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1
Plumb, Sarah. "The art of addiction : a phenomenological study of the lived experiences of cocaine dependents". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/902.
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Addiction is a complex social phenomenon resulting from psychological and physiological dependence. The aim of the study was to create a clinical impression of the lived experiences of cocaine dependents. A transcendental phenomenological approach was used to elicit the essence of addiction as experienced by the participants. Theoretical sampling ensured relevant participants were selected through haphazard sampling procedures. Data was collected through the use of biographical questionnaires and individual, semi-structured interviews with three cocaine dependents. Data was processed according to the four phenomenological principles epoche, phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation and synthesis using Tesch’s eight steps. The essence of cocaine dependency is contained in the psychological experiences of the drug which define and perpetuate that addiction. The psychological addiction develops prior to physical dependence resulting in an entrenched addiction before treatment is sought by the cocaine dependents.
2
Silva, Ana Cristina da. "Aspectos cronobiológicos de pacientes dependentes de crack : o trabalho como zeitgeber social". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115006.
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O trabalho é considerado um importante zeitgeber social. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o ritmo social de pacientes adultos dependente de crack, internados na Unidade de Adição/ Unidade Álvaro Alvim do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Método: Participaram da pesquisa 50 pacientes dependentes de crack, internados para desintoxicação e reabilitação, aos quais foram aplicados questionários sócio-demográficos que permitiram conhecer a situação social, de moradia, renda, trabalho e emprego, tratamentos prévios e rede sócio-assistencial dos participantes, questionário para avaliação de indivíduos matutinos e vespertinos, escala breve de avaliação de ritmo social e revisão de prontuário. Resultados: A média de idade da amostra foi de 34,6 anos, 54% solteiros, com maior predominância na religião católica (54,3%). Cerca de 40% dos indivíduos contam com renda familiar mensal de 3 salários mínimos ou mais. Dos indivíduos que estão trabalhando ou em benefício do INSS (60%), 14% desenvolve as suas atividades no comércio, e cerca de 12 % trabalham na construção civil. A média da regularidade das atividades desenvolvidas (HITs) ficou em torno de 5,8 e a média do montante de atividades desenvolvidas (ALIs) foi de 33,8. Não Houve diferença significativa na correlação entre abandono de tratamento. Com relação à ritimicidade (5,8), os pacientes internados apresentaram um alto índice de regularidade, comparados com pessoas sem uso de drogas não internadas (4,2).1. Não foi encontrada relação entre o cronotipo dos participantes e o resultado dos HITs e ALIs. Conclusão: Apesar de ser mencionado o trabalho como um dos principais motivos para abandono de tratamento, os resultados deste trabalho não sustentam esta premissa. A situação de trabalho e a profissão não estão associadas ao abandono prévio de tratamento. Por outro lado, contrariando nossa hipótese inicial, a escolaridade aparece de maneira significativa, sendo evidenciado que quanto maior a escolaridade maior o índice de abandono precoce. A relação entre HITs e ALIs sugere que quanto mais atividades desenvolvidas, maior a regularidade com que elas foram realizadas durante a internação. No entanto, estudos futuros de segmento serão necessários para avaliar a manutenção desta regularidade.Work is considered an important social zeitgeber. Objective: The aim of this study is describe the social rhythm of adult crack-cocaine users that are hospitalized in the Addiction Treatment Unite of the Hospital of Clinics of Porto Alegre. Method: 50 crack-cocaine users were interviewed after admission for detoxification and rehabilitation. We performed interviews with socio-demographic questionnaires that allowed us to access the social characteristics, housing, income, labor and employment, previous treatments and social assistance network. Also, they answer to a instrument to identify which individuals were morning or evening subjects, the Brief Social Rhythm Scale and chart review were assessed. Results: Mean age of the sample was 34.6 years old, and 54% of individuals reported to be single with predominance in the Catholic religion (54.3%). About 40% of the sample have a monthly family income of three minimum wages or more. Among individuals who are currently working or receive a benefit from Government (60%), 14% develop their activities in trade and 12% work in construction. The average of regularity of activities performed inside the inpatient unit (HITs) was around 5.8 and the average of amount of activities performed inside the inpatient unit (ALIs) was 33.8. There was no significant difference in the correlation between treatment dropout and rhythmicity. Regarding rhythmicity (5.8), hospitalized patients reported high levels of regularity when compared to individuals who were not hospitalized, neither had drug use (4.2) .1 We did not find a correlation between participant’s chronotipes and HITs and ALIs results. Conclusion: Despite work is cited as a major reason for treatment dropout, the results of this study do not support this premise. Work situation and the profession are not associated with prior treatment dropout. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, schooling appears as an important issue because it is significantly associated to early treatment dropout. The relationship between HITs and ALIs suggests that the more activities were developed, the greater the regularity with which they were performed during hospitalization. However, future follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the maintenance of this regularity.
3
Powell, Dawn Louise. "Maternal attitude towards unborn child in crack cocaine using and non-crack cocaine using mothers". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1994. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2578.
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The overall objective of this descriptive research was to show that there was no significant difference between the maternal attitude towards the unborn child in crack cocaine using and non-crack cocaine using mothers. The population was comprised of a total of 30 subjects, 15 crack cocaine users and 15 non-crack cocaine users, who were patients at Maternity and Infant Health in the Metropolitan Cleveland, Ohio area. The results revealed that there is statistical significance between the attitudes of crack cocaine using and non-crack cocaine using mothers. This statistical significance revealed that pregnant women that abuse crack cocaine during pregnancy have the same attitude towards their unborn child as pregnant women who do not abuse crack cocaine during pregnancy.
This study was an attempt to provide a clear understanding about crack cocaine addiction, the effects the addiction has on an unborn child and school age children and how pregnant women feel towards themselves and their unborn baby.
4
Kim, Shinja Rhea. "Pharmacokinectic and pharmacodynamic aspects of cocaine and its interaction with ethanol". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289511.
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The main purpose of the research described in this dissertation was to evaluate various aspects of cocaine in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics including: physiologically based-pharmacokinetics modeling; the influence of ethanol on cocaine disposition. Further, cocaine and cocaethylene (CE) were compared using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models. Lastly, PK-PD models after cocaine and a combination of cocaine and ethanol dose were developed. Cocaine was administered by iv with or without ethanol in rats. CE was formed only in the group of rats given cocaine in the presence of ethanol. The extent of benzoylecgonine formation from cocaine significantly suppressed in the presence of ethanol. There were no statistical differences in cocaine disposition kinetics following iv cocaine dose in the presence or absence of ethanol. The PB-PK model was developed to describe cocaine disposition in the rat, dog, monkey and ultimately for scaling to humans using information developed in animals. The model gave a good prediction of tissue concentration-time profiles in animals. The prediction of the plasma concentration-time data in humans was poor when using the same tissue-to-blood-partition coefficients (R) obtained in rats. However, an excellent prediction was obtained after R was adjusted for differences in the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (rat vs. humans). The PK-PD model for cocaine or CE was developed by analyzing literature data. CE appears to be less potent in producing euphorigenic effects and equipotent to cocaine in producing physiological effects (e.g., cardiovascular function). The sigmoid Emax model was selected to describe the relationship between the physiological and euphorigenic effects produced by cocaine, ethanol and CE and their respective concentrations in the effect compartment. This model gave a good prediction for those effects. It appears that increased heart rate and "cocaine high" after a combination dose of cocaine and ethanol compared to cocaine alone was due to both the increase in cocaine concentration and the CE formed following ethanol exposure. Similarly, increased effect of "any high" or "good effect" after a combined dose appears to be due to cocaine (in the presence of ethanol), ethanol and CE formed in the presence of cocaine and ethanol.
