Artículos de revistas: "Shanghai (China : International Settlement) Shanghai (China)"

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Wall, Michael. "Censorship and Sovereignty: Shanghai and the Struggle to Regulate Film Content in the International Settlement". Journal of American-East Asian Relations 18, n.º 1 (2011): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656111x577456.

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AbstractThe Nationalist government struggled to control the content and exhibition of motion pictures in Shanghai in the 1920s. Officials of the Shanghai Municipal Council in the foreign-controlled International Settlement, empowered by the right of extraterritoriality, stymied Chinese efforts to control foreign – predominantly American – motion pictures shown in the enclave. The struggle over political control was exacerbated by increasing nationalist sentiment and belief that foreign motion pictures contained distorted and unflattering images of China and its people. Demonstrations targeted Hollywood films including those by Douglas Fairbanks and Harold Lloyd. Ultimately, neither strenuous Chinese efforts nor stubborn foreign resistance could resolve the matter satisfactorily, but the dispute became moot with Japan's seizure of Shanghai in 1937.

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Bickers, Robert A. y Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom. "Shanghai's “Dogs and Chinese Not Admitted” Sign: Legend, History and Contemporary Symbol". China Quarterly 142 (junio de 1995): 444–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000035001.

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This article examines the potency and persistence of myth and language in the context of the dispute, now over 80 years old, about the officially-sanctioned wording of regulations in the municipal parks of foreign-administered Shanghai. Specifically, it examines the potent symbol of the sign placed in Shanghai's Huangpu Park that allegedly read: “Chinese and Dogs Not Admitted.” This symbol has secured a totemic position in the historiography of the Western presence in China before 1949 and is deeply embedded in contemporary Chinese and Western perceptions and representations of that era, and of the whole question of Western imperialism in China. It is the subject both of popular discourse and official fiat in China today. Drawing on a series of revisionist writings and new archival research this article shows that the true facts of the case are both beyond dispute and irrelevant, but that the legend survives undiminished.For over 60 years before June 1928 most Chinese certainly were barred from the parks administered by the foreign-controlled Shanghai Municipal Council (SMC) of the International Settlement in Shanghai. As shown below, the enforcement of the ban varied over time but for the first three decades of the 20th century it was rigidly administered. Dogs, ball games, cycling and picking of the flowers were also forbidden, but the alleged juxtaposition of the bans on dogs and Chinese became notorious. The potency of “dog” as an insulting and dehumanizing epithet in China undoubtedly exacerbated the insult, and also made the story of the sign's outrageous wording seem all the more plausible.

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JACKSON, ISABELLA. "The Raj on Nanjing Road: Sikh Policemen in Treaty-Port Shanghai". Modern Asian Studies 46, n.º 6 (29 de febrero de 2012): 1672–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000078.

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AbstractSikh policemen were an indelible part of the landscape of Shanghai in the first decades of the twentieth century, and have left their mark in the ways in which the city is remembered up to the present day. Yet their history has never been told and historians of the period have, at best, simply referred to them in passing. This paper redresses this gap in the literature by accounting for the presence of the Sikh branch of the Shanghai Municipal Police and exploring their role in the governance and policing of the International Settlement. This enriches our understanding of the nature of the British presence in China and the ways in which Indian sub-imperialism extended to China's treaty ports, for on the streets of Shanghai, and not Shanghai alone, British power had an Indian face.

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Wang, Chensheng, Shuchun' Wang y Gafur Gubaevich Salikhov. "Analysis of creation of the mechanism of resolution of disputes within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization". Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, n.º 1 (enero de 2021): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2021.1.34983.

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The object of this research is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). In 2017 India and Pakistan were admitted to the SCO, which resulted in its territorial, economic, geopolitical, and legal expansion. Expansion of the SCO increased disputes between the member-states, and there is yet no well-developed mechanism for their resolution. The subject of this research is the disputes between the SCO countries. Member-states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, considering the peculiarities of universal approaches towards dispute resolution on the international level, developed sufficient flexibility in selection of political, international arbitration approaches towards solution of the arising problems. The author explores the confrontation between the member-states in the questions related to their territorial integrity and sovereignty. Special attention is turned to the border conflicts between China, India, and Pakistan. From the theoretical perspective of further development of the mechanisms for dispute resolution within the SCO, the author reviews the “tree-pronged” mechanism for dispute resolution, which path goes through certain stages of the process. This process involves the creation of effective internal mechanisms for dispute prevention, control, and settlement. The conclusion is made that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has developed legal approaches towards resolution of internal problems. The author's special contribution consists in outlining the peculiarities of general approaches towards dispute settlement on the international level, as well as in indicating sufficient flexibility in selection of political, international approaches towards solution of the arising disputes. The novelty of this article lies in the proposal to create a “three-pronged” mechanism for dispute settlement, which path goes through all the stages of the process (beginning – middle– end).

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Son, An-suk. "Research on the Development of Cities and Architecture in the Open Ports (International Settlements and Foreign Concessions) of East Asia". Impact 2021, n.º 2 (26 de febrero de 2021): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.2.93.

