Tesis sobre el tema "SGI"

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-26T13:12:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLRGJO.pdf: 3852760 bytes, checksum: 5445a0375f68a6c02195ac1a5004d33b (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T18:44:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLRGJO.pdf: 3852760 bytes, checksum: 5445a0375f68a6c02195ac1a5004d33b (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T18:44:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLRGJO.pdf: 3852760 bytes, checksum: 5445a0375f68a6c02195ac1a5004d33b (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T18:44:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLRGJO.pdf: 3852760 bytes, checksum: 5445a0375f68a6c02195ac1a5004d33b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-21<br>Não recebi financiamento<br>The number of Building Companies that searches for a certification of their Quality Management Systems (SGQ’s) has risen in recent years, focused mainly on ISO 9001 and PBQP-H. The same trend has been occurring with regard to Management Systems of Environmental, Safety and Health at work in view of the current global socio economic outlook. Although companies suffer a number of difficulties during the process of implementation and certification of SGQ’s and several works in the literature have already studied about that subject, not much is known upon those difficulties of SGI’s (Integrated Management System) implementation, as well as the rate and reasons for dropouts implementation and recertification of those systems, especially in construction. Therefore, the present Study has as objective to evaluate the level potential of implementation of Integrated Management System (SGI’s) covering Quality, Environment, Safety and Health at work at Building Companies that have ever had a Quality Management System (SGQ) implemented. As methodological proposal, it was used the available literature for the preparation of a compatibility matrix among reference standards (ISO 9001, SiAC (2012), ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001) and the checklist containing the items (requirements and criteria) most relevant to the implementation of SGI’s. Also were developed quantitative indicators which that do references for the degree of implementation of SGI's. The research was conducted in the form of study case, as a way of method validation, from ten civil work of a medium size Building Company. As results, some hypotheses initially proposed was validated in the research that there are significant differences in the implantation potential of SGI's in civil work in the same organization, in addition, it was possible to find that distinct phases of execution of civil works influence about the potential of adherence into implementation to one SGI. The indicators established show as an important tool for the building companies to mark out to achieve the SGI. The elaborate method contributes to the advancement in construction with regard to implementation and maintenance of SGQ’s and, preliminary, of SGI’s. Besides trying to contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of quality, environment, safety and health at work in construction, this Study longed to highlight the benefits and critical issues, not only for the implementation of SGI's, but also for their maintenance and viability in the sector.<br>O número de empresas construtoras que buscam uma certificação de seus sistemas de gestão da qualidade (SGQ’s) tem crescido nos últimos anos, focadas principalmente na ISO 9001 e no PBQP-H. A mesma tendência vem ocorrendo quanto aos sistemas de gestão ambiental e de segurança e saúde no trabalho tendo em vista o atual panorama sócio-econômico global. Embora as empresas sofram uma série de dificuldades durante o processo de implantação e certificação de SGQ’s e, diversos trabalhos na literatura já tenham estudado sobre este assunto, pouco ainda se sabe sobre as dificuldades de implantação de SGI’s (Sistemas de Gestão Integrados) e sobre o índice e os motivos de desistências de implantação e de recertificação destes sistemas, principalmente, em construtoras. Deste modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial de grau de implantação de SGI’s abrangendo Qualidade, Meio Ambiente e Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho em empresa construtora que já fosse detentora de um SGQ. Como proposta metodológica empregou-se literatura disponível para a elaboração de uma matriz de compatibilidade entre as normas de referência (ISO 9001, SiAC (2012), ISO 14001 e OHSAS 18001) e de uma lista de verificação contendo os itens (requisitos e critérios) mais relevantes à implantação de SGI’s. Também foram desenvolvidos indicadores que fazem referências quantitativas ao grau de implantação de SGI’s. A pesquisa foi realizada, sob a forma de estudo de caso, como forma de validação do método, a partir de dez obras de uma construtora de porte médio. Como resultados, foram validadas as hipóteses inicialmente propostas na pesquisa de que existem diferenças significativas de potencial de implantação de SGI’s em obras de uma mesma organização. Ainda foi possível constatar que fases de execução distintas de obras influenciam quanto ao potencial de aderência de implantação a um SGI. Os indicadores estabelecidos mostraram-se importante ferramenta para as construtoras se balizarem para alcançarem o SGI. O método elaborado contribui para o avanço na construção civil no que diz respeito à implantação e manutenção de SGQ’s e, preliminarmente, de SGI’s. Além de tentar contribuir para melhor compreensão da evolução da qualidade, do meio ambiente e da segurança e saúde no trabalho na construção civil, este trabalho almejou ressaltar os benefícios e os aspectos críticos não só para a implantação de SGI’s, mas também para sua manutenção e viabilidade no setor.

Os sistemas de gestão estão sendo cada vez mais usados e é possível constatar isso através do aumento do número de empresas certificadas em normas tais como ISO 9001, ISO 14001 e OHSAS 18001. Tem-se observado que ao mesmo tempo em que cresce o número de certificações, tem sido cada vez mais comum as organizações adotarem mais de uma norma e como consequência há a necessidade e uma tendência de se integrá-las. A integração traz diversos benefícios como melhora na tomada de decisão, diminuição do risco de se ter atividades redundantes e contraditórias, bem como melhor utilização de recursos, entre outros benefícios. Devido aos benefícios que a integração oferece, é importante haver um instrumento que avalie o grau de maturidade dos Sistemas de Gestão Integrados (SGI), para que através dessa informação se possa promover melhorias para atingir uma integração maior. Através de uma revisão na literatura, notou-se que não há trabalhos que realizem a avaliação da maturidade da integração de sistemas de gestão tomando como ponto de apoio o conceito de modelos de maturidade. Ao perceber essa lacuna, resolveu-se elaborar um instrumento que avalie o grau de maturidade do SGI na empresas. No desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foi feita uma revisão exploratória seguida de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática sobre SGI, também foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre modelo de maturidade. Estas revisões, contribuíram para atingir o propósito principal desta dissertação que é a elaboração de uma ferramenta para avaliar o grau de maturidade utilizando o conceito de Modelos de Maturidade e tendo como ponto de apoio dois modelos já consolidados como CMMI - Capability Maturity Model Integration e o modelo de maturidade apresentado na ISO 9004, além das normas ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 e NBR 16001. A ferramenta desenvolvida recebeu a avaliação de especialistas acadêmicos e profissionais da indústria, e ela conta com 21 questões divididas em 4 áreas, sendo elas Política; Planejamento; Implementação/Execução; e Verificação/Ação. Como resultado alcançado pela dissertação, pode-se destacar a apresentação de um panorama geral sobre as pesquisas em SGI, bem como a ferramenta de avaliação do grau de maturidade da integração dos sistemas de gestão. Conclui-se que tem aumentado ao longo dos anos trabalhos relacionados a SGI e que o estudo sobre isso é importante tanto do ponto de vista do mercado como acadêmico.<br>Management systems have been largely used, which can be verified by the increase in the number of ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certifications. As the number of individual certifications increase, more companies have faced the challenge of integrating multiple management systems. Integration is important because it improves decision-making, reduces redundant and conflicting activities and promotes a better utilization of resources. Due to the benefits that integration offers, it is important to have an instrument to assess the degree of maturity of Integrated Management Systems (IMS). With such information it would be possible to plan improvements and reach a greater integration. By carrying out a literature review, it was possible to note that there is not a tool to evaluate the maturity degree of IMS that employs the concept of maturity models. This work presents a tool that assesses the maturity degree of an IMS. An exploratory review as well as a systematic literature review about IMS were performed. In addition, a literature review on maturity models was also conducted. These reviews helped achieve the main purpose of this dissertation that it is the development of a tool to assess the maturity level using the concept of Maturity Models and having as support two well-established models: CMMI - Capability Maturity Model Integration and the maturity model presented in ISO 9004, alongside ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 and NBR 16001 standards. The tool has 21 questions divided into 4 areas: (i) policy, (ii) planning, (iii) implementation / execution and (iv) verification / action. Afterwards, the tool was assessed by academic experts and industry professionals. An overview of the research into IMS, as well as the maturity models oriented towards evaluating the integration of management systems can be pointed out as relevant results of this research. Another important finding is that the number of IMS-related studies has increased over the past years and such studies are considered important from both market and academic standpoints.

Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial<br>Atualmente, é imperioso que as empresas assegurem a sua competitividade e expansão, num contexto global e de mudança, através da melhoria contínua dos seus produtos e processos. A inovação é um fator de diferenciação à disposição das empresas, quer para melhorar os seus produtos e/ou serviços, quer para aumentar a sua eficácia operacional, o reforço da sua competitividade e consequentemente, aumentar a satisfação do cliente, indo ao encontro dos seus requisitos. O trabalho apresentado neste relatório, consistiu no estudo e elaboração dos procedimentos inerentes à implementação da norma NP 4457:2007, no sistema de gestão integrado (SGI) da empresa “C”, uma indústria vidreira nacional, produtora de vidro de embalagem. Neste trabalho são abordadas as normas NP EN ISO 9001:2008, NP EN ISO 14001 e OHSAS 18001, que fazem parte do sistema integrado de gestão da empresa, sendo que estas normas partilham de princípios e técnicas de gestão comuns e facilitadores da integração da nova norma (NP 4457:2007). A NP EN ISO 9001:2008 e a NP 4457:2007, serviram de referência a todo o trabalho desenvolvido, ao longo deste projeto. No sentido da melhoria contínua e da satisfação do cliente, a empresa “C”, apesar de já possuir outros sistemas de gestão, sentiu a necessidade de juntar a NP 4457:2007 ao seu SGI, de forma a dar suporte ao cumprimento das normas que dele fazem parte. Este processo mostrou-se bastante facilitado, pelo facto de a maior parte das atividades inerentes à integração já estarem feitas e fazerem parte das rotinas organizacionais. Apesar da dificuldade em inovar, neste setor, porque os projetos vêm já desenvolvidos pelos clientes ou pelo grupo industrial no qual a empresa se insere, a integração foi conseguida com sucesso, trazendo consigo alguns benefícios já identificados, como o fortalecimento das relações com o cliente e a diminuição de custos, devido à redução da duplicação de processos e procedimentos. No entanto, esta incapacidade em inovar, levou ao abandono dos procedimentos implementados, desperdiçando assim as boas práticas desta norma.<br>Currently, it is imperative that companies ensure their competitiveness and expansion, in a global context and change through continuous improvement of its products and processes. Innovation is a factor of differentiation at the disposal of companies, either to improve their products and/or services, or to increase its operational effectiveness, strengthen its competitiveness and consequently, increase customer satisfaction, in order to meet their requirements. The work present in this report, consisted in the study and elaboration of the procedures involved in the implementation of the standard NP 4457:2007, in the integrated management system (IMS) of company “C”, a national industry, glass producer packing. In this work the standards NP EN ISO 9001:2008, NP EN ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 are addressed, that are part of the integrated system of management of the company, and these standards share common management principles and techniques and facilitators of integration of the new standard (NP 4457:2007). NP EN ISO 9001:2008 and the NP 4457:2007, served as a reference to all the work developed, throughout this project. In order to a continuous improvement and customer satisfaction, company “C”, even though having already other management systems, felt the need to join the standard NP 4457:2007 to their IMS, in order to support the observance of which it is part of. This process was quite easy, by the fact that most of the activities inherent in the integration are already made and being part of organizational routines. Despite the difficulty in innovating in this sector, because the designs already come developed by customers or by the industrial group in which the company is inserted, integration was achieved successfully, bringing with it some benefits already identified, such as the strengthening of relations with the customer and the cost reduction, due to the reduction of duplication of processes and procedures. However, this inability to innovate, led to the abandonment of the implemented procedures, wasting the good practice of this standard.

Currently in the corporate world grows the focus for the speed and intensity with which the process changes, mainly driven by frequent technological innovations, the performance of the economy and strong competition established in its market. Given this challenging scenario, there is the continuing need to identify new techniques, methods and procedures, aimed at the main goal of the strategy, improve performance, competitiveness and leverage their organizational management. Thus, the relentless pursuit of continuous improvement in organizations, demand the implementation of integrated management systems, systemic and measurable as a facilitator in reducing vulnerability to the impact caused by competitive forces, which so conducive to the strengthening of the value chain business. Therefore, this work will be developed based on the activities of CVI Soft Drinks industry Ltda., Franchised The Coca-Cola Company and Heineken Brazil, with factory in Rio Grande Central Region South, with the main objective to propose a Model for Performance Measurement Implementation and Enforcement in an Integrated Management System SGI. Methodologically, a case study will be conducted in order to identify the adherence of the Integrated Management System - SGI in relation to the full implementation of the concepts of Strategic Management, Process Management and requirements of International Standards Management System Certification, to obtain the end a performance measurement system model that facilitates the measurement and analysis of organizational continuous improvement.<br>Atualmente no mundo corporativo cresce o foco pela rapidez e intensidade com que se processam as mudanças, impulsionadas principalmente pelas frequentes inovações tecnológicas, pelo desempenho da economia e pela forte concorrência estabelecida no seu mercado de atuação. Diante desse cenário desafiador, surge a contínua necessidade de identificar novas técnicas, métodos e procedimentos, visando como principal meta da estratégia, melhorar o desempenho, a competitividade e a alavancagem da sua gestão organizacional. Desta forma, a busca incessante pela melhoria contínua nas organizações, demanda a implementação de sistemas de gestão integrados, sistêmicos e mensuráveis como meio facilitador à redução da vulnerabilidade em relação ao impacto causado pelas forças competitivas, os quais propiciem assim o fortalecimento da cadeia de valor do negócio. Portanto, o presente trabalho será desenvolvido com base nas atividades da indústria CVI Refrigerantes Ltda., franqueada The Coca-Cola Company e Heineken Brasil, com Fábrica na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo por objetivo principal propor um Modelo para a Medição de Desempenho da Implementação e Execução em um Sistema de Gestão Integrada SGI. Metodologicamente, será realizado um estudo de caso com a finalidade de identificar a aderência do Sistema de Gestão Integrada SGI em relação à aplicação integral dos conceitos de Gestão Estratégica, Gestão de Processos e Requisitos das Normas Internacionais de Certificação de Sistemas de Gestão, visando obter ao final um modelo de sistema de medição de desempenho que facilite a mensuração e a análise da melhoria contínua organizacional.

