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Oliveira, Isabel Filier de. "As alteridades em Cetshwayo: um estudo sobre representações em disputa". Epígrafe 5, n.º 5 (22 de mayo de 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2318-8855.v5i5p89-109.
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Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar a formação de um discurso de alteridade sobre o monarca zulu Cetshwayo kaMpande, contido na obra Cetshwayo’s Dutchman, de 1880, escrita pelo comerciante holandês Cornelius Vijn e pelo bispo anglicano, John William Colenso. Pautado nos aportes teóricos de François Hartog e Tzvetan Todorov sobre a retórica da alteridade, assim como no trabalho de Roger Chartier sobre representações, a análise é realizada a partir de três temáticas principais, nomeadamente a questão fronteiriça, a relação entre Cetshwayo e seus súditos e a questão missionária. É objetivo do artigo explicitar a relação da obra com a Guerra Anglo-Zulu de 1879, verificando como o relato busca responder às críticas feitas ao monarca zulu, pelo oficial inglês Sir Bartle Frere. Também é foco do artigo comentar a fonte à luz da bibliografia sobre relatos de viagem, em especial a discussão sobre o caráter dos relatos de autoria feminina e masculina, e quanto ao trabalho de Mary Louise Pratt sobre o olhar imperial.
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Cope, R. L. "Written in Characters of Blood? The Reign of King Cetshwayo Ka Mpande 1872–9". Journal of African History 36, n.º 2 (julio de 1995): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700034137.
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Sir Bartle Frere, the British High Commissioner in South Africa 1877–80, depicted Cetshwayo ka Mpande, the Zulu king 1872–9, as a bloodthirsty monster. This article discusses the accuracy and justice of this depiction, and the nature of Zulu kingship. It shows that both Frere and the missionaries on whom he relied for evidence wished to bring the Zulu kingdom under British rule and thus had a strong motive for discrediting Cetshwayo. The fact that missionary testimony against Cetshwayo was particularly hostile and abundant at times when there seemed a real possibility of British annexation casts particular doubt on the value of this testimony. Missionaries misinterpreted and exaggerated much of the evidence, which, more dispassionately examined, appears to show that, while executions were common in the Zulu kingdom, Frere's account of the nature of Cetshwayo's reign was grossly overdrawn. The territorial chiefs of the country were responsible for many of the executions, and there is evidence that Cetshwayo attempted to ameliorate conditions. Nevertheless the tendency to attribute to him the methods of nineteenth-century British constitutionalism is unhistorical and culture-bound. Cetshwayo was a Zulu king in the tradition of his uncle Shaka, and ruled by fear and arbitrariness as well as by the law.
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Roveri, Fernanda Theodoro y Carmen Lúcia Soares. "Meninas! sejam educadas por Barbie e "com" a Barbie..." Educar em Revista, n.º 41 (septiembre de 2011): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-40602011000300010.
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Desde que nascem, as crianças vivenciam certas experiências sociais que são determinadas pelo fato de serem meninos ou meninas. Que concepções de gênero, corpo e infância são apresentadas por uma boneca que quer ser a melhor amiga da criança-menina? Este artigo analisa o sucesso da boneca Barbie, os modos de educar meninas e os mecanismos publicitários que configuram sua personalidade versátil e produzem certos modos de pensar, agir e relacionar-se com o mundo.
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Sadler, R. Mark. "Wilder Penfield, Sir Arthur Currie, and the Montreal Neurological Institute". Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 45, n.º 2 (11 de diciembre de 2017): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.265.
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AbstractWilder Penfield and the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) are inextricably linked. It was Penfield’s unique idea to create a building with an academic atmosphere wherein basic neuroscience and clinical care of neurological patients would benefit from interaction and mutual support. It is clear that without Penfield that there would be no MNI; however, the role of another Canadian icon, Sir Arthur Currie, in the development of the MNI has heretofore been barely mentioned. The thesis of this paper is that Currie had a critical role in the gestation of the MNI that has generally been ignored.
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Berardi, G., R. Roncasaglia, D. Scaravelli y G. Dradi. "IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF DIANTHUS BALBISII SER. SUBSP. LIBURNICUS (BARTL.) PIGN. BY SHOOT TIP CULTURE". Acta Horticulturae, n.º 725 (noviembre de 2006): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.725.58.
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Simili, Ivana Guilherme y Michely Calciolari de Souza. "A beleza das meninas nas "dicas da Barbie"". Cadernos de Pesquisa 45, n.º 155 (marzo de 2015): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/198053142878.
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A noção de beleza na infância e as práticas de embelezamento direcionadas às meninas foram analisadas a partir das dicas da Barbie, veiculadas no livro de Fabiane Ariello (2007). Nas orientações da boneca, encontramos materiais escritos e visuais que permitiram dimensionar as produções de significados para o que é ser bela e como tornar-se bela. Nelas, vislumbramos os trânsitos entre as condutas de cuidados estéticos e o consumo de bens e produtos da moda, em específico de serviços relacionados às aparências e de artefatos/objetos da indústria cosmética. Tais artefatos indicam um padrão de beleza que interfere na construção da identidade de gênero e na educação das meninas no período da infância.
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Carreón Blaine, Emilie. "Barbie en Palenque, o la manufactura de lo intangible". Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas 1, n.º 1 (19 de junio de 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iie.18703062e.2013.1.2488.
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Un tema importante en los estudios del arte prehispánico es la interconexión entre las diferentes dimensiones de la realidad mexicana, es decir, del México precolombino y del moderno, debido a que revela muchas nociones y conceptos acerca de su pasado prehis-pánico —particularmente en lo que respecta a los mexicas, también conocidos como aztecas en el mundo anglosajón—, y que hoy se tienen como ciertos en la academia americanista. Una vez que el mundo precolombino fue dominado antiguas imágenes codicadas, que poseían un sentido y signicado determinado, fueron traducidas al pensamiento y a la escritura europea para ser adaptadas e incrus-tadas en nociones europeas, hasta ocultanalmente destruir su signicado original. En diferentes grados, con diferentes consecuen-cias, fragmentos de un pasado precolombino han sido reensamblados en una mezcolanza, como se puede ejemplicar en el estudio de la muñeca Barbie como una “princesa azteca” tal y como fue concebida por uno de los principales fabricantes de juguetes estadounidense. Cada elemento y sus ramicaciones —contexto, embalaje, vestido, joyas, postura, entre otros temas— pueden ser diseccionados y analizada la reconguración de elementos en un nuevo contexto para exponer cómo unagura históricacticia se convirtió en una muñeca temática y la manera en la que una serie de antiguos prototipos mexicanos, recopilados de diversas culturas precolombinas (azteca, maya, mixteca), han sido desplazados y reestructurados con la aparición de Barbie como una interpretación incongruente de una princesa azteca que vive en Palenque en el mercado de juguetes contemporáneo, conformando así la imaginación y el conocimiento de niñas y coleccionistas de muñecas de todo el mundo.
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Crook, Ashley D., Andrew C. Willoughby, Ora Hazak, Satohiro Okuda, Kylie R. VanDerMolen, Cara L. Soyars, Pietro Cattaneo et al. "BAM1/2 receptor kinase signaling drives CLE peptide-mediated formative cell divisions inArabidopsisroots". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n.º 51 (7 de diciembre de 2020): 32750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018565117.
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Cell division is often regulated by extracellular signaling networks to ensure correct patterning during development. InArabidopsis, the SHORT-ROOT (SHR)/SCARECROW (SCR) transcription factor dimer activatesCYCLIND6;1(CYCD6;1) to drive formative divisions during root ground tissue development. Here, we show plasma-membrane-localized BARELY ANY MERISTEM1/2 (BAM1/2) family receptor kinases are required forSHR-dependent formative divisions andCYCD6;1expression, but notSHR-dependent ground tissue specification. Root-enriched CLE ligands bind the BAM1 extracellular domain and are necessary and sufficient to activateSHR-mediated divisions andCYCD6;1expression. Correspondingly, BAM-CLE signaling contributes to the restriction of formative divisions to the distal root region. Additionally, genetic analysis reveals that BAM-CLE and SHR converge to regulate additional cell divisions outside of the ground tissues. Our work identifies an extracellular signaling pathway regulating formative root divisions and provides a framework to explore this pathway in patterning and evolution.
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Policar, T., P. Podhorec, V. Stejskal, P. Kozák, V. Švinger y S. M. Hadi Alavi. "Growth and survival rates, puberty and fecundity in captive common barbel (Barbus barbus L.) under controlled conditions". Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, No. 10 (17 de octubre de 2011): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3236-cjas.
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Growth and survival rates (specific growth rate – SGR; survival rate – S) of Barbus barbus L. were recorded in captivity during three years from the larval period (final body weight – W = 0.2 ± 0.03 g; SGR = 13.6 ± 1.1%/day and cumulative survival – S = 76.0 ± 2.5%) to the first reproductive season (W = 62.55 ± 13.5 g; SGR = 0.89 ± 0.05%/day; S = 59.3 ± 1.5%). Final body size and SGR were compared between both sexes. Females reached the significantly higher growth rate (SGR = 0.84 ± 0.01%/day) compared to males (SGR = 0.77 ± 0.01%/day). Early puberty was observed in 17 and 32 months old males and females, respectively. Multi-stripping activity was found out in both sexes during the first reproductive season. In total, 20%, 25.8%, 30.3%, 14.6% and 9% of females were stripped once, twice and three, four and five times, respectively. But all males produced sperm during the entire reproductive season. The highest and the lowest egg production was recorded in the middle (April) and at the beginning (March) of the reproductive season (2155 ± 925 vs. 1279 ± 298 eggs per stripping). The highest and the lowest sperm production was observed at the beginning (March) and at the end (May) of the reproductive season (7.9 ± 0.08 × 10<sup>9</sup> vs. 1.9 ± 0.06 × 10<sup>9</sup> per stripping).
