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1
Morris, Alexandra H. "Preying on the predator : the shark fin controversy". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92635.
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Thesis: S.M. in Science Writing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-25).
The consumption of shark fin soup dates back to the Ming Dynasty in China, when it was served to emperors. Today, the cultural delicacy represents wealth, status, and power. Over the past 30 years, with the rising middle class in China, the demand for shark fins has surged. To address the increasing demand, a group of fishermen came to realize there was little value in carting massive shark bodies to shore when all they needed were the highly valued fins. So they sliced off the fins, and threw the still living, rudderless sharks to die in the open ocean. So began the gruesome practice known as "shark finning." Shark populations have been unable to withstand the demand for their fins, and dozens of species are now threatened or endangered. From enhancing legislation to control the shark fin market to building sustainable fisheries to promoting synthetic shark fin soup - efforts to address the issue of shark depletion are seemingly endless. And yet despite these efforts, both the market for shark fins and global catch rates have continued unabated. If the demand for fins and the practice of shark finning continue at the current rate, human interference may forever change the nature of our oceans.
by Alexandra H. Morris.
S.M. in Science Writing
2
Biery, Leah Elisabeth. "Using shark catch data to estimate the magnitude and global distribution of the shark fin trade". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43285.
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China’s economic growth in recent years has led to a rapid increase in shark fin soup consumption, fueling the demand for shark fins and encouraging fishers worldwide to engage in shark finning. Such practices have led to the overfishing and biomass decline of numerous shark species. Globally, shark catches are poorly reported both quantitatively and taxonomically, and legislation to protect sharks is insufficient. Additionally, data on the international trade of shark fins and other shark products are sparse and, when available, lack descriptive details, making effective shark fishery management challenging.
In this thesis, shark-related legislation is reviewed on a global scale, and the legitimacy of the 5% wet fin to body weight ratio commonly specified in legislation is examined through an analysis of 50 species-specific wet fin to body weight ratios. Official FAO shark catch statistics were supplemented with outside information, and Best Catch Estimates (BCEs) of mean yearly shark catches were calculated for each EEZ between the years 2000 and 2009. Missing values for EEZs and the High Seas were estimated. Appropriate conversion factors were applied to BCEs to estimate the total weight of dry fins traded yearly. Results indicate that both legislation and official FAO shark catch statistics are inadequate and improved regulation, data collection, and monitoring of shark fisheries is necessary on a global scale.
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Huang, Katie. "Soup, Fins, and Exploitation: An Analysis of the Current State of Shark Finning". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/506.
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Despite being one of the most recognizable sea creatures in the world, sharks remain widely misunderstood by the public. Media coverage often sensationalizes them as dangerous creatures, when in reality, humans pose a much more significant threat to sharks than vice versa. Over the past few decades, overfishing has decimated populations worldwide as demand increases for byproducts such as meat, cartilage, and fins in particular, a crucial ingredient in the Chinese delicacy of shark fin soup. Finning, a particularly inefficient practice that promotes overfishing and waste, occurs when fishers cut off fins at sea and throw carcasses overboard. As sharks play an important role in marine ecosystems as apex predators and are slow to reproduce, increased attention to shark conservation is urgently needed. Although there have been attempts by international organizations such as the United Nations and by individual countries, current legislation has proven to be inadequate in combating shark exploitation. Though public awareness is on the rise thanks to increased media coverage and environmental advocacy, sharks still need greater protection in the face of overharvest and stock depletion. This thesis details the current state of shark exploitation, including shark biology, public perceptions of sharks, and current levels of shark finning, as well as the economics behind the trade. It also analyzes previous actions taken both at the international and national levels. Finally, it recommends further actions to be undertaken in order to preserve declining shark populations and keep them from extinction.
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Horn, Rebekah L. "Applying a Molecular Genetics Approach to Shark Conservation and Management: Assessment of DNA Barcoding in Hammerhead Sharks and Global Population Genetic Structuring in the Gray Reef Shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos". NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/218.
