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1
He, Zhaoxiang, Xiao Qin, Yuanchang Xie y Jianhua Guo. "Service Location Optimization Model for Improving Rural Emergency Medical Services". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, n.º 32 (12 de agosto de 2018): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118791363.
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Approximately 35,000 fatalities are attributed to accidents on U.S. highways each year and more than half of them occurred in rural areas. With such a high percentage of fatalities, rural areas are in critical need of timely and reliable Emergency Medical Services (EMS). EMS provide important prehospital care to victims before they are transferred to a hospital. After an accident occurs, the time it takes for victims to receive care from EMS is crucial to their survival. Compared with urban EMS, rural EMS face multiple challenges. One of them is how to properly site EMS stations to provide cost-effective services in rural areas. The goals of this paper include analyzing the spatial patterns of EMS station and incident locations, and optimizing rural EMS station locations. The data were collected from South Dakota, a rural state. This dataset was used to perform spatial analysis and to develop and evaluate an EMS location optimization model. The location optimization model aims to maximize the rural EMS coverage while taking service equity into consideration. The model was solved by a genetic algorithm toolbox in R. The proposed model provides an important and practical tool for rural EMS officials to select new EMS stations or relocate existing stations to improve service performance under budget and resource constraints.
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Brumercikova, Eva y Adrian Sperka. "Problems of Access to Services at Railway Stations in Freight Transport in the Slovak Republic". Sustainability 12, n.º 19 (28 de septiembre de 2020): 8018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198018.
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The article deals with the issue of access of freight carriers to services in railway stations. With the liberalization of the rail freight market, the number of carriers is gradually increasing. In this situation, infrastructure capacity is often insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to set the order of access to services in railway stations. The article will use the process of analytical hierarchy as one of many methods of multicriteria analysis. Four important indicators will be selected for carriers: railway stations where the service of stabling tracks can be used, railway stations where rail scales are located, railway stations where it is possible to use the services of a shunting movement from the infrastructure manager, railway stations where the carrier can be using the services of a mobile workshop. At the end of the article, the order of access to these services will be compiled according to the order of importance for railway undertakings. A significant factor will also be an approximate quantification of the performance of individual carriers passing through the selected station.
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Zhu, Zhenjun, Chaoxu Sun, Yudong He, Jiayan Shen y Jingrui Sun. "Layout Methods for Integrated Energy Supply Service Stations from the Perspective of Combination Optimization". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (6 de mayo de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6664115.
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Integrated energy supply service stations (IES) are a new type of transportation energy infrastructure offering the advantages of comprehensive functions and intensive land use while providing more convenient and efficient energy supply services. Through the analysis of service station characteristics, this study regards the IES as a spatially superimposed combination of various energy supply services, proposes a layout method from the perspective of combination optimization, and establishes a station optimization model for energy supply stations. This method aims to further coordinate and optimize the combination of various energy supply stations to achieve global optimization of the energy supply service system. Finally, this study uses a hypothetical situation for example analysis to verify the validity and rationality of the method. The layout plan proposed in this study has important theoretical and practical significance for how to achieve the optimal layout of an IES.
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Pagliara, Francesca, Marie Delaplace y Riccardo Cavuoto. "Mixed High-Speed, Conventional and Metro Central Rail Stations as Places to Work: The Case Study of Naples". Open Transportation Journal 10, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2016): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801610010108.
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According to the innovation in services theory any substitution or addition of characteristics to a service is considered as incremental innovation with the objective of improving the final client’s utility. Moreover by service relationship, it is meant the establishment of relationships between the client and the provider with the objective of producing the final product. In the light of this theory stations are here conceived as a set of services and the added characteristics as temporary offices designed inside and around High Speed Rail stations. Therefore, the traditional concept of a station as a node changes since stations can be also considered as workplaces. The objective of this contribution is to identify the characteristics of the clients renting temporary offices and the role of High Speed Rail and more generally transport in this respect. A survey was employed, interviewing clients renting flexible offices inside the Garibaldi station in Naples in Italy. Data were collected concerning the clients’ socioeconomic characteristics, the transport mode chosen to reach these offices and the services used.
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Yang, Teng, Ying Feng Zhang y Jun Qiang Wang. "Intelligent Navigation of Assembly Stations Based on Real-Time Manufacturing Information". Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (septiembre de 2013): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.442.
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In order to improve the real-time control and optimization of assembly process, this article takes the basic execution unitassembly station as the study subject. Based on real-time manufacturing information, the concept of the intelligent navigation of assembly activities is put forward. Through the application of RFID technology to capture the multi-source information, three kinds of navigation services, namely real-time assembly operating guidance service, collaborative manufacturing service among assembly stations and real-time optimization service of task queue, are designed to implement optimal navigation. The presented concept and services will facilitate the real-time data driven process monitor and control between the assembly line and assembly station.
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Sun, Chih-Hong, Chen-Yang Cheng, Cheng-Hui Wang y Po-Huan Hsiao. "Dynamic Floating Stations Model for Emergency Medical Services with a Consideration of Traffic Data". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n.º 5 (20 de mayo de 2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050336.
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To equally distribute the workload and minimize the travel distance for fire departments, we developed a new dynamic floating stations model (DFSM) to target traffic-related emergency medical services (EMS) during peak hours. This study revealed that traffic-related EMS incidents have different characteristics to other EMS incidents. The number of floating stations was determined by the number of available ambulances at a given time. The optimum floating station location was identified by using the given capacity to establish the smallest service radius. In DFSM simulations using floating stations with a capacity of 100 and 150 EMS incidents, the result shows significant improvements in comparison to the current situation.
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Antonowicz, Mirosław y Tomasz Moś. "Management model of railway stations with the focus on sustainable development of public transport". Transport Economics and Logistics 80 (31 de diciembre de 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.80.01.
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The article presents the assumptions of a modern management model of railway stations. In this model, the station is perceived as part of a multimodal hub which includes, besides the building used for passenger’ check-in, also railway platforms, access routes and surrounding infrastructure in the form of public transport stops and parking lots and other facilities. The authors point to the necessity of constructing interchange nodes integrating the station with the urban tissue. The article discusses the issue of categorizing stations and standardizing services at railway stations to best meet the needs of users. The authors point out that innovative solutions are the key condition for improving the quality of stations. The station design process should be linked to the current review and the search for innovations in the field of materials, energy, ICT, architecture and passenger services. An interesting direction for the development of railway stations are services related to the sharing economy, such as co-working, car-sharing and bike-sharing. The article also presents the concept of creating an integrated entity managing the passenger station area, a model of solutions in other European countries.
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Cipriano, Marco, Luca Colomba y Paolo Garza. "A Data-Driven Based Dynamic Rebalancing Methodology for Bike Sharing Systems". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 15 (28 de julio de 2021): 6967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156967.
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Mobility in cities is a fundamental asset and opens several problems in decision making and the creation of new services for citizens. In the last years, transportation sharing systems have been continuously growing. Among these, bike sharing systems became commonly adopted. There exist two different categories of bike sharing systems: station-based systems and free-floating services. In this paper, we concentrate our analyses on station-based systems. Such systems require periodic rebalancing operations to guarantee good quality of service and system usability by moving bicycles from full stations to empty stations. In particular, in this paper, we propose a dynamic bicycle rebalancing methodology based on frequent pattern mining and its implementation. The extracted patterns represent frequent unbalanced situations among nearby stations. They are used to predict upcoming critical statuses and plan the most effective rebalancing operations using an entirely data-driven approach. Experiments performed on real data of the Barcelona bike sharing system show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Mao, Kainan, Yuehong Chen, Guohao Wu, Junwang Huang, Wanying Yang y Zelong Xia. "Measuring Spatial Accessibility of Urban Fire Services Using Historical Fire Incidents in Nanjing, China". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n.º 10 (6 de octubre de 2020): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100585.
