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1
Gin, Karina Y. H. Microbial size spectra from diverse marine ecosystems. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1996.
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2
Barry, John Willard y Patricia J. Skyler. Final report: Compendium of drop size spectra compiled from wind tunnel tests. Davis, CA: USDA Forest Service, Forest Pest Management, 1991.
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3
Yates, Wesley E. Drop size spectra of Dipel 8L and Thuricide 48LV atomized with a Micronair. Davis, CA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Pest Management, 1985.
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4
Ishkhanov, B. S. Razmer i forma atomnykh i͡a︡der. Moskva: Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1990.
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5
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A study of the spatial scales of discrete polar auroral arcs. El Segundo, Calif: Aerospace Corp., 1989.
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6
Bernreuter, D. L. Development of site specific response spectra. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Safety, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987.
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Bernreuter, D. L. Development of site specific response spectra. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Safety, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987.
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8
Lindley, Grant T. Analysis of source spectra, attenuation, and site effects from central and eastern United States earthquakes. Washington, D.C: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1998.
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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering Technology., University of California, Santa Barbara. Institute for Crustal Studies. y U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission., eds. Analysis of source spectra, attenuation, and site effects from central and eastern United States earthquakes. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1998.
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10
C, Seekins L. y Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Response spectra from the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake regressed for site amplification, attenuation, and directivity. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.
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11
Papelis, Charalambos. Evaluation of cesium, strontium, and lead sorption, desorption, and diffusion in volcanic tuffs from Frenchman Flat, Nevada Test Site: Macroscopic and spectroscopic investigations. Las Vegas, Nev: Desert Research Institute, 2003.
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12
Pak, Hasong. Optical dynamics experiment (ODEX) data report R/V Acania Expedition of 10 Oct thru 17 Nov 1982: Volume 2: particle size distributions, volume 6: scalar spectral-radiometer data. Corvallis, Or: College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, 1986.
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13
Kamenskaya, Valentina y Leonid Tomanov. The fractal-chaotic properties of cognitive processes: age. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1053569.
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In the monograph the literature information about the nature of stochastic processes and their participation in the work of the brain and human behavior. Established that the real cognitive processes and mental functions associated with the procedural side of external events and the stochastic properties of the internal dynamics of brain systems in the form of fluctuations of their parameters, including cardiac rhythm generation and sensorimotor reactions. Experimentally proved that the dynamics of the measured physiological processes is in the range from chaotic regime to a weakly deterministic — fractal mode. Fractal mode determines the maximum order and organization homeostasis of cognitive processes and States, as well as high adaptive ability of the body systems with fractal properties. The fractal-chaotic dynamics is a useful quality to examine the actual physiological and psychological systems - a unique numerical identification of the order and randomness of the processes through calculation of fractal indices. The monograph represents the results of many years of experimental studies of the reflection properties of stochastic sensorimotor reactions, as well as stochastic properties of heart rate in children, Teens and adults in the age aspect in the speech activity and the perception of different kinds of music with its own frequency-spectral structure.
Designed for undergraduates, graduate students and researchers that perform research and development on cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
14
S, Zagon Ian y Slotkin Theodore A, eds. Maternal substance abuse and the developing nervous system. San Diego: Academic Press, 1992.
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15
Ninul, Anatolij Sergeevič. Tenzornaja trigonometrija: Teorija i prilozenija / Theory and Applications /. Moscow, Russia: Mir Publisher, 2004.
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Ninul, Anatolij Sergeevič. Tensor Trigonometry. Moscow, Russia: Fizmatlit Publisher, 2021.
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17
Eland, John y Raimund Feifel. Double Photoionisation Spectra of Molecules. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788980.001.0001.
