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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Sea spray generation"

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Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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1

Smith, M. H., and N. M. Harrison. "The sea spray generation function." Journal of Aerosol Science 29 (September 1998): S189—S190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(98)00280-8.

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2

Andreas, Edgar L. "Sea Spray Generation at a Rocky Shoreline." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 9 (2016): 2037–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0211.1.

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AbstractWith sea ice in the Arctic continuing to shrink, the Arctic Ocean and the surrounding marginal seas will become more like the ocean at lower latitudes. In particular, with more open water, air–sea exchange will be more intense and storms will be stronger and more frequent. The longer fetches over open water and the more energetic storms will combine to produce higher waves and more sea spray. Offshore structures—such as oil drilling, exploration, and production platforms—will face increased hazards from freezing sea spray. On the basis of sea spray observations made with a cloud-imagin

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3

Ortiz-Suslow, David G., Brian K. Haus, Sanchit Mehta, and Nathan J. M. Laxague. "Sea Spray Generation in Very High Winds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 10 (2016): 3975–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0249.1.

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Abstract Quantifying the amount and rate of sea spray production at the ocean surface is critical to understanding the effect spray has on atmospheric boundary layer processes (e.g., tropical cyclones). Currently, only limited observational data exist that can be used to validate available droplet production models. To help fill this gap, a laboratory experiment was conducted that directly observed the vertical distribution of spume droplets above actively breaking waves. The experiments were carried out in hurricane-force conditions (10-m equivalent wind speed of 36–54 m s−1), and the observe

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4

Mueller, James A., and Fabrice Veron. "A Sea State–Dependent Spume Generation Function." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 9 (2009): 2363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4113.1.

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Abstract The uncertainty of the sea spray generation function continues to obscure spray-mediated momentum and scalar fluxes, especially for intense wind conditions. Most previous studies assume a constant form (spectral shape) for the droplet distribution, even though a shift to smaller drops with increased wind forcing is expected. In this paper, a new generation function for spume drops is derived, but unlike previous studies, both its form and magnitude change with wind forcing. Fairly good agreement is found between this spume generation function and the limited data available. A potentia

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5

Mueller, James A., and Fabrice Veron. "Impact of Sea Spray on Air–Sea Fluxes. Part II: Feedback Effects." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 11 (2014): 2835–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0246.1.

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Abstract This paper presents estimations for the transfer of momentum, heat, and water mass between the air and the sea. The results from Lagrangian stochastic simulations of sea spray drops (see Part I), along with two sea spray generation functions, are used to calculate the spray-mediated flux components of the air–sea fluxes. When the spray-mediated fluxes constitute a significant fraction of the total fluxes under certain conditions, their feedback effect on the atmosphere cannot be neglected. The authors derive a simplified feedback model to investigate such cases, finding that the spray

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6

Garg, Nikhil, Eddie Yin Kwee Ng, and Srikanth Narasimalu. "The effects of sea spray and atmosphere–wave coupling on air–sea exchange during a tropical cyclone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 8 (2018): 6001–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6001-2018.

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Abstract. The study investigates the role of the air–sea interface using numerical simulations of Hurricane Arthur (2014) in the Atlantic. More specifically, the present study aims to discern the role ocean surface waves and sea spray play in modulating the intensity and structure of a tropical cyclone (TC). To investigate the effects of ocean surface waves and sea spray, numerical simulations were carried out using a coupled atmosphere–wave model, whereby a sea spray microphysical model was incorporated within the coupled model. Furthermore, this study also explores how sea spray generation c

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7

Wan, Zhanhong, Luping Li, Zhigen Wu, Jiawang Chen, and Xiuyang Lü. "The impact of ocean waves on spray stress and surface drag coefficient." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 29, no. 2 (2019): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-05-2018-0237.

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Purpose The behaviors of sea surface drag coefficient should be well understood for an accurate hurricane prediction. The speed of wind has been applied to characterize the spray production; however, this could result in inaccurate spray productions compared to the experimental or field data if the influence of wave state is not considered. This paper aims to integrate a new sea spray generation function, described by windsea Reynolds number, into the spray momentum flux formula to calculate the spray momentum. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of this spray momentum, this study propose

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8

Bao, J. W., C. W. Fairall, S. A. Michelson, and L. Bianco. "Parameterizations of Sea-Spray Impact on the Air–Sea Momentum and Heat Fluxes." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 12 (2011): 3781–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00007.1.

