Tesis: "Small lake"

1

Balangoda, Anusha. "Impact of Artificial Aeration on Nutrients in Small Eutrophic Lakes". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/24669.

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2

Billington, Neil. "Small scale phytoplankton patchiness in a freshwater lake". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1985. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11275.

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Small scale patchiness of phytoplankton biomass was the area around a single sampling station on a freshwater lake (Charnwood Water, Loughborough) between October l978 and October 1981. Patchiness in zooplankton and nutrients was also investigated. Data were initially examined by one-way analysis of variance in order to separate actual variation from measurement error. Nested analysis of variance models were used to examine the relative contributions of horizontal. vertical and diurnal variation and two-way analysis of variance was used to examine the importance of horizontal variation on the resolution of seasonal changes in phytoplankton biomass.

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3

Kelly, Liam Aelred. "Erosion-deposition linkages in small Pennine lake-catchement ecosystems". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257304.

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4

Allan, Craig James. "Lake ice cover development and meltwater mixing in the spring acidification of small Canadian Precambrian Shield lakes". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1987. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21669.pdf.

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5

David, Carol A. "Contemporary and historical pollen recruitment to a small lowland English lake". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10371.

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The source of the pollen preserved within fossil assemblages is one of the most important factors to be considered when attempting to reconstruct fonner vegetation landscapes. Due to its mode of dispersal, at anyone time a pollen assemblage is a spatially aggregated record or pollen from local, extra-local and regional vegetation. Studies of pollen recruitment to lakes with surface inflows have shown that fluvial transport plays a dominant role in the recruitment of pollen to these sites. Pollen assemblage fonnation in lakes is further complicated by lirnnological processes which may affect the stratigraphic 'integrity' of the sediment record. A range of techniques and methodologies have been employed to investigate the influence of recruitment and lirnnological processes on the assemblage characteristics and pollen catchment area of an intennediate sized lake basin with surface inflows. The impact of land-use change OIi sediment yields and sediment sources has also been investigated through the use of mineral magnetic and sediment analytical techniques. The relative importance of aerial and streamborne recruitment has been established by , momtoring of pollen input to the lake from both sources over a 17 month period. Results , confmn the importance of fluvially transported pollen at this site and indicate that between 70-90% Qf the total pollen reaching the lake is derived via inflow streams at the present day. Downstream changes in the composition of streambome pollen caught in Tauber traps submerged within the main inflow stream suggests that at least 35% of the pollen recruited via the inflow is currently derived from 'local' riparian vegetation communities. Spatial and temporal patterns of intra-lake pollen deposition have been assessed by analysis and comparison of 24 surface lake mud samples and the pollen content of two parallel sediment cores. Central surface mud samples exhibit less 'noise' than those from marginal zones. Higher variability in littoral surface sediments, as measured by mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation values of individual pollen types, is thought to reflect high deposition from lake marginal vegetation as well as limnological factors such as water turbulence. A greater diversity of pollen types were found in streamborne assemblages but in other respects percentages of the major pollen types in air, stream and surface lake samples were very similar. Comparison of the pollen, magnetic and sedimentological characteristics of parallel cores taken from the central lake area show close downcore strati graphic correspondence over the topmost 80cm. The shallowness of the lake does not appear to have produced any noticeable discontinuities or non-unifonn patterns of pollen and sediment deposition in central zones. . The effective pollen catchment area of the lake has been established by determining the 'sensitivity' of radiometrically dated lake pollen profiles to vegetation changes at different spatial scales within the landscape, established from documentary records of local and regional land-use and woodland history. From these data it is estimated that c. 70% of the pollen recruited to the lake originates from vegetation growing within c. 2.0 km of the lake. This conclusion contrasts with models of pollen recruitment proposed for similar sized lakes without inflow streams where a significant regional component (>60%) is predicted. Results suggests that the single largest contribution to total influx comes from stream marginal vegetation. A lakewide change in sediment type is recorded after Enclosure in 1789, as the focus of arable activity shifted from outside to inside the lake's drainage catchment. Mineral magnetic properties of lake sediment and catchment soils and sediments also indicate a shift in the source of allochthonous inputs reaching the lake at this time, from subsoil to topsoil derived material. Estimated inorganic sediment yields over the last 50 years are Iow when compared to similar sites with high lake/catchment ratios.

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6

Balangoda, Anusha Rupika. "Impact of Artificial Aeration on Nutrients in a Small Eutrophic Lake". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27298.

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The Heinrich- Martin Dam Impoundment (HMDI), located in northcentral LaMoure County, North Dakota, is an important water body for fishing, boating, and other recreational activities. To eliminate the thermal stratification and low dissolved oxygen (DO) zone near the bottom, an artificial aeration system was installed and operated by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department (NDG&F). This study was conducted to investigate whether aeration improved water quality of HMDI and to evaluate aeration as a tool to effectively manage eutrophication in lakes of this type. Field monitoring and laboratory analyses were conducted during three consecutive summers, in 2010, 2011 and 2012, to evaluate the impact of aeration on the spatial and temporal variation of physical, chemical, and biological water quality. Variables monitored included total and dissolved forms of inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), chlorophyll a, turbidity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO). Field sampling was carried out during aerated conditions in 2010 and 2012 and under non-aerated conditions in 2011. The study revealed no significant differences between aeration and non-aeration conditions in soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), or total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in the water column. In contrast, mean ammonia-nitrogen concentration at the near-bottom layers during non-aerated conditions decreased significantly under artificial aeration, while mean nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased significantly under aeration. Under aerated conditions, dissolved inorganic nutrients, TN, TP, temperature, and algae were homogenously distributed throughout the water column. Aeration expanded aerobic habitats for fish and distributed bio-available nutrients, stimulating algal growth throughout the water column. These results indicate that the existing aeration system vertically mixed nutrients throughout the water column of the HMDI. Chlorophyll a results showed that aeration distributed algae throughout the water column and circulated available nutrients for their growth. In addition, the results indicated that aeration improved water quality as measured by Secchi depth, turbidity, DO and algal biomass based on recommended levels by NDDoH. In a nitrogen-limited, phosphorus-rich water body, like HMDI, lowering phosphorus (P) load rather than nitrogen (N) load is recommended as a means of reducing algal biomass.