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Semmens, Richard. "A TRIBUTE TO M. ELIZABETH C. BARTLET (1948-2005). Jean-Philippe Rameau, Platée: ballet bouffon en un prologue et trois actes, ed. M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet, Opera omnia, ser. IV, vol. 10. Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2005. XCVIII, 435pp. ISMN: M-006-52787-8 (hardcover)". Intersections: Canadian Journal of Music 26, n.º 1 (2005): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013249ar.
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Vergani, Matteo. "YouTube e civic commercial engagement. Il caso Obama Girl e Barely Political". SOCIOLOGIA DELLA COMUNICAZIONE, n.º 40 (junio de 2010): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sc2009-040011.
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Nuove interessanti pratiche di comunicazione politica hanno attraversato la campagna elettorale di Obama, soprattutto nell'ambiente del cosiddetto Web 2.0. In questo articolo si analizza il fenomeno dei video pubblicati su YouTube da Barely Political, il cui personaggio piů famoso č Obama Girl, che ha ottenuto uno strepitoso successo sia sul Web che sugli altri media tradizionali. L'articolo analizza la comunicazione di Barely Political, valutandone l'efficacia e svelando l'esistenza di una strategia comunicativa professionale che si cela dietro a ciň che era stato ingenuamente definito l'emblema di una comunicazione amatoriale e naďve, tipica del Web 2.0. In questo articolo vengono presentati i risultati di una ricerca sui primi due anni della comunicazione di Barely Political: dal giugno del 2007 al maggio del 2009. Sono stati presi in considerazione tutti i 264 video prodotti da Barely Political in questo lasso di tempo, analizzando non solo i contenuti ma anche i paratesti (le visualizzazioni, i commenti, le votazioni che gli utenti hanno espresso sui video) e i metadata (come le tag). I risultati della ricerca portano a definire il progetto Barely Political come un esempio di civic commercial engagement, che mette insieme due obiettivi strategici, l'impegno civile e il coinvolgimento commerciale.
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Bacarin, Telma Iara y Constantina Xavier Filha. "SUBJETIVAÇÕES FEMININAS: ENTRE CONCORDÂNCIAS E POSSIBILIDADES DE RESISTÊNCIA NOS FILMES DE ANIMAÇÃO DA BARBIE". Diversidade e Educação 9, n.º 1 (30 de julio de 2021): 350–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/de.v9i1.13002.
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A pesquisa teve como fontes filmes de animação da Barbie produzidos de 2001 até 2012. O objetivo foi identificar as possibilidades de vivências de feminilidades, bem como as de resistências a modelos únicos. As questões que nortearam o estudo foram: quais as feminilidades que são veiculadas/produzidas nos filmes de animação da Barbie? De que forma essas feminilidades são legitimadas enquanto modelos para a vivência das feminilidades? Existe um modelo único nos filmes ou há a possibilidade de variadas formas de vivências de feminilidade e de ser menina/mulher? A pesquisa foi fundamentada teoricamente nos Estudos Culturais, nos Estudos de Gênero e em pressupostos foucaultianos, utilizando os conceitos de gênero, feminilidades, pedagogias culturais, identidade e diferença, identidade de gênero, subjetivação, poder e resistência. As discussões produzidas na investigação destacam a predominância de normatizações de gênero nos filmes e de algumas mudanças que percebemos como resistências de gênero.
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Iwata, Yuhei, Tomoharu Oka y Makoto Miyoshi. "Possible Detection of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations from Sgr A* at 43 GHz". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S322 (julio de 2016): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316012382.
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AbstractQuasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are believed to be indirect evidence for black holes. Several authors have reported detections of QPOs from Sgr A*, the nucleus of our Galaxy, in infrared and X-ray wavelength during flare-ups. Miyoshi et al. (2011) reported a tentative detection of QPOs in the 43 GHz light curve of Sgr A* obtained with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). To confirm their detection, we reanalysed their VLBA data very conservatively. The 43 GHz flux was calculated for every 15 seconds by assuming a two-dimensional Gaussian-shape spatial structure. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram of the 43 GHz flux just after a millimeter wave flare of Sgr A*, shows three apparent peaks at 10.2, 14.6 and 32.1 min. Two of them are barely consistent with the previously reported QPOs. Using the resonant oscillation model, we estimated the spin parameter of the Sgr A* black hole to be 0.56 assuming the mass of 4.3 × 106M⊙.
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Jardat, Rémi. "Beyond the business/society dichotomy". Society and Business Review 9, n.º 2 (8 de julio de 2014): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-03-2014-0010.
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Purpose – This paper aims to look at three management research papers, which are placed in dialogue with Gilbert Simondon’s philosophy. Design/methodology/approach – Notable research articles are subjected to a thorough de-construction and re-construction process, as they are examined through the lens of Gilbert Simondon’s ontological and epistemological perspectives. Findings – Some solutions to epistemological antinomies underpinning management science are proposed, by relying on Simondonian paradigms. Research limitations/implications – This paper involved no direct field study. The transcendental status of Simondon’s propositions is briefly called into question but is not addressed per se. Social implications – Showing the fuzziness, not to say irrelevance, of efforts to make a strict demarcation between business and society, as illustrated by qualitative meta-analyses of management science cases. Originality/value – Simondon’s importance is barely beginning to be acknowledged in the field of Social and Management Science. This paper takes a step toward rectifying this oversight by providing scholars with an introduction to his main concepts and illustrates how they might be transposed into management science by subjecting management scholarly papers to his “experiments of thought” approach.
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Słapek, Dariusz. "Solidaryzm vs marksizm czyli o „Poglądach prawnych niewolników i proletariuszy rzymskich” Borysa Łapickiego raz jeszcze". Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.1.265-288.
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<p>In the history of Polish Romanist studies in the period of the Polish People’s Republic, Borys Łapicki attracts considerable attention due to his controversial monograph <em>Legal Views of Slaves and Roman Proletarians</em> from 1955. It seems that the work is not quite rightly treated as a breach in the career of the Romanist from Lodz. Reasons for this uniqueness are usually sought in a complicated biography of the author which is treated as a kind of a “sign of the times”. Meanwhile, reviews of the work published right after it had been issued unequivocally showed that the dogmatic Marxism was in a way assessed as an adaptation by Łapicki, trying to reconcile it with the ideas of solidarism he had long accepted and belief in ethical values of the Roman law. Loyalty to these ideas made this amalgam of barely reconcilable concepts (class struggle in the light of harmony based on freedom and brotherhood) impossible to be accepted. It seems that this eclectic formula was never imposed by anyone on Łapicki – it was not a manifestation of the author’s conformism or opportunism. Despite very severe criticism, he did not abandon it even in the times when historical materialism left the dogmatic phase of its development. This article is a case study – a contribution to the studies on a broader problem of identity and attitude of Polish Romanists in the period of Stalinism.</p>
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Rickards, Guy. "Shadows and Acclamations: The Cello Music Of Arne Nordheim". Tempo, n.º 181 (junio de 1992): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200015126.
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Arne Nordheim was sixty years old last year. Although he is one of Europe's foremost composers, the event went largely unnoticed outside of Norway, his home country, in the bicentenary of Mozart's death and (to a considerably lesser extent) the centenary of Prokofiev's birth. To be sure, Nordheim was a featured composer in various festivals – Zürich (ISCM) and Huddersfield not least – but in London, allegedly the music capital of Europe, barely a note was sounded. The Proms passed him by (though here Nordheim was in very good company; the 70th birthdays of Robert Simpson and Malcolm Arnold, as well as Einar Englund's 75th, were similarly unmarked). Even Radio 3 failed to allocate him a This Week's Composers slot (unlike Arnold and Sir Arthur Bliss).
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Castillo Díaz, Pablo. "MILITARY WOMEN IN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS AND THE POLITICS OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325". WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY ON THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325/ ŽENSKE, MIR IN VARNOST OB 15. OBLETNICI SPREJETJA RESOLUCIJE VARNOSTNEGA SVETA ORGANIZACIJE ZDRUŽENIH NARODOV 1325, VOLUME 2016/ ISSUE 18/3 (30 de septiembre de 2016): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.18.3.3.
