Tesis sobre el tema "Solaire Thermodynamique"
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Rahmani, Mustapha Amine. "Gestion de l'énergie d'une micro-centrale solaire thermodynamique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT077/document.
Texto completoThis Ph.D thesis was prepared in the scope of the MICROSOL project, ledby Schneider Electric, that aims at developing Off-grid solar thermodynamic micro powerplants exploiting the solar thermal energy. The aim of this thesis being the development of innovative and efficient control strategies for the energy management of two kinds of solar thermodynamic micro power plants: based on Stirling engine and based and Organic RankineCycle (ORC) machines.In a first part, we consider the Stirling based solar thermodynamic micro power planthybridized with a supercapacitor as an energy buffer. Within this framework, we propose afirst experimentally validated control strategy, associated to the energy conversion system ofthe Stirling engine, that endows the system with quasi optimal performances in term of settlingtime enabling the size reduction of the supercapacitor. A second control strategy that handlesexplicitly the system constraints while providing the system with optimal performances interm of settling time , is also proposed. This control strategy is in fact more than a simplecontroller, it is a control framework that holds for a family of energy conversion systems.In a second part, we consider the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based thermodynamicmicro power plant hybridized with a battery bank as an energy buffer. Since this system worksat constant speed for the asynchronous generator electrically connected to a commercial energyconversion system, we propose a model predictive controller that acts on the thermodynamicpart of this system to move from an operating point to another, during the load power demandtransients, as fast as possible (to reduce the size of the battery banks) while respecting thephysical system constraints. The developed predictive controller is based upon a dynamicmodel, for the ORC power plant, identified experimentally thanks to an adequate nonlinearidentification algorithm
Martins, Matthieu. "Nouveau procédé thermo-hydraulique appliqué au rafraîchissement solaire de l’habitat : analyse et optimisation thermodynamiques". Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1020.
Texto completoIn recent years, efforts were made in developing environmental-friendly technologies. Cooling systems are one of the most apparent applications of this source of renewable energy. Indeed the use of solar energy for air conditioning allows synchronization between cooling needs and solar energy availability. This paper presents a novel solar cooling process (so-called CHV3T) using common flat plate collectors. Firstly, the performances of the process are evaluated throughout an energy balance in steady state. A modeling of the whole process is developed by using the concept of equivalent Gibbs systems to describe the dynamic behavior of all the components of the system. The main objective of the modeling is to provide a design tool for this thermal-hydraulic system. A 6 kW cooling capacity prototype coupled to 20 m² of flat plate solar collectors has been realized
Mathieu, Antoine. "Contribution à la conception et à l'optimisation thermodynamique d'une microcentrale solaire thermo-électrique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0027/document.
Texto completoAs a new millenium begins, 1.4 Billion people worldwide earn less than 2 dollars daily and have no access to the power grid. The need of electric power of these people represent small energy amounts but is very important regarding to the usage : acces to healthcare and education, communication, local economic development. In reponse to the situation, since 2009, Schneider Electric Industries takes up the challenge to design and realize micro solar power plants, competitive with other solutions, to supply these people with reliable and environment-friendly electricity. Dealing with this project, this work has been realized under contract, so it follows the development sequence of the industrial project. The first part is a State of the Art of the actual solar thermodynamical technologies. This task is extended to a qualitative evaluation of various technologies, as a contribution to select adapted technologies: concentrating solar thermal receivers, sensible heat thermal storage and Stirling engine. The secon step is a preliminary thermodynamics analysis of the whole system, that allowed to evaluate key features: the size of the solar receivers area, the thermal storage volume, and overall energy performance. This task is streched by a sensitivity analysis of the sizing and performances, according to various energy losses parameters, that shows the technical hard spots of the design. Finally, an exergy-based dynamical analysis of stationary operating solar receivers and Stirling engines leads to a propostion of basis methods and criteria for the optimal control of power, in order to maximize the energy performances of the system and to enhance its competitiveness
ANDRIEUX, FRANCK. "Etude de la conversion thermodynamique de l'energie solaire a vocation spatiale". Paris, ENMP, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENMP0240.
Texto completoDelaleux, Fabien. "Intensification des performances des procédés énergétiques par hybridation solaire/géothermie". Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1086.
Texto completoThe theme of the manuscript is to imagine processes combining solar and geothermal energies to improve their respective performances. Hybridization can be made from the not concentrated solar systems to the concentrated solar systems with a phase of intensification of the performances of vertical boreholes heat exchangers to move from a level to another. The first chapter deals with the coupling between geothermal and not concentrated solar energy. The aim of this part is to study the possibility of storing thermal energy produced by a solar field in the basement through borehole heat exchangers. The second part focuses on the intensification of heat transfer in low temperature geothermal energy. Different doping tests of bentonite are tested and compared. The third and last chapter is entitled coupling of geothermal and concentrated solar energy. This part joins in the context of solar thermodynamics power plants which have to resolve the double problem concerning their overall efficiency which can be improved and an important water consumption for their cooling
Di, Giacomo Laurie. "PACVD/PVD de multicouches sélectives pour la conversion thermodynamique de l'énergie solaire". Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0042.
Texto completoIn concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, solar flux is concentrated on receivers to heat a transfer fluid up to 600°C. In order to improve their optical properties, these receivers can be covered by multilayered spectrally selective coatings. This work is devoted to designing and developing innovative spectrally selective structures showing strong absorption (low reflectivity) in the visible and near infrared range and low emissivity (high reflectivity) in the infrared range. We developed such stacks associating a refractory metal with high IR reflectivity and a ceramic which improves absorption in the visible range and thermal stability. The coatings were synthesized by plasma techniques, combining PACVD and PVD. Pre-industrial process feasibility, its development and optimization through the design of an innovative reactor, layer deposition and characterization, their combination in efficient optically selective stacks and the study of their aging have been achieved
Calvet, Nicolas. "Stockages thermiques performants et durables pour procédés solaires : des basses aux hautes températures". Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP0002.
Texto completoTouré, Abdou. "Etude théorique et expérimentale d'un moteur Ericsson à cycle de Joule pour conversion thermodynamique de l’énergie solaire ou pour micro-cogénération". Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3012.
