Literatura académica sobre el tema "Semi-sedentary"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Semi-sedentary"
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Kotlarczyk, Mary P., Andrea L. Hergenroeder, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Flor de Abril Cameron, Megan E. Hamm y Jennifer S. Brach. "Personal and Environmental Contributors to Sedentary Behavior of Older Adults in Independent and Assisted Living Facilities". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 17 (3 de septiembre de 2020): 6415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176415.
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Sedentary behavior is associated with negative health outcomes and unhealthy aging. Older adults are the most sedentary age group, and decreasing sitting time represents an intervention target for improving health. Determinants of sedentary behavior have been examined in older adults living in their own homes, yet less is known about sedentary behavior of older adults in residential care facilities. The purpose of this study was to explore factors contributing to sedentary behavior among residents of independent and assisted living facilities. We conducted eight focus groups with residents (n = 44) and semi-structured interviews with staff (n = 6) across four living facilities. Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed using an iterative, inductive approach. Three salient themes were identified. Residents and staff both viewed sedentary behavior negatively unless it was in the context of social engagement. Additionally, fear of falling was discussed as a significant contributor to sedentary behavior. Finally, residents felt the community living environment contributed to their sedentary behavior while staff did not. Our findings provide valuable insight for designing targeted interventions for older adults in residential facilities and suggest thinking beyond the individual and considering environmental influences on sedentary behavior in the residential care setting.
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Simonet, Aurélien. "Gravettians at Brassempouy (Landes, France), 30,000 BP: a semi-sedentary territorial organization?" World Archaeology 49, n.º 5 (8 de agosto de 2017): 648–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2017.1359109.
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Wubben, Martin J., Franklin E. Callahan y Brian S. Scheffler. "Transcript analysis of parasitic females of the sedentary semi-endoparasitic nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis". Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 172, n.º 1 (julio de 2010): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.03.011.
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Davis, Loren G. "Paleoseismicity, Ecological Change, and Prehistoric Exploitation of Anadromous Fishes in the Salmon River Basin, Western Idaho, USA". North American Archaeologist 28, n.º 3 (julio de 2007): 233–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.28.3.b.
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By the middle Holocene, Native American groups developed semi-sedentary villages in the Columbia River basin of the Pacific Northwest. The economic basis for these villages is thought to have been predicated on the acquisition of bulk food resources, such as salmon and camas, for delayed consumption during the winter. In Idaho's lower Salmon River canyon, semi-sedentary pit house villages are absent until after 2000 14C yr BP. Floodplain geochronology shows channel incision and terrace formation occurred at ca. 2000 14C yr BP, caused by fluvial response to neotectonic displacement along a normal fault. The delayed appearance of pit house sites and other markers of the Winter Village Pattern in the canyon is argued to be directly related to neotectonically-induced changes in fluvial conditions after 2000 14C yr BP, which significantly improved aquatic habitats for anadromous fishes and led to the development of a predictable, productive salmon fishery.
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Onischenko, S. S., P. V. German y A. S. Savelieva. "Horses in the Late Tagar Economy: Kosogol I Settlement Materials (Krasnoyarsk Region)". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, n.º 4 (5 de enero de 2021): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-921-931.
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The archaeological studies developed two concepts concerning the character of Tagar economy: semi-nomadic and sedentary. They are based on different approaches to burial assemblage materials, accidental findings, and general opinion on stock-raising economy in Eurasian forest-steppes and steppes. The zooarchaeological profile of Tagar settlements can resolve this argument. A high share of horse bones may mean a semi-nomadic or nomadic lifestyle, while low share of equine remains can be a sign of a sedentary economy. The research featured Tagar settlements in the forest-steppe areas of the interfluve area between the Kiya and the Chulym. The paper describes the zooarchaeological collection of the archeological site of Kоsоgol I, the largest Early Iron Age settlement in the area. The collection includes 6,634 samples, of which 687 belong to horses. The authors believe that cattle breeding was the main branch of the Tagar economy. Horses were the third most important group. However, horses were not meat animals, as bones of young horses were quite rare among the kitchen waste. The Tagars killed mature or old work horses (older than 12–13), which could not work anymore. Hunting was a secondary branch of their economy: they hunted does, as well as water and moor fowl near the settlement. The results of Kosogol I zooarchaeological assemblage study proved the theory about the sedentary cattle breeding of the early Tagar people.