No cenário competitivo empresarial acontecem mudanças rápidas e constantes. Em função dessas mudanças as organizações devem buscar meios para melhorar o seu desempenho e garantir a sua sobrevivência, principalmente no que tange ao fator concorrência. Dessa forma, é necessário que as organizações otimizem o uso dos seus recursos para que possam tornar-se mais eficientes e competitivas. A implantação dos sistemas de gestão da qualidade, de gestão ambiental, e de gestão de segurança e saúde ocupacional em único Sistema de Gestão Integrado (SGI) tem contribuído para alcançar a melhoria da qualidade dos produtos e serviços, favorecendo a proteção ao meio ambiente e a avaliação dos perigos e riscos relacionados à segurança e saúde do trabalhador, que são requisitos importantes nos sistemas de gestão das organizações. Nesse contexto, procurou-se investigar e analisar os resultados obtidos com a implantação e implementação do Sistema de Gestão Integrado (SGI), relacionado à Gestão da Qualidade, Gestão Ambiental e Gestão de Segurança e Saúde Ocupacional, em uma Empresa Prestadora de Serviços que atua no ramo de Manutenção e Montagens Industriais, situada na região do Vale do Paraíba Paulista, Estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as pesquisas bibliográfica, exploratória e documental ao estudo de caso. Verificou-se que a implantação do sistema de gestão integrado foi uma estratégia de negócios para a Empresa que, além de conquistar os seus objetivos, adquiriu boas práticas de responsabilidade social e contribuiu para a sua sobrevivência. Além disso, houve melhoria no desempenho, na eficiência e um crescimento de forma organizada e ordenada, que favoreceu o aumento da sua participação no ambiente competitivo.<br>In the business competitive scenario changes happen fast and constant. Because of these changes, organizations must seek ways to improve their performance and ensure its survival, especially in regard to the competition factor. Thus, it is necessary for organizations to optimize the use of its resources to enable them to become more efficient and competitive. The deployment of quality management system, environmental management and occupational, health and safety management in a single Integrated Management System (IMS) has helped to achieve improved quality of products and services, encouraging environmental protection and hazard assessment and risks related to safety and health of workers, which are important requirements in the management of organizations. In this context, it was sought to investigate and analyze the results achieved with the implementation of the Integrated Management System regarded to Quality, Environmental and Occupational, Health and Safety Management in a service company, located in the Vale do Paraíba Paulista, Sao Paulo State. To this end, it was used the research literature, documentary and exploratory case study. It was found that the implementation of integrated management system was a business strategy for the company, which not only achieved their objectives, but also acquired good social responsibility practices and contributed to its survival. Besides that, there was improvement in performance, efficiency and growth in an organized and orderly way, which favored the increase of its participation in the competitive environment.

Orientador: Olivio Novaski<br>Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T17:38:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cassiano_Cristiane_M.pdf: 3954417 bytes, checksum: 1cb6410efc70c07e90f3584c99c77b96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003<br>Resumo: No mundo dos negócios acontecem mudanças constantemente. Atrelada a estas mudanças está a sobrevivência organizacional, principalmente no que tange ao fator competitividade. Conseqüentemente, é fundamental que haja otimização do uso dos recursos disponíveis dentro de cada organização, tornando-o mais eficiente. Sendo assim, torna-se importante e necessária a integração máxima entre os diversos sistemas de gestão co-existentes dentro das organizações: gestão da qualidade, ambiental, da segurança e saúde ocupacional, financeira, de pessoas, estratégica, da responsabilidade social, entre outras. Com estes sistemas alinhados e integrados, as organizações tendem a maximizar sua eficiência com redução de custos, assegurando sua sobrevivência. Este trabalho, portanto, tem o objetivo de desenvolver e propor uma metodologia de avaliação da maturidade dos sistemas de gestão dentro das organizações, bem como do nível de integração entre eles, nas dimensões da qualidade: do produto, ambiental, da segurança e saúde ocupacional e ética e social. Com isto é possível identificar as oportunidades de melhorias na integração das diversas dimensões da gestão e de fato buscar a maximização da eficiência no uso dos recursos disponíveis<br>Abstract: In the business world changes happen constantly. Linked to these changes is the organization survival, mainly as for the competitiveness factor. Consequently, it is fundamental to have the otimization of the use of the resources available inside each organization, becoming it more efficient. So, it becomes important and necessary the maximum integration among the several management systems co-existant inside the organizations: quality management, environrnental, occupational health and safety, financial, people, strategic, social accountability, among others. With these systems aligned and integrated, the organizations tend to maximize their efficiency with cost reduction, assuring their survival. This paper, therefore, has the aim of developing and proposing a methodology for evaluation of the maturity of the management systems inside the organizations as well as the integration of them, in the dimensions of quality: of the product, environrnental, of the occupational health and safety and ethical and social. With this, it is possible to identify the opportunities for improvements in the integration of several management dimensions and, in fact, to search the maximization of the efficiency in the use of the available resources<br>Mestrado<br>Gestão da Qualidade Total<br>Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Antagonism of the activin receptor signaling pathway represents a promising potential therapy for the muscular dystrophies and other muscle wasting disorders (i.e., cachexia or sarcopenia). Previous research has shown that antagonism of activin signaling promotes muscle growth, attenuates muscle wasting, and restores function in both wild type and diseased animals. Our laboratory has recently developed a novel small molecule (SGI-1252) that inhibits activin downstream (i.e., Smad2/3 phosphorylation) signaling. Purpose: In this study we determined how eight weeks of orally administered SGI-1252 affected TGF-ß signaling, whole body mass, individual limb muscle mass, and muscle fiber cross sectional area (CSA). Methods: Wild-type (WT) mice were treated with SGI-1252 or a vehicle control (VC) via oral gavage (400 mg/kg 3 times per week) for 8 weeks. Body mass was measured twice per week during the 8-week treatment period. At the end of the treatment period, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were excised, weighed, and prepared for histological and biochemical analyses. Results: Following 8 weeks of treatment, there was no difference in weight gain between SGI-1252 (24.8 ± 1.8g) and VC treated mice (23.2 ± 1.5g) (p = 0.06). Gastrocnemius whole muscle mass was significantly greater in the SGI-1252 treated group relative to the VC treated mice (139.6 ± 12.8 mg vs 128.8 ± 14.9 mg) (p = 0.04), although when normalized with body mass there was no difference in gastrocnemius mass. For the TA muscle, there were no significant differences in whole muscle mass between SGI-1252 and VC groups, yet TA muscles in the SGI-1252 treated group had a reduced muscle fiber CSA compared to controls (621 ± 44 µm2 vs 749 ± 36 µm2) (p = 0.0005). There was a statistical trend of decreasing Smad2 phosphorylation in the SGI-1252 treated TA muscles (mean SGI-1252 = 0.668 vs VC = 0.848) (p = 0.06), and no significant differences in Smad2 phosphorylation in the gastrocnemius. Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, 8 weeks of orally administered SGI-1252 was not effective in promoting increases in whole body mass, limb whole muscle mass, or myofiber cross sectional area. This may be due to the inability of SGI-1252, at the administered dose, to effectively decrease signaling downstream of the activin receptor. Clearly, studies using a wider range of doses and delivery methods will be needed to ascertain the efficacy of SGI-1252 as a potential therapeutic.

Orientadores : Alvaro Penteado Crosta, Afonso Schrank<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T23:04:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GuimaraesFilho_HeliusdeAlmeida_M.pdf: 23586769 bytes, checksum: b9ed2c86816d0da0c5f527b00b23182b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994<br>Resumo: A pesquisa realizada nesse trabalho busca mostrar que, as informações geradas em projetos de exploração mineral devem ser armazenadas de forma precisa visando a otimização no processo de intercâmbio e integração entre os programas utilizados em exploração mineral para desenhar mapas (CADD - Computer Aided Drafting and Design), processar imagens de sensoriamento remoto (PDI), gerenciar informações alfanuméricas em banco de dados (SGBD) e processar dados através de Sistemas Geo-referenciados de Informação (SGI), para se tirar o máximo proveito destes. Também procura-se mostrar que os dados obtidos nesses projetos devem ser adequados a cada programa. Os resultados mostraram que é fundamental o estudo das etapas para digitalização de bases cartográficas e mapas geológicos em programas de CADD levando-se em consideração o equipamento utilizado para edição, fontes dos dados. escalas dos dados, controle do erro operacional. otimização dos níveis de informação no CADD, escolha das hachuras, geração de uma biblioteca de símbolos. formas de impressão dos dados, utilização "de dados digitalizados em outros desenhos e a personalização do CADD. Dessa forma, um dos resultados do trabalho foi o de dar indicações para orientar na produção e geração de mapas precisos e com informações úteis para outros programas. Foi desenvolvido um aplicativo de fácil operação para armazenar dados utilizados em projetos de exploração mineral através de um SGBD com seus formatos de arquivos intercambiáveis com programas de CADD. PDI e SGI. Finalmente concluiu-se que, o intercâmbio de dados obtidos em projetos de exploração mineral e contidos "em programas de CADD. SGBD. PDI e SGI proporciona a utilização de uma mesma informação por todos. aumentando-se a produtividade e a qualidade dos produtos gerados nesses projetos através de cada programa<br>Abstract: This work aims to demonstrate that information generated by mineral exploration projects must be stored in a precise way in order to optimize the interchange and integration processes between the various packages used in mineral exploration. to draw maps (CADD - Computer Aided Drafting and Design). To process remote sensing images (DIP), to manage alphanumeric data in database management systems (DBMS) and to process data using geo-referenced information systems (SGI). Also, we tried to show that the data acquired for mineral exploration projects must be adequate to each of these programs. The results showed that the study of the various steps for digitizing the cartographic and geologic maps using CADD programs is essential and must take into account the equipment used for map edition. the data sources and scales. the control over the operational errors. the optimization of information levels in the CADD. the choice of hatch patterns, the generation of symbol libraries, the processes of data printing, the use of digitized data in other drawings and the CADD customization. One of the main results of the work was to establish some parameters to orientate the generation and production of maps containing useful information to other programs. An user-friend1y application was developed. to store data for a mineral exploration project. using a DBMS with file formats interchangeable with CADD, DIP and GIS programs. Finally, it was concluded that data interchange between CADD. DBMS. DIP and GIS programs in mineral exploration projects make possible to share information between all members of the team. Increasing the productivity and the quality of the products generated.<br>Mestrado<br>Metalogenese<br>Mestre em Geociências