5
Johnson, Oliver J. "Precipitants to the incidence of relapse in cocaine- dependent African-American men". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1991. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/120.
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Precipitants to the incidence of relapse phenomena among cocaine—dependent African—American men may influence the quality of rehabilitative services which these men receive. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine precipitants to the incidence of relapse among cocaine—dependent African—American men who were participating in a variety of treatment programs. The sample consisted of 84 subjects. The instrument utilized was the African-American Male Cocaine Trigger Inventory. This Inventory measured the relapse risk potential of nine dimensions. These dimensions were as follows: Social Pressures/Romance, Mood States, Work Situations, Celebrations, Music/TV/Movies/Ads, Physical Conditions, Cocaine Focus, People, Places and Things, and Using Other Drugs. Data were analyzed using Frequency Analysis. Social Pressures/Romance and Mood States were identified by this sample as the two most frequently cited dimensions which were synonymous with the incidence of relapse. Implications for social workers, social work training, and areas for subsequent research complete this study.
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Van, Hout Marie Claire. "Social capital and the Irish drug scene : rural youth, cocaine and Irish travellers". Thesis, Teesside University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/117965.
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National prevalence surveys indicate that lifetime and recreational drug use among all social classes have increased steadily over the last decade in Ireland (Moran et al., 2001a, Mayock, 2002, National Advisory Committee on Drugs, 2008a). Drugs research has been traditionally based on the identification, weighting and interrelatedness of risk and protective factors within a "risk prevention paradigm". This paradigm has been criticised for its lack of inclusion of individual, group and wider structural aspects, and occurs within a greater awareness of greater social discourse and societal shifts. The research papers in this portfolio of work are thematically analysed and conceptualised within the theoretical framework of cognitive and structural social capital. The descriptive research and later, more conceptual papers investigating drug use among rural youth, Travellers and cocaine use, are thereby explored in terms of the potential ‘normalisation of rural youth drug use’ within contemporary risk discourse, the assimilatory threat of increasing drug use among the ‘Traveller community’., and the emergence of the ‘recreational cocaine user’ in Irish society. The social processes of individualisation, reciprocity and trust which constitute social capital are deemed to provide potent collective frameworks for the navigation of risk in day to day ‘localised’ settings. The ‘interrelated normative frameworks’ and ‘processes of risk neutralisation’ are underpinned within a wider social capital understanding of the meaning of drug activity in associational life based on ‘interpersonal and institutional trust’ and ‘mutual resource acquisition’. Contemporary drug policies must consider the contextual constraints of the ‘risk society’, which impact on inherent individual ‘power resources’, whereby individual agency and drug taking is better understood within situational agency of ‘localised’ social, gender, ethnic and cultural capital.
7
Hazim, Harun. "Cocaine usage and sentencing of African American males". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1815.
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Sherrill, Alex Keith. "A survey of alcohol, cocaine, marijuana use among sophomores, juniors and seniors in Asheville, N.C". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1987. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3120.
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Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study was to examine drug usage among students at Asheville High School.
Methods and Procedures
A questionnaire was issued for this project. The students were asked to respond to "yes" or "no" items, check all that apply, or fill in the blank.
This survey was issued to a sample of sixty (60) high school students on March 27, 1987. These students were sophomores, juniors and seniors from two Social Studies classes. The analysis of data examined the frequency and percentage of replies to each question.
Findings
The responses from the questionnaire indicate that peers have a greater influence on the adolescent's decision to use drugs. The answers from the questionnaire indicate that a majority of students consider alcohol as their drug of choice. Alcohol was considered as the drug of choice by peers and parents also. Marijuana was also considered a drug of choice by many students. Alcohol use was very high among female students.
Conclusion
Based on the total responses to the items listed in the questionnaire, the writer has concluded that there is a large percentage of students that abuse drugs at Asheville High School. These students prefer alcohol and marijuana over cocaine. The replies from the data indicate that peers have a greater influence on the adolescent's decision to use drugs.
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Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of Social Phobia". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
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Social phobia is a disabling, lifelong disorder characterised by fear in social settings.
The aim of the present study was to gain more knowledge about diagnostic, neurobiologic and epidemiologic aspects of social phobia.
Thirty-two individuals were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and II psychiatric disorders, the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory. Social phobia was accompanied by concurrent axis I disorders in about 28% of individuals, lifetime axis I disorders in 54%, personality disorders in 60%, and avoidant personality disorder (APD) in 47%. This suggests that there is a high comorbidity between social phobia and APD according to the DSM-IV criteria. The personality profiles associated with social phobia were dominated by anxiety-related traits that were primarily related to social phobia itself and not to the presence of concurrent personality disorders.
Eighteen subjects with social phobia and eighteen controls were investigated with positron emission tomography and the radiolabeled serotonin precursor, [3 -11C]–5-HTP (5-HTP). Individuals with social phobia demonstrated proportionally lower regional relative whole brain accumulation of 5-HTP in areas of the frontal and temporal cortices as well as the striatum, but higher accumulation in the cerebellum. This suggests that there are imbalances in presynaptic serotonin function in individuals with social phobia, although this could only be confirmed in men, and not in women.
By means of a postal survey, distributed to 2000 randomly selected individuals, social phobia in Sweden was found to be common, with a point prevalence of 15.6%.
10
Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of social phobia /". Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
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Lam, Dominic Hung. "Social cognitive aspects of depression". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295141.
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Raabe, Isabel Jasmin. "Social aspects of educational inequality". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:484c79ff-93a6-41bb-96e7-d3045e48b98a.
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Social factors have long been included in theories that aim at explaining educational inequality, for example social integration or social influence from significant others. Using social network data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU), I am investigating to what extent social aspects can contribute to our understanding of ethnic and gendered patterns in educational inequality. The first two empirical chapters focus on explaining ethnic patterns in school grades and in the aspirations to attend university. In these, I find a positive relationship between low school grades and extent of social exclusion, measured through the absence of friendships and the existence of social rejection from classmates. This helps explaining ethnic grade disadvantages of recently arrived migrants, since they are more likely to be socially excluded. Further, I use friendship network data to detect social clusters within school classes, and find that changes in cluster members' aspirations are relatively more important for changes in individual aspirations than the corresponding changes of classmates outside of the social cluster. These chapters use an ego-centric network approach, i.e. they utilise social network data to capture characteristics of the social dimension around individuals and analyse them in regression models on the individual level. The latter two empirical chapters investigate how social influence can stabilise gendered patterns of favourite subjects and competence beliefs. Examining why girls get discouraged from subjects in the field of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths (STEM), I find evidence for influence from friends on favourite subjects, as well as for the tendency of girls to be affected by the preferences of other girls in the classroom specifically when it comes to preferences for STEM subjects. Moreover, I show that there is a social influence from friends on maths competence beliefs, especially for boys, while girls tend to be more influenced by maths grades. These two chapters take a socio-centric approach, i.e. they deploy complete network analysis to detect patterns of social influence, while accounting for network structures and processes. This thesis shows that social aspects can contribute valuable insights into the study of educational choice and attainment. In identifying concrete social mechanisms surrounding and affecting individuals, this approach can thus help us understand how differences in educational outcomes come about.
