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Prakash, Piyush Martin Alain J. "Slack matching /". Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2005. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05272005-134017.
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Wilbs, Tobias y Pontus Hult. "Slack på mellanchefsnivå : Ger budgetstramhet och budgetdelaktighet önskade effekter på slack?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13999.
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The function of budgetary controls is to control the resource allocation within companies. It can also be an instrument for measure and control subordinates and/or business units’ performance (Van der Stede 2001). This paper concerns the latter; when the budgetary control function is used to measure and control subordinates performance based on budget. Previous research in this area has not yet accomplished to explain the effects of tight budgetary control which Hartman (2000) considers as the main issue to be concerned about in management accounting research. Previous research has presented contradictory findings regarding tight budgetary control explained by positive effects as well as negative effects during the last decades. Further, these findings provide us with contradictory results in which budget participation is initiating intended effects or unintended effects such as budgetary slack. With this in mind we have invented a model including these variables, intended to find the context and effects. This study includes subordinates from different companies within Sweden and it is based upon a self-completion survey. Our intention with this paper is to present an explanation according to budgetary slack. The result shows that tight budgetary control does affect the degree of slack as well as participation do. Further, we present evidence that high participation moderates the effect of tight budgetary control on slack.
3
Cakir, M. Selim. "A cognitive approach to organizational slack : development and validation of the Attitudes Towards Slack Resources Questionnaire (ATSRQ)". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98837/.
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This thesis integrates the cognitive modelling perspective into the literature on organizational slack by developing and validating a questionnaire-based instrument which measures managers’ attitudes towards slack resources. The literature is deeply polarized regarding the role played by slack in organizations. Researchers debate whether organizational slack is a sure sign of inefficiency in the workplace or a necessary cost to enhance the competitiveness of firms. Empirical studies have not been able to resolve this conceptual debate as the results are highly diverse. In order to explain conflicting empirical findings, scholars have made untested assumptions about the interaction between organizational slack and managerial psychology. However, despite repeated calls, managerial cognition regarding organizational slack remains a black box in empirical studies. This thesis addresses this shortfall in the literature by developing a new measurement instrument which reveals managers’ attitudes towards slack resources. The instrument, i.e. the Attitudes Towards Slack Resources Questionnaire (ATSRQ), consists of three five-item subscales reflecting attitudes towards HR, financial, and physical slack and a combined higher-order scale measuring overall attitudes towards slack. It is developed and validated by means of a rigorous and systematic paradigm. The psychometric properties of the ATSRQ are assessed with five empirical studies which provide evidence for the internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity of the ATSRQ. Results of the empirical studies suggest that managers’ attitudes towards slack resources are related to some key organizational phenomena, such as managers’ trust in employees. The results also reveal that managerial attitudes towards slack resources predict various employee-related outcomes, including leader-member exchange, perceived organizational support, work autonomy, access to resources, and decision latitude. The thesis concludes with a discussion of results, as well as limitations and future research directions.
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Niven, Anthony Miles. "Organisational slack and industry level executive discretion". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/18367/1/Anthony_Niven_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the associations between organisational slack, that pool of actual or potential cushion of resources of an organisation, and executive discretion - the executives’ latitude for strategic action.
Bourgeois and Singh (1983), George (2005), Sharfman et al. (1988) and Sharma (2000) have referred to slack as having a discretionary dimension because its ‘ease of recovery’ varies depending on where it is gained from. For the obverse of this association, slack contributes to resource availability in the task environment and therefore executive discretion (Hambrick & Finkelstein, 1987). However until now, this bi-direction association has been largely unexplored empirically. This thesis contributes to both fields by bringing them together to examine and measure aspects of these interactions.
These constructs are applied to the annual reports of U.S. firms by measuring industry level discretion using content analysis of presidents’ letters to shareholders and industry average slack using financial ratios. Correlations show that industries with higher levels of slack enjoy greater industry level discretion. However the associations between slack types and industry level discretion are not uniform suggesting that the discretionary dimension of slack is influenced by the task environment and industry context. The present study replicated Keegan and Kabanoff’s (2007) method to examine slack within industries but could not extend their results to available and recoverable slack, which suggest a curvilinear relationship between potential slack and executive discretion.
The limited sub-industry results offer opportunity for further research as does the idea of applying the same research question to the organisational and individual level studies of different cohorts of firms and industries. Future efforts should also improve the measurement of the slack construct.
5
Niven, Anthony Miles. "Organisational slack and industry level executive discretion". Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/18367/.
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This thesis examines the associations between organisational slack, that pool of actual or potential cushion of resources of an organisation, and executive discretion - the executives’ latitude for strategic action.
Bourgeois and Singh (1983), George (2005), Sharfman et al. (1988) and Sharma (2000) have referred to slack as having a discretionary dimension because its ‘ease of recovery’ varies depending on where it is gained from. For the obverse of this association, slack contributes to resource availability in the task environment and therefore executive discretion (Hambrick & Finkelstein, 1987). However until now, this bi-direction association has been largely unexplored empirically. This thesis contributes to both fields by bringing them together to examine and measure aspects of these interactions.
These constructs are applied to the annual reports of U.S. firms by measuring industry level discretion using content analysis of presidents’ letters to shareholders and industry average slack using financial ratios. Correlations show that industries with higher levels of slack enjoy greater industry level discretion. However the associations between slack types and industry level discretion are not uniform suggesting that the discretionary dimension of slack is influenced by the task environment and industry context. The present study replicated Keegan and Kabanoff’s (2007) method to examine slack within industries but could not extend their results to available and recoverable slack, which suggest a curvilinear relationship between potential slack and executive discretion.
The limited sub-industry results offer opportunity for further research as does the idea of applying the same research question to the organisational and individual level studies of different cohorts of firms and industries. Future efforts should also improve the measurement of the slack construct.
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Cleary, W. Sean. "The relationship between firm investment and financial slack". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35126.pdf.
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Mousa, Fariss-Terry. "When do slack resources impact new venture success?" Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/F_Mousa_042309.pdf.
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Chiraphadhanakul, Virot. "Routing and scheduling models for robust allocation of slack". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61571.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center; and, (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-144).
A myriad of uncontrollable factors in airline operations make delays and disruptions unavoidable. Most conventional scheduling models, however, ignore the presence of uncertainties in actual operations in order to limit the complexity of the problem. This leads to schedules that are prone to delays and disruptions. As a result, there has been wide interest recently in building robustness into airline schedules. In this work, we investigate slack allocation approaches for robust airline schedule planning. In particular, we propose three models: aircraft re-routing model, flight schedule re-timing model, and block time adjustment model, together with their variants. Using data from an international carrier, we evaluate the impacts of the resulting schedules on various performance metrics, including passenger delays. The results show that minor modifications to an original schedule can significantly improve the overall performance of the schedule. Through empirical results, we provide a comprehensive discussion of model behaviors and how an airline's characteristics can affect the strategy for robust scheduling.
by Virot Chiraphadhanakul.