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Since 2000, the United Nations Security Council has adopted eight resolutions on the protection and empowerment of women in conflict situations. Increasing the representation of women in peacekeeping, and particularly among uniformed personnel, is one of the most repeated goals of these resolutions. However, only three percent of military personnel in peacekeeping operations are women and this percentage has barely budged in recent years. This lack of progress in UN missions has coincided with a period of historically significant advances in the integration of women in national armed forces, a time in which the mandates and design of peacekeeping operations more directly and explicitly called for the participation of women, and a growing perception among gender equality advocates that the presence of female troops in peace operations was being given too much emphasis, rather than too little. This article outlines the parameters of this debate in the United Nations over the last few years, and attempts to explain these apparent contradictions. Po letu 2000 je Varnostni svet Organizacije združenih narodov sprejel osem resolucij o zaščiti in opolnomočenju žensk v konfliktnih situacijah. Med glavnimi cilji teh resolucij je povečati zastopanost žensk v mirovnih operacijah, še zlasti med uniformiranim osebjem. Med vojaškimi pripadniki v mirovnih operacijah je le tri odstotke žensk, ta odstotek se je v zadnjih letih komaj kaj spremenil. Slab napredek v misijah OZN je sovpadal z obdobjem zgodovinskega napredka pri vključevanju žensk v nacionalne oborožene sile. V tem obdobju sta se zaradi mandatov in oblike mirovnih operacij pojavila bolj ali manj neposredna in odkrita potreba po sodelovanju žensk ter vse večje spoznanje zagovornikov enakosti spolov, da se sodelovanju pripadnic na mirovnih misijah posveča prej preveč kot premalo pozornosti. V članku so predstavljeni argumenti razprave, ki v Združenih narodih na to temo poteka zadnjih nekaj let, ter poskusi razlage teh navideznih protislovij.
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Teixeira, Laura Pereira. "Bem Barbiezinha.... Fascista: ironia em post". Estudos Linguísticos (São Paulo. 1978) 49, n.º 2 (26 de junio de 2020): 1124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21165/el.v49i2.2722.
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O presente trabalho propõe analisar a constituição irônica de uma imagem de mulher construída em enunciados veiculados pelas páginas intituladas “Barbie Fascista” e “Barbie e Ken Cidadãos de Bem”, do Facebook. A fundamentação teórica se baseia nos estudos bakhtinianos, sobretudo nas concepções de diálogo, linguagem, sujeito, signo e ideologia. O método dialógico de análise se pauta no cotejo com outros enunciados, de diversas esferas. O objetivo é refletir e compreender a construção enunciativa da ironia por inversão, utilizada como forma de questionamento e ridicularização de um tipo social de mulher considerada abastada e com um posicionamento político de direita, com tendências conservadoras. Os resultados se voltam à reflexão acerca das imagens de mulher construídas nessas páginas, além do papel e noção de mulher neste momento histórico. A contribuição desta proposta se volta a um estudo sobre quem é e o que é ser mulher no Brasil da era Bolsonaro.
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Meyer, Thorsten. "Die Bedeutung der Arbeit". Die Rehabilitation 58, n.º 03 (junio de 2019): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0885-3081.
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Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,einen essentiellen Aspekt der Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen Leben als Ziel von Rehabilitation stellt das Erwerbsleben dar. Die Erwerbsarbeit nimmt „…eine zentrale Stellung im Leben eines Menschen ein. Sie dient der materiellen Existenzsicherung, kann sinn- und identitätsstiftend sein, bestimmt zu einem entscheidenden Anteil die ‚soziale Platzierung‘ […] einer Person in der Gesellschaft und stellt aus sozialpolitischer Sicht ein Medium sozialer Integration dar“. – so formuliert es einleitend Susanne Bartel in ihrem Beitrag. Zu dieser Platzierung gehört auch die Strukturierung des Lebenslaufs der meisten erwachsenen Menschen durch die Arbeit. Sie stellt einen fundamentalen gesellschaftlichen Orientierungsrahmen dar. So gibt es eine Zeit, in der von uns erwartet wird, zu arbeiten, und eine Zeit, in der das nicht (mehr) erwartet wird. Diese Grenze verändert sich gerade – vgl. die aktuelle Erhöhung des Renteneintrittsalters auf 67 Jahre – und sie wird unschärfer – vgl. Flexi-Rentengesetz. In der Logik der Leistungsgesellschaft hat die Rehabilitation von Menschen im erwerbsfähigen Alter die Aufgabe, die Erwerbsfähigkeit der Menschen zu erhalten bzw. wiederherzustellen, um sie – nicht zuletzt zur Stabilisierung unserer Sozialversicherungssysteme – möglichst lange im Erwerbsleben zu halten. Rehabilitation setzt dabei auf individueller Ebene an, wohlwissend, dass viele Gründe für eine Gefährdung der Erwerbstätigkeit auf struktureller, gesellschaftlicher Ebene zu finden sind. Der zunehmende Druck auf unsere Sozialversicherungssysteme findet also in dem Druck auf Erwerbstätige, länger im Arbeitsleben zu verbleiben, ihren Aus-druck – und damit auch in den gesellschaftlichen Ansprüchen an die Rehabilitation.
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Hacker, Winfried y Annekatrin Wetzstein. "Verbalisierende Reflexion und Lösungsgüte beim Entwurfsdenken". Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology 212, n.º 3 (julio de 2004): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0044-3409.212.3.152.
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Zusammenfassung. In drei Experimentalstudien (N1 = 71, N2 = 73, N3 = 60) wurde der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Arten fragengestützter verbalisierender Reflexion auf eine Verbesserung der Lösungsgüte im Entwurfsproblemlösen untersucht. Kontrollgruppen hatten bei gleichem Zeitbudget ihre Lösungen zu überdenken, oder sie pausierten mit anschließender Möglichkeit zur Weiterarbeit. Signifikante und effektstarke Verbesserungen der Lösungsgüte traten nur beim verbalisierenden Beschreiben und Begründen der erzielten Lösungen mit einem “naiven” Partner und im geringerem Ausmaße auch ohne diesen auf. Die Aufforderungen zum Überdenken und zum Pausieren ergaben nachfolgend keine signifikanten Verbesserungen. Nach verbalisierender Reflexion werden häufiger als ohne diese Modifikationen am Entwurf vorgenommen, die vor allem neue Aspekte zur Lösung beisteuern. Zur Erklärung werden Beziehungen zu in der Literatur berichteten Veränderungen im Vorgehen (“analytisch“ ( Merz, 1969 ); “dialogisch“ ( Bartl & Dörner, 1998 ; Bertau, 1999 ) diskutiert.
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Wei, Hong Mei, Lin Geng y Xue Xi Zhang. "Influences of Strontium Addition and Whisker Content on Solidification Behavior of SiCw/Al-18Si Metal Matrix Composites". Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (febrero de 2006): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.251.
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Solidification behavior of SiCw/Al-18Si metal matrix composites (MMCs) was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in order to reveal the effects of strontium addition and whisker content. The results show that the Si phase does not nucleate on SiC whisker surface. With the increasing of SiC whisker content, solidification onset and peak temperatures of primary Si decrease. Sr addition lowers solidification onset and peak temperatures of primary Si, and reduces its size. Whisker content has larger effects on solidification onset and peak temperatures of primary Si without Sr addition than that of primary Si with Sr addition.But solidification onset and peak temperatures of eutectic are barely affected by whisker content and Sr addition.
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Linhares, Vinicius Lourenço. "BRASIL: DUAS VOZES, DUAS MEDIDAS". Via Atlântica, n.º 35 (10 de julio de 2019): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/va.v0i35.155051.
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Intenta-se, na leitura de Quarenta dias, de Maria Valéria Rezende, investigar como o processo enunciativo do romance (BAKHTIN, 2009; 2010; 2011; BENVENISTE, 1989; 1985; CANDIDO, 2014), ao ser estruturado em termos de contraposições, torna-se o princípio formal responsável pelo deslocamento/apontamento de tensionamentos que dinamizam relações de poder (CHAUÍ, 2001; SOUZA, 2017, 2018) encenadas no/pelo romance (PAULINO; WALTY, 2005). Estilizando o romance, tal princípio formal manifesta-se no duelo entre a voz da boneca Barbie e a voz da narradora Alice de modo que essa estilização estrutura tanto a microenunciação, quanto a macroenunciação do romance.
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Ongali, Brice, Hudson de Sousa Buck, Frank Cloutier, Francine Legault, Domenico Regoli, Chantal Lambert, Gaétan Thibault y Réjean Couture. "Chronic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on kinin receptor binding sites in the rat spinal cord". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 284, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2003): H1949—H1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01113.2002.
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With the use of in vitro receptor autoradiography, this study aims at determining whether the higher level of kinin B2 receptor density in the spinal cord of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is secondary to arterial hypertension and whether chronic treatment with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) can regulate neuronal B1 and B2 receptors. SHR received, from the age of 4 wk, one of the two ACEI (lisinopril or zofenopril, 10 mg · kg−1 · day−1) or for comparison, the selective AT1 antagonist (losartan, 20 mg · kg−1 · day−1) in their drinking water for a period of 4, 12, and 20 wk. Age-matched untreated SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as controls. B2 receptor binding sites in most laminae were higher in SHR than in WKY from the age of 8 to 24 wk. Whereas B1receptor binding sites were significantly present in young SHR and WKY, they were barely detectable in adult rats. ACEI (16 and 24 wk) and AT1 antagonist (24 wk) enhanced the number of B2 without changing B1 receptor binding sites. However, at 8 wk the three treatments significantly increased B1 and decreased B2 receptors in lamina I. It is concluded that 1) the higher density of B2receptors in the spinal cord of SHR is not due to hypertension, 2) kinin receptors are regulated differently by ACEI in neuronal and vascular tissues, and 3) aging may have a profound impact on levels of B1 and B2receptors in the rat spinal cord.
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Souza, Michely, Samilo Takara y Teresa Teruya. "Pedagogias culturais das feminilidades: os endereçamentos masculinos do personagem Ken". Educação (UFSM) 42, n.º 3 (28 de diciembre de 2017): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644422673.