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Islam, Leila. "Using Behavioral Incentives to Promote Exercise Compliance in Women with Cocaine Dependence". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3231.
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To date, low rates of patient compliance have made it impractical to study whether regular exercise can contribute to positive outcomes in women with substance use disorders (SUD). One robust strategy for promoting and maintaining behavior change is contingency management (CM). CM has been used successfully to reinforce drug abstinence, treatment attendance, and other pro-social behaviors. CM delivers incentives (prizes) contingent upon target behaviors, though can be expensive. To reduce costs, CM is often delivered with an escalating variable-ratio schedule, first tested by Petry and colleagues (2005). As a Stage Ib behavioral therapies development project (Rounsaville et al., 2001), the primary aim of the present study was to test the use of behavioral incentives (BI) to promote regular physical activity in a residential SUD treatment setting with cocaine-dependent women. The target was physical activity, which was objectively defined at two levels: 30 minutes of treadmill walking at any pace and treadmill walking at moderate intensity. Specifically, a pilot RCT compared rates of physical activity over a six-week study period in a sample of N = 17 women with Cocaine Dependence. N = 10 were randomized to BI group and n = 7 were placed in the control (C) group. All participants completed baseline assessment, attended a 45-minute health and fitness education class, and were scheduled in exercise sessions three days/week. Those randomized to BI, however, were eligible three days/week, to receive incentives for meeting the target behavior(s). Follow-up assessment occurred at 3-weeks and 6-weeks post-randomization (midpoint and end of intervention), and 4-weeks post-discharge from the residential program. The primary outcome variables (percentage of sessions completed and total time spent in scheduled sessions) were used for effect size estimations, which were then used to perform power analyses so that sample size calculations could be estimated for the design of a Stage II RCT. A significant Group effect demonstrated that the BI group spent a significantly greater number of total minutes in scheduled exercise sessions than the C group. This dissertation provided benchmark data on the utility of BI for promoting physical activity for women with cocaine dependence. These promising findings support the use of BI procedures to promote exercise compliance, which will ultimately allow scientists to better develop SUD programs that directly utilize the mental and physical health benefits of physical activity.
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Miller, Adam Wayne. "The effect of chronic cocaine administration on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses to maximal exercise in untrained male rats". Scholarly Commons, 1990. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2202.
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Athletes have continually sought to improve their physical performance. In order to accomplish this, athletes experiment with performance enhancing drugs, which are readily available to the athlete today. Cocaine, being one of them, is traditionally and popularly believed to increase muscular endurance and possess anti-fatiguing properties. The scientific literature as to whether cocaine is truly a performance enhancing drug is inconclusive. Moreover, few if any studies have been conducted on exercise performance following long term, repeated cocaine administration. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of 35 days of cocaine administration (25 mg/kg/day) on maximal endurance exercise capacity. Data were collected from six untrained male Sprague-Dawley rats. Resting and exercise heart rate and body temperature were recorded via radio telemetery. Running time to exhaustion was recorded via one weekly maximal treadmill exercise bout to exhaustion (26 m/min, at a 10% grade). Compared to saline controls, cocaine significantly decreased run time to exhaustion, following acute and chronic administration. Cocaine administration also significantly decreased maximal exercise heart rate. Chronic cocaine had minimal effects on resting heart rate and resting and exercise body temperature during maximal exercise conditions. These data indicate that daily, chronic cocaine administration significantly reduces endurance exercise capacity, and suggests that the decreased physical work capacity following cocaine is related to a decreased ability of the heart to function under maximal exercise conditions.
15
Kolnik, Shira. "Responding to Joint Attention: Growth and Prediction to Subsequent Social Competence in Children Prenatally Exposed to Cocaine". Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/158.
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Responding to Joint Attention (RJA) involves an infant's ability to follow a gaze or point by a partner. Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), which places a child in danger of numerous risks, has been accepted as having subtle effects on developmental outcomes such as social competence and associated socio-emotional outcomes. The current study looked at a sample of 166 children prenatally exposed to cocaine who were attending an early intervention program. The study established group and individual trajectories of responding to joint attention from 12, 15, and 18 months of age. Hierarchical modeling identified two groups, a delay group and an average group, while individual trajectories identified a linear pattern of growth of RJA. Both individual and group trajectories indicated that children with higher RJA from 12 to 18 months demonstrated better social competence at three years of age and first grade. The delay and average group showed significant differences on later social competence measures, but not problem behaviors, such that RJA, a positive behavior, may connect more closely with later positive behaviors than with behavior problems. RJA may therefore be useful in a preventative intervention targeted at enhancing positive social behaviors and as an important and simple screening tool for possible delay early in a child's life, helping to deliver early intervention services in a targeted and effective manner.
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Sibole, Janet Marie. "Induction and expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization: Modulation by a partial D₂-like agonist". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2438.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a partial D₂-like dopamine agonist (i.e. terguride) would block the induction or expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in pre-weanling rats. The ability of terguride to induce behavioral sensitization was also examined, as partial D₂-like agonists have agonistic actions in cases of low dopaminergic tone.
17
Walker, Carolyn J. "An exploratory descriptive study of ego strength, self-esteem, and self-acceptance of cocaine addicted and non-drug dependent mothers". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1991. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1161.
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This exploratory descriptive study examined variables which will help social workers to better understand cocaine addicted mothers. The following factors were identified:
(a) Ego Strength
(b) Self-Esteem
(c) Self-Acceptance.
A forty-six (46) item self-administered questionnaire was given to the sample population of thirty females ranging in age from eighteen to forty (18-40). Fifteen (15) of the cocaine addicted mothers were in treatment at a local metropolitan hospital; fifteen (15) of the non-drug dependent mothers were attending a local metropolitan college.
The findings revealed that there is no significant difference in the ego strength, self-esteem, and self acceptance of cocaine addicted mothers and non-drug dependent mothers.
18
Domenech, Aparisi T. A. "Social aspects of industrial symbiosis networks". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/762629/.
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The field of industrial ecology aims to transform industry into cyclical systems so that the “waste of one process can be used as resource for another process” (Frosch and Galloupoulos, 1989). Within this field, Industrial Symbiosis (IS) has emerged as a set of exchange structures to advance to a more eco-efficient industrial system, by establishing inter-organisational networks of waste material and energy exchanges. Even though the area has attracted much academic attention and has been reported to lead to economic and environmental benefits (Chertow and Lombardi, 2005), initially, most of the contributions focused on the engineering and technical feasibility of the exchanges, whereas social elements remained mostly unaddressed. Although relevant literature has partly addressed this gap and recognized the role played by social aspects, there is still little understanding of how social mechanisms work; how they affect the emergence and operation of IS networks and, most importantly, there is a lack of comprehensive frameworks for the analysis of the soft elements of IS. This research has been designed to contribute to these areas, by exploring the social aspects surrounding IS networks and providing a framework for their analysis. The framework provided covers the material, social and discursive dimensions of IS networks and focus on the dynamic analysis of the interaction between them. The research design relies on the cross-comparison of a number of IS networks: Kalundborg (Denmark), Sagunto (Spain) and NISP (UK). Social Network Analysis and Discourse Analysis have been used as main methodological approaches. Findings of the research cover two key areas: 1) the formulation of a comprehensive analytical framework that addresses the social dimension of IS initiatives in a systematic and integrative way and 2) empirical learning on the main social processes affecting the operation of IS networks.
