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KISS, J. J., E. DE JONG, and H. P. W. ROSTAD. "AN ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION IN WEST-CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN USING CESIUM-137." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-059.
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Soil erosion in five Rural Municipalities of west-central Saskatchewan was assessed using cesium-137 as an indicator of soil redistribution. Native, noneroded soils across the study area were sampled to determine a baseline value for cesium-137 (2877 Bq m−2), which was used to predict the erosion of cultivated soils since the early 1960s. Soil redistribution estimates were calculated for idealized positions (upper, middle, lower) on medium-textured cultivated hillslopes, and for the total erosional portion of the hillslopes. Mean hillslope soil erosion rates were 23 ± 8 t ha−1 yr−1 for slopes with 0–3% gradient, 27 ± 9 t ha−1 yr−1 for 3–10% slopes, and 48 ± 16 t ha−1 yr−1 for 10–24% slopes, representing a soil removal of 3.8 cm, 4.4 cm, and 7.8 cm, respectively, since 1960. These soil losses represented between 27 and 67% of the topsoil and between 8 and 35% of the solum currently present within the eroding upslope areas. A significant positive correlation existed between the thickness of soil horizons and solums, and the rate of soil erosion on the upper and middle slope positions. The greatest erosion rates were determined for the upper slope positions, probably because of a dominance of wind and tillage erosion within the area. Soil erosion rates within slope classes decreased with increasing slope length, particularly on 10–24% slopes. Erosion by overland flow was considered to be of minor importance, especially on level landscapes (0–3% gradient) where erosion averaged 23 ± 8 t ha−1 yr−1. Erosion rates ranging between 23 and 48 t ha−1 y−1 occurred over approximately 2/3 of the cultivated study area. High rates of soil erosion over such a large portion of the landscape are alarming, considering that the accepted tolerable soil loss is 11.2–4.5 t ha−1 yr−1. Key words: Soil erosion, cesium-137, water erosion, wind erosion, hillslope
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Kong, Bo, and Huan Yu. "Estimation Model of Soil Freeze-Thaw Erosion in Silingco Watershed Wetland of Northern Tibet." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/636521.
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The freeze-thaw (FT) erosion is a type of soil erosion like water erosion and wind erosion. Limited by many factors, the grading evaluation of soil FT erosion quantities is not well studied. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the evaluation indices of soil FT erosion, we for the first time utilized the sensitivity of microwave remote sensing technology to soil moisture for identification of FT state. We established an estimation model suitable to evaluate the soil FT erosion quantity in Silingco watershed wetland of Northern Tibet using weighted summation method of six impact factors including the annual FT cycle days, average diurnal FT phase-changed water content, average annual precipitation, slope, aspect, and vegetation coverage. Finally, with the support of GIS, we classified soil FT erosion quantity in Silingco watershed wetland. The results showed that soil FT erosion are distributed in broad areas of Silingco watershed wetland. Different soil FT erosions with different intensities have evidently different spatial and geographical distributions.
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Ola, A., I. C. Dodd, and J. N. Quinton. "Can we manipulate root system architecture to control soil erosion?" SOIL 1, no. 2 (September 8, 2015): 603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-603-2015.
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Abstract. Soil erosion is a major threat to soil functioning. The use of vegetation to control erosion has long been a topic for research. Much of this research has focused on the above-ground properties of plants, demonstrating the important role that canopy structure and cover plays in the reduction of water erosion processes. Less attention has been paid to plant roots. Plant roots are a crucial yet under-researched factor for reducing water erosion through their ability to alter soil properties, such as aggregate stability, hydraulic function and shear strength. However, there have been few attempts to specifically manipulate plant root system properties to reduce soil erosion. Therefore, this review aims to explore the effects that plant roots have on soil erosion and hydrological processes, and how plant root architecture might be manipulated to enhance its erosion control properties. We demonstrate the importance of root system architecture for the control of soil erosion. We also show that some plant species respond to nutrient-enriched patches by increasing lateral root proliferation. The erosional response to root proliferation will depend upon its location: at the soil surface dense mats of roots may reduce soil erodibility but block soil pores thereby limiting infiltration, enhancing runoff. Additionally, in nutrient-deprived regions, root hair development may be stimulated and larger amounts of root exudates released, thereby improving aggregate stability and decreasing erodibility. Utilizing nutrient placement at specific depths may represent a potentially new, easily implemented, management strategy on nutrient-poor agricultural land or constructed slopes to control erosion, and further research in this area is needed.
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Lisetsky, Fyodor N., Pavel V. Goleusov, and Zhanna Ar Buryak. "Tolerable soils erosion losses and soil formation rates in the context of carbon balance regulation." Lomonosov Soil Science Journal 79, no. 3, 2024 (2024): 139–51. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-3-139-151.
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Erosion-accumulation processes are realized through paragenetic processes of soil destruction, transport, redepo- sition and accumulation of pedosediments enriched in organic carbon. A promising approach in modern methods for substantiating permissible erosion losses of soils is the integration of assessments of the quality of soil resources, the rate of erosion and soil formation, including calculations of the balance of organic carbon in soils of agroeco- systems. The range of research tasks included: analysis of current integrated approaches to justify the permissible erosion losses of soils that are the most promising from the point of view of the completeness of reflection of ag- ropedogenesis; assessment of the effectiveness of the process of regeneration of the humus horizon under primary, recent and postagrogenic variants of soil reproduction; identification of patterns of formation of natural soil cover on dated and full Holocene erosional pedotopocatena; determination of the effectiveness of erosion-accumulation processes in the formation of pedosediments enriched with organic carbon in the thalwegs of runoff depressions during an extreme hydrological event and in accumulative elements of the landscape over a centuries-long period. The main objects of the study were soils of different ages in a state of renaturation, which were selected in anthropo- genically disturbed geosystems of the European forest-steppe. In addition, soil-geomorphological features within different-aged erosional pedotopocatenes and processes of accumulation of pedosediments at different scale levels were studied. The results of mathematical modeling of the soil-forming process over time, based on an extensive database of soil-chronological data, show significant differences in the rate of formation of the humus horizon at the initial and quasi-final stages of pedogenesis, as well as the relationship between the ontogenetic maturity of the humus profile and the rate of pedogenesis, which must be taken into account when justifying acceptable erosion losses. Long-term studies of the processes of renaturation of disturbed soils in the forest-steppe zone have identified a special type of reproduction in Agroabrozems, when functional rehabilitation of the residual humus horizon occurs, which differs from primary pedogenesis during the formation of a humus profile on parent rocks. Depending on the erosional transformation of the predecessor soil profile, the average rates of formation of the postagrogenic humus horizon in forest-steppe Chernozems range from 3,6 to 6,0 mm·year–1. As shown by the results of studying different-age and full-Holocene pedotopocatenes, the natural soil cover, which reflects the processes of erosion-accumulation and landscape slope microzonality, and soil-geomorphological relationships can be adequately formalized by improving the formula for calculating the relief function in erosion models through the introduction of a variable power value for the slope length index.
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Jankauskas, B., and M. A. Fullen. "A pedological investigation of soil erosion severity on undulating land in Lithuania." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-058.