Texto completoAn Ericsson engine is an external heat supply engine working according to a Joule thermodynamic cycle. Such engines have separated compression and expansion cylinders, a recuperator, and a monophasic gaseous working fluid. First of all, in this thesis we have developed an original theoretical model of a volumetric hot air Joule cycle engine. The theoretical results are presented and analyzed. Then, we have tested a prototype of the 'hot' part of an open cycle Ericsson engine developed by our laboratory. Experimental results for the ‘engine mode’ and the ‘driven engine mode’ are presented and analyzed. The performances of the prototype are in agreement with previous modeling results and assumptions. Therefore it has been decided to build and add the compression part to the prototype so that to allow the test of a complete Ericsson engine
Khennich, Mohammed. "Optimisation thermodynamique d’un procédé solaire utilisant un système de réfrigération à éjecto-compression pour la production du froid". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9756.
Texto completoEspargilliere, Harold. "Système de refroidissement sec et de production d'eau pour centrale électrosolaire thermodynamique à cycle de Rankine". Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0004.
Texto completoIndustrial concentrated solar power plants consume 4 m3/MWh of water to cool down their thermodynamic cycle. In arid area, it could induce conflicts of use on a more fundamental resource than electricity. This fact highlights the need to develop alternatives dry cooling technologies but equally effective. The solar field represents 50% of the investment cost of a CSP plant to be used only daily for the heat production needed for the thermodynamic cycle. The approach of the project is to use this huge area as macro-heat exchanger with its surrounding environment through a coupled heat transfer with the ambient air (convective) and with outer space at 3K (radiative). After validating the compatibility of solar field materials for a such application, these research works has shown experimentally that in addition to extract the waste heat of the thermodynamic cycle, it could also produce cold by night radiative cooling. An innovative alternative solution for cooling CSP plants offering two new features to their already existing solar field for the benefit of its paying off
Hoffmann, Jean-Francois. "Stockage thermique pour centrale solaire thermodynamique à concentration mettant en oeuvre des matériaux céramiques naturels ou recyclés". Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0033/document.
Texto completoCompare to fossil fuel energy resources, solar energy presents the inherent characteristic given by the very nature of the resource (intermittent availability). This observation highlights the need for thermal energy storage system. This doctoral thesis studies thermal energy storage for concentrating solar power plant, as well as its two essential components: the heat transfer fluid and the thermal energy storage materials. The analysis of the thermocline storage system with filler materials is achieved through experimental and numerical approaches. An innovative alternative for the heat transfer fluid consists to use vegetable oils, which offers comparable thermal properties and operating behavior to conventional thermal fluid. Regarding thermal energy storage materials, many natural and recycled materials can be used. A storage material with controlled geometry is developed from steel industry co-product. The originality of this combination for thermal energy storage combines performance, materials availability at industrial scale while reducing environmental and financial impact
Larrouturou, Florent. "Amélioration des propriétés radiatives des récepteurs solaires surfaciques haute température par microstructuration". Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0030.
Texto completoConcentrated solar power (CSP) technology is an alternative for renewable thermal energy generation and a promising source of energy. Managing the optical properties of a cavity solar receiver to create spectral and directional selectivities is a solution to improve receiver and solar power plant efficiencies in order to reduce cost. The two main steps of the development are to quantify the potential gain that may result from theoretical selectivities and then the optimization of microstructuration to increase as possible the spectral selectivity. At first, a calculation code was built in order to quantify the influence of receiver on the global solar power plant efficiency. Then a parametric study which takes into account thegeometry, the material, the roughness and the microstructure of the receiver was conducted. At last, an optimization of microstructuration with uniperiodic and biperiodic structures was studied. As a conclusion the best structure is a biperiodic pyramidal relief which offers a huge gain of absorptivity
Sow, Ousmane. "Analyse thermodynamique d'un système de dessalement par distillation avec apport solaire : recherche des conditions optimales de fonctionnement en régime variable". Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f9106e6d-4483-41c4-b3cc-0fcde7ffff70.
Texto completoWith traditional desalination plants, operative by phase shift (vapour compression mechanical, multi-flash, multiple effects. . . ) Two major problems arise: the rejection of a large quantity of water non-satured in salt and the build up of salt in all the installation components. The traditional solution to overcome these problems consists in introducing chemical substances for the pre-treatment of salted water. The present thesis proposes through analysis multipurpose system desalination, that a regulation on the rate of feed could be an alternative method to reduce this water loss, and consequently the production cost. This analysis allows us to evaluate energies brought into the system and the exergetical losses. A modeling in dynamical mode will follow this analysis. A comparison with a system not controlled makes it possible to evaluate the performances of the system. Finally a feasibility study gives an idea on its implementation
Tapachès, Émeric. "Estimation du potentiel de la technologie solaire thermodynamique à concentration en climat non désertique - Application à La Réunion". Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0011/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the study of the direct solar resource received in Reunion and numerical modeling of a solar power plant consists of: 1 / a field of linear Fresnel collectors in which circulates synthetic oil; 2 / two sensible heat storage tanks; 3 / an organic Rankine cycle. The main goal is to evaluate the performance of such power plant in the island area identified as suitable.To meet this goal, several studies have been conducted: (i) a beam solar radiation map of Reunion was made from satellite images of MeteoSat 7. This map was used to assess the availability of this resource; (ii) a new global-to-diffuse irradiance decomposition model was made from based-ground measurements at Saint-Pierre. This model is based on the representation of higher probabilities of occurrence of the diffuse fraction; (iii) the geometry of the solar collector and beam solar irradiance were modeled from an existing ray-tracing code. This code has been used, firstly, to dimension the collector using an optimization method. And secondly, to develop a fast method in order to simulate absorbed flux distribution on the linear receiver elements; (iv) unsteady-state heat transfers within the solar collector was modeled with a nodal approach; (v) annual electricity production of the power plant running in the south of the island was simulated with a monitoring and control strategy relevant for the demand of the local electricity grid.The models that have been developed during this thesis are design support tools and allow the study of control strategies control of solar power plants with linear Fresnel collector
Ordóñez, Malla Freddy. "Optimisation d'un récepteur solaire haute température à polydispersion de particules". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1072/document.
