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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Soils South Australia Phosphorus content"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

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1

Bertrand, I., R. E. Holloway, R. D. Armstrong, and M. J. McLaughlin. "Chemical characteristics of phosphorus in alkaline soils from southern Australia." Soil Research 41, no. 1 (2003): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02021.

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This study was performed to better understand the chemical behaviour of P in a variety of alkaline soils from southern Australia. To do so, surface soil samples of 47 alkaline cropping soils from Upper Eyre Peninsula in South Australia and from western Victoria were collected. The 22 soils collected from Eyre Peninsula were Calcarosols, and those from western Victoria were Vertosols, Alkaline Duplex soils, Sodosols, and Red Brown Calcareous soils. Parameters included total and amorphous Al and Fe, organic C, organic P, CaCO3 content, P sorption characteristics, phosphorus buffer capacity, calc

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2

McBeath, T. M., R. D. Armstrong, E. Lombi, M. J. McLaughlin, and R. E. Holloway. "Responsiveness of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to liquid and granular phosphorus fertilisers in southern Australian soils." Soil Research 43, no. 2 (2005): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04066.

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Recent field trials on alkaline soils in southern Australia showed significant grain yield responses to liquid compared with traditional granular forms of P fertiliser. However the advantages of liquid over granular P forms of fertiliser has not been consistent on all soil types. In order to better predict the soil types on which liquid P fertilisers are likely to have potential, a glasshouse trial was conducted to compare the responsiveness of wheat to both liquid and granular forms of P on a wide range of Australian soils. A granular P fertiliser (triple superphosphate) and 2 liquid fertilis

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3

Singh, B., and RJ Gilkes. "Phosphorus sorption in relation to soil properties for the major soil types of South-Western Australia." Soil Research 29, no. 5 (1991): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9910603.

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The P sorption characteristics of 97 soils that are representative of the agricultural areas of Western Australia were described using Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The Langmuir P maximum (xm) ranged from 11 to 2132 �g g-1 soil and the Freundlich k coefficient ranged from 1 to 1681. Clay content, DCB Fe and Al, oxalate Fe and AL, and pyrophosphate Al were positively related to xm and k. By using stepwise regression analysis, the combination of DCB and oxalate-soluble A1 predicted more than 75% Of the variation in the P sorption coefficients. Reactive Al compounds may thus be responsible f

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4

Reuter, DJ, CB Dyson, DE Elliott, DC Lewis, and CL Rudd. "An appraisal of soil phosphorus testing data for crops and pastures in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 7 (1995): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950979.

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Data from more than 580 field experiments conducted in South Australia over the past 30 years have been re-examined to estimate extractable soil phosphorus (P) levels related to 90% maximum yield (C90) for 7 crop species (wheat, barley, oilseed rape, sunflower, field peas, faba beans, potato) and 3 types of legume-based pasture (subterranean clover, strawberry clover, annual medics). Data from both single-year and longer term experiments were evaluated. The C90 value for each species was derived from the relationship between proportional yield responsiveness to applied P fertiliser rates (dete

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5

Hart, M. R., and P. S. Cornish. "Comparison of bicarbonate-extractable soil phosphorus measured by ICP-AES and colourimetry in soils of south-eastern New South Wales." Soil Research 47, no. 7 (2009): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09034.

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Soil testing for plant-available phosphorus (P) in Australia is most commonly conducted using alkaline sodium bicarbonate extraction (Olsen or Colwell tests), followed by a colourimetric assay to measure the concentration of P in solution. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy has become increasingly popular internationally for other soil P tests, especially Mehlich 3, due to its efficiency and ability to measure multiple elements in the one extract. The use of ICP in place of colourimetry has been used in some Australian laboratories for bicarbonate-extractable P. However,

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6

McBeath, T. M., M. J. McLaughlin, R. D. Armstrong, M. Bell, M. D. A. Bolland, M. K. Conyers, R. E. Holloway, and S. D. Mason. "Predicting the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to liquid and granular phosphorus fertilisers in Australian soils." Soil Research 45, no. 6 (2007): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07044.

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Liquid forms of phosphorus (P) have been shown to be more effective than granular P for promoting cereal growth in alkaline soils with high levels of free calcium carbonate on Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. However, the advantage of liquid over granular P forms of fertiliser has not been fully investigated across the wide range of soils used for grain production in Australia. A glasshouse pot experiment tested if liquid P fertilisers were more effective for growing spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) than granular P (monoammonium phosphate) in 28 soils from all over Australia with soil pH (H

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7

Lewis, DC, TD Potter, SE Weckert, and IL Grant. "Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the seed yield and oil concentration of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the prediction of responses by soil tests and past paddock use." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 5 (1987): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870713.