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It is essential that we can rapidly characterize soil erosion severity. This paper describes a field methodology to classify soil erosion severity on Dystric Albeluvisols in Lithuania. The goal was to assess cumulative soil loss due to the combined action of accelerated and natural soil erosion. Evaluation of soil erosion severity helps us understand which segments of the landscape are susceptible to erosion and therefore require soil conservation. Factors considered in evaluating soil erosion severity included the existing genetic soil horizons remaining after soil erosion processes, the estimated thickness of lost soil, and slope inclination. The estimated depth of soil loss due to the combined action of natural (geological) and accelerated soil erosion was 0.1–0.8 m on the undulating hilly topography of the Zemaiciai Uplands of Western Lithuania. Erosion rates increased with slope steepness. Soil erosion changed soil physical and chemical properties. Therefore, natural soil fertility, as indicated by spring barley yields, decreased 22, 40 and 62% on slopes of 2–5° (3.5–8.3%), 5-10° (8.3–17.7%) and 10–15° (17.7–26.3%), respectively, compared with flat land. Crop yield was strongly negatively correlated (R2 = 0.79, P < 0.001, n = 138) with erosion severity. Due to pedological translocation, non-eroded Dystric Albeluvisols had relatively little clay and silt in eluvial (E) soil horizons, with their relative accumulation in illuvial (Bt) horizons . Thus, severely eroded soils had argillaceous top soils, due to exhumation of Bt horizons. The suggested classification system enables rapid assessment of past soil erosion severity and may have broader applicability in areas of Podzolic soils. Key words: Dystric Albeluvisols, soil erosion severity, slope steepness, soil properties, pedology
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Lin, Yunjie, Cheng Lin, Minghao Liu, and David Evans. "Soil structure effect on soil erosion potential." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1334, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1334/1/012008.
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Abstract Soil erosion poses a significant threat to water-related infrastructure such as bridges, dams, quays, and levees by detaching and transporting soil grains downstream, thereby compromising the structural support of these installations. While erosion damage is acknowledged in current design practices, understanding soil erosion parameters requires scrutiny. However, existing soil erosion databases mainly rely on reconstituted soil samples, which may differ substantially from in situ erosion due to alterations in soil structure. This study scrutinizes and contrasts the erodibilities of in situ and reconstituted soils. In situ soil samples were obtained using thin-walled Shelby tubes from Victoria, Canada, while reconstituted specimens were prepared in a slurry state and consolidated to match the overburden pressure on-site. A custom rotational erosion testing apparatus facilitated erosion testing on both Shelby tube and reconstituted specimens. The findings shed light on the influence of soil fabric on soil erosion potential, an aspect currently lacking in comprehensive understanding.
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Ismail, Fauzilah, Mazidah Mukri, and Zainab Mohamed. "Assessment of Soil Dispersibility Behaviour In-Relation to Soil Internal Erosion Resistance." Scientific Research Journal 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v5i1.5652.
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A study was conducted to assess soil dispersibility behaviour in-relation to soil internal erosion resistance. Dispersive soils can be a problem for many geotechnical projects and structures. Water flowing in a crack of earth dam or infiltration of rainwater through the crack of slope surface with enough erosion energy can detach the soil particles into suspension and transport it along the movement that will lead to internal erosion process. Soil samples from sloping area within UiTM Shah Alam Campus were collected and a laboratory study was carried out to assess the soil dispersibility behaviour. A laboratory pinhole test and crumb test were conducted to identify soils which are easily dispersed hence susceptible to internal erosion. Indication of the removal of soil particles during testing is a factor in assessing the possibility of internal erosion. Fine-grained soils are known to have low resistance to erosion however laboratory result shows that soils fraction with high coarse-grained percentage has high dispersibility grade that lead to lower internal soil erosion resistance whereas the high moisture content percentage would enhance the dispersibility characteristic of the soils performance.
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McHugh, Marianne. "Soil Erosion." Geographical Journal 165, no. 1 (March 1999): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3060530.
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Busscher, Warren. "Soil Erosion." Soil Science 154, no. 4 (October 1992): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199210000-00010.
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Belmana, Adel, Mekki Mellas, and Victor Cavaleiro. "Assessment of Coarse Soil’s Stability Towards Internal Erosion Case of Biskra’s Dam Soil." Civil and Environmental Engineering 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 332–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2024-0026.
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Abstract Internal erosion is a phenomenon that occurs in soils constituting hydraulic structures under the influence of internal flow. This erosion occurs because of pipe erosion which becomes widespread, leading in some cases to the rupture of the structure. Soils susceptible to piping, generally have particle size instability. This study aims to provide an empirical understanding of the initiation and development of erosion in coarse soil obtained near Biskra’s dam in Algeria. To assess the soil’s dispersiveness chemical analyses such as SAR and PS were conducted, as well as the particle size criteria were verified. The soil was examined in-depth using a double hydrometer test along with Crumb tests. A Hole Erosion Test (HET) device is developed to investigate the effect of certain parameters, such as the compaction degree and the hole diameter on internal erosion’s onset and progression. The results have shown the instability of the soil toward internal erosion given the considerably eroded particles. furthermore, an inverse relationship between the eroded particles mass and the degree of compaction and the initial hole’s diameter is observed.
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Pindral, Sylwia, and Marcin Świtoniak. "The usefulness of soil-agricultural maps to identify classes of soil truncation." Soil Science Annual 68, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2017-0001.
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Abstract Soil erosion led to the severe transformations of the soil cover of young morainic areas of northern Poland. Main alterations are connected with soil truncation on summits and in upper part of slopes, whereas at foot slopes and within depressions colluvial material is accumulated. Information and knowledge about the extent or intensity of erosion are mainly derived from sophisticated geospatial models or laborious field works. To reduce the effort associated with development of studies on erosion the use of easily available cartographic sources is required. The main aim of the paper is an elaboration of key to reinterpret information taken from soil-agricultural maps in the context of determining the degree of pedons truncation. The study is based on a comparison of the properties of soils representing various classes of erosional alterations with the data on existing maps. The correlation between descriptions recorded in the form of cartographic symbols with properties of pedons divided into several classes of vertical texturecontrast soil truncation and results from potential erosion maps was elaborated. The application of developed interpretative principles allows calculating the share of soil truncation classes within investigated area. The five test plots (each - 1 km2) were located along the north slopes of Noteć Middle Valley and Toruń Basin. The proposed interpretation of soil-agricultural maps reveals their significant value in studies on extent and degree of erosional alterations recorded in soil cover.
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Sianturi, Ignatius Bennito, and Cherie Bhekti Pribadi. "IDENTIFIKASI SEBARAN TINGKAT BAHAYA EROSI DI DAS BRANTAS (WILAYAH ADMINISTRASI KOTA SURABAYA) TAHUN 2022." Jurnal Penginderaan Jauh Indonesia 4, no. 1 (March 27, 2005): 38–46. https://doi.org/10.12962/jpji.v4i1.3449.
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Erosion is a critical environmental degradation event that has profound implications for agricultural productivity, ecosystem stability, and sustainable development. This study aims to quantify the rate of soil erosion in various agro-ecological zones and to evaluate the effectiveness of soil conservation practices. Given that soil conservation processes require predicting the rate of erosion that occurs, erosion rate modeling was conducted. The commonly used modeling of erosion rate values is often limited to modeling the rate of erosion caused by water, such as sheet erosion, gully erosion, and several other erosions. High and uncontrolled erosion rates can lead to the loss of soil fertility and the accumulation of thick sediment in river flows, which can cause disasters such as floods and others. In this study, the determination of erosion hazards was conducted using the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) method in the Brantas River Basin (Administrative Boundary of Surabaya City). From the obtained erosion rate values, it was found that the Brantas River Basin area (Surabaya City area) on average has a “light” hazard level.
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Mazăre, Mazăre, Anișoara Duma Copcea, Veaceslav Mazăre, and Victor Țiței. "ASSESSMENT OF ERODED AGRICULTURAL LAND IN IZGAR, CARAS SEVERIN COUNTY." "Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture Montanology Cadastre Series " 54, no. 1 (January 14, 2025): 360–65. https://doi.org/10.52846/aamc.v54i1.1581.