S.M.in Transportation
S.M.
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Heine, Christian P. "Simulated Response of Degrading Hysteretic Joints With Slack Behavior". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28576.
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A novel, general, numerical model is described that is capable of predicting the load-displacement relationship up to and at failure of multiple-bolt joints in timber of various configurations. The model is not tied to a single input function and bolt holes are permitted to be drilled oversize resulting in a slack system.
The model consists of five parts. A new mathematical hysteresis model describes the stiffness of the individual bolt at each time step increment and accounts for non-linear and slack behavior; a mechanically-based structural stiffness model explains the interaction of one bolt with another bolt within a joint; an analytically-based failure model computes the stresses at each time step and initiates failure if crack length equals fastener spacing; a stochastic routine accounts for material property variation; and a heuristic optimization routine estimates the parameters needed.
The core model is a modified array of differential equations whose solution describes accurate hysteresis shapes for slack systems. Hysteresis parameter identification is carried out by a genetic algorithm routine that searches for the best-fit parameters following evolutionary principles (survival of the fittest). The structural model is a linear spring model. Failure is predicted based on a newly developed 'Displaced-Volume-Method' in conjunction with beam on elastic foundation theory, elastic theory, and a modified Tsai-Wu Failure criterion.
The devised computer model enhances the understanding of the mechanics of multiple-bolt joints in timber, and yields valid predictions of joint response of two-member multiple-bolt joints. This research represents a significant step towards the simulation of structural wood components.Ph. D.
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Zebley, Kathleen Rosa. "God and Liberty: the Life of Charles Wesley Slack". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1603362324341883.
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Blacher, Zak. "Cluster-Slack Retention Characteristics: A Study of the NTFS Filesystem". Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6000.
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This paper explores the statistical properties of microfragment recovery techniques used on NTFS filesystems in the use of digital forensics. A microfragment is the remnant file-data existing in the cluster slack after this file has been overwritten. The total amount of cluster slack is related to the size distribution of the overwriting files as well as to the size of cluster. Experiments have been performed by varying the size distributions of the overwriting files as well as the cluster sizes of the partition. These results are then compared with existing analytical models.
FIVES
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Smith, Russell J. "Alternating taut-slack dynamics of a vertically tethered subsea unit". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248870.
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Seward, Domingos Guerreiro. "Measuring labour market slack in Portugal : an outcome-based approach". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17293.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraO presente artigo fornece um estudo extensivo da heterogeneidade no mercado de trabalho português. Utilizam-se microdados referentes ao Inquérito ao Emprego cobrindo um ciclo económico completo, desde 1998:1 a 2018:1, para avaliar a ligação ao mercado de trabalho de vários estados de trabalho e analisam-se as alocações mais apropriadas de indivíduos entre estados. Simultaneamente, avalia-se a adequação dos critérios de classificação de desemprego convencionais. É adoptada uma classificação de estados de mercado de trabalho com base na evidência das transições entre estados. Para o efeito, aplicam-se modelos multinomiais e binários logit para os determinantes das transições, com vista a testar a equivalência entre grupos de não-emprego. Conclui-se que o mercado de trabalho português é caracterizado pela existência de considerável heterogeneidade, tanto entre como dentro dos convencionais estados de não-emprego. Em particular, a evidência aponta para que o grupo de indivíduos em inactividade que expressam desejo em trabalhar constitui um estado distinto no mercado de trabalho, exibindo um comportamento de transição mais próximo do desemprego do que do grupo de indivíduos em inactividade que não expressa desejo em trabalhar. Os resultados também indicam que a classificação enquanto inactivos de indivíduos que pretendem emprego mas que não procuram por razões de espera, os indivíduos em inactividade que procuram trabalho e os indivíduos que têm um emprego para iniciar daí a mais de três meses pode não ser a mais adequada, considerando que estes exibem substancial ligação ao mercado de trabalho e se rejeita a sua equivalência para com os seus pares.
This paper provides a comprehensive study of the heterogeneity in the Portuguese labour market. We use rich Labour Force Survey (LFS) microdata covering a complete business cycle, from 1998:1 to 2018:1, to evaluate the labour market attachment of several labour states and assess the most suitable allocation of individuals across statuses. In addition, we evaluate the adequacy of the conventional unemployment criteria. We apply an outcome-based categorisation of labour market status by exploiting the information on the results of the behaviour of non-employed persons. To that end, we employ multinomial and binary logit models of the determinants of transitions of workers to test for the equivalence between non-employed groups. Overall, we conclude that heterogeneity is an evident feature of the Portuguese labour market, both between and within the conventional non-employment states. In particular, we find that the status comprising those inactive workers which want work constitutes a distinct state in the labour market and displays a transition behaviour closer to unemployment than to the group of inactive workers which do not want work. Moreover, the classification as inactive workers of individuals which report "waiting" as a reason for not having searched for a job, those individuals who have searched for a job but are still considered to be out-of-the-labour-force, as well as those individuals which are due to start work in more than three months might not be reasonable, since they show considerable attachment to the labour market and we reject the pooling of such states with their counterparts.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Panzano, Phyllis C. "The influence of frame and slack on organizational risk taking /". The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148778086540679.
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Prakash, Piyush Martin Alain J. Martin Alain J. "Throughput optimization of quasi delay insensitive circuits via slack matching /". Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2008. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05262008-234258.
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Acharya, Subrata. "A dynamic slack management technique for real-time distributed embedded systems". Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3173.
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This work presents a novel slack management technique, the Service Rate Based Slack Distribution Technique, for dynamic real-time distributed embedded systems targeting the reduction and management of energy consumption. Energy minimization is critical for devices such as laptop computers, PCS telephones, PDAs and other mobile and embedded computing systems simply because it leads to extended battery lifetime. Such systems being power hungry rely greatly upon the system design and algorithms for processing, slack and power management. This work presents an effcient dynamic slack management scheme for an energy aware design of such systems. The proposed Service Rate Based Slack Distribution Technique has been considered with two static(FCFS, WRR) and two dynamic(EDF, RBS) scheduling schemes used most commonly in distributed systems. A fault tolerance mechanism has also been incorporated into the proposed technique inorder to use the available dynamic slack to maintain checkpoints and provide for rollbacks on faults. Results show that in comparion to contemporary techniques, the proposed Service Rate Based Slack Distribution Technique provides for about 29% more perfor-mance/overhead savings when validated with real world and random benchmarks.