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In the past, to get from one country to another, a long journey on a ship was required. Trade between countries was also done using ships, which transported cargo via shipping routes across the globe. Ports in specific countries accommodated trade, including in East Asia where many were opened as a result of unequal treaties with western powers. Treaty ports were often agreed after western powers such as the UK and nUS defeated military powers in China, Japan and Korea and terms favouring the successful nations were agreed. Foreigners would arrive into the treaty ports, and commodities such as restaurants, foreigners clubs, churches and racecourses were built for these new citizens. Ultimately, colonisation occurred, with areas in China, Japan and Korea being commandeered by Western ways of life. A team of researchers led by Professor An-Suk Son, Research Center for Non Written Cultural Materials, Kanagawa University, Japan, is looking at the open ports of East Asia, investigating the history and architecture of the Japanese consulate, banks, schools, hospitals and spinning companies. A key focus for the researchers is on buildings that were developed during the time of foreign settlement. Previous studies that have been done in this area have tended to focus on Shanghai in China, Yokohama in Japan and Incheon in Korea, and Son's research is innovative in that it uses new materials that have emerged in the years since, such as English newspapers, magazines, pictures, leaflets and photo books. The team also plants to build on previous studies to include places such as Qingdao and Guangzhou.

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Wang, Dasui, Jian Zhang y Lianjin Bao. "Shanghai Shimao International Plaza, China". Structural Engineering International 17, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2007): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686607782359074.

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Myren, Professor J. "First Shanghai International Symposium on Gastrointestinal Cancers Shanghai, China, 14–16 November 1988". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 24, n.º 2 (enero de 1989): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365528909093026.

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Du, MeiRong, HaiLan Piao y DaJin Li. "The 3rd International Conference on Reproductive Immunology in Shanghai: September 27-29, 2013. Shanghai, China". American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 71, n.º 3 (12 de diciembre de 2013): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aji.12187.

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Hua, Miao Jian. "International Migration in China: A Survey of Emigrants from Shanghai". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, n.º 2-3 (junio de 1994): 445–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300210.

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Migration trends have been largely unexamined in China, due to restrictive government policies and lack of data. This article presents the results of two surveys on emigrants from Shanghai, the largest source of emigrants and the only province with official migration records since 1958. Using information from the 1990 census, passport applications, and a survey of emigrant families in one city ward, the study concludes that migration policies, structural economic and social factors, and individual characteristics and needs shape migration patterns in Shanghai.

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10

WU, Xiaoping y LYE Liang Fook. "China Provides More International Public Goods". East Asian Policy 09, n.º 02 (abril de 2017): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930517000150.

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With increasing clout in world affairs, China has begun to enhance its International Public Goods (IPG) provision in the footsteps of the Great Britain and the United States. Its IPG provision could be enhanced through existing IPGs, such as increasing its budget share in the United Nations, and producing IPGs out of its own initiation and design, such as the establishment of the Shanghai Corporation Organisation and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

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11

Ran, Ma. "Celebrating the International, Disremembering Shanghai: The Curious Case of the Shanghai International Film Festival". Culture Unbound 4, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2011): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.124147.

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The state-sanctioned Shanghai International Film Festival (SIFF) is the only film festival accredited by the Fédération Internationale des Associations de Producteurs de Films (FIAPF) in the Greater China region. This paper intends to explore the perceived paradoxes of the SIFF by approaching its vaguely defined vision of “being international/internationalization” (or guojihua). The vision of guojihua has, at best, fuelled the persistent efforts of the SIFF to emulate the globally standardized festival framework and redirect the global capital flow into its newly installed film market. On the other hand, the SIFF has been reluctant to use one of its most precious cultural legacies – the cosmopolitanism of the Republican era – as a branding resource. The main argument is that the weakened connection between the SIFF and its locality/cultural memory is not only a result of the superficial understanding of guojihua, but also of the fact that the central and the local government often hold conflicting ideas regarding the social engineering of Shanghai’s image.

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Lagon, Mark P. "The “Shanghai Coalition”: The Chattering Classes and China". Perspectives on Political Science 29, n.º 1 (enero de 2000): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10457090009600691.

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13

Cidlowski, JA. "The First International Symposium on Programmed Cell Death Shanghai, China". Cell Death & Differentiation 4, n.º 2 (febrero de 1997): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4400227.

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14

Xu, J., L. Cui y A. P. Zbar. "International summit forum in colorectal and anal surgery, Shanghai, China". Techniques in Coloproctology 18, n.º 12 (24 de octubre de 2014): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10151-014-1224-y.

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15

Kale, Mustafa. "Examining school variables affecting PISA 2012 math achievement in Turkey and Shanghai-China". Contemporary Educational Researches Journal 6, n.º 4 (8 de febrero de 2017): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v6i4.586.

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The main purpose of the research is to examine school variables that have effect on Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 math achievement in Turkey and Shanghai-China. The research was designed in casual comparison model. Research population was constituted by student in age group of 15 in Turkey and Shanghai-China in 2012.The sample consists of 4848 students and 170 schools in Turkey and 5177 students and 155 schools in Shanghai-China that participated in PISA 2012. Two-leveled Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) was used to analyze data because the data collected in PISA 2012 had a hierarchical data structure. As a result of analysis, variability in math scores, 63% in Turkey and 47% in Shanghai-China, was found due to the difference between the mean math scores of schools. It was determined that MACTIV, SCMATEDU and TCMORALE in Turkey and MACTIV, in Shanghai-China statistically affect on math achievement. Keywords: PISA, school administration, school variables, HLM