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This book contains spectra of the doubly charged positive ions (dications) of some 75 molecules, including the major constituents of terrestrial and planetary atmospheres and prototypes of major chemical groups. It is intended to be a new resource for research in all areas of molecular spectroscopy involving high energy environments, both terrestrial and extra-terrestrial. All the spectra have been produced by photoionisation using laboratory lamps or synchrotron radiation and have been measured using the magnetic bottle time-of-flight technique by coincidence detection of correlated electron pairs. Full references to published work on the same species are given, though for several molecules these are the first published spectra. Double ionisation energies are listed and discussed in relation to the molecular electronic structure of the molecules. A full introduction to the field of molecular double ionisation is included and the mechanisms by which double photoionisation can occur are examined in detail. A preliminary chapter covers double photoionisation of an atom in order to explain the basic principles of the technique, then five chapters present spectra of molecules of increasing size. A seventh chapter on the new fields of core–core and core–valence double ionisations, with selected examples, completes the main body of the book. Appendices explain the detailed mechanisms of double photoionisation, the calibration of the electron spectrometers, and give a brief summary of the methods by which double ionisation energies are calculated theoretically.
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Russell, Karen Therese. Raman spectroscopic studies of asbestos: The design and commissioning of a ramon microprobe and a study of theraman spectra of asbestos in the respirable fibre size range. Bradford, 1985.
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Eland, John H. D. y Raimund Feifel. Mainly aliphatic molecules. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788980.003.0007.
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Double photoionisation spectra of homologous iodides and alcohols, acetonitrile, methyl mercaptan, acetaldehyde, acetone, norbornane, cyclooctatetraene, and TMMD are presented. Effects on the spectra of these molecules from electronic state congestion and geometry changes on ionisation mean that only the lowest dication states can be identified. As little detailed analysis of the individual spectra is possible, this chapter presents the molecules in groups rather than individually. In this chapter, molecules are ordered more thematically than strictly by size. The chapter starts with four homologous iodides and three homologous alcohols. Then this chapter takes some individual molecules with different substituent groups and proceed to a few larger molecules. The chapter demonstrates the dominant effect of the distance to which charges can separate in the dication on the double ionisation threshold.
21
Davis, William C. Historic Site Studies: Spectral Mining Camps. AuthorHouse, 2005.
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22
Bauer, Amy, Liam Cagney y William Mason, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Spectral Music. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633547.001.0001.
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This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs.
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(Editor), Ben Forta, ed. Allaire Spectra E-Business Construction Kit. Que, 2000.
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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Wave Turbulence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0013.
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Main notions and ideas of wave (weak) turbulence theory are explained with the help of Hamiltonian approach to wave dynamics, and are applied to waves in RSW model. Derivation of kinetic equations under random-phase approximation is explained. Short inertia–gravity waves on the f plane, short equatorial inertia–gravity waves, and Rossby waves on the beta plane are then considered along these lines. In all of these cases, approximate solutions of kinetic equation, annihilating the collision integral, can be obtained by scaling arguments, giving power-law energy spectra. The predictions of turbulence of inertia–gravity waves on the f plane are compared with numerical simulations initialised by ensembles of random waves. Energy spectra much steeper than theoretical are observed. Finite-size effects, which prevent energy transfer from large to short scales, provide a plausible explanation. Long waves thus evolve towards breaking and shock formation, yet the number of shocks is insufficient to produce shock turbulence.
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Renton, Alan E. y Alison M. Goate. Genetics of Dementia. Editado por Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar y Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0051.
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The genetic architecture of dementia is polygenic and complex, with risk alleles spanning frequency–effect size space. Despite significant progress, most genes influencing these disorders await discovery. Known risk loci implicate perturbed pathways that coalesce around recurring mechanistic themes, notably the autophagosome-lysosome system, the cytoskeleton, endocytosis, innate immunity, lipid metabolism, mitochondria, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Phenotypic and pathophysiological pleiotropy suggests some conditions form continuous clinicopathogenetic disease spectra blurring classical diagnoses. Future large-scale genome sequencing of global populations will significantly elucidate etiopathogenesis and is likely to reframe nosology. Furthermore integrative prospective cohort studies have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of dementia.
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Watts, Richard A. y Eleana Ntatsaki. Miscellaneous vasculitides. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0137.