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Onischenko, S. S., P. V. German y A. S. Savelieva. "Horses in the Late Tagar Economy: Kosogol I Settlement Materials (Krasnoyarsk Region)". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, n.º 4 (5 de enero de 2021): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-921-931.
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The archaeological studies developed two concepts concerning the character of Tagar economy: semi-nomadic and sedentary. They are based on different approaches to burial assemblage materials, accidental findings, and general opinion on stock-raising economy in Eurasian forest-steppes and steppes. The zooarchaeological profile of Tagar settlements can resolve this argument. A high share of horse bones may mean a semi-nomadic or nomadic lifestyle, while low share of equine remains can be a sign of a sedentary economy. The research featured Tagar settlements in the forest-steppe areas of the interfluve area between the Kiya and the Chulym. The paper describes the zooarchaeological collection of the archeological site of Kоsоgol I, the largest Early Iron Age settlement in the area. The collection includes 6,634 samples, of which 687 belong to horses. The authors believe that cattle breeding was the main branch of the Tagar economy. Horses were the third most important group. However, horses were not meat animals, as bones of young horses were quite rare among the kitchen waste. The Tagars killed mature or old work horses (older than 12–13), which could not work anymore. Hunting was a secondary branch of their economy: they hunted does, as well as water and moor fowl near the settlement. The results of Kosogol I zooarchaeological assemblage study proved the theory about the sedentary cattle breeding of the early Tagar people.
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Webley, Lita. "The Use of Stone 'Scrapers' by Semi-Sedentary Pastoralist Groups in Namaqualand, South Africa". South African Archaeological Bulletin 45, n.º 151 (junio de 1990): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3887915.
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Mayne, Richard S., Nigel D. Hart y Neil Heron. "Exploration of sedentary behaviour among general practitioners: protocol for a mixed methods study". International Journal of Clinical Trials 8, n.º 1 (22 de enero de 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20210145.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Many general practitioners (GPs) are sedentary for most of their working day. Levels of sedentary behaviour may have been exacerbated by increased use of telemedicine in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, as this is traditionally performed while sitting down. Excessive sedentary behaviour is associated with many adverse health outcomes and increased all-cause mortality. This study will gain quantitative data on levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs and general practice specialty trainees (GPSTs), to identify to what extent general practice is a sedentary occupation, as well as qualitative data regarding the barriers and facilitators to reducing sedentary behaviour in the general practice setting.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study follows a sequential, mixed-methods model. The first stage will involve the dissemination of a questionnaire survey, where participants self-estimate their sedentary behaviour on a working day and on a non-working day. The second stage will use thigh-worn accelerometers and a sleep/work log to obtain objective data regarding sedentary behaviour among a purposive subset of participants who responded to the questionnaire. The third stage will involve semi-structured interviews with a purposive subset of accelerometer study participants, analysed with the application of a theoretical framework regarding the acceptability of healthcare interventions.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This paper outlines a protocol for a sequential, mixed-methods study exploring sedentary behaviour among GPs and GPSTs. Findings of this study will shed light on the new ways of working as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which will be relevant to clinicians working in similar primary care settings throughout the world.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Trial Registration:</strong> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04556695. Date of registration: 21<sup>st</sup> September 2020.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
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Kirschner, Mara, Rianne H. J. Golsteijn, Sanne M. Sijben, Amika S. Singh, Hans H. C. M. Savelberg y Renate H. M. de Groot. "A Qualitative Study of the Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing ‘Sit-To-Stand’ Desks in Vocational Education and Training". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 3 (20 de enero de 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030849.
