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SOKOLOV, E. V., E. V. KOSTYRIN y A. B. BALANTSEV. "SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF ENTERPRISE FINANCING". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, n.º 4 (2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.04.03.002.
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The proposed social technologies for financing enterprises, based on economic and mathematical models, algorithms and software, are a permanent mechanism for increasing the income of working citizens, developing enterprises, increasing tax revenues and social payments. The use of social technologies for financing enterprises allows with a 5% increase in revenue over 50 years to increase the wages of employees by 63%, which will amount to almost 104 trillion rubles in Russia; to increase deductions to the development fund by 72%, in which, first of all, the owners of enterprises are interested, since this ensures the growth of their income and the possibility of constant modernization and renewal of technological equipment, the release of new competitive products; to reduce to zero deductions to the Federal Fund of Compulsory Medical Insurance (FCHIF) from wages above 76 rubles, which is 955% higher than the average salary in Russia as of January 20. At the same time, despite the reduction in the rate of contributions to the FCHIF, the amount of deductions to the state in the form of income tax, income tax and in the FCHIF increases.
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Castellas, Erin I.-Ping, Jarrod Ormiston y Suzanne Findlay. "Financing social entrepreneurship". Social Enterprise Journal 14, n.º 2 (8 de mayo de 2018): 130–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-02-2017-0006.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the emergence and nature of impact investment in Australia and how it is shaping the development of the social enterprise sector. Design/methodology/approach Impact investment is an emerging approach to financing social enterprises that aims to achieve blended value by delivering both impact and financial returns. In seeking to deliver blended value, impact investment combines potentially conflicted logics from investment, philanthropy and government spending. This paper utilizes institutional theory as a lens to understand the nature of these competing logics in impact investment. The paper adopts a sequential exploratory mixed methods approach to study the emergence of impact investment in Australia. The mixed methods include 18 qualitative interviews with impact investors in the Australian market and a subsequent online questionnaire on characteristics of impact investment products, activity and performance. Findings The findings provide empirical evidence of the rapid growth in impact investment in Australia. The analysis reveals the nature of institutional complexity in impact investment and highlights the risk that the impact logic may become overshadowed by the investment logic if the difference in rigor around financial performance measurement and impact performance measurement is maintained. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for the development of the Australian social enterprise sector. Originality/value This paper provides empirical evidence on the emergence of impact investment in Australia and contributes to a growing global body of evidence about the nature, size and characteristics of impact investment.
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Pan, Qiufeng. "Innovation of Internet Finance and Small and Micro Enterprise Financing Mode". E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123604015.
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With the rapid development of the Internet, Internet financial services are also constantly popularizing, constantly occupying an important position in the financial market, the rapid development of Internet finance has improved the way of social financial services, enriched the types of financial products, effectively solved the problems of small and micro enterprises in financing difficulties, high financing costs, slow financing speed, and played an important role in the financing of small and micro enterprises. But under the development mode of Internet finance, the financing mode of small and micro enterprises still faces some shortcomings and problems. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the current situation of Internet finance and small and micro enterprise financing, take this as the starting point to study, further analyze the problems and reasons, and analyze the relevant countermeasures according to the problems.
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Sunley, Peter y Steven Pinch. "Financing social enterprise: social bricolage or evolutionary entrepreneurialism?" Social Enterprise Journal 8, n.º 2 (10 de agosto de 2012): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17508611211252837.
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Sahasranamam, Sreevas, Saurabh Lall, Eleanor Shaw y Katerina Nicolopoulou. "Entrepreneurial Experience, Financing and Social Enterprise Performance". Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2019): 16916. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.16916abstract.
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Dong, Guoshu, Lihong Wei, Jiaping Xie, Weisi Zhang y Zhefu Zhang. "Two-echelon supply chain operational strategy under portfolio financing and tax shield". Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 633–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2019-0395.
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Purpose The development of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is vital to the economy, as such the financing of SMEs has become the focus of government and enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to find the operational and financial strategies of the supplier and retailer in supply chain. Design/methodology/approach In a Stackelberg game, supplier moves first setting wholesale price, while the retailer follows, setting the ordering quantity. Enterprises maximize their profits by optimization. When measuring profit targets, the capital constraints and income taxes of two companies are considered. In the portfolio financing model, the retailer can obtain products from suppliers through trade credit, and the supplier can use asset-backed securitization (ABS) to solve his/her financing problems. Findings The wholesale price is a decreasing function of retailer’s initial cash balance, and the supplier’s financing interest rate is a decreasing function of his/her own capital, the incentive effect of the supplier’s price discount strategy on retailer is more intense in the supply chain with high-priced product or high-capital retailer. And in a capital-constrained supply chain, an increase in tax rate or financing rate does not necessarily motivate the supplier to increase wholesale price. Most importantly, if the supplier’s markup is moderate, portfolio financing has value for both retailer and supplier, while solving the financing problems of both parties. Research limitations/implications Future research can consider the explicit and implicit interest when supplier provides trade credit to retailer. It is also possible to consider the portfolio financing when multiple retailers are facing financial constraints. Practical implications It provides guidance for supply chain enterprises with financing needs, helping them find optimal decisions. With financial interest, enterprise income tax on the enterprises’ financing factors will produce a tax shield effect; thus, a cost–benefit analysis with the tax shield effect can provide more accurate picture when making corresponding decisions. Social implications Government takes feasible adjustments of tax rate for the sake of motivation on financial SMEs tax shield. Furthermore, ABS calls for service from financial institutions, which will, in turn, expedite financial institutions revenue. Originality/value The authors provide insights on enterprise financing models, combining ABS with trade credit, expanding enterprise financing channels and enriching the theory of financial supply chain and supply chain management. The authors analyze in detail the influence of tax factors on enterprises by introducing tax factors into traditional process of enterprise operation and financing strategy.
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Fauziah, Najim Nur. "Developing Cash Waqf Model as an Alternative Financing for Social Enterprises to Support Decent Work and Economic Growth in Indonesia". Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics 8, Special Issue (15 de junio de 2021): 195–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/a2759.
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Social enterprises have substantially affected Indonesia’s economic growth and may contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs’) achievement. Social enterprises empower minority groups by giving greater accessibility to a facility for a sustainable means of livelihood to the low income and disadvantaged groups, which make up a considerable part of the population, thereby creating an inclusive workforce. However, financial issues still pose a challenge for the sustainability of social enterprises in Indonesia due to the awkward reconciliation of their social missions, a characteristic of their businesses, with the less attractive returns for their investors. Cash waqf is one of the Islamic social finance instruments accepted to invest and manage certain funds to solve different social challenges relevant to the SDGs. Hence, this study aims to achieve the following objectives: (i) to identify the current issues of social enterprises; and (ii) to propose an Integrated Cash Waqf Social Enterprise Business (ICWSE-B) model in achieving the SDG8 in Indonesia. This paper adopts a qualitative research method with primary data obtained mainly from interviews. The findings suggest that financing remains the most significant challenge for most social enterprise businesses. The study also introduced an innovative integrated business model of social enterprise and cash waqf known as the ICWSE-B model to solve many social enterprises’ financial issues. The proposed ICWSE-B model is considered most suitable for social enterprise as it supports decent work and economic growth of the SDGs.
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Zhang, Haifeng, Zhuo Zhang y Ekaterina Steklova. "Do Companies Need Financial Flexibility for Sustainable Development?" Sustainability 12, n.º 5 (28 de febrero de 2020): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051811.
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Reserve financial flexibility relates to the long-term development of enterprises. Enterprise managers pay more and more attention to the financial flexibility of reserves, which, however, will cause problems such as insufficient investment and inefficient use of funds. This paper collects data from the listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2009 to 2017. Our main results include the following. First, corporate social responsibility has a certain substitution effect on financial flexibility. Second, after excluding state-owned enterprises and politically-linked enterprises, there is a stronger substitution effect between social responsibility and financial flexibility for private enterprises without political connections. Third, the substitution effect between social responsibility and financial flexibility is stronger in companies with high environmental uncertainty and financing constraints. Furthermore, using a 2SLS procedure, we have verified that the substitution effect between social responsibility and financial flexibility is robust.
