Tesis sobre el tema "Sheryl L"

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Enzyme production by fermentative process is a broad field of biotechnology. In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend in the use of solid-state fermentation (SSF) for the production of some enzymes, especially those involved in the degradation of vegetables complex macromolecules. Regarding the enzyme market Brazil is consumer of imported products. In this scenario, the coconut shell emerges as a strategic raw material to reach the production of enzymes in the country. Thus, it is important to further on the use of coconut green shell powder as substrate for cellulolytic enzymes of interest in the food industry. Cellulase producing fungi used in this study were isolated from coconut shell. The results of enzyme activity obtained with the isolated strains from coconut shell were compared in terms of production capacity of cellulases with strains of Trichoderma polysporum, T. viride, T. reesei NRRL 11460 and Aspergillus niger NRRL 2001. From the results, the coconut shell waste can be considered a good inducer for cellulase production . The strain isolated from coconut shell (CZ01) is a good producer under solid-state fermentation because higher enzyme activity was obtained with its crude enzyme extract when compared with other enzyme producers, including a patented strain of T. reesei Rut C-30 (NRRL 11460), using the same inducer substrate. It is also worth mentioning that the majority of cellulase reported in the scientific literature are obtained under conditions of acidic pH and in this study the maximum enzyme activity was obtained at pH close to neutral (range 6.0 to 6.5). Therefore, the isolated and selected strain from the coconut shell (CZ01) showed good enzyme activity when compared with results obtained by other strains reported in the scientific literature, being therefore a very promising strain for the cellulase production enabling the use of this agroindustrial wastes.
A produÃÃo de enzimas por processos fermentativos à um vasto campo da biotecnologia. Nas Ãltimas dÃcadas tem-se observado um aumento na tendÃncia do uso da fermentaÃÃo semi-sÃlida para a produÃÃo de algumas enzimas, em especial aquelas envolvidas na degradaÃÃo de macromolÃculas vegetais complexas. No campo da comercializaÃÃo de enzimas, o Brasil à consumidor de produtos importados. Neste cenÃrio, a casca do coco verde surge como uma matÃria-prima estratÃgica para alavancar a produÃÃo de enzimas em territÃrio nacional. Deste modo, torna-se importante um estudo mais aprofundado sobre o uso do pà da casca do coco verde como substrato para a obtenÃÃo de enzimas celulolÃticas, sobretudo de interesse da indÃstria de alimentos. Os fungos produtores de celulases utilizados neste trabalho foram isolados da casca de coco. Os resultados de atividade enzimÃtica obtidos com as cepas isoladas da casca do coco foram comparados quanto à capacidade de produÃÃo de celulases com linhagens de Trichoderma polysporum, T. viride, T. reesei NRRL 11460 e Aspergillus niger NRRL 2001. O resÃduo da casca de coco verde como fonte alternativa para a produÃÃo de celulases se revelou como um Ãtimo substrato indutor, pois de acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que a linhagem CZ01 (isolada da casca do coco) à boa produtora de celulases, pois cresceu facilmente em substrato semi-sÃlido lignificado, alÃm de apresentar elevada atividade no extrato enzimÃtico bruto, quando comparada com outros produtores enzimÃticos, incluindo uma linhagem patenteada de T. reesei Rut C-30 (NRRL 11460), utilizando o mesmo substrato indutor. Vale ressaltar tambÃm, que a grande maioria das celulases reportadas na literatura cientÃfica sÃo obtidas em condiÃÃes de pH Ãcido e neste estudo a mÃxima atividade enzimÃtica foi obtida na faixa de pH muito prÃximo da neutralidade (faixa de 6.0 a 6.5). Portanto, a linhagem selecionada e isolada da casca do coco (CZ01) apresentou boa atividade enzimÃtica quando comparada com resultados obtidos por outras linhagens reportadas na literatura cientÃfica, tratando-se, portanto, de uma linhagem bastante promissora para a produÃÃo de celulases viabilizando o aproveitamento deste resÃduo agroindustrial.