Texto completoSolar Particle Receivers (SPRs) are promising candidates to work at high temperatures (T > 1100 K) in Central Solar Power (CSP) plants. They will permit the use of high efficient thermodynamic cycles, such as a combined cycle (Brayton cycle + Rankine cycle). Nevertheless, the optimal conditions that reduce the receiver losses (and consequently maximize the receiver efficiency) still remain to be studied. In this work, the principal parameters that drive the receiver efficiency are numerically optimized. For this end, a simplified radiative model is developed, which allows one to run the high number of simulations needed in such optimization. This model consists in a 1D slab of particulate media submitted to a collimated and concentrated solar flux. The medium emits, absorbs and anisotropically scatters energy. A two-stream method with a delta-Eddington approximation is implemented to fast solve the radiative transfer equation. Among the several two-stream approximations, the one proposed by Joseph et al. (1976) is chosen due to its good treatment of the anisotropic scattering. The volume optical properties are computed under the independent scattering hypothesis, the single-particle optical properties with the Lorenz-Mie theory and the phase function with the Henyey-Greenstein phase function. Such a model is used with a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to find the optimal particle size, volume fraction and complex refractive index to be used in the receiver. Once the ideal optimal conditions for a SPR are found, the replication of these results is attempted by using real materials. Six materials (HfB2, ZrB2, HfC, ZrC, W and SiC) are chosen because of their spectral selective behavior or their high absorptivity. At this stage, an important difficulty is the lack of information about the refractive indexes of materials. Therefore, the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations are utilized to find the refractive indexes from reflectance data. Then, three SPR configurations are considered: (1) a homogeneous medium with only one kind of particles, (2) a medium with a mixture of two materials and, (3) a homogeneous medium with coated particles. The three configuration results are compared with those obtained using particles made of an ideal material. A remarkable result is obtained when W-particles coated with SiC are used. This configuration decreases the radiative losses approaching to the ideal minimal. Finally, the influence of the fluid flow on the radiative losses is studied through the implementation of a convection-radiation heat transfer model. A simple geometry is adopted for a gas-particles mixture flow between two parallel plates, where one of them is a window. The concentrated solar radiation then affects perpendicularly the fluid flow. The energy equation is solved using a low-Mach approximation and the divergence of the radiative flux with the radiative model developed before. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of the optical properties on the radiative losses. In the future, more materials remain to be investigated to be used in solar particle receivers. To this end, the refractive indexes of a number of materials should be measured. The developed codes will be useful for this investigation
Fula, Rojas Manuel Alejandro. "Modélisation thermique, thermodynamique et expérimentation d'un moteur ericsson a air chaud a cycle de joule". Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3055/document.
Texto completoWith exhaustion of natural resources, in particular the fossil energy sources, renewable energies are again regarded as a real alternative for the needed energy transition of the industrialized countries. The "hot air engines" like the Stirling engine and his “cousin” the Ericsson engine, can use multiple thermal sources - renewable or not -. The Ericsson engine is thus particularly well adapted for solar or biomass energy conversion in electricity or for microcogeneration purposes. This thesis is a continuation of the theoretical and experimental work on the Ericsson engine realized in the LaTEP of theUniversity of Pau (France). In this work, we are mainly interested in the - in-cylinder - heat transfer between the working gas and the walls of the compression and expansion cylinders of the Ericsson engine. A first original model made possible to determine under which conditions these heat transfers can improve the performances of the energy system considered. A second model, “intracycle”, allowed to evaluate the instantaneous heat transfers in the cylinders starting from the correlations usually used in the internal combustion engines, reciprocating compressors and pneumatic springs. The Ericsson prototype was then equipped with various pressure and temperature gauges, the latter consisting of K-type microthermocouples of 25 and 12,5μm wires. The results of instantaneous temperature measurements in the compression cylinder are presented, commented and compared with the results obtained by the “intracycle” model
Aurousseau, Antoine. "Modélisation dynamique et régulation des centrales solaires thermodynamiques linéaires à génération directe de vapeur". Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMAC0003/document.
Texto completoDirect steam generation concentrated solar power plants use the optical concentration of solar direct irradiation to generate high pressure and high temperature steam in the absorber tubes. Steam is used as the working fluid of a Rankine-type thermodynamic cycle for the propelling of a steam turbine and an electric generator. The conjunction of the natural transient condition of solar irradiation and the presence of a two-phase flow inside the absorber tubes leads to a strong dynamic behavior of the steam generation system. Moreover, steam turbines being very sensitive to inlet temperature transients, the control of steam generation has to be achieved with the best possible efficiency. Because of the large time constants of the flow in the solar field (among other reasons), basic control strategies are poorly efficient and not well suited. The aim of this thesis work is the study, through modeling and simulation, of the dynamic behavior of the steam generation system. Dynamic modeling of linear Fresnel and parabolic-trough solar plants is carried out, and experimental data from a parabolic-trough prototype are used for validation. The models are used for the study of advanced control strategies, for a better control of steam conditions at the solar field outlet, under irradiation transients. Short-term irradiation prediction methods are evaluated for a use in the control strategies
Touré, Abdou. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'un moteur Ericsson à cycle de Joule pour conversion thermodynamique de l'énergie solaire ou pour micro-cogénération". Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546852.
Texto completoTardieu, Alaphilippe Muriel. "Recherche d'un nouveau procédé de conversion thermodynamique de l'énergie solaire, en vue de son application à la cogénération de petite puissance". Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3036.
Texto completoNowadays, in our energy and environmental context, one of our major problems is the development of "clean" energy solutions. The subject of this thesis consists in the research of a new solution of thermodynamic solar energy conversion, in order to produce low power electricity (< 50 kW) adapted to cogeneration. The technology has to be simple and suitable for developing countries. The system must be able to become a challenge to the existing processes: i. E. Photovoltaïc or dish Stirling systems. A general classification of small size power system, realized from a "karyotype", allows to list the possible solutions for solar energy conversion. The system finally chosen is based on the coupling of an Ericsson engine in opened cycle with a simple parabolic trough collector. A first theoretical analysis of the energetic and exergetic performances of the system is completed by an analysis of the power plant performances during a real period of sunshine, with and without thermal storage, then for two locations, the first one in France, the other in Algeria. These analyses lead to the sizing of the system and the evaluation of the monthly and annual daily performances. Finally an experimental analysis allows to characterize the thermal transfers in the parabolic trough solar collector
Roget, Fabien. "Définition, modélisation et validation expérimentale d’une capacité de stockage thermique par chaleur latente adaptée à une centrale thermodynamique solaire à basse température". Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0004/document.