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Aisaiti, Gulizhaer, Luhao Liu, Jiaping Xie y Jun Yang. "An empirical analysis of rural farmers’ financing intention of inclusive finance in China". Industrial Management & Data Systems 119, n.º 7 (12 de agosto de 2019): 1535–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-08-2018-0374.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and understand China’s rural farmers’ financing intention of inclusive finance, and it examines related drivers like knowledge of inclusive finance, perceived benefits and perceived risks of ordering finance. Besides, the social enterprise embeddedness and digital finance are integrated into the conceptual model to further investigate their moderating impact. Design/methodology/approach The authors designed an inclusive finance intention model to examine the relations between dependent variable knowledge of inclusive finance, intermediary variables perceived benefits and perceived risks of ordering finance and the independent variable financing intention of inclusive finance. The embeddedness of social enterprise and digital finance were identified as modifying factors. Both exploratory and conclusive research strategies were applied. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect empirical data from the rural areas of China. Findings It suggests that knowledge of inclusive finance can strengthen both perceived benefits and perceived risk of ordering finance. Interestingly, the embeddness of social enterprise can significantly reduce risk perceptions and improve perceived benefits of ordering finance. Furthermore, perceived benefits of ordering finance can positively enhance rural farmers’ financing intention of inclusive finance, whereas perceived risks can negatively influence the financing intention. Moreover, digital finance as a modifying factor can significantly strengthen the positive correlation between perceived benefits of ordering finance and financing intention of inclusive finance. Practical implications The research indicates that a systematic inclusive finance educational project is needed to enhance rural farmers’ understanding of inclusive finance and its components. Moreover, the study reveals that it is crucial to promote social enterprise participation and digital finance to develop inclusive finance in rural China, as the service attributes of social enterprise and efficiency of digital finance can greatly reduce the existing transaction cost of farmers. Originality/value The conceptual model would potentially contribute to researchers interested in investigating the financing intention of inclusive financial services relating to rural population. The integration of social enterprise embeddedness and digital finance is the uniqueness of this research conceptual model.
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Huang, Hongbin, Guanghui Jin y Jingnan Chen. "Investor sentiment, property nature and corporate investment efficiency". China Finance Review International 6, n.º 1 (15 de febrero de 2016): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-09-2015-0123.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to expand the investor sentiment’s effect on investment efficiency to the layer of “credit financing,” studying whether investor sentiment can affect credit financing level and the inner mechanism of the effect. Design/methodology/approach – The authors obtain firm-level data from the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets and using panel estimation techniques examine whether investor sentiment can affect credit financing level and the inner mechanism of the effect. Findings – This paper finds that credit financing plays the role of partial media in the process of investor sentiment affecting investment efficiency. Based on the funds increasing effect, with the high-investor sentiment and increasing credit financing, corporations alleviate the financing constraints, but also provide a convenient for the abuse of corporate funds. So, investor sentiment positively associates with enterprises’ overinvestment, while investor sentiment negatively associates with enterprises’ underinvestment. Relying on the particular system background and property right environment in China, this paper finds that investor sentiment has an effect on the overinvestment of state-owned enterprises and the underinvestment of private enterprises through credit financing channel, while it does not function in the overinvestment of private enterprises. The reason of the difference is that under the soft budget constraint in the country, the credit preference of state-owned enterprises and the creditor’s rights management of banks are partially absent. Research limitations/implications – By fusing the special financial environment and institutional background, this thesis further includes in the analysis frame the difference in governance effect by credit financing between state-owned and privately owned listed companies, and further analyzes the difference in impact on investment efficiency in enterprises of different natures after investor sentiment has affected enterprise credit financing. Practical implications – This paper has verified the constraint assumption and deepened the research work on bank credit supply and answered practical questions such as whether the banks in the country exercise supervision function over the listed companies and on which kind of listed companies the supervision function plays a more effective role. Social implications – As an unofficial substitution mechanism, bank-enterprise relationship can elevate the investment efficiency by private owned enterprises. Based on the timely research results on credit financing, reference is provided for private listed companies to utilize investor sentiment to improve its investment efficiency. Originality/value – This paper has proved the specific path which creates the dual effects on resources allocation by investor sentiment, that is, the intermediary transmission in credit financing, clarifying the mechanism of action by which investor sentiment affects the efficiency of enterprise investment and making incremental contribution to the research of how investor sentiment affects the efficiency of enterprise investment.
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Neguț, Adriana. "The Sustainability of Social Enterprises". European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2014): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p257-261.
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During recent years we have witnessed a growing interest in Romania for social economy, as a result of the increasing interest of EU towards the field and the financing lines as SOP HRD 2007-2013, and as well for developing a legal framework on social economy. In Romania, many of the social economy organizations are dependent on these sources of funding, which is a major obstacle to long term sustainability of the sector. In this context, the paper aims to analyse the strategies of social enterprises established under the Priority Axis 6 of SOP HRD to ensure sustainability, on the assumption that once the funding ends they face significant risks and adopt different strategies in order to develop. The sustainability of social enterprises will be explored from three perspectives: (1) financial, seeking to identify the strategies of social enterprises to attract new funding, (2) in terms of consistency of the social enterprise with its initial objectives and principles and (3) from the point of view of the social enterprises' impact on vulnerable groups and the community. The analysis will be based on data from sociological researches on social economy entities in Romania, carried out between 2009 and 2014.
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Barton, Tina. "Small Business and Social Enterprise: To Thrive Not Fail". Papers in Canadian Economic Development 18 (11 de abril de 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v18i0.91.
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<p>Small businesses (those with up to 99 employees) are the most common business type in Canada – comprising 97.9 per cent of businesses, and contributing close to one-third of Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP). Yet a significant number of these businesses fail, with only about 50 per cent lasting at least five years, according to Industry Canada. Social enterprises – businesses that provide valuable products or services while delivering social and sometime environmental returns – struggle even more than small businesses to attract finance, grow, and sustain. What are the similarities and differences between these two groups’ needs, and how can Canada’s three levels of government and the broader business ecosystem better support small businesses and social enterprises to thrive? This paper takes a comprehensive look at key business needs, barriers to success, enabling factors, and policy incentives, drawing upon academic literature, studies and reports from the government, non-profit, and social enterprise sectors, as well as recommendations from business advocacy groups primarily from Canada and the United States. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Small business, social enterprise, business financing, business growth, business ecosystem, procurement policy</p>
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Tokila, Anu y Mika Haapanen. "Evaluation of Deadweight Spending in Regional Enterprise Financing". Regional Studies 46, n.º 2 (febrero de 2012): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2010.497134.
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Mariet Ocasio, Vange. "Financing village enterprises in rural Bangladesh". International Journal of Development Issues 15, n.º 1 (4 de abril de 2016): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-09-2015-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that determine non-farm enterprise revenue and to empirically test the association between access to credit, credit source and firm performance among poor entrepreneurs in rural Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Using a Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies and World Bank survey from over 1,700 households in rural Bangladesh, a panel data model is used to control for unobserved heterogeneity among households and explore the determinants of non-farm revenue. Findings The findings suggest that village infrastructure and household labor assets have a positive impact on enterprise development. The findings reveal that the use of rural credit as a production input is important in augmenting revenue for the non-farm enterprise, but there are differential effects by credit source. Research limitations/implications Because the study uses data from a quasi-experimental survey design, unobserved effects that can bias the results must be controlled for. Also, as credit program impacts can be location-specific, caution in generalizing the results of this study must be exercised. Practical implications This study provides evidence on the positive effects of microcredit, family assets and family social capital on economic outcomes and microenterprise growth for poor entrepreneurial households. If enterprise growth is important for development, greater understanding of the determinants of microenterprise performance and the role of credit in the success of microfirms is beneficial for policymakers and the institutions that finance small-scale production. Social implications If it is agreed that entrepreneurship is important in promoting development, self-sufficiency and positive economic outcomes (Yunus, 2007), then credit program design should focus on both the credit needs of the poor and the dynamics inherent in enterprise development for this group of entrepreneurs. Originality/value This paper expands the limited literature on the determinants of microenterprise growth and the role of credit in microenterprise development by tracing a positive link between village infrastructure, family demographics and access to credit. The identification of the factors that determine non-farm enterprise revenue is important for policymakers because enterprise growth is perceived as essential for economic development.