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The measurement of spatial accessibility of fire services is a key task in enhancing fire response efficiency and minimizing property losses and deaths. Recently, the two-step floating catchment area method and its modified versions have been widely applied. However, the circle catchment areas used in these methods are not suitable for measuring the accessibility of fire services because each fire station is often responsible for the fire incidents within its coverage. Meanwhile, most existing methods take the demographic data and their centroids of residential areas as the demands and locations, respectively, which makes it difficult to reflect the actual demands and locations of fire services. Thus, this paper proposes a fixed-coverage-based two-step floating catchment area (FC2SFCA) method that takes the fixed service coverage of fire stations as the catchment area and the locations and dispatched fire engines of historical fire incidents as the demand location and size, respectively, to measure the spatial accessibility of fire services. Using a case study area in Nanjing, China, the proposed FC2SFCA and enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) are employed to measure and compare the spatial accessibility of fire incidents and fire stations. The results show that (1) the spatial accessibility across Nanjing, China is unbalanced, with relatively high spatial accessibility in the areas around fire stations and the southwest and northeast at the city center area and relatively low spatial accessibility in the periphery and boundary of the service coverage areas and the core of the city center; (2) compared with E2SFCA, FC2SFCA is less influenced by other fire stations and provides greater actual fire service accessibility; (3) the spatial accessibility of fire services is more strongly affected by the number of fire incidents than firefighting capabilities, the area of service coverage, or the average number of crossroads (per kilometer). Suggestions are then made to improve the overall spatial access to fire services.
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Sidorchuk, Roman, Anastasia Lukina, Ilya Markin, Stanislav Korobkov, Natalia Ivashkova, Sergey Mkhitaryan y Irina Skorobogatykh. "Influence of Passenger Flow at the Station Entrances on Passenger Satisfaction Amid COVID-19". Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, n.º 4 (16 de noviembre de 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040150.
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Railway stations are centers of mass accumulation of people. Additional regulations change the intensity of the flow of visitors and the time of entering the station. Delays become an essential factor affecting the perceived satisfaction with all services at stations. This paper analyzes the impact of the intensity of passenger flow in the key areas of the station (entrance groups) on the satisfaction of visitors with station functioning (by the example of Moscow railway stations). The authors of the paper used methods of observation to measure the current passenger flows at the entrances to the station and also collected secondary data on transport flows at city railway stations. To predict passenger flow, the authors used statistical methods to assess the relationship between variables and regression. The paper used a survey of passengers to analyze satisfaction with the functioning of railway station facilities and assess the acceptable delay time at the entrance/exit to the station. The article substantiates that in the context of current requirements for transport security, an important factor for perceived satisfaction with station services is the forecasting and management of passenger flows and control of time of entering the station.
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Kikuchi, Hidehiko y Goro Kawagoe. "6. VOD Services of TV Stations". Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 71, n.º 11 (2017): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.71.806.
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Monsuur, Fredrik, Marcus Enoch, Mohammed Quddus y Stuart Meek. "Impact of Train and Station Types on Perceived Quality of Rail Service". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2648, n.º 1 (enero de 2017): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2648-06.
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This paper highlights the impact of train and station types in the evaluation of service quality. A range of relevant trip and sociodemographic factors was taken into account. A partial constrained proportional odds model (an extension of the ordered logit model) was applied to data extracted from the 32nd wave of the National Rail Passenger Survey conducted in spring 2015. This survey constituted about 30,000 trip-level observations of passenger satisfaction with rail services across Great Britain. The results indicated that the impact of train type on service quality was significant. With regard to the type of train services, the modeling results indicated that high-speed rail, long-distance rail, interurban rail, and, especially, open-access operators were more likely to have satisfied customers as compared with commuter and rural railway services. With regard to stations, users of the smallest station category were more likely to be satisfied than users of larger stations, but other station types did not significantly affect satisfaction. Delays had a significant negative impact on satisfaction levels. With regard to passenger segments, respondents in the oldest age category were more likely to be satisfied than respondents in the youngest age category, and commuters were less likely to be satisfied than respondents on a business or leisure trip. Overall, these results show how train operating companies might best focus their efforts on improving passenger satisfaction according to train type, station type, trip stage, and user segment.
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Yang, Liu, Liu, Liu y Gan. "Comprehensive Public Transport Service Accessibility Index—A New Approach Based on Degree Centrality and Gravity Model". Sustainability 11, n.º 20 (12 de octubre de 2019): 5634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205634.
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: Public transport accessibility (PTA) is an essential index for evaluating the efficiency of urban public transport resource and public service. Improving public transport accessibility is considered as the most effective way of alleviating urban congestion and promoting urban sustainability. PTA can be divided into three types, which are access to stations, accessibility of networks and access to activities. This paper focuses on evaluating access to public transport service at stations, considering walking time to stations and waiting time for services at stations. Numerous studies have been carried out on evaluating the accessibility of public transport stations. When building accessibility evaluation model, rare has seen different public transport modes as an integrated system. Hence the topological structure and geometrical layout of the system are not considered. In this paper, factors like the configuration of the public transport system and the surrounding environment of stations are included for the evaluation. The centrality of station index (COS) is presented to describe the importance of stations in the integrated public transport system. The COS index is an improved combination of the gravity model and degree centrality index of the complex network. This index improves the degree centrality index by replacing the number of nodes with weighted connections between stations. By modeling public transport operation, configuration and surroundings of stations, a comprehensive public transport service accessibility index (CPTAI) is formulated to quantify accessibility at the community level. To compute this index, a network analysis model is firstly applied to find the nearest station for each point of interest (POI) by using ArcGIS desktop 10.2, and the transport service frequency at the nearest station is measured. Then Baidu Map API is employed to measure the impedance indexes between stations in the integrated public transport network. Activities covered by stations within a given distance are seen as the generation and attraction of trips in between the stations. Then a weighted gravity model and COS is presented to calculate the integrated service frequency (ISF) for each POI afterward. In the end, the index is converted to the community level, which is CPTAI. The experiment is carried out in Wuhan metropolitan area, Hubei, China. Smart card data (SCD) is utilized to evaluate CPTAI and examine the association between commuting trips by public transport and accessibility level within Wuhan metropolitan area. Experimental results show that CPTAI has a significant statistical association with trips by public transport.
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Widyastuti, Hera, Dio Hananda Ziantono, Frans de Jesus Babo, Jimi Amijaya y Rizal Zafikhal Biad Sektyoko. "Identification of feeder service in every station on serving Jenggala Train". MATEC Web of Conferences 181 (2018): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818107004.
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Optimum performance of station affects on the level of service to the consumer that is train service users. The consumers of station or train always want to have appropriate services, from purchasing ticket in ticket counter until waiting for the train to board or arrive. But, based on earlier research, there were still much candidate of passengers looking for information about transportation upon arrival on the station. The purpose of the writing is to evaluate performance and get hints to make some improvements. While, for intermodal analysis of whole railway stations serving KRD Jenggala has been integrated with nearby terminal through the service of feeder that is Lyn.