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7

Schwartzburg, Richard E. C. "Physical limnology of a small sub-arctic alpine lake, Yukon Territory". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5493.

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8

Davis, Chris. "Habitat, distribution and abundance of juvenile lake trout, sculpin and burbot in four small, precambrian shield lakes in Ontario". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ27344.pdf.

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9

Chang, Wei. "Fate of Nonylphenol in lakes: : Case study modelling of two small lakes in Stockholm, Sweden". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58638.

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Nonylphenol is a widely used organic compound which has been reported to have potential risk to aquatic environment. According to the result of recent studies, it has been detected in many lakes in Stockholm, Sweden, which raised great concern. In this thesis, a dynamic fate model was adopted and modified from literature in order to study the distribution and concentration of nonylphenol in small lakes, guide the field sampling and provide information for corresponding decision making. Two lakes in Stockholm, Lake Trekanten and Lake Drevviken, were selected as case studies. Another model was included for comparison purpose. Based on the model result, the most important nonylphenol removal process in both lakes was the transformation in water. A sensitivity analysis showed that the model results were most sensitive to the process of nonylphenol water inflow. In terms of sediment concentration of nonylphenol, satisfactory agreements were obtained from the comparison between model results and field data. However, problems, such as the simultaneous handling of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates, may cause uncertainties on the model performance. The result of the analysis about scenario load change and the seasonal variation showed that the sediment nonylphenol content is more stable to the seasonal change compare to nonylphenol water content, but the response times to load change of nonylphenol content in these two compartments are quite close and somewhat lower than the water residence time.

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10

Levieil, Dominique P. "Territorial use-rights in fishing (TURFs) and the management of small-scale fisheries : the case of Lake Titicaca (Peru)". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27435.

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The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate whether the Territorial Use-Rights in Fishing (TURFs) of Lake Titieaca, Peru, are effective in overcoming the common property problem of typical fisheries and therefore whether TURFs may prove valuable as part of a more formal management system. It has recently been argued that TURFs should be incorporated into small-scale fisheries management schemes since they should be effective in controlling fishing effort, in promoting a more equitable distribution of the benefits from fishing and in reducing administrative inefficiencies. To determine whether TURFs are in fact effective in controlling fishing effort, I examine Lake Titieaca fisheries in Peru. First, I demonstrate the widespread existence of Lake Titicaca's TURFs and their control over the entire shoreline, most of the littoral area and even part of the pelagic area. Second, I document how, in spite of TURFs' illegality, Lake Titieaca shore dwellers are able to combine legal and illegal means to enforce their traditional rights over their fishing areas. Third, by showing that the relative difference between the returns to labour from fishing with those from alternative activities ranges from 50 to more than 100%, I demonstrate that local fishermen capture substantial fishing rents. If one takes into account that most fishing activities are carried out when there is little else to do, this range increases to 90-180%. I thus conclude that Lake Titieaca fisheries have not reached their bioeconomic equilibrium yet and that the predictions of the common property theory do not apply to them. And fourth, I demonstrate that the origins of these rents can be traced to fishermen's membership in TURF-holding communities, their ability to restrict physical access to the shoreline, and the obligations associated with this membership. Among these obligations are the participation in communal projects and celebrations, the fulfillment of administrative or ceremonial responsibilities, and the undertaking of agricultural activities, all of which constrain the amount of household labour available for fishing. In the concluding section, I consider the potential role of TURFs in a formal management context. I show that, in the long term, even formally recognized TURFs would not be sufficient in themselves to prevent overfishing. I therefore propose that Lake Titieaca TURFs be incorporated into a broader, decentralized management strategy which would capitalize on their strengths and promote cooperation between members of shore communities, fisheries scientists and administrators.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate

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11

McCart, Robert E. "Allochthonous ecotonal carbon inputs to a small oligotrophic lake in central Ontario". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31852.pdf.

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12

Kelly, P. M. "Habitat selection by two prosobranch gastropod species in a small Oxfordshire lake". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354828.

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13

Mackay, Eleanor. "Heterogeneity in Esthwaite Water, a small, temperate lake : consequences for phosphorus budgets". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617815.