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Soil erosion represents an urgent, acute and extremely threatening problem, not only for agriculture, but also for the entire national economy, but also for the state of landscapes and the environment in which man lives. Consequently, not only the agronomic and economic effects of soil erosion will be further analyzed, but also the ecological effects, which have been neglected until now. In essence, we can point out that soil erosion makes the soil water regime more unfavorable, generally affecting water runoff conditions and the hydrological situation of the area; a particular phenomenon called erosional drought is manifested. In order to effectively and rationally implement measures to protect the soil against erosion, it is essential to know its causes, both natural and anthropogenic, the laws of its manifestation and development, its geographical extent, and its classification by type and degree. It is necessary to emphasize, in all its complexity, the immense, multilateral and, in many cases, irreversible damage that land erosion causes to the nation. Without awareness of this reality, the owners or beneficiaries of agricultural land will not fully perceive their responsibility for the condition of soils and their defense against erosion.
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Hu, Yaxian, Wolfgang Fister, Yao He, and Nikolaus J. Kuhn. "Assessment of crusting effects on interrill erosion by laser scanning." PeerJ 8 (January 31, 2020): e8487. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8487.
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Background Crust formation affects soil erosion by raindrop impacted flow through changing particle size and cohesion between particles on the soil surface, as well as surface microtopography. Therefore, changes in soil microtopography can, in theory, be employed as a proxy to reflect the complex and dynamic interactions between crust formation and erosion caused by raindrop-impacted flow. However, it is unclear whether minor variations of soil microtopography can actually be detected with tools mapping the crust surface, often leaving the interpretation of interrill runoff and erosion dynamics qualitative or even speculative. Methods In this study, we used a laser scanner to measure the changes of the microtopography of two soils placed under simulated rainfall in experimental flumes and crusting at different rates. The two soils were of the same texture, but under different land management, and thus organic matter content and aggregate stability. To limit the amount of scanning and data analysis in this exploratory study, two transects and four subplots on each experimental flume were scanned with a laser in one-millimeter interval before and after rainfall simulations. Results While both soils experienced a flattening, they displayed different temporal patterns of crust development and associated erosional responses. The laser scanning data also allowed to distinguish the different rates of developments of surface features for replicates with extreme erosional responses. The use of the laser data improved the understanding of crusting effects on soil erosional responses, illustrating that even limited laser scanning provides essential information for quantitatively exploring interrill erosion processes.
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BYTYQI, Valbon, and Tropike AGAJ. "SPATIAL ESTIMATION OF SOIL EROSION USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUE – A CASE STUDY OF JANJEVA RIVER CATCHMENT (KOSOVO)." Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 19, no. 2 (March 25, 2024): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2024/019/294.
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The aim of the study is to analyse the spatial estimation of soil erosion in a small size river catchment of Janjeva (Kosovo). Soil erosion is becoming a serious threat and its spatial estimation is crucial for soil resource protection and management. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) methodology integrated with GIS techniques was applied to estimate the annual erosion rate. Different datasets including open-source data were used to find main components of soil erosion. The results show different soil erosion classes depending on lithological settings, landforms, climate conditions, soil properties, land cover and soil conservation practices. By calculating RUSLE parameters for Janjeva River catchment (84 km²), we found out that mean annual erosion rate is 1 t·ha-¹·yr-¹. Erosion rate class <5 t·ha-¹·yr-¹ dominates the catchment’s area with 92.5%, while other classes have 7.5% of catchments total area. Highest rates of soil erosion are found in volcanic rocks, steep slopes and soils without conservation practices. Soils located in western part of the catchment with adequate conservation practice have minimum erosion rate.
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S. Yu., Bulygin, and Bulygina M. E. "Methodology for assessing the danger of erosion and formation of soil protection agro-landscapes." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 15(114) (2022): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-25.
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Purpose. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the erosion safety of the soil cover of Ukraine, to determine the theoretical and applied principles of the formation of an agrolandscape with guaranteed soil protection, mainly by engineering methods. Methods. System comparative analysis of erosion hazard. Mathematical modeling of erosion processes. Physical simulation of anti-corrosion protection. Results. The main causes of progressive soil erosion in Ukraine have been revealed. Classified distributed soil erosion by types and species. The main reason for the development of erosion processes and the imbalance of modern agricultural landscapes of Ukraine, which is excessive plowing of the territory and agricultural lands, has been revealed. Annual erosion losses from arable lands of Ukraine are indicated. The main degradation processes of the soil cover have been identified. The main problems in land use and land protection, which are not solved and become chronic, are formulated. Generalized negative ecological consequences of soil erosion of the chernozem habitus. It has been proven that arable land is the main element of the entropy of “chaos” in the landscape. Algorithms for the construction of soil protection agrolandscape are formulated. The ability to use the hydromechanical model has been proven Ts. E. Mirtskhulava, which we have moderated for the assessment of erosion danger in the formation of agricultural landscape structures mainly by engineering methods, for a certain probability of manifestation of erosion danger and individual factors of soil erosion. Conclusions 1. The soil cover of the Earth is degraded by almost 100%, the greatest “weight” among degradation processes is occupied by the processes of water (36%) and wind (28%) erosions. 2. One of the most significant destabilizing factors is arable land. When natural vegetation is destroyed, the soil is destroyed as a result of a sharp increase in the direct absorption of solar radiation. 3. A reliable method of protecting soils from erosion is an agrolandscape – an engineering structure (structure) that must be designed and built mainly by engineering methods on a calculated and quantitative basis, which requires the presence of appropriate mathematical models verified in every way, those processes that determined the stability and productivity of lands. The “zero” cycle is the basis of the construction of the agro-landscape is the anti-erosion protection system. 4. For the formation of anti-erosion protection in the agricultural landscape, a mathematical model of erosion is necessary as a calculation quantitative base, preference should be given to theoretical models that adequately and physically conditionally describe natural processes. Keywords: soil erosion and degradation, agricultural landscape, mathematical models of erosion, erosion hazard.
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Gong, Feng Wen, and Li Yuan. "Study on the Soil Erosion Dynamic Changes in Songhuajiang River Watershed Based on RS and GIS." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1268.
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Based on the RS and GIS, the main data resource of Landsat TM image (1995 and 2005a) was used to study the soil erosion’s spatial-temporal dynamic changes. The results shown that: the reduced area of micro-level and slight soil erosion was 190.8 and 640 km2; the increased area of moderate and intensity soil erosion was 168 and 663 km2, the preserving ratio of micro-level erosion was greatest, intensity soil erosion’s persevering ratio was smallest, the transfer-out probability from intensity to micro-level soil erosion was greatest, the study results could give us some advice on making rational use of land and improving land use pattern the optimal allocation during developing the local economy.
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Liu, Man, and Guilin Han. "Distribution of soil nutrients and erodibility factor under different soil types in an erosion region of Southeast China." PeerJ 9 (June 16, 2021): e11630. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11630.
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Background Soil erosion can affect the distribution of soil nutrients, which restricts soil productivity. However, it is still a challenge to understand the response of soil nutrients to erosion under different soil types. Methods The distribution of soil nutrients, including soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), and soil major elements (expressed as Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO, TiO2, and SiO2), were analyzed in the profiles from yellow soils, red soils, and lateritic red soils in an erosion region of Southeast China. Soil erodibility K factor calculated on the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was used to indicate erosion risk of surface soils (0∼30 cm depth). The relationships between these soil properties were explored by Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, further to determine the factors that affected the distribution of SOC, SON, and soil major elements under different soil types. Results The K factors in the red soils were significantly lower than those in the yellow soils and significantly higher than those in the lateritic red soils. The SON concentrations in the deep layer of the yellow soils were twice larger than those in the red soils and lateritic red soils, while the SOC concentrations between them were not significantly different. The concentrations of most major elements, except Al2O3 and SiO2, in the yellow soils, were significantly larger than those in the red soils and lateritic red soils. Moreover, the concentrations of major metal elements positively correlated with silt proportions and SiO2 concentrations positively correlated with sand proportions at the 0∼80 cm depth in the yellow soils. Soil major elements depended on both soil evolution and soil erosion in the surface layer of yellow soils. In the yellow soils below the 80 cm depth, soil pH positively correlated with K2O, Na2O, and CaO concentrations, while negatively correlated with Fe2O3 concentrations, which was controlled by the processes of soil evolution. The concentrations of soil major elements did not significantly correlate with soil pH or particle distribution in the red soils and lateritic red soils, likely associated with intricate factors. Conclusions These results suggest that soil nutrients and soil erodibility K factor in the yellow soils were higher than those in the lateritic red soils and red soils. The distribution of soil nutrients is controlled by soil erosion and soil evolution in the erosion region of Southeast China.