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The vasculitides are a group of relatively rare conditions with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Classification of the vasculitic syndromes is done according to the size of the vessels affected and also the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Vasculitides can be either primary or secondary to an underlying systemic disease, malignancy, or infection. This chapter covers the spectrum of the secondary vasculitides; some of the non-ANCA-associated primary vasculitides and miscellaneous types of vasculitic syndromes. Secondary vasculitis can occur in the background of systemic rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, or other connective tissue diseases. Vasculitis can also present in relation to precipitants such as drugs (propylthiouracil, hydralazine, leucotriene antagonists) or vaccines. Infection (bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, and fungal) has been associated with vasculitis either as a trigger or as a consequence of iatrogenic immunosuppression. Infection-related vasculitis can affect all types and sizes of vessels. Certain forms of vasculitis such as cryoglobulinaemia are closely associated with viral infections and more specifically with HCV infection. There are forms of vasculitis, which appear to be isolated or localized to a single organ, or site (skin, gastrointestinal, genital, and primary central nervous system vasculitis) that may be histologically similar to systemic syndromes, but have a different prognosis. Other conditions that may mimic vasculitis and miscellaneous conditions such as Cogan's syndrome and relapsing polychondritis are also discussed.
28
Mayer, Steven G. Size estimates of molecular clusters using elastic light scattering and CARS spectroscopy. 1997.
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29
Greyser, Naomi. “Spectres of Liberty” and the Archive. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190460983.003.0007.
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This epilogue considers the legacy of nineteenth-century sentimentalism, turning to contemporary civic statuary that memorializes nineteenth-century sentimentalists. Juxtaposing this statuary with the hauntingly ephemeral installation The Ghost of Liberty Street Church, the chapter offers postpresentist inquiry as a method that regards the archive as an urgent and poignantly incomplete political project. Where historicist approaches emphasize distance and difference from history through periodization, and charges of presentism name historians’ overidentification with the past, postpresentism holds in view intimacy and distance between past and the present. The epilogue lays out postpresentist readings of sculptures of Harriet E. Wilson in Milford, New Hampshire; Winnemucca Hopkins and Sojourner Truth in the United States Capitol Rotunda; and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Amelia Bloomer, and Susan B. Anthony in Seneca Falls, New York. These statues’ site-specific installations bring into relief the raced, gendered, and colonial legacies of the grounds beneath their podia and feet.
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Wright, A. G. Photocathodes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0002.
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Optical properties of photocathodes and their characterization in terms of absorptance, transparency, and reflectance in mixed dielectric media are presented. Photometric units and international standards are based on a specified white light source. The electromagnetic spectrum covers about a decade in wavelength and there is a relationship between photon energy and wavelength. Spectral responsivity can be specified in milliamps per watt or as quantum efficiency, η(λ), in terms of photoelectrons per incident photon. Empirical specifications, based on filtered light from a standard white light source give a measure of the photocathode response to blue, red, and infrared light. Bialkali photocathodes laid on a conducting substrate can operate at ultra-low temperatures approaching absolute zero, while others can survive operation at 200 °C. End window and side window photomultipliers are available in a range of diameters and photocathode types.
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Eland, John H. D. y Raimund Feifel. Core–core and core–valence double ionisation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788980.003.0008.
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Basic concepts of inner shell double ionisation phenomena are discussed and examples are presented. An empirical model to calculate single-site K-shell double ionisation energies is proposed and the enhanced chemical shifts in double L-shell ionisation are illustrated. Core–valence double ionisation spectra are shown to closely resemble photoelectron spectra from single ionisation in many cases. Core–valence double ionisation spectra of NH3, CO, CO2, OCS, CS2, CF4, Si(CH3)4, benzene, and C60 are presented with analysis. In the context of core ionisation it is customary to use the very economical ‘KLM’ notation, which is universally used in Auger spectroscopy, as well as the chemists’ familiar 1s, 2s, 2p, and so on. This chapter uses the KLM notation sparingly where its brevity is an advantage, so a short table list of equivalents is also included here.