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Eutrophication through phosphorus enrichment of lakes is potentially damaging to lake ecosystems, water quality and the ecosystem services which they provide. Traditional approaches to managing eutrophication involve quantifying phosphorus budgets. An important shortcoming of these approaches is that they take little account of the inherent heterogeneity of lakes. Furthermore, most studies of lake heterogeneity have been carried out in large lakes, a situation which reflects neither small lakes' imp0l1ance in biogeochemical cycling nor their significant contribution to the global sum of lake environments. This thesis reports investigations into heterogeneity in Esthwaite Water, UK, a small, temperate, eutrophic lake. The overarching aim of the work was to improve understanding of phosphorus fluxes and budgets in this type of environment. Heterogeneity, and its governing physical mechanisms were elucidated in the lake's surface waters and bed sediments. In addition, the effects that this heterogeneity had on phosphorus supply to phytoplankton from the main stream inflow and internal sediment sources were examined. The research is presented as four studies, which address surface water heterogeneity, bed sediment heterogeneity, and phosphorus supply via inflowing streams and from internal sediment storage. Significant heterogeneity was found in the surface water, despite the lake being small and the physical forcing, relatively weak. Assumptions about the physical processes contributing to sediment heterogeneity based on models of large or shallow lakes were found not 10 be applicable. Taking account of bed sediment heterogeneity was found to be important for the accurate calculation of burial rates of both total phosphorus and organic carbon, as ignoring it led to discrepancies up to 110%. Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) dispersal in the shallow transition zone at the mouth of the main inflowing stream, and was found to be the result of not only hydrological dilution but also biological uptake. Ignoring SRP heterogeneity in this zone led to up to an 18% underestimate of lake-wide averaged concentration during the growing season. SRP pathways in the lake were both spatially and temporally heterogeneous, resulting in large seasonal and inter-annual variations in phosphorus supply. Internal and external supplies were of similar magnitude during the summer but internal anoxic sources dominated in the late summer and autumn. Inter-annual variation in the hypolimnetic build-up of phosphorus associated with differences in lake stability and mixing strongly affected the internal phosphorus supply. Overall, the thesis concludes that spatial and temporal heterogeneity is a characteristic of this lake at many scales, despite the relative weakness of the governing physical forcing, and that it affects significantly not only the nature of the lake at specific locations, but also lake-wide averaged parameter values. Specifically, different phosphorus sources have distinctly different patterns of variability, which need to be taken into account when calculating phosphorus budgets. Finally, the importance of particular physical processes for phosphorus budgets is likely to differ between large and small lakes owing to the influence of basin morphometry and therefore understanding derived about these budgets in large lakes cannot simply be assumed when considering small lakes.

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14

Gibbons, Heather Louise. "Climate change and the carbon cycle of a small, hard water lake". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440752.

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15

Southworth, Barbara A. (Barbara Anne) 1973. "Hydrogen peroxide in the Halls Brook Holding Area, a small meromictic lake". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28209.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1999.
"February 1999."
Includes bibliographical references.
A study of hydrogen peroxide and the processes that control its concentration was carried out at the Halls Brook Holding Area (HBHA) between May 1997 and June 1998. HBHA is a small meromictic lake that receives groundwater contaminated by an adjacent Superfund site. Inflow and outflow rates and depth profiles of temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and redox potential were measured at HBHA between May 1997 and June 1998. These data were used to characterize the lake structure and chemistry and to calculate groundwater inflow and vertical mixing coefficients. Hydrogen peroxide was measured at HBHA between May 1997 and February 1998. Large seasonal variations in hydrogen peroxide concentration were observed, with low (< 0.5 micromolar) concentrations in winter and higher than previously reported concentrations in the literature (up to 80 micromolar) in late summer and fall. Additionally, higher concentrations were measured in the afternoon than in the morning on one sampling date (8/14/97). During the late summer and fall, an increase in hydrogen peroxide concentrations with depth in the epilimnion was observed. Below the pycnocline, HBHA is anoxic. Hydrogen peroxide was not detected below the pycnocline on any date, and hydrogen peroxide that was added to samples below the pycnocline was rapidly destroyed. A decay rate of hydrogen peroxide was also measured in samples collected in February. The decay rate was found to be first order with respect to H20 2 with a half life of about 30 hours. Literature values for apparent quantum yields of hydrogen peroxide formation in fresh waters, solar irradiation data, the measured decay rate, and calculated turbulent diffusion coefficients were used to model expected concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in HBHA assuming that abiotic photochemical processes are the only sources. Abiotic photochemical production has been considered to be the only significant source of hydrogen peroxide in most natural fresh waters studied to date. Our modeling results did not fit the observed increase with depth within the epilimnion observed in late summer and fall. This indicates the presence of another, unknown source located near the pycnocline in summer and fall. The size and location of this source were explored using modeling, but the steep observed gradients were not successfully modeled. However, the resulting hydrogen peroxide profiles were highly sensitive to vertical diffusion coefficient values near the pycnocline, which are not well known due to a lack of data. Based on our observations, we speculate that the unknown source may be biological. The high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide have significant consequences due to possible Fenton chemistry in HBHA. With high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the epilimnion and previously investigated high concentrations of ferrous iron in the hypolimnion, mixing across the pycnocline may result in significant production of hydroxyl radical, which could have a significant impact on the fate of organic pollutants in HBHA.
by Barbara A. Southworth.
S.M.

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16

Winkelmann, Kai. "Of large and small fish : testing ecological speciation in Lake Tanganyika cichlids". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633437.

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A central question in evolutionary biology is how do new species evolve? Recent advances stem from studies of ecological speciation, where reproductive isolation among incipient species is promoted by divergent adaptation to local habitats. The cichlid fish Telmatochromis temporalis from Lake Tanganyika has evolved two ecologically distinct ecomorphs that occupy different habitats, with large bodied fish on rock habitat, and small bodied fish on shell-bed habitat. It has been suggested that the diversification of these two ecomorphs has taken place repeatedly and has been driven by ecological processes. In this thesis population genetic and phylogenetic analyses are presented of geographically-distinct populations. The results provide evidence for a repeatedly and independently-derived adaptation from rock to shell bed habitat, consistent with parallel evolution. Demographic expansions of most populations and splitting time estimates indicate that the age of habitat and hence habitat availability is vital in shaping population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. A series of behavioural studies on wild caught fish demonstrated that body-size dependent competition is a fundamental mechanism that determines habitat use and mediates assortative mating in laboratory conditions. The extent of phenotypic plasticity in ecomorph-specific trait evolution was studied under controlled laboratory conditions on first generation offspring. The results suggest that absolute body size is subject to plasticity in both ecomorphs but size at sexual maturity is strongly heritable, with the shell ecomorph maturing at smaller body size. Overall these findings demonstrate how extrinsic factors and divergent selection continue to shape the evolution of novel phenotypes and genotypes in T. temporalis, despite ongoing genetic exchange between diverging lineages.