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Dimitrova, Teodora. "Social Dumping: Theoretical and Empirical Aspects". [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-22873.
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Hattingh, Coenraad Jacobus. "Neurobiological aspects of social anxiety disorder". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10865.
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This thesis investigates the functional neuroanatomy of SAD [Social Anxiety Disorder] using an activation likelihood-estimate meta-analysis (ALE meta-analysis), and explores the structural basis of SAD using a cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter volume analysis.
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Eisemann, Martin. "Psychosocial aspects of depressive disorders". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101299.
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The objective of this study was to elucidate the possible importance of factors from the social environment for the development of depression. As a theoretical framework, Engel's biopsychosocial model (Engel, 1980), based on systems theory, has been applied. Proceeding from the single individual (characterized by experience, personality, behaviour) as the highest level of the organismic hierarchy the following system levels have been taken into account: dyads, family, community, culture-subculture. The depressive patients (n=lll) showed to be living in a narrowed social network and to lack confiding relationships compared with a non-psychiatric control sample (n=98). The personality characteristics (e.g. anxiety, detachment, suspicion) of the patients were related to experienced loneliness, contact difficulties, social network features and leisure activities. By means of a discriminant analysis 83% of the subjects could be correctly classified. In a study of perceived parental rearing, depressives showed to have experienced lack of emotional warmth. As regards social class an overrepresentation of social class III in the subgroups of unipolar, bipolar and unspecified depression was observed. Finally, implications for treatment are discussed in favour of a combination of drug and cognitive psychotherapy. Future research strategies are also suggested.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1985, härtill 8 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
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Coelho, Leda Rúbia Maurina. "Habilidades sociais e de enfrentamento no tratamento de usuários de crack". Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7844.
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Previous issue date: 2016This thesis describes the development and evaluation of the effects of a coping and social skills training – CSST program for people who use crack, using as an intervention approach the Relapse Prevention Model. Initially the theoretical and practical contexts of the research are presented, addressing the issues that this thesis set out to answer. To clarify these questions the thesis was structured in three sections. In the first section, the mixed design study aimed to investigate the coping skills and strategies of individuals who use crack. Participants had a lower middle repertoire in the “Inventário de Habilidades de Enfrentamento Antecipatório para a Abstinência de Álcool e outras Drogas – IDHEA-AD” and from transcripts of the interviews were created four categories:"Coping skills and plans for risk situations","Expression of feelings," "Emotional self-control" and "Avoidance strategies". The description of social skills repertoire, anticipatory coping skills and self-efficacy of crack users before, immediately after completion of the training program and after three months is presented in section II. The findings of this quasi-experimental study demonstrated that participants had higher self-efficacy CSST scores for maintaining abstinence afterwards intervention. As for the overall IDEA-AD scores and the factors 1 -"Assertiveness and planning for high-risk situations and substance consumption" and 2 -"Emotional expression of positive feelings for abstinence maintenance" presented themselves lower middle before CSST as repertoire below average at the end of the intervention, and in-depth repertoire above average after three months. For the factor 3 scores -"Emotional self-control in adverse situations" participants had a good repertoire of coping skills in the initial assessment, increasing to in-depth repertoire in the post-CSST and thus remaining at follow-up. In analysis of overall scores and IHS-Del-Prette factors participants retained the measures unchanged during the pursuance, presenting a good repertoire of social skills. In section III predictive factors in crack withdrawal were studied. In this prospective investigation the following variables were considered as predictive of abstinence: be working in the initial assessment, improved performance in block design and digit span WAIS-III subtests, higher grades in IDHEA-AD final score, and especially in Factor 1, which refers to the assertive coping skills and plans for drug use risk situations. Variables gender, age, be studying, education, family income, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, self-efficacy for abstinence from illicit drugs and participation in CSST program did not predict crack withdrawal.
A presente tese aborda o desenvolvimento e a avaliação dos efeitos de um programa de treinamento de habilidades sociais e de enfrentamento - THSE para pessoas que usam crack, utilizando como abordagem de intervenção o Modelo de Prevenção de Recaída. Inicialmente são apresentados os contextos teórico e prático da pesquisa, abordando as questões que esta tese se propôs a responder. Para elucidar estes questionamentos a tese foi estruturada em três seções. Na primeira seção, o estudo de delineamento misto teve como objetivo investigar as estratégias e habilidades de enfrentamento de indivíduos que usam crack. Os participantes apresentaram um repertório médio inferior no Inventário de Habilidades de Enfrentamento Antecipatório para a Abstinência de Álcool e outras Drogas - IDHEA-AD, e foram criadas quatro categorias a partir das transcrições das entrevistas coletivas: “Habilidades de enfrentamento assertivas e planos para situações de risco”, “Expressão de sentimentos”, “Autocontrole emocional” e “Estratégias de evitação”. A descrição do repertório de habilidades sociais, habilidades de enfrentamento antecipatório, bem como a autoeficácia de pessoas usuárias de crack antes, imediatamente depois o término do programa de treinamento e após três meses é apresentada na seção II. Os achados deste estudo quase experimental demonstraram que os participantes do THSE apresentaram maiores escores de autoeficácia para manutenção da abstinência após a intervenção. Já os escores total IDHEA-AD e dos fatores 1 - “Assertividade e planejamento para situações de alto risco e consumo de substâncias” e 2 - “Expressão emocional de sentimentos positivos para manutenção da abstinência” apresentaram-se médio inferiores antes do THSE, como repertório abaixo da média logo ao término da intervenção, e como repertório elaborado acima da média após três meses. Para os escores do fator 3 - “Autocontrole emocional em situações adversas” os participantes apresentaram um bom repertório de habilidades de enfrentamento na avaliação inicial, passando para um repertório elaborado no pós-THSE e mantendo-se assim no follow-up. Na análise dos escores total e dos fatores do IHS-Del- Prette os participantes conservaram as medidas inalteradas ao longo do seguimento, apresentando um bom repertório de habilidades sociais. Na seção III foram estudados os fatores preditivos na abstinência de crack. Nesta investigação prospectiva foram preditivas de abstinência as seguintes variáveis: estar trabalhando na avaliação inicial, melhor desempenho nos subtestes WAIS-III de cubos e dígitos, maiores pontuações no escore total do IDHEA-AD, e especialmente no Fator 1 que refere-se as habilidades de enfrentamento assertivas e a planos para situações de risco de uso de drogas. As variáveis sexo, idade, estar estudando, escolaridade, renda familiar, bem como sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, autoeficácia para abstinência de drogas ilícitas e a participação no programa de THSE não predisseram abstinência de crack.
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Valenzuela, Musura Rafael y Francesco Albarosa. "Social Sustainability Aspects of Agile Project Management : An Exploratory Study of Social Sustainability Aspects in Agile Project Management". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130909.
