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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Soils Australia Nitrogen content"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

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1

Paul, K. I., P. J. Polglase, A. M. O'Connell, J. C. Carlyle, P. J. Smethurst, and P. K. Khanna. "Soil nitrogen availability predictor (SNAP): a simple model for predicting mineralisation of nitrogen in forest soils." Soil Research 40, no. 6 (2002): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01114.

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A new empirical model (SNAP) combines a simple laboratory measurement of the basal rate of N mineralisation with the modifying effects of daily temperature and water content to predict seasonal and annual rates of mineralisation of forest soils. Short-term (20-60-day) aerobic incubations of either undisturbed or bulked and mixed soil were found suitable for prediction of the basal rate of N mineralisation. Data from laboratory incubations of a range of soils were used to calibrate empirical relationships describing the effects of temperature (Tm) and water (Wm) on rates of N mineralisation. Su

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2

Ewing, MA, AD Bathgate, RJ French, and CK Revell. "The role of crop and pasture legumes in rotations on duplex soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920971.

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Duplex soils are prominent in southern Australia and are generally low in fertility. Their agricultural performance is, therefore, suboptimal in most circumstances without an exogenous source of nitrogen. This is often supplied by legumes which are grown in rotation with non-leguminous crops. Both crop and pasture legumes are now widely used in southern Australia and the contribution that they make to the non-legume phase of rotations is through nitrogen fixation and through other mechanisms such as cereal disease breaks. We use a mathematical programming model, MIDAS (Model of an Integrated F

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3

O'Sullivan, Cathryn A., Steven A. Wakelin, Ian R. P. Fillery, and Margaret M. Roper. "Factors affecting ammonia-oxidising microorganisms and potential nitrification rates in southern Australian agricultural soils." Soil Research 51, no. 3 (2013): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13039.

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Ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) have recently been described as having an important role in soil nitrification. However, published data on factors which influence their distribution and their impact on a soil’s potential nitrification rates (PNR) are sparse, particularly compared with the amount of information available regarding ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB). This study had two aims. First, to investigate which environmental factors affect the AOA : AOB ratio in soils from two agricultural regions, and second, to explore whether the abundance of either AOA or AOB correlated with PNR. Sampl

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4

Spain, AV. "Influence of environmental conditions and some soil chemical properties on the carbon and nitrogen contents of some tropical Australian rainforest soils." Soil Research 28, no. 6 (1990): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900825.

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Concentrations of carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, soil pH, the sum of the exchangeable basic cations, clay and dithionite-extractable iron were examined in the surface soils of 72 rainforest sites from north-eastern tropical Queensland. Soils derived from basalt had higher levels of most of the above properties than those formed on other parent materials. Differences between the carbon status of soils formed from basalt and those formed from other parent materials may be related to the higher free iron levels and phosphorus status of the former group. Excluding the soils of basalt or

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5

Baldock, J. A., B. Hawke, J. Sanderman, and L. M. Macdonald. "Predicting contents of carbon and its component fractions in Australian soils from diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectra." Soil Research 51, no. 8 (2013): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13077.

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Quantifying the content and composition of soil carbon in the laboratory is time-consuming, requires specialised equipment and is therefore expensive. Rapid, simple and low-cost accurate methods of analysis are required to support current interests in carbon accounting. This study was completed to develop national and state-based models capable of predicting soil carbon content and composition by coupling diffuse reflectance mid-infrared (MIR) spectra with partial least-squares regression (PLSR) analyses. Total, organic and inorganic carbon contents were determined and MIR spectra acquired for

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6

Wong, M. T. F., and K. Wittwer. "Positive charge discovered across Western Australian wheatbelt soils challenges key soil and nitrogen management assumptions." Soil Research 47, no. 1 (2009): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08098.

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Nitrogen management in Western Australia (WA) and in cropping areas elsewhere in Australia assumes that soil contains negligible or no positive charge and is therefore unable to retain nitrate against leaching. The amount of water needed to displace nitrate is thus assumed to be the drainable volume of water held by the soil (1 pore volume), and in sandy soils about 100 mm drainage is assumed to be required to displace nitrate by 1 m. The clay mineralogy of the highly weathered soils of the WA wheatbelt is dominated by kaolinite and iron and aluminium oxides. This mineralogy suggests likely oc

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7

Moata, Melinda R. S., Ashlea L. Doolette, Ronald J. Smernik, Ann M. McNeill, and Lynne M. Macdonald. "Organic phosphorus speciation in Australian Red Chromosols: stoichiometric control." Soil Research 54, no. 1 (2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15085.