TALEIRES, L. B. Proposta de um roteiro de implantação do Lean Seis Sigma em uma empresa de serviços logísticos com SGI. 2016. 149 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Logística e Pesquisa Operacional) - Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016.<br>Submitted by Thiago Calvet (thiago@ufc.br) on 2016-10-10T19:35:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lbtaleires.pdf: 6095078 bytes, checksum: 804675a86e84b8b07ba2fdd3c70362c7 (MD5)<br>Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Falta corrigir no arquivo: As palavras nas folhas de AGRADECIMENTOS e RESUMO são em caixa alta a autora colocou em caixa baixa. As paginas devem ser contadas a partir da folha de rosto, mas só devem ser numeradas na Introdução em algarismos arábicos. As folhas pré-textuais não devem ser numeradas. Marlene on 2016-10-18T11:00:55Z (GMT)<br>Submitted by Thiago Calvet (thiago@ufc.br) on 2016-10-18T14:44:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lbtaleires.pdf: 6094451 bytes, checksum: 0a2a17ac86c8501dbaeb0a55c95442e9 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2016-10-26T15:56:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lbtaleires.pdf: 6094451 bytes, checksum: 0a2a17ac86c8501dbaeb0a55c95442e9 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-26T15:56:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lbtaleires.pdf: 6094451 bytes, checksum: 0a2a17ac86c8501dbaeb0a55c95442e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-24<br>The search for excellence in the service sector has led companies to select systematic management for quality to enable continuous improvement of its processes, with a consequent increase in productivity and reduction of costs of operations in order to remain in the lead the consumer market. The Integrated Management System (IMS), considered here, adopts three specific standards, ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001, which respectively have the quality management system models (QMS), environmental management system (EMS) and health management system and safety (OHSMS), allowing integrate operational processes, meet the organization's needs and customer requirements. Associated with SGI, companies can adopt other models of quality management. Such as Lean Six Sigma, which comprises the addition of methodologies and Lean Six Sigma, which in addition to dealing with the standard of quality assurance services, seek to create value and reduce process variability. This research has the general objective to propose a roadmap for the implementation of Lean Six Sigma within an Integrated Management System in a national company providing logistics services, since this quality by management methodology has its origin in production, are commonly studied in the industrial sector. The research methodology used was single case study, descriptive, technical documentation, applied nature and qualitative approach. In this context it was proposed a roadmap for implementation of Lean Six Sigma in companies with SGI, as a result of research presented case study, highlighting the governance management steps, change, knowledge and communication, which include in due order commitment leadership, organizational culture, the involvement of people and the success of the quality program as critical success factors that affect the implementation of the LSS.<br>A busca pela excelência no setor de serviços tem levado as empresas a selecionar sistemáticas de gestão pela qualidade que permitam a melhoria contínua dos seus processos, com o consequente aumento da sua produtividade e a redução dos custos de suas operações, a fim de permanecerem na liderança do mercado consumidor. O Sistema de Gestão Integrado (SGI), considerado aqui, adota três normas especificamente, a ISO 9001, a ISO 14001 e a OHSAS 18001, as quais apresentam respectivamente os modelos de sistema gestão da qualidade (SGQ), sistema de gestão ambiental (SGA) e sistema de gestão da saúde e segurança ocupacional (SGSSO), permitindo integrar os processos operacionais, atender as necessidades da organização e as exigências dos clientes. Associado ao SGI, as empresas podem adotar outros modelos de gestão pela qualidade. Como por exemplo, o Lean Seis Sigma, que compreende a junção das metodologias Lean e Seis Sigma, as quais além de tratar da garantia do padrão de qualidade dos serviços, buscam criar valor e reduzir a variabilidade dos processos. Este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo geral, propor um roteiro para a implantação do Lean Seis Sigma dentro de um Sistema de Gestão Integrado em uma empresa nacional de prestação de serviços logísticos, uma vez que essa metodologia de gestão pela qualidade tem sua origem no âmbito da produção, sendo comumente estudada no setor industrial. Quanto à metodologia de pesquisa utilizada, esta foi um estudo de caso único, descritiva, técnica documental, de natureza aplicada e abordagem qualitativa. Dentro desse contexto foi proposto um roteiro para implantação do Lean Seis Sigma em empresas com SGI, como resultado da pesquisa do estudo de caso apresentado, ressaltando as etapas de gestão de governança, mudanças, conhecimento e comunicação, as quais abrangem na ordem devida o comprometimento da liderança, a cultura organizacional, o envolvimento das pessoas e o sucesso do programa da qualidade, como fatores críticos de sucesso que afetam a implantação do LSS.

Der Vortrag stellt zwei Filesysteme aus der kommerziellen Welt vor die derzeit auf Linux portiert werden: JFS von IBM und XFS von SGI. Es wird ein Ueberblick ueber die beiden Dateissysteme, ihre Eigenschaften und ihre Portiertung gegeben.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1532251 bytes, checksum: 2090b884064cad2e8f5391f98fc6030f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-25<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This dissertation results of a research in four municipal schools in Campina Grande/PB, objecting to analyze, in teaching municipal net, the management model of public school, specifically, the Integrated Management System (IMS) and their implementation process, by the understanding of managements and teachers. As theoretician and methodological proceedings, we realized conceptual deepening, documental analyzes, interviews with managements and we applied questionnaires with the teachers of chosen schools. In this research, we analyzed the IMS inserted in the context of changes and redefinition of State function, considering the Reform of State Apparatus in 1990 s and the public management administration. We adopted, yet, as theoretician support, the conception of amplified State of Gramsci, actual studies about New Liberalism of Third Way and their repercussions in educational politics, with the new configuration of civil society and the management function in public education. In this study, that foments the discussion about the interferences of management model in public school administration, we could certify, in general, an acceptation of IMS, for managements and teachers, understand it an efficient instrument to organization of pedagogical work. Which concerns, most specifically, to teachers, we observed some restrictions for this management model, deriving for work intensification that it causes. In a short synthesis, we consider that IMS constitutes in a big challenge for all that worries about for management democratization in school ambit.<br>Esta dissertação resulta de pesquisa em quatro escolas municipais de Campina Grande/PB, objetivando analisar, na rede municipal de ensino, o modelo gerencial de gestão da escola pública, especificamente, o Sistema de Gestão Integrado (SGI) e seu processo de implementação, a partir da compreensão de gestores e professores. Como procedimentos teórico-metodológicos, realizamos aprofundamento conceitual, análise documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestoras e aplicamos questionários aos docentes das escolas selecionadas. Nessa pesquisa, analisamos o SGI inserido no contexto de mudanças e de redefinição do papel do Estado, considerando a Reforma do Aparelho do Estado nos anos 1990 e a administração pública gerencial. Adotamos, ainda, como suporte teórico, a concepção de Estado ampliado de Gramsci, estudos atuais sobre o Neoliberalismo de Terceira Via e suas repercussões nas políticas educacionais, com a nova configuração da sociedade civil e o papel do empresariado na educação pública. Neste estudo, que fomenta discussão acerca das interferências do modelo gerencial na gestão da escola pública, pudemos constatar, de modo geral, uma aceitação do SGI, por parte de gestoras e professores, entendendo-o como uma ferramenta eficaz para a organização do trabalho pedagógico. Em se tratando, mais especificamente, dos docentes, observamos algumas restrições a esse modelo de gestão, decorrentes da intensificação do trabalho por ele provocada. Em uma breve síntese, consideramos que o SGI constitui-se em um grande desafio para todos que anseiam pela democratização da gestão no âmbito escolar.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mitiyo Santiago Murayama.pdf: 1685422 bytes, checksum: d82245636d489108b87f0c70b67678b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-17<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The scope of this research is to make an attentive reading of the official proselytize speech from the lay Buddhist organization Brasil Soka Gakkai Internacional (BSGI), which is published in several journals, contextualizing it according the two sociological conversion paradigms: classic and contemporary. These paradigms are built upon three main axis concerning time, intensity and social networking of the convert. According the classic paradigm, the conversion occurs suddenly and unexpectedly; it is very intense, since the individual is supposed to go through a deep and totalizing transformation in this decision-making moment. Also, it is a completely solitary and autonomic way, without any influence of others. The new paradigm, the contemporary one, shows conversion as a long-term process, where the convert interacts with their social context, presenting itself as an alternative for the classic paradigm of the religious conversion<br>Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo fazer uma leitura do discurso proselitista oficial da organização leiga budista Associação Brasil Soka Gakkai Internacional publicado em seus diversos periódicos e contextualizá-lo segundo os dois paradigmas sociológicos da conversão religiosa, o clássico e o novo. Esses paradigmas estão relacionados em torno de três eixos principais relativos ao tempo, à intensidade e à rede social do convertido. Segundo o paradigma clássico, a conversão acontece de forma súbita, num momento repentino; caracteriza-se por ser muito intensa, já que o indivíduo passa por uma profunda e totalizante transformação nesse momento decisório; e ocorre de maneira solitária, sem a influência nem a participação de outros. O paradigma novo mostra a conversão como um processo que pode durar anos e é permeado por um diálogo do convertido com seu contexto social, apresentando-se dessa forma como uma alternativa para o paradigma clássico da conversão religiosa

While distributed memory systems have shaped the field of distributed systems for decades, the demand for many-core shared memory resources is increasing. Symmetric Multiprocessor Systems (SMPs) have become increasingly important recently among a wide array of disciplines, ranging from Bioinformatics to astrophysics, and beyond. With the increase in big data computing, the size and scope of traditional commodity server systems is often outpaced. While some big data applications can be mapped to distributed memory systems found through many cluster and cloud technologies today, this effort represents a large barrier of entry that some projects cannot cross. Shared memory SMP systems look to effectively and efficiently fill this niche within distributed systems by providing high throughput and performance with minimized development effort, as the computing environment often represents what many researchers are already familiar with. In this paper, we look at the use of two common shared memory systems, the ScaleMP vSMP virtualized SMP deployment at Indiana University, and the SGI UV architecture deployed at University of Arizona. While both systems are notably different in their design, their potential impact on computing is remarkably similar. As such, we look to compare each system first under a set of OpenMP threaded benchmarks via the SPEC group, and to follow up with our experience using each machine for Trinity de-novo assembly. We find both SMP systems are well suited to support various big data applications, with the newer vSMP deployment often slightly faster; however, certain caveats and performance considerations are necessary when considering such SMP systems.

Les leucémies aigues myéloïdes (LAM) sont des hémopathies malignes de mauvais pronostic dont les thérapies actuelles ne permettent d’obtenir des taux de survie à 5 ans chez les adultes que d’environ 40%. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d’approfondir nos connaissances concernant les mécanismes d’oncogenèse pour développer de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques. Malgré leur hétérogénéité clinique et biologique, les LAM ont certaines caractéristiques communes comme l’activation de la voie de signalisation mTORCl qui est détectée dans la plupart des échantillons de LAM. MTORCl contrôle la survie, la croissance et la prolifération cellulaire, notamment via le contrôle de la traduction des ARNm et donc de la synthèse protéique. Au cours de ce travail, nous montrons qu’il existe, dans les LAM, une dérégulation de mTORCl qui explique les limites des effets anti-leucémiques observés avec la rapamycine (un inhibiteur allostérique de mTORCl) et qui est médiée en partie par l’activité de la sérine thréonine kinase Pim2, qui contrôle la phosphorylation de la cible de mTORCl, la protéine 4E-BP1. Cependant, cibler directement la traduction produit des effets anti-leucémiques importants, ce que nous avons montré en utilisant une molécule inhibant spécifiquement le complexe d’initiation de la traduction, le 4EGI-l. EIF4E est essentiel à l’initiation de la traduction et nous avons montré sa surexpression au niveau protéique dans la plupart des échantillons de LAM au diagnostic par comparaison à des cellules hématopoïétiques normales CD34+. Bien que son niveau d’expression n’ait pas de valeur pronostique intrinsèque, ce résultat suggère un potentiel important au blocage de la traduction dans la plupart des cas de LAM. Dans la perspective d’inhiber mTORCl, nous avons activé la voie LKBl/AMPK par la metformine, ce qui a induit des effets anti-leucémiques in vitro et in vivo via une modification du métabolisme cellulaire avec en particulier une inhibition de la synthèse de protéines oncogéniques. La metformine n’étant pas un candidat en thérapeutique dans les LAM du fait d’un index thérapeutique trop étroit, de nouvelles molécules modulant la voie LKBl/AMPK sont en cours de développement. Enfin, nous avons étudié le rôle de la sérine thréonine kinase Pim2, qui contrôle la traduction protéique et la survie dans les cellules de LAM Flt3-ITD+. Nous avons de plus montré que la sur-expression de Pim2 constitue un nouveau mécanisme de résistance aux inhibiteurs de Flt3 et représente donc une cible thérapeutique prometteuse dans cette catégorie de LAM. L’étude de la voie mTORCl et de la traduction permet donc d’envisager de multiples perspectives thérapeutiques dans les LAM dont certaines sont déjà en cours de développement clinique<br>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are hematological malignancies with adverse prognosis in which therapies only gives 40% survival within 5 years in adults. Hence, it is important to increase our knowledge regarding oncogenesis to further develop new therapeutic approaches. Despite their clinical and biological heterogeneity, AML have in common the constitutive activation of mTORC1 signaling which is detected in most AML samples. MTORC1 controls cell survival, growth and proliferation, in particular through control of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. During this work, we show, in AML, that mTORC1 is deregulated which explain the poor effects observed with rapamycin (a mTORC1 allosteric inhibitor) and is partially mediated by the serine/threonine kinase Pim-2 which controls the mTORC1 target 4E-BP1. Nevertheless, directly targeting translation, using a specific translation initiation inhibitor named 4EGI-1, have important anti leukemic effects. EIF4E is described as essential in translation initiation and we show its protein overexpression in most AML samples at diagnosis compared with normal hematopoietic CD34+ cells. Whereas eIF4E level expression has no prognostic impact, this result suggests an important potential for treatment targeting translation initiation in AML. In our purpose of inhibiting mTORC1, we were able to activate LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway with metformin, which induces anti leukemic effects in vitro and in vivo through in particular oncogenic protein translation inhibition. Metformin is not a good AML therapeutic candidate because of a narrow therapeutic index, new compound targeting LKB1/AMPK are in development. Finally, we studied the role of the serine/threonine kinase Pim-2 and show that it controls protein translation and FLT3-ITD+ AML cells survival. Furthermore, we show that Pim-2 overexpression is a new mechanism of Flt3 inhibitors resistance and represent a new promising therapeutic target in this AML subtype. Overall, mTORC1 and protein translation study in AML show multiple therapeutics perspective, some of them are already in clinical development