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While it has been shown that interrupting a person’s sedentary behaviour has the potential to improve cognitive, physical and mental health, a large part of time that students spend in school is sedentary. As research has shown that approximately 80% of vocational education and training (VET) students have an unhealthy sedentary lifestyle, implementing “sit-to-stand” (StS) desks could interrupt sedentary behaviour and promote healthier behaviour. Therefore, the acceptability and feasibility of using such desks in the VET setting should be investigated. Using semi-structured focus group interviews analysed via deductive content analysis, the opinions of 33 students for the following topics were assessed: (1) usage of the standing option of the desks (2) reasons for standing in class (3) experienced effect of standing behind the desk, and (4) fostering future StS desks usage. Although VET students are aware of the potential benefits of using StS desks, they need to be actively stimulated and motivated by teachers to use them. In addition, time is needed to get into the habit of standing. Thus, for successful implementation of StS desks in the VET setting, all stakeholders (i.e., students, teachers, schoolboards) should be actively involved in stimulating the healthy behaviour of VET students.
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Renouf, M. A. P. "Excavations at a Younger Stone Age settlement in Varangerfjord, Norway". Polar Record 23, n.º 144 (septiembre de 1986): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400007105.
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ABSTRACTIn 1978 the Younger Stone Age (6500–1800 BP) site of Nyelv Nedre Vest in Varangerfjord, northeastern Norway, was partly excavated before road widening, allowing reassessment of Younger Stone Age settlement patterns in die area. Early settlement in Varanger was formerly thought to involve regular seasonal movements between sites. Analysis of faunal refuse from Nyelv Nedre Vest now indicates year- round occupation, and re-examination of data from other inner fjord sites suggests diat they too might have housed sedentary or semi- sedentary populations. Special-purpose satellite' camps seem also to have been associated with these settlements. This settlement pattern has implications for other aspects of the social group, and the results of the analysis are relevant to other settlement studies in northern maritime regions.
Tesis sobre el tema "Semi-sedentary"
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Weeber, Joshua. "Investigating the habitat selection and dietary preferences of a largely sedentary population of blue wildebeest in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park – impacts of permanent surface water provision in a semi-arid environment". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29552.
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The continued provision of waterholes since the early 1930s has facilitated the formation of a largely sedentary population of blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. However, other environmental variables may influence the distribution of this resident herd within the riverbeds of the Park. I explore the effects of water quality, forage abundance, tree density and river width on wildebeest habitat selection. I do this through a combination of an analysis of two years of wildebeest census data, published water quality data and a series of transects across the Auob and Nossob rivers for dung and grass sampling in the Park. My results show that water quality is a key predictor of wildebeest distribution, with animals strongly selecting for areas with access to fresh water over areas with saline or no water. Shade also emerged as a strong predictor of wildebeest distribution, demonstrating the importance of thermoregulatory behavioural adaptations in this arid savannah system. Wildebeest avoided areas of the riverbed that were densely vegetated, instead showing a preference for wider, open areas. This preference is likely a combination of two factors; enhanced predator detectability in open regions of the riverbed and the larger area of short grass communities present in this habitat. In this arid environment the distribution of available graze has long been considered an important variable in determining the distribution of wildebeest. I further examine my results showing that forage availability and quality plays a key role in wildebeest habitat selection through a stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of wildebeest dung and the leaves of common shrubs and grasses to explore the spatial and temporal variation in wildebeest diet. These results show that wildebeest in my study site consumed a higher proportion of C3 plants than previously recorded in other areas of their range. This C3 intake increases in the dry season and in marginal, low use areas of the Park, suggesting that C3 plants are an important alternative food source to wildebeest during drought periods. This increase in C3 plants allow the animals to maintain their crude protein requirements throughout the dry season, despite a pronounced drop in the quality of available graze during this period. These results suggest that wildebeest were not food limited during the study period, although the distribution of these animals appears to largely reflect bottom up (resource based) mechanisms. A portion of the resident herd displayed some level of local movement, dispersing out of the riverbeds during the wet season before concentrating again near good quality waterholes in the dry season. This movement is likely driven by increased wet season forage outside the riverbed habitat and facilitated by ephemeral pools of water that form in pans in the rainy season. Grass species counts and grazing evidence were used to investigate the grazing habits of all herbivores in the riverbeds of the KTP. My results suggest that herbivores are more restricted in their grazing choices during the dry season. While there was no conclusive evidence to suggest that this was a direct result of grass quality, it is likely that the pronounced decrease in grass quality during the drier months does play a role in herbivore grazing habits.