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Speed, Cathy. Golf injuries. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0043.
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Golf is a game with rapidly increasing popularity, played worldwide. Golfers are a wide spectrum of the population in terms of their size, shape, age, fitness, and health status As a result, injuries in golf can involve aggravation of a pre-existing condition such as osteoarthritis or present as acute or chronic overuse injuries ...
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Solymar, L., D. Walsh y R. R. A. Syms. The electron as a wave. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0002.
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Discusses the Davisson–Germer experiment in which electrons pass through a screen having one or two slits, and shows the necessity for a wave theory. The operation of an electron microscope is explained and some properties of the waves including the uncertainty between the simultaneous determination of position and momentum of the particle. Analogies with classical phenomena are discussed, namely the Fourier transform relationship between pulse length and spectral width, and the size of an aperture aerial and its relationship to the beamwidth.
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Pernet, Bruno, ed. Larval Feeding: Mechanisms, Rates, and Performance in Nature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0007.
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Larvae of many marine invertebrates must capture and ingest particulate food in order to develop to metamorphosis. These larvae use only a few physical processes to capture particles, but implement these processes using diverse morphologies and behaviors. Detailed understanding of larval feeding mechanism permits investigators to make predictions about feeding performance, including the size spectrum of particles larvae can capture and the rates at which they can capture them. In nature, larvae are immersed in complex mixtures of edible particles of varying size, density, flavor, and nutritional quality, as well as many particles that are too large to ingest. Concentrations of all of these components vary on fine temporal and spatial scales. Mechanistic models linking larval feeding mechanism to performance can be combined with data on food availability in nature and integrated into broader bioenergetics models to yield increased understanding of the biology of larvae in complex natural habitats.
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Zimmer, Kenyon. “All Flags Look Alike to Us”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039386.003.0004.
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This chapter argues that anarchism was strongest among San Francisco's Italians, but the city's diversity, mixed neighborhoods, and the Italian community's small size relative to the total population meant that multiethnic alliances were both easy to forge and necessary to sustain radical activity. The result was the emergence of a pan-ethnic “Latin” movement encompassing Italian, French, and Spanish-speaking anarchists and syndicalists. By the First World War, San Francisco's anarchist groups had amalgamated into a loose coalition that extended across virtually the entire ethnoracial spectrum, and the city had become a major nexus of global radicalism that rivaled Paris in its myriad of international revolutionaries and progressives of all sorts.
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Santillán-Salgado, Roberto J. y Juan José García-Santos. Offshore Hedge Funds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607371.003.0010.
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Hedge funds have expanded the spectrum of alternative investments and offer sophisticated investors a variety of professionally managed portfolios. According to their legal status and registration, hedge funds are classified as offshore or onshore. This chapter discusses offshore hedge funds and empirically contrasts them with their onshore counterparts using statistical information obtained from Bloomberg Professional Information Services. The differences between onshore hedge funds and offshore hedge funds respond to differences in the clientele each one serves, their regulatory constraints, size, performance, and volatility. As a result of that comparison, the chapter concludes that offshore hedge funds represent an attractive market alternative for tax-exempt institutional investors and individuals not subject to tax responsibilities in their home countries.
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Nedeljkovic, Maja, Richard Moulding, Elham Foroughi, Michael Kyrios y Guy Doron. Cultural Issues in Understanding and Treating Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders. Editado por Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0102.
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This chapter discusses the cross-cultural understanding of the obsessive compulsive and spectrum disorders. Epidemiological studies suggest a reasonably consistent prevalence of OCD around the world. The role of other culturally influenced factors in the presentation of OCD is also considered (i.e., religiosity, superstition, and beliefs), with religion considered particularly important in the presentation of OCD, although not in its prevalence per se. Treatment effect sizes across countries and within minority cultures from Western countries are outlined. The influence of cultural factors on help-seeking behaviors, assessment, misdiagnosis, and treatment are considered. Limitations of the literature base are discussed, particularly the lack of non-Western studies of treatment effects, and the low evidence base for the spectrum disorders.