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16

Ke, Qiulin y Karen Sieracki. "Market maturity: China commercial real estate market". Journal of Property Investment & Finance 33, n.º 1 (2 de febrero de 2015): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-08-2013-0047.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolutionary path to market maturity that China property market has taken over the last few decades. The focus is on the commercial real estate markets in Beijing and Shanghai. It will help international investors understand the market environment, risk and market activity process. Design/methodology/approach – In this research, the authors apply the market maturity framework and its key determinants based on previous work undertaken by Keogh and D’Arcy (1994) and Chin et al. (2006) for the analysis of Chinese commercial property market. Particular focus is on Beijing and Shanghai. The questionnaire is designed to obtain fair and objective views from international property consultancy firms active in Beijing and Shanghai markets. There are not many of these international property consultancies. The reason why this type of business was selected was to insure that the business had an understanding of China’s place in the global commercial real estate market as this market matures from its emerging market status. Findings – The findings reveal that the respondents felt the commercial property markets in Shanghai and Beijing were now moderately mature. However, issues such as poorer level of standard market information, development instability, low transparency of the legal system, high taxes and high government invention still existed in China’s commercial property market, therefore hindering its progress towards greater market maturity. Research limitations/implications – The small same size of the survey is the major limitation of the research. Practical implications – International investors and analysts can benefit from the research findings through a better understanding of the behaviour and trends in this unique market which will be reflected in their decision-making process. Originality/value – An explorative approach was used due to the lack of data to examine the perception of China’s commercial property market’s evolution and maturity. The findings can then be placed in the context of other Southeast Asian cities. The evolutionary process of China’s property market is rarely examined in previous studies of China property market due to the lack of data and transparency.

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Liu, Z. "(A221) Medical Preparedness for Expo 2010 Shanghai China". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (mayo de 2011): s60—s61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1100210x.

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ObjectiveEXPO 2010 Shanghai China attracted about 246 nations and international organizations as well as 73 million visitors from home and abroad. To provide good medical services to is a challenge.MethodsEight Level A hospitals are designated as EXPO Hospitals to provide advanced medical services to those who need critical care. There are five first aid stations in the EXPO park to provide first aid to EXPO visitors and staff. First aid at scene and emergency response are the emphasis. Practical, realistic, and systematic and forewarning emergency plans are made. An agile and efficient structure is organized. All EXPO staff members underwent first aid training, especially the CPR training and the use of AED. The public are trained for self rescue skills via different approaches and provided with first-aid kits. A medical rescue team is recruited; the team consists of Critical Care physicians, surgeons, anesthetists and nurses. The team is able to deal with different situations under all conditions. The team is a standing army, after the EXPO, the team will be responsible for providing medical services in the regional disaster rescue. Drills are performed periodically to practice the rescue skills, enhance the communication and cooperation among different government departments.ResultsBy joint efforts, a safe, wonderful and unforgettable EXPO was presented to the world. During the 184 days, medical personnel provided medical services to the 73 million visitors.ConclusionsThe medical preparedness for World EXPO should be practical, realistic, and systematic and forewarning. The public should have the easy access to the information and resources. Develop the contingency plans according to the real situation, ensure its timely updating and deliver training to every one involved. Drills should be performed periodically to practice the rescue skills, enhance the communication and cooperation among different government departments.

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18

Johnson, Ian. "Management Innovation and Library Services: The 3rd Shanghai International Library Forum, August 17‐19, 2006, Shanghai, China". Library Hi Tech News 23, n.º 9 (octubre de 2006): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07419050610724996.

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Sheng, Li. "Hong Kong and Shanghai: a tale of two cities in China". Tempo Social 30, n.º 3 (13 de diciembre de 2018): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2018.134683.

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This research discusses Hong Kong’s long-run role as a preeminent international finance centre in the greater China with a view of Shanghai’s rapid growth. Using a synthesis approach of politics and economics, rather than pure economic analysis and forecasting, it is argued Shanghai is not likely to overtake/replace Hong Kong as an international finance hub in the region. Hong Kong will still keep its position in many years to come even if Shanghai has made enormous efforts to rebuild its financial industry. Due to their diverging industry structure, sheer size of the country, and most importantly different positioning by the central and local governments, the two cities are not necessarily rivals, but can actually be complementary partners, serving two non-overlapping hinterlands. This research also asserts that Hong Kong’s integration with the mainland economy is essential for its increasing competitiveness, while putting emphasis on policy reform for Hong Kong to maintain a strategic advantage over Shanghai.

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Eckhardt, Giana M. y Michael J. Houston. "Cultural Paradoxes Reflected in Brand Meaning: McDonald's in Shanghai, China". Journal of International Marketing 10, n.º 2 (junio de 2002): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.10.2.68.19532.

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Brands are powerful symbols that reflect not only the image with which marketers hope to imbue them but also the cultural milieu in which they are imbedded. If that milieu is in a state of flux, brands can come to represent some surprising ideas and values to which marketing efforts must be sensitive. In this research, the authors relate the nature of societal change, a common occurrence in many developing markets and especially China, to evaluation of a brand by a broad cross-section of urban Chinese consumers. Using the methodology of scenario completion, the authors reveal that the McDonald's brand is evaluated in the context of societal norms and values that are brought up in various usage situations. Brand evaluations can be inconsistent and often paradoxical depending on the context. The results suggest that marketers should be closely involved with the way their brand is interacting with cultural values in transitional markets.

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Portyakov, V. Ya. "Shanghai Experimental Free Trade Zone". Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, n.º 3 (20 de agosto de 2020): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-3-6.