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As masculinidades, bem como outras identidades de gênero, estão atreladas a sentidos que são consumíveis, transgressores e perpassam as relações dos sujeitos com os artefatos culturais e as possibilidades de ser, pensar e agir que derivam dessa relação. A partir disso, sugerimos uma interpretação dos endereçamentos de gênero oferecidos pelo personagem Ken nas narrativas da boneca Barbie. Para tal feito, nosso procedimental metodológico embasa-se nos estudos acerca dos modos de endereçamento que os sujeitos produtores oferecem para os/as receptores/as das peças, dos produtos e dos serviços da mídia. As masculinidades sugeridas por esta personagem não condizem com a ideia de masculinidade como virilidade, agressividade, rispidez ou força, mas denotam elementos como beleza, atenção e carisma, que fazem parte das representações hegemônicas de masculinidade.
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Caraciola, Carolina Boari. "Fulla". Signos do Consumo 11, n.º 2 (31 de julio de 2019): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1984-5057.v11i2p52-65.
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Este artigo analisará a influência da religião islâmica na formação da personalidade infantil. Enquanto a boneca Barbie representa tudo o que uma menina ocidental supostamente quer ser, em relação a comportamento e padrões de beleza, a boneca Fulla caracteriza a jovem muçulmana, com traços árabes, roupas que cobrem a totalidade do corpo, um véu que esconde seus cabelos, tapete para rezar, além de um livro de orações. Por meio da análise semiótica da boneca Fulla e de suas principais manifestações, fica evidente que a constituição da marca, suas expressividades e posicionamentos refletem o ethos islâmico. Mais do que uma boneca ou uma marca, Fulla representa o contexto cultural no qual a menina, público consumidor do produto, está inserida, reforçando os códigos religiosos e de conduta.
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Sabry, Mohamed Ismail. "Could formalized State Business Relations lead to economic growth? Business participation, government representation and institutions". International Journal of Social Economics 45, n.º 7 (9 de julio de 2018): 1010–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-08-2017-0347.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether formal State Business Relations (F-SBR) lead to economic growth and which institutional variables are responsible for their success in achieving this. Design/methodology/approach Following a theoretical analysis, several hypotheses are presented, and a number of different regression models are being used to test the hypotheses. Findings The paper finds that F-SBR with high government representation and business participation are likely to increase investment flows as well as help overcome some burdensome institutional settings. This could be done thanks to building trust, enhancing information exchange and better policy formulation. Despite of its suggested trust-building capacity, F-SBR seem to fail to function in cultures where trust in governments is low, since trust is a key issue for cooperation as that expected in F-SBR. On the other hand, collective but also non-hierarchical cultures that foster cooperation seem to help in the success of F-SBR. Accountability to the public and openness to various societal groups as well as good regulatory quality would help F-SBR in leading to better economic outcomes. Practical implications This paper, thus, suggests supporting the establishment of F-SBR with high official representation and business participation because of their positive economic value. It also suggests that voice and accountability and regulatory quality are important institutions for the realization of better economic outcomes from F-SBR. Originality/value The theoretical and empirical approaches used in this paper are what make it a novel endeavor in this field. Much of the suggested hypotheses were hardly discussed thoroughly elsewhere in the literature on F-SBR. Moreover, the proxy used for F-SBR, constructed by the interaction term of government official representation and the level of business representation, made it possible to conduct empirical testing on a global level, something barely done in works on F-SBR experiences worldwide. The obtained results supported some of the arguments uttered in the literature while raising questions on others, opening the field for future research on the matter.
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Rai, Priyanka, Mukesh Kumar, Geetika Sharma, Pradeep Barak, Saumitra Das, Siddhesh S. Kamat y Roop Mallik. "Kinesin-dependent mechanism for controlling triglyceride secretion from the liver". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n.º 49 (20 de noviembre de 2017): 12958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713292114.
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Despite massive fluctuations in its internal triglyceride content, the liver secretes triglyceride under tight homeostatic control. This buffering function is most visible after fasting, when liver triglyceride increases manyfold but circulating serum triglyceride barely fluctuates. How the liver controls triglyceride secretion is unknown, but is fundamentally important for lipid and energy homeostasis in animals. Here we find an unexpected cellular and molecular mechanism behind such control. We show that kinesin motors are recruited to triglyceride-rich lipid droplets (LDs) in the liver by the GTPase ARF1, which is a key activator of lipolysis. This recruitment is activated by an insulin-dependent pathway and therefore responds to fed/fasted states of the animal. In fed state, ARF1 and kinesin appear on LDs, consequently transporting LDs to the periphery of hepatocytes where the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) is present. Because the lipases that catabolize LDs in hepatocytes reside on the sER, LDs can now be catabolized efficiently to provide triglyceride for lipoprotein assembly and secretion from the sER. Upon fasting, insulin is lowered to remove ARF1 and kinesin from LDs, thus down-regulating LD transport and sER–LD contacts. This tempers triglyceride availabiity for very low density lipoprotein assembly and allows homeostatic control of serum triglyceride in a fasted state. We further show that kinesin knockdown inhibits hepatitis-C virus replication in hepatocytes, likely because translated viral proteins are unable to transfer from the ER to LDs.
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Xavier Filha, Constantina. "Gênero e resistências em filmes de animação". Pro-Posições 27, n.º 1 (abril de 2016): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-7307201607902.
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Resumo O presente texto tem por objetivo discutir e problematizar as concepções de gênero da princesa Barbie em um filme de animação e nas falas de crianças, bem como refletir sobre novas possibilidades de feminilidades a partir de uma protagonista de filmes de animação, produzida em experiências de produção de filme com crianças. Os questionamentos a serem debatidos são fruto de pesquisa, com apoio do CNPq, além de projetos de extensão sobre produção de filmes de animação com crianças. A reflexão empreendida entende os filmes como artefatos culturais, e as crianças como sujeitos de direito e com condições argumentativas para discutir e mudar as concepções culturalmente construídas. As figuras das princesas ainda aparecem representadas em determinado padrão de normalização. No processo da pesquisa, entretanto, essas concepções são questionadas e novas produções são realizadas, nas quais novas formas de ser feminino divergem da norma, como formas de resistência aos modelos idealizados.
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Pereira-Derderian, Daniela T. B., Regina C. Vendramini, José V. Menani, Silvana Chiavegatto y Laurival A. De Luca. "Water deprivation-partial rehydration induces sensitization of sodium appetite and alteration of hypothalamic transcripts". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 310, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2016): R15—R23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00501.2014.
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iSodium intake occurs either as a spontaneous or induced behavior, which is enhanced, i.e., sensitized, by repeated episodes of water deprivation followed by subsequent partial rehydration (WD-PR). In the present work, we examined whether repeated WD-PR alters hypothalamic transcripts related to the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and apelin system in male normotensive Holtzman rats (HTZ). We also examined whether the sodium intake of a strain with genetically inherited high expression of the brain RAS, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), responds differently than HTZ to repeated WD-PR. We found that repeated WD-PR, besides enhancing spontaneous and induced 0.3 M NaCl intake, increased the hypothalamic expression of angiotensinogen, aminopeptidase N, and apelin receptor transcripts (43%, 60%, and 159%, respectively) in HTZ at the end of the third WD-PR. Repeated WD-PR did not change the daily spontaneous 0.3 M NaCl intake and barely changed the need-induced 0.3 M NaCl intake of SHR. The same treatment consistently enhanced spontaneous daily 0.3 M NaCl intake in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. The results show that repeated WD-PR produces alterations in hypothalamic transcripts and also sensitizes sodium appetite in HTZ. They suggest an association between the components of hypothalamic RAS and the apelin system, with neural and behavioral plasticity produced by repeated episodes of WD-PR in a normotensive strain. The results also indicate that the inherited hyperactive brain RAS is not a guarantee for sensitization of sodium intake in the male adult SHR exposed to repeated WD-PR.
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Lopez-Gordo, M. A., D. Sánchez-Morillo y Marcel A. J. Van Gerven. "Spreading Codes Enables the Blind Estimation of the Hemodynamic Response with Short-Events Sequences". International Journal of Neural Systems 25, n.º 01 (6 de enero de 2015): 1450035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012906571450035x.
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Finite impulse response (FIR) filters are considered the least constrained option for the blind estimation of the hemodynamic response function (HRF). However, they have a tendency to yield unstable solutions in the case of short-events sequences. There are solutions based on regularization, e.g. smooth FIR (sFIR), but at the cost of a regularization penalty and prior knowledge, thus breaking the blind principle. In this study, we show that spreading codes (scFIR) outperforms FIR and sFIR in short-events sequences, thus enabling the blind and dynamic estimation of the HRF without numerical instabilities and the regularization penalty. The scFIR approach was applied in short-events sequences of simulated and experimental functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In general terms, scFIR performed the best with both simulated and experimental data. While FIR was unable to compute the blind estimation of two simulated target HRFs for the shortest sequences (15 and 31 events) and sFIR yielded shapes barely correlated with the targets, scFIR achieved a normalized correlation coefficient above 0.9. Furthermore, scFIR was able to estimate in a responsive way dynamic changes of the amplitude of a simulated target HRF more accurately than FIR and sFIR. With experimental fMRI data, the ability of scFIR to estimate the real HRF obtained from a training data set was superior in terms of correlation and mean-square error. The use of short-events sequences for the blind estimation of the HRF could benefit patients in terms of scanning time or intensity of magnetic field in clinical tests. Furthermore, short-events sequences could be used, for instance, on the online detection of rapid shifts of visual attention that, according to literature, entails rapid changes in the amplitude of the HRF.
