Tesis: "Social ecological influences"

1

Clements, Hayley S. "Multi-scale, social-ecological influences on private land conservation in South Africa". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22718.

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In understanding the behaviour of social-ecological systems, much focus has been placed on the role of institutions that govern how natural resources should be managed, and the biophysical processes affected by this management. Somewhat less attention has been given to the role played by the natural resource managers themselves. Novel insight into social-ecological systems can be gained from understanding why managers act as they do and how management actions become reinforced into (un)sustainable management regimes. In this thesis I applied a social-ecological systems perspective to the phenomenon of private land conservation. With increasing interest in the role that the private sector can play in global conservation efforts, a pertinent but largely unexplored question is whether private land conservation areas (PLCAs) can conserve biodiversity over sufficiently long time scales. This thesis contributes to social-ecological systems theory through an in-depth analysis of the multi-scale interactions among natural resources, managers and socioeconomic processes, which affect PLCA management practices and their sustainability. The potential ability for commercially operated PLCAs to generate the funds necessary for their maintenance makes them an attractive conservation strategy in an economically-orientated world. There are concerns, however, that (a) their long-term sustainability may be dependent on their ability to become and remain financially viable; and (b) they may be tempted to prioritize profit over biodiversity protection in their management practices, thereby jeopardizing their ecological sustainability. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate if, how and why commercial PLCA managers (a) meet their financial objectives and (b) adopt unsustainable ecological management practices. During 2014 and 2015 I interviewed the managers of 72 commercial PLCAs in the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa, a region that supports a rapidly growing yet poorly understood PLCA industry. I applied theories from organizational ecology to understand patterns in the income-generating strategies adopted by PLCA managers. Distinct business models were evident, differentiated by incompatibilities in the biophysical (size, fauna) and socioeconomic (activities, affordability) characteristics of these conservation areas. PLCAs characterized by financial objectives but unprofitable business models suggest that these incompatibilities constrain the ability of managers to effectively adapt to their economic environment, a concept known as "structural inertia" in organizational ecology. Profitability was highest on PLCAs that supported megaherbivores and large predators, reflecting international tourist preferences for charismatic game. Managers' financial objectives influenced the strategies that they employed to manage these mammals. When managers used revenue-generation to inform their management decisions, they undertook management actions that enabled them to maximize and stabilize game populations. While this intensive management resulted in higher revenues, it corresponded in many cases with a lack of ecological monitoring and an increased risk of overstocking game. Regional policy guidelines for large predator management both mitigated and exacerbated the mismatch between financially-desirable and ecologically-sustainable management, depending on whether species-specific guidelines were ecologically appropriate or not. Simulations of a mechanistic PLCA model were used to test whether adopted management strategies influenced the observed constraints on business model adaptation. If the income-generating potential of an adopted business model was low, managers were unable to accumulate the capital necessary to overcome the biophysical and socioeconomic incompatibilities that separated business models, constraining their adaptive capacity. Intensively managed PLCAs were able to generate a more stable annual income, accumulate more capital and overcome constraints on adaptation faster than PLCAs managed according to ecological monitoring. This unique, large-sample assessment of the social-ecological mechanisms underlying PLCA sustainability emphasizes the significant role that managers can play in promoting resilient social-ecological systems. When financial viability is an important consideration, broad-scale socioeconomic factors can influence fine-scale management decisions. Through constraints on adaptation, and the presence or absence of corrective feedbacks between management actions and ecological monitoring, these management decisions can become reinforced into management regimes on a trajectory towards, or away from, sustainability. This study therefore provides a novel contribution to our understanding of how the interactions between managers and ecosystems influence the behaviour of social-ecological systems.

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2

Terrell, Joyce L. "Social Ecological Influences of WIC Programming Behavior Change of Former WIC Participants". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1661.

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The Special Supplemental Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program is one of many United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) food subsidy programs that serves 8.6 million participants, deemed nutritionally at risk. WIC is designed to influence nutritional and health behaviors to a population least capable of functioning. The purpose of this study was to identify if participation in WIC's nutrition education activities and restricted use of food subsidy benefits had a post-factorial effect on their nutritional behaviors. This study provides data on Bronfenbrenner's social ecological influences and how it impacts on long-term behavioral change. A quantitative causal-comparative design utilizing a convenience sampling method compared responses to a survey on nutritional habits of women shoppers at a Walmart retailer in an urban southeastern metropolitan city. The study population included women aged 18-50 years with one or more child who had or were currently receiving WIC (n = 63) compared with controls (n = 32) who also met the aforementioned criteria, yet did not receive WIC. Analyses of a Wilcoxon signed rank test supported an association between participation in WIC and an influence on participants' food purchase habits, while evidence from a linear equation for repeated measures between groups did not support a common variable for what influenced purchases between cases and controls. This study provides insight for future study regarding WIC's effectiveness to promote long-term health for its participants. It may also lend to discussion by USDA officials to consider programmatic review and change of other food subsidy programs which conceivably could impact the diets of more than 49 million Americans.

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3

Robinette, Renee L. "Social and ecological influences on decision-making by beach-foraging northwestern crows (Corvus caurinus) /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9131.

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4

Huang, Ya Ling. "Social ecological influences on preferences for care provided at the end of life amongst Taiwanese city-dwelling adults". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/70307/8/Ya%20Ling_Huang_Thesis.pdf.

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Social and cultural elements are an essential part of the contexts within which people understand their word and make end-of-life decisions. A developmental social ecological model was used in this thesis to provide a comprehensive framework for examining influences on end-of-life preferences. The findings support claims made by social ecologists that individual's health-related choices can be influenced by cultural, social contextual and environmental factors over the course of life. The results of this study have implications for health professionals and the practices they can adopt to enhance end-of-life care.

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5

Richard, Jordan Conner. "Human and environmental influences on the distribution and abundance of arapaima in river floodplains of the Lower Amazon". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73479.

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Understanding the factors influencing the abundance and distribution of tropical floodplain fishes is an important component of fisheries management plans to support future sustainable resource use. This thesis uses a multi-scale approach to understand the habitat factors controlling the distribution and abundance of arapaima (Arapaima spp.) in river floodplains of the lower Amazon River, near the municipality of Santarém, Para State, Brazil. In chapter 1, a study of eight environmental variables in 13 dry season floodplain lakes demonstrates that lake depth, relative depth, conductivity, and transparency were significantly related to the probability of arapaima presence at individual locations within lakes. Further, the study revealed that smaller arapaima were more likely to be found near macrophyte coverage than in open water locations. In chapter 2, a landscape scale approach was used to examine the interactions between management systems, landscape habitat coverage, and spatial arrangement on arapaima population sizes in 73 floodplain lakes. Results showed that all three influences were important in explaining variability in arapaima abundances. Management and habitat variables contributed equally in controlling arapaima abundances. Both had strong patterns of spatial arrangement and overlapped significantly, suggesting that analysis of either management systems or landscape habitats without the other would lead to overestimations of the strength of their influence. Findings from both chapters support the notion that future sustainable use of arapaima populations requires a dualistic approach combining habitat conservation with fisheries management techniques enacted at a local scale.
Master of Science

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6

Lopez, Littleton Vanessa A. "An ecological analysis of social and economic influences on black and white infant mortality risk in Orange County, FL". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4788.

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Black health disparities are a salient public health issue with blacks in every socioeconomic level at a greater health disadvantage than their white counterparts. In particular, disparity in infant mortality rates between blacks and whites have widened in recent decades to differentials never before experienced in the United States. Social ecologists investigating the myriad of individual and environmental risk factors have failed to fully account for the persistent differential. This study examines the relationships between individual and environmental influences on the health risk experienced by blacks, whites, as well as the differential between the two populations. This multi-level analysis was conducted using five-year aggregate data centering on the 2000 decennial census (1998 - 2002) as the most recent census data available. During the study period, the 193 census tracts in Orange County, Florida, experienced 504 infant deaths which included 242 black and 241 white infant deaths. Using the infant mortality target rate developed for Healthy People 2000 as the "normal" infant mortality rate, risk was calculated as the percentage of deviation from the (")normal("). A rate was also calculated to demonstrate the difference between black and white percent deviations from the "normal". Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between socioeconomic influences (Socioeconomic Disadvantage), social risk factors (Social Disorganization), and behavioral risk factors (Poor Behavioral Choices) using a latent variable approach based on a conceptual model which integrated the social determinants of health framework and conflict theory. In this study, an inverse association was found between socioeconomic disadvantage and infant mortality risk for black infants.; This finding is contradictory to the expected finding and may have been due to multicollinearity or the operationalization of the endogenous study variable for black infant mortality risk. Thus, this study highlights the complexity of unraveling the interrelationship between social and economic risk factors. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of the latent variable approach in public health research as well as the need to broaden the approach to selecting indicators. This study concludes with specific policy recommendations aimed at improving the health outcomes of vulnerable populations using the social determinants of health framework.
ID: 030646194; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 172-190).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs

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7

Stanford, Jevetta. "Ecological Influences on Weight Status in Urban African-American Adolescent Females: A Structural Equation Analysis". UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/356.