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17

Prescott, Trevor Jake-David. "Assessment of Freshwater Mussel Communities of Small Stream Mouths Along Lake Erie". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1395489064.

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18

Mushongera, Darlington D. "Poverty dynamics and livelihood challenges among small-scale fishing communities on lake Kariba - Zimbabwe". University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4272.

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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
Poverty dynamics and livelihood challenges among small-scale fishing communities on Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) The aim of this study was to assess poverty among small-scale fishing communities on Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) as well to as identify livelihood challenges that confront them. Two fishing communities were used as case studies and were uniquely selected from among the many fishing camps/villages dotted along the Zimbabwean shoreline of Lake Kariba. Depending on gear type, fishing activities on Lake Kariba target both the smaller-sized Kapenta species and larger species such as the bream and the tiger. Fishing activities are a major livelihood source for fishers in the two case studies upon which they obtain food and derive income to address other family needs. Mutual linkages and exchanges also exist between fishing camps/villages and communal areas where land-based activities such as cropping and livestock rearing are carried out. Before fieldwork, there was a pre-conceived notion that members of fishing communities on Lake Kariba were very poor. Although the fishers expressed desires for a better life than they were experiencing, they did not consider themselves poor. Instead, they rated their economic position as well off compared to some of their urban counterparts. However, on further interrogation, the study revealed that the fishers were facing a set of vulnerabilities that is commonly associated with the fishing profession. These vulnerabilities had substantial impacts on the livelihood system of these fishers. Using vulnerability ladders, a picture was painted depicting the severity of these vulnerabilities. It emerged that fishers were more vulnerable to existing state institutions that are designed to manage access to and the use of natural resources in the country. There are several reasons to suggest why this is the case which include, (i) the high cost of accessing the fishery, (ii) the stern measures in place that restrict access to and use of the fishery, and (iii) the punitive measures imposed for contravening rules of access and use of the fishery. Although restricting access is in line with the principle of long run sustainability of the fishery, it may threaten the development of the fishing industry and impact negatively on livelihoods of communities involved. Unlike fisheries elsewhere in the world, Lake Kariba is not viewed as a vehicle for reducing poverty and achieving food security. On the contrary, government places emphasis on preserving and enhancing the natural environment both aquatic and non-aquatic with a view to sustaining tourism. Under such a paradigm, fishing is viewed as a threat to the natural environment and requires strict management. Heavy fines are therefore imposed on users that violate the rules of access. Many of the fishers have had their properties attached after failing to raise the necessary amounts to cover the fines. By shifting away from the promotion of fisheries, government has accelerated the decline of the small-scale fishing industry on Lake Kariba, through narrowing the fishers action space and creating an environment conducive for corruption. The decline has subsequently shrunk the livelihoods base of local communities as well as many others who are associated with the fishing industry. While the sustainability of the fishery is paramount, government needs to reconsider its strategy on governing and managing fisheries on Lake Kariba. Given enough support, small-scale fisheries on Lake Kariba have the potential to contribute significantly to the country’s Gross Domestic Product. Small-scale fisheries have also proved their resilience in the wake of the severe economic crisis that Zimbabwe experienced between 2007 and 2009. During this period, there were widespread shortages of basic food items in the country and the demand for fish and fish products rose drastically. The fishers reported that there was an increase in the demand for fish during the crisis period to the extent that they could not supply enough to satisfy the market. This supports the observation by the United Nations (2010) that fisheries, in particular small-scale, can play an important role in the economy in terms of livelihoods, poverty reduction and food security. Fishing activities are also the perfect complement to other land-based livelihood activities for communities that live in close proximity to large water bodies.

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19

Garrett, Jessica D. "Pervasive Thermal Consequences of Stream-Lake Interactions in Small Rocky Mountain Watersheds, USA". DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/841.

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Limnologists and stream ecologists acknowledge the fundamental importance of temperature for regulating many ecological, biological, chemical, and physical processes. I investigated how water temperatures were affected by hydrologic linkages between streams and lakes at various positions along surface water networks throughout several headwater basins in the Sawtooth and White Cloud Mountains of Idaho (USA). Temperatures of streams and lakes were measured for up to 27 months in seven 6 – 41 km2 watersheds, with a range of lake influence. When they were ice-free, warming in lakes resulted in dramatically warmer temperatures at lake outflows compared to inflow streams (midsummer average 6.4°C warming, but as much as 12.5°C). Temperatures cooled as water traveled downstream from lakes, as rapidly as 9°C km-1. Longitudinal stream cooling was usually not strong enough, however, to reduce temperatures to baseline conditions. In early spring, lakes had the opposite effect on streams, as they released water from beneath the ice at near 0°C. Early spring stream water warmed as it flowed downstream from lakes, influenced by additional groundwater inflows. In addition to lakes, other watershed characteristics influenced temperatures, though effects differed seasonally. Multiple regression analyses indicated that lake size, distance from nearest upstream lake, and stream shading were most important in explaining stream temperatures, but the relative importance of each variable changed seasonally.

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20

Hodges, Glen J. (Glen John). ""Eyre," a Three Movement Instrumental Work for Small Chamber Ensemble". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503921/.