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Fabio Silva de Souza.pdf: 3760278 bytes, checksum: d38f28c39076f3f01e4393fd0f31bc10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-26<br>The aim of this study was to characterize the association between the seasonality of dermatobiosis in bovines and its dipterans potential vectors as well as evaluate the association among the counts of Dermatobia hominis larvae and of potential vectors with meteorologicals data. It also had the objective of delimiting, quantifying and characterizing the geographical space of Serop?dica and Itagua? municipalities in relation to the favorable degrees for the occurrence of dermatobiosis in bovines in the rainy and dry periods using the Vista SAGA? 2007 information system. The seasonal fluctuation of D. hominis larvae was obtained by counts in ten bovines and of muscoids dipterans by capture using Adultrap? traps with sardine bait, once a month each, in three properties named A, B and C, localized in the Serop?dica, Paracambi and Itagua? municipalities, respectively, in the period of January 2006 to December 2007. The meteorological data of compensated mean temperature, pluvial precipitation and relative humidity were obtained in the Agricultural Ecology Station (22?48'S, 43?41'W and 33m of altitude). The associations between D. hominis larvae fluctuations, adult dipterans and climatological data were verified using the Spearman correlation test. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used in the analysis of the significant differences between the rainy and dry periods in each property in the monthly average of D. hominis larvae, in the total monthly number and of dipterans family and in the analysis of other studies. In the elaboration of models by geoprocessing, some abiotic factors were used: occupation and covering of the land, altitude, declivity, soils and climatic factors, in which the evaluation, signature and monitorship functions of the Vista SAGA? 2007 program were applied. The infestation by D. hominis larvae in bovines was present during the 24 months of study in the three properties. A total of 18.966 dipterans potential vectors was captured, being 30,16% in the A property, 34,59% in the B property and 35,25% in the C property but there were no significant statistic difference between these. There was a positive and significant correlation (rs=0,63) between monthly averages of D. hominis larvae and relative humidity in 2006 at the A property; there was a positive and significant correlation between the total number of captured dipterans and pluvial precipitation (rs=0,80) and temperature (rs=0,60) at the B and C properties, respectively, in 2007. It was also observed a positive and significant correlation between the total number of captured dipterans of the Sarcophagidae family (rs=0,60) with the temperature in the C property in 2006, and between Muscidae (rs=0,67) and Calliphoridae (rs=0,76) with pluvial precipitation in the B property in 2007. There wasn t an association between monthly averages of D. hominis larvae and dipterans. It was verified a pattern lack in the association between monthly and periods fluctuations, rainy and dry of D. hominis larvae with the dipterans potential vectors fluctuations and of both with meteorologicals data. The geoprocessing allowed delimiting, quantifying and characterizing the potential of space temporal distribution of dermatobiosis in bovines.<br>Este estudo teve como objetivos caracterizar a associa??o entre a sazonalidade da dermatobiose em bovinos e seus d?pteros potenciais vetores, assim como avaliar a associa??o entre as contagens de larvas de Dermatobia hominis e de potenciais vetores com os dados meteorol?gicos. Teve tamb?m como objetivo, delimitar, quantificar e caracterizar o espa?o geogr?fico dos munic?pios de Serop?dica e Itagua? quanto aos gradientes de favorabilidade para a ocorr?ncia da dermatobiose em bovinos nos per?odos chuvoso e seco utilizando o sistema de informa??o Vista SAGA? 2007. A flutua??o sazonal de larvas de D. hominis foi obtida por contagens em dez bovinos e a de d?pteros musc?ides por captura, usando armadilhas Adultrap? com isca de sardinha, ambos uma vez ao m?s, nas tr?s propriedades denominadas A, B e C, localizadas nos munic?pios de Serop?dica, Paracambi e Itagua?, respectivamente, no per?odo de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2007. Os dados meteorol?gicos de temperatura m?dia compensada, precipita??o pluvial e umidade relativa, foram obtidos na Esta??o Ecologia Agr?cola (22?48'S, 43?41'W e 33m de altitude). As associa??es entre as flutua??es de larvas de D. hominis, d?pteros adultos e dados climatol?gicos foram verificadas utilizando-se o teste de correla??o de Spearman. Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney foram empregados na an?lise das diferen?as significativas entre os per?odos, chuvoso e seco, por propriedade, para a m?dia mensal de larvas de D. hominis, o n?mero mensal total e por fam?lia de d?pteros e na an?lise de dados publicados em outros estudos. Para a elabora??o dos modelos por geoprocessamento, utilizaram-se os fatores abi?ticos: uso e cobertura das terras, altitude, declividade, solos e fatores clim?ticos, aplicando-se as fun??es avalia??o, assinatura e monitoria do programa Vista SAGA? 2007. A infesta??o por larvas de D. hominis em bovinos esteve presente ao longo dos 24 meses de estudo nas tr?s propriedades. Um total de 18.966 d?pteros potenciais vetores foi capturado. Deste, 30,16% foram capturados na propriedade A, 34,59% na propriedade B e 35,25% na propriedade C, mas sem diferen?a estat?stica significativa entre estas. Houve correla??o positiva e significativa (rs=0,63) entre as m?dias mensais de larvas de D. hominis e umidade relativa, no ano de 2006, na propriedade A; houve correla??o positiva e significativa entre o n?mero total de d?pteros capturados e precipita??o pluvial (rs=0,80) e tamb?m com a temperatura (rs=0,60) nas propriedades B e C, respectivamente, no ano de 2007. Observou-se tamb?m correla??o positiva e significativa entre o n?mero total de d?pteros capturados da fam?lia Sarcophagidae (rs=0,60) com a temperatura na propriedade C no ano de 2006 e entre Muscidae (rs=0,67) e Calliphoridae (rs=0,76) com precipita??o pluvial na propriedade B em 2007. N?o ocorreu associa??o entre as m?dias mensais de larvas de D. hominis e de d?pteros. Constatou-se uma falta de padr?o na associa??o entre as flutua??es mensais e por per?odos, chuvoso e seco, das larvas de D. hominis com as flutua??es de d?pteros potenciais vetores e de ambas com os dados meteorol?gicos. O geoprocessamento permitiu delimitar, quantificar e caracterizar o potencial de distribui??o espa?o-temporal da dermatobiose nos per?odos chuvoso e seco.

A rápida transformação na cobertura florestal da Amazônia vem despertando preocupação mundial em relação ao impacto causado ao meio ambiente. Este trabalho descreve resultados obtidos no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de baixo custo para um sistema de detecção de novos desmatamentos na floresta tropical Amazônica. Este sistema combina imagens classificadas do sensor "Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer "(NOAA/AVHRR)e um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG/INPE). Imagens AVHRR, banda 3 (3,5$\mu$m a 3,9$\mu$m)de diferentes datas, corrigidas geometricamente, com resolução de 1,1 km, foram comparadas automaticamente em formato digital. Os locais onde foram detectadas mudanças na cobertura original da floresta, em qualquer par de imagens, são determinados no SIG. Testes realizados em uma região no norte do Mato Grosso foram apresentados, indicando a possibilidade do uso de imagens AVHRR operacionalmente na detecção de novos desmatamentos. Os resultados obtidos, comparando-se os desmatamentos verificados nas imagens AVHRR com os correspondentes dados de alta resolução Landsat-Thematic Mapper (TM), indicaram 49,1\% e 56,56\% de localizacao correta do AVHRR, na análise de 216 e 221 polígonos de desmatamentos de diferentes tamanhos, para os pares de imagens de setembro de 1989 e setembro de 1990, e de julho de 1990 com setembro de 1990, respectivamente. Nas mesmas imagens foram obtidas respectivamente 82\% e 90\% de acerto para 50 polígonos de desmatamentos observados com tamanho mínimo de 3,1 km$^{2}$.<br>The rapid change in the Amazon forest cover has been causing a global concern in association with its impact to the environment. This work describes the results obtained from a low-cost methodology developed to locate new deforestation in the Amazon tropical forest. It combines automatic classification of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) images and a Geographic Information System (GIS). Full resolution and geometrically corrected AVHRR channel 3 (3.5$\mu$m a 3.9$\mu$m) images of different dates were automatically compared in digital form. Changes in the original cover of the vegetation are detected in any two different images, and their locations were determined through the GIS. Tests in the northern of the state of Mato Grosso were presented indicating the possibility of using AVHRR imagery operationally to detect new deforestation. Results comparing deforestation in the AVHRR channel 3 with corresponding high resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images indicated 49.1\% and 56.5\% of AVHRR correct location for 216 and 221 polygons of deforestation with different sizes, for two pairs of images, September 1989 and September 1990, and July 1990, and September 1990 respectively. 82\% and 90\% of correct locations were obtained for the 50 TM polygons with deforestation greater than 3.1km$^{2}$ for the same pairs of images.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Lourdes dos Santos.pdf: 22200619 bytes, checksum: 8be9d8dfc461204769bbf220c43ca901 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-21<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This work aims to introduce the Soka Gakkai International Brazil (BSGI) Women´s Division, a lay organization constituted by followers of Nichiren Buddhism, which promotes a movement for peace through culture and education under the leadership of Daisaku Ikeda. The Women´s Division, formed by adult women, is the association s biggest division, and its members, the majority being non-Japanese descendant, dedicate great part of their time to the spreading of Buddhism and the socialization in the BSGI activities. This research intended to answer the following questions: Who are these BSGI women members, who dedicate in the front of these activities even though not holding leading functions? How much has the Japanese culture influenced these women in their performance and status inside the organization? What makes these women keep going? The result of this work was based on an evaluation of the organization since its founding in Japan, in 1930, up to the present date. As a transplanted organization, the focus of this analysis was both the influence the Japanese had on the running of the organization and on the status held by its women members. Questionnaires, interviews and field research were employed for this purpose. The conclusion revealed that the denomination queen of happiness encourages these women to improve their self-esteem and to reach a world beyond their ordinary daily lives in the outskirts. Moreover, the principle of the oneness of mentor and disciple also encourages them to cope with any prejudice and stereotyping that may emerge in the organization itself<br>Este trabalho busca apresentar a Divisão Feminina da Associação Brasil Soka Gakkai Internacional (BSGI), uma organização formada por leigos que professam a fé no Budismo de Nitiren e promove um movimento pela paz por meio da cultura e da educação, sob a liderança de Daisaku Ikeda. A Divisão Feminina, formada por mulheres adultas, é a maior da entidade, e suas integrantes, em sua maioria mulheres comuns sem ascendência japonesa, dedicam boa parte de seu tempo no movimento de propagação e social da BSGI. Nossa pesquisa pretendeu responder às questões: quem são as mulheres que compõem a BSGI que, mesmo não estando na liderança, se dedicam em suas atividades como principais promotoras? Até que ponto a cultura japonesa tem influenciado essas mulheres em sua atuação e posicionamento na organização? O que move essas mulheres? Apresentamos o resultado da pesquisa que analisou desde sua formação, em 1930 no Japão até os dias atuais. Como uma organização transplantada, verificamos a proporção da influência japonesa na posição que as mulheres ocupam na entidade. Para tanto, distribuímos questionários às integrantes e realizamos entrevistas, além de pesquisa participativa. Percebemos que ser rainha da felicidade ajuda essas mulheres a elevar a autoestima e transitar num mundo além de seu cotidiano na periferia das cidades. E a unicidade de mestre e discípulo as faz sobrepor qualquer tipo de preconceito e discriminação existente na entidade

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>The NASA GSFC’s Wallops Flight Facility’s (WFF) Mobile Range Control System (MRCS) is based on the functionality of the WFF Range Control Center at Wallops Island, Virginia. The MRCS provides real time instantaneous impact predictions, real time flight performance data, and other critical information needed by mission and range safety personnel in support of range operations at remote launch sites. The MRCS integrates a PC telemetry processing system (TELPro), a PC radar processing system (PCDQS), multiple Silicon Graphics display workstations (IRIS), and communication links within a mobile van for worldwide support of orbital, suborbital, and aircraft missions. This paper describes the MRCS configuration; the TELPro’s capability to provide single/dual telemetry tracking and vehicle state data processing; the PCDQS’ capability to provide real time positional data and instantaneous impact prediction for up to 8 data sources; and the IRIS’ user interface for setup/display options. With portability, PC-based data processing, high resolution graphics, and flexible multiple source support, the MRCS system is proving to be responsive to the ever-changing needs of a variety of increasingly complex missions.

Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-02-13T17:03:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Luiz A. Viegas da Silva_2007.pdf: 2703803 bytes, checksum: 32b554e270d5c1f1ae0fc1782dc02ded (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-13T17:03:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Luiz A. Viegas da Silva_2007.pdf: 2703803 bytes, checksum: 32b554e270d5c1f1ae0fc1782dc02ded (MD5)<br>Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências- Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ.<br>Os elevados índices de acidentes industriais e de trabalho que causam impactos ambientais ao planeta e lesões e doenças às pessoas, que ocorrem no mundo e em nosso país, denotam o despreparo de nossa sociedade, em tratar as questões de meio ambiente e de segurança e saúde no trabalho. Com a finalidade de ajudar a reduzir estes índices e de contribuir com a melhoria da qualidade de vida de nossa sociedade, procurou-se obter, como resultado final desta pesquisa, um sistema de gestão de meio ambiente e de segurança e saúde no trabalho. Realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Na pesquisa bibliográfica, procurou-se analisar detalhadamente, um conjunto de sistemas e normas de gestão de meio ambiente e de segurança e saúde no trabalho publicados no Brasil e no mundo, nos últimos trinta e cinco anos. Na pesquisa de campo, verificou-se a eficiência e eficácia dos sistemas de gestão de um determinado segmento de organizações que se encontravam certificadas ou em vias de certificação pelas normas ISO 14001 e OHSAS 18001. Será apresentada também nesta pesquisa, a Análise do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) de uma fabrica de pneus, onde será realizado o estudo de caso (aplicação teórica/ prática). Este estudo aborda as quatro etapas da ACV (extração das matérias primas, fabricação, utilização e fim de vida).<br>The raised indices of industrial accidents and work that they cause ambient impacts to the planet and injuries and illnesses to the people, who occur in the world and our country, denote the unpreparedness of our society, in dealing with the questions to environment and security guard and health in the work. With the purpose to help to reduce these indices and to contribute with the improvement of the quality of life of our society, it was looked to get, as resulted final of this research, a system of security and environment management and health in the work. Bibliographical research and of field was become fullfilled. In the bibliographical research, it was looked to analyze at great length, a set of systems and norms of security and environment management and health in the work published in Brazil and the world, in last the thirty and five years. In the field research, it was verified efficiency and effectiveness of the systems of management of one determined segment of organizations that if found certified or in ways of certification for norms ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001. It will also be presented in this research, the Analysis of the Cycle of Vida (ACV) of one manufactures of tires, where the case study will be carried through (practical theoretical application). This study it approaches the four stages of the ACV (extration of the substances cousins, manufacture, use and end of life)

Um Sistema de Gestão Integrado (SGI) pode ser entendido como uma abordagem que visa o aprimoramento no desempenho de uma organização por meio do ciclo PDCA, e cujos requisitos podem ser baseados em normas mundialmente conhecidas. Apesar do grande volume de pesquisas que abordam formas de se implantar o SGI, uma minoria o relaciona com a abordagem de processos de negócio, que é também um requisito normativo. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa defende que a abordagem de Gerenciamento por Processos de Negócio (Business Process Management - BPM) pode contribuir significativamente para a implantação efetiva e manutenção de um SGI, já que é uma abordagem que apoia a análise e melhoria dos processos de negócio, aspectos essenciais para a estruturação e gerenciamento de um Sistema de Gestão. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho visa propor um guia com etapas, recomendações e instrumentos de apoio para a implantação e manutenção de um SGI por Processos de Negócio, por meio de revisão da literatura (exploratória e sistemática) e avaliação de especialistas. Para esta pesquisa, considerou-se SGI como a integração das normas ISO 9.001:2015 (Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade) e ISO 14.001:2015 (Sistema de Gestão Ambiental), dada a relevância de ambas no cenário atual dos negócios. Os resultados da Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática (RBS) mostraram que as pesquisas que abordam a integração entre SGI e BPM ainda são preliminares e que há oportunidades de aprofundamento no tema. Este trabalho visa contribuir para a compreensão, implantação e manutenção dos requisitos do SGI pelas organizações com base na abordagem de Gerenciamento por Processos de Negócio, sob o ponto de vista prático.<br>An Integrated Management System (IMS) can be understood as an approach that aims to improve organization\'s performance through the PDCA cycle, and whose requirements may be based on globally recognized standards. Despite the large volume of research that addresses ways of implementing an IMS, a minority relates it to the business process approach, which is also a normative requirement. In this context, this research argues that the Business Process Management (BPM) approach can contribute significantly to the effective implementation and maintenance of an IMS, since it supports the analysis and improvement of business processes, essential aspects for the structuring of a Management System. In this context, this work aims to propose a guide with steps, recommendations and support instruments for the structuring and maintenance of a Process-based IMS, through literature review (exploratory and systematic) and expert assessment. For this research, IMS was considered as the integration of ISO 9.001: 2015 (Quality Management System) and ISO 14.001: 2015 (Environmental Management System) standards, given the relevance of both in the current business scenario. The results of the systematic literature review (SLR) have shown that research that addresses the integration between IMS and BPM is still preliminary and that there are opportunities for further study. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding, implementation and maintenance of IMS requirements by organizations based on the business process management approach, in a practical view.

<p>Uppsatsen tar upp SFI:ns karaktär och uppbyggnad, manligt och kvinnligt och motivation. Syfte är att mot bakgrund av tidigare forskning och litteratur undersöka om det finns skillnader mellan mäns och kvinnors motivation att lära sig det svenska språket i en SFI-klass. Det är viktigt att uppmärksamma om sådana skillnader finns så att pedagoger i så fall kan arbeta aktivt för att öka motivationen hos den grupp där det brister. Då kvinnor och män skiljer sig åt på många områden är det troligt att även åtgärder för att öka motivationen bör se olika ut, beroende på vilken grupp man vänder sig till. Resultaten av denna undersökning är därför i högsta grad relevanta för utformningen av en god SFI-undervisning. Undersökningen skedde i form av enkäter på en skola där endast Komvux och SFI- undervisning bedrivs. Undersökningsresultaten visade att kvinnorna tenderade att vara mer motiverade än männen när det gäller att tillgodogöra sig det svenska språket i en SFI-klass.</p>

Les écoulements polyphasiques sont constitués de différentes tailles d'inclusions et de structures turbulentes. Les formalismes classiques diphasiques sont généralement dédiés à une gamme restreinte de tailles d'interface. Les travaux entrepris ici proposent un formalisme à deux fluides compressible permettant de prendre en compte différentes tailles d'interface, appellé Simulation des Grandes Interfaces (SGI). Une opération de filtrage a été réalisée, s'inspirant de la LES monophasique, afin de simuler les grandes interfaces (GI) et de modéliser les petites (PI). Le terme de force capillaire de GI apparaissant dans les équations de quantité de mouvement est modélisé à l'aide de la méthode CSF. Les termes interfaciaux associés aux petites inclusions sont modélisés par les lois de fermeture classique utilisées par l'approche moyennée. Pour calculer les termes GI uniquement à la présence d'une GI, un algorithme de reconnaissance des GI est développé à partir d'un critère adimensionnel. Le modèle SGI est appliqué à l'aide d'un code diphasique moyenné. La reconnaissance des GI et la modélisation des forces capillaires de GI sont validées sur des cas analytiques et expérimentaux. Le modèle SGI est appliqué à la fragmentation d'une bulle soumise à un champ liquide turbulent; à la fragmentation d'une bulle (passage de GI et de PI) soumise à la gravité et traversant une grille. Puis impactant sur un plafond (passage de PI à GI)<br>Different ranges of size of interfaces and eddies are involved in multiphase flow phenomena. Classical formalisms focus on a specifie range of size. This study presents a Large Interface Simulation (LIS) two-fluid compressible formalism taking into account different sizes of interfaces. As in the single-phase Large Eddy Simulation, a filtering process is used to point out Large Interface (LI) simulation and Smallinterface (SI) modelisation. The LI surface tension force is modelled adaptating the well-known CSF method. The modelling of SI transfer terms is done calling for classical closure laws of the averaged approach. To simulate accurately LI transfer terms, we develop a LI recognition algorithm based on a dimensionless criterion. The LIS model is applied in a classical averaged two-fluid code. The LI transfer terms modelling and the LI recognition are validated on analytical and experimental tests. A square base basin excited by a horizontal periodic movement is studied with the LIS mode!. The capability of the model is also shown on the case of the break-up of a bubble in a turbulent liquid flow. The break-up of a large bubble at a gridimpact performed regime transition between two different scales of interface from LI to SI and from PI to LI

Depression is a significant public health problem for young adults of college age, and negative life events exacerbate risk. Not all individuals who experience negative life events, however, report depressive symptoms, perhaps owing to protective characteristics. We examined one such characteristic, trait hope, a goal-oriented construct, as a potential moderator of the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms in an ethnically diverse sample of 386 college students. In support of our hypotheses, negative life events were significantly associated with greater levels of depressive symptoms, and higher levels of hope attenuated this relationship, such that those with greater hope reported fewer depressive symptoms related to potentially traumatic events. The moderating effect of hope did not differ across ethnic groups. Our findings have implications for managing the sequelae of negative life events, including depression. Cognitive–behavioural interventions tailored to help young adults identify and attain important life goals might help to overcome psychopathology associated with life stress. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bakgrunden till denna undersökning är att uttal är en viktig del av språket att behärska, samtidigt som det finns indikationer på att uttalsundervisningen inom Svenska för invandrare (SFI) är eftersatt. Ändå uppnår elever inom SFI ett förståeligt uttal och därför antogs att de använder sig av självstudier i uttal och skulle ha uppfattningar om hur de lärt sig uttal. Syftet med denna undersökning var att beskriva och analysera några SFI-elevers uppfattningar av metoder för att lära svenskt uttal, för att ur detta dra slutsatser av didaktisk betydelse för uttalsundervisning inom SFI. Detta undersöktes genom tre forskningsfrågor kring metoder som eleverna uppfattar har hjälpt dem att lära svenskt uttal. Kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra SFI-elever som har gott uttal genomfördes på deras egen skola. Två elever i taget intervjuades under cirka en timme och det uppstod ett fritt samtal om hur de uppfattar att de har lärt uttal. Resultatet är en lång rad metoder som eleverna uppfattar har hjälpt dem för lärande av svenskt uttal: lyssna, läsa, syssla med korrigering, höra, repetera, titta, umgås med människor, prata, arbeta, göra läxan, kämpa, vilja samt ha rätt inställning. En förhållandevis stor del av dessa metoder nämns inte i den tidigare forskningen. Metoder som eleverna nämnde har hjälpt mest är lyssna, repetera långa ord, läsa högt, vilja lära uttal, umgås med människor, ta hjälp av sitt barn samt kämpa. Endast några få metoder från själva SFI-undervisningen nämndes av eleverna. Därför dras i diskussionen slutsatsen att det behövs mer uttalsundervisning inom SFI, särskilt undervisning i prosodi. En annan slutsats är att de metoder som informanterna nämner bör påverka SFI didaktiskt och tre exempel ges på hur detta kan ske.

I dagens läroplan för grundskolan (Lgr 11) finns syftesbeskrivningar för de naturOrienterande (NO) ämnena som säger att eleverna ska utveckla kunskaper och redskap för att formulera och granska information och andras argument samt ta ställning i frågor som rör ämnen med naturvetenskapligt innehåll. Detta är formuleringar som speglar det man i dag anser att NO-undervisningen ska ge de elever som går ut grundskolan. I det här arbetet har elever i slutet av högstadiet fått argumentera kring användandet av genmodifierade grödor (Genetically Modified Organism, GMO). Detta är ett exempel på så kallade Samhällsfrågor med Naturvetenskapligt Innehåll (SNI) och den här typen av samhällsfrågor har lyfts fram som ett sätt att arbeta med de formuleringar som nu finns i läroplanen. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka högstadieelevers användning av argument i en naturvetenskapligt grundad diskussion och hur användningen av SNI i undervisningen kan hjälpa elever att utveckla sin argumentationsteknik och sitt intresse för naturvetenskap. Elevernas argumentation kring frågan om GMO har analyserats utifrån en analysmodell som är utvecklad för granskning av argumentation om SNI. Den här studien har funnit att användandet av SNI fungerar väl för att testa delar av läroplanens kunskapskrav men att det kräver noga förberedelser och att övningarna är väl uppbyggda.

Syftet med arbetet är att ta reda på hur de svårigheter som förekommer inom SFI yttrar sig, enligt tre lärare som arbetar i en kommun i Sverige och vilka metoder som används, för att motverka de svårigheter som förekommer. Metoden är att intervjua tre lärare och sedan göra en tematisk analys, där fem teman bildats, som står för de största svårigheterna. Dessa är resursproblematik, metod och anpassningsproblematik, kulturell/religiös problematik, psykisk problematik och bristande metakognitiv insikt. Metod och didaktik är ytterligare ett tema som bildats och som står för de metoder som används för att motverka de svårigheter som förekommer. Resultatet överensstämmer med tidigare forskning vad gäller de svårigheter som förekommer. Dock visar forskningen på fler metoder som visat sig effektiva för att motverka svårigheterna, än vad respondenterna nämner. Slutsatsen är att det råder brist på metoder som krävs för att kunna anpassa undervisningen efter varje individs behov, både vad det gäller språkinlärningen, men också metoder för att höja elevernas motivation.

Aim of this master’s thesis is create universal converter communication protocols. This converter will be instrumental towards testing attendance single communication protocol on microprocessors FREESCALE. Test instrument is behind purpose ease testing software PROCESSOR EXPERT. Processor expert is extended software for CODEWARRIROR. Test instrument is connected over interface USB to personal computer. PC is used like evolution tool for testing single periphery. Device could be used in future for other peripheries.