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The present study employed a quantitative, non-experimental, multivariate correlational research design to test a hypothesized model examining associative paths of influence between ecological factors and weight status of urban, African-American adolescent females. Anthropometric and self-report survey data of 182 urban, African- American adolescent females were collected during after-school programs, health and physical education classes, and community events in an urban area in northeast Florida. Descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the study participants based upon their age, study setting, and weight status. A scale reliability analysis was conducted to assess the internal consistency reliability of the sample data using selected measures within the context of the study’s specific population and subsequently guided the structural equation model (SEM) analyses. The SEM path analysis was used to develop two measurement models to control for observed error variance for variables demonstrating poor internal consistency reliability (diet behaviors and nutrition selfefficacy) and a final structural model to test the associative paths of influence between latent (diet behaviors and nutrition self-efficacy) and manifest variables (teacher social support and friend social support) on weight status. The results of the path analysis indicated that both teacher social support and friend social support demonstrated a positive, indirect influence on child weight status through nutrition self-efficacy and diet behaviors following two different and specific paths of influence. Diet behaviors, in turn, demonstrated a positive, direct effect on child weight status. These findings provide clear implications for educational leaders that call for the integration of health behavior change theory into traditional education and leadership practice and actively addressing the childhood obesity epidemic in the school environment by implementing health behavior change strategies at various ecological environmental levels.

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8

Hernandez, Natalie Dolores. "An Exploration of the Meaning and Consequences of Unintended Pregnancy among Latina Cultural Subgroups: Social, Cultural, Structural, Historical and Political Influences". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4505.

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In the United States, prominent racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in rates of unintended pregnancy, abortion, and unintended births exist. Recent analysis suggests that Latinas are three times more likely to experience an unintended pregnancy than non-Latina white women. More than half of pregnancies among Latinas (53%) in the United States are unintended and have higher unintended births as they are less likely than black women to have an abortion. In addition, in 2006 the unintended pregnancy rate was highest among women aged 20-24. Little research has 0been conducted to understand unintended pregnancy particularly among young adult Latina women. The purpose of the study is to determine and understand the meaning of unintended pregnancy among Latina subpopulations and examine the perceived consequences and management of unintended pregnancy among Latina subpopulations. Between May 2012 and October 2012, twenty in-depth-interviews were conducted with U. S. born- Latinas between 18-25 years of age seeking a confirmation pregnancy test at clinics in which some provided abortion services. Latinas in the study's meaning of pregnancy came from their complicated life situations, and were facilitated by Latino cultural beliefs, such as fatalism, religiosity and familismo. Many held favorable and positive meanings of their unintended pregnancy, particularly those who continued their pregnancies to term. Consistent with several other studies, the act of deliberately trying to plan a pregnancy was foreign to many of these women, particularly because a pregnancy was something that should was not in their control and left up to God. Most of the Latinas in the study felt that women should not plan their pregnancies and doing so was going against fate and natural life course. Public health research overwhelmingly highlights the negative maternal and child health consequences of unintended, while many women in this study perceived the negative consequences of unintended pregnancy to be primarily emotional and social. The inquiry found stigma surrounding unintended pregnancy among Latinas in this study. More than half of the women in the study resorted to termination of their pregnancy and cited fears of family reaction, fears their partner would deny paternity or responsibility, and/or desires to continue schooling, community and societal attitudes toward an unintended pregnancy and religiosity, as influencing this decision. In addition, contributing to the stigma were the stereotypes of Latinas. Latinas decision to continue their pregnancies to term or have an abortion was provoked by diverse and interrelated factors. Although a few Latinas in the study stated their partner's had an influence on the pregnancy resolution decision, all Latina stated that ultimately they were in control over their pregnancy resolution decision. Even when Latinas partners did not agree with their decision, women still performed their intended pregnancy resolution decision. . Family planning services might benefit from intervention designs with the following features that address the cultural needs of this population; a) highlight/stress the importance and benefits of delaying a pregnancy, not discuss pregnancy planning which was found to be irrelevant to these women, b) incorporate and address cultural constructs such as familismo and fatalism as protective factors rather than risk factors, and c) link and discuss issues such as poverty, education, insurance, stigma, and mental health issues. Many women reported these factors as perceived consequences and influencing the management of an unintended pregnancy. Interventions may be aimed at improving provider communication with Latinas about prevention of unintended pregnancy as well their pregnancy resolution options. Future public health campaigns might benefit from incorporating promotores de salud who had similar experiences in curriculums already discussing reproductive health. Support groups and mental health counseling was suggested as needed among participants that terminated their pregnancies. Future research should continue to focus on the multiple levels of influence and the contribution they make on the meaning and consequences of unintended pregnancy. In addition, the role of cultural protective factors in strengthening families and communities merits further exploration. This study increased our understanding of what unintended pregnancy means in the Latino community, and explored it from a comprehensive, multi-dimensional, and structural perspective. Understanding these factors are important and first steps to addressing an issue that affects Latinas, their families, communities, and the nation-at large.

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9

Shier, Debra Marie. "Social and ecological influences on the survival skills of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) : a role for behavior in conservation /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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10

Carlsson, Johanna. "A study of generations, choice of occupation and the possible influences it can have on an individual’s ecological behaviour in everyday life". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1705.

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Environmental consciousness among the Swedish population has considerably increased over the last decade. However, to be concerned with environmental questions does not automatically lead to greater ecological awareness and behaviour in everyday life. It is, according to previous research findings, important to consider aspects of socialisation and the structural aspect of social life in order to understand the different individual expressions of ecological behaviour. De-emphasised importance of individual social backgrounds regarding an individual’s choices towards a more environmentally friendly lifestyle is therefore, according to several previous research findings, surprising. However, considering the major increased environmental consciousness among the Swedish population that has been shown, the objective of my master thesis was to analyse whether environment has become an area that engages all kinds of individuals, despite social backgrounds. Within the study, the two social factors that have been considered in most depth were generation and occupation. In order to get a deeper understanding of how people in Sweden view the individual responsibilities within the work towards a healthier environment, a literature study as well as an interview study was conducted. In the interview study, which was performed in Umeå, Sweden, interviews with scientists and day nurses born in the fifties and seventies were made. When considering the possible influences that generation and choice of occupation have on the individual’s choices towards a more environmentally friendly lifestyle, the result of my interview study did not indicate a direct relation between generation and occupation in one instance and rate of ecological behaviour in another. Instead individual differences among the scientists and day nurses from both considered generations were visible.

Miljömedvetenheten hos den svenska befolkningen har vuxit betydligt under det senaste årtiondet. Men att vara miljömedveten leder inte automatiskt till ett ekologiskt beteende i individers vardag. Enligt tidigare forskning är det viktigt att undersöka strukturella aspekter av socialisering, samt aspekter av det sociala livet för att närmare förstå olika individuella uttryck av ekologiskt beteende. Att den individuella sociala bakgrunden har mindre betydelse för en individs val av en mer miljövänlig livsstil ter sig därför överraskande enligt ett flertal tidigare forskningsresultat. Men, med tanke på den allt mer växande miljömedvetenheten hos den svenska befolkningen var syftet med min examensuppsats att undersöka om miljö har blivit ett område som engagerar alla individer bortsett från sociala bakgrunder. De två sociala faktorerna som undersöktes mer ingående i studien var generationstillhörighet och yrke. För att få en närmare förståelse av hur människor i Sverige ser på individens ansvar inom miljöarbetet utfördes en intervjustudie samt en litteraturstudie. I intervjustudien som utfördes i Umeå, Sverige, intervjuades forskare och förskollärare som var födda på femtiotalet och sjuttiotalet. Min intervjustudie visade inte en direkt relation mellan generationstillhörighet och yrke å ena sidan och grad av ekologiskt beteende å andra sidan. Istället, var individuella skillnader hos forskarna och förskollärarna födda på femtiotalet och sjuttiotalet synliga.

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11

Bell-Ellison, Bethany A. "Schools as Moderators of Neighborhood Influences on Adolescent Academic Achievement and Risk of Obesity: A Cross-Classified Multilevel Investigation". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002420.