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Vopravil, J., M. Janeček, and M. Tippl. "Revised soil erodibility K-factor for soils in the Czech Republic." Soil and Water Research 2, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2100-swr.
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In the territory of the Czech Republic there are more than 50% of agricultural soils exposed to water erosion; it is a very urgent problem both at present and for the future. It must be solved now when there is still something to be protected. It is rather complicated to describe the soil properties in terms of soil susceptibility to water erosion because it is a complex relation in which many factors participate. For the complex evaluation of all main factors participating in erosion origination it is possible to apply the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). It consists of six factors interacting with each other and participating in the origination of soil erosion. One of these factors is the soil erodibility factor (K-factor), the revision of which for soil conditions of the CR is the subject of this study. In total ca. 5000 soil pits from the whole territory of the country were processed and evaluated in detail. The main results of this study are K-factor values (means and variances) for the soil types, subtypes and varieties (represented in the database) according to the Taxonomic Classification System of Soils of the Czech Republic.
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Chen, Xianghua, Wenxin Chen, Liyuan Zhao, and Yekai Chen. "Influence of Buried Pipeline Leakage on the Development of Cavities in the Subgrade." Buildings 13, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071848.
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The rapid pace of urbanization has led to an increasing frequency of road collapses, posing a significant threat to urban traffic safety. Underground pipeline leakage stands out as the primary cause of such collapses. This paper presents a macroscopic analysis of the subgrade seepage erosion process caused by pipeline leakage. Model tests were conducted to investigate the formation mechanism and explore the influence of water level, water flow rate, and soil type. The study revealed that the subgrade seepage erosion caused by pipeline leakage undergoes four distinct stages: infiltration, slow erosion, rapid erosion, and erosion convergence. Soil erosion shares similarities with sand erosion in its developmental process. The water level plays a pivotal role in determining the shape and size of the eroded area caused by sand seepage erosion. The size of the erosion cavities formed during the soil seepage erosion increased along with the increase in the water flow rate. The size of the erosion cavity increased by up to 55.7% when the flow rate was increased by three times. In addition, clay soils do not undergo significant erosional damage but do produce significant settlement. The soil erosion process caused by underground leakages in pipelines was investigated using model tests in this study, which provided valuable information for researchers performing an in-depth analysis of the mechanism of roadbed cavities generated by urban underground pipeline leakage, which is critical for safeguarding people’s travel safety and decreasing social and economic losses.
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Mai, Jianjun, Zijun Wang, Feinan Hu, Jinghua Huang, and Shi-wei Zhao. "Study on soil hydraulic properties of slope farmlands with different degrees of erosion degradation in a typical black soil region." PeerJ 11 (October 5, 2023): e15930. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15930.
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In order to explore the impact of soil erosion degradation on soil hydraulic properties of slope farmland in a typical black soil region, typical black soils with three degrees of erosion degradation (light, moderate and heavy) were selected as the research objects. The saturated hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity and water supply capacity of the soils were analyzed, as well as their correlations with soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of black soils in slope farmlands decreased with erosion degradation degree, which was higher in 0–10 cm soil layer than in 10–20 cm soil layer. The water holding capacity and water supplying capacity of typical black soils also decreased with the increase of erosion degradation degree, and both of them were stronger in the upper soil than in the lower soil. With the aggravation of erosion degradation of black soils, soil organic matter content decreased while soil bulk density increased, leading to the decline of soil hydraulic conductivity. The increase of soil bulk density and the decrease of contents of organic matter and >0.25 mm water stable aggregates were the main factors leading to the decrease of soil water holding capacity. These findings provide scientific basis and basic data for rational utilization of soil water, improvement of land productivity and prevention of soil erosion.
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S, Paramananthan, Nurfashareena Muhamad, and Joy Jacqueline Pereira. "Soil Related Factors Controlling Erosion And Landslides In Malaysia." Bulletin Of The Geological Society Of Malaysia 72 (November 15, 2021): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm72202113.
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The high temperature and rainfall in Malaysia results in intensive tropical weathering and depending on the parent material, the resultant soil can have deep or shallow soil profiles. Thus, a variety of soils can form with different textures (clay content), structure and porosity. With the high rainfall, soils in steep terrain are subjected to surface erosion when exposed or landslides if the rainwater percolates into the soil profile. Key soil-related factors controlling soil erosion and landslides include local climate, parent material of soils and depth of the weathered profile. Slope and geomorphology, vegetation and land use as well as land management practices also influence erosion and landslides. Measures used to control soil erosion and stabilize slopes require improved understanding of soil weathering, erosion, landslide and their linkages in steep terrain.
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Smirnova, M. A., A. P. Zhidkin, N. I. Lozbenev, E. A. Zazdravnykh, and D. N. Kozlov. "Digital mapping of erosion degree of soils using the factor - property and factor - process - property models (the south of the Central Russian upland)." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 104 (December 3, 2020): 158–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-158-198.
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Soil degradation resulting from water erosion poses a serious threat to food and environmental security, therefore the research of soil erosion features and soil erosion mapping do not lose their relevance. The paper presents the results of large-scale digital mapping of the erosion degree of the arable soils in the Prokhorovsky district of the Belgorod region (85 thousand hectares), based on two approaches: (1) linking the factors of erosion-accumulative processes and the erosion degree of soil directly (factor -property model), and (2) due to imitation erosion model WaTEM/SEDEM (factor - process - property model). The inclusion of the process component into the digital soil mapping algorithm allows taking into account not only the spatial but also the temporal soil erosion features. It was revealed that the agricultural development of the Prokhorovsky district was primarily carried out on lands that are weakly prone to erosion, with the rate of erosion almost two times lower than on younger arable lands. As a result, the soil erosion maps, based on the factor - process - property model, with and without taking into account the duration of agricultural use, largely correspond to each other. Dominant soil categories (the map pixel corresponds to one soil taxa - noneroded and slightly eroded, medium, highly eroded), mapping by factor -property and factor - process - property models, have a high degree of correspondence to each other (prediction identity for 90% of pixels), while the soil combinations (the map pixel has information on the proportion of soils with different erosion degrees of soil) more significant (identity for less than 60% of pixels). The areas of zonal, erosion-zonal, and weakly eroded soil combinations differ 1.5-2 times, in the direction of a greater degree of soil erosion on the factor - process - property map.
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Banu, Shaziya, and Mousa Attom. "Internal Erosion Stabilization of Cohesionless Soil Using Lime." Water 15, no. 11 (May 24, 2023): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15111992.
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Soil embankments are valuable for the adequate reserve and supply of water to multiple industries. However, they are susceptible to internal soil erosion, which may ultimately lead to structural collapse. To counteract this issue, soil stabilization is practiced in the construction industry. This paper proposes the internal erosion stabilization of cohesionless soil using quicklime. For this research, two cohesionless soil types were investigated and treated with quicklime: poorly graded and well-graded cohesionless soils. For poorly graded soil, the lime percentage varied from 0.0% to 6.0% based on the soil’s weight, while for well-graded soil, it ranged from 0.0% to 3.0%. All the soil specimens were cured for 24 h and tested using the hole erosion test (HET) to replicate the internal erosion effortlessly. The analyzed results demonstrated the efficiency of quicklime as an internal erosion stabilizer for cohesionless soils. The optimum lime content for poorly graded cohesionless soils was 5.0%; for well-graded, the percentage was approximately 3.0%. Moreover, adding lime significantly improved the strength, critical shear stress, and erosion rate index of the soil.