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The response of oilseed rape to applied nitrogen and phosphorus was investigated in 2 areas of the South East of South Australia. The nitrogen rates applied varied from 0 to 50 kg/ha, while phosphorus rates applied in the Mundulla area ranged from 0 to 20 kg/ha and 0 to 34 kg/ha in the Millicent area. At 9 sites in the Mundulla area, where soils were primarily sandy loam over clay, oilseed rape yields were increased significantly by applied nitrogen at 7 sites and by applied phosphorus at 2 sites. On heavy black clay and peat soils in the Millicent area, oilseed rape yields were increased sign

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8

Bolland, MDA, AJ Weatherley, and RJ Gilkes. "Residual effectiveness of superphosphate is greater than that of rock phosphate fertilisers for lateritic soils in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 1 (1988): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880083.

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The residual values of granular reactive rock phosphate (highly carbonate-substituted apatite from North Carolina, USA.), partially powdered low-reactive Queensland rock phosphate (low carbonate-substituted apatite from the Duchess deposit), and granular triple superphosphate were measured in 3 experiments on different lateritic soils in different climatic regions of south-western Australia (Gibson, South Bodallin, West Dale). Finely powdered calcined crandallite-millisite rock phosphate from Christmas Island (Calciphos) was included in one of the experiments. The fertilisers were applied once

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9

Evans, C. M., and B. J. Scott. "Surface soil acidity and fertility in the central-western wheatbelt of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (2007): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04165.

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Documentation of the chemical fertility status of the soils is sparse for the western and central-western wheatbelt of New South Wales, Australia. We examined properties of the surface soils (0–10 cm) from central-western NSW by collating two published and nine unpublished datasets of soil analyses representing about 2800 soil samples. The emphasis was on the red soils used extensively for cropping. The surface soils of central-western NSW have low phosphorus (47% of soils) and sulfur (70% of soils <5 mg S/kg using KCl-40 analysis) status and commonly have organic carbon contents of about 1

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10

Bolland, MDA, and MJ Baker. "Increases in soil water content decrease the residual value of superphosphate." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 4 (1987): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870571.

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In pot experiments, levels of superphosphate incorporated through the whole soil were incubated for 30 days in 2 lateritic soils from south-western Australia at 1 of the following 5 soil water contents: air-dry for 30 days, at field capacity for 10 or 30 days, and flooded for 10 or 30 days. The soils were then air-dried for 30 days and the residual value of the superphosphate relative to freshly applied superphosphate was measured using 30-day-old triticale (x Triticosecale cv. Tyalla) and wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Gamenya) plants. Soil samples were collected just before sowing from each po

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11

Dougherty, W. J., D. M. Nash, D. J. Chittleborough, J. W. Cox, and N. K. Fleming. "Stratification, forms, and mobility of phosphorus in the topsoil of a Chromosol used for dairying." Soil Research 44, no. 3 (2006): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05076.

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The forms and stratification of soil phosphorus (P) and their relationship to mobile forms of P were investigated in soils collected from a subcatchment used for grazing of dairy cattle in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia. Phosphorus in the soils was highly stratified. The concentration of calcium chloride extractable P in the 0–0.01 m increment was, on average, 5.7 times greater than in the 0.05–0.10 m increment. Organic P (% of total P) in the top 0.01 m was significantly (P < 0.001) related to soil P content such that low P soils (total P of ~600 mg/kg) had high proportions of Po (~65

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12

Coad, J. R., L. L. Burkitt, and C. J. P. Gourley. "Influence of sample depth on extractable nutrient concentrations, pH and the phosphorus buffering index of pasture soils in south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 48, no. 4 (2010): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09104.

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Pasture soils of mainland Australia are routinely sampled to a depth of 100 mm, whereas pasture soils of Tasmania and New Zealand are sampled to a depth of 75 mm. Despite this difference, there are no published studies to allow accurate conversion between the 2 sampling depths. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of soil sample depth (75 and 100 mm) on soil nutrient analyses: Olsen phosphorus (P), Colwell P, Colwell potassium (K), KCl40 sulfur (S), pH (H2O and CaCl2), and P buffering index (PBI+ColP). Our findings suggest that on most soil types, Olsen P, Colwell P, and Colwell K s

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13

Groves, RH, PJ Hocking, and A. Mcmahon. "Distribution of Biomass, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Other Nutrients in Banksia marginata and B. ornata Shoots of Different Ages After Fire." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 6 (1986): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860709.