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Abstract This paper focuses on parameterizing the effect of sea spray at hurricane-strength winds on the momentum and heat fluxes in weather prediction models using the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (a common framework for the parameterizations of air–sea fluxes). In this scheme, the mass-density effect of sea spray is considered as an additional modification to the stratification of the near-surface profiles of wind, temperature, and moisture in the marine surface boundary layer (MSBL). The overall impact of sea-spray droplets on the mean profiles of wind, temperature, and moisture depends

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9

Piazzola, J., P. Forget, and S. Despiau. "A sea spray generation function for fetch-limited conditions." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 1 (2002): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-121-2002.

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Abstract. This paper presents a sea spray generation function for aerosols produced by bubbles bursting that accounts for the effects of fetch. This is achieved by introducing a fetch-dependent model for the whitecap fraction, which is valid for fetch-limited conditions, i.e. steady-state conditions of the wave field in the whitecap droplet flux derived by Monahan et al. (1986). The aerosol generation fluxes calculated by this method show an enhancement of the aerosol production with increasing fetch. However, the predicted generation fluxes are lower than those calculated by using the classic

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10

Zhang, Ting. "The Impact of Surface Waves and Spray Injection Velocities on Air–Sea Momentum and Heat Fluxes." Atmosphere 14, no. 10 (2023): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14101500.

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Surface waves and sea spray play a significant role in air–sea fluxes in high winds. The present study used a marine atmosphere surface layer (MASL), which couples the traditional Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, sea spray generation function, the balance of turbulent kinetic budget, and momentum/enthalpy conservation equations. Based on this model, the effects of wave states and spray injection velocities on air–sea momentum/enthalpy fluxes and near-surface wind/temperature profiles were theoretically investigated. Based on the assumption that the velocity of injected spray is the same as tha

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11

Shi, Jian, Zhihao Feng, Yuan Sun, Xueyan Zhang, Wenjing Zhang, and Yi Yu. "Relationship between Sea Surface Drag Coefficient and Wave State." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (2021): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111248.

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The sea surface drag coefficient plays an important role in momentum transmission between the atmosphere and the ocean, which is affected by ocean waves. The total air–sea momentum flux consists of effective momentum flux and sea spray momentum flux. Sea spray momentum flux involves sea surface drag, which is largely affected by the ocean wave state. Under strong winds, the sea surface drag coefficient (CD) does not increase linearly with the increasing wind speed, namely, the increase of CD is inhibited by strong winds. In this study, a sea surface drag coefficient is constructed that can be

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12

Liu, Shang, Cheng-Cheng Liu, Karl D. Froyd, et al. "Sea spray aerosol concentration modulated by sea surface temperature." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 9 (2021): e2020583118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020583118.

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Natural aerosols in pristine regions form the baseline used to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic aerosols on climate. Sea spray aerosol (SSA) is a major component of natural aerosols. Despite its importance, the abundance of SSA is poorly constrained. It is generally accepted that wind-driven wave breaking is the principle governing SSA production. This mechanism alone, however, is insufficient to explain the variability of SSA concentration at given wind speed. The role of other parameters, such as sea surface temperature (SST), remains controversial. Here, we show that higher SST promotes

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13

Shi, Jian, Wenjing Zhang, Xueyan Zhang, Jingdong Liu, and Zhenyu Liu. "Parameterization of the sea spray generation function with whitecap coverage." Acta Oceanologica Sinica 39, no. 8 (2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13131-020-1618-9.

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14

Chen, Jiajing, Xu Bai, Jialu Wang, Guanyu Chen, and Tao Zhang. "Research on Sea Spray Distribution of Marine Vessels Based on SPH-FEM Coupling Numerical Simulation Method." Water 14, no. 23 (2022): 3834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233834.