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Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore a new perspective within the sustainability of project management theoretical area. The research focuses on verifying the existence of interconnections between Agile Project Management and Social Sustainability, and on understanding how Agile Project Management impacts organisational social dynamics from a Social Sustainability point of view. Research Methodology/ Approach/ Design: Through an in-depth single-holistic case study, the research investigates the social dynamics taking place amongst the members of an international IT company, applying an agile project management framework since more than two years. A total of six extensive semi-structured interviews have been carried out with people covering different positions within the company. By working on qualitative data from the interviews, the researchers obtained an in-vivo set of interconnected concepts. The analysis work consisted in qualitatively analysing these concepts and relations in order to build a network diagram reproducing graphically the interconnections existing between Agile Project Management elements and the Social Sustainability factors proposed by Missimer et al. (2016a, 2016b). Research Findings: The findings - obtained through the analysis of the network diagram - have been analysed with the lenses of the five factors, that have not to be degraded in order to ensure the social sustainability of a social system. It has been found that implementation of Agile Project Management, within the company’s environment, has impacted the organisation’s social dynamics in several ways. These impacts influenced in a direct or indirect way individual’s “Health”, their “Capacity to Influence”, their “Capacity to Acquire New Competences”, and their “Capacity of Meaning-Making”. By analysing the type of influence APM has on these four aforementioned factors, it has been found that it influences positively all of them. This allowed us to conclude that, according to Missimer et al. definition of Social Sustainability, Agile Project Management shows several interconnections to Social Sustainability and that it seems to benefit organisational internal social dynamics making them more socially sustainable. Research limitations: Because of the exploratory nature of the research, the empirical study has been based on a single in-depth case study. However, generalisability of the findings are limited by the inherent limitations of this inquiry strategy. Further researches will allow to verify and eventually expand or complete the proposed model. Originality/value: This research contributes to a detailed understanding of the existing relations between Agile Project Management and Social Sustainability theory. This represents a completely new point of view in the studies of Sustainability of Project Management, suggesting the validity of a new stream of research focusing on Agile Project Management as a new project management process through which promote corporate sustainability.
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Ferrell, Angelishea A. "An exploratory descriptive study to examine the relationship between self-esteem and spirtuality among African-American women recovering from crack cocaine addiction". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2002. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/109.
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This study examined the relationship between African-American women addicted to crack cocaine and the role that spirituality and self-esteem plays in their recovery. The sample consisted of thirty African-American women. They were all customers of the Adopt-A-Family Program, having been in treatment from one to thirteen months for their addiction. The questionnaire was distributed by the agency to the thirty women and contained questions related to the independent variable, crack cocaine addiction, and the dependent variables (spirituality and self-esteem). Answers were based on a Lilcert-type scale where one equal rarely or none of the time and five equal most of the time. After conducting a statistical analysis using Chi-square test and running the frequencies of the variables, it was proven that there is a statistically significant relationship between the variables. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected.
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Kavanagh, Christopher. "Individual pains and social gains : the personal and social consequences of collective dysphoric rituals". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e2e0f4de-ccf1-4962-87fe-4d7fa48faf75.
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This thesis presents the results of a multi-method exploration of the effects of collective dysphoric rituals on self-identification, group affiliation, and prosocial behaviour. Findings are presented from a worldwide sample of martial artists, student participants in artificial ritual experiments, and observers and performers of Shinto firewalking festivals in Japan. The thesis tests recent predictions of the Modes of Religiosity theory in regards to the psychological processes that underpin shared dysphoric rituals and various costly signalling theories concerning the group orientated consequences of participating in extreme ritual events. The results from the studies raise questions with the broader generalisability of recent findings linking collective dysphoric rituals and inclusive self- identification and urge for a more nuanced appraisal of associations with prosocial behaviour. Furthermore, the role of subjective positive assessment of dysphoric experiences is shown to be a topic that has been unduly overlooked and preliminary evidence is provided for a potential relationship with identity fusion. Methodologically the thesis presents a series of novel artificial ritual studies that offer initial evidence in support of shared dysphoria's ability to enhance cooperation and promote positive ingroup association.
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Cirillo, Jasmin. "Social & psychobiological aspects of whispered speech". [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2003/302/index.html.
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Kennerley, H. A. "Psychological and social aspects of maternity blues". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371549.
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Da, Silva Jack. "Ecological aspects of Eurasian badger social structure". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252789.
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Sittlington, Julie. "The psycho-social aspects of infant feeding". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529510.
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Fauré, Eléonore. "Sustainability goals combining social and environmental aspects". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191524.
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This thesis examines how to take into account both environmental and social sustainability goals to be used in scenarios or in policymaking. In paper I, we select four sustainability goals that have to be fulfilled by 2050 in normative future scenarios for Sweden in a degrowth context. Two goals address ecological challenges, climate change and land use issues specifically. The other two goals address social issues and deal with participation and influence in society as well as resource security and distribution. The environmental goals will require significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use compared to today's levels. The social goals are within reach today, although the degree of fulfillment differs across different groups in society. In paper II, we review existing and suggested climate or energy targets at a global, national and local scale and search for justice perspectives or for proposals for such perspectives. We find that the justice aspect is not explicitly formulated in existing climate and energy targets and that, the community of justice i.e. the receivers of benefits or burdens, in our reviewed examples, is limited to human beings, thereby excluding all other living beings. In paper III, we assess how four different backcasting scenarios for land use in a Swedish context, all of which fulfil a climate target of zero CO2 emissions in 2060, impact on other sustainability goals. We conduct a goal conflict analysis between the chosen climate goal and the other Swedish environmental goals, the gender equity goals and the public health goal. We find that there are more potential goal conflicts in scenarios with no global climate agreement. From the results of all three papers, I then discuss several aspects that have to be taken into account when setting goals, such as the major uncertainties associated with long-term goals, the elusiveness, the normativity of goals and the need to separate goals from the means to achieve the goals.Utsläpp av växthusgaser (GHG) och andra miljöproblem, såsom förlust av biologisk mångfald, markanvändning och övergödning av sötvatten och marina kustekosystem, är stora utmaningar för mänskligheten. De planetära gränser för dessa områden har redan överskridits. Av de 16 svenska miljömålen för 2020, vars syfte är att lösa dessa ödesfrågor, bedöms bara ett – "Ett skyddande ozonskikt" – uppnås i tid. Vad gäller sociala mål på global nivå fram till 2015 – FN:s Milleniemål – har visserligen betydande framsteg gjorts på en del områden, t.ex. jämställdhet i utbildningen, men utfallet skiljer sig mellan länder och inom länder med avseende på socioekonomisk grupp och kön. Denna avhandling undersöker hur man kan ta hänsyn till både miljömässiga och sociala hållbarhetsmål som ska användas i framtidsscenarier eller som underlag till