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Organic phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the soil P cycle. It is present in various chemical forms, the relative amounts of which vary among soils, due to factors including climate, land use, and soil type. Few studies have investigated co-variation between P types or stoichiometric correlation with the key elemental components of organic matter– carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), both of which may influence P pool structure and dynamics in agricultural soils. In this study we determined the organic P speciation of twenty Australian Red Chromosols soils, a soil type widely used for cropping

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8

Latta, R. A., and A. Lyons. "The performance of lucerne - wheat rotations on Western Australian duplex soils." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04016.

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In field experiments on duplex soils in the south-eastern and central Western Australian wheatbelt, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) was compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in pasture–crop rotations. Comparative pasture plant densities and biomass, soil water content, available soil nitrogen, wheat grain yield, and protein content were measured during 2 and 3 years of pasture followed by 2 and 1 year of wheat, respectively. Lucerne densities declined by 60–90% over the 3-year pasture phase but produced up to 3 times more total annual biomass than weed-dominant annual past

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9

Lewis, DC, and LA Sparrow. "Implications of soil type, pasture composition and mineral content of pasture components for the incidence of grass tetany in the South East of South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 5 (1991): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910609.

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The occurrence of grass tetany related deaths in cattle grazing pasture in the South East of South Australia is related to soil type. The greatest losses occur on the solodised solonetz soils, with few, if any, on the rendzina or siliceous sand soils in the region. Pastures from 3 soil types were sampled on 2 occasions during the growing period, and soils were sampled once. Comparisons were made for the pasture components of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in soils, and K, Ca, Mg, nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) concentrations in plants. In the July sampling, the mean

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10

Bauhus, J., PK Khanna, and RJ Raison. "The effect of fire on carbon and nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in an Australian forest soil." Soil Research 31, no. 5 (1993): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930621.

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The causes of onset of nitrification in a soil collected under an ashbed which was produced when heaped slash was burned, and for its absence in an unburnt soil, were investigated for an acid forest soil from south-eastern Australia. The occurrence of nitrification in ashbed soils was assessed in laboratory incubations extendig to 151 days to determine if it could be attributed to (a) an increase in pH, (b) an additional supply of P, (c) the removal of chemical inhibitors, and (d) the lack of competition with heterotrophs killed during soil heating. The treatments were: percolated and unpercol

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11

Lewis, DC, TD Potter, SE Weckert, and IL Grant. "Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the seed yield and oil concentration of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the prediction of responses by soil tests and past paddock use." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 5 (1987): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870713.

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The response of oilseed rape to applied nitrogen and phosphorus was investigated in 2 areas of the South East of South Australia. The nitrogen rates applied varied from 0 to 50 kg/ha, while phosphorus rates applied in the Mundulla area ranged from 0 to 20 kg/ha and 0 to 34 kg/ha in the Millicent area. At 9 sites in the Mundulla area, where soils were primarily sandy loam over clay, oilseed rape yields were increased significantly by applied nitrogen at 7 sites and by applied phosphorus at 2 sites. On heavy black clay and peat soils in the Millicent area, oilseed rape yields were increased sign

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12

McDonald, GK. "The contribution of nitrogen fertiliser to the nitrogen nutrition of rainfed wheat crops in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 3 (1989): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890455.

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Very little nitrogen (N) fertiliser is applied to wheat crops in Australia. Currently, about 105 t of N fertiliser (less than 20% of Australia's total consumption) are used annually at an average rate of 2-3 kg Nha. This scant use of N fertiliser over much of the Australian wheat belt N is because the N derived from a legume-dominant pasture ley is thought to provide a wheat crop's N requirement. However, trends in the grain protein content of Australian wheat and some other indices of soil fertility suggest that legume-based pastures have not always been able to supply all the N required for

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13

W. Arnold, G., M. Abensperg-Traun, R. J. Hobbs, D. E. Steven, L. Atkins, J. J. Viveen, and D. M. Gutter. "Recovery of shrubland communities on abandoned farmland in southwestern Australia: soils, plants, birds and arthropods." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 3 (1999): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990163.