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Ginsberg, Rick y Timothy Gray Davies. The Human Side of Leadership. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400667466.
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Despite the ubiquitous nature of emotions as part of the human psyche, the emotional side of leadership is largely ignored in formal and informal training of managers, often resulting in miscommunication and contributing to stress in the workplace. Though concepts such as emotional intelligence have entered the mainstream, they are often marginalized in managerial practice. This book argues that without acknowledging the powerful influence of emotions—your own as well as others'—managers are doomed to fail in their interactions with employees, peers, and bosses, and ultimately in their ability to manage and lead effectively. Ginsberg and Davies draw from primary research, including interviews with managers in a variety of settings, to introduce readers to the emotional side of leadership and demonstrate its positive effects on individual and organizational performance. They present practical tools for honing emotional navigation skills and applying them toward decision making, problem solving, communication, feedback, and performance improvement. Any management decision that involves people (in other words, any management decision) has an emotional component. Given the ubiquitous nature of emotions as part of the human psyche, one would expect leaders and managers to be well-trained and equipped to deal with emotions in the workplace. On the contrary, the emotional side of being a leader is largely ignored in formal and informal training programs, often resulting in miscommunication between managers and their employees, and contributing to workplace stress. Though concepts such as emotional intelligence have entered the mainstream, systematic development of skills in managing emotions in the workplace have yet to emerge, and are often relegated to the touchy-feely end of the spectrum. This book argues that without acknowledging the powerful influence of emotions—their own as well as others'—managers are doomed to fail in their interactions with employees, peers, and bosses, and ultimately in their ability to manage and lead effectively. Ginsberg and Davies draw from primary research, including interviews with managers in a variety of settings, to introduce readers to the emotional side of leadership and demonstrate its positive effects on individual and organizational performance. They present practical tools for honing emotional navigation skills and applying them toward decision making, problem solving, communication, feedback, and performance improvement.
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Walsh, Bruce y Michael Lynch. Using Molecular Data to Detect Selection: Signatures from Recent Single Events. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0009.
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Different types and phases of a selective sweep (hard, soft, partial, polygenic) generate different patterns of departures from neutrality, and hence require different tests. It is thus not surprising that a large number of tests have been proposed that use sequence information to detect ongoing, or very-recently completed, episodes of selection. This chapter critically reviews over 50 such tests, which use information on allele-frequency change, linkage disequilibrium patterns, spatial allele-frequency patterns, site-frequency spectrum data, allele-frequency spectrum data, and haplotype structure. This chapter discusses the domain of applicability for each test, and their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, this chapter examines application of these methods in the search for recent, or ongoing, selection in humans and for genes involved in the domestication process in plants and animals.
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LeMaitre, John y Jan Kornder. Anti-arrhythmics in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0038.
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Anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) are an important component of the pharmacological arsenal used in the management of the critically-ill patient. The benefits of AADs, as well as their potential disadvantageous side effects, largely depend on their effects upon the cardiac action potential. AADs can be broadly grouped according to their cellular actions, upon which their clinical effects depend. However, there is substantial cross-over amongst the groups in terms of these actions and efficacy for particular arrhythmias, and also for side effects. Amiodarone exhibits a broad spectrum of antiarrhythmic activity and is often the most useful AAD for the critically-ill patient where short-term use reduces concerns relating to toxic side effects associated with chronic administration. However, each of the other available AADs have their uses for particular scenarios in the critically-ill patient, although attention needs to be paid to comorbidities to attenuate the risk of adverse response. AADs are pro-arryhthmic in 5-10% of patients with potential lethal consequences, and the use of AADs in the critically-ill patient should be considered very carefully as correction of the underlying substrate may be sufficient in some circumstances to resolve the index arryhthmia.
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Tombetti, Enrico y Justin C. Mason. Pathophysiology of vasculitis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755777.003.0017.