Caratteristiche hardware di un rover terrestre (progetto SHERPA). Implementazione tramite il framework ROS di un algoritmo di alto livello di navigazione autonoma basato su due possibili algoritmi di basso livello: LOS (Lightweight Object Streaming developed by BlueBotics) o Navigation Stack. Sviluppo di una Control Ground Station (Java) basata su: protocollo SSH2 oppure sfruttando la libreria LOS.

Orientador: Silvana Martinez Baraldi Artoni
Coorientador: Edney Pereira da Silva
Banca: Nilce Maria Soares
Banca: Lizandra Amoroso
Resumo: Para se conseguir alcançar a crescente demanda de ovos comercial é necessário entender os fatores responsáveis na produção desse produto. Assim o desempenho produtivo tal como a qualidade dos ovos e as condições fisiológicas da ave são muito relevantes para tal objetivo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar a eficácia do L - pidolato de cálcio®, precursor de dois aminoácidos (prolina e arginina) que estão presentes na constituição da membrana interna do ovo e ossos, sobre o desempenho produtivo e sobre a qualidade de ovos bem como a qualidade óssea de galinhas poedeiras Hy-line W36 no período de 56 a 69 semanas de idade. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Ciências Avícolas (LAVINESP), do departamento de Zootecnia da UNESP- FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal no período de novembro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Foram testados 10 tratamentos compostos de duas dietas e 5 níveis de L - pidolato de cálcio®, resultando assim um esquema fatorial cruzado 2×5, com oito repetições de seis aves cada, totalizando unidades experimentais e um total de 480 aves. Foram utilizados quatro blocos, com duas repetições por bloco, constituídos de faixas de peso. As medidas foram realizadas sobre as mesmas unidades experimentais durante 13 semanas, totalizando 91 dias de ensaio. Não foi possível observar nas medidas avaliadas um nível exato para que se obtenha o melhor resultado em todas elas. No entanto, apresentou efeito das dietas formuladas com grande frequência, durante o período ava... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: To achieve a growing demand for commercial eggs, it is necessary to understand the factors of production in the production of the product. Thus, productive performance as a quality of eggs and as physiological conditions of the bird are very relevant to the objective. The L - pidolato calcium®, a precursor of two amino acids (proline and arginine) are present in the constitution of the inner membrane of the egg and bones, on the productive performance and on the quality of eggs as well as a bone quality of laying hens Hy-line W36 in the from 56 to 69 weeks of age. The work was conducted at the Laboratory of Poultry Sciences (LAVINESP), Department of Zootechnics of UNESP-FCAV, Campus of Jaboticabal in the period of November 2016, February 2017. Ten treatments were tested, composed of two diets and five levels of L-pidolate of calcium®, resulting in a 2 × 5 cross factorial scheme, with eight replicates of six birds each, totaling experimental units and a total of 480 birds. Four blocks were used, with two replicates per block, consisting of weight bands. Measurements were performed on the same experimental units for 13 weeks, totaling 91 days of testing. It was not possible to observe the measures evaluated, exist to obtain the best result in all of them. However, the formulated diets were presented with great frequency during the period evaluated. This can be observed in measures of feed intake, bark resistance, Haugh unit, albumen weight, bone mineral content, bone strength, tibiotarsus length, tibiotarsus weight and Seedor index. A 30% reduction in arginine in the diet affected the performance of poultry. This research supports the recommendation of 150 g of L-pidolate of calcium® per ton of feed for improved resistance and egg shell weight.
Mestre

L-shell x-ray production cross sections have been measured for thin targets of 29Cu, 32Ge, 37Rb, 38Sr, and 39Y. M-shell x-ray production cross sections have been measured for thin targets of 79Au, 82Pb, 83Bi, 90Th, and 92U. All targets were irradiated with a beam of H+ ions with energies in a range from 70 to 200 keV. Experimental cross sections are compared to other measurements at higher energies and to first Born (Plane Wave Born Approximation for direct ionization and Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers-Nikolaev approximation for electron capture) and the ECPSSR (Energy loss, Coulomb deflection, Perturbed Stationary State calculations with Relativistic effects) theoretical cross sections.

