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1
Pan, Shi Dong, Zhen Gong Zhou y Lin Zhi Wu. "Longitudinal Shear Modulus of Honeycomb Cores Based on Shear-Compressive Model". Advanced Materials Research 773 (septiembre de 2013): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.555.
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The deformation mechanism of unit cell wall is investigated by use of FEM, and the numerical simulation results show that the predominant deformations consist of shear deformation and compressive deformation. One new model based the shear deformation and the compressive deformation is put forward to investigate the longitudinal shear modulus of honeycomb cores. Owing to taking skin effect into consideration in our model, it is found that the equivalent shear modulus depends on not only the material properties and configuration parameters of cores, but also the material properties and configuration parameters of facesheets.
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Bakushev, S. V. "DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM OF ELASTIC PERFECTLY PLASTIC CONTINUOUS MEDIUM FOR PLANE DEFORMATION IN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES AT BILINEAR APPROXIMATION OF THE CLOSING EQUATIONS". STRUCTURAL MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTIONS, n.º 1 (25 de febrero de 2021): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/0039-2383.2021.1.18.33.
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Abstract. The article considers the construction of differential equations of equilibrium in displacements for plane deformation of elastic perfectly plastic regarding shear deformations continuous medium and nonlinearly elastic continuous medium with respect to volumetric deformations with bilinear approximation of the closing equations, both regarding and regardless geometrical nonlinearity in a cylindrical coordinate system. Nonlinear diagrams of volumetric and shear deformation are approximated by bilinear functions. Proceeding from the assumption of independence, generally speaking, of volume and shear deformation from each other, five main cases of physical dependencies are considered, depending on the relative position of the break points of bilinear diagrams of volume and shear deformation. The construction of bilinear physical dependencies is based on the calculation of the secant moduli of volumetric and shear deformation. In this case, in the first section of the diagrams, the secant modulus of both volumetric and shear deformation is constant, while in the second section of the diagrams, the secant modulus of volumetric deformation is a function of volumetric deformation, and the secant shear modulus is a function of the intensity of shear deformations. Substituting the corresponding bilinear physical relations into the differential equations of equilibrium of a continuous medium, written both regardless and regarding geometrical nonlinearity, the resolving differential equations of equilibrium in displacements for plane deformation in a cylindrical coordinate system are received. The received differential equations of equilibrium in displacements in cylindrical coordinates can be applied in determining the stress-strain state of elastic perfectly plastic with respect to shear deformations continuous medium and nonlinearly elastic with respect to volumetric deformations continuous medium under conditions of plane deformation, both regarding and regardless geometrical nonlinearity, physical relations for which are approximated by bilinear functions.
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Adewole, K. K. y Oladejo O. Joy. "Finite-element block shear failure deformation-to-fracture failure analysis". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, n.º 4 (abril de 2020): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0498.
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This paper presents the finite-element (FE) block shear failure (BSF) deformation-to-fracture analysis. FE analysis reveals the following: BSF begins with bolt – bolt hole contact point compressive yielding and not the tensile or shear yielding reported in the literature. BSF does not result from the combination of the gauge tensile plane tensile deformation and the shear plane pure shear deformation alone as reported in the literature and codes. BSF results from compressive deformation of the bolt – bolt hole contact points, tensile deformation of bolt hole portions not in contact with the bolts, gauge tensile plane and edge distance tensile plane deformations in combination with pure shear deformation and a combined shear and tensile bending deformation of the portions of the shear planes near to and remote from the bolt – bolt hole contact points, respectively. This study provides a better understanding of the BSF mechanism, BSF total load-bearing areas, and various resistances to deformation that contribute to the block shear capacity.
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Bakushev, Sergey V. "Differential equations of continuum equilibrium for plane deformation in cartesian axials at biquadratic approximation of closing equations". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Matematika i mekhanika, n.º 76 (2022): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988621/76/6.
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The subject under analysis is construction of differential equations of equilibrium in displacements for plane deformation of physically and geometrically nonlinear continuous media when the closing equations are biquadratically approximated in a Cartesian rectangular coordinate system. Proceeding from the assumption that, generally speaking, the diagrams of volume and shear deformation are independent from each other, six main cases of physical dependences are considered, depending on the relative position of the break points of biquadratic diagrams of volume and shear deformation. Construction of physical dependencies is based on the calculation of the secant module of volume and shear deformation. When approximating the graphs of volume and shear deformation diagrams using two segments of parabolas, the secant shear modulus in the first segment is a linear function of the intensity of shear deformations; the secant modulus of volume expansion-contraction is a linear function of the first invariant of the strain tensor. In the second section of the diagrams of both volume and shear deformation, the secant shear modulus is a fractional (rational) function of the intensity of shear deformations; the secant modulus of volume expansion-contraction is a fractional (rational) function of the first invariant of the strain tensor. The obtained differential equations of equilibrium in displacements can be applied in determining the stress-strain state of physically and geometrically nonlinear continuous media under plane deformation the closing equations of physical relations for which are approximated by biquadratic functions.
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Zhou, Guang Qiang, Qing Yang Liu y Xin Zhang. "Study on Shear-Shear Deformation Hysteresis Relationship of Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls". Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (septiembre de 2014): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.260.
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In order to study and improve shear-shear deformation hysteresis model of reinforced concrete shear walls, experiment of reinforced concrete shear walls was conducted. Based on experimental data, shear-shear deformation relationship is deduced and shear-shear deformation hysteresis curves are obtained. The existing shear-shear deformation hysteresis models of reinforced concrete walls are discussed and improved, and the calculated shear-shear deformation hysteresis curves with the modified model fit well with experimental results.
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Cruden, D. M., S. Thomson y P. C. Tsui. "The geotechnical characteristics of an ice-thrust mudstone, Wabamun Lake area, Alberta". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 1989): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-032.
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This first detailed report of the geotechnical characteristics of ice-thrust soft rock examines Upper Cretaceous, once heavily overconsolidated mudstones in the Highvale coal mine, Alberta. The fissured and brecciated sample from an ice-thrust shear zone in the mine behaves as a lightly overconsolidated sediment in laboratory tests and shows a non-brittle mode of shear deformation with a maximum shear strength close to residual. This behaviour is due to weathering and glaciotectonic deformation, which have jointed, sheared, and remoulded the mudstone, thus eliminating the fabric formed by overconsolidation.In the ice-thrust mudstone, platy clay minerals dominate and have been grouped into aggregations or shear-remoulded matrices. The strength of the brecciated portion of the mudstone ranges from peak to residual. The strength along principal displacement shears is at or close to residual, as back analysis of a slope failure shows. Key words: ice-thrust shear zone, glaciotectonic deformation, consolidation, nonbrittle deformation, principal displacement shears, shear strength.