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Lundberg, Åsa. "Vinterbyar : ett bandsamhälles territorier i Norrlands inland, 4500-2500 f. Kr". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkeologi och samiska studier, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67020.
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The main archaeological features studied in this thesis are semi-subterranean house remains in the woodlands of middle northern Sweden, east of the high mountains and some 100 km from the coast. The period during which they were occupied has been delimited to 4500-2500 BC. The house remains consist of circular or sometimes rectangular depressions in the ground, surrounded by mounds of refuse and large amounts of fire-cracked stone. Eighty house remains of this kind have been discovered so far and 20 features have been excavated. They are found at 29 different localities that cover an area of more than 60,000 km2. The question put forward is whether these house remains show patterning in site location, economy and material culture, suggesting that they belonged to one people sharing a similar language and values. The majority of the locations include more than one house and because of the dug-out-floors and the large amounts of fire-cracked stone they are interpreted as winter villages. The distributions of the villages show a settlement pattern in which the locales are separated by a mean distance of approximately 35 km. In one of the regions, Vilhelmina parish, summer camps have been located by smaller lakes where the waterways from 3 different winter villages connect. Other possible summer camp sites are suggested, based on their location in areas where waterways connect two or three winter villages. The winter sites were associated with local bands, according to the social structure of hunting societies in North America, suggested by June Helm. Several local bands form a regional band that camp together during certain periods of the year. All regional bands form the tribe or the language family. No traces of social differences between groups or families have been revealed in the material and it is therefore assumed that the remains of the houses represent a hunting/gathering band society. Among the artifacts in the houses is a predominance of small scrapers of quartz and quartzite. There is also a very high representation of elk (moose) in the bone material from the house remains. Prehistoric and later pit-falls as well as paintings and carvings of elk are distributed within the same area. This shows that elk were a very important prey and this has been emphasized when discussing the explanations of the uniformity in house type and artefacts. Finally the importance of the slate tools, in particular those of red slate, is briefly discussed. The manufacture of slate tools increase during the neolithic period. In the inland of middle Norrland artifacts of red slate dominate over the grey and black slate artifacts in most of the houses and on many other sites. The raw material is, in most cases, found close to the high mountains, but the red slate is otherwise rare compared to the black and grey, which suggests that it has been highly valued. The knowledge of, and access to, red slate is suggested as having symbolized the unity of this band society.digitalisering@umu
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Cuadros, Torres Milagros Camila y Calero Antonelhla Mirelhla Ganoza. "Asociación del nivel de actividad física de acuerdo al estado de glicemia en individuos de 30 a 69 años que residen en las zonas semi-urbanas de Tumbes, Perú durante el 2016-2017". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654659.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: El manejo de los diabéticos es complejo debido a múltiples factores de riesgo asociados y complicaciones que disminuyen su calidad de vida.
OBJETIVOS: Determinar si la prevalencia de actividad física y tiempo sentado viendo TV difieren según el estado de glicemia en población entre 30 a 69 años residentes de Tumbes.
METODOLOGIA: Análisis de datos secundarios de un estudio de base poblacional. Dos fueron las variables de respuesta, nivel de actividad física y tiempo sentado viendo TV. La exposición fue estado de glicemia categorizada en euglicémico, disglicémico y diabético tipo 2, dividida en diabético no consciente y consciente de su enfermedad. Se reportó el análisis con razones de prevalencia e intervalos de confianza al 95% utilizando modelos de regresión de Poisson.