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Due to the effect of the maritime environment and low temperature factor, ice phenomena are easily produced while a ship is sailing in a polar location. Types of ice accumulation include sea spray icing, which accounts for 90% of all ice accumulation, and, therefore, sea spray generation is a crucial step in ice accumulation prediction research. In order to investigate the phenomenon of ice formation on ships, this paper uses the SPH-FEM (Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics-Finite Element) coupling approach in this paper, and tracks the data pertaining to the wave current particles by simulating the

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15

Liu, Bin, ChangLong Guan, LiAn Xie, and DongLiang Zhao. "Derivation of a wave-state-dependent sea spray generation function and its application in estimating sea spray heat flux." Science China Earth Sciences 58, no. 10 (2015): 1862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-015-5169-4.

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16

Yamashiro, Masaru, Akinori Yoshida, and Yasuhiro Nishii. "PRACTICAL MEASURES AGAINST SEA SALT PARTICLES FROM AN EXISTING VERTICAL WALL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.31.

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At Waku fishing port, facing to Japan Sea, in Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan, a vertical type breakwater was constructed in front of the mouth of the port to protect the inside against incoming waves about 10 years ago. Residents in the area have been troubled with heavy seawater spray and much smaller sea salt particles caused at the breakwater by sever waves and strong winds ever since. To reduce the generation of and the damage from the seawater spray and the sea salt particles, three different types of measures were proposed: (a) covering the breakwater with wave dissipating blocks, (b) const

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17

Lenain, Luc, and W. Kendall Melville. "Evidence of Sea-State Dependence of Aerosol Concentration in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 1 (2017): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0058.1.

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AbstractSea spray aerosols represent a large fraction of the aerosols present in the maritime environment. Despite evidence of the importance of surface wave– and wave breaking–related processes in coupling the ocean with the atmosphere, sea spray source generation functions are traditionally parameterized by the 10-m wind speed U10 alone. It is clear that unless the wind and wave field are fully developed, the source function will be a function of both wind and wave parameters. This study reports primarily on the aerosol component of an air–sea interaction experiment, the phased-resolved High

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18

Deike, Luc. "Mass Transfer at the Ocean–Atmosphere Interface: The Role of Wave Breaking, Droplets, and Bubbles." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 54, no. 1 (2022): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-030121-014132.

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Breaking waves modulate the transfer of energy, momentum, and mass between the ocean and atmosphere, controlling processes critical to the climate system, from gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen to the generation of sea spray aerosols that can be transported in the atmosphere and serve as cloud condensation nuclei. The smallest components, i.e., drops and bubbles generated by breaking waves, play an outsize role. This fascinating problem is characterized by a wide range of length scales, from wind forcing the wave field at scales of [Formula: see text](1 km–0.1 m) to the dynamics of wav

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19

Gall, Jeffrey S., William M. Frank, and Young Kwon. "Effects of Sea Spray on Tropical Cyclones Simulated under Idealized Conditions." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 5 (2008): 1686–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2183.1.

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Abstract Under high-wind conditions, breaking waves and whitecaps eject large numbers of sea spray droplets into the atmosphere. The spray droplets originate with the same temperature and salinity as the ocean surface and thus increase the effective surface area of the ocean in contact with the atmosphere. As a result, the spray alters the total sensible and latent heat fluxes in the near-surface layer. The spray drops in the near-surface layer also result in horizontal and vertical spray-drag effects. The mass of the spray introduces an additional drag in the vertical momentum equation and te

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20

Jeong, Dahai, Brian K. Haus, and Mark A. Donelan. "Enthalpy Transfer across the Air–Water Interface in High Winds Including Spray." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 9 (2012): 2733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0260.1.

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Abstract Controlled experiments were conducted in the Air–Sea Interaction Saltwater Tank (ASIST) at the University of Miami to investigate air–sea moist enthalpy transfer rates under various wind speeds (range of 0.6–39 m s−1 scaled to equivalent 10-m neutral winds) and water–air temperature differences (range of 1.3°–9.2°C). An indirect calorimetric (heat content budget) measurement technique yielded accurate determinations of moist enthalpy flux over the full range of wind speeds. These winds included conditions with significant spray generation, the concentrations of which were of the same

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21

Rizza, Umberto, Elisa Canepa, Antonio Ricchi, et al. "Influence of Wave State and Sea Spray on the Roughness Length: Feedback on Medicanes." Atmosphere 9, no. 8 (2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9080301.