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Zhou, Maoding, Yuanhai Zhang, Pengzhen Lin, Wei Ji y Hongmeng Huang. "Study of Practical Analysis Method for Shear Warping Deformationof Composite Box Girder with Corrugated Steel Webs". Materials 16, n.º 5 (23 de febrero de 2023): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051845.
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Shear warping deformation is an important part of the flexural and constrained torsion analysis of composite box girder with corrugated steel webs (CBG-CSWs), which is also the main reason for the complex force analysis of box girders. A new practical theory for analyzing shear warping deformations of CBG-CSWs is presented. By introducing shear warping deflection and corresponding internal forces, the flexural deformation of CBG-CSWs is decoupled to the Euler-Bernoulli beam (EBB) flexural deformation and the shear warping deflection. On this basis, a simplified method for solving shear warping deformation using the EBB theory is proposed. According to the similarity of the governing differential equations of constrained torsion and shear warping deflection, a convenient analysis method for the constrained torsion of CBG-CSWs is derived. Based on the decoupled deformation states, a beam segment element analytical model applicable to EBB flexural deformation, shear warping deflection, and constrained torsion deformation is proposed. A variable section beam segment analysis program considering the variation of section parameters is developed for CBG-CSWs. Numerical examples of constant and variable section continuous CBG-CSWs show that the stress and deformation results obtained by the proposed method are in good agreement with the 3D finite element results, verifying the effectiveness by the proposed method. Additionally, the shear warping deformation has a great influence on the cross-sections near the concentrated load and middle supports. This impact along the beam axis decays exponentially, and the decay rate is related to the shear warping coefficient of the cross-section.
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Akhazhanov, S. B., Ye B. Utepov y T. B. Akhazhanov. "INVESTIGATION OF PLANE BENDING OF A ROD WITH ACCOUNT FOR TRANSVERSAL SHEAR DEFORMATIONS". Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 86, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2022): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2022.4-11.
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The article presents an improved beam finite element, taking into account transverse shear deformations. The transverse shear deformation is taken into account using a parameter. The main dependence and the stiffness matrix of the finite element of the beam are found taking into account the deformation of the transverse shear. The calculation results are compared with analytical and numerical methods.
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Bakushev, Sergey V. "Differential equations of equilibrium of continuous medium for plane one-dimensional deformation at closing equations approximation by biquadratic functions". Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 16, n.º 6 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2020-16-6-481-492.
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Problems of differential equations construction of equilibrium of a geometrically and physically nonlinear continuous medium under conditions of one-dimensional plane deformation are considered, when the diagrams of volumetric and shear deformation are approximated by quadratic functions. The construction of physical dependencies is based on calculating the secant moduli of volumetric and shear deformation. When approximating the graphs of the volumetric and shear deformation diagrams using two segments of parabolas, the secant shear modulus in the first segment is a linear function of the intensity of shear deformations, the secant modulus of volumetric expansion - contraction is a linear function of the first invariant of the strain tensor. In the second section of the diagrams of both volumetric and shear deformation, the secant shear modulus is a fractional (rational) function of the shear strain intensity, the secant modulus of volumetric expansion - compression is a fractional (rational) function of the first invariant of the strain tensor. Based on the assumption of independence, generally speaking, from each other of the volumetric and shear deformation diagrams, six main cases of physical dependences are considered, depending on the relative position of the break points of the graphs of the diagrams volumetric and shear deformation, each approximated by two parabolas. The differential equations of equilibrium in displacements constructed in the article can be applied in determining the stressed and deformed state of a continuous medium under conditions of one-dimensional plane deformation, the closing equations of physical relations for which, constructed on the basis of experimental data, are approximated by biquadratic functions.
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Elmenshawi, Abdelsamie, Tom Brown y Robert Loov. "Behaviour of flexural plastic hinges under high seismic shear with consideration of concrete strength". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2009): 1711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-099.
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A successful seismic design for a reinforced concrete element is one that can postpone the shear failure until the required ductility and deformation capacity are obtained. After flexural yielding, shear deformations are the main causes for strength and stiffness degradation. An experimental program was carried out to explore the shear behaviour of flexural plastic hinges of elements constructed with different concrete strengths (30–175 MPa) tested under load reversals. The specimen represented a beam–column assembly and was designed to have the inelastic deformation at the beam end only. The research investigated the effect of shear deformations on the hysteretic behaviour and stiffness deterioration, cyclic shear demands, shear resisting mechanisms, and the effect of concrete strength on the hinge shear strength. It was found that the effect of concrete strength on beam shear strength under cyclic loading differs from that under unidirectional loading.
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Kayode, Adewole Kazeem y Leopold Mbereyaho. "Finite Element Analysis of Double-Bolt Shear-Out Fracture Failure". Civil and Environmental Engineering 16, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2020-0021.
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AbstractThis paper presents the finite element (FE) analysis of double-bolt shear-out (DBSO) fracture failure. The DBSO fracture shape consists of two oppositely: inclined outer main shear fractures, inner main shear fracture, outer shear lips, and curved inner curved fractures. The DBSO begins with two outer main shear fracture initiations under shear, vertical compressive bending, and sideways bending deformations/stresses followed by the two inner main shear fracture initiations under shear and vertical compressive bending deformations. The outer shear lips occurred under vertical compression bending, shear, and sideways tensile bending stresses/deformations while the two inner curved fractures occur under rotational deformation.
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Lloyd, Geoffrey E. "Syntectonic quartz vein evolution during progressive deformation". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 487, n.º 1 (19 de octubre de 2018): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp487.3.
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AbstractTwo models to explain the progressive deformation of syntectonic quartz veins are derived from conventional theories for simple and pure shears. The simple-shear model is based on reorientation and changes in length of linear vein elements, and predicts initial orientations of veins for imposed shear strains, elongations and strain ratios. The pure-shear model considers changes in length of lines variably orientated relative to the maximum compression direction, and yields estimates of elongation strains and strain ratios. Expectations of both models are different, as illustrated by analysis of quartz veins from the Rhoscolyn Anticline, Anglesey, NW Wales. The simple-shear model recognizes three distinct initial orientations, which predict different strains across the fold; the pure-shear model suggests veins were initially sub-parallel to the principal compression direction and predicts effectively constant strains across the fold. In addition, both models predict different patterns of fold vergence: for simple shear, vergence depends on magnitude and direction of shearing and may exhibit complex patterns; for pure shear, vergence patterns are predicted to be essentially constant. In general, the predictions of either model are critically dependent on the origin of the veins, particularly relative to the formation of the Rhoscolyn Anticline.