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Wang, Chunhong, Minru Zhao y Zhenhua Zhang. "Research on the Relationship Between Corporate Governance Performance and Financing Cost Under the Background of ESG Theory". E3S Web of Conferences 235 (2021): 01054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123501054.
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Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has developed rapidly, the market economy is booming, and the financing demand of enterprises is also increasing year by year. As a new development concept, environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) theory has become an important evaluation index for the future development of enterprises. How to achieve sustainable development has become a necessary challenge for enterprise financing. Based on ESG theory, this paper discusses the influence of corporate governance performance on financing cost, and studies the relationship between corporate governance performance and financing cost. Through the empirical analysis, this paper can draw a conclusion that good corporate governance performance can effectively reduce the financing cost. According to this conclusion, this paper puts forward some suggestions on corporate governance based on ESG rating system.
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Childress, Malcolm, Selina Carter y Edgard Barki. "Fit-for-Purpose, Private-Sector Led Land Regularization and Financing of Informal Settlements in Brazil". Land 10, n.º 8 (29 de julio de 2021): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080797.
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This paper aims to analyze the financial and operational approach to land regularization and financing used in Brazil by an innovative private social enterprise in order to demonstrate that the approach widens the concept fit-for-purpose land regularization to include fit-for-purpose land financing, with relevance for wider efforts in informal settlement regularization and upgrading. In this approach, the enterprise acts as a coordinator and broker to organize the residents of informal settlements to regularize their settlements by negotiating buyouts of the underlying private owners at discounted values, handling titling and registration of the occupants, and coordinating with municipal governments to provide infrastructure. The analysis of parcel-level repayment and price data provides evidence of the sustainability of the business model and increase of property values of the regularized parcels. The results presented from the enterprise’s own repayment data demonstrate that under (non-pandemic) historical conditions residents are largely able to pay an affordable monthly payment over 7–10 years to the enterprise for the service to purchase the plots and maintain the enterprise. In operation since 2001, the enterprise has regularized over 20,000 parcels in more than 30 settlements, primarily in the cities of Sao Paolo and Curitiba in Brazil. The approach suggests that it could be widely replicable and add to the set of options for regularizing informal settlements, especially when purchase of private land is required.
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Ogochukwu, Chukwu Anthony y Karina Kasztelnik. "Innovative Strategies For Social-Economic Development Financial Strategies In The Development Country". SocioEconomic Challenges 5, n.º 1 (2021): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.5(1).44-65.2021.
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This research paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the Small and medium scale enterprises constitute the backbone of any nations economic development and had remained a major contributor in poverty alleviation, employment generation, and industrialization. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of small and medium scale enterprise owners in the development country, regarding the raising of finances from lending institutions to ensure their business growth and sustenance. A phenomenological qualitative approach for this study as it empowers the researcher to investigate the lived experiences of participants to gain a deep understanding of the small number of participants who had raised funding from financing institutions and how to improve their experiences thereby reducing the challenges while seeking for financing. The relevance of this scientific problem discussion from the organizational life cycle theory and working capital management theory to emphasize the concept of study environment, financing institutions, knowledge, and experience of small business owners. Key findings emerged that within the business environment, there are lack of government policies to support small businesses, and financing institutions are not favorably disposed to support small and medium scale business. The wide-ranging factors discussed in this article also brought to fore additional financing strategies adopted by small businesses as alternatives to banks funding, the effect adequate funding will have their operations and the improvement required by government, financing institutions and owners of small businesses to support the growth and development of small businesses. The results of the research study may contribute to positive social change by creating awareness amongst small and medium scale business owners on the best financial strategies to fund their operations to remain profitable and sustained. The research study highlighted the need for both the government and financing institutions to support small businesses to function effectively to remain relevant, continue to generate more employment, improve the living standard of the owners of small business, and ultimately impact development country at large. Finally, this study added to the existing literature on small and medium scale enterprises financing strategies, their challenges, and their means to ameliorate the difficulties experienced by their owners when seeking for funding from lending institutions.
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GUO, Ling, Jianli FENG y Jeff W. GUO. "Key Factors in Supply Chain Financial Credit in Logistics Industry". Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala 64 (6 de marzo de 2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/rcis.64.3.
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Credit businesses have been an important part of bank management. It is not simply the primary source of bank revenue, but also satisfies industrial & commercial enterprises and individual financing demands. The firm credit check allows a bank effectively allocating and applying resources to activate the market and accelerate economic development. The quality of credit therefore is closely related to bank management and the security of social resources. Logistics industry, presenting critical status in national economy, connects thousands of businesses and maintains national economy. However, financing difficulty has been a bottleneck for the development. The frequent financing difficulty becomes a restriction against the development of logistics industry. Aiming at banking credit personnel and logistics enterprise personnel in Shandong Province as the research objects, total 250 copies of questionnaire are distributed, and 207 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 83%. The research results indicate: (1) “business management” as the most emphasized evaluation dimension, followed by “business prospects” and “financial conditions” and (2) top five evaluation indicators, among 15 indicators, as responsible person credit, revenue trend, guarantor credit, industry prosperity, and financial structure. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to assist logistics industry, through the support and guidance of supply chain finance, in implementing structural adjustment and promote the continuously healthy development.
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Klychova, Aigul, Guzaliya Klychova, Alsou Zakirova, Rashida Sungatullina, Kamil Mukhamedzyanov y Ekaterina Philippova. "Social development mechanism of an agricultural enterprise formation". E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002072.
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The object of the research is to determine the major lines in forming the social process mechanism and elaborate the recommendations on improving the social policy of agricultural farming community. The article examines the social factors, indicates the trends of making management decisions on the social process of agricultural enterprise, reviews the theoretical aspects and outlines the basic arrangements of forming the social process mechanism, proposes the milestones of forming and implementing the social policy system, as well as defines the method of analyzing social process. The elaborated recommendations on improving the social policy of agricultural farming community, which consist in selecting effective forms and methods of satisfying the demands of different social groups and their sources of financing, are of practical importance.
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Karpets, O. V. y N. V. Gontar’. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MONOTOWNS AND CITY-FORMING ENTERPRISES THROUGH THE PRISM OF GAME THEORY". Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, n.º 8 (31 de agosto de 2020): 1671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-8-1671-1678.
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The paper analyzes the relationship between a city-forming enterprise and local authorities in creating social infrastructure facilities and their functioning in a single-industry town. City-forming enterprises significantly determine the effectiveness of particular territories - single-industry towns, while exerting a comprehensive impact on their socio-economic situation and territorial development. Due to the peculiarities of their location and functioning, city-forming enterprises often assume obligations to create and maintain social infrastructure facilities. In this paper, we will consider the players’ interest in social infrastructure facilities functioning, and will also determine the impact of its development level on the activities of a city-forming enterprise and a single-industry town. In the article, through the application of game theory, the interests and strategies of behavior of the two main players on the issue of creating new or financing old objects of the social infrastructure of a monotown are considered. In the model proposed by the authors, two players are considered. Player A is the town-forming enterprise, and Player B is the local government. Each of the players has two strategies of behavior, the first strategy is to provide financial assistance to social infrastructure facilities, and the second is not to provide financial assistance. Having created a matrix of results, we will determine the payoffs of the players, which will further help us find the Nash equilibrium and determine the Pareto efficiency. Additionally, the work will consider the duality of the results, which will demonstrate the inconsistency of the functioning of the model when using only the rules of game theory and taking into account only market factors without taking into account real social conditions.