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Occasionally, storms that share many features with tropical cyclones, including the presence of a quasi-circular “eye” a warm core and strong winds, are observed in the Mediterranean. Generally, they are known as Medicanes, or tropical-like cyclones (TLC). Due to the intense wind forcings and the consequent development of high wind waves, a large number of sea spray droplets—both from bubble bursting and spume tearing processes—are likely to be produced at the sea surface. In order to take into account this process, we implemented an additional Sea Spray Source Function (SSSF) in WRF-Chem, mod

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22

Bruch, William, Jacques Piazzola, Hubert Branger, et al. "Sea-Spray-Generation Dependence on Wind and Wave Combinations: A Laboratory Study." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 180, no. 3 (2021): 477–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00636-y.

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23

Ebben, Carlena J., Andrew P. Ault, Matthew J. Ruppel, et al. "Size-Resolved Sea Spray Aerosol Particles Studied by Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 117, no. 30 (2013): 6589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp401957k.

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24

Chen, Qianjie, Jessica A. Mirrielees, Sham Thanekar, et al. "Atmospheric particle abundance and sea salt aerosol observations in the springtime Arctic: a focus on blowing snow and leads." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 23 (2022): 15263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022.

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Abstract. Sea salt aerosols play an important role in the radiation budget and atmospheric composition over the Arctic, where the climate is rapidly changing. Previous observational studies have shown that Arctic sea ice leads are an important source of sea salt aerosols, and modeling efforts have also proposed blowing snow sublimation as a source. In this study, size-resolved atmospheric particle number concentrations and chemical composition were measured at the Arctic coastal tundra site of Utqiaġvik, Alaska, during spring (3 April–7 May 2016). Blowing snow conditions were observed during 2

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25

TAKEDA, Masahide, Kyohei KAWASE, Takaaki SHIGEMATSU, Muneo TSUDA, Takashi HABUCHI, and Takahiko AMINO. "Possibility of Sea Spray Generation Process Model When Wave Collides with Vertical Wall." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 70, no. 2 (2014): I_946—I_950. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.70.i_946.

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26

MacMahan, Jamie, Ed Thornton, Jessica Koscinski, and Qing Wang. "Field Observations and Modeling of Surfzone Sensible Heat Flux." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, no. 6 (2018): 1371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0228.1.

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AbstractSurfzone sensible heat flux (HS,SZ) obtained through direct eddy-covariance estimates was measured at four different sandy beach sites along Monterey Bay, California. The HS,SZ source region is estimated from a footprint probability distribution function (pdf) model and is only considered when at least 70% of the footprint pdf occupies the surfzone. The measured HS,SZ is 2 times the modeled interfacial sensible heat (HS,int) using COARE3.5. A formulation for estimating sensible heat flux from spray droplets (HS,spray) generated during depth-limited wave breaking is developed. The sea-s

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27

Shpund, J., M. Pinsky, and A. Khain. "Microphysical Structure of the Marine Boundary Layer under Strong Wind and Spray Formation as Seen from Simulations Using a 2D Explicit Microphysical Model. Part I: The Impact of Large Eddies." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 10 (2011): 2366–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jas3652.1.

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Abstract The effects of large eddies (LE) on the marine boundary layer (MBL) microphysics and thermodynamics is investigated using a 2D Lagrangian model with spectral bin microphysics including effects of sea spray. The 600 m × 400 m MBL computational area is covered by 3750 adjacent interacting Lagrangian parcels moving in a turbulent-like flow. A turbulent-like velocity field is designed as a sum of a high number of harmonics with random time-dependent amplitudes and different wavelengths including large eddies with scales of several hundred meters. The model explicitly calculates diffusion

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28

Zotova, A. N., Yu I. Troitskaya, D. A. Sergeev, and A. A. Kandaurov. "Direct numerical simulation of bag-breakup - mechanism of sea spray generation in strong winds." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1163 (February 2019): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1163/1/012028.

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29

Yurovsky, Yury Yu, Vladimir N. Kudryavtsev, Semyon A. Grodsky, and Bertrand Chapron. "Ka-Band Doppler Scatterometry: A Strong Wind Case Study." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (2022): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061348.