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Passive recovery of land formerly used for agricultural production may be an inexpensive and rapid method of ecosystem recovery, and may provide an alternative method to active revegetation. Passive recovery may also contribute to sustainable agriculture (soil salinity). For undisturbed and disturbed areas of the central wheatbelt of Western Australia, this paper reports the effects of farming history (clearing only, cultivation, duration of farming, and time since farming ceased) on the soil nutrient content, plant floristics (richness and composition) and structure, and the abundance, specie

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14

Pérez-Fernández, María A., and Byron B. Lamont. "Nodulation and performance of exotic and native legumes in Australian soils." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 5 (2003): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03053.

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Six Spanish legumes, Cytisus balansae, C. multiflorus, C. scoparius, C. striatus, Genista hystrix and Retama sphaerocarpa, were able to form effective nodules when grown in six south-western Australian soils. Soils and nodules were collected from beneath natural stands of six native Australian legumes, Jacksonia floribunda, Gompholobium tomentosum, Bossiaea aquifolium, Daviesia horrida, Gastrolobium spinosum and Templetonia retusa. Four combinations of soils and bacterial treatments were used as the soil treatments: sterile soil (S), sterile inoculated soils (SI), non-treated soil (N) and non-

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15

Ye, Xiao Fei, Jun Hong Bai, Qiong Qiong Lu, Qing Qing Zhao, and Jun Jing Wang. "Spatial Distribution of Phosphorus in Surface Soils of Wetlands with Different Plant Communities in the Yellow River Delta, China." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1383.

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Spatial distribution characteristics of available phosphorus (AP) and total phosphorus (TP) in wetland soils withPhragmites australis,Suaeda salsaandTamarix chinnensiswere investigated and their influencing factors was also indentified using principal correspondence analysis for ordination in the Yellow River Delta of China. Our results showed that TP and AP contents in both sites withPhragmites australisandSuaeda salsa, and the horizontal distributions of AP content in three sites exhibited similar distribution characteristics to that of AP:TP ratios. Additionally, soil properties such as soi

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16

Baldock, J. A., I. Wheeler, N. McKenzie, and A. McBrateny. "Soils and climate change: potential impacts on carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions, and future research for Australian agriculture." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 3 (2012): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp11170.

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Organic carbon and nitrogen found in soils are subject to a range of biological processes capable of generating or consuming greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O and CH4). In response to the strong impact that agricultural management can have on the amount of organic carbon and nitrogen stored in soil and their rates of biological cycling, soils have the potential to reduce or enhance concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Concern also exists over the potential positive feedback that a changing climate may have on rates of greenhouse gas emission from soil. Climate projections for most of

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17

Orton, T. G., D. E. Allen, and P. M. Bloesch. "Nitrogen mineralisation in sugarcane soils in Queensland, Australia: II. From laboratory to field-based prediction." Soil Research 57, no. 7 (2019): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr19032.

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Using Australian sugarcane regions as a case study, we present an approach for prediction of in-field nitrogen (N) mineralisation over a crop season. The approach builds on the statistical modelling applied in Allen et al. 2019, which demonstrated good predictive ability on data from a laboratory incubation study (an external R2 of 0.84 in a cross-validation exercise), and adjusts those mineralisation rates according to soil moisture and temperature factors. The required field soil temperature and moisture conditions were simulated using a mechanistic model for the response of soil conditions

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18

Chen, W., R. W. Bell, R. F. Brennan, J. W. Bowden, A. Dobermann, Z. Rengel, and W. Porter. "Key crop nutrient management issues in the Western Australia grains industry: a review." Soil Research 47, no. 1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08097.

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In the present paper, we review 4 topics that were identified through extensive consultation with stakeholders as issues of high impact and influence for the grains industry: improving soil testing and interpretation; role of fluid fertilisers in the Western Australian (WA) grains industry; using spatial and temporal information to improve crop nutrient management, particularly for nitrogen; and developing recommendations for managing emerging nutrient deficiencies. The key findings are summarised below. To further improve soil testing and interpretation, the review suggests that future resear

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19

Perrett, Christine, Olusegun O. Osunkoya, and Cameron Clark. "Cat's claw creeper vine, Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae), invasion impacts: comparative leaf nutrient content and effects on soil physicochemical properties." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 6 (2012): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt12055.