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"Eyre" is a composition of approximately sixteen minutes duration for an instrumental ensemble consisting of two flutes, oboe, B𝄭 clarinet, bassoon, guitar, and cello. It is inspired by a large seasonal lake basin in South Australia of the same name. The piece is divided into three movements; the first is fast and quasi sonata-allegro form without the recapitulation; the second is slow and through-composed; and the third, essentially the missing recapitulation from the first movement. Much of the motivic material for the piece is derived from the initial progression of triads. Harmonic and melodic development of this material contains some modal tendencies. While the overall effect tends toward equal weighting of the instrumental forces, there is some featuring of the guitar and an interplay between the woodwind and string instruments.

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21

Landström, Emelie. "Short-term effects of forest harvesting on CO2 and CH4 accumulation in small boreal lakes". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90636.

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The purpose of the study was to examine how forest harvesting affects the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) under the ice-cover. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was hypothesized to increases post-harvest, this supplementation would in turn lead to an increased accumulation of CO2 and CH4 under the ice-cover. Four small boreal lakes, (two treatment lakes, two reference lakes) were sampled once a year during winter, under a three-year period (2012-2014). The sampling was performed using a headspace equilibration technique. During the three study years (2012-2014), the CO2 concentration increased in both the reference lakes and the harvested lakes (percentage increase; 18 % and 89 % respectively). The mean CH4-concentration in the reference lakes increased during the years 2012-2014, (2, 6, 7.5 μM). While the concentrations in the harvested lakes showed a slightly different pattern, with a peak during year 2013 which latter decreased until year 2014, (6, 12.5, 8.5 μM). The result of this study suggests that harvest in the catchment area increases the accumulation of CO2 and possible CH4 under the ice. Inflow of supersaturated surface water was found to be a more important source to the increased accumulation under ice than DOC, contradicting the previous hypothesis that DOC would be a more important factor controlling the CO2 and CH4 production. Moreover this study indicates that the dimension of the edge-zone left in connection to the inlets can be of crucial importance, possible reducing the amount of supersaturated surface water reaching the lakes.

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22

Cole, Robert W. "Reengineering the China Lake Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division small purchase procurement process". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA311352.

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23

Salomonsson, Sara y Helena Thoresson. "Windmill driven water pump for small-scale irrigation and domestic use : In Lake Victoria basin". Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4222.

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This project is a combination of mechanical engineering and sustainable development in developing countries. The goal has been to build a windmill driven water pump and to design a small-scale irrigation system for SCC-Vi Agroforestry’s demonstration farm in Musoma, Mara region, Tanzania. The purpose was to enable SCC-Vi Agroforestry to demonstrate and spread knowledge about these techniques to farmers in the region.

In 2007, two students from Halmstad University conducted a field study in the Mara region and found that many farmers lack clean and running water. Back in Sweden they constructed a prototype of a windmill that employs wind energy to pump water using a semi-rotary pump. The intention is that local farmers should be able to build their own windmill, and thus have running water in their household. However, the windmill has never been built in Tanzania.

The windmill construction in this report is based on the prototype, but the original drawings were changed to fit the specific situation in Tanzania better. Important throughout the project has been to minimise cost and to only use material that local farmers can get hold of. Building and assembling of the windmill were then performed by the authors in co-operation with local workers. The windmill drives a pump that pumps water from a well to a tank for further use in irrigation.

Calculations have been made on the energy available in the wind and an energy analysis was then performed to see what wind speed is required for the system to work. If wind speed is low, the windmill can be adjusted by placing the connecting rod closer to the rotation centre where it requires less work to function. As a result of that, the volume of water per stroke will decrease and it will take longer time to fill the tank. This project was carried out during the rainy season when there is less wind; therefore the windmill has not been tested during optimal wind speed conditions. The tests that have been performed during the circumstances at the time showed that the performance of the windmill is consistent with the theoretical calculations.

A proposed design for a simple drip irrigation system has been developed based on the conditions at the project area. It is constructed of plastic pipes with holes that emit water. Covers are in place to prevent soil from clogging the holes. Building the irrigation system was not part of this project.

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24

Rowe, Kinnilie. "Depositional history, facies, and monohydrocalcite of a small, permanent lake near Robe, southeastern South Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09sbr878.pdf.

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25

Brooks, Bruce A. "Before the burning bush, small church stories and their call". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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26

Herrstrom, Eric P. "Character-based leadership formation : enhancing the spiritual maturity of small group leaders at Lake Arlington Baptist Church". Mill Valley, CA : Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.116-0006.

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27

Back, Allison J. "Ammonification, nitrification and denitrification in the forested ecotone of a small, Oligotrophic Lake in Algonquin Park, Ontario". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24439.pdf.

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28

Solovieva, Nadezhda. "A palaeoecological study of Holocene environmental change in a small upland lake from the Kola Peninsula, Russia". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325817.

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29

Kerrison, P. "Effects of low concentrations of heavy metals on plankton community dynamics in a small, fertile, freshwater lake". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372349.

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30

Johnston, Terry L. "Rural congregations facing change a case study of Indian Lake Baptist Church, Worthington, Minnesota /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p046-0065.

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31

Cabot, Roberta W. "Healing and deliverance in the church". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p028-0279.

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32

Podritske, Brandi. "Holocene climate variability and long-term diatom community dynamics in a small lake on Victoria Island, Northwest Territory, Canada". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27407.