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Kravchenko, R., and D. D. Guerrero. "Comparative analysis of the eroded soils on the slopes of the Calderon region, Ecuador." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 3 (March 15, 2017): 148–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.399186.
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The paper presents the comparative analysis of the eroded soils on slopes. The analysis is based on the materials of field investigations and soil erosion loss models. The developed and earlier approved mathematical soil erosion models proved not to be effective for the Equatorial Andes zone. The results, in relative measurements, may be taken into consideration only as the prerequisites for potential soil erosion loss and be primarily used to support the choice of a key–site for field investigations. The slope soils vulnerable to erosion were investigated. It is revealed that the soils are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The comparative analysis of the soils on the steep slopes indicated insignificant change of their characteristics in accordance with the slope angle inclination.
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Achasov, Andrii, Alla Achasova, Ganna Titenko, Oleg Seliverstov, and Vladimir Krivtsov. "Assessment of the Ecological Condition of Soil Cover Based on Remote Sensing Data: Erosional Aspect." SHS Web of Conferences 100 (2021): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110005014.
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Soil erosion by water is the most important global environmental problem. A modern system for assessing and monitoring soil erosional degradation should be based on the use of remote sensing data. This raises the issue of correct data decoding. The article proposes a method for visual interpretation of eroded soils according to the Sentinel image obtained in the visible range. The authors give some combinations of decoding signs to determine the manifestations of linear and surface water erosion from images. The article shows possible errors in decoding the manifestations of water erosion and gives an example of assessing the erosion of the soil cover based on the results of decoding the Sentinel-2 satellite image. Moderately and heavily eroded soils are reliably distinguished, the area of which, according to the interpretation data, was 2.4% of the area of arable land in the studied territory. In the future, the obtained sample of spectral images of eroded soils can be used to develop an automated method of interpretation based on the principle of "computer vision".
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Haskevych, Oksana. "Pasmove Pobuzhzhia agricultural landscape soil heterogeneity." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 53 (December 18, 2019): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2019.53.10659.
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Pasmove Pobuzhzhia belongs to the territories of long agricultural development. Plowing of the slope lands, combined with favourable natural factors, leads to the development of processes of water erosion and the formation of soils ranges of various degrees of erosion, which increases soil heterogeneity. The article analyzes the manifestation of the soil heterogeneity at the level of elemental soil ranges (ESR) of dark gray podzolized soils. The consequence of erosion processes is the isolation of soil ranges of various degrees of erosion. To describe soil ranges, the article gives their area, distribution coefficients of range boundaries, degree of their differentiation by size (DDS), and also analyzes the nature of adjacency with the ranges of other soils. Comparison of the size of the ranges of dark gray podzolized soils of varying degree of erosion confirms the decrease in their average areas from the non-eroded (65.7 hectares) to heavily eroded soils (6.1 hectares). At the same time, the differentiation of soils by size decreases, i.e., the degree of deviation of the maximum and minimum areas from the mean values is the highest for the non-eroded soils (DDS = 1.2). The average coefficient of the dismemberment of the range limits does not depend on the degree of erosion and is 2.2. It has been found out that the maximum values achieved by the dismemberment coefficient are higher for the ranges of non-eroded soil (5.5) and decrease with increase of erosion degree. This indicates that the formed ranges of eroded soils are usually of small and simple unbranched forms (round, oval, elongated along the slope). It has been established that the ranges of non-eroded soils have a large number of adjacent ESRs, the proportion of adjacent soils that differ on the type and subtype levels are higher. The neighbouring ranges of medium and heavily eroded soils differ in the degree of erosion or belong to the microcatenas of drainage lines and arroyos. Key words: Pasmove Pobuzhzhia, structure of soil cover, elemental soil ranges, dark gray podzolized soils, water erosion.
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Djalilova, G., F. Mamatkulova, and Z. Mamatkulova. "Long-term Monitoring of the Vegetation Cover of Mountain Territories in the GIS for Soil and Landscape Study of Territories." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/64/03.
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Rational use of natural resources and preservation of environment in good conditions are the basis of stable state of the ecosystem. Mountain soil erosion is the most common process of degradation. Soil protection from erosion is becoming a global problem in the world, and in Uzbekistan, in particular. Natural conditions of the region create a potential danger of soil erosion. The reason for its manifestation is the misuse of land, non-compliance with necessary requirements for soil protection. In most cases, it is due to the location of homesteads and crops on erosion-prone soils that poorly protect soil from erosion, improper cultivation of soils on arable land, unregulated grazing of pastures, and damage to soil protective plantations.
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Shojaeezadeh, Shahab Aldin, Malik Al-Wardy, Mohammad Reza Nikoo, Mehrdad Ghorbani Mooselu, Nasser Talebbeydokhti, Nasrin Alamdari, and Amir H. Gandomi. "Historical Hazard Assessment of Climate and Land Use–Land Cover Effects on Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing: Case Study of Oman." Remote Sensing 16, no. 16 (August 14, 2024): 2976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16162976.
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Human activities, climate change, and land-use alterations accelerated soil erosion in recent decades and imposed significant threats to soil fertility and stability worldwide. Understanding and quantifying the spatiotemporal variation of soil erosion risks is crucial for adopting the best management practices for surface soils conservation. Here, we present a novel high-resolution (30 m) soil erosion framework based on the G2 erosion model by integrating satellite and reanalysis datasets and Machine Learning (ML) models to assess soil erosion risks and hazards spatiotemporally. The proposed method reflects the impacts of climate change in 1 h time resolutions and land use in 30 m scales on soil erosion risks for almost 4 decades (between 1985 and 2017). The soil erosion hazardous maps were generated/evaluated using Extreme Value Analysis (EVA), utilizing long-term annual soil erosion estimations/projections to aid policymakers in developing management strategies to protect lands against extreme erosion. The proposed framework is evaluated in the Sultanate of Oman, which lacks soil erosion estimation/assessment studies due to data scarcity. Results indicate that soil erosion has increasing perilous trends in high altitudes of the Sultanate of Oman that may cause substantial risks to soil health and stability.
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Savelieva, D. A., and V. K. Kalichkin. "Application of digital technologies in the study of water erosion of soils in Western Siberia." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 4 (September 28, 2019): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-4-10.
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The analysis of the study of water erosion of soils on the territory of the West Siberian Plain using geo-information technologies (GIS) and Earth remote sensing was carried out. It is shown that GIS and Earth remote sensing are not widely used in erosion studies in Western Siberia and are used by a limited number of modern researchers. However, the use of digital technologies in this area is characterized by the coverage of almost the full range of their capabilities and functions: digital mapping, the formation of spatially-distributed thematic databases, monitoring, space-time analysis, modeling, automated mapping. The bulk of such research is concentrated mainly within the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions, in the Altai Territory, and to a lesser extent in the Tomsk and Kemerovo regions. Digital technologies for studying water erosion in Western Siberia are more often used to study the dependence of water erosion on its determining factors (mainly topography), the effect of water erosion on soils and soil cover, in morphometric analysis of the relief, land classifi cation and mapping. The problem of remote monitoring of the temporal dynamics of water erosion and related changes in topography, soil cover, soil properties, etc. is practically not dealt with. The issues of geoinformational modeling of water erosion in terms of elaboration of detail and scale, and coverage of a larger number of areas require further development. When modeling water erosion, the nature of surface runoff is not always taken into account. The approach to the selection of criteria for the assessment of erosional land at different scales of their mapping is not entirely clear. It remains an open question to develop a methodology for the automated calculation of standards for permissible erosional losses of soil. In general, the use of Earth remote sensing and GIS facilities in the study of water erosion in the soils of Western Siberia is not systematic and comprehensive. This is confi rmed by the presence of a number of problems in the study of water erosion in the given area, which requires a digital approach to their solution.
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Hamanaka, Akihiro, Takashi Sasaoka, Hideki Shimada, and Shinji Matsumoto. "Experimental study on soil erosion under different soil composition using rainfall simulator." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 4 (April 23, 2019): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/68/2019-pse.