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12

Callahan, Katie. "Assessing the Social and Ecological Factors that Influence Childhood Overweight and Obesity". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2454.

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The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in the United States. Currently more than 1 in 3 children aged 2-19 are overweight or obese. This is of major concern because childhood overweight and obesity leads to chronic conditions such as type II diabetes and tracks into adulthood, where more severe adverse health outcomes arise. In this study I used the premise of the social ecological model (SEM) to analyze the common levels that a child is exposed to daily; the intrapersonal level, the interpersonal level, the school level, and the community level to better understand what risk factors are significantly associated with child weight status. Data came from the 2012 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) (n=41,361). Frequencies and confidence intervals were used to describe risk factors at each level. Bivariate analyses were conducted between each risk factor and the outcome variable. Using all risk factors that were significantly associated with overweight and obesity in the bivariate analyses, multinomial logistic regressions were performed for each SEM level. The 4 SEM levels were then analyzed together using stagewise multinomial logistic regression. A significance level cutoff of 0.05 was applied to all analyses. Thirty-three percent of participants were overweight or obese. Child sex, race, age, child physical activity participation, mother’s education and health, the child’s family structure, the child’s participation in extracurricular activities, frequency of family meals at home, safety and engagement in school, the number of amenities and the safety and support within their communities were found to be significantly associated with child weight status. The odds ratios of the covariates in the final stagewise model were similar to those in each individual model. Understanding both the risk factors associated with child overweight and obesity in each individual level and in the complete socio-ecological perspective is important when working toward more effective policy and program creation and the reduction of childhood obesity. Recognizing that all levels of a child's SEM influence his or her likelihood of being overweight or obese can lead to more effective strategies that tackle multiple SEM levels collectively instead of each level independently.

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13

Кубатко, Олександрa Вікторівна, Александра Викторовна Кубатко y Oleksandra Viktorivna Kubatko. "Economic and ecological factors influence on population health in Ukraine". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45297.

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One of the indicators that characterize social policy efficiency is the population health; the last is heavily depends on the state of the environment. Environmental pollution influence health quality resulting in increased diseases and mortality. Prolonged exposure to air pollution may lead to irritation, bronchitis, asthma, heart diseases, cancer at al. (Brunekreef et al., 1995; Hammitt et al., 2006; Neidell, 2004; Pope, 2007). Human health depends on the state of the environment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 1994): “Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by physical, biological, social and psychological factors in the environment”. Environmental health is related to the theory and practice of adverse factors influence minimization.

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14

Lucas, Warren Covelé. "An investigation into the social factors that influence sport participation : a case of gymnastics in the Western Cape". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5078.

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Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES)
Gymnastics is a sport code that develops basic motor skills, hand-eye coordination and provides participants with an opportunity to socialize and learn new skills. There are various social factors, such as a family’s socioeconomic status or accessibility to sports facilities that may play a role in affecting levels of participation. The aim of this study is to investigate the social factors that have an influence on gymnastics participation in the Western Cape. To this end, a qualitative approach is adopted to collect data. This study also adopts the ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1995) as the theoretical framework, and is used to analyse and interpret current social factors that directly or indirectly influence participation in gymnastics. The study’s objectives were to ascertain which social factors hinder participation, and which social factors promote participation, thus, coaches, parents and gymnasts participated in focus group discussions. Key informant interviews took place with experts in the field of gymnastics in the Western Cape. A thematic analysis was conducted on transcriptions from the focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Social factors investigated in this study occurred in the chronosystem, macrosystem, exosystem, mesosystem, and microsystem, and had both a direct and indirect influence on the gymnast’s continued participation. These systems are defined by Bronfenbrenner (1995), as the environment of the individual, in which they grow and develop. The research findings of this thesis are used to draw conclusions and make specific recommendations for practice and further research. The information gathered in this study can assist all stakeholders within the field of gymnastics, such as parents, judges, coaches, gymnasts, and the supporting community which surround the participating gymnast.

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15

Adair, Lora E. "Family planning in context: sensitivity of fertility desires and intentions to ecological cues". Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18935.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Psychological Sciences
Gary Brase
Although fertility decision-making has been the source of considerable theoretical and empirical investigation, the effect of several contextual variables on individuals’ fertility decision-making processes are not yet understood. For example, are individuals more strongly influenced by social forces that are informational or normative? Also, do individuals change their fertility intentions based on their current and developmental economic conditions? Further, how ‘shared’ are reproductive decisions within a couple, are males or females more likely to get what they want? This 3-study program of research used both experimental and exploratory qualitative methods to elucidate the nature of these unresolved issues within the domain of fertility decision-making. Study 1 (N = 344, M[subscript]age = 23, SD[subscript]age =6.41, 59.3% female) found that highly motivated individuals’ fertility intentions were more susceptible to informational, compared to normative messages (the opposite was true for unmotivated participants). Study 2 (N = 249, M[subscript]age = 24, SD[subscript]age =6.10, 61.4% female) found that exposure to mortality primes up-regulated fertility intentions for individuals with “fast” life history strategies, but facilitated the down-regulation of fertility intentions for individuals with “slow” life history strategies. Interestingly, resource scarcity primes were associated with the postponement of fertility plans in individuals’ with “fast” life history strategies. Study 3 (N = 120, M[subscript]age = 21, SD[subscript]age =4.96, 50% female) found that, contrary to predictions, the similarity of couples’ gender role attitudes, career-orientations, and education levels did not significantly predict the frequency of their use of statements coded as compromise and agreement or persuasion and disagreement in their discussions regarding their future reproductive plans. Findings do suggest that individuals with higher levels of education were more likely to use persuasion and disagreement statements in their child timing and number discussions with their romantic partner, indicative of greater decision-making power in that particular social exchange. Further, men and women in study 3 were equally likely to use statements coded as compromise and agreement, persuasion and disagreement, and concession when discussing both their future fertility plans as well as their future financial plans.

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16

Nguyen, Thanh Ha y Haina Zhang. "Green lifestyle, where to go? : How social media influencers moderate the intention – behavior gap within the ecological lifestyle context". Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48416.

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17

Parker, Jazma Mekelle. "Law Enforcement Perception of Social Media as an Influence in Mass Shootings". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7891.

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Mass shootings have been a persistent issue in the United States, and the underlying factors that continue to influence this crime are not yet evident. This study explored the effects of social media as an influence on mass shootings in the United States. Its purpose was to address the role of social media in spreading opinionated ideologies. The research question addressed the role of social media in influencing the actions of perpetrators of mass shootings in the United States. The study framework was based on the social-ecological model to facilitate classification of the susceptibilities of social media users to adverse ideologies; 7 experts on mass shootings were interviewed in the study. Findings revealed that social media tend to influence mass shooting in 4 capacities: as enablers of the conceptualization process of the crime until the final act of mass violence; as facilitators of the individual or personal agenda of the mass shooter; as platforms that harness emerging technology for knowledge building during the planning phase and create operational efficiency for the final act; and as coordinators of group or symphonic terrorism. Government authorities in charge of combating mass shootings perform their tasks through actionable intelligence, legislation and policy, training of police and other first responders, mechanical barriers or deterrents, and brainstorming for new techniques and strategies. They are, however, constrained by considerable odds, which often come conjointly with their methods of crime resolution and strategies. Predictive technologies, as vehicles to fight or prevent mass shootings, have limiting influences on government action, particularly relating to the First and Fourth Amendments and the culture of hate that is nurtured and sustained through social media.

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18

Morgado, Mariana Rodrigues. "Influence of social and land use features on urban avifauna". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16426.