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Purdy, Christopher. "How One Social Marketing Organization Is Transitioning From Charity to Social Enterprise". Social Marketing Quarterly 26, n.º 2 (13 de abril de 2020): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500420918703.
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The financing model of the U.S. non-profit social marketing organization DKT International has changed dramatically since it was founded 31 years ago. In the early days, DKT was reliant on donor funding, and most of its products were heavily subsidized in order to reach low-income and marginalized populations. However, over the last three decades, DKT has become increasingly financially sustainable due to a fortuitous combination of clever marketing, rising incomes, and the stable and often declining cost of procuring contraceptives. This has been especially true in middle-income countries like Indonesia, Brazil, and Ghana but also in lower-income countries and regions like Ethiopia and Bihar, India. Because all DKT programs sell products, they earn revenue. Through a mixture of cost recovery and cross-subsidization strategies, DKT has been able to simultaneously serve a wide range of income segments while generating sales revenue that can offset costs and even turn a profit in some countries. Such profits are reinvested in activities that educate and shift behavior or deployed to other countries to start up new ventures. This article describes the transition experienced by DKT, from charity to social enterprise, and profiles country examples in three different stages of financial sustainability, providing potential lessons for other non-profits. As generating resources for non-profits becomes more challenging, organizations may wish to explore ways to generate revenues and increase cost recovery by monetizing the products and services they provide.
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J. Bryce, Herrington. "Public policy rules and norms in choice of a nesting place of a social enterprise". Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 3, n.º 2 (14 de octubre de 2014): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-12-2012-0055.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider how public policy rules and norms embedded in the operation and financing of firms and nonprofits may affect the choice of one or the other for nesting a social enterprise while reducing the risk of failure due to an initial bad choice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is conceptual and literature based. It identifies and evaluates factors in public policy that are embedded in the rules and norms of operating and financing firms and nonprofits that could materially affect the choice of a nesting place of a social enterprise. It treats the choice as a two-stage process: whether firm or nonprofit and what type of firm or what type of nonprofit. Findings – The choice of a structural form for nesting a social enterprise is dependent upon the public policies embedded in each form that affect the probability of venture success and entrepreneurial remorse. Research limitations/implications – This paper suggests that public policy norms and rules are deserving variables in the empirical and experimental determinants of choice and success in social enterprises. Practical implications – This paper may be used for conducting experiments of choice, as a teaching or other pedagogical tool, and for guiding entrepreneurs in making informed choices as to where to nest a social enterprise. Originality/value – The literature contains several articles on how personality, alertness, opportunity, context, and similar factors affect entrepreneurial behavior. This paper is unique in that it adds public policy to that list by demonstrating that the norms and rules derived from policy (federal and state) are determinative of an informed choice.
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Попова, Елена y Elena Popova. "The Role of City-Forming Enterprises in Solving Social Problems of Single-Industry Towns". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2018, n.º 4 (14 de enero de 2019): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-4-113-118.
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Abstract: The research features the impact of city-forming enterprises on the main spheres of functioning of Russian single-industry towns. The paper shows why a city-forming enterprise often becomes the leading actor in solving the social problems of the whole town, as well as its own employees and their families. This happens because this kind of social support strengthen the labor relations between the enterprises and their own employees, which resulted in "additional financing"of the territory by the city-forming enterprises in many regions. Agreements on social and economic cooperation between representatives of the regional or municipal power and business are a good example of the social functions adopted by city-forming enterprises. Many large enterprises of Kemerovo region have been involved in this practice for years.
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Ionin, Yevhen y Liliia Tarasenko. "CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A KEY OF STABLE DEVELOPMENT: ANALYSIS OF THE ENTERPRISES OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY". Economic Analysis, n.º 28(2) (2018): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.02.145.
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Social responsibility of business takes a special place in the terms of modern development strategy of the economy of Ukraine. This responsibility suggests such direction of the enterprise activity, which takes into account not only the personal interests of the company, but also the needs of society. The continuation of European integration processes, the exit of companies into international markets require from the business entities appropriate openness and transparency, coverage of the goals of achieving the goal of the enterprise, the tools at which such a goal is achieved. The multidimensional nature of links, which are arising during the operational activity, leads to the existence of significant impact on the internal and external environment of the enterprise. Issues of corporate social responsibility of public-interest enterprises, which, in particular, are part of the oil and gas industry, are of particular relevance. The article analyses the current state of carrying out socially responsible activity at foreign and domestic enterprises of the oil and gas industry. The components of corporate social responsibility and their impact on the enterprise` functioning and on satisfaction of social needs are investigated. The socially responsible activity has positive nature, however, at the same time, there are certain barriers of the strategy` implementation within the framework of the mentioned activity, among which financing is a key issue that requires the enterprise to properly plan and analyse the costs of socially responsible doing business. The need for planning and evaluating corporate social responsibility programs is highlighted in the article. Using the example of gas transportation enterprise, the SWOT-analysis as an instrument of obtaining information for justified decision-making is reviewed.
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Ng, Artie W., Tiffany C. H. Leung y A. Ka Tat Tsang. "Social Enterprise for Elderly Housing: Policy for Accountability and Public-Private Responsible Financing". Journal of Population Ageing 13, n.º 3 (4 de diciembre de 2018): 365–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12062-018-9235-5.
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Pratono, Aluisius Hery, Delta Ardy Prima, Nur Flora Nita Taruli Sinaga, Anggraeni Permatasari, Mintarti Ariani y Ling Han. "Crowdfunding in digital humanities: some evidence from Indonesian social enterprises". Aslib Journal of Information Management 72, n.º 2 (2 de marzo de 2020): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-05-2019-0123.
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PurposeThis article aims to understand how social enterprises adopt crowdfunding in digital humanities by investigating the mission drifting, risk sharing and human resource practices.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study uses a qualitative method by observing five different social ventures in Indonesia. The case study involves observation of social enterprises that concern digital humanities projects and interviews with those who manage the crowdfunding for financing the projects as the key respondents. The analysis uses an interpretative approach by involving the respondents to explain the phenomena.Findings(1) Adopting the crowdfunding platform encourages social enterprises to reshape social missions with more responsive action for digital humanities. (2) Crowdfunding allows social enterprises to share the risk with stakeholders who focus on fostering the social impact of digital humanities. (3) Crowdfunding stimulates social enterprises to hire professional workers with flexible work arrangements to attract specific donors and investors.Originality/valueThe result extends the principles of social enterprises by introducing some concepts of crowdfunding in digital humanities. This study also explains the boundary conditions of digital humanities projects and how crowdfunding can support the projects by adopting the principles of the social enterprise that works on digital humanities projects.
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Kuzmynchuk, N., T. Kutsenko, L. Strygul, O. Terovanesova y S. Klepikova. "INTELLECTUAL INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS IN ECONOMIC SECURITY MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISES FOR COUNTERING RAIDING". Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, n.º 37 (30 de abril de 2021): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.230242.
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Abstract. Modern views on the economic nature of countering raiding are a permanently important prerequisite for the stable development of the enterprises and the formation of a system of their effective management as the basis for ensuring economic security through the development and implementation of scenarios for countering raiders.
The presented article is aimed at the use of the analytical and methodological tools regarding the introduction into the activities of the enterprise to ensure economic security in terms of countering raiding.
Using the methods of forecasting and modeling the risk of raider seizure of the enterprises, scenarios for countering raiders (intensive, extensive and complex) have been developed for specifying and selecting the appropriate tools for making management decisions to ensure economic security.
The results of forecasting of the enterprises activities showed a significant influence of the environmental factors (financial, economic, social, etc.) on the risk of raider seizure of the representative enterprises within the formed groups. This became the scientific basis for justifying the choice and implementation of the comprehensive scenario for preventing the risk of raider seizure which combines the strategic alternatives.
The outcomes have confirmed the importance of the justification to support the choice and implementation of a comprehensive scenario for the risk preventing of raider seizure through the prism of the problems of ensuring the economic security of the enterprises in a transition economies.