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Pappas, Christina A. "AN ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE-IMPRESSED CERAMICS FROM SLACK FARM (15UN28), KENTUCKY". UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/552.
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This thesis represents a study of textile-impressed ceramics from Slack Farm, a Late Mississippian Caborn-Welborn phase site in Union County, Kentucky. The goal of this study was to use the textile impressions to provide additional insight into Caborn-Welborn social organization. The Caborn-Welborn phase represents the reconfiguration of communities in the Lower Ohio River Valley after the collapse of the Angel chiefdom and other nearby Mississippian polities. Results indicate that there was an increase in textile structural variation in the fabric used for the impressions at Slack Farm and other Caborn-Welborn sites from earlier Mississippian assemblages. Increased textile structural variation may be associated with the reconfiguring of the Caborn-Welborn social organization during this phase. Textile types associated with Oneota tribal groups were also identified at Slack Farm and suggest Oneota women were in residence at the site. Textile patterns assumed to be associated with an elite status were not identified in this study. Overall, the textile-impressed assemblage reflects the response of weavers to changes in the Caborn-Welborn social organization.
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Imran, Naveed. "Autonomous Recovery of Reconfigurable Logic Devices using Priority Escalation of Slack". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5949.
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Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices offer a suitable platform for survivable hardware architectures in mission-critical systems. In this dissertation, active dynamic redundancy-based fault-handling techniques are proposed which exploit the dynamic partial reconfiguration capability of SRAM-based FPGAs. Self-adaptation is realized by employing reconfiguration in detection, diagnosis, and recovery phases.
To extend these concepts to semiconductor aging and process variation in the deep submicron era, resilient adaptable processing systems are sought to maintain quality and throughput requirements despite the vulnerabilities of the underlying computational devices. A new approach to autonomous fault-handling which addresses these goals is developed using only a uniplex hardware arrangement. It operates by observing a health metric to achieve Fault Demotion using Reconfigurable Slack (FaDReS). Here an autonomous fault isolation scheme is employed which neither requires test vectors nor suspends the computational throughput, but instead observes the value of a health metric based on runtime input. The deterministic flow of the fault isolation scheme guarantees success in a bounded number of reconfigurations of the FPGA fabric.
FaDReS is then extended to the Priority Using Resource Escalation (PURE) online redundancy scheme which considers fault-isolation latency and throughput trade-offs under a dynamic spare arrangement. While deep-submicron designs introduce new challenges, use of adaptive techniques are seen to provide several promising avenues for improving resilience. The scheme developed is demonstrated by hardware design of various signal processing circuits and their implementation on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA device. These include a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) core, Motion Estimation (ME) engine, Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) blocks in addition to MCNC benchmark circuits. A significant reduction in power consumption is achieved ranging from 83% for low motion-activity scenes to 12.5% for high motion activity video scenes in a novel ME engine configuration. For a typical benchmark video sequence, PURE is shown to maintain a PSNR baseline near 32dB. The diagnosability, reconfiguration latency, and resource overhead of each approach is analyzed. Compared to previous alternatives, PURE maintains a PSNR within a difference of 4.02dB to 6.67dB from the fault-free baseline by escalating healthy resources to higher-priority signal processing functions. The results indicate the benefits of priority-aware resiliency over conventional redundancy approaches in terms of fault-recovery, power consumption, and resource-area requirements. Together, these provide a broad range of strategies to achieve autonomous recovery of reconfigurable logic devices under a variety of constraints, operating conditions, and optimization criteria.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
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Youn, Kyung II. "ORGANIZATIONAL SLACK, EFFICIENCY, AND QUALITY OF CARE IN ACUTE CARE HOSPITALS". VCU Scholars Compass, 1995. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5059.
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The relationship between technical efficiency and quality of care in hospitals is studied in the context of resource availability in hospital organizations. The resource availability of hospitals is conceptualized by organizational slack.
An integrated model is developed encompassing the source of organizational slack, its impact on technical efficiency and on quality of care, and its impact on the relationship between efficiency and quality. Organizational threat as an environmental factor affecting the level of slack is measured by the level of competition and regulation. Organizational slack is measured using financial and operational indicators of the hospitals. Technical efficiency is estimated by efficiency "scores generated using the Data Envelopment Analysis. Mortality rates of Medicare patients are used as the proxy for quality of care in individual hospitals.
The sample is composed of 832 urban, not-for-profit hospitals in the United States. The data are compiled from the Health Care Finance Administration data set and the American Hospitals Association annual survey data set. Hypotheses are tested using ordinary least squares regression and logistic regression.
The analysis reveals that the level of and change in organizational slack have a negative relationship with efficiency and a positive relationship with quality of care. The results also indicate that environmental threat has a negative effect on level of slack, and efficiency has a negative effect on quality of care.
The findings are discussed in terms of the theoretical implications for the concept of organizational slack and the implications for health policy and hospital management.
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Prathipati, Rajesh Babu. "Energy efficient scheduling techniques for real-time embedded systems". Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/194.
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Battery-powered portable embedded systems have been widely used in many applications. These embedded systems have to concurrently perform a multitude of complex tasks under stringent time constraints. As these systems become more complex and incorporate more functionality, they became more power-hungry. Thus, reducing power consumption and extending battery lifespan while guaranteeing the timing constraints has became a critical aspect in designing such systems. This gives rise to three aspects of research: (i) Guaranteeing the execution of the hard real-time tasks by their deadlines, (ii) Determining the minimum voltage under which each task can be executed, and (iii) Techniques to take advantage of run-time variations in the execution times of tasks. In this research, we present techniques that address the above aspects in single and multi processor embedded systems. We study the performance of the proposed techniques on various benchmarks in terms of energy savings.
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Richtnér, Anders. "Balancing knowledge creation : examining organizational slack and knowledge creation in product development". Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Management av Innovation och Produktion (T), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-533.
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Over the last few years there has been a downturn in business. As a response, many companies have initiated various downsizing activities – often on a short-term financial basis – in order to improve the competitive position of the company. Yet, at the same time, innovation is often cited as the key to long-term success by the very same companies. The central problem examined in this book is whether downsizing and innovation are compatible. The problem was studied during a two year exploratory case research in six cases – selected from a well-defined reference population consisting of 37 companies – facing the exact challenge of simultaneously downsizing and trying to sustain its high level of innovation. The simple answer found in the study is yes. Companies can simultaneously downsize and still maintain a high level of innovation, but it is difficult and challenging and it depends on the company’s ability to handle the knowledge creation process. So what is needed? Create an understanding in the company, at all levels, that balancing knowledge creation – the ability to share and transfer knowledge – is one of the most important tasks in order to remain innovative over time. This is done by building a commitment to knowledge creation. This commitment is achieved through making knowledge creation a visible and central element of the strategic intent, and organizing the company so that ideas can be generated and generalized. Examples of activities include: At an organizational level there is a need to create boundary spanning activities to facilitate knowledge creation between various part of the organization, but also to other organizations. At a top management level shared visions and values need to be created; exemplified in words and action. Important is that the top management not get involved into micro-management. Avoid cutting-down on initial activities – where visualization and brainstorming are in focus – in projects aiming for innovation, as these activities are the foundations the rest of the project. This book is useful for those who are faced with the challenge of finding a balance between short-term activities, often focusing on downsizing, and the more long-term activity of being innovative.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2004
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Levine, Joshua M. "Online timing slack measurement and its application in field-programmable gate arrays". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24790.