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Mestrado em Ecologia Aplicada
Urbanization is a worldwide phenomenon that affects biodiversity, which induces the need to conserve the urban areas. Urban ecosystems are defined by human activities, habitat infrastructures and vegetation components. Nevertheless, little is known about the processes underlying the spatial variation of urban bird communities. The aims of the present dissertation are (1) to investigate the relationship between avian diversity and abundance with land use and social features and (2) to study the vertical distribution of avian diversity, abundance and biomass in an urban environment. For this purpose, bird surveys by point counts were conducted during breeding season in eight neighbourhoods of Aveiro, Portugal. The data was analysed through descriptive analyses, statistical hypothesis testing and generalized linear models. Most of the studied neighbourhoods were dominated by omnivorous species, namely Columba livia and Passer domesticus. The results also show that species richness is higher in neighbourhoods furthest away from esplanades, with higher density of trees, building height and density, alongside low imperviousness, busy streets and human population density. Moreover, neighbourhoods furthest away from esplanades, showing higher building age, height and density, busy streets but lower human population density, hold higher avian abundance. Medium height levels exhibit higher bird diversity, abundance and biomass than both lower and higher height levels. These findings strongly suggest that focusing on a combination of local land use and social features, rather than single features, provide a better understanding of avian diversity and spatial structures of urban bird communities. Furthermore, due to the complexity of urban ecosystems, this investigation underlies the relevance of integrating social and urban planning researchers into urban ecological studies.
A urbanização é um fenómeno mundial que afeta a biodiversidade, o que induz a necessidade de conservar as áreas urbanas. Os ecossistemas urbanos são definidos pelas atividades humanas, infraestruturas do habitat e componentes vegetais. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os processos inerentes à variação espacial local de comunidades de aves urbanas. Os objetivos principais da presente dissertação consistem em (1) investigar a relação entre diversidade e abundância de aves, e fatores sociais e de uso do solo e (2) estudar a distribuição vertical da diversidade, abundância e biomassa de aves em ambiente urbano. Para este efeito foram realizados censos de avifauna por pontos durante a época de nidificação em oito zonas da cidade de Aveiro, Portugal. A análise de dados realizou-se com recurso a análise descritiva, testes de hipóteses e modelos lineares generalizados. Os resultados indicam que espécies omnívoras como Columba livia e Passer domesticus são espécies dominantes na maioria das zonas de Aveiro. Os resultados mostram ainda que a riqueza específica é mais alta em zonas localizadas a uma maior distância de esplanadas, em ruas com mais movimento e com maiores densidades tanto de árvores como de edifícios mais altos, bem como menor percentagem de impermeabilidade do solo e menor densidade de população humana residente. Adicionalmente, zonas com maior densidade de edifícios mais velhos, mas também de maior altura, menor densidade de população humana residente, com ruas de maior movimento e maior distância a esplanadas, suportam maior abundância de avifauna. Ainda, existe maior diversidade, abundância e biomassa de avifauna no nível médio de altura do que nos níveis baixo e alto. Estes resultados sugerem que a combinação de fatores sociais e de uso do solo locais, em detrimento da aplicação de fatores únicos, permitem uma melhor compreensão da biodiversidade e estruturas espaciais de comunidades de aves urbanas. Adicionalmente, devido à complexidade dos ecossistemas urbanos, é pertinente realçar a relevância de integrar investigadores das ciências sociais e de ordenamento do território em investigações de ecologia urbana.

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19

Kanagawa, Linda Ortmeyer. "A case study examining ecological factors that influence the engagement of young children in an inclusive kindergarten setting /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953869.

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Baum, Julia. "The influence of location on the structure and functioning of private land conservation networks in the Western Cape province of South Africa". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23407.

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Protected areas are an important tool for biodiversity conservation. Statutory protected areas are, however, perceived to currently be insufficient in extent and functioning for achieving conservation goals. Conservation action on privately owned land plays an increasingly vital role in expanding the global conservation estate. Private Land Conservation Areas (PLCAs) exist with internal properties and external contexts and do not occur isolated in space and time. They can thus best be described as linked social-ecological systems. Little comprehensive work has yet been done concerning the structure and functioning of PLCAs. However, an understanding of their emergence, long-term persistence and contribution to conservation is highly relevant. How can PLCAs maintain their identity against disturbances in order to be resilient into the future? Spatial patterns and relationships determine the answer to this question. Geographical location influences the private conservation estate through different drivers, namely biophysical conditions, network connections and membership, as well as socio-economic conditions. I thus used a comparative, spatially explicit and holistic approach to better understand spatial resilience of PLCAs in the Western Cape Province of South Africa as case study region. The approach was based on assessing representative measures for four elements of system identity (being components, relationships, sources of continuity, and sources of innovation). I expected that geographical location and spatial variation in social-ecological factors strongly influence PLCA types, socio-economic interaction networks among protected areas and other stakeholders, contribution to conservation by PLCAs and their ecotourism performance. Information and data for this research were obtained from personal interviews conducted with owners and managers of 70 PLCAs across the province. Additional data were derived via conservation authorities and online tools. My findings show that the identity and resilience of PLCAs are strongly dominated by the influence of spatial location and heterogeneity in factors such as ecological features or socioeconomic context. I was able to verify existing PLCA types, namely game and habitat reserves, which strongly depended on the biophysical context. Visitation rates were influenced by location which determined the adopted corporate model of PLCAs. Clear neighbourhood effects emerged in socioeconomic interaction networks, which further highlighted great potential to enhance collaboration across scales. PLCAs provided a substantial contribution to conservation targets in terms of importance (covering critical biodiversity areas) and urgency (protecting ecosystems of threatened status). My findings will be valuable to highlight opportunities for more effective conservation in the study region, and to advance insights into the spatial resilience of social-ecological systems.

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21

Cummings, Lawanda. "The Influence of Parent-Child Relatedness and Social Support on Depressive Symptoms in Asthmatic Children: Tests of Moderation". unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04252006-015221/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005.
Title from title screen. Roger Bakeman, committee chair; Gabriel Kuperminc, John Peterson, Marianne Celano, committee members. Electronic text (57 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 18, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-57).

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22

Krenz, Susanne y Ruiz Patricia Cristina Torets. "How do ecological, economic and social sustainability influence on employee motivation? : A case study of a German company in the solar energy sector". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-52249.

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This research has generated interesting findings from the inductive approach and the qualitative methods that were used in the inquiry process. Thanks to the literature review, the semi-structure interviews, a focus group and secondary data it was possible to obtain the necessary information to answer the research question: How do ecological, economic and social sustainability influence employee motivation? In order to answer this question, two sub-questions were considered first, namely What constitutes sustainability in the company-specific context of Wagner & Co Solartechnik? and Does sustainability motivate people? The answer to the latter question has to be yes, as the analysis revealed numerous linkages. From the data gathered, it is apparent that economic sustainability constitutes the most basic level of sustainability at Wagner Solar. Although the influence of money has its clear limitations, an increase in material orientation could be observed compared to previous. At the company level, ecological sustainability manifests itself as ‘striving for the energy turnaround’. The majority of employees show, as their most important source of motivation, an interest in solar technology as well as a concern for increased eco-efficiency. The information gathered has permitted an assessment of whether the company hires people that are already committed to the company’s vision and mission, or whether the company makes an effort to socialise employees. While this does not seem to be the case it is apparent that the company cultivates a communication and information policy that perpetuates its values. Wagner Solar also exhibits a strong and consistent corporate culture. In terms of social sustainability, democratic decision-making appears to exert the greater amount of influence on employee motivation, while the influence of employee ownership is comparatively diminished. The company appears to both attract and seek out employees who value the ability to work autonomously, partially explained by the German nationality but not exclusively. Positive work environment and good collaborations between colleagues were deemed another important motivational factor, both by the interviewees and the intra-company survey. However, working at Wagner Solar is not without its perceived negatives. These are mostly related to the company’s unique decision-making structures, the use of the language, and possible “island” mentality that some departments might suffer. The study also aimed to analyse the influence of different motivators on employees. When contemplating which pillars of sustainability motivate the most, the analysis of the main motivators revealed that the most important pillar is the social one, since most of the participants have one or more main motivators connected to it. Overall, the impression is that the social values of Wagner Solar are the most pervasive, affecting attitudes and behaviours such as autonomy and responsibility, and, therefore, constitute the main motivators for its employees. The ecological pillar also noticeably influences employee motivation, while the economic pillar is the least influential.
MSPME - Masters in Strategic Project Management European

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23

Ferdinand, Victoria Ugulumu. "The influence of introduced forest management practices on transformative social learning in a selected social-ecological forest community : a case of PFM and REDD projects at Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserves in Tanzania". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020333.