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The heathland form of Banksia marginata Cav. regenerates rarely from seed but commonly by resprout- ing from buds on lateral roots, whereas Banksia ornata F. Muell. regenerates only from seed, usually released after fire. The two species co-occur in heath vegetation on nutrient-poor soils in south-eastern South Australia and western Victoria. Shoots were sampled from stands of B. marginata aged from 1 to 25 years and of B. ornata aged from 1 to 50+ years after fire in the Little Desert National Park, western Victoria. B. marginata, the resprouter, distributed a greater proportion of the total

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14

Summers, Robert, Martin Clarke, Tim Pope, and Tim O'Dea. "Comparison of single superphosphate and superphosphate coated with bauxite residue for subterranean clover production on phosphorus-leaching soils." Soil Research 38, no. 3 (2000): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99070.

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Bauxite residue from alumina refining was used to coat granules of single superphosphate to reduce the leaching of phosphorus in coarse, sandy soils for pastures in high rainfall areas of south-western Australia (>800 mm annual average). The impact of coating the superphosphate on the leaching of phosphorus was measured in a glasshouse experiment and the effectiveness of the fertiliser using dry herbage yield of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) was measured in a field experiment. The glasshouse experiment measured the effect of coating the superphosphate with bauxite residue at

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15

Graham, S., B. R. Wilson, N. Reid, and H. Jones. "Scattered paddock trees, litter chemistry, and surface soil properties in pastures of the New England Tablelands, New South Wales." Soil Research 42, no. 8 (2004): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03065.

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Scattered paddock trees are widespread throughout rural Australia but their effect on soil conditions has received only limited research attention. This study investigated the influence of 3 Eucalyptus species on surface soil properties on different parent materials at both stocked and unstocked sites on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Mineral soil samples to a depth of 5 cm were collected at intervals up to twice the canopy radius away from tree trunks and litter samples were collected at corresponding points. Mineral soils were analysed for pH (CaCl2), organic carbon (C), and ext

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16

Speirs, Simon D., Brendan J. Scott, Philip W. Moody, and Sean D. Mason. "Soil phosphorus tests II: A comparison of soil test–crop response relationships for different soil tests and wheat." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 5 (2013): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13111.

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The performance of a wide range of soil phosphorus (P) testing methods that included established (Colwell-P, Olsen-P, BSES-P, and CaCl2-P) and more recently introduced methods (DGT-P and Mehlich 3-P) was evaluated on 164 archived soil samples corresponding to P fertiliser response experiments with wheat (Triticum aestivum) conducted in south-eastern Australia between 1968 and 2008. Soil test calibration relationships were developed for relative grain yield v. soil test using (i) all soils, (ii) Calcarosols, and (iii) all ‘soils other than Calcarosols’. Colwell-P and DGT-P calibration relations

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17

Perrett, Christine, Olusegun O. Osunkoya, and Cameron Clark. "Cat's claw creeper vine, Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae), invasion impacts: comparative leaf nutrient content and effects on soil physicochemical properties." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 6 (2012): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt12055.

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Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Gentry (Bignoniaceae) is a major environmental weed in coastal Queensland, Australia. There is a lack of quantitative data on its leaf chemistry and its impact on soil properties. Soils from infested vs uninfested areas, and leaves of M. unguis-cati and three co-occurring vine species (one exotic, two native) were collected at six sites (riparian and non-riparian) in south-eastern Queensland. Effects of invasion status, species, site and habitat type were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Habitat type had a greater effect on soil nutrients than on

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18

Bolland, MDA. "Residual value for wheat of phosphorus from calciphos, Duchess rock phosphate and triple superphosphate on a lateritic soil in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1985): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850198.

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The residual values of phosphorus from triple superphosphate and from three rock phosphates were compared in a 4-year field experiment with wheat, grown on a phosphorus deficient lateritic soil in south-western Australia. The three rock phosphate fertilizers were an apatitic rock phosphate originating from the Duchess deposit in north-western Queensland, and calcined (500�C) Christmas Island C-grade ore as a powder and as pellets. Five rates of each fertilizer were applied at the commencement of the experiment and their effectiveness was calculated from data on yield of dried plant tops, grain

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19

Scott, B. J., D. J. Carpenter, B. D. Braysher, B. R. Cullis, and C. M. Evans. "Phosphorus fertiliser placement for lupins in southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 1 (2003): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01201.