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Global joint measurements of sea surface winds and currents are planned using satellite-based Doppler scatterometers operating in the Ka-band to achieve improved spatial resolution and retrieval accuracy. Still, the knowledge of sea surface Ka-band backscatter properties is poor, particularly, at high winds (>20 m s−1). Sea surface radar cross-section in the Ka-band, in contrast to that in the lower frequency Ku-/X-/C-/L-bands, is likely more sensitive to sea spray, small-scale particles typically present at high winds. In this paper, tower-based field data collected by a continuous dual-co

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30

TAKEDA, Masahide, Kenji Uozumi, Takaaki SHIGEMATSU, Muneo TSUDA, Takashi HABUCHI, and Takahiko AMINO. "Fundamental Study on Conditions of Sea Spray Generation when Waves Dashing against a Vertical Wall." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 67, no. 2 (2011): I_701—I_705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.67.i_701.

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31

Andreas, Edgar L. "A New Sea Spray Generation Function for Wind Speeds up to 32 m s−1." Journal of Physical Oceanography 28, no. 11 (1998): 2175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2175:anssgf>2.0.co;2.

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32

Reddy, Sandeep K., Raphael Thiraux, Bethany A. Wellen Rudd, et al. "Bulk Contributions Modulate the Sum-Frequency Generation Spectra of Water on Model Sea-Spray Aerosols." Chem 4, no. 7 (2018): 1629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2018.04.007.

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33

Kandaurov, Alexander, Daniil Sergeev, Yuliya Troitskaya, and Olga Ermakova. "Investigation of the mechanisms of sea spray generation induced by wind-wave interaction in laboratory conditions." EPJ Web of Conferences 213 (2019): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921302036.

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The paper presents the results of investigations of the mechanisms of spray of droplets generation within wind wave interaction obtained under laboratory conditions on the High-speed Wind-Wave Flume of the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. For the research, a multi-angle high-speed video system used together shadow method, including underwater illumination. The results allowed for the classification of mechanismsleading to the formation of droplets. Three main types of phenomena responsible for the generation of the spume droplets near the wave crest were specifi

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34

Maohua, Zhang, Lv Zhengyi, Cui Jiyin, Tian Zenong, and Li Zhiyi. "Durability of Marine Concretes with Nanoparticles under Combined Action of Bending Load and Salt Spray Erosion." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 2, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1968770.

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The coupling effect of bending load and salt spray erosion during the service of a sea-crossing bridge accelerates the deterioration and durability of concrete and dramatically reduces the load-carrying capacity of the bridge. The effects of nanoparticles on the durability of marine concrete exposed to bending loads and salt spray erosion were studied. In this paper, nano-SiO2 and nano-Fe2O3 were mixed into plain concrete. Free chloride ions (Cl−) were titrated at different concrete depths using a four-point loading device and a self-developed salt spray erosion test chamber. Test results show

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35

Shi, Jun, Jinpei Yan, Shanshan Wang, et al. "Cyclones enhance the transport of sea spray aerosols to the high atmosphere in the Southern Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 18 (2023): 10349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10349-2023.

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Abstract. Cyclones are expected to increase the vertical transport of sea spray aerosols (SSAs), which may significantly impact the climate by increasing the population of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and the cloud droplet number concentration (Nd). In this study, a high-time-resolution (1 h) aerosol monitoring was carried out in the middle and high Southern Hemisphere from 23 February to 4 March 2018. The characteristics of SSAs during three cyclones were observed during the cruise. The results showed that SSA level in the low atmosphere did not increase with the wind speed during cyclone

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36

Pryor, S. C., and L. L. Sørensen. "Nitric Acid–Sea Salt Reactions: Implications for Nitrogen Deposition to Water Surfaces." Journal of Applied Meteorology 39, no. 5 (2000): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450-39.5.725.

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Abstract Many previous studies have indicated the importance of nitric acid (HNO3) reactions on sea salt particles for flux divergence of HNO3 in the marine surface layer. The potential importance of this reaction in determining the spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen dry deposition to marine ecosystems is investigated using models of sea spray generation and particle- and gas-phase dry deposition. Under horizontally homogeneous conditions with near-neutral stability and for wind speeds between 3.5 and 10 m s−1, transfer of HNO3 to the particle phase to form sodium nitrate may decrease t

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37

Collins, D. B., D. F. Zhao, M. J. Ruppel, et al. "Direct aerosol chemical composition measurements to evaluate the physicochemical differences between controlled sea spray aerosol generation schemes." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 11 (2014): 3667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3667-2014.