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This research investigates the influence of introduced forest management approaches on transformative social learning in the community surrounding the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi forest reserves in Tanzania from 2000 to 2015. The term transformative social learning reflects an understanding of learning processes that emerge through conscious changes in the perspectives of individuals or communities while interacting with forest management practices. The investigation explores the learning (if any) that occurred in the community and how and why the learning occurred. It also explores whether the learning was social and transformative and examines the conditions that enable or constrain transformative social learning at the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi community. Thus, the three concepts of social learning, transformative learning, and social practices are central to the research. Participatory Forest Management (PFM) emerged globally in the early 1980s to mobilise rural capabilities and resources in development and environmental stewardship. The Pugu and Kazimzumbwi community was introduced to Participatory Forest Management (PFM) projects by the late 1990s. The recent global focus on empowering communities around forests has drawn attention towards transformational adaptation to climate change impacts and building resilience capacities. As a result, in 2011 the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi community started working with a project for Reduction of Emissions through Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD), which forms a key focus in this study as the most recently introduced PFM with embedded social learning assumptions. This research is designed and conducted as a qualitative case study. The research seeks to study the complex object of socially and contextually constructed learning through a systemic exploration of learning,using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, analysis of documents and archival records as well as observations and a reflexive workshop. Supportive information throughfield notes and audio voice and video recording was also generated. A contextual profile of the research site was conducted in March 2012, prior to the actual data collection in 2013 and 2014. Field explorations during the contextual profile helped to describe the research site and promote initial understanding of the context. During data collection, field inquiries based on interactive relationships between a researcher and participants stimulated practice memories and people’s living experiences with forestry and the introduced PFM projects under examination. Analysis of data employed analytical modes of induction, abduction and retroduction. Thick descriptions of learning obtained from fieldi based interactionswere produced before re-contextualising data through theoretical lenses. The research employed realist social theory by Archer (1995), under-laboured by critical realism, and practice theory advanced by Schatzki (2012) and Kemmis et al. (2014). The research process as a whole was underlaboured by the layered ontology of critical realism which proposes emergence of phenomena in open systems as shaped by interacting mechanisms which in this study were both material / ecological and social /political /economic /cultural. And more...

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Lee, Guijin. "The Influence of Social Cohesion, Sense of Belonging, and Community Safety on Depressive Symptoms and Substance Use Among Asian American Adolescents". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593478772659169.

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Jantjies, Janine Chernay. "A narrative of crystal methamphetamine: a case study of a young person's experience of factors that leads to crystal methamphetamine use within a high-risk area in Cape Town". University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3017.

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Magister Artium - MA
Recent research has indicated a significant increase in the crystal methamphetamine abuse in the Western Cape. The study aimed to provide an understanding of the interaction of the social and historical contexts in relation to the life experiences and perceptions of a young person residing in the Cape Flats. Primarily the study aimed to explore the factors that influenced the participant to use crystal methamphetamine. It adopted a social constructionist epistemological perspective and employed Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory as the theoretical framework. The subsystems of the ecological systems theory include the individual who is influenced by the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem and the chronosystem. This was a qualitative research study that employed an intensive case study. Data was obtained through series intensive semi-structured interviews that were approximately 40 - 70 minutes in duration. The participant is a coloured female, aged 28 years from a high-risk community in the Cape Flats. Prior to the interview process, relevant permission was obtained from the participant, which allowed the interviews to be conducted and recorded. The data was then analysed using a narrative analysis. The themes that emerged from the research findings include: childhood trauma; sexual abuse during childhood; social milieu and norms; adolescent delinquency; the cycle of abuse; understanding crystal methamphetamine use and the consequences of crystal methamphetamine use. Findings with regard to the individual factors included psychological well-being, depression and negative affectivity, feelings of hopelessness, suicidal ideations, loneliness, past abuse of legal substances, adolescence, delinquency and childhood sexual abuse. The influential factors that emerged within the microsystem were lack of family support, dysfunctional family dynamics, childhood abandonment, uninvolved parents, several custodial parents, childhood disequilibrium, parental modelling and family drug use. Further findings within the microsystem included peer influence viz. direct persuasion of drug use, peer exposure of drugs, experimentation, delinquent behaviour, gang-related involvement and peer group acceptance. The mesosystemic findings included, lack of emotional support or attachments, social support, lack of structure as well as relocating to numerous schools and homes. Findings located in the exosystem were the availability and accessibility of drugs in all the communities in which the participant lived. Findings in the macrosystem included the social environment of the individual, including the social norms of the community and the home setting as well as the norm of violence, crime and gangsterism. The information and knowledge accumulated would optimistically contribute to addressing the paucity of qualitative literature and present knowledge to improve intervention and prevention strategies.
South Africa

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Riley, Dana L. "A Social Ecological Approach to Understanding Physical Activity. A Mixed Methods Exploration of the Individual, Family and Neighbourhood Characteristics That Influence Physical Activity Among Family Heart Health: Randomized, Controlled Trial Participants". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22946.

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Study 1 - Individual - The purpose was to determine whether a 12-week behavioural risk reduction intervention caused self-reported MVPA to increase and to identify associated Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs. Three hundred twenty-four physically inactive (<150 minutes/week moderate-vigorous PA) participants were included. Intervention participants were significantly more likely to meet PA guidelines at 12-weeks (OR=3.54, 95% CI 2.22-5.63, p<.001), which was significantly correlated with increases in TPB constructs. // Study 2 - Family - Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 participants to elicit perceptions of factors that influence PA. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, coded and analyzed. Spouses were more likely to engage in PA with their spouse after the CHD event; however this may be limited by their partners’ capabilities. The data suggests awareness of an increased susceptibility to CHD is not stimulating participants to increase their own PA to prevent future risk, particularly among offspring, but they may take other actions. The shared family environment can promote PA, although intensity may be limited. // Study 3 - Neighbourhood - Self-reported PA from a prospective behavioural risk reduction intervention was explored in the context of objectively measured Walk Scores and neighbourhood walkability in Ottawa, Canada. Participants in the intervention arm had significantly higher odds of meeting PA guidelines at 12-weeks compared to the standard care control group. This was not influenced by Walk Scores or walkability. This individual-level intervention was effective in assisting participants to overcome potential structural barriers presented by their neighbourhood to meet PA guidelines at 12-weeks.

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Mack, Juliane y Julia Pützschel. "The Influence of Contextual Factors on the Entrepreneurial Process : A Multiple-Case Study of Sustainability-oriented and Commercial Entrepreneurship in Central America". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91047.

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Social entrepreneurship and other new forms such as ecological or sustainable entrepreneurship have emerged as promising new solutions to solve societal problems. Therefore these types of sustainability-oriented entrepreneurship also increasingly attract the interest of researchers, but there is no clear theoretical concept for these emerging research areas yet. As for commercial entrepreneurship, existing research has neglected the influence of contextual factors on the entrepreneurial process. Therefore this topic is not well researched yet and requires an increase in knowledge to keep up with its popularity and potential impact on society. Therefore the research purpose of this study was to systematically analyse how contextual factors, i.e. political & legal, economic, technological, environmental, social and cultural factors, influence the stages of the entrepreneurial process and if this influence differs for commercial and sustainability-oriented entrepreneurs. To fulfill this purpose a theoretical framework depicting the entrepreneurial process in its context was developed, which incorporates the different types of entrepreneurship based on the value they create. In order to adequately explore the research purpose our theoretical framework was applied to the context of Central America. In line with our interpretivistic standpoint we followed an inductive approach with a qualitative, comparative research design of an exploratory nature. We collected secondary data about Central America and conducted a multiple-case study in which we collected primary data from 13 interviews with entrepreneurs being active in Central America. The empirical findings were thoroughly analysed and discussed leading to several interesting results which were used to revise our theoretical framework. Despite a great variety among entrepreneurs we realised that they all undergo the entrepreneurial process and we could therefore successfully apply our theoretical framework. All entrepreneurs are differently influenced by contextual factors in their entrepreneurial process, but disparities are mostly due to the background of the entrepreneurs or the type of venture. Some political and legal, and economic factors have been found to influence commercial and sustainability-oriented entrepreneurs differently, while other economic and social factors rather determine differences between non-profit and for- profit oriented entrepreneurs. This study contributes to theories regarding the influence of contextual factors and concepts in the field of (sustainability-oriented) entrepreneurship as well as methodologies used in this field. It provides considerable practical contributions to entrepreneurs and recommendations for policy-makers which can lead to valuable societal contributions. Throughout the research ethical issues have been considered and quality criteria applied to ensure the trustworthiness of this research.

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Riera, Fabien. "Trois classes de facteurs qui influencent le cours de la domestication des espèces marines. Une étude de cas : l'halioticulture biologique en France". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0138/document.