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Research in Western Australia and South Australia indicated that fertiliser phosphorus (P) banded below the seed of narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) at sowing was a more effective method of applying P�fertiliser than the usual placement of P with the seed. This technology has not been investigated in southern New South Wales where lupins have been known to be unresponsive to fertiliser P.We conducted 4 field experiments to examine the effect on lupin yield of applying 6 rates of P (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 kg/ha) either by placement with or below the seed. To further test responsive

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20

Bolland, M. D. A., J. S. Yeates, and M. F. Clarke. "Single and coastal superphosphates are equally effective as sulfur fertilisers for subterranean clover on very sandy soils in high rainfall areas of south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 9 (2003): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02168.

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To reduce leaching of phosphorus (P) from fertilised pastures to shallow estuaries in the high rainfall (>800 mm annual average) areas of south-western Australia, and to supply extra sulfur (S) for subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in pasture, 'coastal superphosphate' was developed as a possible alternative P and S fertiliser to single superphosphate. Coastal superphosphate is made by adding phosphate rock and elemental S to single superphosphate as it comes out of the den before granulation. It has about 3 times more sulfur (S) and one-third the water-soluble P content than s

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21

Bolland, M. D. A., and W. K. Russell. "Changes in chemical properties of 48 intensively grazed, rain-fed dairy paddocks on sandy soils over 11 years of liming in south-western Australia." Soil Research 48, no. 8 (2010): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09199.

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Soil testing was conducted during 1999–2009 to determine lime and fertiliser phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) requirements of intensively grazed, rain-fed, ryegrass dairy pastures in 48 paddocks on sand to sandy loam soils in the Mediterranean-type climate of south-western Australia. The study demonstrated that tissue testing was required in conjunction with soil testing to confirm decisions based on soil testing, and to assess management decisions for elements not covered by soil testing. Soil testing for pH was reliable for indicating paddocks requiring lime to ameliorate soil a

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22

Holford, I. C. R. "Soil phosphorus: its measurement, and its uptake by plants." Soil Research 35, no. 2 (1997): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96047.

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Phosphorus (P) is the most important nutrient element (after nitrogen) limiting agricultural production in most regions of the world. It is extremely chemically reactive, and more than 170 phosphate minerals have been identified. In all its natural forms, including organic forms, P is very stable or insoluble, and only a very small proportion exists in the soil solution at any one time. Plant-available P may be considered in either its quantitative or intensive dimension. The quantity of available P is time-specific and crop-specific, because it is the amount of P that will come into the soil

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23

Qiu, S., A. J. McComb, R. W. Bell, and J. A. Davis. "Nutrient response to soil and litter metabolic activity in a transect across a seasonal wetland." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 3 (2003): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02156.

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Many wetlands in the interdunal depression of coastal sand dunes of the Swan Coastal Plain are surrounded by partially vegetated catchments. Although litter can be an important source of nutrients, little is known about litter related microbial activity in these catchments, especially its role in regulating nutrient concentrations in soils during the wet season. Heterotrophic microbial activity and phosphorus (P) dynamics were monitored before and after the onset of the wet season along transects from a vegetated catchment to the lakebed in Thomsons Lake, south-western Australia. Microbial act

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24

Bolland, M. D. A., and R. F. Brennan. "Comparing the phosphorus requirements of wheat, lupin, and canola." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 11 (2008): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07430.

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Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and canola (Brassica napus L.) are the major crop species grown in rotation on the predominantly sandy soils of south-western Australia. Comparisons among the species for yield responses to applied phosphorus (P), effects of applied P on growth rates of shoots, P response efficiency for shoot and grain production, and the pattern for accumulation of P into shoots during growth and into grain at maturity are rare, or are not known, and were quantified in the glasshouse study reported here. Size and P content (P concentration

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25

Harries, Martin, Ken C. Flower, and Craig A. Scanlan. "Sustainability of nutrient management in grain production systems of south-west Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 3 (2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20403.

