirane i eksternalizirane probleme u ponašanju). U objašnjenju i samom prikazu rezultata slijeđen je teorijski okvir transakcijskog modela stresa i podjela profesionalnih izvora stresa na obilježja koja su povezana s osobama i prirodom izvanjskih događaja. Prisutni izvori stresa kod udomiteljica za djecu su povezani s obilježjima osoba (udomiteljica i udomljenog djeteta), kao i s prirodom izvanjskih događaja (koji se dijele na izvore stresa povezane uz organizaciju rada, radne uvjete i socijalne odnose).

Poremećaj iz spektra autizma (PSA) opisuje složeni neurorazvojni poremećaj, koji nerijetko rezultira poremećajima u obavljanju motoričkih ili tjelesnih aktivnosti. Cilj istraživanja je ispitati postoji li razlika između skupina djece sa PSA s blažom i izraženijom simptomatologijom u učestalosti, kvaliteti i intenzitetu sudjelovanja u tjelesnim aktivnostima, te utvrditi razlike među skupinama ispitanika ovisno o sociodemografskim čimbenicima, kao i identificirati moguće sociodemografske čimbenike koji čine razliku u učestalosti sudjelovanja djece sa PSA u tjelesnim aktivnostima. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 233 roditelja djece sa PSA, koji su kroz upitnike procjenjivali izraženost simptoma iz poremećaja spektra autizma i tjelesnu aktivnosti svoje djece. Otkriveno je da se grupe djece sa PSA s različitim razinama izraženosti simptomatologije iz spektra autizma razlikuju u učestalosti, kvaliteti i intenzitetu sudjelovanja u tjelesnim aktivnostima (TA). Prema sociodemografskim čimbenicima istaknula se struktura kućanstva, odnosno broj braće i sestara djece sa PSA kao čimbenik koji čini razliku među skupinama djece sa PSA prema razini TA. Također, identificirana su mjesečna primanja u kućanstvu kao varijabla koja čini razliku u razini TA, gdje je vidljivo da djeca iz obitelji s nižim mjesečnim primanjima pokazuju nižu kvalitetu, intenzitet i učestalost sudjelovanja u TA, u odnosu na djecu iz obitelji s višim mjesečnim dohotkom.