RESULTADOS: Los datos de 1607 participantes se analizaron, 809 (50.3%) fueron mujeres, la edad media fue 48.2 años (DE 10.6). La prevalencia de diabetes total fue 11.0% (IC95% 9.5% - 12.6%) y disglicemia 16.9% (IC95% 15.1% - 18.8%). Un total de 605 (37.6%; IC95% 35.2% -39.9%) reportaron bajos niveles de actividad física y 1019 (63.3%; IC95% 60.9% - 65.7%) pasar ≥2 horas al día sentados viendo TV. En modelo multivariado, no se encontró asociación significativa entre estado de glicemia y niveles de actividad física (RP= 1.14; IC95% 0.95-1.36); igualmente entre estado de glicemia y tiempo sentado viendo TV. Sin embargo, los diabéticos conscientes fueron más probables de tener bajos niveles de actividad física comparados con los euglicémicos (RP= 1.31; IC 95% 1.06-1.61).
CONCLUSIONES: No se encontró asociación significativa entre estado de glicemia, nivel de actividad física y tiempo sentado viendo TV, hallándose niveles similares de actividad física entre euglicémicos, disglicémicos y diabéticos. Los diabéticos conscientes tienen 30% más probabilidad de presentar actividad física baja respecto a euglicémicos. Se recomienda aumentar los niveles de actividad física para prevenir complicaciones de DM2.INTRODUCTION: The management of diabetics is complex due to multiple associated risk factors and complications that decrease their quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the prevalence of physical activity levels and sitting time watching TV differ depending on glycemia status in population between 30 and 69 years old living in Tumbes. METHODS: A secondary analysis using data from a population-based study was conducted. Two were the outcomes: physical activity levels and sitting time watching TV. The exposure was glycemia status categorized into euglycemia, dysglycemia and T2DM. The T2DM group was further split into: aware and unaware of T2DM diagnosis. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CI were reported using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Data of 1607 individuals, mean age 48.2 (SD:10.6) years, 809 (50.3%) females, were analyzed. Dysglicemia and T2DM was present in 16.9% (95% CI: 15.1% 18.8%) and 11.0% (95% CI: 9.5%-12.6%) of participants, respectively. A total of 605 (37.6%; 95% CI: 35.2%-39.9%) had low levels of physical activity and 1019 (63.3%; 95% CI: 60.9%-65.7%) spent ≥2 hours per day sitting watching TV. In multivariable model, there was no significant association between glycemia status and physical activity levels (PR =1.14; 95% CI: 0.95- 1.36). Similarly between glycemia status and sitting time watching TV. However, those aware of T2DM diagnosis were more likely to have low levels of physical activity (PR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.06-1.61) compared to the euglycemics. CONCLUSIONS: We found a no relationship between glycemia status and physical activity level or sitting time watching TV, pointing out similar levels of physical activity among those with euglycemia, dysglicemia and T2DM. Individuals aware of having T2DM were 30% more likely to have low physical activity levels compared to the euglycemics. There is a need to increase physical activity levels among T2DM individuals to prevent DM2 complications.
Tesis
Libros sobre el tema "Semi-sedentary"
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Whalen, Michael E. y Paul E. Minnis. Chihuahuan Archaeology. Editado por Barbara Mills y Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.20.
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Northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico, and the U.S. Southwest share broadly similar pre-colonial cultures and sequences of change. In fact, the present-day international boundary artificially divides a single culture area. Even so, northwestern Chihuahua is not simply a southern extension of the U.S. Southwest. This chapter reviews the past of northwestern Chihuahua from the early pre-ceramic era through late pre-Hispanic times, showing how these cultures were similar to and different from their counterparts in the Southwest. It is clear that maize farming and at least semi-sedentary life were introduced early in Chihuahua, and this formed a basis for the rapid development of subsequent cultures. The apogee of the area’s late pre-colonial period is the famous center of Paquimé (or Casas Grandes). It is widely recognized as one of the most complex societies of the pre-Hispanic Pueblo world.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Semi-sedentary"
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Haque, Ziaul y Mujeebur Rahman Khan. "Rotylenchulidae: Rotylenchulus species." En Handbook of invasive plant-parasitic nematodes, 407–20. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247367.0012.