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Vasculitis represents a spectrum of disorders that are often divided on the basis of the predominant vessel size affected into large-, medium- and small-vessel vasculitides. This chapter will focus on the pathogenesis of the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated medium- and small-vessel vasculitides (AAV), and large-vessel vasculitis, Takayasu arteritis, and giant cell arteritis. Underlying pathogenic mechanisms in vasculitis remain to be fully understood. In particular, the initiating event(s) are not known. A combination of infectious or other environmental triggers on a susceptible genetic background is currently favoured. In addition to the vessel size affected, the mechanisms of vascular injury vary. Moreover, extravascular granulomatosis may play an important role in disease manifestations. The innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to its pathogenesis. Although pathogenic antibodies have not been identified in large-vessel vasculitis, ANCA are directly implicated in small- and medium-vessel AAV. Disease manifestations are varied and diverse and may include arterial stenosis or aneurysms, glomerulonephritis and renal failure, gastro-intestinal, pulmonary, cutaneous, and neurological complications, visual disturbance, deafness, and nasal bridge collapse. Life-threatening cardiovascular disease is also seen, with myocarditis, pericarditis, valvular heart disease, thrombosis, systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and accelerated coronary heart disease all reported. Despite this, the prognosis for patients with vasculitis has improved significantly in recent decades. Further understanding of the pathogenesis of vasculitis will lead to the discovery of further therapeutic targets and novel, safer biologic therapies.
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Alchi, Bassam y David Jayne. The patient with antiphospholipid syndrome with or without lupus. Editado por Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0164.
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Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent arterial or venous thrombosis and/or pregnancy loss, accompanied by laboratory evidence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), namely anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), lupus anticoagulant (LA), and antibodies directed against beta-2 glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1). APS may occur as a ‘primary’ form, ‘antiphospholipid syndrome,’ without any known systemic disease or may occur in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ‘SLE-related APS’. APS may affect any organ system and displays a broad spectrum of thrombotic manifestations, ranging from isolated lower extremity deep vein thrombosis to the ‘thrombotic storm’ observed in catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Less frequently, patients present with non-thrombotic manifestations (e.g. thrombocytopaenia, livedo reticularis, pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease, chorea, and recurrent fetal loss).The kidney is a major target organ in both primary and SLE-related APS. Renal involvement is typically caused by thrombosis occurring at any location within the renal vasculature, leading to diverse effects, depending on the size, type, and site of vessel involved. The renal manifestations of APS include renal artery stenosis and/or renovascular hypertension, renal infarction, APS nephropathy (APSN), renal vein thrombosis, allograft vasculopathy and vascular thrombosis, and thrombosis of dialysis access.Typical vascular lesions of APSN may be acute, the so-called thrombotic microangiopathy, and/or chronic, such as arteriosclerosis, fibrous intimal hyperplasia, tubular thyroidization, and focal cortical atrophy. The spectrum of renal lesions includes non-thrombotic conditions, such as glomerulonephritis. Furthermore, renal manifestations of APS may coexist with other pathologies, especially proliferative lupus nephritis.Early diagnosis of APS requires a high degree of clinical suspicion. The diagnosis requires one clinical (vascular thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity) and at least one laboratory (LA, aCL, and/or anti-β2GP1) criterion, positive on repeated testing.The aetiology of APS is not known. Although aPL are diagnostic of, and pathogenic in, APS, a ‘second hit’ (usually an inflammatory event) may trigger thrombosis in APS. The pathogenesis of the thrombotic tendency in APS remains to be elucidated, but may involve a combination of autoantibody-mediated dysregulation of coagulation, platelet activation, and endothelial injury.Treatment of APS remains centred on anticoagulation; however, it has also included the use of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive therapy. The prognosis of patients with primary APS is variable and unpredictable. The presence of APS increases morbidity (renal and cerebral) and mortality of SLE patients.
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Duckworth, Douglas, Abraham Vélez de Cea y Elizabeth J. Harris, eds. Buddhist Responses to Religious Diversity: Theravāda and Tibetan Perspectives. Equinox Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isbn.9781781799048.