<p>The design and implementation of a synthesizable model of the Serial Communication Interface and Synchronous Serial Interface, which constitutes the Port C of Motorola DSP56002 is presented in this report. They serves as a full duplex serial interface to other DSPs, processors, codecs, digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters and other transducers. The SCI block is able to handle a data rate of 5Mbps in Synchronous mode and 625Kbps in asynchronous mode for a 40MHz clock. It supports five word formats including a multidrop mode for multiprocessor systems. SSI provides a data rate of 10Mbps for the same 40 MHz clock. The design includes a programmable on-chip or external baud rate generator/interrupt timer for the SCI and a clock generator and frame Sync generator for the SSI.</p><p>The thesis focus on arriving at a full functional description of individual blocks included with Port C from the data sheets and product users manual. From this operational description a behavioural model was developed. The structure and implementation is based on the Motorola DSP56002 with additional support for a variable data-width. The model is written completely in behavioural VHDL with a top-down approach and the model was verified and validated.</p>

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE<br>This paper proposes a discussion about the link between organizational communication and marketing. Although they are related subjects, they are often analyzed under different perspectives. Its general objective is to understand how the integration between communication and marketing occurs, both in theory and in practice, observing as an example cases companies participating in the Petrogás SE Network. These companies are certified by ISO and audited periodically, in addition it has as system of management the Integrated Management System (SGI). From the protocol created by Yin (2015) a research was done on how the integrated communication of marketing has been worked in these institutional environments. Our intention was to understand if having an Integrated Management System makes the communication and marketing of these companies professional or close to what is said in theory. In order to do so, a qualitative research was done using the methodology. Unique and holistic case study proposed by Yin (2015), being used as participant observation method and semi-structured interviews. Through the study it can be seen that even in the strict methods proposed by international norms, both communication and marketing have been neglected in these institutions. There is a great lack of knowledge and lack of preparation regarding the areas addressed by the administrators and the absence of specific professionals to implement organizational communication actions and their integration into marketing.<br>Este trabalho propõe uma discussão sobre a ligação existente entre comunicação organizacional e marketing. Apesar de serem assuntos correlatos, são frequentemente analisados sob óticas diferentes. Seu objetivo geral é entender como acontece a integração entre comunicação e marketing, tanto na teoria quanto na prática, observando como exemplo casos empresas participantes da Rede Petrogás SE. Tais empresas são certificadas pelas ISO e auditadas periodicamente, além disso tem como sistema de gestão o Sistema de Gestão Integrada (SGI). A partir do protocolo criado por Yin (2015) foi feita uma pesquisa sobre como a comunicação integrada de marketing vem sendo trabalhada nesses ambientes institucionais. Nosso intuito foi perceber se o fato de terem um Sistema de Gestão Integrada faz com que a comunicação e o marketing dessas empresas sejam profissionais, ou se aproximem do que é dito na teoria. Para tanto foi feita uma pesquisa qualitativa, com utilização da metodologia Estudo de caso único e holístico proposto por Yin (2015) sendo utilizados como método de coleta observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Através do estudo pode-se perceber que mesmo atendendo a métodos rígidos propostos por normas internacionais, tanto a comunicação, quanto o marketing vem sendo muito negligenciados nessas instituições. Existe um grande desconhecimento e despreparo com relação as áreas abordadas por parte dos administradores e ausência de profissionais específicos para implantação de ações de comunicação organizacional e sua integração ao marketing.

L'intégration monolithique des composants de puissance se justifie par la réduction des coûts de fabrication et par l'amélioration des performances des dispositifs électroniques de puissance en termes de fonctionnalités et de fiabilité. Pour l'heure, ce domaine de l'électronique de puissance ne concerne que les applications faible et moyenne puissance. En effet l'isolation entre les différentes fonctions électriques demeure l'aspect le plus pénalisant en ce qui concerne la fiabilité de ce type de composant. Dans cette étude nous nous proposons de caractériser deux types d'isolation. Notre travail porte tout d'abord sur l'interaction puissance-commande entre un nouveau composant de puissance à grille isolée bidirectionnel en tension, le MBS (Mos Bidirectional Switch), et sa commande intégrée. Il s'agit alors de montrer les limites de l'isolation par jonction PN lorsque le niveau de tension atteint quelques centaines de volts (600 V). Des modèles sont développés pour permettre de comprendre les phénomènes de génération des perturbations durant les différents régimes de fonctionnement de l'interrupteur de puissance. Dans un second temps, nous nous intéressons à l'étude des interactions entre composants de puissance au travers de la caractérisation de l'isolation diélectrique des composants sur SOI (Silicon On Insulator). Nous déterminons alors le couplage capacitif qui existe entre deux caissons d'isolation et qui peut conduire à un déclenchement parasite des composants réalisés à l'intérieur. Enfin l'ensemble de notre réflexion sur les performances des deux types d'isolation est synthétisée dans un bilan comparatif, dont l'objectif final est de mieux cerner les domaines d'applications de ces deux choix technologiques.

Med syftet att undersöka hur sfi lärare upplever det egna lärandet inom sitt yrke fann vi att deltagarna tyckte sig lära varje dag på sin arbetsplats. Lärarna upplevde att de tog till sig ny kunskap av olika slag på både ett personligt plan och i sin yrkesroll. Med kvalitativ metod och öppna intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod fick vi ta del av lärarnas upplevelser från deras vardag i arbetet. Det empiriska materialet analyserades sedan med hjälp av Säljö´s sociokulturella perspektiv på lärande. Det vi kom fram till var att dessa sfi lärare hade bra förutsättningar i form av närhet till kollegorna, tillåtande arbetsplatskultur och tid för att kunna lära sig ny kunskap och utvecklas.

Bakgrund: Det står klart och tydligt i Skollagen (2010:800), SkolL, 1 kap. 4 §: att utbildningen inom skolväsendet ska främja alla elevers lust att lära. Därmed har lärare ett uppdrag att stimulera och motivera lärandet hos elever. Utifrån vårt arbete på SFI är det utmanande att uppfylla detta krav främst på grund av elevernas olika förutsättningar, precis som Eriksson-Sjöö (2002) beskriver i sin licentiatavhandling. Syfte: Undersökningens övergripande syfte har varit att få kunskap om hur SFI-lärare arbetar för att motivera sina elever till lärande av svenska som andraspråk. Vidare är syftet att se vilka strategier som används kopplat till vad tidigare forskningsresultat visar på inom detta valda område. Metod: Den metod som tillämpades till studien är den kvalitativa med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Anledningen är att låta SFI-lärare berätta fritt om sina upplevelser och erfarenheter med utgång från vår intervjuguide. Samtalen spelades in med mobiltelefon alternativt i Google Meet. Till analysen transkriberades alla intervjuerna. Resultat: Resultatet av denna studie visar att SFI-lärare är eniga om några framgångsrika lärarstrategier och arbetsmetoder som lärarna upplever stimulerar och höjer elevers motivation till lärandet av svenska. I undersökningen framgår även olika strategier som används i SFIundervisningen. Det omfattar engagemang, vardagslivsanknytning, personliga intressen, bemötande och positiv klassrumsmiljö.

Many large coal mining operations in Australia rely heavily on the rail network to transport coal from mines to coal terminals at ports for shipment. Over the last few years, due to the fast growing demand, the coal rail network is becoming one of the worst industrial bottlenecks in Australia. As a result, this provides great incentives for pursuing better optimisation and control strategies for the operation of the whole rail transportation system under network and terminal capacity constraints. This PhD research aims to achieve a significant efficiency improvement in a coal rail network on the basis of the development of standard modelling approaches and generic solution techniques. Generally, the train scheduling problem can be modelled as a Blocking Parallel- Machine Job-Shop Scheduling (BPMJSS) problem. In a BPMJSS model for train scheduling, trains and sections respectively are synonymous with jobs and machines and an operation is regarded as the movement/traversal of a train across a section. To begin, an improved shifting bottleneck procedure algorithm combined with metaheuristics has been developed to efficiently solve the Parallel-Machine Job- Shop Scheduling (PMJSS) problems without the blocking conditions. Due to the lack of buffer space, the real-life train scheduling should consider blocking or hold-while-wait constraints, which means that a track section cannot release and must hold a train until the next section on the routing becomes available. As a consequence, the problem has been considered as BPMJSS with the blocking conditions. To develop efficient solution techniques for BPMJSS, extensive studies on the nonclassical scheduling problems regarding the various buffer conditions (i.e. blocking, no-wait, limited-buffer, unlimited-buffer and combined-buffer) have been done. In this procedure, an alternative graph as an extension of the classical disjunctive graph is developed and specially designed for the non-classical scheduling problems such as the blocking flow-shop scheduling (BFSS), no-wait flow-shop scheduling (NWFSS), and blocking job-shop scheduling (BJSS) problems. By exploring the blocking characteristics based on the alternative graph, a new algorithm called the topological-sequence algorithm is developed for solving the non-classical scheduling problems. To indicate the preeminence of the proposed algorithm, we compare it with two known algorithms (i.e. Recursive Procedure and Directed Graph) in the literature. Moreover, we define a new type of non-classical scheduling problem, called combined-buffer flow-shop scheduling (CBFSS), which covers four extreme cases: the classical FSS (FSS) with infinite buffer, the blocking FSS (BFSS) with no buffer, the no-wait FSS (NWFSS) and the limited-buffer FSS (LBFSS). After exploring the structural properties of CBFSS, we propose an innovative constructive algorithm named the LK algorithm to construct the feasible CBFSS schedule. Detailed numerical illustrations for the various cases are presented and analysed. By adjusting only the attributes in the data input, the proposed LK algorithm is generic and enables the construction of the feasible schedules for many types of non-classical scheduling problems with different buffer constraints. Inspired by the shifting bottleneck procedure algorithm for PMJSS and characteristic analysis based on the alternative graph for non-classical scheduling problems, a new constructive algorithm called the Feasibility Satisfaction Procedure (FSP) is proposed to obtain the feasible BPMJSS solution. A real-world train scheduling case is used for illustrating and comparing the PMJSS and BPMJSS models. Some real-life applications including considering the train length, upgrading the track sections, accelerating a tardy train and changing the bottleneck sections are discussed. Furthermore, the BPMJSS model is generalised to be a No-Wait Blocking Parallel- Machine Job-Shop Scheduling (NWBPMJSS) problem for scheduling the trains with priorities, in which prioritised trains such as express passenger trains are considered simultaneously with non-prioritised trains such as freight trains. In this case, no-wait conditions, which are more restrictive constraints than blocking constraints, arise when considering the prioritised trains that should traverse continuously without any interruption or any unplanned pauses because of the high cost of waiting during travel. In comparison, non-prioritised trains are allowed to enter the next section immediately if possible or to remain in a section until the next section on the routing becomes available. Based on the FSP algorithm, a more generic algorithm called the SE algorithm is developed to solve a class of train scheduling problems in terms of different conditions in train scheduling environments. To construct the feasible train schedule, the proposed SE algorithm consists of many individual modules including the feasibility-satisfaction procedure, time-determination procedure, tune-up procedure and conflict-resolve procedure algorithms. To find a good train schedule, a two-stage hybrid heuristic algorithm called the SE-BIH algorithm is developed by combining the constructive heuristic (i.e. the SE algorithm) and the local-search heuristic (i.e. the Best-Insertion- Heuristic algorithm). To optimise the train schedule, a three-stage algorithm called the SE-BIH-TS algorithm is developed by combining the tabu search (TS) metaheuristic with the SE-BIH algorithm. Finally, a case study is performed for a complex real-world coal rail network under network and terminal capacity constraints. The computational results validate that the proposed methodology would be very promising because it can be applied as a fundamental tool for modelling and solving many real-world scheduling problems.