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Balancing nutrient inputs and exports is essential to maintaining soil fertility in rainfed crop and pasture farming systems. Soil nutrient balances of land used for crop and pasture production in the south-west of Western Australia were assessed through survey data comprising biophysical measurements and farm management records (2010–15) across 184 fields spanning 14 Mha. Key findings were that nitrogen (N) inputs via fertiliser or biological N2 fixation in 60% of fields, and potassium (K) inputs in 90% of fields, were inadequate to balance exports despite increases in fertiliser usage and ad

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26

Shane, Michael W., and John S. Pate. "Survival strategies of the root tuberous geophyte Chamaescilla corymbosa in a Mediterranean-climate rock-outcrop environment." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 6 (2015): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14220.

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This field-based study aimed to identify adaptive traits that operate interactively and sequentially towards survival and growth of the perennial geophyte Chamaescilla corymbosa when inhabiting shallow soils on exposed granite outcrops in south-western Australia. During an annual cycle of growth and dormancy, we measured changes in biomass partitioning, mineral nutrient concentrations in root tubers, leaves, roots and seed. Anatomical and histochemical analyses of fleshy-root tubers included identification and quantification of key carbohydrate and free amino acid reserves. During the course o

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27

Hoppo, S. D., D. E. Elliott, and D. J. Reuter. "Plant tests for diagnosing phosphorus deficiency in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 7 (1999): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99029.

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Summary. Six field experiments were conducted in the Murraylands and Mid North regions of South Australia between 1986 and 1988 to develop plant tests for diagnosing the phosphorus status of barley. The effects of applied phosphorus level on total phosphorus concentrations in youngest emerged leaf blades or whole shoots, and on shoot yield, were examined and critical ranges were established during vegetative growth. Experiments were conducted on a range of soil phosphorus levels with several methods of phosphorus placement and 2 barley cultivars. During early tillering, shoot yield and phospho

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28

Brennan, R. F., and M. D. A. Bolland. "Soil properties as predictors of yield response of clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) to added P in soils of varying P sorption capacity." Soil Research 41, no. 4 (2003): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02108.

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Thirty-five unfertilised soils collected in south-western Australia were used to measure the effect of soil properties on (i) shoot yield responses of 50-day-old clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Nungarin) plants to applied phosphorus (P), and (ii) extractability of bicarbonate soil test P (slope of the linear relationship between Colwell P and the amount of P applied). Data for the relationship between shoot yield and the amount of P applied were fitted to a rescaled Mitscherlich equation to calculate the amount of P required to produce 50% and 90% of the maximum yield (P50% and P90%) and

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29

Hackney, B. F., J. Jenkins, J. Powells, C. E. Edwards, S. De Meyer, J. G. Howieson, R. J. Yates, and S. E. Orgill. "Soil acidity and nutrient deficiency cause poor legume nodulation in the permanent pasture and mixed farming zones of south-eastern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19039.

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Pasture legumes must be adequately and effectively nodulated in order to reach nitrogen-fixation targets. Of 225 pasture paddocks sampled across the Central Tablelands, Central West, Monaro and Riverina regions of New South Wales, 93% had inadequate legume nodulation. Legume content was significantly higher in the mixed faming zone (&gt;50%, Central West and Riverina) than the permanent pasture zone (26%, Central Tablelands; 28% Monaro). Available phosphorus (P) was below critical levels in 40% of paddocks sampled and sulfur (S) in 73% of paddocks; &gt;35% of all paddocks had soil pHCa

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Norton, Mark R., Denys L. Garden, Beverley A. Orchard, Philip Armstrong, and Trent Brassil. "Effects of lime, phosphorus and stocking rate on an extensively managed permanent pasture: botanical composition and groundcover." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 7 (2020): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20135.

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Low phosphorus (P) constrains productivity of many of the permanent pastures of south-eastern Australia where wool and meat production are important. Whereas the need for fertilisation with P is indisputable for many soils, the benefits of liming to ameliorate soil acidification are not always clear in terms of forage production or quality. This experiment, by measuring botanical composition and groundcover over 10 years, aimed to address the issue of forage composition and groundcover. Merino wethers were continuously grazed on a permanent pasture under two stocking rates (low and high) follo

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31

You, M. P., I. T. Riley, K. Sivasithamparam, and M. J. Barbetti. "Relationship of rainfall, cultural practices, soil and plant nutrients, and seedling survival with root disease and parasitic nematode numbers in annual Medicago spp. Pastures." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 6 (1999): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98175.