Texto completoThis work of thesis is done within the framework of industrial agreements research training, between the company Sophia Antipolis Energie Développement (SAED) in Valbonne, and the Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP) – CNRS – University Sud Toulon-Var.The aim of this collaboration is to investigate the technical and economic potential of various materials for thermal energy storage by latent heat, suitable for temperature levels of the solar collectors developed by SAED. Indeed, energy storage is a major technological barrier to the process resorting to intermittent renewable energies and especially for thermodynamic solar power plants.After an introduction on the potential and interest of solar power plants working at low temperature, a brief state of art of the main types of energy storage is presented. The second chapter addresses in detail the principle of thermal storage by latent heat and identifies a hundred of selected materials from the literature for phase change in the temperature range 343 - 413 K. The selection criteria are exposed.Thermal analyses by differential scanning calorimetry are carried out systematically on the various selected Phase Change Materials (PCMs). The results of these measurements, presented in chapter III, accurately characterize the material behavior when heated. The transformation on cooling is studied using a device specifically designed in order to be more representative of conditions found in an industrial enclosure. This study, presented in chapter IV, allows refining the selection of PCMs retaining only those whose phase change reversibility is compatible with an industrial use as medium for thermal energy storage. Chapters V and VI are used to study in further detail the specifics of two types of MCP, respectively polyols and eutectic mixtures of nitrates.Final chapter deals with the modeling of heat transfer into a storage tank containing encapsulated PCM. The aim is to provide a tool for predicting the performance of a latent heat storage unit, in order to analyze the influence of different options on the solar power plant energy yield and their impact on the kWh cost
Boulnois, Gabriel. "Intégration d'un procédé de stockage thermochimique à une centrale solaire thermodynamique : de l'expérimentation à l'échelle matériau aux performances énergétiques à l'échelle système". Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0013/document.
Texto completoHigh-temperature heat storage processes using thermochemical solid/gas reaction exhibit great interest for applications in solar thermodynamic power plants. The reactive pair CaO/Ca(OH)2 is suitable for this recovery step application ranging from 350 to 550°C within steam pressures from 0.2 to 2 bar. Heat and mass transfer Ca(OH)2+GNE beds parameters were evaluated through correlations and experimentations. Experiments achieved recovery reaction powers above 200kW.m-3 for compatible durations with solar power plants (1 to 15 hours). A 2D model was developed, validated and exploited to study the coupled influences of different parameters on the performance of TCS. Finally, the benefit of different configurations of TCS integration within the solar power plant have been highlighted in terms of thermal performances and sources and sinks power exchanges
Lambert, Julien. "Transfert Radiatif hors équilibre thermodynamique local dans les atmosphères d'étoiles supergéantes rouges". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795445.
Texto completoAnies, Guillaume. "Modélisation, simulation dynamique, validation expérimentale et optimisation énergétique d’une unité de rafraîchissement solaire par absorption". Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3029/document.
Texto completoThe general context of the thesis is the solar cooling. This is an interesting alternative to conventional air conditioning systems, that is to say systems using mechanical vapour compression from electric power. Among the various solutions that may be suitable, the use of a refrigeration tri-thermal cycle is a promising issue. However, given the lack of means of investigation, the variability of the boundary conditions (including weather) and its temporal influences on the overall behaviour makes it very difficult, to evaluate the energy performance of the system nowadays, and even more difficult its optimal sizing. This thesis introduces the issue of the subject and analyzes the different state-of-the-art solar cooling technologies in order to explain the strong predominance of absorption systems. Then, to address the problem, a new method of modelling of these machines for the prediction of transient performance is introduced and applied to four machines on the market. Then, a solar cooling pilot is presented in order to analyze and understand its dynamic behaviour, to identify ways of optimization. Finally, the experimental results of this plant are used in order to develop and validate a completeanalysis and performance optimization methodology, i.e. from the collector field to the cooling distribution. This modelling tool for solar cooling systems can then be enhanced by the development of a methodology to help the design of this type of installation, for the decision maker or for the engineer
Lefebvre, Emeline. "Procédé par absorption avec stockage d’énergie solaire intersaisonnier intensifié par la cristallisation de l’absorbant : recherche & caractérisation thermodynamique de nouveaux couples : conception de la cuve de stockage". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10248.
Texto completoThe use of solar energy as a renewable energy has been widely demonstrated since many years. Thermal solar energy storage is an interesting way of reducing gas emissions. This storage can be achieved using water vapor absorption-desorption in a binary system with a desiccant salt. The innovation of this project is the crystallization of the salt solution as its temperature falls under the storage temperature to optimize the storage capacity. A previous work was realized using LiBr as absorbent. In spite of its interesting efficiency, two major drawbacks have been underlined: its price and its low storage capacity. This work is dedicated to evaluate and characterize new potential candidates of absorbent usable in the industrial process. The first chapter presents a bibliography report of the various thermal energy processes. The second and third chapters display the thermodynamical properties of the selected binary systems, calculated from calorimetric and vapor pressure measurements, and calculated process parameters which lead to select the new absorbent. The fourth chapter is based on the study of the solid/liquid/gas equilibrium of the new binary system and of LiBr/H20 to characterize the crystallized phases in many different equilibrium states. Finally, the last chapter presents a preliminary study of the CFD modeling of the non-isothermal flow in the storage tank and the suggested geometries tested for the crystallization of KHCOO in the storage tank
Omri, Amna. "Analyse de la transition vers les énergies renouvelables en Tunisie : Risques, enjeux et stratégies à adopter". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0030/document.
Texto completoThe main objective of this thesis is to identify and analyze the risks and barriers faced by renewable energy investors, in Tunisia, and to deduce strategies and mechanisms that should be adopted to accelerate the process of transition to renewable energies. Although the foundations of this thesis are based on the economic analysis, it favors, rather, an interdisciplinary approach of risk management.We conducted a case study of a project of concentrating solar power (the “TuNur” project) which will be held in southern Tunisia. We used the Global Risk Analysis method (GRA) which permits the determination of cartographies of risks (Kiviat diagram and Farmer diagram) and the ways to reduce them. The application of this method allowed us to generate a list of 8 major risks and the mechanisms and strategies to reduce them. At the end of this thesis, we presented the different forms of energy governance that facilitate the diffusion of renewable energies in Tunisia. We explained that the energy policy of transition to renewable energies must be made by public authorities, at the beginning, but it must quickly move to other forms of governance, through private sector participation and participative local governance until we get to a stage where the risk governance becomes necessary
Leo, Jessica. "Modélisation et conduite optimale d'un cycle combiné hybride avec source solaire et stockage". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT123/document.