Streamciphers are common cryptographic algorithms used to protect the confidentiality of frame-based communications like mobile phone conversations and Internet traffic. Streamciphers are ideal cryptographic algorithms to encrypt these types of traffic as they have the potential to encrypt them quickly and securely, and have low error propagation. The main objective of this thesis is to determine whether structural features of keystream generators affect the security provided by stream ciphers.These structural features pertain to the state-update and output functions used in keystream generators. Using linear sequences as keystream to encrypt messages is known to be insecure. Modern keystream generators use nonlinear sequences as keystream.The nonlinearity can be introduced through a keystream generator's state-update function, output function, or both. The first contribution of this thesis relates to nonlinear sequences produced by the well-known Trivium stream cipher. Trivium is one of the stream ciphers selected in a final portfolio resulting from a multi-year project in Europe called the ecrypt project. Trivium's structural simplicity makes it a popular cipher to cryptanalyse, but to date, there are no attacks in the public literature which are faster than exhaustive keysearch. Algebraic analyses are performed on the Trivium stream cipher, which uses a nonlinear state-update and linear output function to produce keystream. Two algebraic investigations are performed: an examination of the sliding property in the initialisation process and algebraic analyses of Trivium-like streamciphers using a combination of the algebraic techniques previously applied separately by Berbain et al. and Raddum. For certain iterations of Trivium's state-update function, we examine the sets of slid pairs, looking particularly to form chains of slid pairs. No chains exist for a small number of iterations.This has implications for the period of keystreams produced by Trivium. Secondly, using our combination of the methods of Berbain et al. and Raddum, we analysed Trivium-like ciphers and improved on previous on previous analysis with regards to forming systems of equations on these ciphers. Using these new systems of equations, we were able to successfully recover the initial state of Bivium-A.The attack complexity for Bivium-B and Trivium were, however, worse than exhaustive keysearch. We also show that the selection of stages which are used as input to the output function and the size of registers which are used in the construction of the system of equations affect the success of the attack. The second contribution of this thesis is the examination of state convergence. State convergence is an undesirable characteristic in keystream generators for stream ciphers, as it implies that the effective session key size of the stream cipher is smaller than the designers intended. We identify methods which can be used to detect state convergence. As a case study, theMixer streamcipher, which uses nonlinear state-update and output functions to produce keystream, is analysed. Mixer is found to suffer from state convergence as the state-update function used in its initialisation process is not one-to-one. A discussion of several other streamciphers which are known to suffer from state convergence is given. From our analysis of these stream ciphers, three mechanisms which can cause state convergence are identified.The effect state convergence can have on stream cipher cryptanalysis is examined. We show that state convergence can have a positive effect if the goal of the attacker is to recover the initial state of the keystream generator. The third contribution of this thesis is the examination of the distributions of bit patterns in the sequences produced by nonlinear filter generators (NLFGs) and linearly filtered nonlinear feedback shift registers. We show that the selection of stages used as input to a keystream generator's output function can affect the distribution of bit patterns in sequences produced by these keystreamgenerators, and that the effect differs for nonlinear filter generators and linearly filtered nonlinear feedback shift registers. In the case of NLFGs, the keystream sequences produced when the output functions take inputs from consecutive register stages are less uniform than sequences produced by NLFGs whose output functions take inputs from unevenly spaced register stages. The opposite is true for keystream sequences produced by linearly filtered nonlinear feedback shift registers.

This research explores the type and quantity of sustainability-related information that is distributed to potential home buyers and examines the role of practitioners. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the roles of property practitioners in assisting home buyers to make informed-decision during property purchase selection phase. A framework has been created to involve property practitioners in the information gathering and distribution process that helps to provide a more complete information flow from the design and construction stage to the purchasing stage of the property.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T01:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 211108.pdf: 1524852 bytes, checksum: e643234e9dfd2200f84a4dfd3047057b (MD5)<br>A gestão ambiental vem despertando interesse e ocupando maiores espaços em muitos segmentos por figurar entre os assuntos relevantes para a sociedade e fazer parte do espectro de discussões no âmbito das organizações, principalmente no que tange às implicações referentes à sobrevivência de organizações. O presente trabalho de investigação consiste na implementação de uma unidade de gestão ambiental no município de San Ignácio de Velasco, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolívia, interpretando a legislação boliviana e descrevendo o funcionamento da gestão ambiental municipal para ajudar com as melhorias na qualidade de vida da população, com a preservação de seu meio ambiente. Os dados para a realização do estudo foram coletados através de fontes secundárias (documentos legais da empresa) e entrevistas não estruturadas aplicada junto aos funcionários do município. O estudo demonstrou que mesmo com as leis vigentes, como a Lei de Meio Ambiente, o município não possui uma forma adequada de fazer gestão ambiental, seja interpretando e entendendo melhor as leis ambientais e municipais, seja estruturando um modelo de gestão, o que dificulta o desenvolvimento de projetos, bem como o controle, a proteção e a conservação do meio ambiente e dos recursos naturais. Neste sentido, a pesquisa propõe a unidade ambiental para ser implementada e apresenta algumas reflexões sobre questões ecológicas, focalizando preceitos de ecologia que indicam novos caminhos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, como as tecnologias limpas e o sistema de gestão ambiental.

Esta pesquisa tem em sua linha principal a avaliação da infraestrutura da via permanente dos sistemas de transporte público urbano sobre trilhos. A avaliação é alcançada a partir da proposta de utilização de um sistema de gerência de pavimentos (SGP), aliado a um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG) e a um banco de dados relacional que suporte operações geográficas. O trabalho também sugere um conjunto de indicadores, para o gerenciamento da manutenção da via permanente. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica extensa sobre os assuntos relacionados para identificar soluções semelhantes que tenham sido implantadas. A pesquisa bibliográfica não identificou nenhum trabalho que tenha abordado este tema voltado ao transporte público urbano sobre trilhos, contudo foram identificadas linhas de pesquisa voltadas ao transporte de carga que compartilham do mesmo objetivo, utilizar um SIG para a gerência do ativo. Também foram identificados sistemas de suporte a decisão para ferrovias, sem o módulo de informações geográficas. A utilização de modelos de degradação, análise do ciclo de vida e análise de confiabilidade, disponibilidade, manutenabilidade e segurança são usadas, e estudadas, com relativa frequência na literatura especializada, usando a ferrovia como exemplo de aplicação. Os resultados alcançados por esses estudos foram incorporados nesta pesquisa. A partir de um método qualitativo o SIG e o banco de dados relacional foram escolhidos. Os indicadores de manutenção foram estudados e escolhidos a partir da literatura e experiência do autor. Utilizando (i) dados de operação e manutenção de um sistema de transporte metroferroviário, (ii) os resultados dos trabalhos identificados na pesquisa bibliográfica e (iii) o referencial teórico consultado, foram calculados os tempos médios entre falhas, a evolução de degradação de componentes da via permanente e o intervalo adequado de manutenção, utilizando recursos do banco de dados. Estes cálculos serviram de entrada para elaboração de mapas temáticos. Os mapas temáticos contêm informações sobre o nível de degradação da via e quais as manutenções a serem realizadas. O sistema também fornece os custos envolvidos em cada uma das operações de manutenção. Estas informações são primordiais para que o gestor do ativo possa escolher a opção que apresente o melhor custo-benefício, com base em informações apuradas, melhorando a qualidade de sua decisão.<br>This research has the goal assess the permanent way infrastructure of urban public transport systems on rails. This assessment is result of a proposal to use a pavement management system (PMS), coupled with a geographic information system (GIS) and a relational database that supports geographical operations. The research also suggests a set of indicators for the management of the maintenance of the permanent way. The survey ran from an extensive literature to identify similar solutions deployed. The literature review did not identify any work that has addressed this issue back to urban public transport on rails. Were identified lines of research aimed at cargo transport that shares the same goal, using a GIS for asset management. In addition, decision support systems have been identified for railways, without geographical information module. It is easy to find use of degradation patterns, life cycle analysis and reliability analysis, availability, maintainability and safety in the literature, using the railway as example. The results achieved by these studies were included in this study. From a qualitative method, GIS and relational database were chosen. Maintenance indicators were chosen using the literature and the author\'s experience as basis. Data operation and maintenance of a metro system, the results of the work identified in the literature and a technical and theoretical framework from literature served as line to calculate the mean time between failures, the rate of degradation of permanent way components and the appropriate maintenance period. These calculations served as input in database for the preparation of thematic maps in the GIS. Thematic maps contain information about the track degradation level and the maintenance needed to be performed. The system also provides the costs of each maintenance step. The information generated by the system can help the manager to choose the option with best tradeoff, improving the decision quality.

I en artikel i SAOB författad år 1933 beskrivs uttrycket i och för sig som en prepositionsfras med funktionen att framhålla hur någonting är beskaffat i sig självt. Vid sidan av i och för sig nämns variationsmöjligheterna i och för sig själv, i sig och i sig själv. Idag är i och för sig ett lexikaliserat satsadverb med koncessiv innebörd. En jämförelse mellan hur i och för sig används idag och hur uttrycket be­skrivs i SAOB ger vid handen att uttrycket måste ha genomgått en grammatikalisering. Syftet med den här undersökningen är att beskriva hur grammatikaliseringen av i och för sig har gått till. Materialet för undersökningen är excerperat från Språkbankens korpusar, och utgörs av tidningstext från år 1820 till och med år 2013. Sammantaget består materialet av 1000 meningar med belägg på i och för sig, fördelat på 20-årsperioder, med hundra belägg från varje period. Undersökningen består av dels en syntaktisk, dels en semantisk analys. Den syntaktiska analysen utgörs huvudsakligen av en funktions- och positionsanalys. Därtill har jag studerat när varianten i och för sig själv försvann ur materialet samt kartlagt avvecklingen av förekomster av i och för sig efter negerande och fokuserande adverbial i satsens mittfält. Samtliga tre syntaktiska delanalyser syftar till att fastställa dels när i och för sig börjar användas på det moderna sättet, dels när den äldre varianten inte längre är gångbar. Den semantiska analysen går ut på att analysera hur den koncessiva betydelsen kan ha blivit en del av uttryckets semantik genom inferens från kontexten i meningar där uttryckets betydelse var vag eller polysem. Genom att resonera utifrån resultatet från den syntaktiska och den semantiska analysen besvarar jag sedan hur semantik och syntax verkar ha samspelat i processen. Resultatet visar att den moderna användningen av i och för sig började kunna användas vid sidan av den äldre omkring år 1920. Fram till omkring år 1970 kunde i och för sig användas dels med antingen entydigt äldre eller entydigt modern betydelse och funktion (entydigt äldre var vanligare i början av grammatikaliseringsprocessen och entydigt modern var vanligare mot slutet), dels i kontexter där både den äldre och den moderna tolkningen var möjliga. Ur syntaktiskt perspektiv innebär dessa tvetydiga användningar att inga formella hinder fanns för endera tolkningen. Ur ett semantiskt perspektiv innebär tolkningsmöjligheten att betydelsen var vag eller polysem. Den här typen av användningar som är syntaktiskt tvetydiga och semantiskt vaga/polysema var vanliga under 1940-, 50- och 60-talen. Yttrandet som helhet betyder ofta ungefär samma sak i dessa användningar, oavsett om i och för sig tolkas som äldre eller modernt. Således kan syntaktiska reanalyser och semantiska omtolkningar ske utan att det påverkar kommunikationen. Det är främst genom dessa användningar som grammatikaliseringen av i och för sig bedöms ha skett.