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In 2013 the People’s Republic of China has entered the second stage of foreign economic openness. If at the first stage, which started in the late 1970s as an integral part of the overall reform policy, China focused primarily on attracting foreign equipment and technologies, knowledge, and capital, at the new stage, the sending abroad Chinese capital, goods, services, and technologies becomes at least an equal task. One of the most important elements of this stage is the creation of experimental free trade zones (EFTZ), designed to help China master the most advanced world rules and regulations for conducting trade, investment activities, and international financial transactions. The first such zone was created in 2013 in Shanghai. At the very end of 2014, EFTZ were established in Tianjin, Fujian and Guangdong. This event was followed by the creation of zones in 7 more provinces of the PRC (5 of which are in the inner and Western regions of the country). In 2018, Hainan island was declared a free trade zone, and in the summer of 2019 EFTZ were established in six other regions of China. China’s experimental free trade zones have been in existence for more than six years. They have accumulated a variety of operational experience, which is also being implemented in national practice and is partially reflected in this article. The article focuses on the Shanghai EFTZ. The article shows changes in its format and describes features of zone’s development at the initial stage of 2013‑2015, in the dynamic period of 2016‑2017 and in the context of complex external economic conditions (2018‑2019). This text was prepared on the basis of original Chinese‑language sources, including official statistical materials of Shanghai. Useful information was also obtained during a visit to the Shanghai EFTZ in April 2019, organized with the assistance of the Consulate General of the Russian Federation in Shanghai.

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Valjakka, Minna. "Graffiti in China – Chinese Graffiti?" Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 29, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2013): 61–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v29i1.4021.

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This article focuses on the emergence of graffiti in Beijing and Shanghai as an intriguing part of the contemporary art scene. Approaching graffiti through the framework of visual culture and analyzing both the visual and social aspects of creating graffiti images, I argue that contemporary graffiti in these cities can be regarded primarily as creative self-expression emphasizing aesthetic intention and a renaming process, not as vandalism. Deriving primarily from information gathered during my fieldwork in Beijing and Shanghai, I also discuss the development of graffiti in China and its characteristics. In the Euro-American context, graffiti is still commonly regarded as criminal activity that destroys public property. This allegation, however, fails to take into account how the international graffiti culture has become an enduring genre of art with strong emphasis on style and aesthetic evaluation. Although creating graffiti is a controversial issue in China also, graffiti nevertheless exists, especially in the so-called art areas (districts known for their numerous art galleries, artist studios, art-related activities and, occasionally, art museums), or in the surrounding neighbourhoods.

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Zhao, Zhentang. "The Fourth International Particle Accelerator Conference". Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 02, n.º 02 (agosto de 2013): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x13000222.

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The fourth International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC'13, took place at the Shanghai International Conference Center, Shanghai, China from Sunday to Friday, 12 to 17 May, 2013. It was attended by close to 1000 full time delegates from approximately 30 different countries on all continents. Hosted by the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP) and the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, it was supported by the Asian Committee for Future Accelerators (ACFA), the American Physical Society Division of Physics of Beams (APS-DPB), the European Physical Society Accelerator Group (EPS-AG), the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Furthermore, the attendance of over 85 young scientists from all over the world was made possible through the sponsorship of societies, institutes and laboratories worldwide (in alphabetical order): ACFA, APS-DPB, CAS, EPSAG with contributions from ALBA-CELLS, Centro Fermi, CERN, CNRS-IN2P3, DESY, Diamond Light Source, ESRF, GSI, HZB, HZDR, IFIC, JAI, Max Lab, PSI, Synchrotron Soleil and STFC/Cockcroft Institute, and IUPAP. The organizers of IPAC'13 are grateful to all sponsors for their valuable support.

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Wu, Xian y Futao Huang. "International faculty in China: case studies of four leading universities in Shanghai". Asia Pacific Education Review 19, n.º 2 (7 de mayo de 2018): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12564-018-9535-8.

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Wei, Li-Qun y Xi Zou. "IKEA in China: Facing Dilemmas in an Emerging Economy". Asian Case Research Journal 11, n.º 01 (junio de 2007): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927507000849.

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This case summarizes the development of IKEA's China operations since the opening of its first store in Shanghai in 1998. Since then, IKEA had added four retail stores in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Nevertheless, IKEA still had not been profitable in China. The case aims to identify the underlying factors that influenced IKEA's performance in China. The case starts by summarizing IKEA's history, including its organizational characteristics and the competitive dynamics in the Chinese furniture market. Building on this framework, the strategic challenges of IKEA in China are highlighted. In this regard, the case analyzes the effectiveness of IKEA's distinct furniture concept, pricing strategy, and market positioning in the Chinese furniture market. On the whole, the case aims to provide insights for international business development in the Chinese furniture market.

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Wu, Li, Cheng Zhu, Chaogui Zheng, Feng Li, Xinhao Wang, Lan Li y Wei Sun. "Holocene environmental change and its impacts on human settlement in the Shanghai Area, East China". CATENA 114 (marzo de 2014): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.10.012.

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Diamond, Marion. "Australians in Shanghai: Race, Rights and Nation in Treaty Port China". Australian Journal of Politics & History 64, n.º 1 (marzo de 2018): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12446.

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Lowry, Robert y Feridun K. Serim. "People to People International (P/P) SNAME China Trip Report". Marine Technology and SNAME News 26, n.º 03 (1 de julio de 1989): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1989.26.3.218.

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This is a report on a 21-day trip made to the Peoples Republic of China in 1986 by twelve SNAME delegates at the invitation of the China Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (CSNAME) under the auspices of People to People International. The delegates visited four universities, five ship design organizations, three regional shipbuilding management organizations, seven shipyards, three shipping service organizations and three port areas. The tour visited Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong.