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Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Gentry (Bignoniaceae) is a major environmental weed in coastal Queensland, Australia. There is a lack of quantitative data on its leaf chemistry and its impact on soil properties. Soils from infested vs uninfested areas, and leaves of M. unguis-cati and three co-occurring vine species (one exotic, two native) were collected at six sites (riparian and non-riparian) in south-eastern Queensland. Effects of invasion status, species, site and habitat type were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Habitat type had a greater effect on soil nutrients than on

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20

Duncan, Elliott G., Cathryn A. O’Sullivan, Margaret M. Roper, Mark B. Peoples, Karen Treble, and Kelley Whisson. "Crop and microbial responses to the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in Mediterranean wheat-cropping systems." Soil Research 55, no. 6 (2017): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16327.

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Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) such as 3,4,-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), are used to suppress the abundance of ammonia-oxidising micro-organisms responsible for nitrification. In agriculture, NIs are used to retain soil mineral nitrogen (N) as ammonium to minimise the risk of losses of N from agricultural soils. It is currently unclear whether DMPP-induced nitrification inhibition can prevent losses of N from the light soils prevalent across the main rain-fed cropping regions of Western Australia, or whether it can improve the productivity or N uptake by broadacre crops such as wheat. He

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21

Falkiner, RA, PK Khanna, and RJ Raison. "Effect of superphosphate addition on N mineralization in some Australian forest soils." Soil Research 31, no. 3 (1993): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930285.

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Pinus radiata stands are reported to accumulate increased N on addition of phosphatic fertilizers. Field and laboratory studies were initiated to determine if addition of superphoshate increases soil N mineralization in forest soils. In a field experiment, application of 200 kg P ha-1 as superphosphate to trenched plots in a Pinus radiata stand increased accumulated soil mineral-N contents by 122% and 82% above the control on two occasions. Application of 500 kg P ha-1 as superphosphate either alone or in combination with lime (10 Mg ha-1) increased in situ soil net N mineralization in a dry s

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22

Smiles, D. E., and C. J. Smith. "A survey of the cation content of piggery effluents and some consequences of their use to irrigate soils." Soil Research 42, no. 2 (2004): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03059.

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Piggery effluent contains high concentrations of potassium, and its repeated irrigation raises soil exchangeable potassium to levels, relative to divalent cations, that may degrade soil structure. We surveyed 6 big piggeries extending from south-eastern Queensland on a self-mulching Vertosol, to an Arenic Rudosol in south-eastern South Australia. We sampled effluent used for irrigation and also soil profiles to permit 'fenceline' comparisons between soils that had and had not been irrigated. The major water-soluble cations sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) were

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23

Angus, J. F., A. F. van Herwaarden, D. P. Heenan, R. A. Fischer, and G. N. Howe. "The source of mineral nitrogen for cereals in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97125.

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The relative importance of soil mineral nitrogen (N) available at the time of sowing ormineralised during the growing season was investigated for 6 crops of dryland wheat. The soil mineral N in the root-zone was sampled at sowing and maturity and the rate of net mineralisation in the top 10 cm was estimated by sequential sampling throughout the growing season, using an in situ method. Mineralisation during crop growth was modelled in relation to total soil N, ambient temperature, andsoil water content. Mineral N accumulated before sowing varied by a factor of 3 between the sites (from 67 to 19

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24

Carlyle, J. Clive, Mark W. Bligh, and EK Sadanandan Nambiar. "Woody residue management to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from sandy soil after clear-felling Pinus radiata plantations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-111.

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We studied the potential of woody residue management to reduce N and P leaching from sandy soils after clear-felling Pinus radiata D. Don. stands in southeastern Australia. Treatment variables were (i)branch diameter, (ii)branch mass, (iii)branch placement (surface or buried), and (iv)branch comminution. Treatments were applied to zero-tension lysimeters containing homogenized soil, forest floor, and green needles. Leachates from these treatments were collected weekly for 2 years and analysed for mineral N (Nm), soluble organic N, and total soluble P. Addition of 60 Mg·ha-1 of branch residue t

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25

Groves, RH, PJ Hocking, and A. Mcmahon. "Distribution of Biomass, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Other Nutrients in Banksia marginata and B. ornata Shoots of Different Ages After Fire." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 6 (1986): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860709.

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The heathland form of Banksia marginata Cav. regenerates rarely from seed but commonly by resprout- ing from buds on lateral roots, whereas Banksia ornata F. Muell. regenerates only from seed, usually released after fire. The two species co-occur in heath vegetation on nutrient-poor soils in south-eastern South Australia and western Victoria. Shoots were sampled from stands of B. marginata aged from 1 to 25 years and of B. ornata aged from 1 to 50+ years after fire in the Little Desert National Park, western Victoria. B. marginata, the resprouter, distributed a greater proportion of the total

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26

Wilson, Brian R., Phoebe Barnes, Terry B. Koen, Subhadip Ghosh, and Dacre King. "Measurement and estimation of land-use effects on soil carbon and related properties for soil monitoring: a study on a basalt landscape of northern New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 48, no. 5 (2010): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09146.