The comprehensive scenario of prevention of raider capture for the enterprises-representatives of the first group provides carrying out the constant analysis of financial and economic activity, introduction of mechanisms of stimulation of management and financing of risk protection. The following alternatives are proposed for the second group of enterprises with a high level of risk of raider capture, in particular: restructuring and separate accounting of the property complex, constant analysis of financial and economic activities, inclusion of government representatives in the board of directors, risk protection financing.
The practical value lies in the formation and implementation of preventive and stimulating measures to counter raiding to ensure the economic security of the enterprise. This will allow the managers to use the tools to protect against raiding and strengthen of the economic security of the enterprise.
Keywords: risk, raiding; security, modeling, management, forecasting, efficiency, usefulness.
JEL Classification M11, M21, G30
Formulas: 10; fig.: 4; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 22.
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Jiang, HongYun y YunFei Shi. "Study on Risk Management of Green Asset Securitization in Longyuan Power". E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101002.
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In recent years, with the continuous attention and construction of the combination of environmental protection and economic benefits at the national level, green economy has become the focus of attention in the current industry. The green industry dominated by pollution prevention, resource recycling, new energy technology and other industries can make up for the lack of financing ability of enterprises mainly in green industry in traditional banks and capital markets. As an important part of green economy, green asset securitization is developing into a bridge. It is connecting social capital and green industrial enterprises. Green asset securitization will bring more powerful economic support to the development of enterprises. This paper takes China’s green industrial enterprise Longyuan Power Group Co., Ltd. as an example to analyze the risks of green asset securitization to the enterprise and the risk management measures. Focusing on the practice, the paper studies the development status and future trend of green asset securitization on enterprises.
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NAZARENKO, YU A. "CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION OF ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES AND THEIR CAPITALIZATION BASED ON VALUE ADDED". Economic innovations 20, n.º 3(68) (20 de septiembre de 2018): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.3(68).155-164.
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Topicality. In today's financial and economic analysis of the company's main indicators are output and profit, but they have significant disadvantages. The indicator "output" includes the results of the activities of suppliers of goods and services and, accordingly, does not provide adequate representation about the results of the enterprise itself. And the indicator "profit" reflects the interests of only the owners of the enterprise. Its use encourages lower wages, social security financing and employee training, and also indicates a contradiction between the interests of society and the owners of enterprises. All this determines the relevance of the definition of indicators that will ensure an adequate representation of the results of the enterprise and a single conceptual framework for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega and macro levels. Aim and tasks. Analyze the existing indicators of assessing the effectiveness of the enterprise, to determine their main disadvantages. Consider the possibility of using the indicator �gross value added� as the main indicator of an enterprise. Conduct a comparative analysis of the possibility of using different variants of the indicator �value added� to assess the performance of an enterprise. Consider using the indicator �gross value added� as a conceptual basis for evaluating the economic activities at the micro, mega and macro levels.. Research results. As the main indicators of the enterprise, using "output" and "profit". The first indicator consists of gross value added and intermediate consumption. The latter is the result of the activities of other enterprises. In this case, the external contribution can be decisive, and therefore the indicator "output" does not provide adequate representation of the results of enterprises. Another key indicator of enterprise activity is profit. At orientation to it, payment of labor, financing of social security and training of employees is the cost of the enterprise and the less they are, the greater the profit of the enterprise. But in modern conditions, in order to ensure sustainable economic development of a separate enterprise and the country as a whole, it is important to consider that hired workers are carriers of intellectual capital. Loss or reduction of this capital may lead to more significant losses than loss of physical and financial capital. Under such conditions, it is advisable to use the indicator "gross value added" as the main indicator of the effectiveness of the enterprise. Based on this indicator, the main result of the country's economic activity (gross domestic product) and regions (gross regional product) is determined. Gross value added is a very important indicator in terms of meeting the needs of all stakeholders in the productive activity of the company's: employees, owners of the enterprise, the state. The "gross value added" indicator is the main indicator of the company's activities from the point of view of the interests of the whole society, and the indicator "profit" is the main one from the point of view of the owners of the enterprise. The presence of these two indicators reflects the contradiction between the interests of society and the owners of enterprises. The use of the indicator "gross value added" as the main indicator of the company's activity provides a single conceptual basis for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega and macro levels. The study of literary sources suggests the use of different indicators "value-added" to assess the performance of the enterprise. The greatest recognition was given to the "Economic Value Added" (EVA), "Shareholder Value Added " (SVA) and "Market Value Added" (MVA). According to the results of the analysis of these indicators, it was concluded that their general disadvantage is that they reflect the interests of the owners of the enterprise, and not society. Conclusions. Gross value added has a greater analytical value than profit, because, firstly, it gives a more adequate representation of the results of enterprises, and secondly, it determines the potential for capital accumulation. The use of this indicator provides a single conceptual framework for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega-and macro level, since gross domestic product (GDP) and gross regional product (GRP) consist of the gross value added of all institutional units (residents), respectively, of the country and region.
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Shaikh, Salman Ahmed. "Poverty alleviation through financing microenterprises with equity finance". Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 8, n.º 1 (13 de febrero de 2017): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-07-2013-0022.
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Purpose This paper aims to achieve scale, efficiency and mitigate high monitoring costs, and explores the efficacy of micro equity finance at the enterprise level. The study compares the economic features of the proposed framework with interest-based debt finance. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a mathematical model to highlight the problem of agency costs including adverse selection and moral hazard. Findings Debt finance requires frequent repayments and indebtedness for financial inclusion. Conversely, the Islamic equity modes of financing in their current baseline structure suffer from high agency costs. By using enterprise level finance and distinct entry criterion for availing Islamic debt-based and micro equity finance, Islamic microfinance institutions (IMFIs) can reach the right targets and effectively mitigate the problem of adverse selection and high monitoring costs. The study suggests a framework in which equity financing could be used to fund microenterprises that will employ poor people with related skills. Research limitations/implications As the preferable modes of Islamic finance, i.e. Musharakah and Mudarabah, are not used by Islamic financial institutions (IFIs), empirical analysis of performance is not possible as they are rarely used. Practical implications The study suggests a workable model that can use Islamic equity-based modes of financing to improve microfinance outreach and achieve scale. The use of equity financing will help the Islamic finance industry to move toward its egalitarian vision, and the practical implementation of the model will help in reducing poverty in the Muslim majority countries. Social implications Muslim countries host half of global poverty, even though their share in global population is only one-fourth. Hence, there is need for solutions in achieving scale in poverty alleviation efforts. Originality/value Using a mathematical model, the paper presents agency problems in Islamic microfinance and proposes a solution through distinct entry criterion and enterprise level micro equity finance.
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Young, Craig. "Financing the Micro-Scale Enterprise: Rural Craft Producers in Scotland, 1840–1914". Business History Review 69, n.º 3 (1995): 398–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3117338.
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The micro-scale businesses of independent craft producers have received little attention from historians. This article examines the links between the financing and use of capital by these businesses, and the ambiguous social position of the petit bourgeois business owners. A quantitative examination of the relative importance of the various sources of finance for these firms is assessed in the context of the generally accepted picture of financing for British industry, revealing differences in the pattern of funding for micro-scale enterprises. The ambiguous social relationships between the micro-scale business owners and the larger bourgeoisie, and with the working class, are partly explained by the underlying economic relationships. In particular the supply of trade credit by larger firms, and the use of credit and infrequent wage payments in their relationships with the working class, are identified as important elements.
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Hui, Ye. "The Study on Partners Selection Model on the Trust Network". Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (septiembre de 2014): 6218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.6218.
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A necessary condition for efficient operation of the supply chain is having the right partner.This article aims to build evaluation system and selection models of the partner selection in supply chain financing, reduce the overall risk level of supply chain and improve revenue of all parties.The starting point of the supply chain alliance is each node enterprise form a win-win relations of cooperation.It blurred operation boundariesof the traditional enterprise taking the advantages of each node enterprise.Through scientific and effective social division of labor, the effective integration of resources, it establishedpartnership, shared information and ultimately maximized their own interests.Supply chain alliance is a kind of coexistence of competition and cooperation relations, each node enterprises in supply chain has an indispensable role.