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Muslina, Muslina. "Implementasi Teknologi Informasi untuk Meningkatan Mutu Layanan Perpustakaan". Al-Ma'mun: Jurnal Kajian Kepustakawanan dan Informasi 1, n.º 1 (31 de julio de 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/jkki.v1i1.4051.
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Library services in this case the library services include circulation services, reference services, journal / magazine services, multimedia services, internet services and computer stations. These services must follow technological developments in providing information in accordance with the needs of users. IT in libraries is often a benchmark of progress and modernization of a library. The goal of information technology in improving service quality is easy, fast and accurate access through telecommunications networks (LAN, WAN , and internet). This article tries to explain what and how the implementation of information technology to improve the quality of library services. The conclusion is the implementation of information technology in improving the quality of library services is the application of technology used in conveying and processing information to improve quality or standards that must be achieved in the main activities in each library. services such as application to circulation services, reference services, periodical journal or magazine services, multimedia or audio-visual services, internet and computer station services, security services and procurement services.
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Savu, Tom, Bogdan Alexandru Jugravu y Daniel Dunea. "On the Development of a PM2.5 Monitoring Network for Real-time Measurements in Urban Environments". Revista de Chimie 68, n.º 4 (15 de mayo de 2017): 796–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.4.5555.
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A monitoring network system was designed and developed to be deployed in two Romanian cities during the ROkidAIR project for measuring in real time the PM2.5 concentrations. The system comprises 8 stations that were built following the successful design and testing of a PM2.5 optical instrument prototype. The System�s Web services, the data acquisition from the monitoring stations, and the data sending to a GIS-integrated geoportal that includes a decision support system, were firstly evaluated for testing their effectiveness and for eventually defining necessary corrections. After describing the station�s structure and the Web services� main functions, the paper presents data about the most important measured operating parameters of the stations, results from data processing, and conclusions for further developments. Preliminary information collected from a reference gravimetric sampler installed for data inter-comparison with the developed stations is also presented.
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Erden, T. y M. Z. Coşkun. "Multi-criteria site selection for fire services: the interaction with analytic hierarchy process and geographic information systems". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, n.º 10 (8 de octubre de 2010): 2127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2127-2010.
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Abstract. This study combines AHP and GIS to provide decision makers with a model to ensure optimal site location(s) for fire stations selected. The roles of AHP and GIS in determining optimal locations are explained, criteria for site selection are outlined, and case study results for finding the optimal fire station locations in Istanbul, Turkey are included. The city of Istanbul has about 13 million residents and is the largest and most populated city in Turkey. The rapid and constant growth of Istanbul has resulted in the increased number of fire related cases. Fire incidents tend to increase year by year in parallel with city expansion, population and hazardous material facilities. Istanbul has seen a rise in reported fire incidents from 12 769 in 1994 to 30 089 in 2009 according to the interim report of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Department of Fire Brigade. The average response time was approximately 7 min 3 s in 2009. The goal of this study is to propose optimal sites for new fire station creation to allow the Fire Brigade in Istanbul to reduce the average response time to 5 min or less. After determining the necessity of suggesting additional fire stations, the following steps are taken into account: six criteria are considered in this analysis. They are: High Population Density (HPD); Proximity to Main Roads (PMR); Distance from Existing Fire Stations (DEF); Distance from Hazardous Material Facilities (DHM); Wooden Building Density (WBD); and Distance from the Areas Subjected to Earthquake Risk (DER). DHM criterion, with the weight of 40%, is the most important criterion in this analysis. The remaining criteria have a weight range from 9% to 16%. Moreover, the following steps are performed: representation of criterion map layers in GIS environment; classification of raster datasets; calculating the result raster map (suitability map for potential fire stations); and offering a model that supports decision makers in selecting fire station sites. The existing 35 fire stations are used and 17 fire stations are newly suggested in the study area.
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Zhou, Li, Peiliang Liu, Sijia Liu, Zhou Lan, Shuyi Shen, Feifei Sun y Yongxiu He. "Bidding strategy of pumped storage power station in spot market considering different optimization periods". E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019401009.
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Pumped storage power station has multiple functions, such as alleviating the contradiction between peak and valley, to ensure the safe and economic operation of power grid. In the non market stage, pumped storage power stations mainly obey the system operator’s scheduling. In the market stage, pumped storage power stations in China are likely to participate in the competitive power market and provide peak power, frequency regualtion and recovery services. The paper studies the bidding strategies of the pumped storage power stations participating in the power market, and provides decision support for the pumped storage power stations to maximize market returns.
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Eurich, Johannes. "Die Bahnhofsmission als kirchlicher Ort im Bahnhof". Evangelische Theologie 81, n.º 4 (29 de julio de 2021): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/evth-2021-810407.
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Abstract Railway stations are special places and important elements in urban life. They exist in a dual function of place and node, which is reflected in their service structure. In the station, the station mission provides support and assistance for people in certain life situations. This raises the question of the connection of the station mission as a social service to the church. The place of the »in-between« could hold a development potential for the interaction of parishes and new church places. The railway station mission could, thus, move from a marginal position in the church to a node in the network of church services. At the same time, as an explorative field for inclusion, it could contribute important experiences to inclusion processes.
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Bellet, Carmen. "Peripheral High-Speed Rail Stations in Spain". Open Transportation Journal 10, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2016): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801610010045.
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A peripheral, or city-edge, location is relatively common for new HSR stations in small and medium-sized cities and less densely populated areas. In Spain, mainly as a result of local and regional pressure, only 9 of the 35 station (Desember 2015) with HSR services are peripherally located. This paper analyses the urban planning and development local strategies that have been undertaken around peripheral HSR stations in Spain. Peripherally located HSR stations cannot be analysed as a single typology because they respond to different territorial logics and have different characteristics. However, identifying different typologies helps to understand the characteristics and territorial functions that different stations perform. The second part of the paper analyses: the local planning and development strategies employed around HSR stations which are related to their territorial contexts; the specific characteristics of each station; and the different strategies employed by stakeholders. Governance seems a fundamental issue in the case of peripheral stations because they need coordinated actions to overcome the main challenges that they face, most of which are related to their territorial integration and external accessibility.
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Shipman, Rob, Julie Waldron, Sophie Naylor, James Pinchin, Lucelia Rodrigues y Mark Gillott. "Where Will You Park? Predicting Vehicle Locations for Vehicle-to-Grid". Energies 13, n.º 8 (14 de abril de 2020): 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081933.
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Vehicle-to-grid services draw power or curtail demand from electric vehicles when they are connected to a compatible charging station. In this paper, we investigated automated machine learning for predicting when vehicles are likely to make such a connection. Using historical data collected from a vehicle tracking service, we assessed the technique’s ability to learn and predict when a fleet of 48 vehicles was parked close to charging stations and compared this with two moving average techniques. We found the ability of all three approaches to predict when individual vehicles could potentially connect to charging stations to be comparable, resulting in the same set of 30 vehicles identified as good candidates to participate in a vehicle-to-grid service. We concluded that this was due to the relatively small feature set and that machine learning techniques were likely to outperform averaging techniques for more complex feature sets. We also explored the ability of the approaches to predict total vehicle availability and found that automated machine learning achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 91.4%. Such technology would be of value to vehicle-to-grid aggregation services.