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Yi, He, Yuan Zheng'an, Wu Fan, Guo Xiang, Dong Chen, He Yongchao, Sun Xiaodong, Pan Hao, Mollie Mahany y Mark Keim. "Public Health Preparedness for the World's Largest Mass Gathering: 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai, China". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, n.º 6 (21 de septiembre de 2012): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12001252.

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AbstractThe 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai China (Expo) was the largest mass gathering in world history, attracting a record 72 million visitors. More than 190 countries participated in the Expo, along with more than 50 international organizations. The 2010 Expo was six months in duration (May 1 through October 30, 2010), and the size of the venue site comprised 5.28 square kilometers. Great challenges were imposed on the public health system in Shanghai due to the high number and density of visitors, long duration of the event, and other risk factors such as high temperatures, typhoon, etc.As the major metropolitan public health agency in Shanghai, the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDC) implemented a series of actions in preparing for, and responding to, the potential health impact of the world's largest mass gathering to date, which included partnerships for capacity building, enhancement of internal organizational structure, risk assessment, strengthened surveillance, disaster planning and exercises, laboratory management, vaccination campaign, health education, health intervention, risk communication and mass media surveillance, and technical support for health inspection. The clear-cut organizational structures and job responsibilities, as well as comprehensive operational and scientific preparations, were key elements to ensure the success of the 2010 World Exposition.YiH, Zheng'anY, FanW, XiangG, ChenD, YongchaoH, XiaodongS, HaoP, MahanyM, KeimM. Public health preparedness for the world's largest mass gathering: 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai, China. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-6.

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Wu, Yin. "Universal Beliefs and Specific Practices: Students’ Math Self-Efficacy and Related Factors in the United States and China". International Education Studies 9, n.º 12 (28 de noviembre de 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n12p61.

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<p class="apa">This study intends to compare and contrast student and school factors that are associated with students’ mathematics self-efficacy in the United States and China. Using hierarchical linear regressions to analyze the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 data, this study compares math self-efficacy, achievement, and variables such as math teacher support and socioeconomic status (SES) between 15-year-old students in the U.S. and in Shanghai, China. The findings suggest that on average, students from Shanghai showed higher math self-efficacy and better achievement than those of American students. However, at the student level, similar positive relationships between math teacher support and math self-efficacy and between SES and math self-efficacy were found in both locations. That is, in the U.S. and Shanghai, an increase in math teacher support predicts an increase in math self-efficacy, also higher SES is significantly associated with higher math self-efficacy. In addition, at the school level, the smaller difference in American students’ math self-efficacy between higher SES school and lower SES school indicates that the U.S. is more equitable between schools than Shanghai, China in terms of students’ math self-efficacy. Implications from this study indicate that improving teacher support in math class and narrowing the gap in students’ self-efficacy related to school-level SES is a significant issue for the U.S. and Shanghai, China respectively.</p>

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Meng, Fang, Tongqian Zou, Hengyun Li, Yaqing Ren y Pei Zhang. "International tourism hub". Tourism Economics 22, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2016): 1225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816616670504.

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This study investigates the functions of international tourism hubs, namely, the gathering and distributing function, transferring function, and management and service function. An assessment index of 49 indicators is developed measuring these functions based on the literature review and a survey of expert panel. Analytical hierarchy process method was applied to determine the importance weight of the indicators. Two cities in China, Beijing and Shanghai, were selected to empirically test the assessment index and compared with the tourism hub functions. The results indicate that Beijing has stronger functions on gathering and distributing tourists, as well as management and services, while Shanghai exceeded on transferring function due to its tourist distribution center. Strategic and managerial implications and suggestions are provided based on the study results.

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Heinze, Mira y Karsten Voss. "Goal: Zero Energy Building Exemplary Experience Based on the Solar Estate Solarsiedlung Freiburg am Schlierberg, Germany". Journal of Green Building 4, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2009): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.4.4.93.

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Zero energy consumption. The goal sounds simple and is presented excessively in variations all over the world. Energy and environmental politics demand zero consumption as a long-term goal, marketing has discovered the concept and first buildings and settlements aiming at balanced energy or emission budgets have been constructed. As an example, the German Federal Government specifies in its fifth energy research programme (2005): For new buildings, the goal is to reduce the primary energy demand, i.e. the energy demand for heating, domestic hot water, ventilation, air-conditioning, lighting and auxiliary energy, again by half compared to the current state of the art. The long-term goal is zero-emission buildings. England and the USA aim for zero carbon developments and net-zero energy buildings (DOE, 2009) in political programmes. The Vatican accepted the offer of climatic “indulgence”—and thus became the first country in the world to completely compensate its carbon emission (Spiegel online, 2007). Megaprojects in the growth regions of the Arabian Gulf and China advertise with a CO2-neutral balance. A Zero Carbon Community is to be created in Masdar, Abu Dhabi (Foster, 2007), and the first Chinese carbon-neutral ecocity was planned for Dongtan, Shanghai (Pearce, 2009). Not only to aid international communication, but also to further the processes required to solve energy-related problems, it is essential that key words, central concepts, their usage and their relationships be clarified. This article intends to contribute to this clarification based on the monitored example of a solar estate. Net zero energy building, equilibrium building, carbon neutral city—the accounting method varies, depending on motivation and point of view. If the focus is on finite and scarce resources, energy is the currency; CO2-equivalent emissions are considered if global warming and public health is the issue; the cost of energy is what concerns a tenant paying for heating and electricity. A balance in one set of units can be converted to another, but the conversion factors often also shift the balance point. Energy will be used as the reference quantity in the following article, which prevents confusion with non-energy measures (e.g. carbon credits for forestry) and avoids the nuclear power debate, in which nuclear power is partly calculated as being CO2 neutral. The diversity of concepts is an indicator that a scientifically based methodology is still lacking, though initial publications focus hereon (Pless et al. 2009). Since October 2008, a group of experts in the International Energy Agency has been addressing this issue under the heading, Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings (Riley et al. 2008). The goal is to document and analyse outstanding examples that are close to being net zero-energy buildings, and while doing so, to develop the methodology and tools for working with such buildings. The Chair of Technical Building Services, University of Wuppertal, is co-ordinating the methodological work. The zero-energy approach—still under construction—will here be presented using a solar estate as an illustration.