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Chapter 1
DNA barcoding based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence is emerging as a useful tool for identifying unknown, whole or partial organisms to species level. However, the application of only a single mitochondrial marker for robust species identification has also come under some criticism due to the possibility of erroneous identifications resulting from species hybridizations and/or the potential presence of nuclear-mitochondrial psuedogenes. The addition of a complementary nuclear DNA barcode has therefore been widely recommended to overcome these potential COI gene limitations, especially in wildlife law enforcement applications where greater confidence in the identifications is essential. In this study, we examined the comparative nucleotide sequence divergence and utility of the mitochondrial COI gene (N=182 animals) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) locus (N=190 animals) in the 8 known and 1 proposed cryptic species of globally widespread, hammerhead sharks (family Sphyrnidae). Since hammerhead sharks are under intense fishing pressure for their valuable fins with some species potentially set to receive CITES listing, tools for monitoring their fishery landings and tracking trade in their body parts is necessary to achieve effective management and conservation outcomes. Our results demonstrate that both COI and ITS2 loci function robustly as stand-alone barcodes for hammerhead shark species identification. Phylogenetic analyses of both loci independently and together accurately place each hammerhead species together in reciprocally monophyletic groups with strong bootstrap support. The two barcodes differed notably in levels of intraspecific divergence, with average intraspecific K2P distance an order of magnitude lower in the ITS2 (0.297% for COI and 0.0967% for ITS2). The COI barcode also showed phylogeographic separation in Sphyrna zygaena, S. lewini and S. tiburo, potentially providing a useful option for assigning unknown specimens (e.g. market fins) to a broad geographic origin. We suggest that COI supplemented by ITS2 DNA barcoding can be used in an integrated and robust approach for species assignment of unknown hammerhead sharks and their body parts in fisheries and international trade.
Chapter 2
The gray reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) is an Indo-Pacific, coral reef associated species that likely plays an important role as apex predator in maintaining the integrity of coral reef ecosystems. Populations of this shark have declined substantially in some parts of its range due to over-fishing, with recent estimates suggesting a 17% decline per year on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Currently, there is no information on the population structure or genetic status of gray reef sharks to aid in their management and conservation. We assessed the genetic population structure and genetic diversity of this species by using complete mitochondrial control region sequences and 15 nuclear microsatellite markers. Gray reef shark samples (n=305) were obtained from 10 locations across the species’ known longitudinal Indo-Pacific range: western Indian Ocean (Madagascar), eastern Indian Ocean (Cocos [Keeling] Islands, Andaman Sea, Indonesia, and western Australia), central Pacific (Hawaii, Palmyra Atoll, and Fanning Atoll), and southwestern Pacific (eastern Australia – Great Barrier Reef). The mitochondrial and nuclear marker data were concordant in most cases with population-based analysis showing significant overall structure (FST = 0.27906 (pST = 0.071 ± 0.02), and significant pairwise genetic differentiation between nearly all of the putative populations sampled (i.e., 9 of the 10 for mitochondrial and 8 of the 10 for nuclear markers). Individual-based analysis of microsatellite genotypes identified at least 5 populations. The concordant mitochondrial and nuclear marker results are consistent with a scenario of very low to no appreciable connectivity (gene flow) among most of the sampled locations, suggesting that natural repopulation of overfished regions by sharks from distant reefs is unlikely. The results also indicate that conservation of genetic diversity in gray reef sharks will require management measures on relatively local scales. Our findings of extensive genetic structuring suggests that a high level of genetic isolation is also likely to be the case in unsampled populations of this species.
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Bruno, Carlos Eduardo Malavasi. "Análise morfológica da nadadeira do tubarão-azul, Prionace glauca, Linnaeus, 1758 (Carcharhiniformes: Elasmobranchii)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-11062013-094219/.