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Reliability, power consumption and timing performance are key concerns for today's integrated circuits. Measurement techniques capable of quantifying the timing characteristics of a circuit, while it is operating, facilitate a range of benefits. Delay variation due to environmental and operational conditions, and degradation can be monitored by tracking changes in timing performance. Using the measurements in a closed-loop to control power supply voltage or clock frequency allows for the reduction of timing safety margins, leading to improvements in power consumption or throughput performance through the exploitation of better-than worst-case operation. This thesis describes a novel online timing slack measurement method which can directly measure the timing performance of a circuit, accurately and with minimal overhead. Enhancements allow for the improvement of absolute accuracy and resolution. A compilation flow is reported that can automatically instrument arbitrary circuits on FPGAs with the measurement circuitry. On its own this measurement method is able to track the "health" of an integrated circuit, from commissioning through its lifetime, warning of impending failure or instigating pre-emptive degradation mitigation techniques. The use of the measurement method in a closed-loop dynamic voltage and frequency scaling scheme has been demonstrated, achieving significant improvements in power consumption and throughput performance.
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Adomako, Samuel, M. Ahsan, J. Amankwah-Amoah, A. Danso, K. Kesse y K. Frimpong. "Corruption and SME growth: the role of institutional networking and financial slack". Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18359.
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YesIn this study, we investigate the mediating effect of institutional networking on the relationship between perceived corruption and the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We also examine the moderating impact of financial slack on the relationship between perceived corruption and institutional networking. We test our moderated mediation model using data from 212 SMEs operating in Ghana. The findings from the study show that perceived corruption is positively related to institutional networking and this relationship is amplified when levels of financial slack are greater. The findings also show that institutional networking positively mediates the relationship between perceived corruption and SME growth. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Adomako, Samuel, M. Ahsan, J. Amankwah-Amoah, A. Danso, K. Kesse y K. Frimpong. "Corruption and SME growth: the roles of institutional networking and financial slack". Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18359.
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YesIn this study, we investigate the mediating effect of institutional networking on the relationship between perceived corruption and the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We also examine the moderating impact of financial slack on the relationship between perceived corruption and institutional networking. We test our moderated mediation model using data from 212 SMEs operating in Ghana. The findings from the study show that perceived corruption is positively related to institutional networking and this relationship is amplified when levels of financial slack are greater. The findings also show that institutional networking positively mediates the relationship between perceived corruption and SME growth. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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SHARFMAN, MARK PHILLIP. "ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURE, ORGANIZATIONAL BUFFERS AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS MODEL (SLACK)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188130.
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This dissertation addresses questions concerning slack's nature and its relationships with the environment and performance. The research investigates which view of slack (the operations or behavioral approach) best predicts performance. It examines the relationship of environment and slack using both interaction and mediation models. The PIMS database was used for 610 assembly manufacturing firms. The results support both the behavioral and the operations perspectives. This combined view suggests that slack capacity is optimized to improve sales while being minimized to improve profits. Excess inventory is minimized to improve sales but optimized to improve average ROS. In all cases, excess cash is minimized. In all equations, the slack variables entered the equations as costs. These results also support the argument that slack interacts with the environment rather than being in a functional relationship with it. Interaction terms of the slack types and the environment were significant in predicting sales. A mediation model was also tested but had a poorer fit with the data. Slack was found to be a multi-dimensional concept. The slack variables did not all intercorrelate positively. The negative relationships suggest that management makes decisions as when to use each slack resource. The slack variables (when lagged) had significant effects on each other, but not on performance. This indicates that the time horizon for slack may be shorter than was investigated in this research. The research demonstrated that slack inventory and non-slack supply buffers were negatively related. The conditions under which the firm trades slack for other buffering mechanisms were not clear. Predicted positive relationships between size and slack were found except that excess capacity and size were negatively related. This suggests that larger firms were holding slack in ways that are more discretionary and less obvious to their control systems. What is not clear from this research are the conditions under which management will choose a specific type of slack. In one case (excess working capital), technology predicts the level of this variable. Additional research is suggested to determine how, when and where these decisions are made.
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Rhymes, Jennifer. "The fate and impact of groundwater nitrogen contamination on dune slack ecology". Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-fate-and-impact-of-groundwater-nitrogen-contamination-on-dune-slack-ecology(d164cdbb-96c4-4ae0-a5fd-9cfd86b7b4b4).html.
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Nordström, Niklas. "Organizational culture in Slack : The relationship between organizational culture and digital collaboration tools". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72399.