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Abstract. Controlled laboratory studies of the physical and chemical properties of sea spray aerosol (SSA) must be under-pinned by a physically and chemically accurate representation of the bubble-mediated production of nascent SSA particles. Bubble bursting is sensitive to the physico-chemical properties of seawater. For a sample of seawater, any important differences in the SSA production mechanism are projected into the composition of the aerosol particles produced. Using direct chemical measurements of SSA at the single-particle level, this study presents an intercomparison of three labora

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38

Collins, D. B., D. F. Zhao, M. J. Ruppel, et al. "Direct aerosol chemical composition measurements to evaluate the physicochemical differences between controlled sea spray aerosol generation schemes." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 7 (2014): 6457–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-6457-2014.

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Abstract. Controlled laboratory studies of the physical and chemical properties of sea spray aerosol (SSA) must be underpinned by a physically and chemically accurate representation of the bubble mediated production of nascent SSA particles. Since bubble bursting is sensitive to the physicochemical properties of seawater, any important differences in the SSA production mechanism are projected into SSA composition. Using direct chemical measurements of SSA at the single-particle level, this study presents an inter-comparison of three laboratory-based, bubble-mediated SSA production schemes: gas

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39

May, Nathaniel W., Jessica L. Axson, Alexa Watson, Kerri A. Pratt, and Andrew P. Ault. "Lake spray aerosol generation: a method for producing representative particles from freshwater wave breaking." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 9 (2016): 4311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4311-2016.

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Abstract. Wave-breaking action in bodies of freshwater produces atmospheric aerosols via a similar mechanism to sea spray aerosol (SSA) from seawater. The term lake spray aerosol (LSA) is proposed to describe particles formed by this mechanism, which have been observed over the Laurentian Great Lakes. Though LSA has been identified from size distribution measurements during a single measurement campaign, no measurements of LSA composition or relationship to bubble-bursting dynamics have been conducted. An LSA generator utilizing a plunging jet, similar to many SSA generators, was constructed f

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40

Stokes, M. D., G. B. Deane, K. Prather, et al. "A Marine Aerosol Reference Tank system as a breaking wave analogue for the production of foam and sea-spray aerosols." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 4 (2013): 1085–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1085-2013.

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Abstract. In order to better understand the processes governing the production of marine aerosols a repeatable, controlled method for their generation is required. The Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (MART) has been designed to closely approximate oceanic conditions by producing an evolving bubble plume and surface foam patch. The tank utilizes an intermittently plunging sheet of water and large volume tank reservoir to simulate turbulence, plume and foam formation, and the water flow is monitored volumetrically and acoustically to ensure the repeatability of conditions.

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41

Troitskaya, Yu I., O. S. Ermakova, A. A. Kandaurov, D. S. Kozlov, D. A. Sergeev, and S. S. Zilitinkevich. "Fragmentation of the “bag-breakup” type as a mechanism of the generation of sea spray at strong and hurricane winds." Doklady Earth Sciences 477, no. 1 (2017): 1330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x17110174.

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42

Troitskaya, Yuliya, Alexander Kandaurov, Olga Ermakova, Dmitry Kozlov, Anna Zotova, and Daniil Sergeev. "The Small-Scale Instability of the Air–Water Interface Responsible for the Bag-Breakup Fragmentation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 52, no. 3 (2022): 493–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-21-0192.1.

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Abstract The “bag breakup” fragmentation is the dominant mechanism for spume droplet production in high winds, which substantially affects the ocean–atmosphere exchange processes. The amount of droplets ejected from the surface, as well as their typical sizes, is prescribed by the surface wind velocity and fetch. The corresponding empirical correlations were obtained only for the limited parameters of the laboratory environment. The applicability range can be extended through the construction of a theoretical model that describes the initiation of the bag-breakup fragmentation, estimates the f

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43

Richter, David H., Anne E. Dempsey, and Peter P. Sullivan. "Turbulent Transport of Spray Droplets in the Vicinity of Moving Surface Waves." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 7 (2019): 1789–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0003.1.