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Khriplivets, I. A. "The influence of rolling and high-pressure torsion in the Bridgman chamber on the quantitative characteristics of shear bands in an amorphous Zr-based alloy". Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n.º 2 (2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2073-5073-2021-2-67-74.
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Amorphous alloys based on metal components demonstrate a unique ability to realize plastic deformation under the influence of external mechanical stresses. Influenced by substantial degrees of plastic deformation in alloys, one can observe shear bands (SB) in the form of rough lines on the polished surface of the sample. The concept of shear band formation in amorphous metallic glasses varies greatly from plastic deformation processes in crystalline metals and alloys. Unlike crystalline metals, amorphous metallic glasses can exist in a spectrum of structural states with accompanying mechanical, thermodynamic, and physical properties of materials. The formation and evolution of shear bands control the fluidity and plasticity of almost all metallic glasses at room temperature, and in many cases, the formation of dominant shear bands rapidly leads to failure. The literature does not contain any rigorous quantitative description of SB main parameters, which could adequately describe in the analytical form the process of plastic deformation of amorphous alloys, similar to the dislocation and disclination theories of plastic deformation of crystals. An open question remains how the transition from macroscopic deformation to severe plastic deformations of amorphous alloys affects the key SB characteristics. In this work, using the method of optical profilometry, the author studied in detail the quantitative characteristics of the steps formed by shear bands on the surface of deformed samples of the massive amorphous alloy Zr60Ti2Nb2Cu18.5Ni7.5Al10 after high-pressure torsion (HPT) and after rolling. The study identified that the design of shear bands depends on the deformation method and showed that the magnitude of deformation had the controlling effect on the shear bands thickness (the height of the steps). The transition from deformation by rolling (e=0.4) to plastic deformation during HPT (e=2.6) leads to the threefold increase in the power of shear bands and the average distance between them.
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Chu, Bin-Lin, Yeun-Wen Jou y Meng-Chia Weng. "A constitutive model for gravelly soils considering shear-induced volumetric deformation". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, n.º 6 (junio de 2010): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-135.
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This study elucidates the deformational behavior of gravelly soils by analyzing how hydrostatic pressure and pure shearing affect deformational behavior. A series of drained, triaxial compression tests have been performed using large specimens made of gravelly soils, where the grain-size distribution curve was based on the field condition. The volumetric and shear deformations of gravelly soils have been determined by performing experiments with controlled stress paths — hydrostatic pressure was applied first followed by pure shearing. A simple and innovative constitutive model is also proposed. The proposed model is characterized by the following features of gravelly soils: (i) significant shear-induced volumetric deformation prior to failure, (ii) modulus stiffening under hydrostatic loading and degradation under shearing, and (iii) stress-induced anisotropy. In the proposed model, deformational moduli K and G vary according to the stress state. The stiffening and degradation of these moduli result in diverse deformational behavior of gravelly soils. In addition, an anisotropic factor, β, is introduced to represent stress-induced anisotropy. Moreover, the proposed model only requires eight material parameters; each of which can be obtained easily from experiments.
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ZENKOUR, A. M., M. N. M. ALLAM y MOHAMMED SOBHY. "EFFECT OF TRANSVERSE NORMAL AND SHEAR DEFORMATION ON A FIBER-REINFORCED VISCOELASTIC BEAM RESTING ON TWO-PARAMETER ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS". International Journal of Applied Mechanics 02, n.º 01 (marzo de 2010): 87–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825110000482.
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This article investigates the effect of transverse normal and shear deformations on a fiber-reinforced viscoelastic beams resting on two-parameter (Pasternak's) elastic foundations. The results are obtained by the refined sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory and compared with those obtained by the simple sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory, Timoshenko first-order shear deformation beam theory as well as Euler-Bernoulli classical beam theory. The effects of foundation stiffness on bending of viscoelastic composite beam are presented. The effective moduli methods are used to derive the governing equations of viscoelastic beams. The influences of several parameters, such as length-to-depth ratio, foundation stiffness, time parameter and other parameters on mechanical behavior of composite beams resting on Pasternak's foundations are investigated. Numerical results are presented and conclusions are formulated.
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Segal, V. M. "Severe plastic deformation: simple shear versus pure shear". Materials Science and Engineering: A 338, n.º 1-2 (diciembre de 2002): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00066-7.
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Chen, Wen Hua, Meng Li y Qi Song. "Structural Sand Dynamic Elastic-Plastic Deformation Time-Dimensional Model". Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (noviembre de 2012): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.39.
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Dynamic shear characters of sands of Nanjing, Guangzhou, Harbin are studied, Some dynamic characters of schistose grain、shaft grain and round grain sand are compared and researched. The elastic-plastic change of structural sand skeleton under dynamic shear, the finally and irreversible deformation in the touched part of particle which maybe to produced elastic-plastic change deformation, the change of percent of mass different size particle, have been tested and he affection on dynamic shear from structures of schistose grain sand、staff grain and round grain sand and these affection to shear mould and extra-pore-pressure are analyzed. in order to simulate the nonlinear of dynamic volume and shear stress –shear strain during the liquefaction, a time-dimension-discrete model of sand diliatancy is suggested, the simplified equation can easy to explain the liquefaction and easily to analysis the dynamical deformations of soil.
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Chen, Y. J., Y. J. Li, J. C. Walmsley, S. Dumoulin y H. J. Roven. "Deformation Structures of Pure Titanium during Shear Deformation". Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 41, n.º 4 (24 de noviembre de 2009): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-0040-x.
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Sun, Zhijuan, Jiliang Liu, Qinyan Zhao y Mingjin Chu. "Study on Metering Scheme of Seismic Experiment for Shear Wall Built with Precast Hollow Slab". Open Civil Engineering Journal 8, n.º 1 (4 de septiembre de 2014): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501408010155.