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Hipkin, Stephen. "‘Sitting on his Penny Rent’: Conflict and Right of Common in Faversham Blean, 1595–1610". Rural History 11, n.º 1 (abril de 2000): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001886.
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In October 1606, London merchant Bevil Lewes proffered a bill of complaint in Star Chamber alleging assault, repeated riot and destruction of property in ‘a great wood and certain lands’ near Faversham in Kent purchased in December 1602 from the local magistrate Sir William Lovelace. His story of tribulations at the hands of ‘inhabitants there, being men of their own disposition contentious and not willing to live answerable to your majesty's most sound and wholesome laws’, recounted one episode in a struggle which began in 1595 and involved at least half a dozen attempts at unilateral enclosure before finally subsiding after May 1609, following Lewes's dispossession and descent into a mire of debt litigation. None of the enclosures survived longer than a few months, one lasted barely a week, and another, by dint of pre-emptive riot, was never completed at all. Defendants confirmed that fences, hedges and ditches were destroyed on four occasions, usually under cover of darkness, and that in 1606 a farmhouse under construction was demolished and crops on the ground were flattened. Bevil Lewes alleged two further rounds of hedge-breaking and property destruction that year, and an earlier riot involving the burning of a timber house-frame. Between 1596 and 1610 allegations of assault, riot, trespass, property destruction and perjury generated litigation in Common Pleas, King's Bench and Chancery, five bills of complaint in Star Chamber, and indictments and convictions at the county sessions and assizes.
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Wang, G., J. Jin, X. Chen, J. Liu, X. Liu y S. J. Herbert. "Biomass and catabolic diversity of microbial communities with long-term restoration, bare fallow and cropping history in Chinese Mollisols". Plant, Soil and Environment 53, No. 4 (7 de enero de 2008): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2313-pse.
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Microbial biomass and community catabolic diversities at three depths (0−10 cm, 20−30 cm, and 40−50 cm) in Chinese Mollisols as influenced by long-term managements of natural restoration, cropping and bare fallow were investigated. Microbial biomass was estimated from chloroform fumigation-extraction and substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and catabolic diversity was determined by using Biolog® EcoPlate. Experimental results showed that microbial biomass significantly declined with soil depth in the treatments of restoration and cropping, and not in the treatment of bare fallow, where the microbial biomass had a positive relationship with the total soil C content. The inspections into the catabolic capability of the microbial community at the same soil depth showed that the treatment of natural restoration had a relatively stronger metabolic ability than the cropping and bare fallow treatments. Shannon”s diversity index, substrate richness and substrate evenness calculated from the Biolog data were higher in the treatments of natural restoration and cropping than the bare fallow treatment with the same soil depth, and with the highest values in the top soil. Principal component analysis indicated that the catabolic profiles not only varied with the soil depth in each treatment, but also differed in the three treatments within the same soil depth. The catabolic profiles of the three treatments were similar to each other in the soil depth of 0−10 cm and distinctly different in the soil depths of 20−30 cm and 40−50 cm. These results suggest that it was microbial biomass rather than community function that was influenced by the different soil management in the topsoil (0−10 cm); in the relative depths, the soil microbial community function was more easily influenced than microbial biomass.
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Beriaux, Emilie, Alban Jago, Cozmin Lucau-Danila, Viviane Planchon y Pierre Defourny. "Sentinel-1 Time Series for Crop Identification in the Framework of the Future CAP Monitoring". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 14 (15 de julio de 2021): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142785.
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In this upcoming Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform, the use of satellite imagery is taking an increasing role for improving the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS). Considering the operational aspect of the CAP monitoring process, the use of Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images is highly relevant, especially in regions with a frequent cloud cover, such as Belgium. Indeed, SAR imagery does not depend on sunlight and is barely affected by the presence of clouds. Moreover, the SAR signal is particularly sensitive to the geometry and the water content of the target. Crop identification is often a pre-requisite to monitor agriculture at parcel level (ploughing, harvest, grassland mowing, intercropping, etc.) The main goal of this study is to assess the performances and constraints of a SAR-based crop classification in an operational large-scale application. The Random Forest object-oriented classification model is built on Sentinel-1 time series from January to August 2020 only. It can identify crops in the Walloon Region (south part of Belgium) with high performance: 93.4% of well-classified area, representing 88.4% of the parcels. Among the 48 crop groups, the six most represented ones get a F1-score higher or equal to 84%. Additionally, this research documents how the classification performance is affected by different parameters: the SAR orbit, the size of the training dataset, the use of different internal buffers on parcel polygons before signal extraction, the set of explanatory variables, and the period of the time series. In an operational context, this allows to choose the right balance between classification accuracy and model complexity. A key result is that using a training dataset containing only 3.2% of the total number of parcels allows to correctly classify 91.7% of the agricultural area. The impact of rain and snow is also discussed. Finally, this research analyses how the classification accuracy depends on some characteristics of the parcels like their shape or size. This allows to assess the relevance of the classification depending on those characteristics, as well as to identify a subset of parcels for which the global accuracy is higher.
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Bulstrode, Jenny. "Riotous assemblage and the materials of regulation". History of Science 56, n.º 3 (18 de junio de 2018): 278–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275318776187.
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In the stores of the British Museum are three exquisite springs, made in the late 1820s and 1830s, to regulate the most precise timepieces in the world. Barely the thickness of a hair, they are exquisite because they are made entirely of glass. Combining new documentary evidence, funded by the Antiquarian Horological Society, with the first technical analysis of the springs, undertaken in collaboration with the British Museum, the research presented here uncovers their extraordinary significance to the global extension of nineteenth century capitalism through the repeal of the Corn Laws. In the 1830s and 1840s the Astronomer Royal, George Biddell Airy; the Hydrographer to the Admiralty, Francis Beaufort; and the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel, collaborated with the virtuoso chronometer-maker, Edward John Dent, to mobilize the specificity of particular forms of glass, the salience of the Glass Tax, and the significance of state standards, as means to reform. These protagonists looked to glass and its properties to transform the fiscal military state into an exquisitely regulated machine with the appearance of automation and the gloss of the free-trade liberal ideal. Surprising but significant connections, linking Newcastle mobs to tales of Cinderella and the use of small change, demonstrate why historians must attend to materials and how such attention exposes claims to knowledge, the interests behind such claims, and the impact they have had upon the design and architecture of the modern world. Through the pivotal role of glass, this paper reveals the entangled emergence of state and market capitalism, and how the means of production was transformed in vitreous proportions.
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Castro Capitillo, Javier José, Elide Del Rosario Castellanos Santiago, Luz Marina Fonseca Rodríguez y José Luís Lugo Barrios. "Gestión del conocimiento en universidades públicas". Revista Scientific 4, n.º 14 (5 de noviembre de 2019): 182–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.29394/scientific.issn.2542-2987.2019.4.14.9.182-204.
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El estudio se planteó como objetivo general, describir la gestión del conocimiento, desarrollada en las Universidad Nacional Experimental “Rafael María Baralt” (UNERMB). Se fundamentó en los planeamientos de autores, como Canals (2003); Riesco (2006), entre otros. En relación al diseño metodológico, el estudio es de tipo descriptivo, apoyado de un diseño no experimental, transeccional-descriptivo, de campo. Se trabajó con una población de 17 sujetos, a los cuales se les aplicaron un cuestionario de 21 ítems con un escalamiento de cinco alternativas de respuestas. La validez del instrumento se calculó a través de un juicio de expertos; y el coeficiente de Cronbach, el cual alcanzó un valor de 0.87. Para la confiabilidad se utilizó el método de estadística de las dos mitades, arrojando un valor alto de 0.86. Los datos se procesaron a través de la estadística descriptiva, utilizando el promedio y la desviación, valores interpretados por baremos. Se determinó que Gestión del Conocimiento, ha servido como plataforma para la generación de activos intangibles en una moderada proporción, razón por la cual el esquema de producción de activos de conocimientos debe ser evaluado en concordancia con los requerimientos tecnológicos y cambios que caracterizan el entorno actual.
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Feger, José Elmar, Raquel Dos Santos Vieira y Marcelo Chemin. "RELAÇÃO ENTRE AS CARACTERÍSTICAS CENTRAIS EMPREENDEDORAS E O PROCESSO DE CRIAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO". RACE - Revista de Administração, Contabilidade e Economia 15, n.º 3 (4 de octubre de 2016): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.18593/race.v15i3.8875.