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Chen, Yangrong, June Li, Qiuyu Lu, Hai Lin, Yu Xia y Fuyang Li. "Cyber Security for Multi-Station Integrated Smart Energy Stations: Architecture and Solutions". Energies 14, n.º 14 (15 de julio de 2021): 4287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144287.
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Multi-station integration is motivated by the requirements of distributed energies interconnection and improvements in the efficiency of energy systems. Due to the diversity of communication services and the complexity of data exchanges between in-of-station and out-of-station, multi-station integrated systems have high security requirements. However, issues related to cyber security for multi-station integrated systems are seldom explored. Hence, this paper designs the secondary system architecture and proposes cyber security protection solutions for smart energy stations (SESt) that integrate the substation, photovoltaic station, energy storage station, electric vehicle charging station, and data center station. Firstly, the composition of SESt and functions of each substation are presented, a layered architecture of SESt is designed, and data exchanges of SESt are analyzed. Then, the cyber security threats and requirements of SESt are illustrated. Moreover, the cyber security protection principle and a cyber security protection system for SESt are proposed. On this basis, a security zoning and isolation scheme for SESt is designed. Finally, a traffic isolation scheme based on virtual local area networks (VLANs), a real-time guarantee scheme for communications based on service priority, and an enhancing cyber security scheme based on improved IEC 62351 are proposed for SESt.
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Prijo Sembodo, Budi y Haris Atmajaya. "Design of Smart Fuel Station and Management System Based on Arduino and Internet of Things". BEST : Journal of Applied Electrical, Science, & Technology 3, n.º 1 (15 de marzo de 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/best.vol3.no1.3534.
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Patrol that is distributed to the public must meet the requirement for the quality, quantity and continuity. Pertamina as one of the companies that is responsible for the distribution of patrol to the public through gas stations and must have competent management and services. However, problems arise in the community and even companies in controlling fuel consumption and queues for sales services at gas stations. One solution is to use a station that is connected to smartphone wirelessly and a cashless.
Through the "Smart Fuel Station and Management System Based on Arduino and Internet Of Things", that will be able to help the community and companies in controlling their fuel consumtion and making savings. This monitoring tool uses the Arduino ESP8266 which is combined with Internet of Things (IoT) Technology which is displayed on the LCD and the Internet Web. Customers can purchase the patrol at gas stations independently, by connecting the smartphone application with the gas station wireless and purchase and make payments through the application. By having top up the balance on the application to be able to make purchases as needed and the balance will continue to decrease according to usage. The fuel filling station will issue it according to the nominal or the number of liters we choose in the application. Customers can view detailed fuel purchase for place, date, time, amount and total balance.
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Boot, N. L. D. y R. E. Scott. "Faecal sludge in Accra, Ghana: problems of urban provision". Water Science and Technology 60, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2009): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.441.
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Urban on-site sanitation services present challenges for emptying, transporting, disposing and treating faecal waste. Transfer stations can be used by household-level emptiers to safely dispose of faecal sludge, but they rarely exist. Accra's use of transfer stations has provided an opportunity to research their functioning, as part of broader faecal sludge management arrangements. The paper discusses the benefits offered by use of transfer stations, as well as reasons currently limiting their operation. While costs associated with operating and emptying these stations are passed to householders, an illegal sector thrives offering lower cost emptying services, typically with disposal of faecal sludge directly into the environment. At present, bucket latrines offer sanitation services to low-income households unable to afford higher service levels, such as septic tanks. The local government aims to phase-out all bucket latrines by 2010, but affordable alternatives have not been found. Where limited access to land inhibits investment in permanent facilities, families may abandon household sanitation altogether. The paper concludes that correct use of transfer stations can provide improvements for existing faecal sludge management and reduce indiscriminate dumping. They must be made available to all workers, through effective public-private arrangements for ownership and operation.
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Puttipakorn, Pakachart y Prapatpong Upala. "Comparative Analysis of Environmental Graphic Design for Wayfinding on the Exit Patterns of Mass Transit Stations". Open Transportation Journal 12, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2018): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18744478018120100150.
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Introduction:The quality of transit services has long been recognized as a significant factor affecting passenger behavior and station quality. The objective of this paper was to compare the environmental graphic designs for passengers’ decision to choose walking ways in subway stations of Bangkok Metropolis, Thailand.Methods:It uses the multi-stage sampling approach at various forms of station entries-exits and traffic statistics of service usage by passengers. The forms of station entries-exits can be divided into four types: 1) Silom Station (2-way exits), 2) Sukhumvit Station (3-way exits), 3) Huai Khwang Station (4-way exits), and 4) Phahon Yothin Station (5-way exits). Questionnaires were used to collect data from 445 passengers, using Likert Scale and t-test/ANOVA. The comparative analysis of directional signs was conducted with three factors as follows; 1) signs with 1-point location, 2) signs with 2-point locations, and 3) signs with 3-point locations.Results:The results found the signs with 2-point locations could provide additional information about the places and were suitable for the general environment of all stations. However, when adding further information about the places on the signs with 3-point locations, some limitations were found regarding the passengers’ need for location information with a complex physical environment of the station. Also, when considering the passengers’ attributes and behaviors, it was found that they also affected the environmental graphic design significantly.Conclusion:The research findings can be used as information for the environmental graphic designers to develop wayfinding system to improve for passengers’ travelling in mass transit stations.
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Zhang, Hu, Shuzhi Zhao, Yang Cao, Huasheng Liu y Shidong Liang. "Real-Time Integrated Limited-Stop and Short-Turning Bus Control with Stochastic Travel Time". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2960728.
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In a traditional transit system, passenger arrival time and bus running time are typically random and uncoordinated. This randomness gives the appearance of unbalanced passenger demand and unreliable transit services. Therefore, this paper proposes a real-time control method for bus routes. In our method, buses skip some stations and turn back at appropriate stations, in order to balance passenger demand along the bus route and improve the overall transit service. Our real-time control method considers the typical changes in passenger demand and the stochastic travel time of buses. In this paper, the number of controlled vehicles at any given time is determined, and the bus holding time at the turn-back station is adopted. When implemented correctly, the optimal scheme indicates which stations should be skipped, where it is suitable for buses to turn back, and how long the holding time should be at turn-back stations, which in turn will minimize the total cost of a transit system. This paper formulates such an integrated strategy, presents the solution method of the formulation, and proves the validity of the real-time control method.
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Oña, Rocío De, Laura Eboli y Gabriella Mazzulla. "KEY FACTORS AFFECTING RAIL SERVICE QUALITY IN THE NORTHERN ITALY: A DECISION TREE APPROACH". TRANSPORT 29, n.º 1 (25 de marzo de 2014): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.898216.
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This work concerns with the analysis of transit service quality on the basis of the perceptions directly expressed by the passengers of the services. The transit services supporting the research are offered by rail operators of the Northern Italy, and particularly by regional and suburban lines connecting different towns of the hinterland of the city of Milan, and express lines connecting Milan with the Malpensa airport. The experimental data were collected in a survey conducted in May 2012, and addressed to a sample of more than 16,000 passengers. Passengers expressed their opinions about service characteristics such as safety, cleanliness, comfort, information, personnel. The tool chosen for evaluating service quality is a Classification and Regression Tree Approach (CART), useful for identifying the characteristics mostly influencing the overall service quality. We found that service characteristics like ‘Windows and Doors Working’, ‘Courtesy and Competence on Board’, ‘Information at Stations’, ‘Punctuality of Runs’, ‘Courtesy and Competence in Station’ and ‘Regularity of Runs’ mainly influence service quality.