This thesis addresses the manufacturing of complex three-dimensional structures using planar nano-fabrication techniques and a stress-driven self-assembly process in group IV semiconductors. In the state of the art, the method called nanostructured origami, advocated here, has been used to achieve controlled fabrication of rolled-up, wrinkled and folded structures in different material systems. At the same time a new field of silicon technology based on transferable and engineered nanomembranes has developed with the realization of the fact that excellent properties of bulk Si are preserved in nm-thin layers released from the substrate surface. Furthermore, strained Si and SiGe membranes have received much attention as efficient templates to improve Si based device performance. This work focuses on finely tuning the inherent strain in Si-based membranes in order to reliably fold them into rolled-up and wrinkled structures. The topics include manufacturing, in depth characterization and potential applications of the fabricated objects. All samples investigated here have a multilayered structure comprising a sacrificial layer and an all semiconductor or hybrid functional layer. A selective underetching procedure is used to release the nanomembranes from their substrates. The strain profile in the growth direction of the functional layer is one of the key parameters to define the 3D objects forming during the release of the membranes from the substrate. Rolled-up tubes are achieved, for instance, by defining a bilayer strip in the region where bending is to take place. The upper layer of these areas is intentionally deposited with as much residual stress as possible. This intrinsic stress causes the defined slab to curl in a predictable fashion when released from the substrate by selective etching of the sacrificial film. Wrinkled structures are achieved by release of films with a uniform compressive strain from the substrate surface. Three different multilayer stacks are used here, i.e., Si:B/SiGe:B, SiGe and Si functional layers on a Si, SiO₂, and Ge sacrificial layer, respectively. Major contributions of this thesis are the fabrication of integrated microtube resistors based on Si:B/SiGe:B tubes; the use of the Ge condensation technique to tailor the strain distribution in SiGe films on insulator; the manufacturing of fully scalable and CMOS compatible all-semiconductor and hybrid tubes ; the development of the REBOLA (RElease and BOndback of LAyers) technology for the fabrication of linear and circular networks formed by interconnected wrinkled structures; the experimental demonstration of light emission from Ge and Si nanoparticles integrated in a tube wall; the observation and investigation of the waveguiding effect along the axis of SiO_x/Si tubes. For manufacturing of integrated microtube resistors, two-dimensional strained templates are created by MBE growth of Si:B/SiGe:B bilayers on an intrinsic Si sacrificial layer. Conventional patterning techniques are used to define a mesa for a rolled-up tube bridged between two electrodes on the strained film. The pattern is designed taking into account the anisotropic nature of Si etching by the used solution, and a preferential rolling of the film in the &lt;010&gt; direction of the Si crystal. After definition of the electrical contacts in the dedicated areas, rolled-up tubes bridged between two large terminal areas are fabricated by selective etching of the Si sacrificial layer. Linear I-V curves are recorded both for unreleased and rolled-up films, and an increase of the bilayer resistance after release from the substrate is observed. Scalability of the electrical resistance of tubes is achieved by tuning the rolled-up bilayer thickness and the tube diameter. SGOI substrates with various thicknesses and Ge composition profiles are fabricated by using the Ge condensation technique. For this purpose a SiGe layer with low Ge content is epitaxially grown on an ultra-thin SOI wafer and the obtained heterostructure undergoes dry thermal oxidation. Upon exposure to oxygen gas, Si in the SiGe layer is selectively oxidized, and the Ge piles up in the semiconductor layer at the receding SiO₂/SiGe interface. The growing and the buried oxides act as barriers for the Ge out-diffusion, leading to the simultaneous thinning and Ge enrichment of the semiconductor film. Different Ge distribution profiles are created in the SiGe films by tuning the duration and/or the temperature of the oxidation process. An in-situ post-annealing step in nitrogen atmosphere is also used to tailor the composition profile in the film. Rolled-up microtubes and interconnected wrinkled structures are fabricated by releasing SiGe films graded and homogeneous in composition, respectively, by selective etching of the buried SiO₂ layer. Hybrid metal/semiconductor tubes are fabricated by using Si and SiGe films on insulator as templates. A patterned Cr film is thermally evaporated on the SOI and SGOI substrates and a starting edge for the rolling process is defined by photolithography and RIE (reactive ion etching). The inherent tensile strain in the Cr layer creates a strain gradient sufficient to drive the upward bending of the Cr/Si or Cr/SiGe bilayer once the film is released from the substrate. The third part of the thesis focuses on functionalization of rolled-up tubes as optical devices. SiO_x/Si and SiGe tubes undergo high temperature annealing treatment to induce the formation of Si and Ge nanostructures in the tube wall. Intense photoluminescence in the visible spectrum range is acquired at room temperature from these structures. A detailed investigation of light emission and propagation in SiO_x/Si tube is performed. Finally the rolled-up microtubes are shown to work as optical ring-resonators and waveguides. These results conclusively demonstrate the ability to pattern Si-based membranes with nanoscale features and controllably fold them into a predetermined 3D configuration by finely tuning the strain distribution in the membranes by well-estabilished deposition and growth processes i.e., molecular beam epitaxy, physical vapor deposition, and thermal oxidation. Future work may involve the use of selective epitaxy, local oxidation and strained metal or insulator film deposition to locally engineer the strain distribution on the same template. Selecting an appropriate geometry of starting etching windows allows in that case a batch production of different kinds of interconnected structures (tubes, coils and channel networks) by selective etching of a sacrificial buffer layer. This is a promising step to implement various functionalities, i.e, electron devices (SiGe/Si tubes as rolled-up resistors, or metal/semiconductor tubes as inductors), fluidic devices (interconnected wrinkled structures as nanofluidic channel networks), or optical devices (Si-based tubes with integrated emitters as ring-resonators or waveguides) on the same substrate and eventually on a transferable membrane<br>Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Herstellung von komplexen dreidimensionalen Strukturen unter der Verwendung planarer Nano-Fabrikationsmethoden und Verspannungsgetriebener Selbstordnungsprozesse. Die hier vorgestellte Methode, das sogenannte nanostrukturierte Origami, wird benutzt, um gezielt gerollte und gefaltete Strukturen verschiedener Materialklassen herzustellen. Gleichzeitig hat sich ein neues Feld der Siliziumtechnologie etabliert, welches darauf beruht, dass in ultradünnen, von der Substratoberfläche losgelösten Schichten die sehr guten Eigenschaften des Siliziumfestkörpers erhalten bleiben. Des Weiteren wurde Si und SiGe Membranen vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit als Ausgangsmaterial für Si-basierte Bauelemente zuteil. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Feineinstellung der Verspannung in Si-basierten Membranen zur reproduzierbaren Herstellung von aufgerollten und gefalteten Strukturen. Die Aufgabenstellung schließt die Fertigung, die weitgehende Charakterisierung und potentielle Verwendung der Strukturen ein. Alle in dieser Arbeit verwendeten Proben bestehen aus Multilagen, die sowohl eine Opferschicht als auch eine funktionelle Halbleiter- oder Hybridlage enthalten. Durch einen selektiven Prozess werden die Nanomembranen von ihrem Substrat abgelöst. Das Verspannungsprofil in Wachstumsrichtung der funktionellen Schicht ist einer der Schlüsselparameter, um die Art der 3D Objekte vorherzubestimmen, die sich während des Ablösens vom Substrat bilden. Die obere Lage wird dazu absichtlich mit einer maximalen Verspannung aufgebracht. Diese intrinsische Verspannung bewirkt, dass sich das zuvor festgelegte Gebiet in vorhersagbarer Weise aufrollt, wenn es durch selektives Ätzen vom Substrat abgelöst wird. Gefaltete Strukturen erhält man, wenn Lagen mit einer gleichmäßigen kompressiven Verspannung vom Substrat abgelöst werden. Drei verschiedene Multilagen werden in dieser Arbeit verwendet: Si:B/SiGe:B, SiGe und Si-basierte funktionale Schichten, die auf Si-, SiO₂- oder Ge-Opferschichten aufgebracht werden. Die Schwerpunkte dieser Arbeit sind: die Herstellung von integrierten Mikroröhren- Transistoren auf der Basis von Si:B/SiGe:B-Röhren; die Ausnutzung von Ge-Kondensation um die Verspannung von SiGe auf Isolator-Substraten einzustellen; die Herstellung von skalierbaren und CMOS-kompatiblen Halbleiter- und Hybridröhren; die Entwicklung der REBOLA-Technik (RElease and BOnd-back of LAyers) zur Herstellung von linearen und kreisförmigen Netzwerken, die durch gefaltete und verbundene Strukturen gebildet werden; die experimentelle Demonstration der Emission von in den Tubewänden integrierten Si und Ge Nanopartikeln; sowie die Beobachtung und Untersuchung von Wellenleitung entlang der Achse von SiO_x/Si Röhren. Für den Bau von integrierten Mikroröhren-Widerständen werden verspannte zweidimensionale Vorlagen mittels MBE-Wachstum aus Si:B/SiGe:B-Doppelschichten auf intrinsischen Si-Opferschichten verwendet. Klassische Strukturierungsmethoden werden verwendet, um Stege zu definieren, die zwei Elektroden mittels einer aufgerollten Mikroröhre verbinden. Die Strukturierungsmasken werden entsprechend ausgelegt, um sowohl das anisotrope selektive Ätzverhalten der verwendeten Ätzflüssigkeit, als auch die bevorzugte Rollrichtung der Doppelschicht in die &lt;010&gt;-Richtung des Si-Kristalls zu berücksichtigen. Nach der Abscheidung der beiden Elektroden werden deren Anschlussgegenden durch eine Röhre miteinander verbunden, die beim selektiven entfernen der Opferschicht entsteht. Lineare I-V Kennlinien werden sowohl für den flachen, als auch den aufgerollten Film gemessen, wobei ein erhöhter Widerstand für die aufgerollte Doppelschicht beobachtet wird. Eine Skalierbarkeit des Widerstandes der Röhren wurde durch Einstellen der Wandstärke und des Röhrendurchmessers erreicht. SGOI-Substrate verschiedener Dicken und Ge-Konzentrationsprofilen werden mittels der Ge-Kondensationsmethode hergestellt. Für diesen Zweck werden dünne SiGe-Schichten mit geringer Ge-Konzentration epitaktisch auf ultra-dünnen SOI-Wafer eptiaktisch aufgewachsen und anschließend einer trockenen, thermischen Oxidation unterworfen. Wenn diese Schicht dem Sauerstoff ausgesetzt wird, oxidiert Silizium an der Oberfläche und Ge sammelt sich in der Halbleiterschicht unter der SiO_x/SiGe Grenzfläche an. Sowohl das aufwachsende als auch das vergrabene SiO₂ wirken als Diffusionsbarrieren für das Ge, was zu einem simultanen Ansteigen der Ge-Konzentration und dem Abdünnen der verbleibenden Halbleiterschicht führt. Verschiedene Ge-Verteilungsprofile wurden durch gezielte Variation der Dauer und/oder der Temperatur während des Oxidationsprozesses hergestellt. Ein in-situ Nachtempern in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre wird ebenfalls benutzt, um das Verteilungsprofil im Film anzupassen. Sowohl aufgerollte Mikroröhren als auch verbundene gefaltete Netzwerkstrukturen werden durch gezieltes Ablösen von gradierten oder homogenen SiGe Schichten mittels selektiven Ätzens des SiO₂ hergestellt. Hybride Metall/Halbleitende Röhren wurden fabriziert, wobei Si- und SiGe-Schichten auf Isolator als Template dienten. Dafür wurde eine strukturierte Cr-Schicht thermisch auf ein SOI- oder SGOI-Substrat aufgedampft und Startkanten für den Aufrollprozess mittels Fotolithographie und RIE-Ätzen definiert. Die inhärent dehnungsverspannten Cr-Schichten erzeugen einen Verspannungsgradienten, der beim Ablösen der Cr/Si- oder Cr/SiGe-Doppelschichten ein Aufwärtsrollen sicherstellt. Der dritte Teil der Arbeit fokussiert sich auf die Funktionalisierung von aufgerollten Röhren als optische Bauelemente. SiO_x/Si-Röhren werden hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt, um Si- und Ge-Nanostrukturen in der Röhrenwand zu bilden. Bei Raumtemperatur wird eine intensive Fotolumineszenz der Strukturen beobachtet. Eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Lichtemission und der Lichtausbreitung in den SiO_x /Si-Röhren wurde durchgeführt. Dabei wird nachgewiesen, dass aufgerollte Mikroröhren als optische Ringresonatoren und Wellenleiter genutzt werden können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen klar, dass es unter der Benutzung von wohl etablierten Abscheidungsmethoden wie Molekularstrahlepitaxie, physikalischer Gasphasenabscheidung oder thermischer Oxidation möglich ist, Si-basierte Membranen mit nanometergroßen Strukturen herzustellen und in vorherbestimmte 3D-Konfigurationen zu überführen. Um die Verspannung auf dem benutzten Film-Template lokal einzustellen, könnten zukünftige Arbeiten von selektiver Epitaxie, lokaler Oxidation, sowie von verspannten Metallen, als auch von Isolatorschichten Gebrauch machen. Durch Auswahl einer entsprechenden Geometrie der Startfenster würde in diesem Fall die Herstellung verschiedener miteinander verbundener Strukturen (Röhren, Spulen und Kannalnetzwerken) möglich werden. Dies stellt einen vielversprechenden Ansatz dar, verschiedene funktionelle elektrische Bauelemente (SiGe/Si-Röhren als Widerstände oder Metall/Halbleiterspulen), Flüssigkeitsbauelemente (verbundene, gefaltete Netzwerkstrukturen als Nanokanäle) oder optische Bauelemente (Si-basierte Röhren mit integrierten Emittern als Ringresonatoren oder Wellenleiter) auf dem gleichen Substrat oder eventuell auf einer transferierbaren Membran unterzubringen

O Megalitismo é uma das mais conhecidas manifestações culturais das primeiras comunidades agropastoris europeias. Geograficamente, concentra-se principalmente na Europa Atlântica e surge, assincronamente, em áreas tão dispersas quanto o subcontinente indiano, o sudeste asiático e África, entre outras. O conceito, apesar de homogéneo na sua leitura, é heterogéneo ao nível das especificidades. As particularidades, intrínsecas a cada região, ou a cada monumento, tornam-no heterogéneo de forma independente das diferentes monumentalidades de cada um destes sítios arqueológicos. Nesta dissertação criou-se uma estrutura de informação arqueológica que promove a comparação intraconceitos e a ultrapassagem dos limites geográficos, a partir de premissas tecnológicas da Web Semântica e da ontologia CIDOC-CRM. A implementação do Atlas do Megalitismo permite que todos os recursos para o estudo destes monumentos tenham clareza semântica, sejam normalizados e, simultaneamente, promove a preservação, divulgação e acessibilidade dos monumentos enquanto agente de turismo cultural e ferramenta para a investigação; Abstract: A Digital Atlas for Megalithic Culture a Spatial Data Infrastructure (Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula) Megalithism is one of the most well-known cultural manifestations of the first European agro-pastoral communities. Geographically, it is mainly concentrated in Atlantic Europe and appears, asynchronously, in areas as dispersed as the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and Africa, among others. The concept, although it’s homogeneous reading, is heterogeneous at a detailed level. The particularities, intrinsic to each region, or each monument, make it heterogeneous independently of the different monumentalities of each of these archaeological sites. In this dissertation, an archaeological information application was created to permit the intraconcept comparison and the surpassing of geographical limits, taking into account Semantic Web technology and the CIDOC-CRM ontology. The implementation of the Megalithic Atlas allows that all resources for the study of these monuments have semantic clarity, are standardized and simultaneously promote the preservation, disclosure and accessibility of monuments as a cultural tourism agent and research tool.

This book contains the design for a vacation house. This house is situated on the south facing slope of Lone Mountain in Gallatin County, Montana and receives heavy snowfall each year. This project was primarily explored through model making and focused on the relationship of different materials to one another and the spaces those materials can create. The contrast between concrete and wood best shows the dynamic use of materials in the house. The final design of the house evolved through the way different elements and materials responded and interacted with one another.<br>Master of Architecture