Texto completoThis work concerns the subsystems coordination of a new type of power plant: a Hybrid Combined Cycle (HCC). This HCC plant is not yet build but consists of a Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP), a concentrated solar plant (parabolic trough) and a thermal storage system (a molten-salts two-tank indirect sensible thermal storage). How to coordinate these three subsystems optimally during variations in power demand or in gas price?First, each subsystem is studied independently in order to get on one hand a physical model that reproduces the dynamical behavior of the considered subsystem, and on the other hand, a local control that achieves an operation according to pre-specified objectives. Then, a model of the HCC system is obtained by coupling the models of the three defined subsystems.Eventually, a coordination of the subsystems is set up in order to adapt the behavior of each subsystem according to the global objectives for the full HCC system, by optimizing subsystem setpoints. In this study, a linear quadratic coordination and a model predictive coordination are designed. The obtained results are promising: they first show that during a power demand, the coordination allows the global system to quickly respond, using extensively the solar production. Besides, when the power demand undergoes many fluctuations, the solar and storage parts absorb these variations and the gas turbine of the CCPP is much less stressed. In addition, when there is no more solar radiation, the storage part continues producing solar steam, until storage tanks are empty. At last, the storage part allows to adjust the gas turbine production according to the gas prices
Ko, Gaelle Kafira. "Etude et modélisation dynamique d'un concentrateur à miroir linéaire de Fresnel". Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0018/document.
Texto completoAmong the different technologies of concentrated solar power plant, the linear Fresnel, thanks to its simplicity, appears the most adapted to rural area of Sub Sahara region. A linear Fresnel collector of 7.5 m² has been built in “laboratoire énergies renouvelables et efficacité énergétique (LabEREE)”. The collector have been designed using material available locally by local man power. This reduces the total cost of the technology and makes it affordable for local population. The collector has been characterized in order to find optical, thermal and global efficiencies. In first time, a review on different linear Fresnel collector allows finding the technology that is most adapted to the Sub-Saharan region. An optical and thermal model of the collector has been done as a tool for designing and optimisation. The experimental results enable to validate the different models done. The collector has an effective concentration factor of 6 and a global efficiency of 21%
Veynandt, François. "Cogénération héliothermodynamique avec concentrateur linéaire de Fresnel : modélisation de l’ensemble du procédé". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0116/document.
Texto completoLinear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) is a promising Concentrating Solar Power technology. Research is booming and industrial applications are emerging. Applications range from small production units (heat, cold, electricity) to utility scale power plants (several tenths of MW). This PhD work establishes a global model of the solar process, in order to improve our knowledge of the system’s performances. It is a static model suited for a pre-design of the system. The model is chaining three parts. Radiative heat transfer in the optical concentrator is modelled by Monte Carlo statistical Method. The algorithm enables a detailed study of any geometrical configuration, especially through absorbed power flux maps on the receiver. The simulation tool is using the environment of development EDStar. The thermal model calculates analytically the useful thermal power, losses and temperature profiles along the receiver (glass cover, fluid, pipe...). The thermodynamic cycle is simulated analytically using the software Thermoptim. The studied application uses air as heat transfer and working fluid. Air directly feeds an Ericsson engine. The engine developed by LaTEP laboratory is promising for small scale cogeneration (1 to several tenths of kWel). The prototype Linear Fresnel Reflector built in Ecole des Mines d’Albi will enable experimental study of a solar process coupling an LFR concentrator and an Ericsson engine. The technology under study can feed a power plant or a cogeneration system in the industry, producing electricity and heat at 100 to 250°C. Hybridisation with an other energy source (biomass, gas...) and thermal storage (molten salt?) are key features to investigate. To optimise the operating strategy of the process, dynamic behaviour must be studied: a systemic or agent based model is a very relevant approach
Chabrillat, Simon H. "Modélisation du changement global dans l'atmosphère moyenne". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211595.
Texto completoNous évaluons les impacts de ces deux changements anthropiques et de ce cycle naturel sur la température et la chimie de la MLT. Pour ce faire, nous participons au développement d'un modèle bidimensionnel de l'atmosphère :SOCRATES. Ce modèle calcule interactivement les moyennes zonales des vents, de la température et de la composition chimique de l'atmosphère en fonction de la latitude (85°S-85°N) et de l'altitude (0-120 km). Avant de nous intéresser au changement global, nous avons dû améliorer SOCRATES pour qu'il reproduise au mieux la situation chimique, dynamique et thermique actuellement observée.
Nous avons ainsi modifié la résolution du système chimique; développé une nouvelle paramétrisation de l'absorption par O2 du rayonnement solaire ultraviolet à Lyman-&61537; (121.6 nm) [Chabrillat et Kockarts, 1997] ;créé une approximation des sources thermosphériques de NO; paramétrisé le forçage dynamique par déferlement des ondes de gravité pour reproduire de manière très réaliste les observations actuelles de température dans la MLT ;et développé un algorithme pour prendre en compte non seulement la diffusion turbulente mais aussi la diffusion moléculaire. Tous ces développements sont décrits en détail, et leurs effets sur la physico-chimie de la. MLT sont analysés. Les concentrations chimiques calculées par le modèle sont comparées avec succès à des observations - en particulier de l'ozone et du radical hydroxyle.
Nous étudions ensuite en détail l'impact du cycle solaire de onze ans sur la MLT. Une analyse complète du budget thermique nous permet d'établir, par exemple, que la raie Lyman-&61537; est responsable de la moitié du réchauffement entre SOLMIN et SOLMAX. Nous évaluons alors la sensibilité de la MLT à un doublement (théorique) de l'abondance de C02. Nous trouvons qu'aux hautes latitudes et en été, zone d'apparition des PMC, cet effet est très faible. Puis nous réalisons une simulation où le méthane est ramené à son niveau préindustriel. L'accroissement de CH4 depuis cette époque est responsable, non seulement de l'augmentation de la vapeur d'eau dans l'atmosphère moyenne, mais aussi d'un léger refroidissement dans la MLT. Cet effet est maximal dans les régions polaires et en été, là où les deux autres sont minimaux.