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Shear deformation is the most principal deformation in the lateral deformation of shear wall built with precast hollow slab which is designed to be strong shearing and weak bending. The special mechanical characteristic of the shear wall is the relative deformation of the concrete on both sides of vertical and inner joint respectively. The study introduces the measuring scheme of shear wall deformation and steel strain. The measuring method of shear deformation is designed and the device is used to measure horizontal and vertical relative deformation of the concrete near joints. It has been proved that the experimental measuring scheme can monitor the shear wall deformation and the steel strain successfully. The measuring methods of shear wall deformation and relative deformation are reasonable and feasible.
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Бакушев, С. В. "DIFFERENTIAL EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS IN IDEAL ELASTIC-PLASTIC CONTINUOUS MEDIUM FOR PLANE DEFORMATION IN CARTESIAN COORDINATES AT APPROXIMATION OF CLOSING EQUATIONS BY BIQUADRATIC FUNCTIONS". Stroitelʹnaâ mehanika i konstrukcii, n.º 2(33) (16 de junio de 2022): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.33.2.004.
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Постановка задачи. Рассматривается построение дифференциальных уравнений равновесия в перемещениях идеально упругопластической в отношении сдвиговых деформаций геометрически и физически нелинейной сплошной среды для плоского деформирования при биквадратичной аппроксимации замыкающих уравнений в декартовой прямоугольной системе координат. Построение физических зависимостей при этом основано на вычислении секущих модулей объёмного и сдвигового деформирования. Результаты. Исходя из предположения о независимости друг от друга диаграмм объёмного и сдвигового деформирования, рассмотрены пять основных случаев физических зависимостей, зависящих от взаимного расположения точек излома биквадратичных диаграмм объёмного и сдвигового деформирования. При аппроксимации графиков диаграмм объёмного и сдвигового деформирования при помощи двух отрезков парабол секущий модуль сдвига на первом участке является линейной функцией интенсивности деформаций сдвига; секущий модуль объёмного расширения-сжатия является линейной функцией первого инварианта тензора деформаций. На втором участке диаграмм и объёмного, и сдвигового деформирования секущий модуль сдвига является дробной (рациональной) функцией интенсивности деформаций сдвига; секущий модуль объёмного расширения-сжатия является дробной (рациональной) функцией первого инварианта тензора деформации. Подставляя соответствующие физические уравнения в дифференциальные уравнения равновесия сплошной среды, записанные как без учёта, так и с учётом геометрической нелинейности, получаем разрешающие дифференциальные уравнения равновесия в перемещениях идеально упругопластической в отношении сдвиговых деформаций геометрически и физически нелинейной сплошной среды для плоской деформации в декартовой прямоугольной системе координат. Выводы. Полученные дифференциальные уравнения равновесия в перемещениях могут найти применение при определении напряжённо-деформированного состояния физически и геометрически нелинейных идеально упругопластических сплошных сред, находящихся в условиях плоского деформирования, замыкающие уравнения физических соотношений для которых аппроксимированы биквадратичными функциями. Problem statement. We consider the construction of differential equations of equilibrium in displacements of ideal elastic plastic in relation to shear deformations geometrically and physically nonlinear continuous medium for plane deformation with biquadratic approximation of the closing equations in Cartesian rectangular coordinate system. The construction of physical dependencies in this case is based on the calculation of the secant moduli of volumetric and shear deformation. Results. Proceeding from the assumption that, generally speaking, the diagrams of volumetric and shear deformation are independent from each other, five main cases of physical dependencies are considered, depending on the relative position of break points of the biquadratic diagrams of volumetric and shear deformation. When approximating the graphs of volumetric and shear deformation diagrams using two segments of parabolas, the secant shear modulus in the first section is a linear function of the intensity of shear deformations; the secant modulus of volumetric expansion-compression is a linear function of the first invariant of the strain tensor. In the second section of diagrams of both volumetric and shear deformation, the secant shear modulus is a fractional (rational) function of the intensity of shear deformations; the secant modulus of volume expansion-compression is a fractional (rational) function of the first invariant of the strain tensor. Substituting the corresponding physical equations into the differential equations of equilibrium of continuous medium, written both regarding and regardless geometric nonlinearity, we obtain resolving differential equations of equilibrium in the displacements of ideal elastic-plastic in relation to shear deformations of geometrically and physically nonlinear continuous medium for plane deformation in Cartesian rectangular system coordinates. Conclusions. The obtained differential equations of equilibrium in displacements can be applied in determining the stress-strain state of physically and geometrically nonlinear ideal elastic-plastic continuums under plane deformation conditions, the closing equations of physical relations for which are approximated by biquadratic functions.
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Kirby, JM y BG Blunden. "Interaction of soil deformations, structure and permeability". Soil Research 29, n.º 6 (1991): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9910891.
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Soil deformations, structure and permeability are linked in consistent and qualitatively predictable ways. The critical state concept of soil mechanics provides a useful framework for the description of deformations and the changes in structure and permeability in agricultural operations. Changes in structure are limited until yield (the onset of permanent deformation) occurs either in uniaxial compression or shear. Following yield, changes are more pronounced and may be expansive or compressive. Expansion during shear is accompanied by localised zones of aligned fabric, while compression during shear results in more general rearrangement of structure. Uniaxial compression and compression during shear both result in decreases to permeability. Expansion during shear leads to increases or decreases in permeability, depending on the initial structure. In all cases, shearing appears to cause a change in permeability towards a unique set of relationships among the stresses, void ratio and permeability. Quantitative predictions of changes in structure and permeability resulting from soil deformation cannot be made using current information. Systematic studies of the interaction between soil deformations and structure are required, together with further systematic studies of the interaction between soil deformations and permeability. The critical state concept suggests useful directions in which to explore these interactions.
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Ma, Chi, Shi-zhong Liu, Jin Di y Rui-jie Zhang. "Analysis of Pure Bending Vertical Deflection of Improved Composite Box Girders with Corrugated Steel Webs". Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (30 de marzo de 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617846.