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<p>Nesta investigação considerou-se a relação entre comportamento empreendedor e iniciativas empresariais como relevante à melhor compreensão do empreendedorismo. O objetivo principal foi verificar se indivíduos que apresentam maiores características centrais empreendedoras possuem menores dificuldades no processo de criação de empreendimentos. A pesquisa se classifica como qualitativa e exploratória, fundamentando-se em pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os temas e conceitos, seguida de um levantamento de dados empíricos com empreendedores fundadores de empresas de alimentos e bebidas de Pontal do Paraná, PR. Para identificar o perfil empreendedor dos proprietários fundadores dos referidos empreendimentos, foi adotado o questionário proposto por McClelland (1972 apud BARTEL, 2010). Para elucidar as dificuldades encontradas no processo de criação de tais empreendimentos, tomou-se por referência o modelo de Borges, Simard e Filion (2005). Após a tabulação dos dados coletados em dezembro de 2014, verificou-se que o empresário com menor perfil empreendedor foi o que apresentou maiores dificuldades durante o processo de criação de empreendimentos. Esse fato, visto que os resultados ficaram muito similares entre os respondentes, não pode ser generalizado. Todavia, considerando-se a natureza exploratória deste estudo, a iniciativa se mostrou promissora ao revelar hipóteses que podem ser utilizadas como norte para outras investigações e, nesse sentido, com sua publicação, possibilitou instigar a curiosidade e o interesse de outros pesquisadores para a realização de futuras investigações científicas nessa área de estudo.<strong></strong></p><p>Palavras-chave: Características Empreendedoras. Criação de Empreendimentos. Empresas de alimentos e bebidas.</p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Relationship between the Enterprising Characteristics and the Business Creation Process: An Exploratory Study </em></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><em>Abstract</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><em>The present paper contributes to the discussion about the importance to understand the relationship between entrepreneneurial conduct and business initiatives. The main objective was to verify if individuals who have higher Entrepreneur Characteristics have less difficulties in the process of creating Enterprises. The present research is classified as qualitative and exploratory, basing upon a bibliographic research on topics and concepts relationated to this study, followed by a survey of empirical data with entrepreneurs owners of food and drink enterprises at Pontal do Paraná, PR. To identify the entrepreneurial profile of the founding owners of the enterprises, the questionnaire adopted was based on McClelland (1972 apud Bartel, 2010). To elucidate the difficulties encountered in the process of creating the enterprises, it was taken as reference the model of Borges, Simard and Filion (2005). After tabulating the data which was collected in December 2014, it was verified that the entrepreneur who had lower entrepreneurial profile had more difficulties during the process of creation of his enterprises. This fact, giving that the results were very similar among the respondents, cannot be generalized. However, considering the exploratory character of this study, the initiative was promissory to reveal hypotheses which can be used as orientation to other researches, and in that sense, with its publication, helps to instigate curiosity and interest of other researchers to realize future scientific investigations in this area of study. </em></p><p><em>Keywords: Entrepreneurial Characteristics. Enterprises Creation. </em><em>Food and drink enterprises</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
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Holmes, Kenneth C. y Alan Weeds. "Hugh Esmor Huxley MBE. 25 February 1924 — 25 July 2013". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 63 (enero de 2017): 309–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2016.0011.
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Hugh Esmor Huxley devoted his life to understanding how muscles contract. He was born in Birkenhead and entered Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1941 to study Physics. Joining the RAF in 1943 as an Acting Pilot Officer, he later moved to the Malvern Telecommunications Research Establishment where his pioneering work on developing H 2 S Mk IVA airborne radar over two years to 1947 led to his being elected a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1948 while still an undergraduate. He started X-ray research on living muscle with Sir John Kendrew at the Medical Research Council Unit in the Cavendish Laboratory and showed that skeletal muscle is made of a hexagonal array of thick and thin filaments. In 1952 he moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to study muscle ultrastructure by electron microscopy, where he was joined by Jean Hanson, and in 1954 they published the sliding filament hypothesis (7) † . Back in London he produced ultra-thin sections of muscle barely 150 Å thick, which showed cross-bridges between the filaments, and in 1960 was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. His research at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology from 1962 led to his proposal of the swinging cross-bridge model. His ambition of studying cross-bridge movement in living muscle by X-ray diffraction in the millisecond time range required ever stronger X-ray sources and more sensitive detectors. The development in the 1970s of beam lines from synchrotron radiation opened a new perspective that fascinated him for the rest of his working life. From his last work at Argonne National Laboratory with Massimo Reconditi, Hugh finally convinced himself that he had incontrovertible evidence for the tilting lever-arm model.
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Bankoff, Antonia Dalla Pria, Rafael Gurtler Bekedorf, Ademir Schmidt, Paula Ciol y Carlos Aparecido Zamai. "Análise do equilíbrio corporal estático através de um baropodômetro eletrônico". Conexões 4, n.º 2 (5 de noviembre de 2007): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/conex.v4i2.8637971.
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Um comportamento cotidiano como a manutenção da posição ereta é uma tarefa complexa que envolve um relacionamento preciso entre informação sensorial e atividade motora (BARELA, 2000). O mapeamento do equilíbrio em diferentes posições da base de estabilidade pode ser útil para avaliar a performance do sistema de controle postural em controlar o equilíbrio em situações extremas em que o corpo humano possa cair (DUARTE, 2000). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o equilíbrio corporal estático através da utilização da avaliação baropodometria. Participaram deste estudo 30 sujeitos, sendo 18 do sexo masculino com média de idade 38,7 anos, com estatura corporal de 1,73, massa corporal 76,41 e IMC 25,42; 12 do sexo feminino, com média de idade 43,8 anos, com estatura corporal de 1,55, massa corporal de 65,1 e IMC 27,09. Os sujeitos participaram da pesquisa voluntariamente os quais informaram a idade e tamanho do calçado, bem como preencheram o termo de consentimento formal. Os dados para a análise neste estudo são as oscilações ântero-posteriores (eixo y), laterais (eixo x) e a oscilação do centro de pressão em superfície (cm²) foi aferida através de um Baropodômetro Eletrônico da Physical Support Italy, sendo que os dados foram coletados com os sujeitos de olhos abertos e depois de olhos fechados, tanto bipodálica quanto monopodálica.
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Larrucea, Susana, Angela Pastor, Nora Butta, Elena Arias-Salgado, Matilde Ayuso, Roberto Parrilla y Consuelo González-Manchón. "Compound Heterozygosity of the GPIbα Gene Associated with Bernard-Soulier Syndrome". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 86, n.º 12 (2001): 1385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1616740.
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SummaryWe report the molecular genetic analysis of the Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) phenotype in two related patients showing absence of glycoprotein (GP) Ibα and detectable amounts of GPIX on the platelet surface, and a truncated form of GPIbα in solubilized platelets and plasma. They both were compound heterozygotes for the GPIbα gene: a maternal allele with a T insertion at position 1418 causing a translational frameshift and premature polypeptide termination, and a paternal allele with a T715A substitution changing Cys209 to Ser. Heterozygotes for either one of these mutations were asymptomatic. Transient transfection of cells coexpressing GPIbβ and GPIX failed to detect surface expression of the GPIbα mutants. Cells transfected with [1418insT]GPIbα-cDNA showed a truncated protein of the predicted size in both cell lysate and conditioned medium, indicating the inability of the mutant protein to anchor the plasma membrane. In contrast, transfection of [T715A]GPIbα-cDNA yield a mutated protein barely detectable in the cell lysate and absent in the medium, indicating that the loss of Cys209 renders GPIbα more vulnerable to proteolysis and unable to undergo the normal secretory pathway. Our findings indicate that the additive effects of both mutations are responsible for the BSS phenotype of the patients.
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Weeda, Sarah M., G. N. Mohan Kumar y N. Richard Knowles. "Correlative changes in proteases and protease inhibitors during mobilisation of protein from potato (Solanum tuberosum) seed tubers". Functional Plant Biology 37, n.º 1 (2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp09188.
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Potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) contain protease inhibitors that function in plant defence and as storage proteins. A multi-domain cysteine protease inhibitor, potato multicystatin (PMC), has also been implicated in regulating protein accumulation in developing tubers by inhibiting proteases. Unlike developing tubers, sprouting tubers mobilise protein reserves to support growth of developing plants and, therefore, show an increase in protease activity. Using single-eye containing cores (seedcores) from seed tubers, we characterised the relative changes in patatin, PMC, proteases and serine (Ser) protease inhibitors, as a prerequisite to further research on their potential roles in protein mobilisation from tubers during plant establishment. Approximately 63% of seedcore dry matter was mobilised over a 29-day period of plant establishment (1.7 mg seedcore dry matter mobilised for every mg increase in plant dry matter). The gelatinolytic protease isoforms induced in seedcores during plant establishment differed from those characterised previously in developing tubers. Total protease activity increased progressively in seedcores and reached a maximum 23 days after planting. Conversely, seedcore soluble protein content declined, with patatin accounting for the greatest decrease in the soluble protein fraction during plant establishment. PMC also decreased 44% and Ser (trypsin) protease inhibitors decreased to levels barely detectable in seedcores over the 29-day growth interval. Moreover, the temporal changes in PMC, protease activity and patatin content were highly correlated. As PMC decreased from 6 to 4 ng core–1, protease activity increased 9-fold, patatin decreased 2.6-fold and total soluble protein decreased by 58%. These results suggest that catabolism of protease inhibitors may facilitate protein mobilisation from seed tubers. Further work to define unequivocally the role of protease inhibitors in modulating the activity of proteases during protein mobilisation from tubers is warranted.
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Attaran, Elham, Michael Rostás y Jürgen Zeier. "Pseudomonas syringae Elicits Emission of the Terpenoid (E,E)-4,8,12-Trimethyl-1,3,7,11-Tridecatetraene in Arabidopsis Leaves Via Jasmonate Signaling and Expression of the Terpene Synthase TPS4". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2008): 1482–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-11-1482.