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Surveys were conducted for annual Medicago spp. (medic) pastures in the grain belt of south-west Western Australia during spring 1996 and winter–spring 1997 to determine the relationship of rainfall, cultural practices, soil and plant nutrients, and seedling survival with severity of root disease and numbers of parasitic nematodes. Medic pasture was sampled on 116 farms. Most pastures consisted of a single medic variety, viz. Serena, Santiago, Cyprus, or Caliph, whereas about 33% of sites had mixed varieties. Regression analyses showed that high rainfall and application of phosphorus fertilise

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32

Berger, J. D., K. H. M. Siddique, and S. P. Loss. "Cool season grain legumes for Mediterranean environments: species × environment interaction in seed quality traits and anti-nutritional factors in the genus Vicia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 3 (1999): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98098.

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Seed size and protein, sulfur (S), total phenolics, condensed tannins, and proteinase inhibitor concentrations were measured in 4 Vicia species (V. faba, V. sativa, V. ervilia, V. narbonensis) grown at up to 30 locations in the south-west of Western Australia. There was a species × environment interaction for all seed traits, and this was reflected in the relationships with environmental parameters and other seed traits within each species. For V. faba, it was difficult to account for the production of seed quality traits or antinutritional factors on the basis of descriptive environmental par

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33

Weatherley, AJ, MDA Bolland, and RJ Gilkes. "A comparison of values for initial and residual effectiveness of rock phosphates measured in pot and field experiments." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 6 (1988): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880753.

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The effectiveness of Calciphos (500�C calcined calcium-aluminium C-grade rock phosphate from Christmas Island), Queensland rock phosphate (low carbonate substituted apatite, from Duchess deposit, Northern Queensland [QRP]), and granular North Carolina rock phosphate (highly carbonate substituted apatite from U.S.A. [NCRP]) were compared with the effectiveness of monocalcium phosphate (MCP) fertilisers in pot and field experiments. Three different lateritic soils from south-western Australia and different plant species were used. In the pot experiment, the effectiveness of the fertilisers was m

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34

Berger, J. D., K. H. M. Siddique, and S. P. Loss. "Cool season grain legumes for Mediterranean environments: the effect of environment on non-protein amino acids in Vicia and Lathyrus species." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 3 (1999): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98097.

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Variation among a range of potentially deleterious non-protein amino acids found in the seeds of the genera Vicia and Lathyrus was determined by growing species at up to 31 sites covering the range of environments experienced in the cropping region of south-west Australia. γ-Glutamyl-S-ethenyl cysteine (GEC) concentrations in V. narbonensis were correlated to seed sulfur levels (r = 0.95, P < 0.001) in 1 of 2 genotypes, and shown to increase under conditions of increasing soil sulfur availability, pH, clay content, cation exchange capacity, concentration of exchangeable cations, and salinit

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35

Anderson, Geoffrey C., Shahab Pathan, James Easton, David J. M. Hall, and Rajesh Sharma. "Short- and Long-Term Effects of Lime and Gypsum Applications on Acid Soils in a Water-Limited Environment: 1. Grain Yield Response and Nutrient Concentration." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081213.

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Surface (0–10 cm) and subsoil (soil layers below 10 cm) acidity and resulting aluminum (Al) toxicity reduce crop grain yields. In South Western Australia (SWA), these constraints affect 14.2 million hectares or 53% of the agricultural area. Both lime (L, CaCO3) and gypsum (G, CaSO4) application can decrease the toxic effect of Al, leading to an increase in crop grain yields. Within the region, it is unclear if G alone or the combined use of L and G has a role in alleviating soil acidity in SWA, due to low sulfate S (SO4–S) sorption properties of the soil. We present results from three experime

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36

Cox, J. W., C. A. Kirkby, D. J. Chittleborough, L. J. Smythe, and N. K. Fleming. "Mobility of phosphorus through intact soil cores collected from the Adelaide Hills, South Australia." Soil Research 38, no. 5 (2000): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99125.

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Intact cores were collected from a variety of soils in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, and tested for phosphorus retention and mobility (P in drainage) under various rainfall intensities (5, 25, and 50 mm/h). Phosphorus mobility was high in soils with significant macropore structure. However, all soils exhibited some degree of preferential flow of P, including the heavy-textured soils with high P adsorption that were not P saturated. A phosphorus adsorption index based only on the chemical properties of the soil did not accurately predict the mobility of P through soils with macroporosity

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37

Doolette, Ashlea L., Ronald J. Smernik, and Timothy I. McLaren. "The composition of organic phosphorus in soils of the Snowy Mountains region of south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 55, no. 1 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16058.