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Tubarões e Raias pertencem à classe dos Chondrichthyes, por serem animais que possuem esqueleto cartilaginoso. O Tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca), popularmente conhecido como \"cação-azul\" dentre todas as espécies de tubarão é a mais abundante no ambiente marinho, podendo ser encontrado em toda a parte do mundo. O estudo teve como objetivo estudar a morfologia das nadadeiras do tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca) e os efeitos sobre células tumorais \"in vitro . Os resultados foram obtidos através da microscopia de luz e Citometria de fluxo. Com os caracteres encontrados na analise macroscópica foi possível identificar as nadadeiras obtidas como sendo do Tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca). A histologia da cartilagem da nadadeira do Tubarãoazul, demonstrou que é formada de cartilagem hialina, apresentando três regiões distintas, sendo no seu interior formado por condrócitos, na periferia de cartilagem calcificada e nas bordas formada por pericôndrio com a presença de colágeno tipo I,II e III. Os resultados obtidos das amostras do Elemento Radial não evidenciam alterações funcionais, quanto ao armazenamento, transporte e obtenção do suprimento celular, estes são viáveis e satisfatórios. O composto da cartilagem de tubarão para o tratamento de tumor \"in vitro\" neste estudo sugeriu que o mesmo apresenta uma atividade anti-tumoral significativa. Mostrou efeito tóxico sobre os tumores de mama murina (TAE) e tumor de mama canino (TMC) em baixas concentrações, não apresentando efeito tóxico nas células de fibroblasto nas mesmas concentrações.Sharks and rays belong to the Chondrichthyes Class, once they have cartilaginous skeleton. The blue shark (Prionaceglauca), popularly known as \"blue-cation\", among all shark species is the most abundant in the marine environment and can be found everywhere in the world. This study aimed to study the fin morphology in the blue shark (Prionaceglauca) and its effects on \"in vitro\" tumor cells. The results were obtained using light microscopy and flow cytometry. Using the gross morphology we confirm that the fins belonged to the blue shark (Prionaceglauca). The fin cartilage of the blue shark was formed of hyaline cartilage. It showed three distinct regions with chondrocytes inside, calcified cartilage in the periphery, and perichondrium with collagen type I, II and III in the margins. The results obtained from the Radial Element not showed functional changes as storage, transport and cellular supplies obtaining, they were feasible and satisfactory. The use of shark cartilage compound for the treatment of \"in vitro\" tumor cells suggested that it showed a significant anti-tumor activity. It showed a toxic effect on murine breast tumors (MBT) and canine breast tumor (CBT) at low concentrations, with no significant toxic effect on fibroblast cells using the same concentrations.
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De, la Puente Jeri Santiago. "Characterizing the knowledge and attitudes towards sharks and the domestic use of shark meat and fins in Peru". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63144.
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Shark populations show evidence of declines at a global scale. Knowledge of the socio-economic consequences of changes in their abundance is limited. Furthermore, research on the status of peoples’ knowledge and attitudes towards sharks and how these affect their values, behaviours and actions is lagging behind the pursuit of biological and ecological concerns.
Framed within Peru’s National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks, Rays and Chimeras, the present study sought to: (1) characterize coastal Peruvian’s general knowledge and attitudes towards sharks and shark meat consumption; (2) describe the domestic market and trade flows of shark commodities; (3) estimate the apparent consumption of shark meat and fins in Peru; and (4) reconstruct the catches required to maintain the estimated local levels of shark consumption.
Using data from over 2000 surveys provided by OCEANA Peru, I determined that a limited proportion of the Peruvian coastal population was aware of sharks’ presence in the country’s waters, and of these, only a minor subset was capable of naming shark species found locally. Furthermore, Peruvians have very negative attitudes towards sharks, driven by fear and prevalent misconceptions regarding their feeding habits and behaviour, which are reinforced by mass media.
Using public data, provided by various organizations within the Peruvian government, I determined that shark meat consumption in Peru is high and growing, although its contribution to national food security remains low. Nonetheless, most shark meat consumers are not aware that they are eating sharks due to deceptive advertising.
Improvements on seafood traceability have only been observed on exports, as data associated with landings, local markets and imports remains highly aggregated. Moreover, official statistics severely underestimate the catches required to maintain the Peruvian supply (by 39%) and demand (by 85%) of shark products.
These findings can be used to inform the design of communications campaigns and government policies seeking to: (i) improve people’s knowledge and attitudes towards sharks in Peru, (ii) increase seafood traceability, (iii) protect seafood consumers, and (iv) advance towards the incorporation of these dimensions in the quantitative evaluation of policy outcomes for achieving sustainable shark fisheries.Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
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Clarke, Shelley Catherine. "Quantification of the trade in shark fins". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408811.