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AbstractA common technique for estimating the sea surface generation functions of spray and aerosols is the so-called flux–profile method, where fixed-height concentration measurements are used to infer fluxes at the surface by assuming a form of the concentration profile. At its simplest, this method assumes a balance between spray emission and deposition, and under these conditions the concentration profile follows a power-law shape. It is the purpose of this work to evaluate the influence of waves on this power-law theory, as well as investigate its applicability over a range of droplet siz

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44

Ault, Andrew P., Defeng Zhao, Carlena J. Ebben, et al. "Raman microspectroscopy and vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy as probes of the bulk and surface compositions of size-resolved sea spray aerosol particles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15, no. 17 (2013): 6206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp43899f.

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45

Mestayer, Patrice, and Claude Lefauconnier. "Spray droplet generation, transport, and evaporation in a wind wave tunnel during the humidity exchange over the sea experiments in the simulation tunnel." Journal of Geophysical Research 93, no. C1 (1988): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc093ic01p00572.

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46

Kaiser, J. C., J. Hendricks, M. Righi, et al. "The MESSy aerosol submodel MADE3 (v2.0b): description and a box model test." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 3 (2014): 1137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1137-2014.

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Abstract. We introduce MADE3 (Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe, adapted for global applications, 3rd generation; version: MADE3v2.0b), an aerosol dynamics submodel for application within the MESSy framework (Modular Earth Submodel System). MADE3 builds on the predecessor aerosol submodels MADE and MADE-in. Its main new features are the explicit representation of coarse mode particle interactions both with other particles and with condensable gases, and the inclusion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) / chloride (Cl) partitioning between the gas and condensed phases. The aerosol size distributio

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47

Kaiser, J. C., J. Hendricks, M. Righi, et al. "The MESSy aerosol submodel MADE3 (v2.0b): description and a box model test." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 1 (2014): 691–739. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-691-2014.

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Abstract. We introduce MADE3 (Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe, adapted for global applications, 3rd generation), an aerosol dynamics submodel for application within the MESSy framework (Modular Earth Submodel System). MADE3 builds on the predecessor aerosol submodels MADE and MADE-in. Its main new features are the explicit representation of coarse particle interactions both with other particles and with condensable gases, and the inclusion of hydrochloric acid (HCl)/chloride (Cl) partitioning between the gas and condensed phases. The aerosol size distribution is represented in the new

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48

Gong, Xianda, Heike Wex, Manuela van Pinxteren, et al. "Characterization of aerosol particles at Cabo Verde close to sea level and at the cloud level – Part 2: Ice-nucleating particles in air, cloud and seawater." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 3 (2020): 1451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1451-2020.

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Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the troposphere can form ice in clouds via heterogeneous ice nucleation. Yet, atmospheric number concentrations of INPs (NINP) are not well characterized, and, although there is some understanding of their sources, it is still unclear to what extend different sources contribute or if all sources are known. In this work, we examined properties of INPs at Cabo Verde (a.k.a. Cape Verde) from different environmental compartments: the oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML), underlying water (ULW), cloud water and the atmosphere close to both sea level and

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Fuentes, E., H. Coe, D. Green, and G. McFiggans. "Laboratory-generated primary marine aerosol via bubble-bursting and atomization." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 2, no. 5 (2009): 2281–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-2281-2009.

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Abstract. A range of bubble and sea spray aerosol generators has been tested in the laboratory and compared with ocean measurements. We have shown that the method of generation has a significant influence on the properties of the aerosol particles produced. Hence, the validity of a generation system to mimic atmospheric aerosol is dependent on its capacity of generating bubbles and particulate in a realistic manner. A bubble-bursting aerosol generator consisting in the production of bubbles by the impingement of water jets on seawater was shown to best reproduce the real oceanic bubble and aer

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50

Delvigne, Gerard A. L. "EXPERIMENTS ON NATURAL AND CHEMICAL DISPERSION OF OIL IN LABORATORY AND FIELD CIRCUMSTANCES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (1985): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-507.

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ABSTRACT At the Delft Hydraulics Laboratory a laboratory flume has been constructed to aid research into natural and chemically induced dispersion processes as well as to test the effectiveness of dispersant in specific conditions. The flume allows the selection of variables and conditions, for instance, the generation of nonbreaking and breaking waves and currents, the variation of temperature, salinity, oil layer thickness, dispersant spray droplet size, and the droplet impact on the slick surface. The flume has been verified with empirical data gathered from an extensive sea survey on the n

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