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Soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems in open-cut mines in tropical regions. It causes negative impacts including the removal of nutrient-rich topsoil, destroys aquatic habitat, dam and pond siltation, clogs river by deposition of sediment, and causes water pollution in the rehabilitation process. Soil texture is an important factor to affect soil erosion. In this study, artificial rainfall experiment in the laboratory scale was conducted to clarify the mechanism of soil erosion under the different soil composition and to discuss the methods for minimizing soil erosion. The obtained results showed that the soil seal generated due to the presence of fine particle under high rainfall intensity is the main contributor to accelerate the soil erosion. Additionally, the surface coverage by the cover crops is the most effective measure to reduce soil erosion because both the coarse and fine contents runoff can be minimized while arranging of the slope angle is effective for reducing the runoff of coarse contents and the soil compaction is effective to reduce that of fine contents. Soil erosion can be minimized by selecting prevention method considering the type of soil because the prevention effect on soil erosion is different depending on the type of soil.
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Sharafi, Saeed, Mehdi Mohammadi Ghaleni, and Deirdre Dragovich. "Simulated Runoff and Erosion on Soils from Wheat Agroecosystems with Different Water Management Systems, Iran." Land 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2023): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12091790.
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In developing countries, the demand for food has increased with significant increases in population. Greater demands are therefore being placed on the agricultural sector to increase production. This has led to increased soil erosion, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to simulate runoff and erosion on soils of three different wheat agroecosystems (rainfed farming, traditional irrigation, and industrial irrigation systems). The effect of variations in soil texture, slopes (1, 3 and 5%) and rainfall intensity (10, 25 and 40 mm h−1) on runoff volume, runoff coefficient, sediment concentrations, and sediment loss (soil erosion) were recorded for soils from each management system. Soil chemical properties (pH, EC) and organic matter were not significantly related to soil erosion. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in soil erosion and runoff coefficients when slopes were increased from 1 to 5 percent. The highest soil erosion was recorded on a slope of 5% with a rainfall intensity of 40 mm h−1, and the lowest on a slope of 1% with a rainfall intensity of 10 mm h−1. Of the three management systems, the highest runoff volume, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil erosion occurred on soils from the traditional irrigation treatment, with a soil texture of sandy loam, slopes of 5% and rainfall intensity of 40 mm h−1. Results of the study indicated that the influence of slope and rainfall intensity on runoff volume, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil erosion varies with soil texture and agroecosystem. These results can be usefully applied to agricultural land use planning and water management systems for reducing soil erosion at regional and on-farm levels.
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Alewell, C., M. Schaub, and F. Conen. "A method to detect soil carbon degradation during soil erosion." Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 3 (June 18, 2009): 5771–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-5771-2009.
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Abstract. Soil erosion has been discussed intensively but controversial both as a significant source or a significant sink of atmospheric carbon possibly explaining the gap in the global carbon budget. One of the major points of discussion has been whether or not carbon is degraded and mineralized to CO2 during detachment, transport and deposition of soil material. By combining the caesium-137 (137Cs) approach (quantification of erosion rates) with stable carbon isotope signatures (process indicator of mixing versus degradation of carbon pools) we were able to show that degradation of carbon occurs during soil erosion processes at the investigated mountain grasslands in the central Swiss Alps (Urseren Valley, Canton Uri). Transects from upland (erosion source) to wetland soils (erosion sinks) of sites affected by sheet and land slide erosion were sampled. Analysis of 137Cs yielded an input of 2 and 2.6 t ha−1 yr−1 of soil material into the wetlands sites. Assuming no degradation of soil organic carbon during detachment and transport, carbon isotope signature of soil organic carbon in the wetlands could only be explained with an assumed 800 and 400 years of erosion input into the wetlands. The latter is highly unlikely with alpine peat growth rates indicating that the upper horizons might have an age between 7 and 200 years. While we do not conclude from our data that eroded soil organic carbon is generally degraded during detachment and transport, we propose this method to gain more information on process dynamics during soil erosion from oxic upland to anoxic wetland soils, sediments or water bodies.
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Makarov, Oleg A., Valery V. Demidov, Dina V. Karpova, Pavel S. Shulga, Dina R. Abdulkhanova, Elena N. Yesafova, Evgeny N. Kubarev, and Victor Il Mikhailovsky. "Economic assessment of eroded soils: current state and development prospects." Lomonosov Soil Science Journal 79, no. 3, 2024 (July 29, 2024): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-3-7-18.
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Summary Soil erosion as one of the types of land degradation aff ects various economic interests of people. It is shown that the most promising areas of erosion studies, where economic methods can be applied, are — assessment of actual damage fr om soil erosion, determination of the magnitude of probable damage from the occurrence of erosion processes in soils, economic analysis in the development of sustainable land use systems for territories whose soils are subject to erosion. Th e group of methods for determining economic damage is characterized by the greatest development, including taking into account ecosystem services that soils «lose» as a result of erosion processes. Methods for assessing the risk of soil erosion have signifi cant development potential, since by now a powerful database of predictive models and equations (USLE, RUSLE, RUSLE2, WEPP, EUROSE, CREAMS, EPIC, VNIIZiZPE, etc.) has been created, allowing to assess indicators of soil erosion in the future. Th e neoclassical theory of capital is used in the development of sustainable land use systems, which requires that the fertility of the soil and the net social benefits from non-market goods and services from agricultural land should be maintained over time. Th us, it is possible to create compensatory taxation mechanisms for territories wh ere soil erosion processes occur.
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Aliyev, Z. "Soil erosion research on determining the extent of the potential dangers of mountain-brown soils of the Quba-Khachmaz zone of Azebajdzhan." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 7 (July 13, 2017): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.826481.
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On the plots under sowing of field crops traits for which you can define the degree of soil erosion are projective cover and height plants. Enthusiastically steepness of slopes the ability to use crops as indicators of soil erosion reduces soil erosion degree of natural grassland can be estimated based on existing dependencies between the grass plants and extent of soil erosion. Strong enough erosion degree soils of sloping meadows can be recognized for environmental regimes of vegetation habitats.
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Tenge, A. J., F. B. S. Kaihura, R. Lal, and B. R. Singh. "Erosion effects on soil moisture and corn yield on two soils at Mlingano, Tanzania." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 13, no. 2 (June 1998): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007712.
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AbstractSoil erosion is a major threat to sustaining agricultural production in Tanzania. However, quantitative information is scanty on its effects on yields of major crops for principal soils and management practices. We conducted this study to determine erosion effects on soil moisture, related properties and corn yield on Tropeptic Haplustox and Ultic Haplustalf soils at Mlingano in Tanzania. Four erosion classes (least, slight, moderate, and severe) on Tropeptic Haplustox and three erosion classes (slight, moderate, and severe) on Ultic Haplustalf were established according to the thickness of the Ap horizon under natural field conditions. Accelerated soil erosion reduced soil moisture content, soil organic carbon, available water capacity and water use efficiency. Mean volumetric soil moisture content (average of both soils) during the growing season was 23.3% for severe, 24.8% for moderate, and 25.7% for slight erosion. Mean soil organic carbon content was 1.15% for severe, 1.64% for moderate and 1.97% for slight erosion. Mean available water capacity was 2.6 cm for severe, 3.5 cm for moderate, and 4.0 cm for slight erosion. Soil bulk density and excessive degree days of soil temperature above 25°C increased with severity of erosion. These adverse changes accentuated constraints on crop growth and reduced corn (Zea mays) yield on severely eroded soil by 45% and 59% for Tropeptic Haplustox and Ultic Haplustalf soils, respectively. The water use efficiency of corn was 21.6 kg ha-1cm-1in the least eroded class versus 17 kg ha-1cm-1in the severely eroded class for the Tropeptic Haplustox, and 23 kg ha-1cm-1in the slightly eroded and 18.1 kg ha-1cm-1in the severely eroded class for Ultic Haplustalf.