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L’aquaculture des ormeaux (Haliotis spp.) fournit un bon cas étude des défis techniques, sociaux et environnementaux concernant l'introduction d’organismes marins nouvellement domestiqués sur le marché. En effet, l'élevage de l'ormeau a débuté au Japon au cours des années 1960 et, d'après la FAO (2012), est aujourd'hui l'une des industries aquacoles les plus dynamiques dans le monde. Pourtant, toutes les tentatives n'ont pas connues le même succès. Cette dissertation vise à comprendre les facteurs qui ont permis ou entravé le succès environnemental, social et technique de l’halioticulture, en mettant l'accent sur la France. Plus précisément, nous examinons trois grandes catégories de facteurs qui peuvent expliquer son évolution: - L'importance des facteurs socio-écologiques dans la gestion de la ressource en ormeaux - Les facteurs socioculturels qui étayent le statut de l'ormeau en tant que ressource éligible pour l'aquaculture. - Le rôle de la science dans l'industrialisation de l'élevage d'ormeaux
Abalone aquaculture (Haliotis spp.) or halioticulture provides a good case study of the technical, social and environmental challenges of introducing newly domesticated marine organisms into the market. Abalone farming began in Japan in the 1960s and, according to FAO (2012), is now one of the most dynamic aquaculture industries in the world. Yet all attempts have not met with the same success. This essay aims to understand the factors that have allowed or hindered the environmental, social and technical success of halioticulture, with an emphasis on France.More specifically, we examine three main categories of factors that may explain its evolution:- The importance of socio-ecological factors in the management of abalone resource.- Socio-cultural factors that support the status of the abalone as an eligible resource for aquaculture.- The role of science in the industrialization of abalone farming

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Lucas, D. Pulane. "Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2996.

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Advances in medical technology have altered the need for certain types of surgery to be performed in traditional inpatient hospital settings. Less invasive surgical procedures allow a growing number of medical treatments to take place on an outpatient basis. Hospitals face growing competition from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The competitive threats posed by ASCs are important, given that inpatient surgery has been the cornerstone of hospital services for over a century. Additional research is needed to understand how surgical volume shifts between and within acute care general hospitals (ACGHs) and ASCs. This study investigates how medical technology within the hospital industry is changing medical services delivery. The main purposes of this study are to (1) test Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation in health care, and (2) examine the effects of disruptive innovation on appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery (ACBS) utilization. Disruptive innovation theory contends that advanced technology combined with innovative business models—located outside of traditional product markets or delivery systems—will produce simplified, quality products and services at lower costs with broader accessibility. Consequently, new markets will emerge, and conventional industry leaders will experience a loss of market share to “non-traditional” new entrants into the marketplace. The underlying assumption of this work is that ASCs (innovative business models) have adopted laparoscopy (innovative technology) and their unification has initiated disruptive innovation within the hospital industry. The disruptive effects have spawned shifts in surgical volumes from open to laparoscopic procedures, from inpatient to ambulatory settings, and from hospitals to ASCs. The research hypothesizes that: (1) there will be larger increases in the percentage of laparoscopic ACBS performed than open ACBS procedures; (2) ambulatory ACBS will experience larger percent increases than inpatient ACBS procedures; and (3) ASCs will experience larger percent increases than ACGHs. The study tracks the utilization of open, laparoscopic, inpatient and ambulatory ACBS. The research questions that guide the inquiry are: 1. How has ACBS utilization changed over this time? 2. Do ACGHs and ASCs differ in the utilization of ACBS? 3. How do states differ in the utilization of ACBS? 4. Do study findings support disruptive innovation theory in the hospital industry? The quantitative study employs a panel design using hospital discharge data from 2004 and 2009. The unit of analysis is the facility. The sampling frame is comprised of ACGHs and ASCs in Florida and Wisconsin. The study employs exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. This work finds that disruptive innovation theory is an effective model for assessing the hospital industry. The model provides a useful framework for analyzing the interplay between ACGHs and ASCs. While study findings did not support the stated hypotheses, the impact of government interventions into the competitive marketplace supports the claims of disruptive innovation theory. Regulations that intervened in the hospital industry facilitated interactions between ASCs and ACGHs, reducing the number of ASCs performing ACBS and altering the trajectory of ACBS volume by shifting surgeries from ASCs to ACGHs.

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30

Serrano, Katrina 1983. "Investigating Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Rural Settings". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148286.

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Children’s risk for overweight and obesity is particularly high in rural areas of the United States. Many health, psychosocial, and economic consequences are associated with childhood overweight and obesity, which concerns health researchers and professionals. But how and why might rural children be more at risk for being overweight and obese? This dissertation investigates childhood overweight and obesity in rural settings through three separate studies. First, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify determinants and mechanisms of childhood obesity-related behaviors that are specific to rural locations. The findings from the review show that lack of health resources and poverty within the rural environment may impact children’s social environment and individual factors. However, results are inconclusive and there continues to be a lack of studies focusing on linking environmental influence with individual factors. Second, a meta-analysis of current research evidence was conducted to assess the efficacy of rural interventions designed to reduce childhood overweight and obesity. Results showed that interventions have been efficacious yet modest, with a mean effect size of 0.18. Moderating variables were also examined. Mean intervention effect size was moderated by children’s age and intervention duration. Last, secondary data were used to examine the association between rural food stores and availability and affordability of fresh fruits and vegetables. A multilevel analytical approach was used to determine if rural location was associated with availability and affordability of fresh fruits and vegetables. After controlling for other variables, results showed that rural location was not associated with fruit and vegetable availability and affordability. The findings from this dissertation suggest that the area of rural childhood overweight and obesity remains understudied. More research is needed in order to understand the mechanisms of social ecological influences on diet, physical activity, and childhood overweight and obesity. This area of research, however, is rife with opportunities for public health education and promotion. Public health educators can help promote and advocate for environmental conditions that support healthy lifestyles.

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31

Ntshudisane, Bernard Levy. "An investigation of social factors, which interfere with the child's ability to read and write". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18260.

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The changing of the education system holistically in South Africa as a prerequisite has impacted negatively on the child‘s ability to read and write, which also degraded the country‘s standard as compared to other countries in Africa. This is confirmed by the annual national assessment results where South African children‘s performance is far below the expected level. This investigation aims to serve as a guideline to all interested stakeholders who are willing to improve and develop our poor performing education system. Firstly, to identify a child‘s social factors that interfere with their ability to read and write; to find out how reading influences writing in the child and to develop intervention strategies on solving children‘s problems with reading and writing. The study revealed through the participants that, unavailability of social factors that are a need or prerequisite to the child‘s excellent academic performance hampered their ability to read and write. Furthermore, educator participants indicated that the child‘s inability to read influenced their writing ability. Data collected is based on individual interviews and documents analysis. The researcher chose Kedibone Primary School (pseudonym) as the sample. The participants were ten (10) learners from grade 3 to grade 7 and their five (5) educators, one from each grade, in the above mentioned school. That is each grade provided two participants, one boy and one girl. The main aim of the interviews was to identify how social factors interfere with the child‘s ability to read and write. In conclusion, this research had been a success through the participation of the Department of Education and all its related structures and to provide strategies that were stated in the research as solutions that would address and overcome the child‘s inability to read and write.
Inclusive Education
M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

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32

"Understanding Staff Influence on the Ecological Group Home Environment". Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.51587.

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abstract: In response to the need to accurately define group home types, this dissertation focused on providing a clear and distinct definition of the types of group home care, an articulated understanding of the role of group home staff, and an awareness of the impact individuals working in group homes have on the lives of the youth they serve and their influence on the group home environment. Using the qualitative research method Grounded Theory, ten in-depth interviews were conducted with staff who both currently work in group homes, and staff who have left the group home environment. The research question was “What is the influence of group home staff on the ecological environment of the group home?” Ecological framework was the overarching theory, and participants were asked questions regarding their relationships with youth and their impressions of staff impact within the group home. Data analysis influenced by Grounded Theory produced 5 themes: Walking into the unknown, in loco parentis with two sub- themes consanguinity and group home as a home, engagement with two sub- themes of staff/staff engagement and staff/youth engagement, staff impact on youth, with three sub-themes, managing transitions, loss and boundaries, and the final theme of supervisor support. The results indicate that staff do have an impact on the group home, both positive and negative. Also, the group home operates as an intricate ecological environment containing relationships and interactions that influence multiple internal systems. Currently there is a gap in the literature as it relates to clarity within definition of care settings. This dissertation provided a clear definition for the chosen research environment, non-locked, non-therapeutic group home. The results of this dissertation have implications for group home agencies and more broadly child welfare agencies and child welfare social workers in regard to hiring practices, training and supervision. This dissertation provides a springboard for a future research on the ecological group home environment and the people who work there and are responsible for the care of vulnerable children.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Social Work 2018

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33

Flack, Andrea. "The Influence of Personal, Social, and Environmental Factors on Youths' Engagement in Physical Activity". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4423.