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Gray, Teagen K. "Global Population Structure of the Dusky Shark and Geographic Sourcing of Shark Fins from Commercial Markets". NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/53.
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The dusky shark, Carcharinus obscurus, is a globally distributed, coastal-pelagic species subject to an apparent high level of exploitation. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists this species as “Vulnerable” globally, and “Endangered” within western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico waters due to an over 80% decline in this region, with no evidence of population recovery. The extensive exploitation of dusky sharks may partly be attributed to the high market value of its fins, but the contribution of individual dusky shark stocks to the fin markets is unknown. This knowledge would be helpful to detect if specific stocks are experiencing disproportionate levels of exploitation. Due to its susceptibility to overfishing, current dire conservation status and need for additional information on its population dynamics, we analyzed the genetic population structure and genetic diversity of the dusky shark (n = 415) across 8 globally distributed locations utilizing 10 nuclear microsatellite loci. The nuclear marker analyses support and extend previously published mitochondrial marker work, identifying a strong divergence among Atlantic and Indo-Pacific samples. Furthermore, nuclear marker results indicate the presence of six genetically discrete management units for dusky sharks, with significant genetic differentiation between the western North Atlantic, South African, and each of three Australian site collections (N, E and W coasts). Discovery of these nuclear microsatellite-defined, smaller geographic scale management units provides a basis for the assignment of market-derived fins to their population of origin with the use of genetic assignment techniques.
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Koide, S. "The effects of junction modifications on sharp-fin-induced glancing shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260476.
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Leung, Chak-cheong. "Trace metals in sharks' fins : potential health consequences for consumers /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39602230.
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梁澤昌 y Chak-cheong Leung. "Trace metals in sharks' fins: potential health consequences for consumers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013767.
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Raw, Robert Nicolas Vause. "Population structure, site fidelity, and fine-scale habitat use of the broadnose sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianusat Pyramid rock, False Bay, South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11312.
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Includes bibliographical references.The aims of this study were to investigate elements of the demographics, fine-scale habitat use and site fidelity of sevengill sharks. The study was conducted at an aggregation hotspot within a Marine Protected Area, near Miller’s Point in False Bay, South Africa.
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Fernkvist, Marcus y Dick Wästberg. "Knowledge - Find it, Work it, Share it! : En kvalitativ studie som jämför kunskapsanvändande mellan konsulter med olika erfarenhetsnivåer". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-43301.
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Chapple, Sarah K. ""I feel like I just don't quite fit in" : working-age adults with a physical disability share their experiences in residential care". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13857.
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This study explores the perceptions of working-age adults with a physical disability who often face unique challenges while living in a residential care facility designed for a geriatric population. It is apparent that by addressing psychosocial needs and providing appropriate health
care services to adults with a physical disability, strengths and challenges of these residents can be highlighted and recommendations made to improve upon experiences within residential care.
In this study, I sought to answer the question: how do working-age adults with a physical disability experience living in a residential care home designed for a geriatric population? Utilizing a qualitative narrative method, eight adults between the ages of 22 and 59 participated in a face-to-face audio taped interview, during which they shared stories of their
personal experiences living in a residential care home designed for seniors. The concerns and experiences of the participants in this study clustered into the following key themes: (1) admission stories, (2) coping and adjustment, (3) relationships, (4) institutional culture and environment, and (5) hope. Subthemes included experiences of grief and loss, loss of autonomy and choice, changes in family relationships, relationships with staff and older residents, social support and advocacy and perceptions of “fitting in.”
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Zhang, Jie. "Two essays on empirical asset pricing : 1. Forecasted earnings per share and the cross section of expected returns and 2. The limits to arbitrage and the fundamental value-to-price trading strategies /". View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?FINA%202006%20ZHANG.
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Cheng, Shin-Ping y 鄭詩萍. "Heavy metal concentrations of commercial shark fin". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62470307083427579048.
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Lin, Keng-Pin y 林耕斌. "Study on Taiwanese Knowledge and Attitude of Shark Fin Consumption in Tainan and Kaohsiung". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37y45k.