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Is it true that Buddhists are tolerant of other religions? To what extent are Buddhists tolerant? Is nirvana held to be attainable through Buddhism alone? If so, through which Buddhist tradition? Buddhist Responses to Religious Diversity approaches these questions and others from perspectives representing Theravādin and Tibetan traditions of Buddhism. Buddhist attitudes toward other religious traditions (and its own) are unquestionably diverse, and have undergone changes throughout historical eras and geographic spaces, as Buddhists, and traditions Buddhists have encountered, continue to change (after all, all conditioned things are impermanent). The present time is a particularly dynamic moment to take stock of Buddhist attitudes toward religious others, as Buddhist identities are being renegotiated in unprecedented ways in our increasingly globalized age. This volume brings together a spectrum of views that are not often found side-by-side or in a meaningful dialogue with each other. It breaks new ground to further understanding and constructive encounters across Buddhist traditions and between other religious traditions and Buddhists.
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Rensmann, Thilo, ed. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in International Economic Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795650.001.0001.
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While international trade and investment is still dominated by larger multinational enterprises (MNEs), small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly reaching out beyond their traditional domestic habitat. A significant number of SMEs today are engaged in transboundary trade and investment and in the wake of the digital revolution the phenomenon of ‘born global’ SMEs can be increasingly observed. In addition, many SMEs enter the global economy indirectly via global value chains. International economic law, with its traditional focus on MNEs and their interests, is only slowly waking up to this new reality. At the same time, it is increasingly recognized that the internationalization of SMEs provides the key to creating more sustainable and inclusive global economic growth. The 2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals, for example, expressly call for the facilitation of increased access for SMEs to international trade and investment. This book undertakes a first attempt at systematically analysing the interaction between SMEs and international economic law. The analysis covers a broad spectrum of international trade and investment law focusing on issues of particular interest to SMEs, such as trade in services, government procurement, and trade facilitation. Salient regional and transregional developments are taken into account, including the implications of the TPP and the TTIP negotiations for SMEs. Close attention is also devoted to the concern of many states that further liberalization of international trade and investment would unduly restrict the regulatory space necessary to protect and promote the legitimate interests of domestic SMEs.
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Ray, Sumantra (Shumone), Sue Fitzpatrick, Rajna Golubic, Susan Fisher y Sarah Gibbings, eds. Monitoring. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608478.003.0013.
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This chapter discusses the role and responsibilities of monitors/CRAs seeking to improve awareness of their role in a global industry becoming more and more technologically focused. How the role is changing through the introduction of risk based monitoring. Often the only liaison between the Sponsor and each study site, CRAs are crucial to the successful completion of a clinical trial and need to be armed with appropriate knowledge and training to conduct their visits. Successful monitoring requires experience, people skills, management ability and knowledge – of the protocol, CRFs, study drug/device, therapeutic area, regulations and SOPs. In this chapter this spectrum of roles and responsibilities is presented in a concise and understandable format. Questions such as: What type of person makes a good monitor? EDC and/or paper? How – and how often – to monitor? are addressed. There are helpful tips and strategies on a variety of topics, notably preparing a monitoring plan; how to identify and assess potential investigators; preparing for a Study Initiation Visit; eCRFs and remote monitoring; thorough Source Data Verification; how to report monitoring visits plus example checklists associated with site visits and review of the Investigator Site File. The guidance provided in this chapter should help CRAs perform their essential role in encouraging good, high quality research - and provide an insight into the CRA role to those whose work is being monitored.
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Foley, Barbara. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038440.003.0009.
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This introductory chapter proposes that African American poet Jean Toomer's 1923 masterwork (Cane) cannot be understood apart from the upsurge of postwar antiracist political radicalism and its aftermath. Toomer does not enthuse about America as the site of cultural pluralism or future racial amalgamation; rather, it is victory in the class struggle against capitalism and imperialism that will put an end to racial division. The violent class struggles that signaled 1919 as a possible revolutionary conjuncture, coupled with the compensatory ideological paradigms adopted by various political actors and cultural producers as insurgency devolved into quietism, supply not just the context, but the formative matrix, from which Toomer's text emerged. The expectations and desires that were aroused and then quashed in the wake of the Great War and the Russian Revolution constitute a spectre haunting the world of Cane.