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Zielińska, Edyta. "Determinants of demand for services offered at gas stations". AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2018): 840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.509.
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This article describes factors that affect the demand for services offered at the gas stations in Poland. Main types of gas stations that operate within the country are listed and characterised. It is also determined which gas stations are the most popular among the customers and which services rendered are the most important for the consumers. To decide which facilities providing technical re-sources for automotive sector in terms of distribution of, among others, gasoline, diesel fuel and biofuels are best, major oil and gas corporations, i.e. PKN ORLEN, BP and Grupa LOTOS are analysed. The main criteria of assessment of these corporations is information that allows to compare the number of their gas stations, prices of liquid fuel and LP gas and additional services, i.e. fuel cards.
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Miller, Joshua y Jenny Lumley-Holmes. "EP12 Using electronic patient record (EPR) routine data to inform decisions about which ambulance stations should participate in randomised controlled trials". Emergency Medicine Journal 38, n.º 9 (19 de agosto de 2021): A6.1—A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2021-999.12.
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BackgroundTimely recruitment of patients to randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is vital to delivering high-quality, cost-effective research, but RCTs often fail to meet recruitment targets, or meet them more slowly than planned. Ambulance services using electronic patient records (EPR) may be able to use this data to better inform decisions about which sites should participate in future RCTs.MethodsWe used off-the-shelf business intelligence software to examine electronic patient records for all emergency and urgent cases within one English ambulance service for the 287 days 1st January 2020 to 13th October 2020. We adapted inclusion criteria from an upcoming RCT and applied it to this dataset: patient age; trauma mechanism; IV morphine administered. These potentially eligible cases were then displayed by ambulance station, an approximate daily rate per station calculated, and this rate applied to the RCT recruitment period of 304 days. This gave a potentially eligible patient population per station. Finally, we applied a patient conversion rate of 20% to estimate how many participants would be recruited from each station, basing this on recent experience of recruitment to another RCT. The RCT target is 111 patients per station.Results783186 records were reviewed, with 7667 of them potentially eligible for the study. When applied to the proposed study period, there is a potential population of 8121 across the 14 stations. Estimated recruitment per station varied (median 100, range 60-209) and with a 20% conversion rate, 9/14 stations would under-recruit.ConclusionsUsing retrospective data from electronic patient records could be a simple, low-cost way to optimise patient recruitment. Other study criteria could be applied easily, as well as differing conversion rates. We identified ambulance stations where patient recruitment would not be likely to reach study targets, helping inform our decisions around stations as potential study settings.
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Cheng, Xiaoyun, Yu Cao, Kun Huang y Yuejiao Wang. "Modeling the Satisfaction of Bus Traffic Transfer Service Quality at a High-Speed Railway Station". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (16 de julio de 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7051789.
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Bus transit is one of the main transfer modes at high-speed railway (HSR) stations. Performing a scientific and reasonable evaluation of the present bus traffic transfer service is highly significant for improving the efficiency of the HSR and increasing the use of the system. This paper focuses on the passengers’ transfer experience and proposes a methodology to evaluate current bus traffic transfer service. Factors that affect passenger satisfaction during the bus transfer process at HSR stations based on the passengers’ perceptions are analyzed by convenience, comfort, safety, service, and economy. A structural equation model (SEM) is developed as an evaluation approach to explore the correlations of bus transfer service, passenger perceived value, and passenger satisfaction. To calibrate the model, a questionnaire survey of passengers transferring to a bus was conducted at Xi’anbei Railway Station. This paper analyzes the relationships between observed variables and latent variables in the measured model, the influences of exogenous variables on endogenous variables in the structural model, and the impact of the passengers’ socioeconomic attributes on passenger satisfaction. Analysis results of the SEM show that economy and convenience are the critical influential indicators of passenger satisfaction, among which bus fare preferential policy and transfer distance are the most significant factors. The findings can provide helpful information for planners and managers to improve the services of existing HSR stations and to guide the planning of new ones.
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Ma, Jian, Siu Ming Lo, Juan Chen y Shao Bo Liu. "Network Based Passenger Flow Modeling for Station Crowdedness Evaluation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (octubre de 2013): 986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.986.
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The pedestrian comfort and safety level in mass transit stations is now attracting more and more attention in the past few years for the reason that the congested pattern in stations resulted from complex pedestrian activities including using the ticket add value machine, buying a ticket, shopping, waiting for services etc. Thus multi-directional pedestrian flows interact with each other and finally formed a relatively complex pedestrian distribution. To evaluate the crowdedness of the station for the convenient of crowd control, the crowded pedestrians are simulated with a heterogeneous network model in combined with a collision avoidance model. Based on the network model, a spatial configuration related station network is constructed, on which pedestrian flow can be formulized. At last, a station flow scenario is simulated and discussed with the formulized model to evaluate the complex activities induced crowdedness in metro station.
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Sarbaev, Vladimir, Adolf Boldin, Veniamin Bogumil y Antonina Chusova. "The method of rational organization of maintenance of light commercial vehicles of foreign production using specialized diagnostic tools at the motor transport company in cooperation with the branded service stations". MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100056.
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The article describes a method of rational organization of maintenance and repair of light commercial vehicles of foreign production using specialized diagnostic tools with the diagnosis in cooperation with branded service stations (BSS). The main purpose of using technical diagnostics tools is to reduce the time losses that occur when sending vehicles for maintenance, and to reduce the cost of maintenance and repair of foreign-made trucks undergoing maintenance and repair at a motor transport company (MTC) and at branded service stations. A simulation model is used as a tool for assessing the economic efficiency of various options for cooperation between a motor transport enterprise and a branded service station when performing maintenance and repair of light commercial vehicles of foreign production. The objective function of the simulation model contains components that estimate the loss of profit from the downtime of vehicles in the maintenance and repair area and the cost of organizing maintenance at the enterprise in cooperation with the company’s service station. A comparative analysis of each variant of the organization of cooperation is carried out with and without taking into account the use of diagnostics. The currentness of the described methodology is explained by the fact that in the field of production of services for maintenance and repair of light commercial vehicles, fundamental changes have occurred, caused by a change in the form of ownership of both transport enterprises and maintenance and repair enterprises. In addition, the widespread use of foreign-made light trucks has led to the emergence of branded service stations that have licenses to service and repair foreign cars during the warranty period. This circumstance fundamentally changes the scheme of servicing these vehicles and increases the downtime of expensive foreign-made cars for organizational reasons.
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Sidorchuk, Roman, Irina Skorobogatykh, Anastasia Lukina, Sergey Mkhitaryan y Anastasia Stukalova. "Access to the Rail Station as a Customer Value: Simulation of Passenger Flows in Rail Stations with Disinfection Gateway Installations". Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, n.º 4 (21 de octubre de 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040122.