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Abstract The reniform nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus are sedentary and semi-endoparasites of plants. This chapter includes information on: authentic identification; geographical distribution; risk of introduction; host ranges; symptoms; biology and ecology; planting material liable to carry the nematode; chance of establishment; likely impact; phytosanitary measures; and a detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as sampling, isolation/detection and identification with morphological and molecular characterization, of invasive Rotylenchulus species.
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Gagnol, Laurent. "Identify, Search and Monitor by Tracks: Elements of Analysis of Pastoral Know-How in Saharan-Sahelian Societies". En Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 363–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_19.
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AbstractThis article deals with the knowledge and skills related to tracks in the sand among nomadic and semi-nomadic populations with a predominantly pastoral focus in the Sahara and Sahel. Identifying a sought-after individual, interpreting the associated clues, catching up with it by following the trail – all this is an essentially pastoral know-how. The punctual examination of the footprint aims at identifying the individual who produced it, and the search for clues associated with the footprint enables the tracker to discern other elements interpreting more generally the behaviour of this individual in movement. Through the understanding of the spatial and temporal context, linear tracking of footprints, by implementing a hodological strategy, makes it possible to catch up with the individual in question. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the power structures between the men who are in charge of tracking as well as the confirmation, assurance or subversion of the social order it implies. Finally, the permanence and transformation of this common and essential know-how in the process of becoming sedentary are analysed.
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Arciero, Roberto y Luca Forni. "La prima urbanizzazione in Turkmenistan: coesistenza tra nomadi e sedentari nel delta interno del fiume Murghab". En Eurasiatica. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-211-6/002.
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Modern Turkmenistan is mainly constituted by a desert landscape, yet despite its harsh climate, cultures have been able to construct networks of water channels since the Bronze Age. This has resulted in a man-made landscape that integrates towns and villages. Extensive surveys and recent archaeological excavations have highlighted that between 2400 and 2100 BC (Namazga V period), the region of the Murghab alluvial fan was characterised by the development of complex urban societies. However, starting from the Late Bronze Age, a new group of mobile pastoralists appeared in the Murghab region and settled along the edges of the sedentary sites. Although their presence is well-attested both by survey and excavation data, their degree of interaction with the sedentary farmers is still debated. In modern Turkmenistan, semi-mobile shepherds continue to drive their cattle across the Murghab, using mobile camps for different months. This paper presents the preliminary results of the excavation of the sedentary site of Togolok 1, as well as the first ethnographic study of the mobile communities of the Murghab region.
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Sluglett, Peter. "Regime Change in Iraq from the Mongols to the Present: an Essay in haute vulgarisation". En Regime Change in the Ancient Near East and Egypt. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263907.003.0012.
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This chapter examines continuity and change in Iraq from the mid-thirteenth century to the present, with special reference to royal ideology and administrative practices. It explains that during these six centuries, Iraq underwent a series of major upheavals but a degree of continuity was preserved through a succession of unrelentingly catastrophic events. It describes the incorporation of Iraq into the Mongol domains and then it came under the control of a semi-sedentary principality based first in eastern Anatolia and later in Tabriz.
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Sioui, Linda. "Reunification of the Wendat/Wyandotte Nation at a Time of Globalization". En Information Technology and Indigenous People, 310–13. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-298-5.ch042.
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In the 17th century, an important period of contact with Europeans, the Wendat nation (Iroquoian linguistic family) lived in the Georgian Bay area, close to Lake Simcoe, in Ontario, Canada. Its territory is located at the northern limit of southern Ontario’s agricultural lands. Data vary regarding the total population at the beginning of the seventeenth century (the contact period), but it may be assessed to have been 29,000 souls on average (Trigger, 1976, p. 30). To start with, the Wendat nation comprised four nations distributed among several villages. A fifth nation joined later. The French called this semi-sedentary people “Hurons,” thus referring to the tuft of hair on a wild boar’s head the nation’s warriors’ hairstyle reminded them of.