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Yang, Ling y Jack W. Hou. "HAVE IMPORTED PRODUCER SERVICES IMPROVED MANUFACTURING IN SHANGHAI?" ЗБОРНИК РАДОВА ЕКОНОМСКОГ ФАКУЛТЕТА У ИСТОЧНОМ САРАЈЕВУ 1, n.º 11 (4 de mayo de 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/zrefis1511011y.

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Imported producer services play a vital role in the continued development of the industrialized economies. Countries like the U.S., UK, Japan, Germany, etc., utilize imported scientific research to help domestic manufacturing. Most developing nations are in the early stages of adopting this strategy, China is no exception. Among the four mega metropolitans (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing) in China, Shanghai is the most advanced in the area of producer services; however, still lacking significantly behind Hong Kong and Singapore. The objective of this study is to examine whether imported producer services have been able to improve the manufacturing in Shanghai. We employ the input-output method to measure the effects of imported producer services on Shanghai manufacturing. Our findings are disappointing. Though Shanghai’s imported producer services continue to rise, the high-end knowledge-based producer services are severely lacking; and, to make matters worse, the trend is downwards and thus the gap with its advanced neighboring economies is ever widening. If Shanghai is to achieve the lofty goal of becoming an international financial service hub, there remains much work to be done. The Shanghai government, indeed the Chinese government, needs to take more conservative actions towards achieving this objective rather than just to pay lip service.

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Wu, Yuyao. "The role of University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in humanitarian cooperation between Russia and China". Genesis: исторические исследования, n.º 5 (mayo de 2020): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.5.32832.

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This article is dedicated to analysis of the role of the Network University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Special attention is given to the current humanitarian cooperation between Russia and China that includes not only the traditional spheres as culture and education, but also healthcare, sport, tourism, as well as meets the demands of both states pertinent to structuring of regional subsystem of international relations. In this context, the author reviews Russian-Chinese cooperation in educational sphere in format of Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the role of University of SCO that allows successfully overcoming different barriers on the path of regional integration within SCO. The author’s special contribution into the research of Russia-China bilateral cooperation in humanitarian sphere lies in studying the evolution of their relations in educational sector with consideration of creation of the Network University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization. A conclusion is made on substantial strengthening of institutional framework of the bilateral humanitarian cooperation due to establishment of the University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as well as intensification of the processes of creation of a single “educational space” of SCO that increases the level of corporate integration that caters to the national interests of Russia and China.

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35

Zhang, Mingqiong, Chris Nyland y Cherrie Jiuhua Zhu. "Hukou-based HRM in contemporary China: the case of Jiangsu and Shanghai". Asia Pacific Business Review 16, n.º 3 (julio de 2010): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602380902944009.

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Goodall, Keith y Malcolm Warner. "HRM dilemmas in China: the case of foreign-invested enterprises in Shanghai". Asia Pacific Business Review 4, n.º 4 (junio de 1998): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602389812331288264.

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37

Hu, Richard. "China and Central Asia: the Role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)". Mongolian Journal of International Affairs, n.º 11 (15 de septiembre de 2013): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i11.111.

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38

JIANG, Hongwei, Glenn S. BAXTER y Graham WILD. "A STUDY OF CHINA’S MAJOR DOMESTIC AIRLINES’ SERVICE QUALITY AT SHANGHAI’S HONGQIAO AND PUDONG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS". Aviation 21, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2017): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2017.1415224.

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In a highly competitive market, service quality can be the core competitive advantage for airline’s profitability and sustained development. This paper has investigated the differences in the passengers’ expectations and perceptions of the service quality of China’s four major domestic airlines: Air China, China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, and Hainan Airlines in China’s domestic market. The results will assist airline management to improve service quality by reducing the difference. Surveys were conducted with domestic passengers at Shanghai Hongqiao Airport and Shanghai Pudong Airport in China. The results show that there are significant differences of service quality between passengers’ expectations and perceptions among major Chinese airlines. Passengers consistently rate ‘good safety records’ as the first priority of seven SERVQUAL dimensions, but low price remains the most important factor that passengers consider when choosing a Chinese airline. The conclusions reached in this work suggest that Chinese airlines should consider improving service quality rather than providing cheaper air tickets in order to gain competitive advantage.

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39

Liang, Zhicheng, Junwei Wang y Kin Keung Lai. "Dependence Structure Analysis and VaR Estimation Based on China’s and International Gold Price: A Copula Approach". International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 19, n.º 01 (enero de 2020): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622019500445.