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碩士國立中山大學
海洋事務研究所
106
Sharks are the top predator in marine ecosystem and marine food chain. The number of shark species and quantity affect the health of entire marine ecosystem. Shark fins, which not only representing traditional Chinese dietary culture but also the treasures on Chinese dining tables since ancient times. In recent years, shark catches have continued to rise due to the continuous advancement of pelagic fishing technology, which causing huge crisis on shark ecology. If we can promote not only full utilization of shark carcasses but also avoid eating endangered shark species. We can have perfect balance between preserve traditional Chinese dietary culture and shark conservation. In order to promote the ideas above, we need to understand people’s knowledge, attitude and action of shark conservation. And then make the promotion of shark conservation by strengthening the lack of parts. In this study, questionnaires were distributed to two different groups (general public and people with seafood shopping needs) at four locations (railway station and Hypermarket) in Tainan and Kaohsiung. The questionnaires aim to understand not only people''s knowledge, attitude, action of shark conservation but also the effect of background variables (gender, age, education level, place of distribution) and the correlation between three aspects of the study (knowledge, attitude, action). At the end of the study, proposed suggestions for improving knowledge, attitude, and action of people’s shark conservation will be given according to the results of the study. This study has following results and recommendations: (1) The public’s understanding of international shark conservation affairs is higher than domestic. Therefore, this study recommends that not only the government agency responsible for the utilization and management of fishery resources (Fisheries Agency) but also the government agency responsible for marine conservation (Conservation Administration) should cooperate to enhance people’s understanding of domestic marine conservation affairs through Internet, television, and news media; (2) In knowledge aspect, male earns higher points than female. According to this phenomenon, the study suggested that aquariums and environmental groups can integrate the elements which favored by female into the exhibitions and events of shark theme. It will helpful for attracting female to join the exhibitions and events. Through the exhibitions and events of shark theme, their knowledge of shark conservation will increase; (3) Educational background has no effect on knowledge, attitudes and action of shark conservation, which shows that schools in Taiwan have not implemented marine education. It is suggested that schools can incorporate shark conservation and marine education topics into the curriculum.
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Stelzig, Jürgen [Verfasser]. "Shark-Fin-Test und rheologische Eigenschaften von elastomeren Abformmaterialien : eine Korrelationsanalyse / vorgelegt von Stelzig, Jürgen". 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000345149/34.
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Chiang, Chia-Chi y 江家綺. "Effect of ultraviolet radiation on functional characteristics of fish gelatin and qualities of artificial shark fin made from the treated gelatin". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k2y56d.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
102
Gelatin is currently extracted from bovine or porcine bones and skins. Due to the religious beliefs of some countries and the outbreaks of diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), have brought in an increasing demand of fish gelatin as an alternative source. However, the functional characteristics of fish gelatin is different from bovine and porcine gelatin, the way to improve the characteristics of is needed. Hence, the main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of ultraviolet radiation on fish gelatin. Take 100 g of fish gelatin powder exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The exposure times were 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes and the ultraviolet radiation dose was 612, 1224, 1836, 2448, 3060 and 3672 mJ/cm2. It was found when the ultraviolet radiation dose increasing, appearance of fish gelatin powder will change from bright white to pink and yellow. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of fish gelatin powder irradiated at different ultraviolet radiation dose showed, when the absorption bands in the range of wavenumbers 1600-1690 cm-1, the peak became less obvious. Fish gelatin powder irradiated at different ultraviolet radiation dose was dissolved in water, while the ultraviolet radiation dose was 1836 mJ/cm2, the aqueous solution will become slightly insoluble particles, and as the ultraviolet radiation dose increased, the particles of an insoluble phenomenon in the aqueous solution will became more obvious. And in the properties of fish gelatin, with the increasing dose of ultraviolet radiation, L* and b* values of the gel made from fish gelatin are fall, but the gel strength of the gel will decrease first, then rising. And the artificial shark fins made from different ultraviolet radiation dose of fish gelatin will have lower cooking loss than the control. Based on the above results, the ultraviolet radiation will affect the characteristics of the fish gelatin, it will change the color of the fish gelatin powder, the gel strength of the gel and the aqueous solution of the fish gelatin will become to yield insoluble particles. The artificial shark fins made from different ultraviolet radiation dose of fish gelatin can reduce the cooking loss.