beslutsfattande. I artikel I väljs fyra hållbarhetsmål i en tvärvetenskaplig process. Målen ska uppfyllas 2050 i s.k. normativa framtidsscenarier (backcasting) för Sverige i en kontext av nedväxt eller låg tillväxt. De två första målen handlar om klimatförändringar och markanvändningsfrågor. De två andra är sociala mål och omfattar delaktighet och inflytande i samhället samt tillgång till resurser och fördelning av dessa. För att uppnå de valda miljömålen, kommer drastiska minskningar av växthusgasutsläpp (GHG) och markanvändning att behövas, jämfört med dagens situation. Båda de sociala målen är inom räckhåll i dag, även om graden av uppfyllelse skiljer sig mellan olika grupper i samhället. I artikel II genomförs en kvalitativ dokumentanalys för att samla information om befintliga och föreslagna klimat- och energimål på global, nationell och lokal nivå. Vi letar också efter rättviseperspektiv i befintliga klimat- och energimål samt förslag till sådana perspektiv i föreslagna mål i den vetenskapliga litteraturen liksom i rapporter från miljöorganisationer. En slutsats är att rättvisa inte är uttryckligen formulerat i befintliga klimat- och energimål. Vi använder en teoretisk ram för social rättvisa som skiljer mellan vem som ger och får det som fördelas, vad som fördelas (rättvisevaluta) och hur det fördelas (distributionsprinciper). Utifrån vår analys fann vi att en egalitär princip används för de flesta föreslagna målen, exempelvis för globala mål om utsläpp av växthusgaser per capita. Samtliga av de granskade målen omfattar endast rättvisa mellan människor och exkluderar därmed andra levande varelser. I artikel III analyserar vi hur fyra olika backcastingscenarier för markanvändning i ett svenskt sammanhang år 2060 påverkar andra hållbarhetsmål när ett klimatmål om noll CO2-utsläpp är uppfyllt. Med hjälp av en matris gör vi en målkonfliktanalys med de övriga svenska miljömålen, jämställdhetsmål och mål för folkhälsan med dess 11 tillhörande målområden. Analysen visar att de potentiella målkonflikterna är fler i scenarier utan globalt klimatavtal. Detta beror främst på att vissa miljöfrågor måste behandlas på global nivå, samt att minskningen i miljöpåverkan kommer att bero på åtgärder som inte bara vidtagits i Sverige utan också globalt. Utifrån dessa tre artiklar diskuterar jag sedan olika aspekter som måste beaktas vid fastställandet av mål. Eftersom hållbarhetsmål är långsiktiga och kännetecknas av en hel del osäkerhet diskuterar jag behovet av att sätta upp "försiktigt utopiska mål" (cautiously utopian goals), det vill säga mål som kan vara omöjliga att uppnå, men möjliga att närma sig. Sådana mål kan få till stånd de djupgående förändringar som krävs för en hållbar och rättvis framtid samtidigt som de är acceptabla för de intressenter som berörs. Mål är ofta otydliga vad gäller vad som ingår eller inte. Vad gäller klimatmålen, exempelvis, är det ofta otydligt huruvida utsläpp från handel är inkluderade eller ej och vilket referensår en viss utsläppsminskning baseras på. Sådana avgränsningar bör synliggöras och helst diskuteras med avseende på hur de kan påverka till exempel andra länders utsläppsminskningar. Det finns också ett behov att skilja mål från medel för att uppnå målen, eftersom det gör det möjligt att formulera mål som kan uppnås på olika sätt. Ekonomisk tillväxt ses ofta som ett mål i sig, såsom i FN:s nya hållbarhetsmål (SDGs). Tillväxt borde dock betraktas som ett rent verktyg för att uppnå egentliga mål rörande, exempelvis, välbefinnande. Mål är också normativa och återspeglar både olika kulturella och etiska perspektiv på vad en god hälso- och sjukvård eller bostadsstandard bör vara. De underliggande värdena bör därför också synliggöras och ifrågasättas. Både inter- och intragenerationella rättviseperspektiv bör göras mer konkreta och tydliga så att sådana frågor kan följas upp. En bra start kan vara att förutom ett territoriellt perspektiv börja använda ett konsumtionsperspektiv vid upprättandet av klimat-eller markanvändningsmål, då effekten av vår konsumtion på andra länders miljö och hälsa har ökat under de senaste årtiondena.
QC 20160901
Beyond GDP Growth
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Belaunde, Plenge Walther. "Social Responsibility Expenses: Tax Aspects to Consider". Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118609.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a way of doing business that assumes a more active role in relation to everyone involved in such activity and to anyone who could be affected in anyway by it. Thus, the corporation becomes an agent who must adopt principles and policies for all of its activities, not only to prevent negative consequences but also to obtain larger benefits for its workers, shareholders, neighbors, community, among others.This paper analyses if the expenses on CSR are tax deductible for Income Tax purposes, focusing mainly in what is referred to as social and environmental expenses, which are the ones that demand the most resources.La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) es una forma de realizar actividades empresariales asumiendo un rol más activo en relación a todos aquellos que forman parte de dicha actividad y de aquellos que pueden verse afectados de otra manera por las mismas. Así la empresa pasa a ser un actor que debe adoptar principios y políticas que acompañen a todas sus actividades no sólo para que no tengan consecuencias adversas, sino para que las mismas tengan mayores beneficios para sus trabajadores, accionistas, vecinos, comunidad, entre otros.En el artículo se analiza si los Gastos de responsabilidad social son deducibles para fines del Impuesto a la Renta, enfocándonos principalmente en los denominados gastos sociales y ambientales que son los que mayores recursos demandan.
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Brown, Adam. "Social aspects of communication in Parkinson's disease". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10108.
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Parkinson's disease is a degenerative neurological condition which affects motor control, in almost all cases involving speech, and is frequently of many years duration. Much is known about speech production but less of the psychosocial consequences of the speech impairment (dysarthria). Accounts of people with dysarthria have shown that its impact on quality of social participation can be varied and profound. However, level of participation has not been investigated. Reduction in social activity and social networks has been found following onset of other neurogenic communication disorders. In Parkinson's disease there is some evidence of social activity reduction but this has not been studied in relation to severity of dysarthria. Social anxiety has been found to be raised in speakers with other speech production impairments and this may be a contributor to reduction in social engagement. Investigation of social variables is of importance in understanding relationships within a biopsychosocial model of health which underpins intervention for therapies for communication disorders. Aims The study aimed to investigate the impact of dysarthria on social participation and whether presence of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD) resulted in changes to social anxiety, social networks and social activity. It further sought to investigate whether severity of dysarthria resulted in changes to the same variables. Method A group of 43 mild-moderately dysarthric speakers with PD were recruited. Exclusion criteria were applied to control for cognitive impairment, depression, apathy, movement disability and co-occurring neurological and communication impairment. A group of 30 non-neurologically impaired participants were recruited matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status and educational attainment. Participants with PD were further grouped using measures of sentence intelligibility and motor speech impairment into higher and lower functioning groups. All participants completed a social anxiety questionnaire, a social activity checklist and detailed their social network. Group data were compared to address the research questions. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with all participants to explore change to social life and perceptions of causes of change. Results Participants reported a range of changes to interaction and social engagement arising from speech and other impairments and also from intra and interpersonal contextual factors. Quantitative data showed that presence of dysarthria was associated with social anxiety and avoidance but not changes to social activity level or social network size. Greater severity of dysarthria was associated with deterioration in social activities and social network. There was wide individual variation on these variables. Outcomes Impact of dysarthria may be significant and unrelated to severity of impairment and satisfaction with level of activity is low in dysarthric speakers. Mild - moderately dysarthric speakers with PD may experience social anxiety in particular types of social situation. Moderately dysarthric speakers may experience loss of social capital in terms of quantitative changes in social networks and social activities. Motor speech impairment was a better predictor of social functioning than intelligibility in this sample. It is possible that a threshold for change lies at a more severe level of speech involvement. How speakers with PD perceive and experience their social interactions is discussed and limitations to the research are considered. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the ICF framework and the concept of social capital.
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McKenzie, Samantha L. "Psychological and social aspects of bariatric surgery". Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4936.