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The purpose of this study was toexplore organizational culture in a digital context, so that a greater understanding of the relations between the two subjects could be developed. The interest for the subject came from reflections and observations obtained during a prior internship at a small organization using the digital collaboration platform Slack in their daily work. To answer the purpose of the study, one main research question; ‘What is the relationship between organizational culture and a digital communication platform as Slack?’ and two sub questions; ‘How is Slack used to solve problems with internal integration? and ‘How is Slack used to solve problems with external adaption?’ was formulated. The two sub questions came from an operationalization of Schein’s (2010, p.18) well used definition of organizational culture. By using the qualitative method netnography to study the behaviors and interactions of the members of a small organization through participating observations, in combination with the field notes and observations from the prior internship, the research questions were successfully answered. The results showed that Slack was used as a tool to maintain structure and order during problems with external adaption in form of a re-organization creating an unsecure time-period. Decrement in activity also showed that the usage of Slack was limited in time and easily could be exchanged, but that appreciated cultural rites and behaviors created from using it could live on outside of Slack. Results also showed that Slack successfully functioned as a tool to solve problems with internal integration. By allowing new members to efficiently come in contact with both the formal and informal cultural elements, the very essence of culture as in underlying assumptions was quickly taught. The efficiency of using Slack for internal integration was also shown to rely on a new possible problem in form of a disintegration between the private and work. The answer to the main research question was that Slack is an artifact, inhabiting other artifact, living in symbiosis with the organization. Even though Slack could help an organization to cope with problems of external adaption and internal integration, Slack on its own did not serve as a one single place for understanding and becoming a part of an organization and its culture, as the organization and culture still will live and develop outside of the digital medium.Syftet med den här studien var att utforska organisationskultur i en digital miljö, så att en ökad förståelse för de två ämnena kunde utvecklas. Intresset för ämnet kom från observationer och reflektioner införskaffade under en tidigare praktik på en mindre organisation som använde den digitala plattformen Slack i sitt dagliga arbete. För att besvara syftet med studien formulerades en huvudsaklig forskningsfråga; ’Vad är relationen mellan organisationskultur och en digital plattform som Slack?’, och två sekundära frågor; ’Hur används Slack som lösning för problem med intern integration?’, och ’Hur används Slack för att lösa problem med extern anpassning?’. De sekundära frågorna kom från en operationalisering av Scheins (2010, p.18) väl använda definition av organisationskultur. Den kvalitativa metoden netnografi användes för att studera beteende och interaktioner mellan medlemmarna i en mindre organisation. Genom deltagande observationer i kombination med fältanteckningar och observationer från den tidigare praktiken kunde forskningsfrågorna framgångsrikt besvaras. Resultatet visade att Slack användes som ett verktyg för att behålla struktur och ordning under problem med extern anpassning, uppkomna till följd av en omorganisering av företaget. En minskning av aktiviteten i Slack visade att själva användandet av Slack är kopplat till en viss tidsperiod och enkelt kan bytas ut vid förändrat behov, men också att uppskattade beteenden och riter skapade genom användandet av Slack kan leva vidare utanför mediet. Resultatet visade också att Slack framgångsrikt fungerade som ett verktyg för att lösa problem med intern integration. Genom att låta nya medlemmar effektivt komma i kontakt med både formella och informella kulturella element kunde själva essensen av kultur, underliggande förgivettaganden, snabbt läras ut. Effektiviteten av att använda Slack för intern integrering visades också föra med sig ett eget potentiellt problem, en upplösning av gränsen mellan privat och arbete. Svaret på den huvudsakliga forskningsfrågan var att Slack är en artefakt, innehållandes andra artefakter, som lever i symbios med organisationen. Även om Slack kan hjälpa en organisation att hantera problem med extern anpassning och intern integrering, fungerar Slack inte som en ensam källa för att förstå och bli en del av en organisation och dess kultur, eftersom organisationen och dess kultur alltid kommer att leva vidare och utvecklas utanför det digitala mediet.
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Kunz, Alexis H. "Wertorientierte Unternehmenssteuerung. Organizational Slack und Strategische Interaktion : eine spieltheoretische Untersuchung der Cyert/March'schen Vermutung /". Stuttgart : Schäffer-Poeschel, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010492625&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Aguiar, Yuing Guing Ahchi Silva. "The incidence of budgetary slack : three-way interaction in the Macao hotel industry". Thesis, University of Macau, 2003. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636272.
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Bradley, Steven W. "Resources and resourcefulness the role of slack and the environment on entrepreneurial outcomes /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297077.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, 2007.Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 24, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0660. Adviser: Dean A. Shepherd.
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Bowen, Frances E. "Does size matter? : organisational slack and visibility as alternative explanations for environmental responsiveness". Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341644.
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Favero, Marcus Wilson Alves. "Critérios competitivos considerados na aquisição de sementes de milho híbrido na região sul de Goiás". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1484.
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Previous issue date: 2009-06-23The yield of a corn crop is the result of the genetic potential of seeds and planting site conditions, in addition, crop management. The correct choice of the seed may be reason for success or failure of the crop. For the ideal choice of a seed, some criteria should be considered at the time of purchase. An applied research has been conducted with closed questions, which provided the researcher greater knowledge about the research problem. Two hundred (200) farmers were interviewed in the southern State of Goiás, with a questionnaire of seventeen questions relating to the supply of seeds and the degree of importance assigned by customers. The competitive criteria speed, uniformity of germination and emergence of seed purchased (quality of the seed), the fact that the seed has already come treated, availability of seed in the field, on the day and time scheduled for the beginning of the sowing and reliability of the company in relation to commitments are well valued by customers. To identify the company's performance ahead of direct competitors, information were used from the departments of marketing, sales and research of the company, as well as directors and managers of sales of three distributors of seeds (resale) of the region studied. From the analysis of information through the Matrix "Importance - Performance" Slack (2002) adapted by Kohls (2004), it was possible to propose specific strategies for each problem noted with the aim of improving the company's position in the market before their competitors. It suggested a campaign of social marketing for that the customer values the company's performance according to some competitive criteria. It was also emphasized the need to establish partnerships in different departments of the company to solve short-term competitive position of the criteria in the areas of urgent action and improvement.
O rendimento de uma lavoura de milho é resultado do potencial genético da semente e das condições do local de plantio, além do manejo da lavoura. A escolha correta da semente pode ser razão de sucesso ou insucesso da lavoura. Para a escolha de uma semente ideal, alguns critérios devem ser levados em consideração no momento da compra. Foi realizada uma pesquisa aplicada, com perguntas fechadas, que proveu ao pesquisador maior conhecimento sobre seu problema de pesquisa. Foram entrevistados duzentos (200) agricultores da região sul do estado de Goiás, com um questionário de dezessete perguntas relacionadas ao fornecimento de sementes e o grau de importância atribuído pelos clientes.Os critérios competitivos velocidade, uniformidade da germinação e emergência das sementes adquiridas (qualidade da semente), o fato da semente já vir tratada, disponibilidade da semente no campo, no dia e hora marcada para o início da semeadura e a confiabilidade da empresa em relação aos compromissos assumidos são bem valorizados pelos clientes. Para identificar o desempenho da empresa frente aos concorrentes diretos, utilizou-se das informações dos departamentos de marketing, vendas e pesquisas da empresa, bem como de diretores e gerentes de vendas de três distribuidores de sementes (revendas) da região estudada. A partir da análise das informações através da Matriz Importância Desempenho Slack (2002) adaptada por Kohls (2004), foi possível propor estratégias específicas para cada problema observado, com a finalidade de melhorar a posição da empresa no mercado perante seus competidores. Foi sugerida uma campanha de marketing social para que o cliente valorize o desempenho da empresa em relação a alguns critérios competitivos. Também foi ressaltada a necessidade do estabelecimento de parcerias de diferentes departamentos da empresa para a solução em curto prazo dos critérios competitivos posicionados nas zonas de ação urgente e melhoramento.
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Adkins, P. S. "Organisational slack resources, the definitions and consequences for business flexibility and performance : an empirical investigation". Thesis, Aston University, 2005. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10793/.