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This research applied secondary data collection methods to predict passenger flows, which involved analyzing traffic flows at rail stations and statistical methods, which involved assessing the relationship between variables and regression. Observation methods were used to measure current passenger flows at the rail station entrances. Passengers’ safety perception was assessed to understand the customer value of transport services. This assessment was based on an online survey, an analysis of official requests from passengers to the station directorates, and feedback from passengers and station visitors posted on the Internet. Traditional and content analysis methods were used to study passengers’ requests and feedbacks. It was substantiated that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the concept of transportation security and the role of health safety as a customer value in passenger service have become more prominent. The possibility for passenger flow simulation to ensure people’s safe passage through a disinfection gateway is clearly shown. Public space management structures in transportation hubs can use the simulation results of this paper to solve the problem of passenger flow control along with installation of disinfection gateways at the station entrances for additional security. This is one of the few studies that explores the impact of using disinfection gateways to manage passenger flows in train stations.
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Gorrini, Andrea, Rawad Choubassi, Federico Messa, Wafaa Saleh, Augustus Ababio-Donkor, Maria Chiara Leva, Lorraine D’Arcy, Francesco Fabbri, David Laniado y Pablo Aragón. "Unveiling Women’s Needs and Expectations as Users of Bike Sharing Services: The H2020 DIAMOND Project". Sustainability 13, n.º 9 (7 de mayo de 2021): 5241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095241.
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Within the objectives of the H2020 DIAMOND project, the paper investigates women’s needs and expectations as users of the bike-sharing service managed by Syndicat Mixte Autolib et Velib Métropole in the territory of Paris Region-Petite Couronne (France). The paper presents a thematic literature review focused on gender inclusion in bike-sharing schemes. The proposed methodological approach is based on (i) Geographic Information Systems for the analysis of geolocated open datasets related to land, sociodemographic and mobility characteristics of the areas surrounding each docking stations. This was aimed at identifying a short list of suitable bike-sharing docking stations, which were further characterized through: (ii) structured proprietary data focused on travel demand; (iii) onsite observations focused on universal design indicators; (iv) survey questionnaires focused on women’s concerns, needs and expectations; and (v) social media data from Twitter focused on the opinion of the end-users. Results showed that women use the VELIB’s bike-sharing service much less than men (about 30% of the total number of users), since they are more concerned about the following issues: accessibility (e.g., availability of bikes at the docking stations, distance to the nearest station, type and quality of the cycle paths); safety and security (e.g., perception of danger and insecurity while cycling and using the current bicycle infrastructures); social constraints (e.g., perceptions and cultural stigmatization associated with cycling and bike-sharing); weather and topography (e.g., impact of weather and the urban terrain on cycling and bike-sharing). The final aim of the H2020 DIAMOND project is to support the definition of guidelines and policies for the inclusion of women’s needs in the design of future bike-sharing services.
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Shi, Yu Qing y Yue Long Zhu. "The Application of Wireless Sensor Network and Middleware in the Internet of Things". Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (septiembre de 2013): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.611.
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Thanks to the sensors Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) nodes are provided with, and to their offer capabilities and ubiquity, these networks become extremely suitable for many applications that conventional wireless or cabled networks are unable to handle. One of these still underdeveloped applications is monitoring hydrologic stations. This is an especially interesting application regarding their water level or rainfall, for any detected hazardous parameter can be notified not only to the hydrologic station as a warning, but also to any third party that may be helpful under critical circumstances, such as related hydrologic stations or water conservancy department. We build and deploy a system to monitor the water level data from gauge stations in the Taihu Lake. Along with our middleware developed, sensors have been deployed by uses of several nodes conducting as the nodes of a WSN. The hydrologic data extracted from the environment, combined with the information get from the hydrologic station, will constitute the basis of the services that can be achieved.
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Mitsakis, Evangelos, Iraklis Stamos, Jose Maria Salanova Grau y Georgia Aifadopoulou. "Optimal allocation of emergency response services for managing disasters". Disaster Prevention and Management 23, n.º 4 (29 de julio de 2014): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-10-2013-0182.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present and apply a methodology that optimally assigns emergency response services (ERS) stations in Peloponnesus, Greece that was severely hit by wildfires in 2007, in an effort to describe the actual emergency response in this disaster and identify disaster management possibilities that can arise from the optimal allocation of the existing fire stations. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology concerns the development of an objective function that aims to minimize maximum and average response times of ERS stations and the evaluation of developed scenarios. Simulated annealing is used for the minimization of the objective function, providing near-optimal solutions with low computation times for medium-scale networks. Findings – The findings concern the comparison of average and maximum response times of ERS stations to hearths of fire, based on their actual and optimal allocation. They reveal an overall reduction in the average and maximum response time by 20 and 30 percent, respectively, for the entire region, while there is a reduction of 15 and 35 percent in the average and maximum response time for the locations affected by the 2007 wildfires. Research limitations/implications – The methodology is formulated as a facility location problem with unitary demand and unlimited capacity in the stations, which means that the allocation does not take into account simultaneous events. Originality/value – The paper fulfills an identified need to apply innovative research solutions to actual case studies in order to identify existing gaps and future disaster management possibilities.
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Taki, Herika Muhamad, Mohamed Mahmoud H. Maatouk y Emad Mohammed Qurnfulah. "Re-Assessing TOD index in Jakarta Metropolitan Region (JMR)". Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 1, n.º 01 (10 de junio de 2017): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v1i01.346.
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Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is believed to be able to overcome the issues of urban transport. However, in practice, the current TOD in Jakarta Metropolitan Region (JMR) is still a deficiency in accommodating the needs of transportation movement and not in facilitating services in terms of TOD function. The objective of this paper was to re-assess the service quality of actual TOD in 54 commuter railway stations. The paper performed criteria-indicators and measured a composite TOD index by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-multicriteria model, statistics test, and Geographical Information System (GIS) application. TOD index was found that urban areas have a high TOD index. On the other hand, the suburban areas have a low TOD-index. The statistical test showed that there was a strong correlation between different criteria. This paper concluded that most of the stations which were located in the suburban area had a low index thus need improvement. Consequently, the station areas needed to have a policy relevance.
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Kadum Al-Addal, Samera Ibrahim. "Train Stations Spatial and Technological Challenges in Iraq: A Case Study". Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, n.º 4 (11 de abril de 2021): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.546.
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Innovation has two key levers: the capacity to consider and predict consumer desires, on the one hand, and the building of collaboration between the economic environment, metropolitan players, and knowledge and development actors, somewhere else. Innovation is not just technical, and it disrupts traditions and station partners' aspirations and perceptions: planners, administrators, consumers or clients, and causes a change in locations and uses. The expansion of the rail network in Iraq is renewing station sites, especially in Iraq, which, at the cost of medium-sized cities between these cities, prefer the logic of productivity-focused on express services between major cities. On the field, this alternative translates into two styles of stations that are central base stations for significant towns, and medium- and small-town terminals—establishing stations benefits from an interconnected phase of all spatial organization types. Suppose we research the decision phase that led to the establishment of train stations in Iraq. In that case, we find that this option and construction strategies are a mixture of component elements according to the area details served and actors' strategies. Most chosen sites result from deep relationships between global, regional, and local reasoning.
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Zhu, Zhenjun, Xiucheng Guo, Jun Zeng y Shengrui Zhang. "Route Design Model of Feeder Bus Service for Urban Rail Transit Stations". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1090457.