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Hung-Hsiu, Ho y 何弘琇. "Using chitosan and alginate to develop synthetic shark fins". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72647161969660625619.
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碩士國立海洋大學
食品科學系碩士在職專班
90
This study include developing synthetic shark fins from chitosan and Na-algiate, measuring their physical-chemical properties and evaluating their cholesterol lowering ability. Synthetic shark fins were prepared by extrusion chitosan / Na-alginate mixture solution throught a syringe spinnelet into the coagulation bath. The physico-chemical properties of synthetic shark fins measured include the mechanical properties, rehydration rate, thermal properties and IR spectra. The effect of synthetic shark fins on lowering cholesterol of rats was evaluated from the change in cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein in plasma and liver. The results obtained were as following: the effect of coagulation solution between eight batch of extrusion on yield, tensile stress and breaking length was no significant difference. The FT-IR spectra revealed the complex was formed via the electrostatic interaction between chitosan and Na-alginate. Heating the synthetic shark fin in 95 ℃ hot water for 3 hr the tensile stress decreased only about 40% and the elongation was 30%. Tensile stress of synthetic shark fin of this study was higher than commercial product. There was no significant difference in body weight gained, food intake, food efficiency, liver weight, relative liver weight, fecal weight, and plasma lipids of rats fed with synthetic shark fins and cellulose experimental diets. Relative to controls, supplementation with synthetic shark fins had significantly lower levels of total lipids in livers.
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LIN, JIN-PENG y 林金鵬. "Studies on the preparation of imitative shark fins with collagen,gelatin and sodium alginate". Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45435183551969261878.
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Sun, Lu. "Fine-Scale Movements and Behaviors of Whale Sharks, Rhincodon typus, in a Seasonal Aggregation near Al Lith, Saudi Arabia". Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621952.
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Movement and behavior studies are traditional yet effective ways to understand the biology and ecology of a species. For an endangered species like the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), a comprehensive knowledge of its movement and behavior is particularly critical for successful management and conservation. For this dissertation, acoustic telemetry and biologging tagging studies were carried out at a seasonal whale shark aggregation site near Al Lith in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea. Acoustic telemetry data revealed consistent path usage in a narrow longshore area with patterns in seasonality and diel horizontal movements within a smaller scale. Some individuals specifically concentrated on this path and made non-stop back and forth movements along it. In another dimension, depth use of whale sharks derived from biologgers showed distinct diel patterns. The sharks heavily utilized shallow waters with mixed depth usage consisting of surface swimming and varied types of dives, which explained the data of previous visual surveys. Vertical velocities indicated potential energy expenditure strategies that were further investigated based on acceleration data. Energy expenditure data suggested strategies that fine-tuned foraging efforts to optimize the balance between feeding and foraging. However, while these strategies fit well in the natural habitat, local human impacts could be of great disturbance if not well managed.
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Lin, Yu-Chi y 林堉琪. "Study on the Policy Implementation of Shark Catches with Fins-attached Approach for Tuna Longline Vessel in Taiwan". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10831641726691717106.