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Social ecological models are recognized for allowing researchers to examine the influence of multiple factors on behaviour, yet to date relatively little research has simultaneously examined the role of personal, social, and environmental factors on youths’ physical activity, while giving consideration to the role of different types of neighbourhoods. The current study examined the physical activity of 804 youth aged 10 to 16 years residing in urban high density, suburban, or suburban low density neighbourhoods, by exploring relationships between several personal, social, and environmental factors. Findings revealed that all three factors were significant in explaining youths’ physical activity. Differences in participation were found based on gender and neighbourhood; males and youth from suburban low density neighbourhoods were significantly more physically active. Moreover, several variables were found to be important for understanding youth physical activity: sex, age, self-efficacy, encouragement, neighbourhood safety, and the use of a number of neighbourhood facilities.

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Robinson, Lance W. "Participatory development and the capacity of Gabra pastoralist communities to influence resilience". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3171.

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Social-ecological systems of traditional pastoralists are adapted to deal with shocks and stresses such as droughts and livestock disease that characterize their environment. However, inappropriate policies have undermined the resilience of pastoralist social-ecological systems at a time when stresses from new challenges, such as growth in the human population and global climate change are increasing. Many pastoralist groups such as the Gabra of north-central Kenya now regularly require emergency relief. There is an urgent need to take deliberate steps to rebuild the resilience of pastoralist social-ecological systems. One lever that external actors such as NGOs and government agencies have that could help them to do so relates to structures and processes of participation and decision-making. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to examine ways in which the approaches to public participation used by agencies involved in water resources management can affect the collective capacity of pastoralist institutions and communities to influence social-ecological resilience. The research revolved around a single case study: the Kenyan NGO Pastoralist Integrated Support Programme (PISP) together with the Gabra communities where PISP works. The research found that the capacity to influence resilience resides in the network of vertical and horizontal institutional linkages as much as it does in any particular organization or institution. This implies the need for a radical paradigm shift in the way that NGOs and other formal sector actors think of participation and of their role. An examination of the Gabra approach to decision-making and PISP's approach to participation point to an alternative way of thinking about participation. This alternative rationale for participation would call on formal sector actors to promote participation and inclusivity of decision-making at multiple levels of social organization through an array of interconnected processes and institutions, to foster deliberation processes that are nested across levels, and to help create and strengthen vertical institutional linkages for their beneficiary communities. These proposed strategies relate to a key contribution of this research, which is to suggest building a resilience-based theory of participation and to provide a glimpse of what such a theory might entail.

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35

Jantjies, Janine Chernay. "A narrative of crystal methamphetamine: a case study of a young personâs experience of factors that leads to crystal methamphetamine use within a high-risk area in Cape Town". Thesis, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6526_1363012007.

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Recent research has indicated a significant increase in the crystal methamphetamine abuse in the Western Cape. The study aimed to provide an understanding of the interaction of the social and historical contexts in relation to the life experiences and perceptions of a young person residing in the Cape Flats. Primarily the study aimed to explore the factors that influenced the participant to use crystal methamphetamine. It adopted a social constructionist epistemological perspective and employed Bronfenbrenner&rsquo
s ecological systems theory as the theoretical framework. The subsystems of the ecological systems theory include the individual who is influenced by the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem and the chronosystem. This was a qualitative research study that
employed an intensive case study. Data was obtained through series intensive semi-structured interviews that were approximately 40 - 70 minutes in duration. The participant is a coloured female, aged 28 years from a high-risk community in the Cape Flats. Prior to the interview process, relevant permission was obtained from the participant, which allowed the interviews to be conducted and recorded. The data was then analysed using a narrative analysis. The themes that emerged from the research findings include: childhood trauma
sexual abuse during childhood
social milieu and norms
adolescent delinquency
the cycle of abuse
understanding crystal methamphetamine use and the consequences of crystal methamphetamine use. Findings with regard to the individual factors included psychological well-being, depression and negative affectivity, feelings of hopelessness, suicidal ideations, loneliness, past abuse of legal substances, adolescence, delinquency and childhood sexual abuse. The influential factors that emerged within the microsystem were lack of family support, dysfunctional family dynamics, childhood abandonment, uninvolved parents, several custodial parents, childhood disequilibrium, parental modelling and family drug use. Further findings within the microsystem included peer influence viz. direct persuasion of drug use, peer exposure of drugs, experimentation, delinquent behaviour, gang-related involvement and peer group acceptance. The mesosystemic findings included, lack of emotional support or attachments, social support, lack of structure as well as relocating to numerous schools and homes. Findings located in the exosystem were the availability and accessibility of drugs in all the communities in which the participant lived. Findings in the macrosystem included the social environment of the individual, including the social norms of the community and the home setting as well as the norm of violence, crime and gangsterism. The information and knowledge accumulated would optimistically contribute to addressing the paucity of qualitative literature and present knowledge to
improve intervention and prevention strategies.

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36

Vinha, Maria Beatriz Faria de Nogueira. "The influence of green marketing on the Worten customer". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21849.

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Continued shortage and overuse of natural resources have brought catastrophic environmental consequences that have led to ecosystem degradation, species extinction and, climate change. As a result, environmental concern is continuously increasing, which is highly visible in the new priorities, trends, and habits of the new consumer that has never been so green. Consequently, sustainability is becoming more and more important for organizations that want to address consumer needs by taking their responsibility and minimizing their environmental impact while adding a social contribution. Green marketing (GM) is the tool that allows to promote a social and ecological corporate awareness and gain competitive advantages such as improving corporate environmental performance, image, and reputation. For this, it must be effectively and consistently managed. Nevertheless, although GM is an increasingly common practice within businesses, in general, organizations do not evaluate the impact of the brand's GM on the customer. Thus, this study focuses on understanding the influence of GM on the Worten consumer. A leading electronics consumer company which, although it has a strong and coherent environmental program, lacks knowledge of its effect on its customer. This represents the problem submitted by the green retailer that was researched and answered. The main results achieved led to the conclusion that there is a strong environmental concern reflected in the Worten consumer's predisposition to adopt green behaviors and consumption decisions despite the constraining price barrier. However, the Worten customer is unaware and not engaged in the brand's green efforts mainly due to the company's difficulty in communicating them effectively to its customer. Finally, five improvement proposals in this regard are suggested.
A contínua escassez e utilização excessiva dos recursos naturais provocou consequências ambientais catastróficas que levaram à degradação dos ecossistemas, à extinção de espécies e às alterações climáticas. Como resultado, a preocupação ambiental está continuamente a aumentar o que é claramente visível nas prioridades, tendências, e hábitos do novo consumidor, que nunca foi tão verde. Consequentemente, a sustentabilidade está a tornar-se cada vez mais importante para as organizações que querem responder às necessidades dos consumidores, assumindo a sua própria responsabilidade e minimizando o seu impacto ambiental, acrescentando simultaneamente uma contribuição social. O marketing verde (MV) é a ferramenta que permite promover uma consciência empresarial social e ecológica e obter vantagens competitivas, tais como a melhoria do desempenho ambiental, da imagem e da reputação da empresa. Para tal, é imperativo que esta ferramenta seja gerida de forma eficaz e consistente. No entanto, embora o MV seja uma prática cada vez mais comum nas empresas, em geral, as organizações não avaliam o impacto do MV da marca no cliente. Assim, este estudo centra-se na compreensão da influência do MV no consumidor Worten. Uma empresa líder no consumo de eletrónica que, embora tenha um programa ambiental forte e coerente, carece de conhecimento sobre seu efeito no seu cliente. Este representa o problema colocado pelo retalhista que foi investigado e respondido. Os principais resultados atingidos concluíram que existe uma forte preocupação ambiental refletida na predisposição do consumidor Worten para adotar comportamentos e decisões de consumo verdes, apesar da barreira condicionante do preço. Contudo, o cliente Worten desconhece e não participa nos esforços verdes da marca sobretudo devido à dificuldade da empresa em comunicá-los de forma eficaz. Finalmente, são sugeridas cinco propostas de melhoria neste sentido.

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37

Miguel, Luís Pedro da Rocha. "The influence of ethnocentrism on consumer behaviour and purchase intention of domestic fruit and vegetables". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24141.