Nous concluons par une grande simulation intégrée de l'évolution du climat et de la chimie de l'atmosphère moyenne au cours du XXIe siècle. Nous trouvons qu'au niveau d'apparition des PMC, la tendance au refroidissement est plus faible que partout ailleurs. Par contre, la vapeur d'eau augmente plus rapidement en été qu'en hiver. Ces calculs fournissent des indices pour réconcilier les observations plus fréquentes des PMC avec une synthèse des températures mesurées dans l'été arctique, selon laquelle les températures n'auraient pas varié depuis quarante ans.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Chen, Danying. "Revêtements multicouches à base de nitrure d'aluminium pour les récepteurs des systèmes solaires à concentration". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI079.
Texto completoThere is an increasing interest for concentrated solar power (CSP) systems which can work at temperatures higher than 1000 °C to optimize efficiency. One of the challenges is to design the receiver that will be heated at high temperature in air. Compared to coatings in gas turbine engine, the coating(s)/substrate system must have a high thermal conductivity to ensure a good heat transfer to the fluid. Aluminum nitride (AlN) coating, deposited by chemical vapor deposition at 1100-1200 °C at a growth rate of 10-50 µm·h-1, is selected for its high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature stability and its ability to develop stable alumina scales above 1000 °C. Molybdenum-based alloys are selected as substrate materials for their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The alumina-forming iron-based alloys are also chosen as model substrates to reduce the influencing parameters in real-life receivers and to study the potential of these coatings. Accelerated cyclic oxidation tests and emissivity measurements allow the evaluation of AlN coatings as materials for high temperature CSP receivers. The multilayered systems exhibit low degradation after hundreds of thermal cycles at 800 °C in air and can support higher temperatures (1100 °C) for 100 to 500 h depending on the coating thickness. Nevertheless, the fast cyclic oxidation in solar furnace leads to cracks through the coatings. An analytical model is developed to study the stress evolution within the coating(s)/substrate system. Calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data. The measurements of the optical properties reveal a decrease of absorptivity after oxidation for AlN coatings, but a significant increase of absorptivity when SiC coating is added as a top layer
Bouvier, Jean-Louis. "Étude expérimentale d'une installation de micro-cogénération solaire couplant un concentrateur cylindro-parabolique et un moteur à cycle de Hirn". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS031/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is the experimental study of the energy performances of a micro combined solar heat and power (micro-CHP) unit. The prototype is composed of a solar parabolic trough collector coupled to a Hirn (superheated Rankine) cycle engine. The originalities of this project are the use of solar energy which is renewable and inexhaustible but intermittent, the direct steam generation with a reduced size parabolic trough collector (46.5 m²), the two axis tracking system and the coupling with an oil-free reciprocating steam engine. The first part of this study is focussed on the solar collector. Thermal performances under sunny and cloudy conditions are presented and the thermal efficiency is evaluated. The system dynamic is also investigated through the characterization of the inertia as well as a study of its response to perturbations. Then a control strategy is set up and validated. The second part deals with the characterization of the engine. Tests have been performed with a stable and variable heat source power. From these tests, an empirical model has been developed and used in a parametrical study. This study shows the significant influence of the pressure ratio and of the rotational speed on the efficiency of the engine. In the last part, global performances (efficiency, output thermal and electrical powers) of the entire micro-CHP unit are evaluated. Tests with controlled pressure and speed are presented. From operating maps established from an empirical model, a control strategy based on the use of a by-pass is set up and tested
Rodney, Elodie. "Développement d’une méthode de gestion des risques de projet et d’aide à la décision en contexte incertain : application au domaine des énergies renouvelables". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0399/document.
Texto completoRisk is an inherent property of each project. Indeed, any project faces, throughout its whole life cycle, numerous risks. Those risks can have an internal or an external origin. Be able to control risks is a crucial stake for the project success. Many risk management tools have been developed, but have the recurring weakness of representing only the project and treating the risk in isolation. Risks affect the project and are generated by the project itself. So, it is necessary to consider the numerous and complex interactions between project, environment and risks.The work carried out aims to develop a risk management method suitable for all types of projects and more particularly for projects of the competitive field of renewable energies.This method relies on a formal framework, as well as on application tools to optimize project risk management. Indeed, a modeling framework which supports the method and aims to facilitate the modeling of the project as a complex system has been developed. Moreover, the representation of the interactions and the decision making have been allowed by the nature of the attributes characterizing the entities of the project and its environment and the different models for evaluation, interpretation and selection of alternatives. This method was adapted to the uncertain context. For this purpose, uncertainties have been identified and described via the realization of a data base on risk factors. Then, uncertainties have been formalized, propagated and evaluated
Gomez, Garcia Fabrisio. "Analyse du potentiel de nouvelles structures d'absorbeur volumétrique pour les récepteurs des centrales solaires à tour". Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0002.
Texto completoOne of the key elements for achieving a high efficiency in solar power plants with volumetric receiver is the absorber. Its porous structure allows the solar radiation to penetrate inside it, where the absorbed energy should be transferred efficiently by convection to the fluid which crosses through it. In this work, two types of innovative absorbers are presented and analyzed: one consisting of a set of stacked elements with a grid-like structure, the other with elements similar to venetian blinds. As a reference, a conventional honeycomb absorber is also evaluated. The solar radiation propagation within the absorbers is modeled through the ray tracing technique, based on the Monte Carlo method. Their thermohydraulic behavior is simulated by the finite element method. The geometrical characteristics of the two proposed absorbers improve convective heat transfer compared to honeycomb absorbers and the modification of their main geometric parameters allowed us to increase the extinction length of solar radiation. However, the increase of their apparent frontal surface rises up reflection losses. Based on the theoretical results, the venetian blind absorber was selected to analyze it experimentally. Its thermal performance is compared with that of a honeycomb absorber. These results also indicate that the structure of the proposed absorber intensifies the heat exchange to the fluid. Moreover, this kind of absorber reaches a better thermal behavior at high heat flux and at high flow rates
Nahhas, Tamar. "Materials and thermal storage systems by sensible heat for thermodynamic electro-solar plants". Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0027.