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Steel bottom plates are applied as replacements for the concrete bottom plates in order to reduce the dead weight of the composite box girders with corrugated steel webs and steel bottom plates (CSWSB). Due to the change in the material, the previous analytical calculation methods of vertical deflection of composite box girders with corrugated steel webs (CSWs) cannot be directly applied to the improved composite box girders. The shear lag warpage displacement function was derived based on the shear deformation laws of the upper flange and the bottom plates of the improved composite box girders. The equations for the calculation of the shear deformation and the additional deflection due to the shear lag of continuous and simply supported composite box girders with CSWSB under concentrated and uniformly distribution loads were derived by considering the double effects of the shear lag and the shear deformations of the top and the bottom plates with different elastic moduli. The analytical solutions of the vertical deflection of the improved composite box girders include the theory of the bending deflection of elementary beams, shear deformation of CSWs, and the additional deflection caused by the shear lag. Based on the theoretical derivation, an analytical solution method was established and the obtained vertical deflection analytical solutions were compared with the finite element method (FEM) calculation results and the experimental values. The analytical equations of vertical deflection under the two supporting conditions and the two load cases have verified the analyses and the comparisons. Further, the additional deflections due to the shear lag and the shear deformation are found to be less than 2% and 34% of the total deflection values, respectively. Moreover, under uniform distributed load conditions, the deflection value was found to be higher than that of the under concentrated load condition. It was also found that the ratio of the deflection caused by the shear lag or the shear deformation to the total deflection decreased gradually with the increase in the span width ratio. When the value of the span width ratio of a single box and single chamber composite box girder with CSWSB was equal to or greater than 8, the deflections caused by the shear lag and the shear deformation could be ignored.
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Zheng, Kaiqi, Michael Kuwornu y Zhao Liu. "Shear Test of Variable Depth RC Beams with Inflection Point". MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927502003.
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Variable depth continuous box girder bridges are widely used recently. However, the influence mechanism of the inflection point and variable depth on the shear behaviour of this type bridge has not been fully understood. In this paper, reinforced concrete (RC) beams with constant depth and variable depth were designed as constrained beams to create the inflection point. Firstly, a theoretical uncoupling theory for shear and flexural deformation of variable depth beam was derived. Then, the after cracking shear deformations and the ultimate failure loads were measured. Further, preliminary reveal of the influence mechanism of inflection point on the shear capacity was attempted. Finally, the development of after-cracking shear strain and the degradation of shear stiffness were studied. The formation of first critical diagonal cracks and yielding of stirrup are the turning points of shear stiffness. Increasing stirrup ratio provides more apparent enhancement for residual shear stiffness, which means more effective inhibition on shear deformation.
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Setzler, Eric J. y Halil Sezen. "Model for the Lateral Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Including Shear Deformations". Earthquake Spectra 24, n.º 2 (mayo de 2008): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2932078.
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This research is focused on modeling the behavior of reinforced concrete columns subjected to lateral loads. Deformations due to flexure, reinforcement slip, and shear are modeled individually using existing and new models. Columns are classified into five categories based on a comparison of their predicted shear and flexural strengths, and rules for combining the three deformation components are established based on the expected behavior of columns in each category. Shear failure in columns initially dominated by flexural response is considered through the use of a shear capacity model. The proposed model was tested on 37 columns from various experimental studies. In general, the model predicted the lateral deformation response envelope reasonably well.
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Beygelzimer, Yan, Ruslan Valiev y Viktor Varyukhin. "Simple Shear: Double-Stage Deformation". Materials Science Forum 667-669 (diciembre de 2010): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.97.
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A hypothesis for two-stage character of deformation under load via the simple shear scheme is suggested. At the first stage in the shear strain range , where - the strain parameter, the metal microstructure changes in the way similar to that during elongation. At the second stage at accidental multi-scale rotative motions, similar to turbulent motions in liquids, take place in the metal. This stage of deformation is the proper simple shear. The results of experiments are presented, which testify in favor of the suggested hypothesis.
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KANETAKE, Naoyuki. "Shear Deformation Creates New Materials". Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 50, n.º 578 (2009): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.50.161.
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KATORI, Hiroaki y To-ru NISHIMURA. "Shear deformation in beam theory." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 54, n.º 502 (1988): 1233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.54.1233.
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KATORI, Hiroaki y Yoshinori NIWA. "Beam Element Including Shear Deformation". Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 74, n.º 745 (2008): 1220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.74.1220.
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Sjoerdsma, S. D., J. P. H. Boyens y J. J. Mooij. "Shear deformation under impact conditions". Polymer Engineering and Science 25, n.º 4 (marzo de 1985): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760250408.
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Luo, Zheng Yuan, Long He y Bo Feng Bai. "Deformation of spherical compound capsules in simple shear flow". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 775 (16 de junio de 2015): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.286.
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The deformation of a compound capsule (an elastic capsule with a smaller capsule inside) in simple shear flow is studied by using three-dimensional numerical simulations based on a front tracking method. The inner and outer capsules are concentric and initially spherical. Skalaket al.’s constitutive law is employed for the mechanics of both the inner and outer membranes. Our results concerning the deformation of homogeneous capsules (i.e. capsules without the inner capsules) are quantitatively in agreement with the predictions of previous numerical simulations and perturbation theories. Compared to homogeneous capsules, compound capsules exhibit smaller deformation. The deformations of both the inner and outer capsules are significantly affected by the capillary numbers of the inner and outer membranes and the volume ratio of the inner to the outer capsule. When the inner capsule is small, it presents smaller deformation than the outer capsule. However, when the inner capsule is sufficiently large, it can present larger deformation than the outer capsule, even if the inner membrane has much lower capillary number than the outer membrane. The underlying mechanisms are discussed: (i) the inner capsule is deformed by rotational flow with lower rate of strain rather than by simple shear flow that deforms the outer capsule, and thus the inner capsule exhibits smaller deformation; and (ii) when the inner and outer membranes are sufficiently close (i.e. the inner capsule is sufficiently large), the hydrodynamic interaction between the two membranes becomes significant, which is found to inhibit the deformation of the outer capsule but to promote the deformation of the inner capsule.
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Leiss, B., S. Siegesmund y K. Weber. "Texture Asymmetries as Shear Sense Indicators in Naturally Deformed Mono- and Polyphase Carbonate Rocks". Textures and Microstructures 33, n.º 1-4 (1 de enero de 1999): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.33.61.
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The microstructural and quantitative texture analyses of a naturally deformed calcite mylonite, a dolomite mylonite and a dolomitic calcite mylonite reveal different texture asymmetries for comparable deformation conditions. Calcite shows a c-axis maximum rotated against the shear sense with regard to the main shear plane. In contrast, the dolomite shows a c-axis maximum rotated with the shear sense. In accordance with the experimental and simulated textures from the literature, this difference proves e-twinning and r-slip for calcite and f-twinning and c-slip for dolomite as the main deformation mechanisms. The dolomitic calcite mylonite shows for both the calcite and the dolomite a c-axis maximum rotated against the shear sense. On account of the microstructure of this sample, the dolomite texture has been passively overtaken from the deformation texture of calcite during a late-deformative dolomitization. The results significantly contribute to the interpretation that the sampled shear zone is a transpressive strike–slip fault.