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The agri-food market offers a multiple variety of products from different origins. One of the factors that determines consumers’ preference over domestic products is their ethnocentric tendency. In Portugal, there are few studies on ethnocentric consumer trends in the process of buying food categories of recurrent and low value consumption such as fruit and vegetables. This thesis had as purpose: 1) to characterise the ethnocentric level of the consumer in the intention of purchasing fruit and vegetables of national production; 2) to evaluate consumers’ choice by those foods of low value and national production; 3) to predict the purchase intention considering the level of ethnocentrism, mediated by the variables of the Theory of Planned Behaviour; 4) to determine whether the purchase preference falls on products with a retailer's origin-based label or whether a generalist indication is sufficient. A survey was applied to a sample of 700 individuals living in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Oporto. The multidimensionality, construct validity, and reliability of CETSCALE were demonstrated. Participants revealed high levels of ethnocentrism and intention to purchase national fruit and vegetables. The results indicate that ethnocentrism positively influences the purchase intention through the reinforcement of attitude and perceived control with acquisition of this category. There was a slight tendency towards preference of products with generalist indication when compared to labelling with indication of origin of the retailer. This trend is reinforced when the ethnocentric characteristic of the consumer is considered. The results suggest that marketeers and food retail managers can consider the ethnocentric characteristic of the consumer in their marketing strategies, reinforcing the advantages of buying national products: whether it is the positive contribution to the national economy or sustainable purchase by shortening the distance between production and consumption.
O mercado de agroalimentar, oferece uma múltipla variedade de produtos de distintas origens. Um dos fatores que determina a preferência do consumidor em relação a produtos nacionais é a sua tendência etnocêntrica. Em Portugal, são raros os estudos sobre as tendências etnocêntricas do consumidor no processo de compra de categorias alimentares de consumo recorrente e de baixo valor como frutas e legumes. Esta tese pretende: 1) Caracterizar o nível etnocêntrico do consumidor na intenção de compra de frutas e legumes de produção nacional; 2) Avaliar da escolha do consumidor por alimentos de baixo valor e de produção nacional; 3) Prever a intenção de compra considerando o nível de etnocentrismo, mediado pelas variáveis da Teoria do Comportamento Planeado; 4). Determinar se a preferência de compra recai em produtos com etiqueta do retalhista baseada na origem ou se uma indicação de origem generalista é suficiente. Um inquérito foi realizado a uma amostra de 700 indivíduos, residentes nas áreas metropolitanas de Lisboa e Porto. Foi analisada a multidimensionalidade, a validade de construto e a confiabilidade da CETSCALE. Os inquiridos revelaram níveis elevados de etnocentrismo e de intenção de compra de frutas e legumes nacionais. Os resultados indicam que o etnocentrismo influencia positivamente a intenção de compra por via do reforço da atitude e do controlo percebido face aquisição de produtos dessa categoria. Verificou-se uma ligeira tendência para preferência de produtos com indicação de origem generalista quando comparado com a etiquetagem com indicação de origem do retalhista. Esta tendência é reforçada quando o caráter etnocêntrico do consumidor é considerado. Os resultados apurados permitem sugerir a marketeers e gestores do retalho alimentar que considerem o caracter etnocêntrico do consumidor nas suas estratégias de marketing enaltecendo as vantagens de comprar produtos nacionais: seja a contribuição positiva para a economia nacional ou a compra sustentável com o encurtar da distância entre a produção e o consumo.

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38

Rodrigues, Inês Branco de Paiva de Jesus. "Geração Z: uma geração de consumo sustentável na indústria da roupa?" Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24348.

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O tema desta dissertação permite averiguar qual é a perceção que existe na geração Z sobre a compra de roupa sustentável, os seus padrões de consumo e as principais barreiras existentes para o desenvolvimento sustentável na indústria da roupa. Esta geração é considerada a geração do digital, onde o poder das redes sociais e das denominadas influencers traz pressão social inerente aos seus estilos de vida, sobretudo no que toca à compra de roupa, existindo ainda desafios que determinam o gap evidente entre a atitude e intenção de compra. Estes jovens não têm um poder de compra avultado e têm pouca facilidade em encontrarem lojas de roupa sustentável, remetendo-os quase sempre para as lojas de fast fashion. Os nossos objetivos da investigação passam por compreender, de forma generalizada, de que forma os jovens da geração Z se percecionam enquanto consumidores sustentáveis na indústria da roupa e quais os principais entraves que levam à existência do gap mencionado anteriormente. Foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo de natureza exploratória (focus groups) que permitiu apurar a perceção desta geração face à temática em estudo. Os resultados revelam que de facto esta geração apresenta uma consciencialização desta temática. No entanto é influenciada, de forma significativa, através das redes sociais no que toca aos seus padrões de consumo. Assim, esta geração apresenta características que potenciam sua suscetibilidade à compra de roupa sustentável, mas, para que tal aconteça, é ainda preciso que sejam tomadas muitas ações por parte das empresas/marcas que potenciem o consumo da roupa sustentável.
The theme of this dissertation allows us to investigate the perception that exists in the Z generation about the purchase of sustainable clothing, their consumption patterns and the main existing barriers to sustainable development in the clothing industry. This generation is considered the digital generation, where the power of social networks and the so-called influencers bring inherent social pressure to their lifestyles, especially when it comes to buying clothes, and there are still challenges that determine the evident gap between purchase attitude and intention. These young people don't have a lot of purchasing power and find it difficult to find sustainable clothing stores, almost always referring them to fast fashion stores. Our research objectives are to understand, in a generalized way, how young people of generation Z perceive themselves as sustainable consumers in the clothing industry and what are the main barriers that lead to the existence of the gap mentioned above. A qualitative exploratory study was developed (focus groups) that allowed us to ascertain the perception of gen Zers regarding the topic under study. The results show that in fact this generation is aware of this issue. However, they are significantly influenced by social networks in terms of their consumption patterns. Thus, this generation presents characteristics that increase its susceptibility to buying sustainable clothing, but for that to happen, it is still necessary that many actions are taken by companies/brands that promote the consumption of sustainable clothing.

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39

Mendes, Jorge Emanuel Ferreira. "Influência de instrumentos informativos nas decisões comportamentais dos consumidores domésticos de energia elétrica em Portugal". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21359.

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Ao longo dos últimos anos, diversos investigadores na área da economia comportamental têm procurado estudar o comportamento do consumidor de energia elétrica. Apesar de ser considerada como uma área pouco atrativa dentro do âmbito económico, devido à sua complexidade de mensuração e subjetividade, existe um conjunto de fatores, cujas causalidades têm vindo a ser exploradas e testadas nas suas diversas vertentes, de forma a legitimar determinantes capazes de impactar e influenciar este mesmo comportamento. Partindo desta premissa, o presente estudo apresenta evidências empíricas sobre o impacto que o acesso a um instrumento informativo a propósito do tema da energia elétrica focalizado no conhecimento sobre o mercado e comportamentos convergentes com uma poupança financeira associada, imprime no comportamento do consumidor. Neste contexto foi levada a efeito uma atividade experimental de campo enquadrada com 70 agregados habitacionais voluntários inseridos no mercado doméstico de energia elétrica em Portugal. Na aplicação do instrumento informativo, foram monitorizados os indicadores quantitativos de consumo presentes na fatura elétrica destes agregados habitacionais ao longo de maio, junho e julho de 2019 por via da análise de faturação energética e monetária, em comparação com os respetivos indicadores do período homólogo do ano anterior. Os dados foram analisados através do método Differences-in-Differences e revelaram uma influência pouco expressiva do instrumento informativo no comportamento da amostra. Todavia, houve uma tendência mais significativa na diminuição da faturação monetária em relação à faturação energética, o que pode ser representativo de uma maior sensibilidade por parte do consumidor para ações comportamentais dirigidas para a otimização económica de soluções de prestação de serviço de energia elétrica, do que propriamente para uma mudança em termos de práticas ao nível do consumo energético.
Over the last years, several researchers in the field of behaviour economics have sought to study the electricity consumer’s behaviour. Despite being considered an unattractive area within the economic scope, due to its complexity of measurement and subjectivity, there is a set of factors and variables, which causes are being explored and tested in several slopes, in order to legitimate determinants able to impact and influence their behaviour. Based on this premise, this study presents several empirical evidence on the impact on the consumer behaviour of having access to an informative tool on the electric energy subject with a focus to knowledge about the market and the convergent actions with economic saving. In this context, a framed field experimental activity was carried out with 70 voluntary housing units inserted in the domestic electricity market in Portugal. When applying the information tool, the quantitative consumption indicators present in the household’s electric bill throughout May, June and July 2019 were monitored through the energy and monetary billing, in comparison with the same billing indicators remain to the same period of the previous year. The data was analysed using the Differences-in-Differences model and revealed a small influence of the information tool on the sample behaviour. However, there was a more significant trend in the decrease of monetary billing in relation to energy billing, what can be representative of a bigger sensitivity in the consumer to behavioural actions aimed at an economic optimization of electric energy service solutions, rather than for a change in energy consumption.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Social ecological influences"

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