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This portfolio has three parts. The first is a systematic literature review, in which the psychological and social factors associated with successful weight loss after bariatric surgery are reviewed. The second part is an empirical paper, which investigates the experiences of women who have successfully lost weight following bariatric surgery, specifically with reference to changes in self-concept. Seven women were interviewed and emergent themes were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Nine subthemes were identified, clustered into three superordinate themes: (1) 'obesity as socially unacceptable', (2) 'making a case for surgery', and (3) 'the slim self as socially acceptable'. Links to self-concept were made, and clinical implications were discussed. The third part of the portfolio comprises of the reflective statement and appendices.
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Sekudu, Johannah. "Abortion : a social work study". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28535.
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Malone, Chad Allen. "Behind the Drug Wars: Determinants and Consequences of State Crack and Powder Cocaine Laws, 1976 – 2011". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436974322.
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Buch, Wes. "Anorexia nervosa and social network". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28588.
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Aspects of the social networks of anorexic (N=34) and non-anorexic (N=35) women were examined according to hypotheses derived from social network theory and research and from the literature pertaining to anorexia nervosa. The nature of the social network was discussed from the perspective of Pattison's (1977a) psychodynamic psychosocial systems theory. Subjects were compared on selected social network variables using the Pattison Psychosocial Inventory (PPI). The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) and the Family Environment Scale (FES) were used to investigate the contribution of certain personality and environmental variables to social network variation. Statistical analyses of the difference between means were tested using the Hotelling's T² procedure followed by univariate t-tests. Analyses of proportions were performed using z-tests. The Bonferroni inequality was employed in order to reduce the probability of Type I error when determining the statistical significance of the univariate t-tests and z-tests.
The null hypothesis was accepted for the majority of the results. Only one social network variable, total network size, significantly differentiated anorexic and control subjects, although several other variables were approaching statistical significance. Various contrasting explanations of the results were discussed. For example, it is possible that anorexia nervosa is not a homogeneous or singular nosological entity and does not inevitably result in predictable and largely invariant social impairment. It was proposed that recent typologies of anorexia nervosa may yield significant between-group variation in social network variables. Furthermore, social networks may vary with the degree of severity and/or chronicity of the anorexic condition.
The correlational analyses produced several statistically significant results. Regarding environmental (FES) variables, both cohesion and independence were positively correlated with support from family network members. Contrary to hypotheses, however, interpersonal effectiveness (CPI) achieved only weak
and non-significant correlations with social network size and support.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Dubois, Mikael. "Prevention and social insurance : conceptual and ethical aspects /". Stockholm : Department of Philosophy and the Histoty of Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4277.
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Clark, Kim Julie. "Aspects of social alienation in Benjamin Constant's 'Adolphe'". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394087.
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Lloyd, Michael. "Aspects of the social organisation of "male infertility"". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6527.
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This dissertation revolves around three main elements: 'male infertility'; existing social science research on infertility; and ethno methodology. The substantive topic 'male infertility' is enclosed in quotation marks for two reasons. First, following the overall form of ethno methodological inquiry, the aim is to explicate how the sense and order of 'male infertility' is constituted through available socially organised procedures; hence, the quotation marks are used to 'bracket' the phenomenon and focus on the methods that make it available. Second, 'male infertility' is a convenient shorthand topic label, a general organising concept, as opposed to a precise label for a tightly defined phenomenon.
While this study's approach makes it very different to existing sociological studies of infertility, the difference is not to the extent of isolation - a strong attempt is made to engage with prior studies. Often this engagement takes a critical form, the general argument being that sociological studies which approach phenomena for the way they 'bear the marks' of societal structures, will ignore the incarnate orderliness of social action - that is, the way social action is readily explicable to members, in and as it occurs, using the resources at-hand, with 'no time-out'. Ethno methodology suggests that this ready explicability is based upon taken-for-granted, socially organised sense-assembly practices - thus, this study's argument that the content, the intelligibility of 'male infertility is interdependent with the social scenes and embedded socially organised procedures, with and within which 'male infertility' is found. Form and content stand or fall together. Consistent with this viewpoint, four empirical analyses of the social organisation of 'male infertility' are offered. The specific topics discussed are: the conversational disclosure of infertility; the language of reproduction; humour and infertility; and high rates of non-response by men in studies of infertility.
In general, the empirical analyses are 'indifferent' to the topic of study, that is, there is no overriding aim of offering practical correctives or broader socio-political critique. However, in at least one empirical chapter a more critical stand is taken, and, in the concluding chapter, it is argued that an ethno methodological descriptivist approach can have socio-political implications. Overall, the study supports the growing trend for ethno methodological insights to be utilised in the study of substantive topics; and, since the dissertation is a form of writing 'anew', it can be considered to minimally change 'male infertility' as a form of life.
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Philippon, Axelle Christine Irêne. "Social, cognitive and methodological aspects in earwitness identification". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439179.
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Tsapos, Christos L. "Passive solar building performance : energy and social aspects". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368062.
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Glass, Thomas Westbrook. "Essays on the distributional aspects of Social Security /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Breed, C. Kathleen. "Fear, censure and crime : social aspects of modernity". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272390.
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Kotsidis, Vasileios. "Aspects of pro-social behaviour : theory and experiments". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51676/.
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Chapter 1 introduces the work, providing an overview of the common themes underlying the research and outlining the focus and approach particular to each project. Chapter 2 proposes a game-theoretic model that shows how moral preferences can emerge endogenously to promote material outcomes and traces their relationships with the fundamentals of the environment. The analysis indicates that the instilling of moral values can act as a commitment mechanism that counteracts the detrimental effects of behavioural biases. The greater the effect of such biases on the agents’ decisions (and, thus, payoffs), the more expanded the scope for morality. The study in chapter 3 tests the performance of a leading account of social preferences, namely the model of inequality aversion proposed by Fehr and Schmidt (1999), in tracking behaviour. It does so through an appropriately designed experiment. The aim is to evaluate if the account can consistently anticipate people’s behaviour. The results suggest that the model performs well only with respect to people that exhibit either very high or very low aversion to advantageous payoff inequality. The study in chapter 4 repeats the exercise reported in chapter 3, this time with respect to an account of social preferences that builds on the idea of social norm compliance, in particular, the one proposed by Krupka and Weber (2013). The aim is again to evaluate if the model performs well in consistently tracking people’s behaviour. The results do not offer much support for the explanatory power of the model. The individuals that exhibit the least concern about adhering to social norms and are choosing the payoff-maximising options are the only ones the actions of whom match the model’s predictions. Chapter 5 summarises the findings of this thesis and concludes.
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Penn, Simon Andrew Christopher. "Social and economic aspects of fourteenth century Bristol". Thesis, University of Bolton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.731703.
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Wang, Junshi, Ryan M. Bastle, Caroline E. Bass, Ronald P. Hammer, Janet L. Neisewander y Ella M. Nikulina. "Overexpression of BDNF in the ventral tegmental area enhances binge cocaine self-administration in rats exposed to repeated social defeat". PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621303.