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There is a growing need for information relating to soil condition, its current status, and the nature and direction of change in response to management pressures. Monitoring is therefore being promoted regionally, nationally, and internationally to assess and evaluate soil condition for the purposes of reporting and prioritisation of funding for natural resource management. Several technical and methodological obstacles remain that impede the broad-scale implementation of measurement and monitoring schemes, and we present a dataset designed to (i) assess the optimum size of sample site for so

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27

Chen, Wen, Graeme Blair, Jim Scott, and Rod Lefroy. "Nitrogen and sulfur dynamics of contrasting grazed pastures." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 8 (1999): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98104.

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The experimental area was located at the Big Ridge 2 site, CSIRO, Chiswick (30°31′S, 151°39′E), 20 km south of Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. The site was established in 1955. In March 1966, phalaris and white clover were sown and pastures were fertilised annually with superphosphate until 1993. There were 3 pasture treatments, each with 2 replicates: degraded pasture (low phalaris content), phalaris dominant, and phalaris–white clover. Each of 6 experimental plots was divided into 3 strata. Two representative areas 1 m by 0.5 m were selected in each stratum of each treatment. The selec

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28

Chapman, Tamra F. "Comparison of soils and plants on the active and relic parts of a recolonised burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) warren." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 4 (2015): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15016.

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The burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) is a rat-kangaroo that digs while foraging and is the only marsupial to construct warrens and live communally in them. It previously occurred over a large part of Australia, but was extinct on the mainland by the early 1960s, before its role in ecosystem function could be understood. Bettongs, sourced from island and captive populations, were reintroduced as part of a rangeland restoration program at Matuwa (Lorna Glen) in central Western Australia. This study compared soil properties and plant productivity on the active and relic parts of a single war

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Loss, SP, GSP Ritchie, and AD Robson. "Effect of lupins and pasture on soil acidification and fertility in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (1993): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930457.

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An 'across the fence' comparison of farmer paddocks with nearby virgin bush sites was made at 3 locations, to measure the effects of lupins and subterranean clover based pastures on the chemical properties of the soil. Estimated rates of acidification in the 0-60 cm depth were 0.29-0.55 kmol H+/ha.year for wheat-lupin paddocks and 0.16-0.2 1 kmol H+/ha .year for pasture paddocks. A significant proportion of this acidification occurred below 20 cm, particularly in the lupin paddocks (up to 70% of the total). Severe water repellency had developed at 1 location that had produced 30 lupin crops wi

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Frossard, Emmanuel, Nina Buchmann, Else K. Bünemann, Delwende I. Kiba, François Lompo, Astrid Oberson, Federica Tamburini, and Ouakoltio Y. A. Traoré. "Soil properties and not inputs control carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus ratios in cropped soils in the long term." SOIL 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-83-2016.

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Abstract. Stoichiometric approaches have been applied to understand the relationship between soil organic matter dynamics and biological nutrient transformations. However, very few studies have explicitly considered the effects of agricultural management practices on the soil C : N : P ratio. The aim of this study was to assess how different input types and rates would affect the C : N : P molar ratios of bulk soil, organic matter and microbial biomass in cropped soils in the long term. Thus, we analysed the C, N, and P inputs and budgets as well as soil properties in three long-term experimen

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Frossard, E., N. Buchmann, E. K. Bünemann, D. I. Kiba, F. Lompo, A. Oberson, F. Tamburini, and O. Y. A. Traoré. "Soil properties and not inputs control carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus ratios in cropped soils in the long-term." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2 (September 21, 2015): 995–1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-995-2015.

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Abstract. Stoichiometric approaches have been applied to understand the relationship between soil organic matter dynamics and biological nutrient transformations. However, very few studies explicitly considered the effects of agricultural management practices on soil C : N : P ratio. The aim of this study was to assess how different input types and rates would affect the C : N : P molar ratios of bulk soil, organic matter and microbial biomass in cropped soils in the long-term. Thus, we analysed the C, N and P inputs and budgets as well as soil properties in three long-term experiments establi

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Cooke, JW, GW Ford, RG Dumsday, and ST Willatt. "Effect of fallowing practices on the growth and yield of wheat in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850614.