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Mandal, D., S. Patra, N. K. Sharma, N. M. Alam, C. Jana, and R. Lal. "Impacts of Soil Erosion on Soil Quality and Agricultural Sustainability in the North-Western Himalayan Region of India." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 19, 2023): 5430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065430.
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Erosion by water reduces soil quality and hence crop yield. Understanding the response of crop yields to soil erosion is vital in assessing agriculture’s vulnerability to erosion. However, these effects are difficult to quantify. The study presents a quantitative relationship between soil erosion and soil quality and productivity of rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum) by comparing field plots with different degrees of erosion in some sub-tropical alfisols in the Doon Valley region of India. By comparing the topsoil depth with the reference site as the control, erosion severity was classified into different phases such as slight, moderate, severe, and very severe. A quantitative, weighted additive model was used to evaluate soil quality for different phases of erosion using soil clay content, water holding capacity, soil aggregate, soil organic carbon, pH, CEC, total N, available P, and available K. The synthesis of long-term experimental data revealed that the mean soil erosion rate varied from 5.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in slightly eroded plots to 33.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in very severely eroded plots. Compared with the reference forest, the soil organic carbon (SOC) declined by 81.4% and water holding capacity by 31% in severely eroded soils. A substantial loss of total N, extractable P, and available K was also observed. Water stable aggregates (WSA) decreased from 86% to 12.6%, and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) from 25 to 12.6 c mol(+) kg−1. The soil quality index was 0.7 in slightly eroded compared with 0.4 in severely eroded soil. Similarly, the sustainable yield index for wheat was 0.9 and 0.6 for slightly and severely eroded soils, respectively. Thus, there is a strong need to identify land management systems that reduce erosion risks, restore eroded soils, and enhance soil quality.
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Coelho, C. O. A., A. J. D. Ferreira, A. Laouina, A. K. Boulet, M. Chaker, R. Nafaa, R. Naciri, et al. "Changes in land-use and their impact on erosion rates and overland flow generation in the Maghreb region." Revue des sciences de l'eau 17, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705528ar.
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The ongoing intensification of grazing as well as the replacement of traditional land management systems in the Maghreb has brought to the forefront the fundamental role of land-use in determining soil erosion hazard. This paper reports on erosion rates and soil hydrological characteristics of a variety of land uses in Morocco and Tunisia. The results were obtained through rainfall simulation experiments carried out in the field using a portable simulator, following the design of CERDÀ et al. (1997). Traditional land management systems - typically involving a combination of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry - produced the least amounts of overland flow and the lowest soil erosion rates. Over-exploitation of these systems apparently has only minor hydrological and erosional impacts. Heavily grazed, degraded "maquis" shrublands, on the other hand, produced considerable amounts of overland flow. At the plot scale of the rainfall simulation experiments (0.24 m2), the corresponding sediment loads are rather insignificant. Nevertheless, slopes where "maquis" shrublands (which generally have very compacted soils) occur upslope from more erodible soils may present a major erosion hazard.
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Nanney, R. D., D. W. Fryrear, and T. M. Zobeck. "Wind Erosion Prediction and Control." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0455.
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Few regions of the United States are entirely safe from wind erosion. Whenever the soil surface is loose and dry with limited crop residue cover, and the wind sufficiently strong, soil erosion will occur. Soil erosion by wind causes diffuse pollution, loss of topsoil, reduced crop production, and damage to both public and private facilities. Factors contributing to the wind erosion process can vary daily. This complex process presents a challenge to the science of wind erosion prediction and control. USDA Agricultural Research Service is developing a new Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) to overcome the limitations of the existing Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ). WEPS is a computer based model with submodels for crops, soils, tillage, erosion, weather, hydrology, and decomposition. USDA Soil Conservation Service assisted with the characterization of changes in the temporal soil properties of the tillage zone and ground surface and erosion rates at a validation site in the Great Lakes region. The results of the data collection for the soils and erosion submodels and a discussion of a windbreak demonstration site show the dynamic nature of the wind erosion process.
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Pierson, Derek N., Peter R. Robichaud, Charles C. Rhoades, and Robert E. Brown. "Soil carbon and nitrogen eroded after severe wildfire and erosion mitigation treatments." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 10 (2019): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18193.
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Erosion of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) following severe wildfire may have deleterious effects on downstream resources and ecosystem recovery. Although C and N losses in combustion and runoff have been studied extensively, soil C and N transported by post-fire erosion has rarely been quantified in burned landscapes. To better understand the magnitude and temporal pattern of these losses, we analysed the C and N content of sediment collected in severely burned hillslopes and catchments across the western USA over the first 4 post-fire years. We also compared soil C and N losses from areas receiving common erosion-mitigation treatments and untreated, burned areas. The concentrations of C and N in the eroded material (0.23–0.98gCkg−1 and 0.01–0.04gNkg−1) were similar to those of mineral soils rather than organic soil horizons or combusted vegetation. Losses of eroded soil C and N were highly variable across sites, and were highest the first 2 years after fire. Cumulative erosional losses from untreated, burned areas ranged from 73 to 2253kgCha−1 and from 3.3 to 110kgNha−1 over 4 post-fire years. Post-fire erosion-mitigation treatments reduced C and N losses by up to 75% compared with untreated areas. Losses in post-fire erosion are estimated to be &lt;10% of the total soil C and N combusted during severe wildfire and &lt;10% of post-fire soil C and N stocks remaining in the upper 20cm of mineral soil. Although loss of soil C and N in post-fire erosion is unlikely to impair the productivity of recovering vegetation, export of C and N may influence downstream water quality and aquatic ecosystems.
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SESTRAS, Paul, Sevastel MIRCEA, Sanda ROȘCA, Ștefan BILAȘCO, Tudor SĂLĂGEAN, Lucian O. DRAGOMIR, Mihai V. HERBEI, et al. "GIS based soil erosion assessment using the USLE model for efficient land management: A case study in an area with diverse pedo-geomorphological and bioclimatic characteristics." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 51, no. 3 (September 26, 2023): 13263. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313263.
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The complex environmental process of soil erosion is crucial to sustainable land management and conservation. This study uses the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model to understand the intricate interactions that cause soil erosion in Cluj County, Romania, a region susceptible to complex erosion and landslide phenomenon. The established analysis depicts erosion patterns from localised hotspots to regions of relative stability, providing valuable insights into this critical issue. Spatial distribution maps with color-coded gradients show soil erosion risk and identify vulnerable regions, with temporal investigations depicting how environmental changes affect soil erosion, making it relevant to soil conservation and land management. A careful analysis of the USLE model's parameters (Ls, Cs, C, S, K) shows their soil erosion contributions. The erosion rates were graded in five classes in accordance to general practices of USLE modelling, which range from very-low, low, moderate, high and very-high susceptibility to soil erosion. While a significant majority of the county’s surface is represented by very-low and low erosion risk, several hotspots were identified with intense erosion processes that highlights the critical need to implement soil conservation measures in the area. Identifying erosion hotspots and conservation solutions encourages stakeholders to protect soils, and can provide policymakers with useful information for developing improved guidelines for soil and water conservation.
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Alewell, C., M. Schaub, and F. Conen. "A method to detect soil carbon degradation during soil erosion." Biogeosciences 6, no. 11 (November 10, 2009): 2541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2541-2009.