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Sioui, Linda. "Reunification of the Wendat/Wyandotte Nation at a Time of Globalization". En Global Information Technologies, 3299–318. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-939-7.ch235.
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In the 17th century, an important period of contact with Europeans, the Wendat nation (Iroquoian linguistic family) lived in the Georgian Bay area, close to Lake Simcoe, in Ontario, Canada. Its territory is located at the northern limit of southern Ontario’s agricultural lands. Data vary regarding the total population at the beginning of the seventeenth century (the contact period), but it may be assessed to have been 29,000 souls on average (Trigger, 1976, p. 30). To start with, the Wendat nation comprised four nations distributed among several villages. A fifth nation joined later. The French called this semi-sedentary people “Hurons,” thus referring to the tuft of hair on a wild boar’s head the nation’s warriors’ hairstyle reminded them of.
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Birch, Jennifer y Ronald F. Williamson. "Initial Northern Iroquoian Coalescence". En The Archaeology of Villages in Eastern North America, 89–105. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400462.003.0006.
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Northern Iroquoian societies experienced two phases of community coalescence, one in the thirteenth century, which brought semi-sedentary populations together into the first true villages, and a second phase two centuries later that created large palisaded settlements. This chapter is primarily concerned with the first wave of village formation and the changes in social organization and gender and power relations that accompanied the transition to sedentism. This included more formalized decision-making at the village level as well as the development of recursive entanglements between regional networks defined by kin- and clan-based relations and materialized through ritual and mortuary programs. We argue that transformations in the social and physical labor performed by males and females at the village and regional levels is key to understanding this transition.
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Pakendorf, Brigitte y Natalia Aralova. "Even and the Northern Tungusic languages". En The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages, 288–304. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0019.
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This chapter provides a concise structural overview of the three Northern Tungusic languages spoken in the Russian Federation, namely Even, Evenki, and Negidal. Even and Evenki are spoken by people who traditionally were fully nomadic hunters and reindeer herders, whereas Negidal is spoken by a small group who were traditionally semi-sedentary fishers and hunters. Typical features of these languages are root-based vowel harmony, large case systems, an extensive system of verbal inflection and derivation, and the widespread use of nonfinite verb forms in subordination. The three languages discussed here share large numbers of cognate forms, but also have notable individual features, such as the indefinite accusative case found in Evenki and Negidal, the refactive verb derivation that Negidal shares with other Tungusic languages of the Amur region, or the use of evaluative morphology to express (in)definiteness in Even.
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Michel, Janet y Marcel Tanner. "Poverty Is Not Poverty: The Reality on the Ground Including the Rural-Urban Divide and How We Can Turn the Tide on NCDs". En Lifestyle and Epidemiology - Poverty and Cardiovascular Diseases a Double Burden in African Populations [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95901.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) tend to occur in younger sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations, about 20 years earlier as compared to high income countries (HIC). Weak health systems and infrastructure, scarce cardiac professionals, skewed budget away from non-communicable diseases (NCD), high treatment costs and reduced access to health care. On top of that, hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control are low, less than 40%, less than 35% and 10-20% respectively. SSA has 23% of the worlds rheumatic disease, while 80% of CVD deaths occur in low to middle income countries. Poverty is not poverty. The rural–urban divide is one reality that has to be acknowledged among others, particularly in Africa. Being poor, while owning land and having the possibility to grow crops and rear livestock, goats and chickens, is different from being an unemployed young man or young woman, renting one room, in a crowded township with dilapidated infrastructure, intermittent or untreated water and surrounded by leaking sewers. Understanding the dynamics in different contexts is important for us to identify and address the different challenges affecting health in general, and heart health of people in these contexts in particular. For example, the detection, treatment and control rates of hypertension are higher in semi-urban as compared to rural areas. Detection rates for both men and women are suboptimal particularly in rural areas. Diet, sedentary life, loneliness and stress, insecure environments rather and unsafe places to walk are issues more common in urban settings. The conditions in which people are born, live, grow and work affect their health. The rural conditions are very different from the urban ones. The quality of air, access and types of food, stress levels, isolation, loneliness and fear not to mention violence, vary. All these factors affect heart health in one way or the other. Addressing heart health issues therefore ought to be context specific. The burdens might be treble or more for some -economically, environmentally (climate change, political instability), socially and historically-apartheid and colonialism.