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Hu, Xuan. "Research on Profit Maximization of New Retail E-Commerce Based on Blockchain Technology". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (14 de noviembre de 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8899268.
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With the development of science and technology and the extension of online users, e-commerce platforms gradually and effectively gather social resources such as manpower, technology, production, and capital. More and more traditional enterprises combine online and offline business as their operation and trade methods. E-commerce, as a new channel, has become one of the main transaction modes in the society. Under the background of reform of the supply side, and with the high-speed development of E-commerce, we will promote stock adjustment through incremental reform and optimize the structure of investment and financing in the process of increasing investment of e-commerce enterprises. High-quality products and diverse trading experience are the new development pattern in e-commerce. There are different profit maximization strategies for e-commerce enterprises when they face different economic situations. Besides, cross-border business is an advised way to expand business when the enterprise is under bigger profit. Via all these methods, e-commerce enterprise can help to optimize the structure of industries, circulation, and consumption and promote resource integration and optimization, and people’s living standards will be further improved. Finally, the e-commerce enterprise profit maximization will come true.
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Chen, Huan, Tingyong Zhong y Jeoung Yul Lee. "Capacity Reduction Pressure, Financing Constraints, and Enterprise Sustainable Innovation Investment: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Companies". Sustainability 12, n.º 24 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 10472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410472.
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Resolving the problem of excess production capacity through sustainable technological innovation is an important issue facing the Chinese economy in achieving high-quality development. The Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Resolving the Contradiction of Severe Overcapacity promulgated by the government in 2013 undoubtedly had a huge external impact on the traditionally competitive manufacturing market. This paper uses 6680 company-year sample observations of 1609 A-share manufacturing listed companies in China from 2010 to 2017 to examine the impact of capacity reduction pressure on ‘corporate sustainable innovation’ (the strategic response made by the enterprise administrator to cope with the impacts of the external environment including economic, social and environmental aspects) investment and the moderating role of financing constraints on this relationship. The research shows that after the promulgation of the Guiding Opinions, the degree of overcapacity had a significant positive effect on the R&D investment of enterprises, indicating that the policy to resolve overcapacity promoted their sustainable innovation investment. Such a phenomenon indicates that, to a certain extent, in the context of capacity reduction, companies have strong pressure and motivation to seek a way out through sustainable innovation. However, financing constraints have a significant inhibitory influence on the anti-forcing effect of the capacity reduction policy, indicating that the ability of enterprises to respond to external capacity reduction policies is subject to their own limited financing. Further investigation shows that capacity reduction pressure mainly promotes the sustainable innovation investment of private enterprises and has no significant impact on that of state-owned enterprises. This may be because private enterprises struggled more for survival during the transition period. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis and reference value for the formulation of government policies and the development of enterprises.
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Zhang, Mengting, Wei Xu y Jun Zhang. "Impact of Enterprise Financing Constraints on Labor Income Share Based on Internet of Things Data Analysis Technology". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (16 de junio de 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7543082.
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Although the Chinese economy has developed rapidly since the reform and opening up, the income distribution gap is widening year by year. The final social income distribution pattern is highly dependent on the primary distribution pattern. Therefore, the changing trend and influencing factors of labor income share have become the focus of academic research and the focus of government attention. Based on this, this article proposes enterprise financing based on Internet of Things data analysis technology. Studies on the impact of restraints on labor income shares will help further research on the impact of corporate financial restraints on future labor income shares. Based on the financial data reports published in the CCER database and the company’s IPO prospectus and annual report, this paper discusses whether the company’s key business products belong to the Internet of Things’ key technology application categories. Take 226 IoT companies as the research objects of this article, and conduct a secondary screening. The final survey sample is used to investigate the impact of corporate funding constraints on labor income share. Tests have proved that among the 179 resource-based enterprises undergoing transformation, 109 enterprises have undergone intraindustry transformation, accounting for 48.23% of the overall sample and 60.89% of the sample of transformed enterprises. Downstream expansion makes the business industry expand. This shows that funding constraints have a negative impact on labor income share. This is primarily the result of the impact of the long-term debt-to-asset ratio on labor income share.
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Guowei, Zhang y Wang Tao. "Game Analysis on the Difficulties of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises' Credit Financing in the Big Data Era". E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125302004.
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The effective use of social funds is an important guarantee for the benign development of the economy. The shortage of funds faced by the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and a lot of social capital sits idle are still one of the major contradictions that need to be resolved urgently. And the main source of funds for China’s real economy is still loans from commercial Banks. Through the analysis of the loan game between Banks and enterprises in the target economic environment we can find the crux of the problem. Which mainly lies in the market for enterprise information management demand and Market-based interest rate management to reduce market transaction costs and other regulatory construction issues. Therefore, in order to improve market transparency and reduce bank and corporate loan risks, the government and banks should make corresponding system management reforms in credit evaluation and classification and block management.
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Adeola, Ogechi y Munachim Amah. "LOTS Charity Foundation – transitioning into a social enterprise". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, n.º 4 (19 de noviembre de 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-03-2016-0042.
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Subject area Social Entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability Entrepreneurship modules of undergraduate programs. The case was developed for undergraduate students taking courses or modules on non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and social entrepreneurship, with a particular focus on how social enterprises evolve in emerging markets. It may also be used to teach MBA students taking similar courses. Case overview This case highlights the challenges NGOs face in emerging markets and provides motivation for transitioning into social entrepreneurship. The setting of the case is Nigeria where the World Bank estimates the poverty rate to be about 46 per cent. Innovative solutions, especially those originating from socially oriented organisations, are desperately needed to overcome the myriad social challenges facing Nigeria, all of which are direct or indirect consequences of poverty. Social entrepreneurship is gradually becoming a viable career option, especially as interested organisations absorb the teeming graduates from Nigerian universities, thereby themselves contributing to the mitigation of the undesirable consequences of unemployment. NGOs that primarily relied on donors are also beginning to look inwards because of the harsh economic climate in the country. With donors gradually reducing and, in some instances, withdrawing financial support, NGOs may have to look to other options for raising the needed capital to achieve set goals. Beginning in 2008, and driven primarily by spiritual and altruistic ideals, Tolulope Sangosanya (Tolu) walked the filthy streets of Ajegunle, a notorious ghetto in Lagos, where the inhabitants lived in shanties built on heaps of refuse. Shortly after that, she established an NGO – LOTS Charity Foundation – supported mainly by generous donors and her small-scale trading business. LOTS, an acronym for Love on The Streets, began to care for the physical and educational needs of the residents of this slum that she named Dustbin Estate. Though LOTS would go on to feed and educate hundreds of children, in December 2014, a major donor cancelled two weeks before a major charity event – Christmas For Every Family. This dealt a devastating blow to Tolu’s efforts, and she had to seriously consider how the organisation would continue to sustain itself in the future. Faced with mounting challenges, she began contemplating either giving up or transforming the Foundation into a full-fledged social enterprise capable of financing its activities. Expected learning outcomes The key learning points from the case study are as follows: to understand the dilemma NGOs in Nigeria (and perhaps some other emerging markets), face, and how transitioning into a social enterprise may become a viable option. To analyse the impact of social–cultural and economic context under which NGOs operate and how social enterprises evolve in emerging markets. To identify the key determinants of entrepreneurial behaviour and some of the business skills needed to resolve social problems successfully in developing countries. To explicate the key theories and concepts underlying the case study: the asset-based community development and social bricolage theories. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Mertzanis, Charilaos. "Financialisation, institutions and financing constraints in developing countries". Cambridge Journal of Economics 43, n.º 4 (23 de mayo de 2019): 825–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bez015.