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碩士國立高雄海洋科技大學
海洋事務與產業管理碩士學位學程
102
The total catches of shark of Taiwan in last decade could rank in world top four as a big shark-catch country. Recently due to the depletion of resources in high sea, many oceanic fisheries organizations have adopted a number of management measures. In order to meet the requirement of the international conservation and management strategies of shark resources, Taiwan announced "Guide for fishing vessel to comply with shark fins treatment and process after catching shark " in January, 2012 to promote measures for shark fins attached approach, and based on the tonnage of vessels and catch-preserved method, the date of such implementation process were established respectively. In this study, the questionnaire method was used to discuss the realization levels and obedience of catches of sharks with fins attached approach way to ship back under the adoption of domestic sales feasible measures and its derivative-related issues for Suao, Kaohsiung, and Tungkang small tuna longline vessels and for both large tuna longline vessels and small tuna longline vessels operated in three main oceans which catches preserved by using ultra low temperature frozen method. The questionnaires after coded were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA methods. The results from analyzing mean values are shown as follows：Suao, Cianzhen and Tungkang small tuna longline operators knew about fins attached approach regulations with low understanding. Three areas derivative-related issues the results of this study are as follows: easy for handling or transporting method could cause shark fins damage and reduce the fins price, increase the operating time of unloading shark finning., and personnel costs The workaround measure is water when the blue shark caught, its belly meat would be removed for cleaning spleen easily, and the fins and body are allowed to separate after numbering then the fins gathered in a bag while the caudal fin allowed to store in another bag. The large-scale tuna longline vessels fishing operators known about “fins attached approach regulations " are with higher level of understanding and compliance policies . The results of the survey questionnaires were derived from operating practices in three oceans as follows: easy for changing cabin or transporting could cause the fin damaged, increased personnel costs and the frozen shark with shark fins attached approach method could lead to reduce the fins freezing price problem. The workaround measure was complying with the shark fins attached approach in order to facilitate their sales in Taiwan. When the caught sharks with sharks fin attached approach shipped back to Taiwan, shark fin buyers could hire their own workers to treat the shark fining. The incidental catches of prohibited shark species, whether they were living or dead would be discarded directly into the sea. Finally, this study presents relevant recommendations based on above research results and characteristics of Taiwanese shark fisheries, including the implementation of statistical information on catches kinds of shark categories, strengthen advocacy ban all oceanic shark species, ongoing shark fins attached approach regulation advocacy work as reference for providing the fisheries authorities the implementation of the policy.
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Rego, Maria Margarida Pimenta de Castro. "Retirement age: one size does not fit all". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/66384.
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The European population is ageing, challenging the financial and social sustainability of
pension systems. By 2050, Portugal will face one of the most alarming scenarios, with an
old-age dependency ratio - i.e. the number of individuals aged 65 or older as a share of
active age population - above 65%, almost doubling the current 2016 figure. Using a rich
micro-level database covering Portugal - the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in
Europe (SHARE) - we show that poor health and unemployment are, together with age and
the length of the contributory career, key elements to understand early retirement, while late
retirement is associated with higher income. These results highlight important individual
heterogeneity on pension preferences and therefore may inform the current policy debate
on retirement age in Portugal
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Huang, Chien-Kang y 黃建綱. "Species Identification of Shark Fins in Taiwan Markets by Using DNA Barcode: the Application to Fishery Management and Species Conservation". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77464182683170970556.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
海洋研究所
102
Shark fin is the most valuable part in a whole shark body, the custom of eating shark fin is very popular in East and South-East Asia, and it has been counted a traditional noble delicacy in China for centuries. This study aims to analyze constitution of species in Taiwan market fins. We collected or purchased shark fin samples from fishing ports or metropolis in Taiwan, including fresh fin, dried fin, soaked fin, canned fin, and pack fin. Because of lacking key features, it is impossible to identify species of the samples by morphological method. We used the molecular tool- DNA barcode (the gene marker is mitochondrial COI gene) to accomplish it. The results showed that this method is appropriate in species identification of fresh fin, dried fin, and soaked fin, but inappropriate in canned fin and pack fin. In the results of species analysis, we found 46 species in the 686 successfully indentified samples of the all 1170 samples. The 46 species belong to 8 orders, 14 families, and 21 genera. In all the samples we analyzed, the most plentiful species is Blue shark, subsequently are Silky shark, Shortfin mako, Bigeye thresher, Scalloped hammerhead, and Pelagic thresher. In status of conservation, according to the evaluation and classification by IUCN, critically endangered species account for 2.2 %, endangered species account for 4.3 %, vulnerable species account for 32.6 %, near threatened species account for 39.1 %, least concern species account for 15.2 %, data deficient species account for 4.3 %, not evaluated species account for 2.2 % in all the species we found in this study. In addition to species identification, we also calculated evolutionary distances of the COI sequences. The results showed that within-species distances ranged from 0.002 to 0.035, with the mean value on 0.007; within-genus distances ranged from 0.003 to 0.102, with the mean value on 0.029; and within-family distances ranged from 0.003 to 0.105, with the mean value on 0.054. Furthermore, all the species can be perfectly separated in phylogenetic trees which are constructed by the haplotypes, it indicated that capability of COI gene in species identification of chondrichthians is very good. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses showed regional genetic divergences in Pelagic thresher, Thresher, Silky shark, Scalloped hammerhead, and Smooth hammerhead; but no divergence in Bigeye thresher, Oceanic whitetip shark, and Great hammerhead. We affirmed that using mitochondrial COI gene as a DNA barcode to identify chondrichthian species is a fast, effective, and accurate method, which will be helpful for fishery management and species conservation.