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Since 2013, China has become the world’s largest gold producer and consumer. To gain the corresponding global pricing power in gold, many actions have been taken by China in recent years, including the International Board at Shanghai Gold Exchange, Shanghai-Hong Kong Gold Connect and Shanghai Gold Fix. Our work studies the dependence structure between China’s and international gold price and examines whether these moves are changing the dependence structure. We use GARCH-copula models to detect the dynamic dependence and tail dependence. The research period is set to contain the Financial Crisis in 2008, the dramatical plunge of gold price in 2013 and a series of black swan events in 2016. The empirical study shows that some event driven dependence structure breaks are statistically insignificant. And the time-varying Symmetrized Joe-Clayton copula is the best copula to model the dependence structure based on AIC value. Finally, an example of applications of this dependence structure is given by estimating the VaR of an equally weighted portfolio with a simulation-based method.

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40

Li, Liu-Liu, Young-Joon Seo y Min-Ho Ha. "The efficiency of major container terminals in China: super-efficiency data envelopment analysis approach". Maritime Business Review 6, n.º 2 (11 de enero de 2021): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-08-2020-0051.

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Purpose Seaports are a signifier for the world economy and international trade. Notwithstanding the considerable role of Chinese ports in global trade, only few studies have explored the efficiency of Chinese container terminals. Furthermore, studies on Chinese port efficiency has typically centered on port-level analysis, not terminal level. Therefore, this study aims to examine the operation efficiency of Chinese container terminals. Design/methodology/approach This study uses super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (SE-DEA) approach. SE-DEA is superior than basic DEA model because it is feasible for categorizing and ranking the efficiency of container terminals more accurately and comprehensively. In the basic model, if the several decision-making units (DMUs) are efficient, the efficiency value of them is “1.” However, in the SE-DEA model, the most efficient DMU is over “1.” Based on the level of container throughput in 2018, the top 20 Chinese container terminal companies were selected. Various production quotas were selected as inputs, while the container throughput was considered output. Findings The findings show that Terminal Shanghai Mingdong Container Terminal Co., Ltd. was ranked 1, followed by Shanghai Shengdong International Container Terminal Co., Ltd., Shanghai International Port (Group) Co., Ltd. and Yidong Container Terminal Branch. Originality/value This study contributes to providing some insights into Chinese container terminal industry to augment the efficiency. This study also provides practical and policy implications (e.g. better terminal operations) for container terminals.

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Bing-Xing, Wu, Han Chui-Chan y Gao Feng. "Continuing Engineering Education in PR China". Industry and Higher Education 6, n.º 2 (junio de 1992): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229200600210.

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This article describes the importance of continuing engineering education at Luoyang Mining Machinery Plant, a heavy engineering company in Henan. The plant's links with Luoyang Industrial Institute and Shanghai Jiao Tong University are described. The article describes the retraining needs of the various age groups within the company, pointing out that the knowledge of many engineers educated during the 1950s is almost obsolete, while those who graduated in the 1960s were affected by the Cultural Revolution. The numerous methods of continuous education employed at the plant are described and the importance of international links are stressed.

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42

Wang, Yanhao. "Balance of Power: The Governance Structure of International Branch Campus in China". Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education 11, Winter (15 de marzo de 2020): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v11iwinter.1488.

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Overseas branch campus is an important component of the internationalization of higher education. This research studies three branch campuses in China—NYU-Shanghai, Duke Kunshan and Wenzhou-Kean University, analyzing their senior leaderships and the power of the home university and the local partners. Though this research is still in process, it would certainly contribute to our understanding of the internationalization of higher education in China and help institutions to choose appropriate strategies.

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43

WAN, Jing. "Capital Market Liberalisation in China: Progress and Challenges". East Asian Policy 09, n.º 04 (octubre de 2017): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930517000381.

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China’s capital market has continued to open up to the world despite disruptions. In the stock market, opening up involves the Shanghai-Hong Kong and the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect schemes. In the exchange rate market, renminbi joined the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights basket in 2015. In July 2017, China and Hong Kong launched the “Bond Connect” programme. In the near future the focus of capital account liberalisation is likely on the bonds market.

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Long, Han. "Shanghai pilot free trade zone: A test for renminbi internationalization?" Journal of Governance and Regulation 6, n.º 3 (2017): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v6_i3_p6.

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China（Shanghai）Pilot Free Trade Zone (“SHFTZ”) as well as other Pilot Free Trade Zones established in China carries on the mission to make the test for, inter alia, China’s strategic financial reforms and for Renminbi(“RMB”) internationalization in particular. However, the financial reforms in SHFTZ according to its design and relevant provisions can only provide very limited rather than fully effective test for the reforms of free convertibility, international capital transactions as well as risk hedging needed by RMB internationalization. The aim of the paper is to investigate the test effect that SHFTZ have on the above capital account reforms. It argues that the main reason for the test failure lies in “outward free and inward control” mode designed for SHFTZ which makes it an insulated customs territory, a situation which differs from the circumstances in which a currency gets internationalized. Moreover, SHFTZ runs the risk of evolving into an offshore RMB market set up inside China, a trend China should prevent because it cannot serve the testing missions mentioned above.

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45

Farzaneh, Hooman y Xin Wang. "Environmental and economic impact assessment of the Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) in Shanghai, China". APN Science Bulletin 10, n.º 1 (2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2020.1006.