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Bahadur, Amar. "Nematodes Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables Crops in India". En Nematodes - Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98850.
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Nematodes are the most plentiful animals on earth, commonly found in soil or water, including oceans. Some species of nematodes are parasites of plants and animals. Plant-parasitic nematodes are non-segmented microscopic, eel-like round worms, obligate parasite possess stylets that live in soil causing damage to plants by feeding on roots or plant tissues. Plant-parasitic nematodes feed on roots, either within the root, some nematodes feed leaves. These nematodes cause breakdown of resistance to fungal diseases in fruit crops. Plant-parasitic nematodes living host tissue to feed on to grow and reproduce. Nematode life cycle consists of an egg, 4 pre-adult stages (juveniles) and an adult, life cycle depending on the species and the temperature. Nematodes do not move long distances (less than 6 inches per year). They are usually transported over long distances on machinery, in nursery stock, transplants, seeds, or by animals, moves soil, water and wind. They acquire nutrients from plant tissues by needle-like feeding structure (stylet/spear). Nematodes can be classified into three groups depending on feed on the plants such as ectoparasitic nematodes are always remaining outside the plant root tissues. Migratory endoparasitic nematodes move through root tissues sedentary endoparasitic nematodes penetrate young roots at or near the growing tip. They steal nutrients, disrupt water and mineral transport, and provide excellent sites for secondary pathogens (fungus and bactria) to invade the roots and decay. Several nematode species that cause problems in fruit orchards that are major limiting factors in fruit crop production cause extensive root necrosis resulting in serious economic losses. The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) and citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipentrans) are the major nematode pests that infect fruit crops. Parasitic nematodes that can damage tree fruit roots. Many kinds of nematodes have been reported in and around the roots of various fruit crops, only few are cause serious damage, including Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), Lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus species), Ring nematodes (Mesocriconema spp) are cigar-shaped that are strictly ectoparasitic, Dagger nematodes (Xiphinema spp) are relatively large ectoparasites that feed near root tips, Sting nematodes (Belonolaimus species) are ectoparasitic, Citrus nematodes (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) are sedentary semi-endoparasites. Nematodes reduce yield without the production of any noticeable above ground symptoms. Typical above ground symptoms of nematode infections stunting, yellowing and wilting. Major nematodes associated in large number of vegetables crops in India such as root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.), lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus sp.), reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus sp.) lance nematodes (Hoplolaimus spp.), stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus spp.) etc. Root-knot nematodes are important pests of vegetables belonging to solanaceous (brinjal, tomato, chili), cucurbitaceous (biter ground, cucumber, pumpkin, bottle gourd) leguminous (cowpea, bean, pea), cruciferous cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, brussels, sprout), okra and several other root and bulb crops (onion, garlic, lettuce, celery, carrot, radish). Four species (M. incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria and M. hapla) are more than 95% of the root-knot nematode population worldwide distribution. Stem and Bulb nematode (Ditylenchus spp.) commonly attacks onion, garlic, potato, pea and carrot etc. The nematodes spread from one area to another mainly through infested planting materials, water drains from infested areas into irrigation system, soil that adheres to implements, tyres of motor vehicles and shoes of plantation workers. Management recommendation through bio-pesticides, cultural practices, enrichment of FYM, Neem cake and other organic amendments.