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Few studies have considered the influence of climate on organic phosphorus (P) speciation in soils. We used sodium hydroxide–ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (NaOH–EDTA) soil extractions and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the soil P composition of five alpine and sub-alpine soils. The aim was to compare the P speciation of this set of soils with those of soils typically reported in the literature from other cold and wet locations, as well as those of other Australian soils from warmer and drier environments. For all alpine and sub-alpine soils, the majority

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38

Bolland, M. D. A., M. W. Sweetingham, and R. J. Jarvis. "Effect of applied phosphorus on the growth of Lupinus luteus, L. angustifolius and L. albus in acidic soils in the south-west of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 1 (2000): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99065.

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Phosphorus is the major nutrient element deficiency of grain legumes in the south-west of Western Australia. Lupinus angustifolius is the major grain legume grown on the acidic soils in Western Australia. However, L. luteus and L. albus are being researched as possible alternatives because of tolerance to diseases and specific soil type adaptation. The fertiliser phosphorus requirements of L. luteus and L. albus in acidic soils of Western Australia are not well known. By contrast, there is much information on the phosphorus requirements of L. angustifolius in these soils where placement of fer

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39

Chittleborough, D. J., J. W. Cox, and D. P. Stevens. "Pathways of phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon movement over and through texturally differentiated soils, South Australia." Soil Research 37, no. 4 (1999): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr98082.

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One method for preventing the degradation of water supplies through contamination with phosphorus (P), nitrate (NO3), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is to restrict movement of these contaminants from the catchment into water bodies. The purpose of the study was to quantify and characterise the proportion of NO3, P, and DOC moving from duplex soils by overland flow and through-flow on a sub-catchment scale, and to characterise soil properties that influence their movement. Two sites in the Adelaide Hills (South Australia) with contrasting duplex soils were instrumented to collect overland f

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40

Henry, P. C., and Marie F. Smith. "The relationship between the phosphorus requirement and Ambic 1 phosphorus content of selected South African soils." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 22, no. 3 (January 2005): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2005.10634701.

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41

Valentine, S., P. Lewis, R. T. Cowan, and J. DeFaveri. "The effects of high stocking rates on milk production from dryland and irrigated Mediterranean pastures." Animal Production Science 49, no. 2 (2009): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07071.

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An experiment using herds of ~20 cows (farmlets) assessed the effects of high stocking rates on production and profitability of feeding systems based on dryland and irrigated perennial ryegrass-based pastures in a Mediterranean environment in South Australia over 4 years. A target level of milk production of 7000 L/cow.year was set, based on predicted intakes of 2.7 t DM/cow.year as concentrates, pasture intakes from 1.5 to 2.7 t/cow.year and purchased fodder. In years 1 and 2, up to 1.5 t DM/cow.year of purchased fodder was used and in years 3 and 4 the amounts were increased if necessary to

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42

Hayes, Patrick E., Peta L. Clode, Caio Guilherme Pereira, and Hans Lambers. "Calcium modulates leaf cell-specific phosphorus allocation in Proteaceae from south-western Australia." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 15 (April 9, 2019): 3995–4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz156.

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Abstract Over 650 Proteaceae occur in south-western Australia, contributing to the region’s exceptionally high biodiversity. Most Proteaceae occur exclusively on severely nutrient-impoverished, acidic soils (calcifuge), whilst only few also occur on young, calcareous soils (soil-indifferent), higher in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The calcifuge habit of Proteaceae is explained by Ca-enhanced P toxicity, putatively linked to the leaf cell-specific allocation of Ca and P. Separation of these elements is essential to avoid the deleterious precipitation of Ca-phosphate. We used quantitative X-

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43

Holland, Jonathan E., and Asim Biswas. "Predicting the mobile water content of vineyard soils in New South Wales, Australia." Agricultural Water Management 148 (January 2015): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.018.

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44

Mclaughlin, MJ, TG Baker, TR James, and JA Rundle. "Distribution and forms of phosphorus and aluminum in acidic topsoils under pastures in south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 28, no. 3 (1990): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900371.