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A lake sediment core spanning 9900 years, collected from a small lake on western Victoria Island, provides a high-resolution record of diatom community dynamics over the Holocene. Ten radiocarbon dates and 210Pb dating provided the core chronology. Loss-on-ignition (LOI) gradually increased over the Holocene whereas carbonate content and magnetic susceptibility showed an inverse trend. Biogenic silica content had apparent cyclicity over ~1500 year periods. Major shifts in diatom assemblages at 8100-8000 calendar years before present (cal yrs BP), 5800-5700 cal yrs BP, and 3800-3500 cal yrs BP occurred simultaneously with millennial-scale climate changes reported from the region. There is evidence of diatom community response to centennial scale variations such as the 'Medieval Warm Period' (~1000-700 calendar years before present, cal yrs BP), 'Little Ice Age' (~800-150 cal yrs BP) and recent warming. Variations of the taxa within the genera Staurosira, Pseudostaurosira, Fragilaria, and Staurosirella, usually combined into one genus in Arctic lake sediment studies, suggest these taxa may be more useful in paleolimnological studies than previously believed. Although recent changes in diatom community composition, production and species richness were apparent they were surpassed at other periods throughout the Holocene. The rate of community compositional change in the last few centuries was rapid, however it was not exceptional in the lake history.

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33

Hoare, Mary-Jo. "A comparison of the pollution record of South Merseyside from sediment cores taken from the estuary and a small lake". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569449.

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The ability to assess the contamination of sediments in estuaries and lakes is extremely important. This is because of various factors, both natural (tidal action, chemical remobilisation) and anthropogenic (e.g. building work), that lead to the disturbance of the sediment can result in the remobilisation or resuspension of the pollutants and, if high levels of pollutants are present in ,a region, they can be responsible for a number of health impacts on the local population. The use of sediment cores to investigate the pollution levels in the sediment is a relatively easy method of assessing contamination. The main aims of this study were to investigate pollution in saltmarsh, intertidal and lake sediment cores taken from the South Liverpool area and to attempt to distinguish different pollutant transport pathways between cores. This was done using sediment cores taken from a saltmarsh, intertidal area and lake in ,. South Merseyside and measuring the heavy metal and persistent organic pollutant (P AH and PCB) content using a variety of methods including; X-Ray Fluorescence, Environmental Magnetism, Gas ChromatographylMass Spectrometry and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results showed that, although the pollution input to the region has reduced over the last 30 years, there are still high levels of certain chemicals (including lead, mercury and PCBs) in the environment. The concentrations of the main pollutants (Pb, Zn, Hg, Cd, PCBs and PARs) are above guideline levels that are considered dangerous to aquatic organisms, however with the exception of Cd at Speke, none of the metals are present at a concentration that would be considered dangerous to human health. The main source of pollution to the saltmarsh is aquatic, whilst the main input to the lake core is from atmospheric deposition. From the data acquired for this project it would appear that the core from the Speke Hall Lake location provides a more accurate record of the pollution history of the area than those from the more dynamic saltmarsh environment.

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34

Cottam, Pamela N. "A Basic Addiction". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1590754018637938.

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35

Gydemo, Östbom Viktor. "Sedimentation in a small lake, more complex than previously assumed. : Bathymetrical and geochemical sediment analyses in Kassjön (63°55´ N, 20°01´ E)". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136301.

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For studies using lake sediments as a medium, understanding factors governing sediment distribution and properties is crucial for making accurate interpretations and conclusions. General lake sedimentation theory is however mainly based on larger lakes and systems, potentially leading to biased sampling and data interpretation when applied on a smaller system. In a paper published in 2008, Rippey et al. evaluated the fit of some general sedimentation theories on element distribution in the sediments of Kassjön (63°55´ N, 20°01´ E), northern Sweden. This small boreal lake reoccurs in the scientific literature, largely from paleolimnological studies on varved sediments in the lake, making the understanding of its sediment properties highly relevant. As part of a wider geochemical study on the lake, this paper scrutinizes the findings of Rippey et al. (2008) by using updated bathymetry and geochemical analyses, to provide further insight on sedimentation in Kassjön. Element composition, analysed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and dry weight was obtained from sediment samples at 40 sites. Depth at sampling sites, together with catchment morphometry and previous bathymetry, was used to improve the bathymetric understanding. Kassjön was found to have a less steep bathymetry than previously assumed, with distribution of sediment geochemistry and dry weight showing heterogeneity differing from that expected of general sedimentation theories only. These results indicate that previous findings on sedimentation in Kassjön might be too simplistic, and that small-lake sedimentation is influenced by factors not included in general sedimentation models. Caution is therefore advised when e.g. interpreting the environmental record in lake sediments.

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36

Bauge, Sheard Rebecca y Kathrin Svanberg. ""Good" versus "Bad" Fishermen : A case study on fishermen’s perceptions of illegal fishing and the failure of co-management initiatives in Lake Babati". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38252.

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Small-scale fisheries represent an important sector for Tanzania’s economy and the contribution to the livelihood of people. In Lake Babati, fish stocks are decreasing, mainly because of illegal fishing methods. This study therefore aims at examining how the problems of illegal fishing affect the fishermen, as well as their perceptions of the implemented fish ban. By using semi-structured interviews, a seasonal calendar and a Venn diagram, the data was analysed through a Critical Institutionalist lens. The results show that the fish ban has not improved the situation and that the fisheries co-management in Lake Babati is weakly practiced. Furthermore, the complexity of socially embedded relations constrains the organisation among the fishermen. As a response to the inadequate management, the fishermen suggest other solutions for preventing illegal fishing.

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37

Clayton, Kevin Wayne. "The Calvary C.A.R.E. Group Ministry an expression of meta-church theory in psychological support groups /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.

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38

Barton, Melissa. "Distributions of small and medium-sized mammals within and outside 120 m adjacent lands surrounding three wetlands on the north shore of Lake Ontario". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40464.pdf.

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39

Planella, Morató Jesús. "Intermittency of turbulence in natural waters: patchiness in the thermocline of a lake under low winds and small-scale intermittency in the bottom boundary layer of a tidal flow". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/320432.