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As an important part of urban public transportation systems, the feeder bus fills a service gap left by rail transit, effectively extending the range of rail transit’s service and solving the problem of short-distance travel and interchanges. By defining the potential demand of feeder bus services and considering its relationship with the traffic demands of corresponding staging areas, the distance between road and rail transit, and the repetition factor of road bus lines, this paper established a potential demand model of roads by opening feeder bus services and applying a logit model for passenger flow distribution. Based on a circular route model, a route starting and ending at urban rail transit stations was generated, and a genetic algorithm was then applied to solve it. The Wei-Fang community of Shanghai was selected as the test area. Per the model and algorithm, the feeder route length was conformed to a functional orientation of short-distance travel and the feeder service of a feeder bus; the route mostly covered where conventional bus lines were fewer, which is a finding that is in agreement with the actual situation; the feasibility of the model and algorithm was verified.
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Felski, Andrzej y Aleksander Nowak. "Local Monitoring of EGNOS Services". Annual of Navigation 19, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2012): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10367-012-0003-y.
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Abstract Any SBAS system, as soon as it is permanently monitored by Earth stations, should deliver to the users correct information about quality of the augmented system. According to many sources of information, among them observations of authors, present accuracy of EGNOS service has accuracy about 1,5m (95%), but availability of the service is still controversial. First of all the quality of the system is guaranteed only inside the border of the system coverage which still do not affect all territory of European Union, however observed accuracy at times is better outside this area than next door to the RIMS station. In addition there are evidences that availability has random character and essential differences as well as lack of correlation of this parameter in the different point of observations has been observed. So in author’s opinion Local Monitoring of EGNOS service can contribute to better confidence of local users, especially in critical operations, like for example berthing of big ships or landing operations with EGNOS procedures. The example of EGNOS monitor which is working in real time and performed by the authors will be presented
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Malinowski, Marcin y Janusz Kwiecień. "A Comparative Study of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) Accuracy Using Online Services". Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 102, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2016-0025.
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Abstract Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a technique used to determine the position of receiver antenna without communication with the reference station. It may be an alternative solution to differential measurements, where maintaining a connection with a single RTK station or a regional network of reference stations RTN is necessary. This situation is especially common in areas with poorly developed infrastructure of ground stations. A lot of research conducted so far on the use of the PPP technique has been concerned about the development of entire day observation sessions. However, this paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of accuracy of absolute determination of position from observations which last between 1 to 7 hours with the use of four permanent services which execute calculations with PPP technique such as: Automatic Precise Positioning Service (APPS), Canadian Spatial Reference System Precise Point Positioning (CSRS-PPP), GNSS Analysis and Positioning Software (GAPS) and magicPPP - Precise Point Positioning Solution (magicGNSS). On the basis of acquired results of measurements, it can be concluded that at least two-hour long measurements allow acquiring an absolute position with an accuracy of 2-4 cm. An evaluation of the impact on the accuracy of simultaneous positioning of three points test network on the change of the horizontal distance and the relative height difference between measured triangle vertices was also conducted. Distances and relative height differences between points of the triangular test network measured with a laser station Leica TDRA6000 were adopted as references. The analyses of results show that at least two hours long measurement sessions can be used to determine the horizontal distance or the difference in height with an accuracy of 1-2 cm. Rapid products employed in calculations conducted with PPP technique reached the accuracy of determining coordinates on a close level as in elaborations which employ Final products.
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Ørpen, Ole y Henk Zwaan. "Dual Frequency DGPS Service for Combating Ionospheric Interference". Journal of Navigation 54, n.º 1 (enero de 2001): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300001132.
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The 11-year solar sunspot cycle is approaching a maximum in 2000. The sunspot activity causes an increase in the solar flux, charged particles and electromagnetic rays emitted from the Sun. This solar flux affects the ionosphere, thus influencing the transmission of radio waves through the ionosphere. The GPS satellite navigation system is affected in that the transit time of the signals varies, introducing position errors. Also GPS equipment may experience degraded performance in tracking of the GPS satellites due to scintillations, rapidly varying amplitude and phase of the GPS signal. The equatorial and high latitude regions are most severely affected by this increased ionospheric activity. Experience has shown that, in equatorial regions, errors of 10–20 m may be introduced in Differential GPS services, even on distances down to a few hundred kilometres from the reference station. During the peak of the solar cycle, for the next 3–4 years, this situation will rather be the rule than the exception in the affected areas. Fugro has introduced an enhanced real-time DGPS service utilising dual frequency GPS called Starfix-Plus in selected areas. This service removes ionospheric delay errors by calculating the delay using dual frequency GPS receivers on the reference stations and the mobiles. The resulting accuracy is down to a few metres, even using reference stations up to 2000 km away. This increases the availability and redundancy of usable reference stations in a region, increasing the probability that the required accuracy is available, even if individual stations are not available due to scintillations or for other reasons.
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Du, Xiaochuan, Zhenjun Zhu, Junlan Chen, Cong Qi y Xiucheng Guo. "Route Configuration Method for Highway Passenger Hubs from the Perspective of Transportation Integration: A Case Study of Nanjing, China". Symmetry 12, n.º 7 (19 de julio de 2020): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071194.
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As a result of transportation integration, the role of highway passenger transport hubs has changed dramatically; these nodes act as important links to construct a seamless regional comprehensive passenger transport system which reflects the coordination and symmetry of public transportation and the integrated transportation system. In order to optimise the efficiency of transportation organisation and improve the quality of passenger transport services, in this study we developed an optimisation method for the allocation of passenger transport hubs based on the analysis of passenger flow demand and spatial distribution. Configuration models of the departure sites of single-station and multi-station hub lines were established according to the service scope of the stations and the relative generalised travel cost, respectively. The overall optimisation method of the route allocation scheme was proposed by checking and optimising the passenger volume of each station. The developed methodology was successfully validated by applying it to the highway passenger transport hub system of Nanjing, China. The proposed methodology is expected to help management agencies and business operators to optimise existing highway passenger bus lines, thereby improving the quality of their services.
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Jomnonkwao, Sajjakaj, Thanapong Champahom y Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha. "Methodologies for Determining the Service Quality of the Intercity Rail Service Based on Users’ Perceptions and Expectations in Thailand". Sustainability 12, n.º 10 (22 de mayo de 2020): 4259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104259.
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There is a significant need to change people’s travel mode from personal cars to public rail, because rail transport is a more environmentally friendly travel mode. Over the past decade, the number of rail passengers has reduced because of service quality problems. Thus, this study aims to propose guidelines for precise service quality (SQ) improvements of intercity rail services in Thailand. Data were collected from 615 train passengers by distributing questionnaires at train stations in six provinces, covering all regions of Thailand. Cluster analysis (CA), factor analysis (FA), and importance-performance analysis (IPA) were applied in this research, which were used based on gap analysis. As a result of CA and FA, the 45 quality indicators were grouped into four factors, namely, vehicles, staff, services, and infrastructures/stations. The FA results seem more appropriate than those of CA in terms of providing factor loadings that indicate the importance of each indicator. The results of IPA show that the seven indicators that were analyzed fell into the “concentrate here” quadrant. To summarize the current policy, the factor most in need of rapid improvement in order to increase the quality of the intercity rail service in Thailand is that of the train car variables group; on the other hand, the main strength of the current services relates to the services provided by staff.
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Kostenko, M. V. y O. A. Galenchikova. "Implementation of Location-Based Security Services". Mining Industry (Gornay Promishlennost), n.º 6/2020 (29 de diciembre de 2020): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2020-6-100-104.