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Slack resources are recognised to be those spare capabilities and assets of the organisation that are variable reclaimable for re-deployment. They represent under utilised and hidden spare energies within a company that may be recaptured and employed for a variety of tasks. However their positive contribution to organisational success has been a contentious claim that has provoked the intuitive argument that slack resources are inefficiency and are to be eradicated. The counter argument has been that very efficient organisations are inflexible and therefore incapable of being responsive to an increasingly dynamic environment. Therefore this work compares and contrasts three distinctive industries in a holistic manner and maps the impact of environmental flux on the firm, its subsequent disruptive ripples through the organisation and its absorption by slack resources. Through this process it is demonstrated that slack resources do positively contribute to organisational performance and subsequently the ability of slack to promote sustained competitive advantage is also identified. The major findings of this work are listed. 1. This work has developed and perfected a new research model that aids the investigation of the internal behaviours and consequences of Slack Resources. 2. Supported by argument a new variable of Soft Slack was developed. Its validity was demonstrated in its ability to capture the contribution of intangible assets, such as education, experience, spare management time and further training, to the extant levels of Organisational Hard Slack resources. 3. The validity of Soft Slack was further supported when its contribution to organisational Flexibility was also established. 4. The original argument that Slack Resources enhance organisational Performance has been further developed. It is now evidenced that Slack Resources facilitate Organisational Flexibility and by this process enhances Organisational Performance.
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Prakash, Piyush. "Slack Matching". Thesis, 2005. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/2151/1/ms.pdf.
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In this thesis we present a method for slack matching asynchronous circuits, described as a collection of handshaking expansions. We present an execution model for a restricted class of HSE. We define the number of messages that a process contains. The static slack, dynamic slack and dynamic threshold are defined. We state sufficient conditions under which the dynamic slack of a pipeline of half-buffers is the sum of that of the processes comprising the pipeline. The slack matching problem is formulated as that of ensuring that all pipelines and rings in a system can simultaneously contain a number of messages that is no less than the dynamic threshold but no greater than the dynamic slack. We describe an algorithm to formulate the slack matching problem as a mixed integer linear program.
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Weng, Shih-Yao y 翁士堯. "Early Slack and Late Slack Optimization for Incremental Timing Driven Placement". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d483sj.
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碩士國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
105
In the RTL to GDSII VLSI design flow, placement step often plays an important role in timing driven placement problem. Early slack and late slack are mainly discussed in the timing problem during placement stage. In this paper, for the early violation, we move each flip flop with violation to the new location, which is far away from its parent cell. For the late violation, we collect the worst path cell from the late violation flip flop, compute the cost function under the local search windows, and move the cell with violation to the local optimized location. Based on the final experiment comparison with the top three results in ICCAD contest 2015, the overall result of the proposed algorithm in short term is averagely improved by 87.35%, those in long term is averagely improved by 58.7%. Besides early slack, late slack and average bin utilization are all better than the results of the top three winners of CAD contest.
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Zhuo, Shih-Jie y 卓士傑. "Slack Reclamation in Pipelined Schedule". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93636975988042416585.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊網路與多媒體研究所
97
On a heterogeneous multi-core platform, pipelined schedule is an important approach to enhance system performance. However, for several modern applications, they are soft real-time tasks with highly variable execution time. Designing and executing a pipelined schedule for these kinds of tasks becomes an important challenge due to the uncertainty of their execution time. As a result, an efficient approach for scheduling soft real-time tasks without constant execution time is required. In this thesis, we present a scheduling algorithm for scheduling tasks of highly variable execution time in a pipelined schedule. The proposed algorithm employs the reservation-based approach to isolate tasks and provide the guaranteed computing resource. Furthermore, an effective resource utilization in pipelined schedule is achieved by reserving an average-case resource usage for soft real-time tasks with variable execution time. Under the schedule of proposed approach, overrun of soft real-time task is properly handled and redundant context switches are also eliminated by an effective slack reclaiming without interfering others’ guaranteed resource. The effectiveness of proposed algorithm in decreasing deadline miss rate and number of context switch is demonstrated by extensive set of simulations.
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Jhuang, Cheng-Ye y 莊承曄. "Organizational Slack, Growth Logics and Performance". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64252739170924947762.
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碩士國立東華大學
企業管理學系
98
For an organization, both profitability and growth are important goals. Typically, managers will seek external productive opportunities by using organizational slack. Firms will try to use slack resources to pursue growth. In the selection of growth op-portunities, organization may follow market or product expansion to achieve different performance goals. Therefore, this study considers the relationships among organiza-tional slack, growth logics and performance. By using the data during the period of 2003-2007 and selecting 511 publicly traded technology manufactures. The statistical results show like the following: (1)Organizational slack (absorbed slack and unabsorbed slack) have signifi-cantly positive impact on profitability; absorbed slack has positive influence on firm’s growth, unabsorbed slack has not. (2)Market expansion has significantly positive impact on profitability and the growth of the firm. (3)The positive moderation effect of market expansion on organizational slack and profitability are supported; the positive moderation effect of product ex-pansion on organizational slack and growth are not supported. According to our empirical results, we can not only clearly understand the influ-ence of firm’s slack resource on its performance, but also explain what the growth logics the firm should choose and the roles of different growth logics play.
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(5930528), Joseph W. Balazs. "A Forensic Examination of Database Slack". Thesis, 2021.
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This research includes an examination and analysis of the phenomenon of database slack.Database forensics is an underexplored subfield of Digital Forensics, and the lack of research is
becoming more important with every breach and theft of data. A small amount of research exists
in the literature regarding database slack. This exploratory work examined what partial records of
forensic significance can be found in database slack. A series of experiments performed update
and delete transactions upon data in a PostgreSQL database, which created database slack.
Patterns of hexadecimal indicators for database slack in the file system were found and analyzed.
Despite limitations in the experiments, the results indicated that partial records of forensic
significance are found in database slack. Significantly, partial records found in database slack
may aid a forensic investigation of a database breach. The details of the hexadecimal patterns of
the database slack fill in gaps in the literature, the impact of log findings on an investigation was
shown, and complexity aspects back up existing parts of database forensics research. This
research helped to lessen the dearth of work in the area of database forensics as well as database slack.
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Yang, Hsiao-Ping y 楊小萍. "Environment Uncertainty, Budgetary Slack and Firm Performance". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gwep5x.
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碩士中原大學
會計研究所
98
This study examines the impacts of the environment uncertainty and budgetary slack on firm performance using data from one image sensor assembly and testing company. The empirical results show that the environment uncertainty moderates the relationship between cost budgetary slack and future financial performance. Besides, the environment uncertainty moderates the relationship between RD budgetary slack and future financial performance. Last, the environment uncertainty moderates the relationship between RD budgets and future non-financial performance.