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Zhou, Zhukun, Hao Wang y Mo Li. "Pure shear deformation and its induced mechanical responses in metallic glasses". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, n.º 2231 (noviembre de 2019): 20190486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0486.
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Shear is a basic deformation mode governing yielding, plasticity and fracture in metallic solids. For amorphous metals, due to various constraints, little work is available in addressing directly shear deformation and shear-induced mechanical property changes which are vital to the mechanistic understanding of this new class of disordered materials. Here, by using a finite deformation theory, we examine the pure shear deformation in a bulk metallic glass in a large range of shear strains. With the continuum approach, we show systematically for the first time the detailed shear deformation behaviours, shear-induced normal stress and strain relations, softening in the elastic constants, volume dilatation and free energy change induced by the shear deformation. These results point to two major consequences from the shear deformation, one is the mechanical degradations and the other material degradation which is responsible for the changes in the mechanical properties of the disordered materials.
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Chen, He Chun. "Shearing Deformation Research on Annular Woven Shaped Fabrics". Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (septiembre de 2013): 1175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.1175.
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shaped weaving is a method which using unequal length of the warp and weft to weave shaped fabrics on the ordinary weaving frames. After multi-layer wound and resin solidified, these shaped fabrics can be formed into whole three-dimensional preform parts, such as oval-shaped pressure vessels, conical tube, ring, etc. because the batch roller on frame is cone frustum, not cylinder, which makes the shear deformation happens when tuck-in fabrics. In this paper, through the establishment of shear deformation model of the annular shaped woven fabric, and theoretical derivation on shear deformation, then calculate the weft deformation angle by theoretical formula. By contrast, we found the calculated shear deformation angle is very near to that measured on the shape fabrics. This proves the shear deformation model and theoretical derivation are correct, accord with the real situation of the shear deformation. Key words: shape woven fabric, shear deformation, theory model,shear angle
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Nakajima, N., J. J. Scobbo y E. R. Harrell. "Comparison of Tensile and Shear Behavior of Carbon-Black-Filled Elastomers". Rubber Chemistry and Technology 60, n.º 4 (1 de septiembre de 1987): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536156.
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Abstract Four NBR's and 2 SBR's with 40 phr carbon black and one SBR with 56 phr carbon black were characterized in both tensile stress-strain behavior and small-strain dynamic-shear behavior. The room temperature tensile stress-strain behavior was determined at strain rates of 0.00690, 0.0187, 0.0975, 0.0162, and 0.253 s−1. For dynamic-shear observations, loss and storage moduli were used to calculate the complex viscosity-frequency curve at small deformations and frequencies of 0.1 to 100 rad/s. Also, these data from tensile and shear experiments were compared with previous data from a capillary rheometer, high-speed tensile tester, and oscillatory tensile tester. Strain-time correspondence was found applicable to large-deformation tensile data up to the yield point. The formation of an anisotropic aggregate density in elongational deformation explains the higher viscosity and modulus for tensile behavior relative to small-strain shear behavior at similar conditions. In shear deformation and flow, the formation of an anisotropic density of aggregates does not seem to occur appreciably.
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Nakajima, T., K. Kon, N. Maeda, K. Tsunekawa y T. Shiga. "Deformation response of red blood cells in oscillatory shear flow". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1990): H1071—H1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.4.h1071.
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The characteristics of red cell deformation were studied, focusing on deformation response of the cells subjected to oscillatory shear stress. Red blood cells were fractionated into subpopulations of different densities, i.e., low-density and high-density cells. The deformation response of the fractionated cells was evaluated with a rheoscope varying their intracellular viscosity and oscillation frequency of the applied shear stress, and determinants of the deformation response were compared with those of whole cell deformation under stationary shear stress. When the fractionated cells were exposed to sinusoidally oscillated shear stress, the cells underwent oscillatory deformation. The degree of deformation of the low-density cells correspond to the magnitude of the applied shear stress up to an oscillation frequency of 2.7 Hz. Meanwhile, such an oscillatory deformation as to correspond to the applied shear stress was observed up to 1.7 Hz for the high-density cells. It was suggested that intracellular viscosity was an important factor to determine the deformation response of red cells to oscillatory shear stress.
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Balbi, Valentina, Tom Shearer y William J. Parnell. "A modified formulation of quasi-linear viscoelasticity for transversely isotropic materials under finite deformation". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 474, n.º 2217 (septiembre de 2018): 20180231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0231.
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The theory of quasi-linear viscoelasticity (QLV) is modified and developed for transversely isotropic (TI) materials under finite deformation. For the first time, distinct relaxation responses are incorporated into an integral formulation of nonlinear viscoelasticity, according to the physical mode of deformation. The theory is consistent with linear viscoelasticity in the small strain limit and makes use of relaxation functions that can be determined from small-strain experiments, given the time/deformation separability assumption. After considering the general constitutive form applicable to compressible materials, attention is restricted to incompressible media. This enables a compact form for the constitutive relation to be derived, which is used to illustrate the behaviour of the model under three key deformations: uniaxial extension, transverse shear and longitudinal shear. Finally, it is demonstrated that the Poynting effect is present in TI, neo-Hookean, modified QLV materials under transverse shear, in contrast to neo-Hookean elastic materials subjected to the same deformation. Its presence is explained by the anisotropic relaxation response of the medium.
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Dokos, Socrates, Bruce H. Smaill, Alistair A. Young y Ian J. LeGrice. "Shear properties of passive ventricular myocardium". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 283, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2002): H2650—H2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00111.2002.
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We examined the shear properties of passive ventricular myocardium in six pig hearts. Samples (3 × 3 × 3 mm) were cut from adjacent regions of the lateral left ventricular midwall, with sides aligned with the principal material axes. Four cycles of sinusoidal simple shear (maximum shear displacements of 0.1–0.5) were applied separately to each specimen in two orthogonal directions. Resulting forces along the three axes were measured. Three specimens from each heart were tested in different orientations to cover all six modes of simple shear deformation. Passive myocardium has nonlinear viscoelastic shear properties with reproducible, directionally dependent softening as strain is increased. Shear properties were clearly anisotropic with respect to the three principal material directions: passive ventricular myocardium is least resistant to simple shear displacements imposed in the plane of the myocardial layers and most resistant to shear deformations that produce extension of the myocyte axis. Comparison of results for the six different shear modes suggests that simple shear deformation is resisted by elastic elements aligned with the microstructural axes of the tissue.