L’attenzione di questa tesi si pone sulla progettazione e lo sviluppo di un automa per il controllo di sistemi a pilotaggio remoto. Punto di partenza dell'intero progetto è stata l'analisi del quadrirotore programmato ed utilizzato dai ricercatori del progetto SHERPA. Le funzionalità evidenziate dall'analisi sono state poi elaborate secondo l'approccio con Attuatore Generalizzato ed implementate in Codesys. Questo software si compone di una parte di controllo, una di simulazione ed una o più interfacce grafiche dedicate all'interazione con l'utente. L'utilizzo di Codesys ha permesso di implementare un automa modulare e riusabile, base di partenza per i futuri progetti di automi aerei. L'automa realizzato consente infine di simulare il comportamento di un generico sistema a pilotaggio remoto e di osservarne la sequenza logica con cui le azioni vengono eseguite.

The coconut water consumption in Brazil is increasing and significant. The great demanding is mainly supplied by the extraction of in natura water. The trouble, however, is that the coconut water consumption s increase is causing an environmental problem, since the shells, byproduct of coconut water industrialization and use, are taken to landfills and other areas considered inadequate, contributing to the increase of urban solid residue problems, mostly because this is a material of difficult decomposition, taking around eight years to complete. Therefore, the use of coconut shell as raw material to obtain products has great importance in the struggle for the minimization of solid residue produced in the different industrial and commercial processes of coconut. In this perspective, it is proposed to analyze sustainable strategies for the coconut shells use, aiming at the environmental impacts reduction and the verification of kind and level of economic and social benefits in Sergipe and Northeast conditions. Thus, this research validates the hypothesis that the coconut residue use through an agroindustrial chain directed to the generation of new products contributes to the local development as well as establishes balance between the environmental preservation and the human social and economic needs. Methodologically, this research started from exploratory and descriptive study, supported by documental and bibliographical examination as well as a field research which really provided it with the coconut dynamics and the generation of organic residue originated from its exploration in the state of Sergipe context. The sample took into account producers, distributors and consumers in order to diversify the perspective around the studied phenomenon. Therefore, different resources of data collection were used: interviews with diary entries and questionnaires. The analysis was divided into axes which allowed outline the coconut production board and its destination as well as the perception of the suppliers in relation to the coconut shell problem and its relation with the environmental matter, besides analyzing the production environmental impacts not only towards the garbage amount in Aracaju, but also the potential of coconut shell reuse in the fiber and powder manufacturing. The analysis revealed that the use of coconut shell as raw material is a viable alternative both in the environmental, social and economic perspective. It also showed that it is possible to materialize actions that promote the environmental preservation added to the capacity of creating jobs and income, strengthening the associateship and mechanisms for the individual to exercise and get full advantage of citizenship, in a proposal able to provide him with balance between the environment and development.
O consumo de água de coco verde no Brasil é crescente e significativo. A grande demanda é suprida, principalmente pela extração da água in natura. O problema, no entanto, é que o aumento do consumo da água-de-coco esta gerando um problema ambiental, uma vez que as cascas, subproduto do uso e da industrialização da água de coco, são levadas para lixões e outras áreas consideradas inadequadas, contribuindo para ampliar os problemas de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Principalmente porque é um material de difícil decomposição, levando cerca de oito anos. Por isso, a utilização da casca de coco como matéria-prima para obtenção de produtos é de grande importância na luta pela minimização dos resíduos sólidos gerados nos diferentes processos industriais e comerciais do coco. Nesta perspectiva, propõe-se aqui analisar as estratégias sustentáveis para o aproveitamento de rejeitos de casca de coco, visando à redução de impactos ambientais e à verificação do tipo e do nível de benefícios econômicos, sociais nas condições de Sergipe e do Nordeste. Desta forma, o presente estudo valida a hipótese de que o aproveitamento do resíduo do coco através de uma cadeia agroindustrial, voltada para a geração de novos produtos contribui para o desenvolvimento local, estabelecendo um equilíbrio entre a preservação ambiental e as necessidades econômicas e sociais do seres humanos. Metodologicamente, partiu-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, sustentado num levantamento documental e bibliográfico, bem como numa pesquisa de campo que permitiu vislumbrar no real a dinâmica do coco e da geração de resíduos orgânicos oriundos de sua exploração no contexto sergipano. A amostra levou em consideração produtores, distribuidores e consumidores de modo a diversificar o olhar acerca do fenômeno estudado. Por isso, empregaram-se diferentes instrumentos de coletas de dados: a entrevista com registro em diário de campo e questionários. A análise fora dividida eixos que permitiram delinear o quadro de produção de coco e sua destinação, bem como as percepções dos fornecedores envolvidos quanto à problemática da casca do coco e sua relação com a questão ambiental. Além de analisar o impacto ambiental desta produção não só no que se refere ao volume de lixo em Aracaju, mas também no potencial de reaproveitamento desta casca na fabricação de fibra e pó. A análise revelou que o uso dos rejeitos da casca de coco como matéria-prima é uma alternativa viável tanto na perspectiva ambiental, quanto social e econômica e que é possível materializar ações que promovam a preservação do meio ambiente somada à capacidade de gerar emprego e renda, fortalecendo o associativismo e os mecanismos para que os indivíduos possam efetivar o exercício pleno da cidadania, numa proposta capaz de proporcionar um equilíbrio entre meio ambiente e desenvolvimento.