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Abstract The paper uses a consistent firm-level data from the World Banks Enterprise Surveys to explore the impact of financialisation in the economy on firms’ access to finance in 138 developing countries. Access to finance reflects survey-based firms’ perceptions of external financing constraints. Financialisation is proxied by consistent cross-country measures of financial depth. These proxies capture separately the role of bank-based versus market-based financing. Firm-, sector- and country-level information is jointly used for the analysis. Firm-specific characteristics and economic and non-economic national factors are included as controls. The results show that the proxies of financialisation are broadly robust predictors of financing constraints of firms in developing countries. However, the magnitude of the financialisation effect varies between bank-based and market-based channels of financing as well as between low- and high-income countries, and it is influenced by social, institutional and religious factors.
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Berisha, Fahredin. "Funding Challenges of Small and Medium Enterprises in Transition Countries: Kosovo Case Study". Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 3, n.º 2 (20 de junio de 2020): p71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/jems.v3n2p71.
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SMEs play a very important role in the development of economies of different countries and they are now considered as a key factor of economic development. They affect unemployment, promote social welfare and can be treated as a promoter of economic growth. The paper addresses the role and importance of financing SMEs in transition countries including Kosovo. The study examines the key factors affecting the increase of SME financing from external sources, namely bank lending since other external sources of financing in Kosovo are scarce and almost non-existent. For the purposes of this paper, data from 215 SMEs surveyed in Kosovo were used, randomly distributed across manufacturing, services and commerce sectors. Data collection was done in the period January-April 2016, and their processing was carried out with SPSS (Social Package for Social Science). In order to have more consistent information during data processing, certain models were used in the paper: Paried-Samples T Test, which was used to investigate the difference between two sets of averages, which indicates that the business plan for the enterprise is relevant to bank loan access. The One Way Anova model was used to test the differences between two or more averages, and through this model is proved that high-profit enterprises have achieved easier access to bank loans. Also following the One Way Anova and Post Hoc LSD test, there were found differences between groups of enterprise by their types, activity and age. The research shows that enterprises with older ages have been able to obtain more easily bank loans. The One Way Anova and Welch-Brown-Forthyse test was used to deal with the level of education of business owners, whereby it was found that owners with a high level of education had easier access to bank loans. Through the Indepedent Samples T Test technique it was found that there is a significant difference between the age groups of the owners based on the mean and standard deviation.
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Qin, Qun Fa. "Analysis on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Passive Financing Cause and Capital Optimization Path". Advanced Materials Research 709 (junio de 2013): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.780.
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small and medium-sized enterprises have been the main part of creating social wealth in China, the main force of employment and also an indispensable part of promoting the harmonious development of economy and society. Shortage of funds and financing difficulty have been in most of the SME, however, we all know that, funds plays an essential role in subsistence and further development of the SME. In this paper, we analyzed reasons for SME financing and the passive path of optimizing capital.
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Rashid, Md Harun Ur, Mohammed Jashim Uddin y Shah Asadullah Mohd. Zobair. "Islamic Microfinance and Sustainable Development Goals in Bangladesh". International Journal of Islamic Business & Management 2, n.º 1 (6 de junio de 2018): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijibm.v2i1.53.
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The main objective of this study is to explore the Islamic Microfinance Instruments in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh. The methodology of this study is based on secondary data including existing relevant literature, and annual reports of different financial institutions. The findings of this study show that Islamic microfinance institutions have a broader scope to attain SDGs through their various investment modes.The study categorizes the Islamic microfinance instruments into four broadly parts which are profit and loss sharing financing, non-profit & loss sharing financing, Islamic social enterprise based financing and charity based financing which have a positive effect to the real sector of the sustainable economy that will lead towards achieving SDGs. The Islamic Microfinance institutions are continuing their efforts in attaining SDGs through their various products. With growing the potentiality, Islamic microfinance has both direct and indirect impacts on ensuring economic development, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion by creating employment opportunity, spreading knowledge and skills, making self-dependent, protecting from adverse effects. The paper also tries to put recommendations to reduce the challenges of Islamic microfinance acting as impediments to achieving the SDGs.
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Зиганшин, Булат, Bulat Ziganshin, Гузалия Клычова, Guzaliya Klychova, Алсу Закирова y Alsu Zakirova. "BASIC DIRECTIONS OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM FORMATION OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, n.º 3 (30 de octubre de 2019): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5db98dd5ab2ea1.73901024.
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The formation of the knowledge economy, the intellectualization of labor, the development of new information technologies, technological changes in production, the demographic crisis contributed to serious changes in the existing mechanism of social development of the agricultural enterprise and necessitated the formation of an effective personnel management system, including all aspects of management, including those related to staff motivation. In the formation of employee motivation, increasing their self-expression in work, a special place is occupied by the social policy of the enterprise. The social policy of an enterprise (organization), as an integral part of management, is an activity related to the provision of additional benefits, services and social benefits to its employees. The factors of the social environment are studied in the article, the directions of making managerial decisions on the social development of the agricultural enterprise are determined, the theoretical aspects are considered and the organizational foundations of the formation of the social development mechanism are identified, the main stages of the process of formation and implementation of the social policy system are identified, the methodology of social development analysis is determined. The developed recommendations on improving the social policy of an agricultural enterprise, consisting in the selection of effective forms and methods for realizing the needs of various social groups and their financing sources, are of practical importance. To improve the work of the personnel service for personnel management in the social policy system, it was proposed to carry out activities such as personnel monitoring, controlling, marketing personnel and personnel consulting.
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Huseynov, Arif. "Environmental and economic indicators of sustainable development of enterprises of oil and gas complexes". SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 08009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219208009.
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Research background: An indicator system is proposed to determine the nature of environmental and economic sustainability in the oil and gas industry. Purpose of the article: The main purpose here is based on the experience of developed countries and the safety practices of enterprises, which are widely used in the world as well as in terms of environmental efficiency. This indicator is used to identify the impact of the oil and gas industry on the environment and environmental-economic and social indices. Methods: Based on various experiences and indices, development and application of indicators is of great importance in terms of development strategies for enterprise formation, elimination of prerequisite in the change of environmental factors, social responsibility and environmental safety. These indicators can be used to establish the environmental rate of the enterprise. Important features of these indicators are their universality, their use in any fuel and energy complex. Findings & Value added: Its activity specificity (environmental and economic) is to evaluate the cost of damage. One of its distinctive features is to carry out accounting of the interaction between all environmental and economic character of the enterprise. This experience is already used in the Russian gas industry. Thus, this system demonstrates its applicability in environmental management and optimization of enterprise operation. In Russia, development of significant environmental management of the country in terms of environmental and economic financing, assessment of environmental impact is carried out in accordance with ISA 14000 standards.
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Li, Weian y Pengcheng Wang. "Philanthropy, political connection and debt finance". Nankai Business Review International 7, n.º 4 (7 de noviembre de 2016): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-04-2016-0013.
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Purpose Philanthropy is taken as a strategic behavior by private enterprises to obtain financial resources from governments. This paper aims to examine the relationship between private enterprise philanthropy and the debt finance, further investigating the way by which governments exchange resources with private enterprises. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for an empirical study using a sample of 1,489 Chinese private-listed companies from 2007 to 2010. The study analyzed the relationship between philanthropy and debt finance based on the resource dependence theory and social exchange theory and tested the moderating effect of political connection. Findings Philanthropy can help private enterprises to get the debt finance, and this effect occurs mainly among the political connected private enterprises; the higher degree of credit allocation marketization is, the less philanthropy can affect the debt finance and the less influence political connection can exert on that relationship. Philanthropy contributes to debt financing mainly because it can help obtain more long-term loan, and this effect is more obvious for politically connected private enterprises in regulated industries. Originality/value This paper verifies the action logic of private enterprises philanthropy from the perspective of exchange behavior, which is helpful to understand the motive and influence of private enterprises philanthropy.
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GORYACHUK, V. F. y Y. A. NAZARENKO. "GROSS VALUE ADDED AS THE MAIN INDICATOR PRODUCTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES". Economic innovations 22, n.º 2(75) (20 de junio de 2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2020.22.2(75).25-33.