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Chen, Yao-Chung y Hsiu-Yen Hung. "Evolution of Shear Modulus and Fabric During Shear Deformation". Soils and Foundations 31, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1991): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.31.4_148.
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Mohamed, Nayera, Ahmed Sabry Farghaly, Brahim Benmokrane y Kenneth W. Neale. "Flexure and Shear Deformation of GFRP-Reinforced Shear Walls". Journal of Composites for Construction 18, n.º 2 (abril de 2014): 04013044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000444.
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Batra, R. C. y De-Shin Liu. "Adiabatic Shear Banding in Plane Strain Problems". Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1989): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176122.
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Plane strain thermomechanical deformations of a viscoplastic body are studied with the objective of analyzing the localization of deformation into narrow bands of intense straining. Two different loadings, namely, the top and bottom surfaces subjected to a prescribed tangential velocity, and these two surfaces subjected to a preassigned normal velocity, are considered. In each case a material defect, flaw, or inhomogeneity is modeled by introducing a temperature bump at the center of the specimen. The solution of the initial boundary value problem by the Galerkin-Adams method reveals that the deformation eventually localizes into a narrow band aligned along the direction of the maximum shearing strain. For both problems, bands of intense shearing appear to diffuse out from the center of the specimen.
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de Loubens, C., J. Deschamps, F. Edwards-Levy y M. Leonetti. "Tank-treading of microcapsules in shear flow". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 789 (26 de enero de 2016): 750–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.758.
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We investigated experimentally the deformation of soft microcapsules and the dynamics of their membrane in simple shear flows. Firstly, the tank-treading motion, i.e. the rotation of the membrane, was visualized and quantified by tracking particles included in the membrane by a new protocol. The period of membrane rotation increased quadratically with the extension of the long axis. The tracking of the distance between two close microparticles showed membrane contraction at the tips and stretching on the sides, a specific property of soft particles such as capsules. The present experimental results are discussed in regard to previous numerical simulations. This analysis showed that the variation of the tank-treading period with the Taylor parameter (deformation) cannot be explained by purely elastic membrane models. It suggests a strong effect of membrane viscosity whose order of magnitude is determined. Secondly, two distinct shapes of sheared microcapsules were observed. For moderate deformations, the shape was a steady ellipsoid in the shear plane. For larger deformations, the capsule became asymmetric and presented an S-like shape. When the viscous shear stress increased by three orders of magnitude, the short axis decreased by 70 % whereas the long axis increased by 100 % before any break-up. The inclination angle decreased from 40° to 8°, almost aligned with the flow direction as expected by theory and numerics on capsules and from experiments, theory and numerics on drops and vesicles. Whatever the microcapsule size and the concentration of proteins, the characteristic lengths of the shape, the Taylor parameter and the inclination angle satisfy master curves versus the long axis or the normalized shear stress or the capillary number in agreement with theory for non-negligible membrane viscosity in the regime of moderate deformations. Finally, we observed that very small deviation from sphericity gave rise to swinging motion, i.e. shape oscillations, in the small-deformation regime. In conclusion, this study of tank-treading motion supports the role of membrane viscosity on the dynamics of microcapsules in shear flow by independent methods that compare experimental data both with numerical results in the regime of large deformations and with theory in the regime of moderate deformations.
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Jiang, Huan Jun, Yong Ying y Bin Wang. "Experimental Investigation on Damage Behavior of RC Shear Walls". Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (mayo de 2011): 2407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2407.
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Low-cycle cyclic loading tests were carried out on seven reinforced concrete shear wall specimens with different design parameters to investigate the damage behavior under earthquakes. The damage features including the damage process, deformations, the maximum crack width and the corresponding residue crack width at different damage state were recorded. According to the experimental data, the influence of axial compressive load ratio, stirrup ratio of the boundary column and cross-section shape on the ductility, carrying capacity, deformation characteristic and seismic damage is analyzed. With the axial compressive load ratio increasing, the carrying capacity and shear effect increase while the ductility and residual crack ratio decrease. With the deformation and damage increasing, the shear effect increases. The shear walls with I-shaped cross-section display more shear effect than those with the cross-section of “—” and “T” shape.
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Jia, Liang-Jiu, Yang Dong, Hanbin Ge, Kana Kondo y Ping Xiang. "Experimental Study on High-Performance Buckling-Restrained Braces with Perforated Core Plates". International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, n.º 01 (20 de diciembre de 2018): 1940004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419400042.
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The compressive deformation is mainly contributed by axial compressive deformation and high-order in-plane and out-of-plane global buckling deformation for conventional buckling-restrained braces (BRBs). A novel type of all-steel BRBs with perforated core plates, termed as perforated BRBs (PBRBs), are proposed in this study, where shear deformation can occur in addition to the aforementioned deformations in a conventional BRB under compression. Experimental study was carried out using five specimens with different configurations of holes under cyclic loading. Stable hysteretic properties, high ductility, and energy dissipation capacity were obtained for the PBRBs. The effects of two parameters, i.e. the slenderness ratio of the chord and hole spacing factor defined as the ratio of the hole length to the hole spacing, on seismic performance of the specimens were investigated. The compressive deformation mechanisms of the PBRBs were further investigated through a numerical study. The compressive deformation was found to be composed of axial compressive deformation, flexural deformation owing to in-plane and out-of-plane global buckling, and in-plane shear deformation of the latticed core plate.
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Hilgendorff, Philipp Malte, Andrei Grigorescu, Martina Zimmermann, Claus Peter Fritzen y Hans Jürgen Christ. "Simulation of the Interaction of Plastic Deformation in Shear Bands with Deformation-Induced Martensitic Phase Transformation in the VHCF Regime". Key Engineering Materials 664 (septiembre de 2015): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.664.314.
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The experimental observation of the microstructural deformation behavior of a metastable austenitic stainless steel tested at the real VHCF limit indicates that plastic deformation is localized and accumulated in shear bands and martensite formation occurs at grain boundaries and intersecting shear bands. Based on these observations a microstructure-sensitive model is proposed that accounts for the accumulation of plastic deformation in shear bands (allowing irreversible plastic sliding deformation) and considers nucleation and growth of deformation-induced martensite at intersecting shear bands. The model is numerically solved using the two-dimensional (2-D) boundary element method. By using this method, real simulated 2-D microstructures can be reproduced and the microstructural deformation behavior can be investigated within the microstructural morphology. Results show that simulation of shear band evolution is in good agreement with experimental observations and that prediction of sites of deformation-induced martensite formation is possible in many cases. The analysis of simulated shear stresses in most critical slip systems under the influence of plastic deformation due to microstructural changes contributes to a better understanding of the interaction of plastic deformation in shear bands with deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation in the VHCF regime.