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The effects on crop establishment, crop development and the yield of wheat of two methods of fallow preparation, at each of three lengths of fallow were investigated over 5 years on red duplex and associated soils in north-central Victoria. The two methods of preparation were: scarifying, which involved the repeated use of a tined tillage implement; and herbicide application, which involved the repeated use of non-residual herbicides to control weeds during the fallow phase. The three lengths of fallow were winter, spring and autumn, which were approximately 10, 8 and 2 months respectively. Gr

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Unkovich, Murray. "Nitrogen fixation in Australian dairy systems: review and prospect." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 9 (2012): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12180.

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Quantitative measurement of N2 fixation has rarely been conducted in Australian dairy pastures. The available data indicate that annual N2 fixation rates in Australian dairy pastures are generally low, due to low pasture legume content. With typical legume contents of grazed pastures less than 30% of total pasture biomass production, annual N2 fixation in herbage is usually much less than 50 kg ha–1 year–1. Other factors which are likely to be able to contribute to increased N2 fixation input (rhizobia, mineral N management, soil acidity, soil water contents) will have little impact until such

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Anderson, WK, GB Crosbie, and K. Lemsom. "Production practices for high protein, hard wheat in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950589.

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Field experiments were conducted at 18 sites over 4 years in the eastern and north-eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia where average annual rainfall is <400mm, to investigate suitable techniques for the production of high protein (>13%) wheat in an area that traditionally produces grain of a much lower average protein percentage. Wilgoyne yielded as well as, or better than, any of the cultivars accepted into the Special Hard (SH) grade in Western Australia but 5-10% less than cultivars suitable for the Australian Standard White (ASW) grade. Differences between cultivars were greatest

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Waymouth, Vicky, Rebecca E. Miller, Sabine Kasel, Fiona Ede, Andrew Bissett, and Cristina Aponte. "Soil Bacterial Community Responds to Land-Use Change in Riparian Ecosystems." Forests 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020157.

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Riparian forests were frequently cleared and converted to agricultural pastures, but in recent times these pastures are often revegetated in an effort to return riparian forest structure and function. We tested if there is a change in the soil bacterial taxonomy and function in areas of riparian forest cleared for agricultural pasture then revegetated, and if soil bacterial taxonomy and function is related to vegetation and soil physicochemical properties. The study was conducted in six riparian areas in south-eastern Australia, each comprising of three land-use types: remnant riparian forest,

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Bolland, M. D. A., J. S. Yeates, and M. F. Clarke. "Single and coastal superphosphates are equally effective as sulfur fertilisers for subterranean clover on very sandy soils in high rainfall areas of south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 9 (2003): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02168.

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To reduce leaching of phosphorus (P) from fertilised pastures to shallow estuaries in the high rainfall (>800 mm annual average) areas of south-western Australia, and to supply extra sulfur (S) for subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in pasture, 'coastal superphosphate' was developed as a possible alternative P and S fertiliser to single superphosphate. Coastal superphosphate is made by adding phosphate rock and elemental S to single superphosphate as it comes out of the den before granulation. It has about 3 times more sulfur (S) and one-third the water-soluble P content than s

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37

Smethurst, P. J., and E. K. S. Nambiar. "Effects of slash and litter management on fluxes of nitrogen and tree growth in a young Pinusradiata plantation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-198.

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The effects of slash and litter management practices on soil water and temperature, fluxes of mineral N, needle water potential, and tree nutrition and growth were studied in a young Pinusradiata D. Don plantation growing on a sandy Podzol in southeastern Australia. Treatments were slash and litter retained (SL), litter only retained (L), litter ploughed (LP), and slash and litter removed (SLR). Soils without slash or litter cover (LP and SLR) were up to 4 °C warmer on average than soils overlaid by slash or litter and were subjected to greater extremes of temperature. Treatments had relativel

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Nolan, Rachael H., Tonantzin Tarin, Kendal A. Fairweather, James Cleverly, and Derek Eamus. "Variation in photosynthetic traits related to access to water in semiarid Australian woody species." Functional Plant Biology 44, no. 11 (2017): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp17096.