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Jian, Jhao-chen y 簡肇辰. "Exploring Factors Influencing the Intentions of the Users of Tourism Facebook Fan Pages to Share Information on Pages". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qphehy.
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碩士中華大學
企業管理學系碩士班
101
With the growing development of the Internet, dissemination of information has become much faster. The channel that enterprises deliver their marketing and promotional information is no longer limited to traditional TV commercials and print advertisement. With the growing popularity of Facebook, many new marketing tactics have been devised. Enterprises across different industries increasingly utilize social media to engage in internet marketing. However, the one-way information dissemination by traditional official websites has been transformed into two-way exchanges thanks to social media, which largely changes how internet marketing is operated. In recent years, the most eye-catching marketing tactic of social media is the emergence of marketing through fan pages. Facebook has more than one billion users worldwide. People receive new messages and knowledge, and then disseminate such messages and knowledge by sharing. This further accelerates the speed of information dissemination. As a result, this research is intended to study whether the factors affecting the willingness of users of Facebook fan pages to share information indeed have impacts. The related researches also show that attitude and subjective norms affect the relevant decision-making. As a result, this research proposes a research model which affects the willingness of users of Facebook fan pages to share information, which includes construct factors like attitude, subjective norm and organization feedback. This model is based on the theory of reasoned action with organizational citizenship behavior being the intervening factor which indirectly affects the willingness of users of Facebook fan pages to share information.The research subjects are users of Facebook fan pages selected by way of convenience sampling. The questionnaires were distributed between April 2013 and May 2013 via the Internet. 375 questionnaires were returned among which 318 are valid with 57 questionnaires being invalid. The valid response rate is 85.1%. Statistics are performed on data collected from the questionnaires, followed by SPSS 17.0 and Amos 16.0 analyses. The research results show that the construct factors of attitude, subjective norms and organization feedback under the theory of reasoned action all achieve significant correlation with organizational citizenship behavior. At the same time, it is also established that the construct factors affect users of fan pages in their organizational citizenship behavior towards the fan pages, which in turn affects their willingness of sharing. In particular, organizational citizenship behavior is highly and positively correlated to the willingness of sharing. The research results can serve as references for enterprises in their management of fan pages.
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Juang, Shu-Fen y 莊淑芬. "Juang, Shu-Fen Piano Recital (with supporting paper: Two Subjects concerning the Performance Practice of Tsung-Hsien Yang*s "Albumblatter from Sansui Shack": Pedaling and Articulation)". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20633140284138472245.
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碩士國立交通大學
應用藝術研究所
85
The thesis consists of two parts: the first is the sound recording "Juang, Shu-Fen Piano Recital" , the second is the paper discussing pedaling and articulation of Tsung-Hsien Yang's "Albumblatter from Sansui Shack". The cassette of "Juang, Shu- Fen Piano Recital" is a live recording of the concert on June/21/1997, containig five musical compositions: Beethoven's Piano Sonata op.109, Chopin's Preludes op.28(selections), Brahms' Sonata for Clarinet and Piano op.120 no.1. Bartok's Suites op.14, and Tsung-Hsien Yang's "Albumblatter from Sansui Shack". As a supporting document, the paper presents first a general description of the piece, "Albumblatter from Sansui Shack", and then some specific technical discussions concerning the performance practice. It is arranged into three chapters: the general background and brief analysis of the work; pedaling and articulation; some other thoughts on the interpretation.