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The vertical distributions of pH, and forms of phosphorus (P) and aluminium (Al) in acidic topsoils (0-100 mm depth) under pastures were examined at 15 sites in New South Wales and Victoria. The soils were characterized by shallow surface strata of moderate pH, high P and low Al concentrations overlying more acidic, P-deficient and Al-rich subsurface strata. Significant amounts (35-65%) of the total P in acidic pasture topsoils were present in organic forms (Po). Some 20-40% of this Po was extractable using 0.5 M NaHCO3, and is regarded as easily mineralizable and a potential source of P for p

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45

Banu, Nargis A., Balwant Singh, and Les Copeland. "Microbial biomass and microbial biodiversity in some soils from New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 42, no. 7 (2004): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03132.

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Eight surface soils (0–15 cm) including 1 Ferrosol, 2 Tenosols, 2 Kurosols, 1 Sodosol, 1 Chromosol, and 1 Kandosol were collected from mainly pasture sites in New South Wales. The soils had different physico-chemical properties and there were some differences between the sites in climatic conditions. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was estimated by the chloroform-fumigation extraction method, and substrate utilisation patterns determined by the Biolog method were used to assess the amount, functional diversity, substrate richness and evenness, and community structure of the microorganisms

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46

Samadi, Abbas, and R. J. Gilkes. "Forms of phosphorus in virgin and fertilised calcareous soils of Western Australia." Soil Research 36, no. 4 (1998): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97060.

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Total phosphorus (P), inorganic P (Pi), organic P, and several Pi fractions were determined for 8 fertilised calcareous soils under agriculture and their virgin analogues under natural bush to ascertain changes due to agricultural development. The relationships between soil properties and forms of P were also determined. In general, agricultural development of soils resulted in increases in total P (average 105% increase), Pi (154%), organic P (49%), Olsen P (200%), Colwell P (100%), and all Pi fractions compared with their virgin analogues. For the virgin soils, the abundance of the Pi fracti

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47

Lewis, DC, AL Clarke, and WB Hall. "Accumulation of plant nutrients and changes in soil properties of sandy soils under fertilized pasture in southeastern South-Australia .I. Phosphorus." Soil Research 25, no. 2 (1987): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870193.

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The accumulation of phosphorus applied as superphosphate over a 25-year period to pastures growing on sand over clay soils was measured in three areas of different rainfall in the south-east of South Australia. Total soil phosphorus levels increased in the 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm and 30 cm-clay layers for all areas, but no accumulation occurred in the clay layer. For every 100 kg ha-1 of single superphosphate (9.6% phosphorus) applied, 2.0, 3.2 and 3.5 kg ha-1 of phosphorus accumulated in the 0-10 cm layer for the Hundreds of Coles, Willalooka and Senior respectively. The recoveries of applied phosp

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48

Moghtaderi, Tahereh, Ata Shakeri, and Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo. "Potentially Toxic Element Content in Arid Agricultural Soils in South Iran." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040564.

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Potentially toxic elements (PTE) are considered to be dangerous threats, both for human health and the environment. Here, the contamination level, sources, and ecological risks posed by PTE were investigated in 19 topsoils from agricultural lands in the Bandar Abbas County on the southern coast of Iran. The soil fraction <63 μm was used for the analysis of the pseudototal contents of PTE (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and zinc). The results were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlations, differen

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49

Messiga, Aimé J., Camellia Lam, and Yunkun Li. "Phosphorus saturation index and water-extractable phosphorus in high-legacy phosphorus soils in southern British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 101, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2020-0129.

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Understanding of the risk of phosphorus (P) loss to the environment is crucial to monitor soil P and implement policies for P management. We assessed P sorption characteristics and adapted a P saturation index (PSI) for silage corn and blueberry fields in south coastal British Columbia (BC), Canada. We used 284 composite soil samples with contrasting P levels collected from eight silage corn and 23 blueberry fields across south coastal BC. The P sorption maximum (Smax) varied between 982 and 2532 mg P·kg−1 and was influenced by aluminum concentration and organic matter content. The degree of P

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50

Opeyemi, Akintola, Bodede Adewunmi, and Abiola Oluwaseyi. "Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils in Gambari Forest Reserve Near Ibadan, South Western Nigeria." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0132.

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The different features of soil greatly affect the flora and vegetative diversity of a forest. The physical and chemical characteristics of soils in Onigambari Forest Reserve were evaluated to assess the fertility and productivity status of the soils. Fifteen soil samples collected from different sample locations were analyzed for soil texture (sand, silt and clay), bulk density, porosity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and available micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn). Texturally, the studied soils were loamy sand and sandy loam w

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