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National action on climate change and international negotiations are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. The international negotiations in the past years have stimulated national action, especially on Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) meaning development with the minimal output of emissions. This research will try to develop effective science-policy interaction to discuss the opportunities where LEDS can be used to support energy system, environmental, and economic development planning strategies in the city of Shanghai, China. In this paper, we argue that the urgency of bold and timely LEDS coupled with the social, environmental, and economic opportunities. With this in mind, we elaborate an interest-oriented approach to mobilizing multiple benefits of the Shanghai Master Plan as one of the essential LEDS in this city and argue that multiple benefits assessments can be important drivers of ambitious and effective social policy.

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46

Mitter, Rana. "Civil Government in Warlord China: Tradition, Modernization and Manchuria. By Ronald Suleski. [Bern and New York: Peter Lang, 2002. xvi+302 pp. £44.00. ISBN 0-8204-5278-5.]". China Quarterly 172 (diciembre de 2002): 1065–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902350629.

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Manchuria is slowly beginning to rival Shanghai in popularity as a topic for new work in Republican Chinese history. As in Shanghai, it is clear that the most crucial questions about nationalism, war, stability and modernization all came to a head in the north-eastern provinces of China. Ronald Suleski's book is a welcome addition to the studies on these topics, providing an innovative and well-supported argument to show that, far from being merely a desert of endless warlord battles, the early Republic (1911–1928) was a time when differing ideas of the way forward for China battled for supremacy.

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47

Chung, Chien-peng. "The Shanghai Co-operation Organization: China's Changing Influence in Central Asia". China Quarterly 180 (diciembre de 2004): 989–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004000712.

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China, Russia and the Central Asian states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed the Shanghai Co-operation Organization (SCO) in 2001. China's backing for an SCO charter, permanent secretariat and anti-terrorism centre for the past three years reflects its desire to strengthen the SCO in countering United States influence in Central Asia. Diplomatically, China fears that the American presence means that regional states will be less accommodating to China's political demands. Economically, China worries that the United States' support for American petroleum companies will compromise Chinese efforts to wrest concessions from Central Asian governments. Security-wise, with bases close to China's western borders, Washington can assist Beijing in flushing out Xinjiang separatists operating in Central Asia, or put military pressure on China, should it be perceived as a threat. The American presence and resurgent Russian involvement in Central Asia seem to have put China's influence in the region on the defensive.

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Piekut, Maximilian. "Regulatory Simplifications for Foreign Investors in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone". Studia Iuridica 82 (2 de marzo de 2020): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9620.

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The present article deals with the legal regime in Shanghai Free Trade Zone in the context of business activity taken up by foreign (Polish) entities on the territory of the People’s Republic of China. First of all, the author discusses the general problems in international exchange between Poland and the PRC as well as the chief barriers in access to the Chinese market. The following section of the article is devoted to the general legal provisions that apply to foreign businesses in the Middle Kingdom. Part three discusses preliminary issues related to Shanghai Free Trade Zone with regard to partnerships and companies established by foreign entities. The final section concerns the legislative simplifications in the Free Trade Zone as compared with the general regulations which apply to foreign (Polish) businesses in the PRC. The conclusion features an evaluation of the simplifications and their attractiveness for Polish businesses.

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Guangyu, Liu. "On New Media Art, Its Development and Achievement in China". Revista ICONO14 Revista científica de Comunicación y Tecnologías emergentes 12, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2014): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v12i2.718.

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This essay is aimed to introduce the development status of the new media art in China; the author gave its definition based on his own understanding and observation, which included various forms. Moreover, the developing environment of the new media art in the world is presented systematically in the essay. The author combed the art history and technology history which are closely connected with the birth of the new media art. China has achieved many accomplishments in new media art forms, such as the successful hosting of 2008 World Olympic Games and 2010 World expo. In the opening ceremony of 2008 World Olympic Games, interactive art, installation art and virtual space are in perfect use. Especially, “scroll” has combined all the above technological methods into display, which brought about stunning sensory impact to the audiences. After two years, Shanghai was the focus of the world, 242 countries and international organizations that have attended 2010 Shanghai World expo. The new media art forms are bloomed and flourished, China pavilion’s Qingming Riverside was endowed with new vitality via these new art media forms.

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Sun, Xiaodong, Tsz Leung Yip y Yui-yip Lau. "Location Characteristics of Cruise Terminals in China: A Lesson from Hong Kong and Shanghai". Sustainability 11, n.º 18 (16 de septiembre de 2019): 5056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185056.

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Starting from the late 1960s, the cruise industry has appeared in two key regions, namely Europe and North America. However, the cruise industry has undergone fundamental changes which implies that the number of frequent cruisers is growing, with western travelers supposedly travelling to diverse cultures, attractive cruising destinations and exotic experiences in Southeast Asia for western travelers, and thus cruising in the Asian region has been happening at an enormous growing rate. Among the Asian regions, China is experiencing the fastest growth rates. Both Hong Kong and Shanghai established two cruise terminals which can be described as homeport cities in the 21st centuries. However, Hong Kong and Shanghai cruise terminals need to deal with neighboring competitors like Singapore, Japan, Vietnam, just to name but a few, in a challenging and dynamic environment. In order to examine Hong Kong and Shanghai’s potential evolution into an international cruise terminal hub, we suggest Connectivity, Regional Competitiveness, Utilization, Infrastructure, Security, Environmental Management (CRUISE) framework to seize attainable prospect of the external environment and investigate locational characteristics of cruise terminals in Hong Kong and Shanghai respectively. The first mover and sustainable competitive advantage will be performed. Academic and managerial implications of the research findings for cruise terminals are elaborated.

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