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Turbulence intermittency influences so many processes in natural waters on a wide range of scales. This work analyzes intermittency, both internal and external, by considering two cases: the thermocline of a small lake under low winds and the bottom boundary layer of a tidal flow. External intermittency in Lake Banyoles is studied based on patches. Variability of their sizes and turbulent scales is described using probability models, which are consistent with marine turbulence results. Dynamics of mixing depends on the phase of the dominant internal seiche. Episodic and powerful wind gusts generate large patches in the lake's interior. Internal intermittency is analyzed based the analysis of tidal flow data. Scaling exponents of structure functions and moments of the dissipation rate fit to multifractal model. For energetic episodes intermittency parameters approach the values expected for fully developed turbulence. They increase with decreasing of Reynolds numbers, which is associated with underdeveloped turbulence.
El comportament intermitent de la turbulència afecta molts processos en els sistemes aquàtics. Aquest treball estudia la intermitència interna i externa en dos casos particulars: la termoclina d'un estany sota vents fluixos i la capa de fons d'un corrent de marea. La intermitència externa a l'estany de Banyoles s'analitza estudiant la variabilitat de mides i escales turbulentes dels claps, que s'ajusten bé als models de probabilitat obtinguts també en turbulència marina. La dinàmica de barreja depèn de la fase de la seca interna dominant a l'estany. Els claps grans generats a l'interior s'han relacionat amb cops de vent episòdics forts. La intermitència interna s'analitza en un corrent de marea (funcions d'estructura i moments de la dissipació). Els exponents d'escalatge s'ajusten a models multifractals, amb paràmetres propers als de turbulència completament desenvolupada per a episodis energètics. Aquests augmenten quan el nombre de Reynolds disminueix, possiblement degut a turbulència no completament desenvolupada.

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40

Goz, Caglayan. "Instream Flow Methodologies: Hydrological Environmental Flow Assessment In Pazarsuyu River". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615004/index.pdf.

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In Turkey with increasing energy demand by industrialization and urbanization, hydropower seemed to be the most environmental friendly and sustainable solution for the problem. However, hydropower has also environmental effects especially when hydropower projects are numerous on a single river, and they use almost entire water in the river. Environmental flow as a new term became popular in media with increased density of small hydropower projects in Turkey. It is the required flow in the part of diversion for Run-off River type of hydropower plant in order to protect health of the river
in other words, to balance components of the river, including physico-chemical quality standards, surface and groundwater, geomorphological dynamics, social, economic, cultural and landscape values. In this study, an analysis utilizing hydrological (desktop) environmental flow assessment methods is prepared for Turkey, focusing on the Pazarsuyu Basin as a case study, and the results are compared with the applications done by the Governmental Institutions. Moreover, insufficient applications with regard to environmental flow assessment are given and reasons for public concerns are pointed out due to small hydropower development in Turkey.

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41

Leadbeater, Bridget. "An assessment into the effectiveness of banana tissue culture intervention schemes at improving the livelihoods of small-scale agriculturists, particularly for women producing banana in the Lake Victoria region of Uganda". Thesis, University of Derby, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551124.

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The majority of bananas/plantains in Uganda are produced for local consumption and small-scale domestic trade with comparatively less export for the global market. Nevertheless, Uganda produced the largest global quantity of bananas in 2008 (FAOSTAT 2008). The fruit is therefore of vital importance, however predominantly, it is the East African Highland varieties that are regarded as an essential domestic staple food. In particular, these bananas are grown by small-scale Bugandan women producers situated in the central region where this study is located. Food security and hunger alleviation programmes in Uganda attempt to foster the livelihoods of small-scale agriculturalists through an income generation agenda supported by many International Institutions such as the World Bank (WB), the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (UNFAO). These projects are implemented anticipating that endorsement of tissue culture banana plantlets, alongside their associated agricultural inputs and improved management practices, will ameliorate declining yields and augment livelihoods. The intention is to investigate the effectiveness of such banana tissue culture intervention programmes. In order to capture the farmers' interpretations and perspectives of these, adoption of participatory research methodology and techniques is considered integral to individual assessment. As the majority of respondents are farming banana within a 'backyard' or home garden system which entails a complex, mixed cropping regime, an agro-ecological stance is embraced to encapsulate the wider context of banana production. Thus the study is able to offer an insight into acute farmer knowledge of their environment, including species preference and agro-practices employed in banana cultivation. The central question of this enquiry is thus: 'do small-scale farmers in Uganda deem tissue culture banana plantlets worthwhile cultivating, and therefore consider this as valuable intervention to enhance their livelihoods?' A rejoinder required empirical research achieved over two phases exceeding a one and a half year period in Uganda. Forty-seven small-scale farmers were consulted in three differing locations sited within the 'fertile crescent' around Lake Victoria. Completion of life history timelines and photodiaries supplemented semi-structured interviews which took place on the homesteads of participants. Beneath the umbrella of a livelihood approach, the farmers expose broader aspects inhibiting positive outcomes related with involvement in banana tissue culture intervention programmes. The exploration further incorporates necessary discussion with scientists at the National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), National Agricultural Advisory (NAADS) extension agents, Non Government Organisations (NGOs) agriculture specialists and a private company, all stakeholders in some way of the banana tissue culture schemes. The analysis of the study is rooted in ecofeminist and disability studies theory, as consequently, by drawing out these connections and intricacies, proffers a rationale as to the foundation of a pervasive attitudinal bias clandestine in societies. These concepts underpin inequitable perceptions of poverty, women and people with disabilities in the present. The theoretical findings implore coalesce of authentic and inclusive investigative methods to represent 'the lived experience' of the farmer in a procedure not often applied in agricultural research.