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Volatile, low–molecular weight terpenoids have been implicated in plant defenses, but their direct role in resistance against microbial pathogens is not clearly defined. We have examined a possible role of terpenoid metabolism in the induced defense of Arabidopsis thaliana plants against leaf infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Inoculation of plants with virulent or avirulent P. syringae strains induces the emission of the terpenoids (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT), β-ionone and α-farnesene. While the most abundant volatile, the C16-homoterpene TMTT, is produced relatively early in compatible and incompatible interactions, emission of both β-ionone and α-farnesene only increases in later stages of the compatible interaction. Pathogen-induced synthesis of TMTT is controlled through jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling but is independent of a functional salicylic acid (SA) pathway. We have identified Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion lines with defects in the terpene synthase gene TPS4, which is expressed in response to P. syringae inoculation. The tps4 knockout mutant completely lacks induced emission of TMTT but is capable of β-ionone and α-farnesene production, demonstrating that TPS4 is specifically involved in TMTT formation. The tps4 plants display at least wild type–like resistance against P. syringae, indicating that TMTT per se does not protect against the bacterial pathogen in Arabidopsis leaves. Similarly, the ability to mount SA-dependent defenses and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is barely affected in tps4, which excludes a signaling function of TMTT during SAR. Besides P. syringae challenge, intoxication of Arabidopsis leaves with copper sulfate, a treatment that strongly activates JA biosynthesis, triggers production of TMTT, β-ionone, and α-farnesene. Taken together, our data suggest that induced TMTT production in Arabidopsis is a by-product of activated JA signaling, rather than an effective defense response that contributes to resistance against P. syringae.
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Rodríguez-Monforte, Miriam, Carles Fernández-Jané, Anna Martin-Arribas, Lluís Costa-Tutusaus, Mercè Sitjà-Rabert, Inés Ramírez-García, Olga Canet Vélez, Jenna Kopp, Jordi Vilaró y Elena Carrillo-Alvarez. "Interventions across the Retirement Transition for Improving Well-Being: A Scoping Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 12 (17 de junio de 2020): 4341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124341.
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(1) Background: The work-to-retirement transition involves a process of psychologically and behaviorally distancing oneself from the workforce that is often accompanied by other social changes, which can influence health and well-being. However, research on interventions targeting the work-to-retirement transition to improve health status is limited. Our objective was to summarize and describe interventions aiming to improve well-being across the retirement transition; (2) Methods: We conducted a scoping review following the methodological framework described by Arksey and O’Malley; the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines as well as the PRISMA-ScR statements; we systematically searched articles and gray literature to identify interventions and policies that aimed to improve well-being across the retirement transition. (3) Results: 15 publications were included, which comprised both experimental designs (n = 10) and systematic reviews (n = 5). (4) Conclusions: More research on how to promote overall well-being during the work-to-retirement transition is needed. The results of this scoping review show that most reported interventions address one single lifestyle behavior, and that relevant social determinants of health have been barely considered in their design. Future investigations need to consider vulnerable groups and country-specific structural conditions. Adopting a patient and public involvement approach will contribute to developing interventions that address the significant needs of those in the transition to retirement.
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Zhang, Xiaoxi, Jianbo Yuan, Xiaojun Zhang, Jianhai Xiang y Fuhua Li. "Genomic Characterization and Expression of Juvenile Hormone Esterase-Like Carboxylesterase Genes in Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 15 (30 de julio de 2020): 5444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155444.
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The sesquiterpenoid methyl farnesoate (MF), a juvenile hormone (JH) analog, plays important roles in many physiological processes of crustaceans, such as morphogenesis, molting and reproduction. Juvenile hormone esterase-like (JHE-like) carboxylesterase (CXE) is a key enzyme in MF degradation, playing a significant role in regulating MF titer. However, its function is barely known in shrimp. In this study, a total of 21 JHE-like CXEs (LvCXEs) were characterized in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, based on the full genome and multi-transcriptomic data. LvCXE has a conserved triplet catalytic site (Ser-Glu-His) and a characteristic GxSxG motif. Most LvCXEs were highly expressed in the hepatopancreas, which was the main site for MF degradation. LvCXEs containing a GESAG motif showed a specific expansion in the L. vannamei genome. Those GESAG-containing LvCXEs presented differential expressions at different larvae stages and different molting stages of L. vannamei, which suggested their potential functions in development and molting. Additionally, when the transcription level of CXEs was inhibited, it could lead to failed molt and death of L. vannamei. When we further detected the expression levels of the key ecdysone responsive transcription factors including LvE75, LvBr-C, LvHr3 and LvFtz-f1 after the CXE inhibitor was injected into L. vannamei, they all showed apparent down-regulation. These results suggested that the expansion of LvCXEs in the L. vannamei genome should contribute to the regulation of metamorphosis at larvae stages and frequent molting during the growth of L. vannamei.
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Rippin, A. "The exegetical genre asbāb al-nuzūl: a bibliographical and terminological survey". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48, n.º 1 (febrero de 1985): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00026926.
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‘Thus Ḥājjī Khalīfa, the Ottoman bibliographer of the eleventh/seventeenth century, introduces his listing of books contained within the genre of exegetical literature connected to the Qur'ān entitled asbāb al-nuzūl. That account of the genre has barely been exceeded in more recent scholarship. Ignaz Goldziher in his Die Richtungen der islamischen Koranauslegung finds occasion only once to mention the ‘classic’ work of the type, that by al-Wāḥidī (d. 468/1075), and devotes no further space to consideration of the literature. Régis Blachère in his Introduction au Coran deals with the genre in a brief footnote while Bell/Watt's Introduction to the Qur'ān confines comment to a dozen or so lines. The standard tome of scholarship, Nöldeke/Schwally, Geschichte des Qorāns, II: Die Sammlung des Qorāns, gives the longest treatment known, extending for almost two pages of text. The introduction to the section is worthy of quotation:Die unter dem Namen Asbüb al-nuzūl gehenden Werke unterscheiden sich von den Kommentaren dadurch, dass sie nur das auf Veranlassung der Offenbarungen bezüigliche Material enthalten. Da dieses aber den religionsgeschichtlich wie literargeschichtlich wichtigsten Teil der Kommentare ausmacht und hier, alles stö:renden Beiwerkes entkleidet, besonders leicht zu übersehen ist, begreift es sich leicht, wie gross der Wert dieser Bücher für die Forschung ist. Die Muslime haben, wie es scheint, weniger Verständnis dafür gehabt, sonst würde die Zahl der einschlägigen Werke, von denen wir Kunde haben, nicht so gering sein.
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Cascio, Michele, Ioannis Deretzis, Giuseppe Fisicaro, Giuseppe Falci, Giovanni Mannino y Antonino Magna. "Tailoring Active Defect Centers During the Growth of Group IV Crystals†". Proceedings 12, n.º 1 (19 de diciembre de 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019012032.
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Defects, e.g., Vacancies (Vs) and Defect-impurity centers, e.g., Nitrogen-Vacancy complexes (NVs), in group IV materials (diamond, SiC, graphene) are unique systems for Quantum Technologies (QT). The control of their positioning is a key issue for any realistic QT application and their tailored inclusion during controlled crystal-growth processes could overcome the limitations of other incorporation methods (e.g., ion implantation causing strong lattice damage). To date, the atomistic evolution regarding the growth of group IV crystals is barely known and this missing knowledge often results in a lack of process control in terms of mesoscopic crystal quality, mainly concerning the eventual generation of local or extended defects and their space distribution. We have developed Kinetic Monte Carlo models to study the growth kinetics of materials characterized by sp 3 bonding symmetries with an atomic-level accuracy. The models can be also coupled to the continuum simulation of the gas-phase status generated in the equipment to estimate the deposition rate and reproduce a variety of growth techniques (e.g., Chemical and Physical Vapour deposition, sublimation, etc.). Evolution is characterized by nucleation and growth of ideal or defective structures and their balance depends critically on process-related parameters. Quantitative predictions of the process evolution can be obtained and readily compared with the structural characterization of the processed samples. In particular, we can describe the surface state of the crystal and the defect generation/evolution (for both point and extended defects, e.g., stacking faults) as a function of the initial substrate conditions and the process parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, gas flow).
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Christlelow, Stephanie Mooers. "A Moveable Feast? Itineration and the Centralization of Government Under Henry I". Albion 28, n.º 2 (1996): 187–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052459.
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In this year, king Henry was in Windsor at Christmas, and wore his crown there…. The king spent Easter at Kingsthorpe near Northhampton…. The king spent Whit Sunday at St. Albans. Thereafter, at midsummer, he went with his levies into Wales…. Thereafter he came to Winchester… Thereafter he went oversea [sic] into Normandy.(Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, sub anno1114, versions H and E.)This fairly representative account of the travels of an Anglo-Norman king in his dominions during the course of one year is testimony to the peripatetic character of royal and ducal administrations in the eleventh- and twelfth-centuries. But, like other sources used in isolation, it barely indicates the intensity of itinerating government reached during the long reign of Henry I (1100–1135), and which was maintained at a heightened pitch in the chaotic decades to come.Modern historians have recognized that itineration was fundamental to medieval kingship and that it was crucial to the governance of a geographically disparate realm, as kings divided their time between historically separate regions. Itineration was a practical device in the absence of fully-developed governmental institutions as well as an economic necessity, for in partially monetarized economies, it was not always possible to move goods easily from county districts to main centers of power.Only a handful of recent, comprehensive studies of government in Norman and Angevin England have touched on the subject of itineration. David C. Douglas concentrated on the men who comprised the royal household and who attended meetings of the royalcuriain his analyses of William the Conqueror's (1066–1087) personal kingship.
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Furlan, Miha, Bettina Stucki, Colette Steinmann, Myriam Jungo y Bernhard Lämmle. "Normal Binding of Calcium to Five Fibrinogen Variants with Mutations in the Carboxy Terminal Part of the γ-Chain". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 76, n.º 03 (1996): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1650587.