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Topicality. Traditionally, output and profit are used as the main indicators of enterprise productivity, but they have significant shortcomings. All this determines the relevance of the search for new indicators that will provide an adequate idea of the productivity of enterprises and a single conceptual basis for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega and macro levels. Aim and tasks. To analyze the existing indicators for assessing the productivity of enterprises, to identify their main short comings. Consider the experience of the Republic of Belarus in the use of gross value added as an indicator of productivity of enterprises. Justify the use of gross value added as a conceptual basis for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega and macro levels. Identify the main indicators for assessing the productivity of enterprises on the basis of gross value added. Research results. As the main indicators of the enterprise, use "output" and "profit". The first indicator consists of gross value added and intermediate consumption and therefore it depends on the performance of other enterprises. In this case, the external contribution can be decisive and therefore the indicator "output" does not give an adequate idea of the productivity of enterprises. Another key indicator of enterprise activity is profit. With a focus on it, wages, social security financing and employee training are the costs of the enterprise and the smaller they are, the greater the company's profits. But in modern conditions to ensure sustainable economic development of the individual enterprise and the country as a whole, it is important to consider that employees are carriers of intellectual capital. The loss or reduction of this capital can lead to more significant losses than the loss of physical and financial capital. Under such conditions, it is advisable to change the benchmark, namely the use of gross value added as the main indicator of productivity of the enterprise. It is on the basis of this indicator that the main result of economic activity of the country (gross domestic product) and regions (gross regional product) is determined. Gross value added is a very important indicator in terms of meeting the needs of all stakeholders in the performance of the enterprise: employees, business owners, the state. The indicator "gross value added" is the main indicator of the enterprise in terms of the interests of society as a whole, and the indicator "profit" - the main in terms of the interests of business owners. The presence of these two indicators reflects the contradiction between the interests of society and business owners. Conclusion. Gross value added has a greater analytical value than the indicators "output" and "profit", because, firstly, it gives a more adequate picture of the results of enterprises, secondly, it determines the potential for capital accumulation and thirdly provides a single conceptual basis for evaluation of economic performance at the micro, mega and macro levels.
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Hussain, A. H. M. Belayeth y Noraida Endut. "Do decent working conditions contribute to work–life balance". Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 12, n.º 1 (16 de abril de 2018): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjie-04-2018-045.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the contributions of decent work situation to work–life balance of small entrepreneurs. The survey was conducted to uncover the degree and magnitude of essential decent work indicators that can aid the work–life balance situation of small ventures. Design/methodology/approach The study utilized a survey research design and used a five-point Likert type questionnaire to investigate the research questions. Each construct of the scale has its corresponding items, which were measured specifically. To analyze the latent variables, partial least square (PLS)–structural equation modelling with Smart PLS application was used. Findings The findings of this study reveal that social dialogue and stability and security of enterprise have the most significant effects in ensuring work–life balance of an enterprise. Additionally, social dialogue among entrepreneurs has influence in maintaining decent working hours and fair treatment at workplace. Originality/value The value of this study lies in exploring a new dimension of analyzing working conditions in informal sector economy such as small enterprises. Because this research aims to study ventures that are financed by the microcredit institution, whether social financing plays a role in improving work–life balance situation through empowering decent working conditions can be investigated.
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B, Navaneetha y Namrata D.Davey. "Role of social media in creating avenues for startups". Journal of Management and Science 9, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2019.4.
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In the developing nation like India where the entire population is encouraged to make the country digitalised, the social media acts like a boon in creating avenues for startups.Early stage in the life cycle of an enterprise where the entrepreneur moves from the idea stage to securing financing, laying down the basis structure of the business, and initiating operations or trading has been said to be startups. Social Media is a useful tool that helps to connect the technology and the social aspects around the world.In recent years, social media has paved the way for creating avenues for startups and helping them to run their businesssuccessfully
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Imdad Ali Khowaja, Sikandar Hussain Soomro y Muhammad Nawaz. "The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises in Perspective of Labour Abundant Economy of Pakistan". Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) 3, n.º 1 (3 de marzo de 2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss1.83.
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The small and medium enterprise sector has played a significant role in theincome and employment generation in the developed and developingeconomies. The current study is conducted to find out the potential of theSMEs to achieve the economic and social objectives. The survey data of 300SMEs indicates the wider gap between the demands for SME financing and thesupply-side. The test result p<0.05 indicates that the lack of access to capitalinvestment, finance, and support from the public sector institutions to upgradethe technology and commutation means are the major obstacles for the SME'sto scale-up their performance in the current market reforms. While the resultof the regression model (r=0.992) indicates a strong correlation between thevariables. In fact, those SME's had overcome the issues of technology,communication, dearth of functional barriers because they had the access tothe formal sources of financing. Therefore, to attain the target of 10 millionjobs and reduce unemployment in the country, the policymakers have to makenecessary arrangements to establish new financial sources and facilitate theexisting financial firms to expand their network for the advancement andmodernization of SMEs operating in the formal and informal fold of theeconomy.
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Radukh, N. "Trends innovative development of Lviv region". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, n.º 86 (28 de febrero de 2018): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8620.
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The article analyzes aspects of innovative activity of enterprises and some elements of their investment support in the current conditions of increasing the influence of globalization processes and determining the comparative advantages of the region, since the introduction of innovative products is a basis for effective development of the enterprise, region and country as a whole. The analysis of the main indicators characterizing the level of innovative activity and innovation activity of the enterprises of Lviv region, in particular the volume of performed scientific and technical works; the share of enterprises that introduced innovations; volumes and structure of sources of financing of innovation activity in the Lviv region, volumes of expenses for innovative activity of enterprises and direct foreign investments into the economy of Lviv region. The peculiarities of the innovation process at the regional level are characterized and directions of activation of investment and innovation activity taking into account the comparative advantages of the region on the basis of SWOT-analysis with the definition of strengths and weaknesses and the use of opportunities and the avoidance of threats are proposed; use of foreign economic potential of the region, its borderline location and export-oriented production. The development of innovative potential and expansion of the ways of its investment support are one of the factors that play a crucial role in ensuring a comprehensive balanced development of the region, building strategic prospects for its economic growth, identifying internal problems and obstacles that hinder really assess the potential of existing ones at the local levels of development resources. The implementation of regional innovation policy involves the use of methodological approaches that ensure the coordination of the interests of economic entities in the territory with the objectives of its economic and social development. A key role in ensuring innovation activity is the choice of a particular strategy for innovation development and its implementation, as well as the level of availability of various resources in the innovation sector and the quality of management. The issue of investment and financial provision of innovative development of enterprises of the region and the search for ways of alternative financing, information awareness of enterprise management in the innovation sphere and the possibilities of adjusting the process of their application in practical activities remain relevant.
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Ayalew, Misraku Molla y Zhang Xianzhi. "The effect of financial constraints on innovation in developing countries". Asian Review of Accounting 28, n.º 3 (22 de octubre de 2019): 273–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-02-2019-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial constraints on innovation in developing countries. It also examines how the effect of financial constraints varies by sector and with main firm characteristics such as size and age. Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes matched firm-level data from two sources; the World Bank Enterprise Survey and the Innovation Follow-Up Survey. From 11 African countries, 4,720 firms have been included in the sample. A recursive bivariate probit model is used. Findings The result shows that financial constraints adversely affect a firm’s decision to engage in innovative activities and the likelihood to have product innovation and process innovation. The results point out that the extent of the adverse effect of financial constraints on innovation differs across the sectors, firm size and age groups. A firm’s innovation is also explained by firm size, R&D, cooperation/alliance, the human capital of the firm, staff training, public financial support and export. At last, the probability of encountering financial constraints is explained by firms’ ex ante financing structure, amount of collateral, accounting and auditing practices and group membership. Practical implications Managers should strengthen the internal and external financing capacity to reduce financing constraints and their adverse effect on innovation. Social implications A pending policy task for African leaders is to design and evaluate reforms that reduce the adverse effects of financial constraints on innovation. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature on financing of innovation by examining how and to what extent financial constraints affect innovation across various sectors, size and age groups.