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Stress is a major risk factor for substance abuse. Intermittent social defeat stress increases drug self-administration (SA) and elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in rats. Intra-VTA BDNF overexpression enhances social defeat stress-induced cross-sensitization to psychostimulants and induces nucleus accumbens (NAc) ΔFosB expression. Therefore, increased VTA BDNF may mimic or augment the development of drug abuse-related behavior following social stress. To test this hypothesis, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was infused into the VTA to overexpress either GFP alone (control) or GFP + BDNF. Rats were then either handled or exposed to intermittent social defeat stress before beginning cocaine SA training. The SA acquisition and maintenance phases were followed by testing on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of cocaine reinforcement, and then during a 12-h access "binge" cocaine SA session. BDNF and ΔFosB were quantified postmortem in regions of the mesocorticolimbic circuitry using immunohistochemistry. Social defeat stress increased cocaine intake on a PR schedule, regardless of virus treatment. While stress alone increased intake during the 12-h binge session, socially-defeated rats that received VTA BDNF overexpression exhibited even greater cocaine intake compared to the GFP-stressed group. However, VTA BDNF overexpression alone did not alter binge intake. BDNF expression in the VTA was also positively correlated with total cocaine intake during binge session. VTA BDNF overexpression increased ΔFosB expression in the NAc, but not in the dorsal striatum. Here we demonstrate that VTA BDNF overexpression increases long-access cocaine intake, but only under stressful conditions. Therefore, enhanced VTA-BDNF expression may be a facilitator for stress-induced increases in drug abuse-related behavior specifically under conditions that capture compulsive-like drug intake.
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Zhou, Hengyu y 周恒宇. "Cyber micropower: a new perspective of computer-mediated communication research". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752749.
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The relationship between Internet technology and human beings has been the main focus in the realm of Internet study. Those studies, generally speaking, either paid attention to the political, economical and social influences of the burgeoning Internet technology on human society, or focusing on the changing of human behavior, attitudes and psychological conditions in the Internet technological environment. Lacking of considering the core nature of Internet technology, most of studies, though proposed many insightful arguments, cannot explain why and in what way the Internet has such great influences on human beings.
Since the Internet technology constructed the cyberspace, its relationship with human beings has been undoubtedly influenced by the inherent nature of the Internet. Examining the intrinsic nature and the bias of Internet technology, this study proposes the concept of cyber-micropower to describe the power relationships in the Internet field, and explores the origins of cyber-micropower. By investigating the formation and operational mechanism of the three kinds of cyber-micropower – information micropower, context micropower and subject micropower, this study provides a new analytical framework to the Internet study as well as understanding various cyberspace phenomena.
The qualitative methods, especially critical literature research, online participant observation, and oral history are adopted to make thick description of various online phenomena, get empirical online data and develop the key concept of cyber-micropower. Particularly, the formation of information micropower is examined through the phenomenon of online free. Based on the analysis of online virtual identity, the formation process of context micropower and subject micropower can be developed. Then, the operational mechanism of cyber-micropower was mainly investigated through human flesh searching phenomenon.
Briefly, this study argues that the bias of Internet technology is liquidity. As the core features of the Internet, both digitalization and networking of information directly reflect the widespread requiring for liquidity. This liquid Internet plays the role by empowering cyber subjects. Cyber-micropower, then, is the liquid networking relations among cyber subjects. During online interactions and the Internet use, cyber subjects always tend to make surveillance and self-surveillance, restriction and self-restriction, group participating and other ways, through which cyber subjects adapted to the new liquid cyber contexts and relations, as well as positioning their own locations in the liquid network. This new liquid disciplinary model in the “many watch the many” kind of cyberspace is the operational mechanism of cyber-micropower. Accordingly, disciplined cyber subjects and cyber conditions are like numerous panopticons superimposed together.
Then, this study further argues that with the development of Internet technology, the liquid may be faster, and a larger scale of digitalization and intensive networking will follow. Such trends, though may liberate human beings initially, will go beyond humans’ ultimate state in the end. The liquid nature of information restricts cyber subjects’ ability of self-reflexive and understanding. And the liquid cyberspace may promote multiple and unstable virtual identities. As a result, cyber subjects’ cyber-micropower will become more fragile and sensitive. And the human nature may also be networked and liquefied gradually. Yet, when human beings become numerous nodes in the liquid network, not only their traditional ethics and morality are in the danger of reversing, but also the meaning of humans’ existence may be challenged.published_or_final_version
Linguistics
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Hughes, Kathryn. "Psychological aspects of criminal propensity". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/25777/.
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The psychological aspects of propensity to offend are considered. The relationship between attitude, personality, and reported offending is explored. Some literature considers how attitude influences offending; others look at the relationship between personality and offending. The present thesis proposes that there is a complex relationship between all three. The Attitude to Offending Style Scale measures preferences towards hypothetical offending styles. Shultzs’ FIRO-B explores the structure of interpersonal personality. Finally, an adaptation of Youngs’ D42 (D45) explores styles and level of reported offending. 254 members of the general public complete each of these self-report scales. An SSA-I tests the construct validity and structure of the scales stated above. Multiple regression analyses explore the relationship between attitude and personality, and how these influence level of reported offending. The moderating role of interpersonal personality is also considered. The findings reveal that Attitudes are categorized as: Instrumental or Expressive high risk, and Low risk. Shultzs’ FIRO-B scale has four facets: Expressed Inclusion Expressed Control, Received Inclusion and Received Control. Finally, reported offending is categorised as More or Less serious, Instrumental or Expressive, and target Person or Property. Results show that variations in attitude and personality styles are related to level of reported offending. Furthermore, it was found that the relationship between attitude and level of reported offending is moderated by level of ‘Received Control’. More specifically, when an individual shows a positive attitude towards Instrumental high risk crimes and feel ‘controlled by others’, their level of reported offending is also likely to be high. The presented research shows the value of considering attitudes towards offending, the moderating role of interpersonal personality, and how this relates to level of reported offending. The methods employed throughout the thesis demonstrate the strength and validity of self-report measures. Results are applicable to many areas, including direction and methods in future research. The findings can be applied to areas such as rehabilitation, interview techniques and preventative measures.
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Vigier, Adrien. "Essays on economic and social networks". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609482.
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Lin, Tao. "Personal social networks, neighborhood social environments and activity-travel behavior". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/224.
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Rapidly rising levels of car ownership in newly developed economies and increasing travel demand worldwide over the past several decades have intensified the negative externalities of transportation, such as traffic congestion and air pollution. To develop policies that mitigate these problems through managing and controlling travel demand, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of individuals’ activity-travel behavior. A considerable amount of research has been conducted around the impact of the built environment on travel behavior. As well, over the past decade, the social contexts of travel have gradually been recognized as important explanatory factors of activity-travel behavior. Thus, the link between social contexts and activity-travel behavior has become a much discussed research topic recently. This study aims to contribute to this growing literature by investigating three important but under-explored areas related to the connection between social contexts and activity-travel behavior: 1) how social network attributes influence the choice of companions for conducting daily activities and travel; 2) how personal social networks and neighborhood social environments influence activity location choices and time use; and 3) how the dynamics of social networks and changes in residential social environments induce activity-travel behavior changes as a result of home relocation. This study adopts a longitudinal design and uses both cross-sectional data and longitudinal panel data. Multivariate modelling approaches including Structure Equation Modelling (SEM), multilevel logistic regression and a doubly censored Tobit model are employed. Findings from this study show that social network variables are significant determinants in explaining individuals’ engagements in joint/solo activities/travel and choices of companions for joint activities. Social network attributes and neighborhood social environments are also found to significantly influence individuals’ choices between in- and out-of-neighborhood locations for activities and time use. The study also demonstrates that changes in travel after residential relocation are induced by changes both in the built and social environments as well as the geography of social networks. These findings contribute to the knowledge about the social contexts of activity-travel behavior.