Protons with energies ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 MeV were used to measure K-shell vacancy production cross sections (oVK) for N_2, CH_4, C_2H_4, C_2H_6, and CO_2 gas targets under single collision conditions. An electron-ion time-of-flight coincidence technique was used to determind the ration of the K-K electron capture cross section, OECK, to the K-vacancy production cross section, oVK. These ratios were then combined with the measured values of oVK to extract the K-K electron capture cross sections. Measurements were also made for protons of the same energy range but with regard to L-shell vacancy production and L-K electron capture for Ar targets. In addition, K-K electron capture cross sections were measured for 1.0 to 2.0 Mev 42He^_ ions on CH_4.

Incident 0.5 to 2.5 MeV charged particle beams were used to ionize the inner-shells of selected targets and study their subsequent emission of characteristic x-rays. ⁹Be⁺ ions were used to examine K-shell x-ray production from thin F, Na, Al, Si, P, Cl, and K targets, L-shell x-ray production from thin Cu, An, Ge, Br, Zr and Ag targets, and M-shell x-ray production from thin Pr, Nd, Eu, Dy, Ho, Hf, W, Au, Pb and Bi targets. L-shell x-ray production cross sections were also measured for ²⁷Al⁺ ions incident upon Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Zr, and Pd targets. M-shell x-ray production cross sections were measure for ²⁷Al⁺ and ⁴⁰Ar⁺ ions incident upon Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, Lu, Hf, Au, Pb, Bi, and U targets. These measurements were performed using the 2.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator at North Texas State University. The x-rays were detected with a Si(Li) detector whose efficiency was determined by fitting a theoretical photon absorption curve to experimentally measure values. The x-ray yields were normalized to the simultaneously measured Rutherford backscattered (RBS) yields which resulted in an x-ray production cross section per incident ion. The RBS spectrum was obtained using a standard surface barrier detector calibrated for to account for the "pulse height defect." The experimental results are compared to the predictions of both the first Born and ECPSSR theories; each of which is composed of two parts, the direct ionization (DI) of the target electron to the continuum and the capture (EC) of the target electron to the projectile. The first Born describes DI by the Plane-Wave-Born-Approximation (PWBA) and EC by the Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers treatment of Nikolaev (OBKN). ECPSSR expands upon the first Born by using perturbed (PSS) and relativistic (R) target electron wave functions in addition to considering the energy loss (E) of the projectile in the target and its deviation from straight line trajectory (Coulomb deflection (C)). The measurements presented show that the first Born theories overestimate the measured results rather significantly for all experiments using the ⁹Be beams to examine the inner shell x-rays, while the ECPSSR predictions fir the measured data much better. For incident ²⁷Al and ⁴⁰Ar ions, the measured results are not predicted by the theories. The first Born generally over-predicts the data for low target atomic numbers while under-predicting at high atomic numbers. The ECPSSR theory greatly under-predicts the results (factors of 10³ to 10²⁰). Reasons for this behavior are discussed as well as suggestions for future experiments.