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Kuei-Chun, Lin y 林貴春. "The Effect of Budgetary Slack for Customers’". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08043817556231535519.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
會計學系
99
We declaim that when managers facing global competitive in Taiwan’s small and medium businesses. A cost leadership strategy may have the disadvantage of Taiwan’s small and medium businesses. So increasing the relationship with supply chain can be a strong competitive advantage in a global marketplace. So, the research is to investigate that budgetary slack will affect organizational performance by way of customer relationship quality. This paper use budget literature review to set up a hypothesis and questionnaire survey to analyze the research purposes. Through the multiple regressions analysis and path analysis, we invested 220 middle managers in 220 owner firms, which were listed in the Changhua County EMBA association. The collected 151 valid samples are then analyzed using path analysis and hypothesis testing, provide support for these predictions. The findings of this study support our expectation that the positive relationship between budgetary slack and organizational performance significantly, it’s also affect organizational performance by way of customer relationship quality significantly. This means that the Taiwan’s small and medium businesses should increase budget resources in various departments. It is enhances the relationship of Taiwan’s small and medium businesses and the supply chain enterprise. Our implications also indicated that increase budget resources was not directly associated with organizational performance but indirectly related to promote competitive power in Taiwan’s small and medium businesses.
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Chuang, Yu-Tse y 莊育澤. "Organizational slack, Industry Cluster, and Innovation performance". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79102118007586479694.
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碩士國立成功大學
企業管理學系碩博士班
95
Recently, with the rapidly changing of economic and social structure, and the impact of internationalization and liberalization, innovation has become the defining challenge for global competitiveness. For this reason, the trend of development national innovation is more and more important. In the last two decade, because of innovation and the commercialization of new technologies take place disproportionately in clusters that the effect of industry cluster more valued. The purpose of this research is to offer an empirical that to find the relationship between organizational slack and innovation performance in industry cluster of Taiwan manufacturing industries. The study examines innovative performance using a database of patents in U.S. The innovative record of 777 TSE and OTC manufacturing firms during 2 years (2003-2004) is examined and related to employment in the region where they are located, and other variables. The results show that both absorbed slack and unabsorbed slack can enhance firms’ innovation performance. Absorbed slack is a negative moderator, that is, absorbed slack is a negative moderator, that is, the degree absorbed slack increase firms’ innovation performance is higher in lowly concentrated cluster than in highly concentrated cluster. On the contrary, unabsorbed slack is a positive moderator, that is, the degree unabsorbed slack increase firms’ innovation performance is higher in highly concentrated cluster than in lowly concentrated cluster. It is recommended that manager need to keep organizational slack in order to facilitate innovation. Another implication for managers is that different form of slack in industry cluster would play dissimilar role, they should adjust slack quantity according to degree of cluster concentration where they in.
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Lai, Yung-Hau y 賴永浩. "Peak Current Reduction by Using Useful Skew/Slack". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83324423366682290528.
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碩士大葉大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
93
IR-drop is a well-known signal integrity issue in very deep submicron technology. The voltage drop does not only induce circuit delay but also reduce the circuit noise margin from lower supply voltage and bring reliability issue from electromigration. In this thesis, there are two maximum transition current estimation methods are proposed, Method-1 is pattern independent, which is worst-case predication. The Method-2 is pattern dependent that more realistic than Method-1. The real circuit transition current could get by applying the verification input patterns provided by designer. Due to the peak current overestimated by using Method-1, and the accurate peak current is dynamic behavior (dependent on pattern), so use real test bench could activate real gate transitions peak current. This measurement might lower and accurate than Method-1, could help reasonable power rail design. The peak current could be reduced from lower the input/output transition slew time [14]. The input signal slew rate not only affects the gate delay but also contribute the peak current to a gate. So, the lower input/output slew time could reduce the peak current, but need to make sure do not affect the circuit performance first. We discuss the gate-sizing/input-reordering might be the practical techniques in this thesis. Each gate output signal slew rate represented by gate driving capability, so the gate-sizing technique will choose the same function gate has less driving capability from cell library during logic synthesis phase. The input-reordering technique will lower the input/output slew time to minimum the peak current by applying the control/non-control signal relationships. The experimental results show the gate-sizing/input-reordering techniques are feasible solutions for reducing peak current without circuit delay increased.
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Lo, Pei-yu y 羅珮瑜. "The Impact of Organizational Slack on Greenfield Investments". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60334089500255886752.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
國際企業管理研究所碩士班
101
Greenfield investments refer to the establishment of a new affiliate, branch, or manufacturing or production plant. This study goes beyond the consequences of greenfield investments, emphasized by previous works, and explores how organizational slack influences the firms’ greenfield investment strategy. Specifically, we classify slack into absorbed and unabsorbed resources and investigate their differential effects. We test our hypotheses with 229 listed firms in Taiwan during the period 2006–2010. Results indicate a statistically significant and positive relation between absorbed slack and the number of greenfield investments. However, we do not find any significant relation between unabsorbed slack and the number of greenfield investments.
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Chiao-Chen, Fang. "Performance-driven Incremental Placement Using Iterative Slack Distribution Technique". 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0016-1303200709302353.
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Shen, Yi-Chun y 沈逸群. "Functional Slack Time Computation via Non-primitive Path Detection". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88293973554132135273.
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碩士國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
88
Abstract Given that the power dissipated by a gate is directly proportional to its load, reducing that load (down sizing) leads to a reduction of the power consumption as well as a reduction of the chip area. Downsizing gates can reduce power/area of a circuit, but may increase the delay. In order to preserve the timing behavior, not all the gates in a circuit can be downsized. To determine which gate can be re-sized, usually the slack time of each gate is calculated. The slack of a gate describes the amount of delay that can increase in the gate without increasing the whole circuit delay. Traditionally, the (topological) slack time only considers the topological delay of the circuit without taking the logic function into account. Topological slack may underestimate the actual slack time and only can be used under the circuit delay is estimated by the delay of topological critical path. In this thesis, we proposed a new algorithm to calculate more “accurate” slack time called functional slack. The algorithm is based on the concept of non-primitive paths, which never become the critical paths in a circuit under any delay assignment. The functional slack computed by the algorithm can be used to better optimize the power/area of a circuit under delay constraint than the topological slack.