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Low soil water content can limit photosynthesis by reducing stomatal conductance. Here, we explore relationships among traits pertaining to carbon uptake and pre-dawn leaf water potential (as an index of soil water availability) across eight species found in semiarid central Australia. We found that as pre-dawn leaf water potential declined, stomatal limitations to photosynthesis increased, as did foliar nitrogen, which enhanced photosynthesis. Nitrogen-fixing Acacia species had higher foliar nitrogen concentrations compared with non-nitrogen fixing species, although there was considerable var

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39

Asseng, S., G. C. Anderson, F. X. Dunin, I. R. P. Fillery, P. J. Dolling, and B. A. Keating. "Use of the APSIM wheat model to predict yield, drainage, and NO3- leaching for a deep sand." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97095.

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High rates of drainage and leaching of nitrates in deep sands in Western Australia are contributing to groundwater recharge and soil acidification in this region. Strategies are being soughtto increase water and nitrogen (N) use in the legume-based cropping systems. Choice of appropriate management strategies is complicated by the diversity of soil types, the range of crops, and the inherent season to season variability. Simulation models provide the means to extrapolate beyond the bounds of experimental data if accurate predictions of key processes can be demonstrated. This paper evaluates th

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40

Sadras, Víctor, David Roget, and Garry O'Leary. "On-farm assessment of environmental and management constraints to wheat yield and efficiency in the use of rainfall in the Mallee." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 5 (2002): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01150.

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The responses of wheat grain yield to soil properties, weather, root diseases, and management practices were investigated in 75 grower-managed crops in the Mallee region of South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales during 3 growing seasons. Fourteen cultivars were represented in the sampled crops, with Frame being the most common (56%). The most widespread crop sequence was wheat after pasture (43% of wheat crops), followed by wheat after fallow or cereal (both about 20%); 12% of the wheat was sown after legumes. Wheat after cereal was more common in drier sites, and wheat after fallow in

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Reuter, Hendrik, Julia Gensel, Marcus Elvert, and Dominik Zak. "Evidence for preferential protein depolymerization in wetland soils in response to external nitrogen availability provided by a novel FTIR routine." Biogeosciences 17, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-499-2020.

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Abstract. Phragmites australis litters were incubated in three waterlogged anoxic wetland soils of different nutrient status for 75 d, and litter nitrogen (N) dynamics were analyzed by elemental analyses and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At the end of the incubation time, the N content in the remaining litter tissue had increased in most samples. Yet, the increase in N content was less pronounced when litters had been decomposed in a more-N-poor environment. FTIR was used to quantify the relative content of proteins in litter tissue and revealed a highly linear relationship b

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42

Edis, R. B., D. Chen, G. Wang, D. A. Turner, K. Park, M. Meyer, and C. Kirkby. "Soil nitrogen dynamics in irrigated maize systems as impacted on by nitrogen and stubble management." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 3 (2008): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06098.

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The soil nitrogen (N) dynamics of an irrigated maize system in which stubble retention and stubble burned treatments were superimposed over treatments of varying N fertiliser rate were studied. The field site was near Whitton, New South Wales, Australia, and the work described here is part a life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from maize project. The objective of this part of the work was to quantify the fate of fertiliser N applied at the site. Field measurements of denitrification, mineral N content and recovery of 15N-labelled urea from microplots with and without ammonium thios

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43

Schefe, Cassandra R., Kirsten M. Barlow, Nathan J. Robinson, Douglas M. Crawford, Timothy I. McLaren, Ronald J. Smernik, George Croatto, Ronald D. Walsh, and Matt Kitching. "100 Years of superphosphate addition to pasture in an acid soil—current nutrient status and future management." Soil Research 53, no. 6 (2015): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14241.

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Pasture-based animal production systems, which occupy a significant proportion of the landscape in Victoria, Australia, have historically been nutrient-limited, with phosphorus (P) often the most limiting nutrient. The Permanent Top-Dressed (PTD) pasture experiment was established in 1914 at the Rutherglen Research Station, Victoria, to investigate the management of this deficiency. The main objective of the PTD experiment was to demonstrate the value of adding P fertiliser at two rates to increase pasture productivity for lamb and wool production. We report on the status of the PTD soils afte

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44

Petch, A., and RW Smith. "Effect of lupin management on the yield of subsequent wheat crops in a lupin-wheat rotation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850603.