Texto completoCompare to fossil fuel energy resources, solar energy is known for its intermittent nature. This observation highlights the need for the use of a thermal energy storage system. The thermocline storage system is considered as a cost-effective storage system. This thesis aims to study the potential of basalt and silex rocks as candidate storage materials for concentrated solar power plants. Experimental studies of the thermo-physical and thermo-mechanical properties of these rocks at temperatures up to 1000°C show that these rocks offer good thermal properties compared with conventional storage materials. The analysis of the thermocline storage system of air rock-packed bed is carried out using a numerical approach. This research also aims to assess the environmental impact of this type of storage system by conducting a comparative analysis of its life cycle. Finally, a complementary study carried out with the aim of producing a relevance index map made it possible to identify the most suitable areas for the construction of solar power plants in Egypt. The originality of this alternative approach for thermal energy storage is that it combines the performance and availability of storage materials while reducing their environmental and financial impacts
Andreani, Anne-Sophie. "Revêtements céramiques réfractaires à résistance accrue à l’oxydation : corrélation entre mécanisme de diffusion, microstructure et composition". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14172/document.
Texto completoIn order to improve material’s lifetime used at a temperature above 2500°C and under oxidizing atmosphere, a solution is to use a surfacing protection constituted of non oxide refractory materials. One of the main objectives of this thesis is to select and experimentally validate new chemical coating compositions which will be used under corrosive and oxidizing atmosphere at ultra high temperature (more than 2000°C). A preliminary thermodynamic and thermo-chemical study aims to select compounds. These compounds are then analyzed with physic-chemical tests. Coatings have to be chemically stable, thermo-mechanically compatible with the substrate and have to stick to the substrate from ambient temperature to more than 2000°C. Moreover, coatings have to act as an environmental barrier and/or as a thermal barrier.Two kinds of oxidation tests are made. On one hand, non oxide massive material’s systems are fabricated by spark plasma sintering in order to be tested at the solar furnace. On the other hand, composite models are fabricated by PVD. A carbon fiber is covered with ultra refractory metallic coating by PVD. Then, these composite models are heated by Joule effect in order to realize oxidation tests. Understanding mechanisms at work during the oxidation of these new coatings is another main objective of this thesis. This understanding will be also useful to classify these materials regarding their resistance to oxidation
Lomonaco, Adrien. "Stockage d’énergie thermique par matériaux à changements de phase adapté aux centrales solaires thermodynamiques". Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3012/document.
Texto completoThe work presented in this manuscript concerns the development of a latent heat thermal energy storage system adapted to concentrated solar power plant using direct steam generation, and more particularly on the selection and the study of the Phase Change Material (PCM) used in this system. This thesis was performed within the framework of the STARS project (Stockage Thermique Appliqué à l’extension de pRoduction d’énergie Solaire thermodynamique) carried by the consortium of AREVA Renouvelables, Hamon d’Hondt company, CEA institute liten and laboratories IPNO, LPCS and LaTEP. This project is accompanied by ADEME under the énergies décarbonnées des investissements d’avenir program. The first chapter of this manuscript sets up the context of this study by drawing a state of art of different existing CSP technologies and various ways to store energy for this kind of systems. The STARS project is then described. This chapter ends with a description of the thesis objectives. The entire PCM selection process, including identification of materials in literature, definition of various criteria and thermal characterization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the most relevant candidates, is detailed in chapter II. This work leads to the selection of sodium nitrate by the consortium, an inorganic salt with a suitable melting temperature considering AREVA’s technology and a large storage density. The following work, concerning the thermal stability of the PCM under thermal cycling, is then presented in chapter III. This part includes a bibliographic study allowing to highlight issues related to thermal degradation of the PCM and its behavior regarding to metallic material with which it will have to be in contact (heat exchanger, storage tank). The main consequence of these phenomena is the reduction of sodium nitrate into sodium nitrite, and thus the impact of sodium nitrite fraction on the thermal properties of the PCM was studied. The results of this experimental work shows a significant reduction of the melting temperature and the latent heat as the fraction in sodium nitrite increases. To study the evolution of the PCM composition under real operating situation, a specific device was designed to replicate thermal cycling conditions in the presence of metals. This device was used to analyze the kinetics of reducing sodium nitrate into sodium nitrite. The results show that the changes in composition of the PCM in the project’s operating conditions are negligible, ensuring the stability of its thermal properties during its lifetime. The last chapter is devoted to the improvement of heat transfers within the PCM. Indeed, sodium nitrate has a low thermal conductivity which may limit the power of the heat exchange in the storage system. A state of art of available solutions for the intensification of thermal transfers concerning latent heat storage was done. This study highlighted that the use of composites based on metallic foams constitutes an effective way of improvement. Thus an experimental campaign was conducted to evaluate the performances of such composites, allowing to show the potential of this kind of configuration
Pernot, Eric. "Modélisation du changement d’état solide-liquide. Application au stockage thermique par chaleur latente Adapté aux centrales solaires thermodynamiques". Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3044/document.
Texto completoA major technological lever to the industrial development of renewable energy production processes with high efficiency, is the development of an innovative solution to store the energy. This storage device should help to smooth the production period and to follow closely the demand. Among the existing solutions, latent heat thermal storage has many advantages that make today it is the subject of several research and development projects. This technology is based on the principle that certain classes of material, called phase change materials (PCMs), release (during liquid to solid transition) or accumulate (during solid to liquid transition) energy when subjected to a phase change. Upstream of the development of a new storage design, it is essential to understand and master the thermal processes involved in the melting and solidification phase of the material and this knowledge comes through the development of numerical models adapted to the problems encountered. In the particular context of this Phdthesis, the technological process that interests us is that of CSP (Concentrated Solar Power). Funded by ADEME under the STARS Project (Thermal STorage Applied to the expansion of pRoduction of thermodynamic Solar energy), the work done by the LaTEP is to analyze the performance of a storage solution by modeling the latter, considering the thermal and hydraulic phenomena. The modeling work is done with the free source OpenFOAM CFD software in which is developed and implemented by the laboratory, a new module dedicated to the problem we are concerned, namely the resolution of Eulerian (fixed grid) conservation equations for an incompressible fluid in the presence of a solid-liquid phase change dominated by convective motions. Regarding the phase transition problems, various mathematical and numerical methods have been developed to finely consider the physics of these phenomena. After conducting a review of methods in the first part of the Phd thesis, we selected two formulations that we have implemented in OpenFOAM. Once this work done, we have managed to compare the results returned from these formulations by comparing them with experimental results available in the literature and also with analytical cases. This allowed us firstly to strengthen us in the use of our solvers and the accuracy of the obtained results and secondly to highlight the differences between the solutions returned by each formulation. After that, we wanted to assess the impact of the equation of state used to connect the enthalpy to the temperature, essential for closing the thermodynamic equations. This comparison was made by the simulation of a thermal storage exchanger (2D simulation) and by analyzing the performance of this latter during the charge phase, the discharge one and during several series of cycles. The obtained results allowed us to conclude about the importance of a good characterization of PCM in order to model their behavior as accurately via the mathematical formulation and the most suitable state law
Pelletier, David. "Modélisation de la cinétique chimique dans les plasmas inductifs : applications aux procédés". Grenoble INPG, 2006. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01331569.