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42

Rimmer, Jayne. "Small houses in late medieval York and Norwich". Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14091/.

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43

Chaichana, Ratcha. "Birds and the eutrophication of a system of small lakes". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494132.

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Brown Moss is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a part of a RAMSAR site located within a small catchment area in North Shropshire. Despite its small size, it is important and has ostensibly high ecological values. It comprises a series of standing water bodies that are crucial natural habitats for rare aquatic plants and animals such as Luronium natans (Linnaeus) and Triturus cristatus (Laurenti). However, located within such small catchment area, Brown Moss may have been eutrophicated by nutrients from land use and other factors around the site and this can lead to reduction of importance and ecological values. Being waterfowl habitats, the pools may also have become affected by nutrient input from birds and aquatic macrophytes communities may have been damaged.

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44

Doerge, T. A. y M. J. Ottman. "Predicting Late Season Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirements of Irrigated Durum Wheat Using Stem Nitrate Analyses". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201347.

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A field experiment was conducted on a Casa Grande sandy loam at the Maricopa Agricultural Center to 1) determine the optimum rates of late season N needed to achieve optimum yield and quality of irrigated dumm wheat in conjunction with varying rates of early season N, and 2) to evaluate the usefulness of stem NO₃⁻N analysis in predicting the late season N rates which optimize grain production but minimize the potential for nitrate pollution of groundwater. The application of 80, 195 and 350 lbs. N/a during vegetative growth resulted in wheat with deficient, sufficient and excessive N status at the boot stage as indicated by stem NO₃⁻N analysis. The application of 60 lbs. N/a at heading to N-deficient wheat and 15 lbs. N/a to N-sufficient wheat resulted in grain protein levels above 14% but had little effect on grain yield. Applications of N at heading to wheat which had previously received excessive N did not affect grain yield or quality. The use of stem NO₃⁻N analysis appears to be a useful tool in predicting the minimum N rate to be applied during the early reproductive period to insure acceptable levels of grain protein at harvest.

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45

Ruiz, ZoeÌˆ. "The physical limnology and dissolved oxygen regimes of small eutrophic lakes". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268582.

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46

Garaway, Caroline Jane. "Small waterbody fisheries and the potential for community-led enhancement : case studies in Lao PDR". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/12552.

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Based on case studies in Lao PDR, this research investigates the importance of small waterbody fisheries to rural households, the impact of enhancement initiatives on resources and resource users, and the opportunities and constraints of communityled enhancement. Detailed biological, socio-economic, and institutional data on small water body fisheries were collected and analysed in an integrated framework. Small waterbody fisheries contributed substantially to rural livelihoods, with average household catches of 66 kg/year, equivalent in value to approximately half the household rice production (the major crop grown in the region). Poorer households caught and sold more fish than other socio-economic groups. Active management of small waterbody fisheries by stocking and the regulation of fishing had significant impacts on fish stocks, yields, and the type, magnitude and distribution of benefits to villagers. Stocked fisheries managed by and for the village showed higher standing stocks and returns to fishing effort, and thus generated substantial efficiency benefits even though yields were not significantly higher than in unmanaged fisheries. Benefits were in the form of income to the community, partially passed on to households, (equally between socio-economic groups), through reduced financial contributions to the village. Institutional analysis suggests that locally adapted rules, ownership rights, low cost monitoring and enforcement, and information about benefits are key factors in promoting and sustaining community enhancement efforts, as well as the presence of individuals with substantial leadership skills. Results suggest that communities can and do successfully set up and maintain enhancement initiatives and that enhancement of small water body fisheries can generate substantial benefits. However these will only be sustained if it corresponds to villager's objectives and coincides with conducive institutional arrangements and, crucially, an enabling external policy environment. To achieve the full potential of enhancements, research should be aimed at furthering villager's understanding of the status and potential of their resource in terms of these objectives.

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47

Järvinen, Marko. "Control of plankton and nutrient limitation in small boreal brown-water lakes : evidence from small- and large-scale manipulation experiments". Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/ekolo/vk/jarvinen/.

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48

Andrén, Caroline. "Induction of HPV-16 Late Gene Expression Through Use of Small Molecule Drugs". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296269.

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Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. The principal cause of cervical cancer is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV-16 is a high-risk virus and it is responsible for a high portion of all HPV-caused cancers. The HPV-16 genome consists of early and late genes. The virus initially infects basal cells of the cervix epithelium and in these cells early genes are expressed, whilst late genes, L1 and L2, are only expressed in the upper cell layers of the epithelium. Proteins encoded by the late genes are highly immunogenic, thus it is speculated that expression of the late genes earlier in the virus life cycle could lead to clearance of the virus due to interference of the immune system. The aim of this study was to treat reporter cell lines with three different small molecule drugs to see if they had the ability to induce HPV-16 late gene expression. The reporter cell lines used in this study had been previously created by transfecting HeLa-cells with plasmids representing the HPV-16 genome. In these plasmids, L1 is replaced with a CAT reporter gene that encodes the CAT protein, which can be easily quantified using a sandwich ELISA. Upon treating the reporter cell lines with TPA, a significant induction of late gene expression was detected. Furthermore, treatment with valproic acid showed some induction of late gene expression. In conclusion, TPA and valproic acid was deemed to have potential to act as a candidate drugs for treatment of HPV infections.

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49

Amadio, Sidineia Aparecida. "The ecology of bream (Abramis brama) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) in small eutrophic lakes". Thesis, University of Essex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282471.

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50

Mrdjen, Igor. "Harmful Algal Blooms in Small Lakes: Causes, Health Risks, and Novel Exposure Prevention Strategies". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531135626251706.

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