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Wheat was grown in a series of 1:1 rotation cycles with sweet lupins over 8 years on three sites in Western Australia. Grain yield of wheat was the main test used to compare five lupin management treatments with a control treatment, 'no-lupins'. The lupins were cut as for silage, cut as for hay, or harvested as mature grain, the stubble being burnt or removed in summer, or turned into the soil the next autumn. Nitrogen taken up in the lupins and in the wheat was measured, as well as soil mineral nitrogen in the top 10 cm in the final year. Lupin yield and nitrogen content within any year were

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45

Smethurst, P. J., and E. K. S. Nambiar. "Distribution of carbon and nutrients and fluxes of mineral nitrogen after clear-felling a Pinusradiata plantation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-197.

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The effects of clear-felling and slash removal on the distribution of organic matter and nutrients, fluxes of mineral N, and soil water and temperature were studied in a 37-year-old Pinusradiata D. Don plantation, on a sandy Podzol in southeastern Australia. Slash, litter, and the top 30 cm of soil combined contained 1957 kg N•ha−1, of which slash and litter contained 12 and 25%, respectively. Therefore, loss of slash and litter due to burning or other intensive site preparation practices would substantially reduce the N capital at the site. During the first 18 months after clear-felling, soil

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46

Cammarano, Davide, Glenn Fitzgerald, Bruno Basso, Deli Chen, Peter Grace, and Garry O'Leary. "Remote estimation of chlorophyll on two wheat cultivars in two rainfed environments." Crop and Pasture Science 62, no. 4 (2011): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10100.

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For this study we hypothesise that the use of canopy chlorophyll content index (CCCI) and crop greenness will be useful in assessing crop nutritional status and provide a robust management tool by growth stage DC30 for fertiliser application across multiple sites without being confounded by soil and biomass differences. The objectives of this study were: (i) to study the robustness of the CCCI and greenness as a measure of crop N content at two different locations, and (ii) to validate the model developed for crop nitrogen (N) determination. Data were collected from two rain-fed field sites cr

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47

Dear, B. S., J. M. Virgona, G. A. Sandral, A. D. Swan, and S. Morris. "Changes in soil mineral nitrogen, nitrogen leached, and surface pH under annual and perennial pasture species." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 10 (2009): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09026.

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Soil mineral nitrogen (N) profiles during the growing season and changes in total soil N and available N after 3–4 years were examined under 9 different pasture swards containing annual legumes, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), or one of 4 perennial grasses at 2 sites representative of the low and medium rainfall belt of south-eastern Australia. The effect of the presence of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) or lucerne on the spatial variation in surface pH was also measured. The 9 pastures were subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), subterranean clover with annual weeds, yellow serradell

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48

Miao, Z. H., J. A. Fortune, and J. Gallagher. "The potential of two rough-seeded lupin species (Lupinus pilosus and L. atlanticus) as supplementary feed for sheep." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 6 (2001): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99142.

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The rough-seeded lupins are better adapted to alkaline soils than the domesticated lupins currently in use in commercial agriculture in southern Australia. Lupinus pilosus and L. atlanticus are two species of rough-seeded lupins that are undergoing domestication, and could be very valuable for sheep as a supplementary feed. However, there is little information on the nutritive value of these lupins. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, compared with L. angustifolius, which is widely used as an animal feed in Australia. The results show

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Bell, Michael J., Wayne Strong, Denis Elliott, and Charlie Walker. "Soil nitrogen—crop response calibration relationships and criteria for winter cereal crops grown in Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 5 (2013): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12431.

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More than 1200 wheat and 120 barley experiments conducted in Australia to examine yield responses to applied nitrogen (N) fertiliser are contained in a national database of field crops nutrient research (BFDC National Database). The yield responses are accompanied by various pre-plant soil test data to quantify plant-available N and other indicators of soil fertility status or mineralisable N. A web application (BFDC Interrogator), developed to access the database, enables construction of calibrations between relative crop yield ((Y0/Ymax) × 100) and N soil test value. In this paper we report

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50

Bolland, M. D. A., and I. F. Guthridge. "Responses of intensively grazed dairy pastures to applications of fertiliser nitrogen in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06014.

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For the first time, we quantified pasture dry matter (DM) responses to applied fertiliser nitrogen (N) for intensively grazed, rain-fed, dairy pastures on sandy soils common in the Mediterranean-type climate of south-western Australia. The pastures are composed of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and annual and Italian ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud. and L. multiflorum Lam.). Six rates of N, as urea (46% N), were applied to 15 m by 15 m plots four times during 2002 and after each of the first 5–7 grazings in 2003 and 2004, throughout the typical April–October growing season. Tota

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