Texto completoThe chemical equilibrium (CE), often used as a first approximation in the modeling of thermal plasma processes, does not always make it possible to explain the experimental results, in particular in the vicinity of a wall or a surface placed under the plasma jet. A numericaf tool allowing the analysis of effects related to chemical kinetics in atmospheric ICP was developed under FLUEN© and applied on a process of silicon purification by plasma. The first results show that the assumption of CE is valid within plasma, but not in the interfacial zone between the plasma and the target where a broad variation with CE was predicted. Ln addition, an experimental validation of the numerical model was carried out by a spectroscopie study of an ICP torch, and general kinetics studies through the attack of a graphite target by an Ar-02 plasma
Cirigliano, Daniela. "Observation et diagnostic des protubérances solaires à partir des données de la mission SOHO". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112193.
Texto completoSolar prominences, known as singular perturbations of the solar corona, are complex structures confining a dilute and cold plasma, immersed in the hot corona plasma medium. Many different methods of spectroscopy analysis allow measuring the physical plasma parameters in solar prominences which are, in turn, the basis and constrains to the construction of any theoretical model. The answers to critical questions of mass support and stability strongly depend of their thermodynamic and magnetic conditions. The aim of this thesis work is, with the help of observations from SOHO (Solar Heliospheric Observatory) satellite, to measure several plasma parameters, like temperature, density and electronic pressure. We have registered solar prominence spectra in the UV / EUV domain. For this, we have observed line profiles from a large number of chemical elements in different ionisation states. The information we have obtained from the observed features allow us to perform the diagnostic of certain parameters such as emission measure, Doppler velocities, material fluxes and electronic density. The velocities of non-resolved motions in prominences give us a signature about an energy transport made by magnetohydrodynamic or Alfvén waves. We have proposed a magnetic flux tube model to represent the prominence morphology and we find some clues about the magnetic field lines behaviour with temperature. The set of observational data we have obtained is a unique occasion to test existent theories and encourage the study of active phenomena such as eruptive prominences
Hubert, Cédric. "Synthèse par voie chimique en solution de couches minces semi-conductrices à base de sulfure de zinc : application à la réalisation de cellules solaires de type CuIn(S,Se)2 et CU(In,Ga)Se2". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066704.
Texto completoThe preparation of cadmium free buffer layers is one of the major objectives in the medium term for the CIS solar cells field for two principal reasons : the toxicity of cadmium and limitations introduced by the CdS layer on the level of the optimal performances of the cells associated with the losses into UV region. This limitation could be overcome by using wider band gap buffer layers. The efforts of research in this field have been developed significantly these last years. The most promising results have been obtained by using zinc oxy-sulfide buffers prepared by chemical bath deposition. However, the understanding of both deposition mechanism and film properties is by far lower than what is the current status of chemical bath deposition of CdS. In a first part, a general presentation of CIS solar cells is done with a special focus on buffer layers. Then, the synthesis of zinc-oxo-sulfide films from aqueous solution is analysed from a thermodynamic point of view. The competition between the formation of ZnS, Zn(OH)2 and ZnO will be considered. The effect of temperature, leading to significant displacements of the deposition regions, will be treated by introducing its effect on the thermodynamical coefficients. In a third part, by means of microbalance analysis, the deposition mechanism are determined and deposition conditions are optimized. The next chapter is focused on films properties which allowed us to fix experimental conditions for the deposition of dense, compact and uniform ZnS films. Finally, device studies have been carried out on electrodeposited copper indium sulfo-selenide and co-evaporated copper indium-gallium di-selenide absorbers
Avellaneda, Jean-Marc. "Thermodynamic optimization of solar receivers : analysis of entropy generation rates in anisothermal flows subjected to asymmetric thermal boundary conditions". Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0035.
Texto completoThis thesis work is part of research aimed at improving the performance of concentrated solar power plant receivers with large temperature gradients and asymmetric thermal boundary conditions. It is necessary to analyze the power lost due to thermal and viscous irreversibility: this is achieved by studying the entropy generation rate within the flow and by adopting three different axis of analysis that provide complementary insights: (1) the detailed study of the entropy generation rate in a laminar boundary layer by examining in particular the effect of the thermal boundary condition type (imposed temperature vs. fixed heat flux density) (2) the use of the calculus of variations to determine which velocity fields optimize an objective functional related to the entropy generation rate in a flat plate channel flow, one-third of one of the walls being at imposed heat flux density (3) the study of the entropy generation rate in a flat plate channel flow, turbulent, quasi-compressible and for a fluid which thermo-physical properties depend on temperature
Afifi, Hussein. "Couches évaporées de CdS et CdTe : étude des propriétés et application à la réalisation de photopiles solaires". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077173.
Texto completoNéri, Adrien. "Etude de la différenciation métal-silicates dans les petits corps du système solaire : une approche pluridisciplinaire". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30184.
Texto completoMany early-accreted small bodies of the Solar System experienced metal-silicate differentiation. This process caused the metal and silicate to separate and may have led to the formation of a metallic core. This PhD focused on understanding the physical processes that drove this differentiation and their consequences on the materials found in the meteoritic record. In order to provide the most plausible models, a joint experimental and modeling approach was used. A three-phase experimental system was designed to be representative of natural samples undergoing differentiation and analyzed using computed 3D X-ray microtomography and electronic techniques. Metal-silicate differentiation mostly occurs though the percolation of an interconnected metallic network. However, significant extraction of the silicate melt is required to allow the formation of such a network. Differentiation remained partial in primitive achondrites due to late accretion and low silicate grain sizes that did not allow complete melting of the iron-rich phases or efficient melt extraction. Complete differentiation occurs for bodies accreted earlier that experienced a magma ocean stage. Models suggest that a significant fraction of the silicates does not melt (corresponding to the rheological threshold), preventing the metal particles from settling. At the end of the magma ocean phase, compaction and efficient extraction of the melts favors differentiation and the formation of achondrites (pallasites, stony and iron meteorites)