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SummaryCalcium ions are known to accelerate polymerization of fibrin monomers. Each of the two carboxy terminal domains of normal fibrinogen contains one high-affinity calcium binding site that seems to be situated close to the polymerization site in the γ-chain. Most hitherto described functionally defective fibrinogen variants showed impaired clot formation. Since the tightly bound calcium ions may influence the conformation of the polymerization site, the question arises whether the abnormal clotting of a dysfibrinogen might be due to defective calcium binding. We investigated binding of calcium to fibrinogen and the effect of calcium on the clotting properties of five heterozygous fibrinogen variants showing normal thrombin-induced fibrinopeptide release but abnormal polymerization of fibrin monomers. Each of these dysfibrinogens has one single amino acid substitution in the carboxy-terminal part of the γ-chain: fibrinogen Claro (γ 275 Arg ⟶ His), Milano V (γ 275 Arg Cys), Milano I (γ 330 Asp ⟶ Val), Bern I (γ 337 Asn Lys), and Milano VII (γ 358 Ser Cys). The shortest thrombin clotting time and the earliest onset of turbidity increase were observed in fibrinogen γ 358 Ser ⟶ Cys; both parameters were little affected by calcium concentration. In the variant γ 337 Asn ⟶ Lys, the thrombin time was abnormally prolonged at 0.01 mM Ca2+, but it was normalized at 1 mM calcium. In contrast, the abnormal fibrin polymerization of fibrinogen γ 330 Asp ⟶ Val was barely improved at increasing calcium concentrations. Both variants with the substitution of γ 275 Arg, the residue indispensable for normal D:D interactions, showed the slowest rate of fibrin polymerization and the lowest turbidity of fibrin clots at any Ca2+ concentration used. High affinity calcium binding was found to be normal in all five fibrinogen variants studied, suggesting that their abnormal clotting was not due to defective binding of calcium. The γ-chain in the fragment D1 derived from the variant γ 337 Asn ⟶ Lys was further degraded by plasmin in the presence and in the absence of calcium, whereas fragments D1 from the other four γ-chain variants as well as from normal fibrinogen were protected against plasmic degradation in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+.
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Jiménez Calderón, Francisco y Anna Rufat. "La enseñanza de verbos frecuentes a partir de enfoques léxicos". Verba Hispanica 27, n.º 1 (22 de diciembre de 2019): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vh.27.1.131-151.
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Desde la aparición de los primeros trabajos sobre enfoques léxicos, cuyos hallazgos fundamentales fueron aglutinados y ampliados por Lewis (1993, 1997, 2000), la investigación ha ido respaldando con rigor los principios que sustentan la aplicación de los planteamientos lexicalistas a la enseñanza de segundas lenguas, de tal modo que pueden ya citarse varias premisas plenamente consolidadas: 1) el léxico es primordial en la adquisición de una lengua, pues en él reside el significado y constituye la base para el desarrollo de las destrezas y habilidades comunicativas (Alderson, 2005; Tomasello, 2003); 2) un ítem léxico no es simplemente la unión de forma y significado, sino que consta de varios rasgos que conforman lo que puede denominarse profundidad léxica (Richards, 1976; Nation, 2001; Baralo, 2006): marcas de registro, restricciones combinatorias, relaciones morfológicas, conexiones semánticas, usos figurados, etc.; 3) el léxico de una lengua está formado por palabras y por unidades multipalabra o bloques léxicos más o menos estables (locuciones, marcadores discursivos, paremias, colocaciones, etc.) que constituyen una gran parte –aún no cuantificada con exactitud– del discurso nativo (Wray, 2002; Stengers, 2009); 4) el léxico más frecuente debe ser objeto prioritario de aprendizaje, pues abarca una gran parte del discurso nativo cotidiano (Nation, 2008); 5) el aprendizaje del léxico es más eficaz si se toma conciencia de las semejanzas y diferencias entre la L1 y la L2 (Swan, 1997) y cuando exige elaboración o procesamiento profundo de la información léxica (Barcroft, 2012; Cheikh-Khamis Cases, 2016); 6) el aprendizaje de un ítem léxico es gradual (Leow, 2015): se advierte en el input, se procesa de manera profunda y se almacena en el lexicón por medio de redes (Nagini, 2008) y, por último, se recupera en la producción.
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Arcentales, Danilo y Carla Silva. "Exploring the Introduction of Plug-In Hybrid Flex-Fuel Vehicles in Ecuador". Energies 12, n.º 12 (12 de junio de 2019): 2244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122244.
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In Europe, diesel combustion is being banned due to the NOx and PM2.5 emissions impact on air quality. The bus sector is being electrified and is increasing its use of alternative fuels, such as natural gas (in spark ignition engines) and bioethanol (in compression ignition engines), to reduce such harmful emissions. Even if a diesel bus is equipped with selective catalytic reduction (SCR), its NOx emissions are reduced its but produces more NH3 emissions that are PM2.5 precursors. In developing countries, the air quality is still barely monitored, however, the air quality issue is well known and is being addressed. Moreover, the Ecuadorian sugar cane industry is seeking ways to increase its ethanol production. This is the ideal framework to explore a new technology and energy source in developing economies such as Ecuador. This paper explores the impact of the Ecuadorian diesel bus fleet conversion to hybrid compression ignition ethanol (HEV-ED95), hybrid diesel and plug-in hybrid flex-fuel using electricity and internal combustion engine ICE-E20 and ICE-E100. The impacts are measured in terms of final energy consumption, criteria pollutant emissions (NH3, NOx, PM2.5) and 100 years global warming potential in a well-to-wheels framework. For the tank-to-wheels data the method follows the typical values of conversion efficiency from final to useful energy (cross checked with a microsimulation model), the Tier 2 European Environmental Agency approach combined with ethanol influence on compression ratio, lower heating value, criteria emissions taken from a literature review, and well-to-tank emission factors for electricity (10–58% thermal natural gas or coal powerplant contribution), for ethanol from banana industry wastes (ED95, E20 and E100), gasoline and diesel from US databases. A discussion on whether sugarcane biorefineries are necessary is highlighted in the results. All input parameters have an uncertainty range between a minimum and a maximum and the probability for each is giving by a uniform distribution.
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Cantuário, Victor André Pinheiro. "“Não quero a glória que vem fria, quero agora”: a negação da posteridade em Hilda Hilst / “I Don’t Want the Cold Glory; I Want It Now”: The Denial of Posterity in Hilda Hilst". Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 40, n.º 64 (3 de febrero de 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.40.64.57-71.
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Resumo: O artigo discute a opinião de Hilda Hilst sobre leitor, obra e posteridade recorrendo às entrevistas concedidas pela autora ao longo de sua trajetória literária e reunidas por Diniz (2013), bem como à biografia escrita por Folgueira e Destri (2018). Tendo frequentemente se queixado de não possuir leitores, de sua obra ser inédita ao público, de ser mal distribuída por seus editores e acusada de hermética, Hilda Hilst não interrompeu sua produção que se estendeu desde a publicação do primeiro livro, em 1950, até apresentar sua despedida do sagrado ofício da escrita com o último de textos inéditos, em 1997. De posse das informações disponibilizadas tanto nas entrevistas quanto na biografia mencionadas, torna-se evidente o entendimento de que havia uma preocupação por parte da poeta paulista, ainda que se tenha negado sucessivamente a “descobrir” quem era o seu leitor, de que sua obra fosse conhecida, reconhecida, objeto de estudo e se mantivesse em cena mesmo após a sua morte, fatos para os quais a compra de parte de seus arquivos pelo Centro de Documentação Cultural Alexandre Eulálio, da UNICAMP, o projeto da editora Globo de publicar a obra completa e a organização do Instituto Hilda Hilst contribuíram significativamente, além de ter sido homenageada na Festa Literária Internacional de Paraty (FLIP), em 2018, reascendendo-se, mais uma vez, o interesse pela autora e sua obra. E disto se concluir que, mesmo fria, a glória póstuma se estende sobre sua obra, pois não foi necessário que meio século transcorresse, é no hoje da posteridade negada que os louros são colhidos em memória a essa estrangeira na própria terra.Palavras-chave: Hilda Hilst; Obra; Posteridade; Literatura Brasileira Contemporânea.Abstract: The paper presents Hilda Hilst’s opinion about the reader, her work and posterity through interviews she gave, collected by Diniz (2013), as well as her biography written by Folgueira and Destri (2018). Even Hilst often complained of her few readers, that her work was barely known by the public, not well distributed to sell by the publishers, and also called hermetic, she never stopped of writing for these reasons, since her first book, from 1950, until her last one, in the late 1990s. Considering all this information, it becomes clear the understanding that the paulista writer was really concerned, even though she denied several times, in discovering who was her reader, that her work was known, acknowledged, studied and could be there after her death, and the buying of her personal papers by the Centro de Documentação Cultural Alexandre Eulálio (UNICAMP), the Globo publisher’s project of reprinting her complete work, and the beginning of the activities of the Instituto Hilda Hilst immensely contributed, besides Hilda Hilst had been honored in the 16th Festa Literária Internacional de Paraty (FLIP), in 2018, risen again interesting by the writer and her work. From this, it is possible to conclude that even cold, the posthumous glory is spreading its wings above Hilda Hilst’s work, and won’t be necessary that half of a century goes by, it is right now that the denied posterity is resting on her laurels in honor to the memory of that stranger in her own country.Keywords: Hilda Hilst; Literary Work; Posterity; Contemporary Brazilian Literature.