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Cantor, Paul A. Pop Culture and the Dark Side of the American Dream. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177304.001.0001.
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What is the American dream, and why has it proven so elusive for many people? By examining popular culture’s portrayal of the dark side of the American dream, this book seeks to answer these questions. Only when we see people fail in their pursuit of the American dream do we begin to understand its limitations and its inner contradictions. This book explores five representative examples of the American dream gone awry: (1) Huckleberry Finn; (2) the films of W. C. Fields; (3) the Godfather films;(4) Breaking Bad; and (5) The Walking Dead (and other “end-of-the-world” narratives). As these cases suggest, America, as the fresh-start nation, always threatens to become the land of the false start. America gives its people the freedom to reinvent themselves, but that easily turns into a license to imposture. The American ideal of the self-made man is shadowed by the specter of the con man, and the line between legitimate business and criminal activity sometimes becomes hard to draw clearly. Although the American dream is to achieve success in both family and business, the Godfather films and Breaking Bad show these goals tragically at odds. With its Hollywood endings, American popular culture is often thought to be naively optimistic; this book demonstrates that film and television creators have been capable of raising thoughtful questions about the validity and viability of the American dream, thus deepening our understanding of America itself.
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Brundin, Abigail, Deborah Howard y Mary Laven. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816553.003.0001.
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The importance of the Italian Renaissance home as a fundamental unit of society and a dynamic site of cultural activity is often acknowledged. This book turns instead to consider the religious dimensions of domestic life. The introduction discusses the pre-existing scholarship out of which The Sacred Home has grown, paying particular attention to the divergent historiographies relating to the early modern household in Protestant and Catholic Europe. Here the rationale behind the chronological and geographical framework of the book is explained, and the nature of its interdisciplinary approach is outlined. By drawing on a wide range of textual, visual, and material sources, The Sacred Home explores domestic devotion across the spectrum of Italian Renaissance society.
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Hall-Ellis, Sylvia D., Stacey L. Bowers, Christopher Hudson, Claire Williamson y Joanne Patrick. Librarian’s Handbook for Seeking, Writing, and Managing Grants. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400678790.
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Learn the dynamics of the grant-seeking process, including proposal writing and grant management, for public, school, and academic librarians. A comprehensive book that covers the full spectrum of the grant process, Librarian’s Handbook for Seeking, Writing, and Managing Grants is designed to provide all the information necessary for librarians and educators to become effective members of grant-development and management teams. Written in an easy-to-understand, succinct format, it will be invaluable even for those with little or no background knowledge and regardless of the size or type of library or information center. Recognizing that grants are developed through a sequential process, the volume focuses on the fundamental components of grant planning, grant writing, and grant management. Readers will learn to identify potential federal and state funding sources, organize and manage the proposal development process, do research, and establish and encourage participation on local development teams. They will also learn about specific aspects of grant management, such as budget and finance monitoring; hiring; research compliance and policies; sub-agreements and partnership forms; and reporting requirements.
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Doyle, Jeffrey D. y John C. Marshall. Intra-abdominal sepsis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0187.
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Intra-abdominal infection encompasses a broad group of infections arising both within the peritoneal cavity and the retroperitoneum. The probable bacteriology reflects patterns of normal and pathological colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. Anaerobic bacteria are found in the distal small bowel and colon. The abdomen is the second most common site of infection leading to sepsis in critically-ill patients. Intra-abdominal infections can be complex to manage and require excellent collaboration between intensivists, diagnostic and interventional radiologists, surgeons, and sometimes gastroenterologists and infectious disease specialists. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial coverage and timely source control are the cornerstones of successful management. The spectrum of pathologic conditions responsible for intra-abdominal infection is broad, although some common biological features facilitate an understanding of their diagnosis and management.