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Chen, Chin-Chuan y 陳錦泉. "A Study on slack cash-card for Banks System". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08175313308617200884.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
風險管理與保險所
92
A Study on slack cash-cards for Banks System Student: Chen Chin-Chuan Advisor: Dr. Hsien-Chueh Peter Yang Dr. Min-Sun Horng Department of Risk management and Insurance National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology ABSTRACT Consumer banks provide the main stream of profits for most banks. Especially, the sales from cash cards make up the largest portion of the revenues of consumer banking. This financial product has the advantages of high spreads, high efficiency and high returns. Cash cards has already become the most important product of generating profits for banks along with the increasing of the number of holders and the using rates year by year. The purpose of this study is to provide a whole completed set of lending evaluation model in which the main features of cash cards are incorporated and lending risks are diversified. Among the main features are: providing the smallest operation cost and the fastest approving speed, reducing the loss of slack cards and increasing operating profits. In the study we would like to find the characteristics of slack card holders. The sample data are taken from one financial institution locating in the southern part of Taiwan. There are eleven variables including the type of branch offices, gander, source of applicants, income levels, occupations, family members, the type of housing, education levels, the number of children, working experiences and age. After all, there are four factors found to be associated with the probability of slack cards. They are gender, source of applicants, the type of housing, and education levels. The final logistic regression model of slack cards is logit(π) = -3.0024 + 0.6783X3 + 0.5269X2 + 0.4728X8 - 0.3614X7. The final probit model of slack cards is Φ-1(π) = -1.6964 + 0.3572X3 + 0.2878X2 + 0.2539X8 - 0.1936X7. X2 :gender ，X3 :source of applicants ， X7 :the types of housing X8 :education levels ， The correct rate of slack card through logistic regression model is 69.90%. The correct rate of slack card through the probit model is 69.39%. Both the logistic regression model and probit model show that gender, the source of applicants, the type of housing and education levels affect the probability of slack cards. We also find that a female, issued card through marketing agents, living in her own property and with higher education level has a higher probability to become a slack cardholder. The findings are consistent with our expectation.
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Fang, Chiao-Chen y 方巧禎. "Performance-driven Incremental Placement Using Iterative Slack Distribution Technique". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94077591192054412354.
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碩士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
94
Timing-driven incremental placement is required when an initial placement violates the timing constraint. It often occurs when the objective of an initial placement is power or area. If the initial placement does not satisfy the timing constraint, we need timing-driven incremental placement algorithm to improve timing while minimize the disturbance to the initial placement. In our thesis, we will study timing-driven incremental placement problem.
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Hsin, Chang Chien Hsiao y 張簡曉馨. "The Study of Slack Credit Card Identification Model Construction". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84730043093644380508.
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碩士南台科技大學
企業管理系
93
Currently, each bank has running the consuming finances that had adjusted to 50% more of banking revenues; additionally, the credit card transaction is the major income of them. There are nearly 8.8 million credit card holders in Taiwan. Each holder has 4 credit cards in average; however, there are more to 20.67 million credit cards have no any transaction records in recent six months; they become the so called “slack card”. The customers apply the credit card to enjoy the added value; nonetheless, not consuming with these cards caused the banks have hard time to get through; hence, the banks also recognized to increase credit benefits should not only depend on the new card issuing, but also rely on the slack cards reducing. This study attempts to establish the slack card recognition model by the 3,974 data offered from a private bank and collected from December 2003 to May 2005; in addition, there are 213 slack cards dada inside. Due to the skewed distribution within these obtained data, this study has utilized three skewed distribution solving ways with C4.5, PART, and Rough Set method to find out the features and rules of slack card holders. The study results showing that the utilization of skewed distribution solving strategies can enhance the prediction efficacy effectively; besides, the C4.5 decision tree by cost sensitive classification error cost as 6, the PART by over-sampling for expanding minority as four times, and the Rough Set by under-sampling for reducing majority as seventeen times have showed the finest prediction efficacy models; the Rough Set model has the higher prediction efficacy among these.The Rough Set sum up 5,451 rules to recognize the slack card, comparing 83 rules of PART, there is a lot more; so the PART can produce more compact and accurate rules. Therefore, the managers can accord to the real needs to choose the suitable technique to utilize in practice. This study also found that the case sources, the real estates, the ages, and the occupations four variables are appearing more frequently than others in all slack card rules. Within all, the other sources in Acquisition Channel Code; living with relatives in Address Ownership Code; loans of real estate in Address Ownership Code; 31~35 or 41~45 in ages; the white-collar workers, the cram school teachers and the consultants in Occupation Code are most repeated and highest supported in these six variable columns; they indicated that many slack card holders have those features.
49
Chiang, Hui y 姜慧. "Airlines performance: A slack-based measure dynamic network DEA". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61535442859652660736.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
運輸科學系
102
The financial and economic performances of airlines industry have attracted a great deal of attention primarily after the liberalization movement. Data envelopment analysis is the most popular way to evaluate the operating performance of airlines. However, traditional DEA evaluates overall efficiency without considering the internal linkage of divisions and carry-over activities of a company. The dynamic network DEA based on slace-based measure (SBM-DNDEA) proposed by Tone and Tsutsui(2014) can evaluate period and division efficiencies. In this study, SBM-DNDEA is utilized to evaluate the operational efficiency of 30 airlines during the period 2009-2012. The empirical results indicate that average overall efficiencies are downward from 2009 to 2012. The result of Tobit regression model shows that airline alliance, international oil price and the airline's total assets have significant impacts on operating performance.
50
Hsieh, Hsing-ta y 謝幸達. "The Study of Organizational Decline, Slack and Organizational Innovation". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00480817508036535335.
Texto completoResumen
碩士國立中正大學
企業管理研究所
90
Abstract： When the organization encounters the condition of decline, the manager often eliminates slack as the first important thing. For example: Devote himself to raising the efficiency of working process and how to use the capital, layoff and selling out the assets. However, in 1998, McKinley, Mone, and Barker debated on when the decline sets in, under what kinds of conditions, the organization can rejuvenate by organizational innovation. They pointed out that if the decline can really stimulate organizational innovation, it would not succeed without possessing adequate slack. By discussing literature, there are four hypotheses addressed in this study: 1.At the beginning of a decline period, the organization tends to do nothing or use uncommitted resources instead of transforming committed resources. 2.At the beginning of a decline period, the more uncommitted resources the organization has, the more organizational innovation it will take on. 3.At the beginning of a decline period, the more huge difference of attainment discrepancy will promote the manager to transform committed resources. 4.At the beginning of a decline period, if the organization transform committed resources, it won’t take on any organizational innovation. This study chooses those companies who maintained public from 1994 to 2000 in Taiwan. After analyzing, the conclusions are below-mentioned. 1.At the beginning of a decline period, the organization tends to no actions in the beginning, then use uncommitted resources instead of transforming committed resources 2.At the beginning of a decline period, the organization doesn’ t tend to eliminate committed resources. On the other hand, the organization lets it become worse without controlling. 3.The degree which the organization has uncommitted resources doesn’t have any significant relationship with organizational innovation. 4.The relationship between the attainment discrepancy of organization and the elimination of committed resources is not significant. 5.At the beginning of a decline period, it’s not easy for the organization who takes the step of eliminating committed resources to have organizational innovation.