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Lan, Xiang Jun y Zhi Hua Feng. "Analysis of Deflections and Stresses for Laminated Composite Plates Based on a New Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theory". Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (noviembre de 2012): 1725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1725.
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Based on the new simple third-order shear deformation theory, the deflections and stresses of the simply surported symmetrical laminated composite plates are obtained by using the principle of virtual work .The solutions are compared with the solutions of three-dimensional elasticity theory, the first-order shear deformation theory and the Reddy’s higher order shear deformation theory . Results show that the presented new theory is more reliable, accurate, and cost-effective in computation than the first-order shear deformation theories and other simple higher-order shear deformation theories.
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Ning, Xinguo, Qiliang Zhu, Yoram Lanir y Susan S. Margulies. "A Transversely Isotropic Viscoelastic Constitutive Equation for Brainstem Undergoing Finite Deformation". Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 128, n.º 6 (29 de junio de 2006): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2354208.
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The objective of this study was to define the constitutive response of brainstem undergoing finite shear deformation. Brainstem was characterized as a transversely isotropic viscoelastic material and the material model was formulated for numerical implementation. Model parameters were fit to shear data obtained in porcine brainstem specimens undergoing finite shear deformation in three directions: parallel, perpendicular, and cross sectional to axonal fiber orientation and determined using a combined approach of finite element analysis (FEA) and a genetic algorithm (GA) optimizing method. The average initial shear modulus of brainstem matrix of 4-week old pigs was 12.7Pa, and therefore the brainstem offers little resistance to large shear deformations in the parallel or perpendicular directions, due to the dominant contribution of the matrix in these directions. The fiber reinforcement stiffness was 121.2Pa, indicating that brainstem is anisotropic and that axonal fibers have an important role in the cross-sectional direction. The first two leading relative shear relaxation moduli were 0.8973 and 0.0741, respectively, with corresponding characteristic times of 0.0047 and 1.4538s, respectively, implying rapid relaxation of shear stresses. The developed material model and parameter estimation technique are likely to find broad applications in neural and orthopaedic tissues.
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Yeoh, O. H. "Characterization of Elastic Properties of Carbon-Black-Filled Rubber Vulcanizates". Rubber Chemistry and Technology 63, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 1990): 792–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538289.
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Abstract A novel strain-energy function which is a simple cubic equation in the invariant (I1−3) is proposed for the characterization of the elastic properties of carbon-black-filled rubber vulcanizates. Conceptually, the proposed function is a material model with a shear modulus which varies with deformation. This contrasts with the neo-Hookean and Mooney-Rivlin models which have a constant shear modulus. The variation of shear modulus with deformation is commonly observed with filled rubbers. Initially, the modulus falls with increasing deformation, leading to a flattening of the shear stress/strain curve. At large deformations, the modulus rises again due to finite extensibility of the network, accentuated by the strain amplication effect of the filler. This characteristic behavior of filled rubbers may be described approximately by the proposed strain-energy function by requiring the coefficient C20 to be negative, while the coefficients C10 and C30 are positive. The use of the proposed strain-energy function has been shown to permit the prediction of stress/strain behavior in different deformation modes from data obtained in one simple deformation mode. This circumvents the need for a rather difficult experiment in general biaxial extension. The simple form of the proposed function also simplifies the regression analysis. This strain-energy function is consistent with the general Rivlin strain-energy function and is easily obtained from the popular third-order deformation approximation. Thus, it is already available in many existing finite-element analysis programs.
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Jameel, Adnan N. y Salam Ahmed Abed. "FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE LAMINATED PLATES USING HOST 12". Journal of Engineering 18, n.º 2 (16 de mayo de 2023): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.02.09.
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This paper presents an application of a Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory (HOST 12) to problemof free vibration of simply supported symmetric and antisymmetric angle-ply composite laminated plates.The theoretical model HOST12 presented incorporates laminate deformations which account for the effectsof transverse shear deformation, transverse normal strain/stress and a nonlinear variation of in-planedisplacements with respect to the thickness coordinate – thus modeling the warping of transverse crosssections more accurately and eliminating the need for shear correction coefficients. Solutions are obtained inclosed-form using Navier’s technique by solving the eigenvalue equation. Plates with varying number oflayers, degrees of anisotropy and slenderness ratios are considered for analysis. The results compared withthose from exact analysis and various theories from references
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Chen, Yun Long, Ai Dang Shan, Jian Hua Jiang y Yi Ding. "Characterizing the Shear Deformation during Asymmetric Rolling". Materials Science Forum 584-586 (junio de 2008): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.584-586.327.
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Asymmetric rolling has been considered as a possible way to obtain severe plastic deformation (SPD) since it will give an extra shear deformation to the processed materials during rolling. Previous researches have confirmed such a shear deformation. Very recently, the method of inserting-block is used to characterize the shear deformation through direct observation, but when the reduction is more than 70%, the lineation scratched on the side face of internal mark becomes vague and illegible. In order to directly observe the shear deformation of metallic material with large reduction, the internal mark method is employed in this research and asymmetric rolling was performed with pure aluminum and iron at room temperature. In severe plastic deformation, the shear deformation caused by asymmetric rolling was clearly observed and measured through employing internal mark method. Remarkable extra shear deformation during asymmetric rolling was confirmed. Very high equivalent strains were achieved when sheet samples were asymmetrically rolled to high reduction ratio. These strain values fall into the range of SPD.
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Tang, Ming Min, Li Chao Su y Shui Wan. "Study of Shear Deformation's Influence on Deflection of Continuous Composite Box-Girder Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs". Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (enero de 2013): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.961.
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Taking South-to-North Water Diversion Bridge, a continuous composite box-girder bridge with corrugated steel webs, as the engineering background, the cantilever beam end’s deflection calculation formulae considering shear deformation were deduced by using energy method. Comparing with finite-element analysis (FEA) values and measured values, the formulae which considered both concentrated force and uniform load have enough accuracy. Results show that, shear deformation’s proportion is more obvious in overall deflection of such box-girders which have smaller span ratio, and it’s more than 30%. For continuous composite box-girder bridge with corrugated steel webs, contribution of shear deformation to overall deflection should not be ignored.