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The paper discusses the feasibility of implementing a system to prevent personnel from riding a conveyor. This system is based on the data collected by the local positioning system applying the method of distance measurements by the travel time of the ultra-wide band signal. Tests were performed using the SBGPS system produced by Granch Ltd. (Novosibirsk), deployed at the coal mine, for which a site was selected equipped with a belt conveyor and one of the base stations, that supports the tested positioning method. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of this system allows an easy differentiation between the movement of the controlled objects on foot and on top of the conveyor belt. The reaction time of the system is about 5-7 seconds with a stable wireless connection, which requires considering the area of the controlled device relocation as well as possible constraints on deployment of the base stations, i.e. additional requirements for areas with this functionality when deploying the infrastructure.
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Gao, Zhan, Sheng Wei, Lei Wang y Sijia Fan. "Exploring the Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Traditional Public Bicycle Use in Yancheng, China: A Perspective of Time Series Cluster of Stations". Sustainability 12, n.º 16 (7 de agosto de 2020): 6370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166370.
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Traditional dock-based public bicycle systems continue to dominate cycling in most cities, even though bicycle-sharing services are an increasingly popular means of transportation in many of China’s large cities. A few studies investigated the traditional public bicycle systems in small and mid-sized cities in China. The time series clustering method’s advantages for analyzing sequential data used in many transportation-related studies are restricted to time series data, thereby limiting applications to transportation planning. This study explores the characteristics of a typical third-tier city’s public bicycle system (where there is no bicycle-sharing service) using station classification via the time series cluster algorithm and bicycle use data. A dynamic time warping distance-based k-medoids method classifies public bicycle stations by using one-month bicycle use data. The method is further extended to non-time series data after format conversion. The paper identified three clusters of stations and analyzed the relationships between clusters’ features and the stations’ urban environments. Based on points-of-interest data, the classification results were validated using the enrichment factor and the proportional factor. The method developed in this paper can apply to other transportation analysis and the results also yielded relevant strategies for transportation development and planning.
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Ding, Fei, Zitong Ma, Zhiliang Li, Ruoyu Su, Dengyin Zhang y Hongbo Zhu. "A Terminal-Oriented Distributed Traffic Flow Splitting Strategy for Multi-Service of V2X Networks". Electronics 8, n.º 6 (6 de junio de 2019): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060644.
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With the development and the characteristics of terminal services of the 5G (5th-Generation network) Internet of Vehicles (IoVs), this paper proposes a distributed splitting strategy for multi-type services of 5G V2X (Vehicle to X) networks. Based on a service-oriented adaptive splitting strategy in heterogeneous networks, combined with various service types such as communications between the networks, terminal, and base stations, and the value-added services of 5G IoVs, the proposed strategy jointly considers delay and cost as optimization goals. By analyzing the characteristics of the different services, the proposed traffic flow splitting strategy is modeled as an optimization problem to efficiently split services in 5G V2X networks. The simulation results show that by setting the traffic distribution policy for each service, the distributed traffic flow splitting strategy can significantly improve network transmission efficiency and reduce the service costs in a vehicle V2X network.
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Bădău, Florin, Borna Abramović, Angel Ciprian Cormoș y Valentin Iordache. "Management of Urban and Regional Rail: Case Study Bucharest". LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 11, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2020): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2020-0021.
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AbstractThe capital of Romania is the main railway hub of the country. As such, the railway network around the capital is quite extensive, with main cities around it being directly connected by rail. Despite this, there are no regular train services for commuters, similar to other large European cities. This paper aims to analyze the current state of railway passenger transport in the region surrounding Bucharest, to highlight the weaknesses of the network and to present a guideline for the implementation of an efficient commuter service. 100 stations in and around the city were evaluated with regard to their degree of accessibility (DoA), defined as the location of the station relative to the nearest settlement. Train frequency, travel times and journey costs were determined for each line originating in Bucharest. These variables were compared to their road equivalents to highlight the differences between these two modes of transport. Low train frequency and the remoteness of many stations were determined to be the main obstacles in establishing an appropriate commuter service. Reworking future timetables to prioritize commuter trains is proposed as a short-term solution, while line improvements and better integration with existing public transport are set as priorities.
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Wang, Zhiru, Wubin Ma y Albert Chan. "Exploring the Relationships between the Topological Characteristics of Subway Networks and Service Disruption Impact". Sustainability 12, n.º 10 (12 de mayo de 2020): 3960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12103960.
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Although numerous studies have considered the topological characteristics and the impact of disruptions in subway systems, their results have not been verified by empirical data. To address this limitation, we used a data set containing 392 detailed records of disruptions to subway services in Beijing from 2011 to 2017. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis results indicate that the delay duration exhibits no significant relationship with the topological characteristics, whereas the reverse is true for the relationship between the number of affected trains and the topological characteristics. The results also demonstrate that subway network expansion will not result in a paradox between convenience and vulnerability from an actual data perspective. Moreover, contrary to previous research results, no significant relationship was found to exist between service interruption impact and the transit and key bridge stations. However, a high degree of clustering, characterized by redundant tracks between neighbours, tends to provide protection against service disruption for stations. In terms of the spatial variation, the influence of the disruption is greater when the station is further from the centre of the line. These results can support sustainable design in subway network planning.
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Jan, Semjon, Grexa Ján y Mako Peter. "DESIGN OF DOCKING SYSTEM FOR MOBILE ROBOTICS PLATFORM TYPE AGV". TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, n.º 4 (14) (2018): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-4(14)-210-215.
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Urgency of the research. Automatic battery charging of AGV platforms allows you to maximize their potential. Safe and quickly positioning AGVs in a charging station equipped with appropriate contacts, reduces the charging time as well as the purchase price of the device. Target setting. The aim of the solution is to design an automatic docking and charging station from a used hand-held charging station. In the design, it was necessary to ensure the appropriate position of the AGV platform against the docking station. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The issue of fast and reliable charging of mobile service robots is highly up-to-date. The reason for this is the growing deployment of AGV platforms in various industrial or service sectors. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. This article focuses on a specific solution for the provision of transport services. Transport services come from the need to transport medical supplies and medications in a multi-storey hospital building. The movement of the robot between the floors is solved by the use of lifts used by the personal of hospital. The research objective. The aim of the research was to design a docking and charging station utilized an already purchased power-up charger. The design was aimed at creating an appropriate power transmission system between the charger and the AGV platform batteries. The price ceiling for the whole facility was worth € 2,000. The statement of basic materials. The use of docking and charging stations for mobile service robots is dependent on a number of parameters. In particular, the parameters depend on the area of use, the size of the battery to be charged, and the amount of robots being recharged at the station. Last but not least, charging time and purchase price are also important. Conclusions. The task of the solution was to design a docking station design for the AGV platform. At the beginning, three variants were created, from which the most appropriate solution was chosen using the scoring method. However, before designing the docking station design, it was necessary to modify the existing AGV platform construction so that it could be connected to the docking station charging mechanism. The design of the docking station itself consisted of the design of the charging and charging mechanism. These mechanisms provide charge and guidance of the AGV platform to the docking station. Mechanisms are not dependent on each other, since the charging mechanism is activated later than the drive mechanism. Subsequently, a design of the docking station, which can be anchored to the floor or to the wall, was created. At the docking station there is a charger from Hoppecke, which provides the AGV platform charging. The design dimensions of the docking station have been greatly influenced by the size of the above-mentioned charger. It has been found that new and better technologies will not be needed at the docking stations in the future, as AGV platforms can be guided without their help. The development of new and better quality systems will bring new guidance options to AGV platforms and docking stations.