In this Bachelor Thesis I want to provide readers with tools and scripts for the control of a 7DOF manipulator, backed up by some theory of Robotics and Computer Science, in order to better contextualize the work done. In practice, we will see most common software, and developing environments, used to cope with our task: these include ROS, along with visual simulation by VREP and RVIZ, and an almost "stand-alone" ROS extension called MoveIt!, a very complete programming interface for trajectory planning and obstacle avoidance. As we will better appreciate and understand in the introduction chapter, the capability of detecting collision objects through a camera sensor, and re-plan to the desired end-effector pose, are not enough. In fact, this work is implemented in a more complex system, where recognition of particular objects is needed. Through a package of ROS and customized scripts, a detailed procedure will be provided on how to distinguish a particular object, retrieve its reference frame with respect to a known one, and then allow navigation to that target. Together with technical details, the aim is also to report working scripts and a specific appendix (A) you can refer to, if desiring to put things together.

L-shell x-ray production cross sections are presented for Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, and Ge by 0.5- to 5.0-MeV protons and by 0.5- to 8.0-MeV helium ions and Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Ge by 0.75- to 4.5-MeV lithium ions. These measurements are compared to the first Born theory and the perturbed-stationary- state theory with energy-loss, Coulomb deflection, and relativistic corrections (ECPSSR). The results are also compared to previous experimental investigations. The high precision x-ray measurements were performed with a windowless Si(Li) detector. The efficiency of the detector was determined by the use of thin target atomic-field bremsstrahlung produced by 66.5 keV electrons. The measured bremsstrahlung spectra were compared to theoretical bremsstrahlung distributions in order to obtain an efficiency versus energy curve. The targets for the measurement were manufactured by the vacuum evaporation of the target element onto thin foils of carbon. Impurities in the carbon caused interferences inthe L-shell x-ray peaks. Special cleansing procedures were developed that reduced the impurity concentrations in the carbon foil, making the use of less than 5 μg/cm^2 targets possible. The first Born theory is seen to greatly overpredict the data at low ion energies. The ECPSSR theory matches the data very well at the high energy region. At low energies, while fitting the data much more closely than the first Born theory, the ECPSSR theory does not accurately predict the trend of the data. This is probably due to the onset of molecular-orbital effects, a mechanism not accounted for in the ECPSSR theory.

Charge state dependence of L-shell x-ray production cross sections have been measured for 4-14 MeV ¹⁶O^q (q=3⁺-8⁺) ions incident on ultra-clean, ultra-thin copper, and for 12 MeV ¹⁶O^q (q=3⁺-8⁺) on nickel, zinc, gallium and germanium solid foils. L-shell x-ray production cross section were measured using target foils of thickness ≤0.6 μg/cm² evaporated onto 5 μg/cm² carbon backings. Oxygen ions at MeV energies and charge state q were produced using a 3MV 9SDH-2 National Electrostatics Corporation tandem Pelletron accelerator. Different charge states, with and without K-vacancies, were produced using a post acceleration nitrogen striping gas cell or ¹²C stripping foils. L-shell x-rays from ultra-thin ₂₈Ni, ₂₉Cu,₃₀Zn,₃₁Ga, and ₃₂Ge targets were measured using a Si(Li) x-ray detector with a FWHM resolution of 135 eV at 5.9 keV. The scattered projectiles were detected simultaneously by means of silicon surface barrier detectors at angle of 45° and 169° with respect to the beam direction. The electron capture (EC) as well as direct ionization (DI) contributions were determined from the projectile charge state dependence of the target x-ray production cross sections under single collision conditions. The present work was undertaken to expand the measurements of L-shell x-ray production cross sections upon selected elements with low L-shell binding energies by energetic ¹⁶O^q (q=3⁺,4⁺,5⁺,6⁺,7⁺,8⁺) incident ions. Collision systems chosen for this work have sufficiently large Z₁/Z₂ ratios (0.25-0.28) so that EC may noticeably contribute to the x-ray production enhancement. In this region, reliable experimental data are particularly scarce, thus, fundamental work in this area is still necessary. DI and EC cross section measurements were compared with the ECPSSR and the first Born theories over the range of 0.25