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Abstract. Soil erosion has been discussed intensively but controversial both as a significant source or a significant sink of atmospheric carbon possibly explaining the gap in the global carbon budget. One of the major points of discussion has been whether or not carbon is degraded and mineralized to CO2 during detachment, transport and deposition of soil material. By combining the caesium-137 (137Cs) approach (quantification of erosion rates) with stable carbon isotope signatures (process indicator of mixing versus degradation of carbon pools) we were able to show that degradation of carbon occurs during soil erosion processes at the investigated mountain grasslands in the central Swiss Alps (Urseren Valley, Canton Uri). Transects from upland (erosion source) to wetland soils (erosion sinks) of sites affected by sheet and land slide erosion were sampled. Analysis of 137Cs yielded an input of 2 and 4.6 tha−1 yr−1 of soil material into the wetlands sites. Assuming no degradation of soil organic carbon during detachment and transport, carbon isotope signature of soil organic carbon in the wetlands could only be explained with an assumed 500–600 and 350–400 years of erosion input into the wetlands Laui and Spissen, respectively. The latter is highly unlikely with alpine peat growth rates indicating that the upper horizons might have an age between 7 and 200 years. While we do not conclude from our data that eroded soil organic carbon is generally degraded during detachment and transport, we propose this method to gain more information on process dynamics during soil erosion from oxic upland to anoxic wetland soils, sediments or water bodies.
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Higgitt, David L. "Soil erosion and soil problems." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 15, no. 1 (March 1991): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339101500108.
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Higgitt, David. "Soil erosion and soil problems." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 16, no. 2 (June 1992): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339201600205.
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Higgitt, David. "Soil erosion and soil problems." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 17, no. 4 (December 1993): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339301700404.
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Ramazanova, N. E., and Ch Zh Avezkhanov. "DETERMINATION OF SOIL LOSS IN THE ULYSAI RIVER BASIN USING THE RUSLE FORMULA." Hydrometeorology and ecology 100, no. 1 (2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54668/2789-6323-2021-100-1-42-49.
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Since soil erosion is one of the processes that have a significant negative impact on land resources, as well as the economy, it is very important to determine the main types of erosion, calculate the process of soil erosion, rationalize and organize its prevention. Soil erosion is most often observed on fine-grained soils, in areas with high humidity and strong winds, with severe erosion, soil fertility is lost, which accordingly leads to a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Today it is effective to use the RUSLE formula to determine the main factors affecting soil erosion processes. The article examines the Ulysai river basin, located in the Burlinsky district of the West Kazakhstan region. In the course of the study, the coefficient of soil erosion for pastures was 0.007...0.09 t/ha per year. On arable land, the value of the coefficient A of soil erosion was 0,2...0,83 t/ha per year.
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Sergey, V., and S. Vyacheslav. "An aerodynamic approach in soil hydraulic conductivity estimation for investigating soil erosion degree." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-66-2015.
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Abstract. We propose a new method for determining the degree of erosion for zonal soils of the East European Plain. This new approach uses soil porosity and filtration to determine a coefficient of aerodynamic similarity. We evaluated the degree of soil erosion on ranges of the major zonal soils of the eastern part of European Russia by applying this new method. Based on these data, we developed a diagnostic scale to determine the extent of soil erosion in this area.
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Koirala, Pooja, Sudeep Thakuri, Subesh Joshi, and Raju Chauhan. "Estimation of Soil Erosion in Nepal Using a RUSLE Modeling and Geospatial Tool." Geosciences 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040147.
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Soil erosion is a major issue, causing the loss of topsoil and fertility in agricultural land in mountainous terrain. Estimation of soil erosion in Nepal is essential because of its agriculture-dependent economy (contributing 36% to national GDP) and for preparing erosion control plans. The present study, for the first time, attempts to estimate the soil loss of Nepal through the application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. In addition, it analyzes the effect of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) and slope ( β ) exposition on soil erosion. Nation-wide mean annual soil loss of Nepal is estimated at 25 t ha−1 yr−1 with a total of 369 million tonnes (mT) of potential soil loss. Soil erosion based on the physiographic region of the country shows that the Middle Mountains, High Mountains, High Himal, Chure, and Terai have mean erosion rates of 38.0, 32.0, 28.0, 7.0, and 0.1 t ha−1 yr−1. The soil erosion rate by basins showed that the annual erosions of the Karnali, Gandaki, Koshi, and Mahakali River basins are 135, 96, 79, and 15 mT, respectively. The mean soil erosion rate was significantly high (34 t ha−1 yr−1) for steep slopes (β > 26.8%) and the low (3 t ha−1 yr−1) for gentle slopes (β < 5%). Based on LULC, the mean erosion rate for barren land was the highest (40 t ha−1 yr−1), followed by agricultural land (29 t ha−1 yr−1), shrubland (25 t ha−1 yr−1), grassland (23 t ha−1 yr−1), and forests (22 t ha−1 yr−1). The entire area had been categorized into 6 erosion classes based on the erosion severity, and 11% of the area was found to be under a very severe erosion risk (> 80 t ha−1 yr−1) that urgently required reducing the risk of erosion.
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Heckrath, G., J. Djurhuus, T. A. Quine, K. Van Oost, G. Govers, and Y. Zhang. "Tillage Erosion and Its Effect on Soil Properties and Crop Yield in Denmark." Journal of Environmental Quality 34, no. 1 (January 2005): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0312a.
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ABSTRACTTillage erosion had been identified as a major process of soil redistribution on sloping arable land. The objectives of our study were to investigate the extent of tillage erosion and its effect on soil quality and productivity under Danish conditions. Soil samples were collected to a 0.45‐m depth on a regular grid from a 1.9‐ha site and analyzed for 137Cs inventories, as a measure of soil redistribution, soil texture, soil organic carbon (SOC) contents, and phosphorus (P) contents. Grain yield was determined at the same sampling points. Substantial soil redistribution had occurred during the past decades, mainly due to tillage. Average tillage erosion rates of 2.7 kg m−2 yr−1 occurred on the shoulderslopes, while deposition amounted to 1.2 kg m−2 yr−1 on foot‐ and toeslopes. The pattern of soil redistribution could not be explained by water erosion. Soil organic carbon and P contents in soil profiles increased from the shoulder‐ toward the toeslopes. Tillage translocation rates were strongly correlated with SOC contents, A‐horizon depth, and P contents. Thus, tillage erosion had led to truncated soils on shoulderslopes and deep, colluvial soils on the foot‐ and toeslopes, substantially affecting within‐field variability of soil properties. We concluded that tillage erosion has important implications for SOC dynamics on hummocky land and increases the risk for nutrient losses by overland flow and leaching. Despite the occurrence of deep soils across the study area, evidence suggested that crop productivity was affected by tillage‐induced soil redistribution. However, tillage erosion effects on crop yield were confounded by topography–yield relationships.
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Badreldin, Nasem, and David A. Lobb. "The Costs of Soil Erosion to Crop Production in Canada between 1971 and 2015." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (March 2, 2023): 4489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054489.
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Canada is known for its massive and fertile landscape, and one of the biggest industries in Canada is crop production, which is responsible for contributing to the national economy as well as the global food supply. Soil erosion is considered the top challenge facing Canadian farmers in the 21st century. This study aims to evaluate soil erosion’s impact on Canadian crop production, assessed based on the integration of soil erosion analysis and multitemporal crop market values from 1971 to 2015. Soil Erosion Risk Indicator models were used to assess soil erosion’s impact on crop productivity using the relationship of soil organic carbon with crop yield gain/loss. The total soil erosion cost of yield losses in the 44 years leading up to 2015 is estimated to be CAD 33.51 billion. 2013 was found to show the highest loss, with CAD 1.93 billion. Oilseeds, small grains, and potatoes were the major crop commodities that were impacted by yield loss as a direct result of soil erosion, the costs being 41%, 37%, and 15%, respectively. Ontario and Saskatchewan were the most impacted provinces, with costs of 45.25% and 22.50%, respectively. Four eras were detected in this research, each having unique soil erosion costs, which reflect different agriculture policy and soil conservation efforts: Era 1 (1971–1988), Era 2 (1989–1995), Era 3 (1996–2007), and Era 4 (2008–2015). This research is the beginning of exploring the cost of the environmental impacts on agriculture sustainability in Canada and supporting decision makers in adopting effective soil conservation strategies to mitigate these impacts.