Artículos de revistas: "Solar cars"

1

Pile, David. "Solar-assisted cars." Nature Photonics 3, no. 4 (April 2009): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2009.36.

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2

Liu, Xuan Zuo, Hui Min Wang, Yu Long Zhang, Fei Zhang, and Ji Kai Zhou. "Vibration Analysis of the Solar Car Frame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.315.

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As a new type of automobile, solar cars lack the data of relevant assemblies. The frame requirements of solar cars are also different from the traditional ones. In this paper, a specific analysis of the vibration characteristics of the solar car's frame has been made, and an improvement is carried out to ensure the comfort and handling stability. It provides a theoretical basis for the study of the solar car.

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3

Babalola, P. O., and O. E. Atiba. "Solar powered cars - a review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1107, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012058.

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4

Koloc, J., and M. Šimánek. "Solar Cars and Energy Effiecient Management System." Transactions on Transport Sciences 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/tots.2009.009.

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5

Rizzo, Gianfranco, Massimo Naddeo, and Cecilia Pisanti. "Upgrading conventional cars to solar hybrid vehicles." International Journal of Powertrains 7, no. 1/2/3 (2018): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2018.090352.

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6

Pisanti, Cecilia, Gianfranco Rizzo, and Massimo Naddeo. "Upgrading conventional cars to solar hybrid vehicles." International Journal of Powertrains 7, no. 1/2/3 (2018): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2018.10011442.

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7

Nugroho, Dimas, Ahmad Ubaidillah, and Koko Joni. "Electric Smart Solar Car System Based on Android." JTECS : Jurnal Sistem Telekomunikasi Elektronika Sistem Kontrol Power Sistem dan Komputer 1, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/jtecs.v1i1.1427.

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Along with the increasing number of motorized vehicles resulting in high pollution, energy efficient cars are needed. solar electric car is one of the car solutions fueled by henamt energy. the use of electric cars is considered more effective, in addition to reducing the use of petroleum fuels, it also does not cause pollution. This research makes solar electric cars using photovoltaic modules, electric cars and batteries. solar cell is a source of electrical energy to drive a DC motor supplied from batteries / batteries. while the battery is a storage place for electrical energy. The charge controller is a tool that functions to control the process of storing electrical power in the battery, the process of using the battery as a source of supplying electrical loads and monitoring the condition of the battery level during the charging and discharging process. for the operation of electric cars, android is equipped with automatic control of voice commands. The result of this research is a solar-powered electric car model that uses voice commands as a steering wheel.

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8

Rizzo, G., M. Sorrentino, C. Speltino, I. Arsie, G. Fiengo, and F. Vasca. "Converting Conventional Cars in Mild Hybrid Solar Vehicles." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 9715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.03319.

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9

Nikbakhsh, S., E. I. Tanskanen, M. J. Käpylä, and T. Hackman. "Differences in the solar cycle variability of simple and complex active regions during 1996–2018." Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (September 2019): A45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935486.

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Aims. Our aim is to examine the solar cycle variability of magnetically simple and complex active region. Methods. We studied simple (α and β) and complex (βγ and βγδ) active regions based on the Mount Wilson magnetic classification by applying our newly developed daily approach. We analyzed the daily number of the simple active regions (SARs) and compared that to the abundance of the complex active regions (CARs) over the entire solar cycle 23 and cycle 24 until December 2018. Results. We show that CARs evolve differently over the solar cycle from SARs. The time evolution of SARs and CARs on different hemispheres also shows differences, even though on average their latitudinal distributions are shown to be similar. The time evolution of SARs closely follows that of the sunspot number, and their maximum abundance was observed to occur during the early maximum phase, while that of the CARs was seen roughly two years later. We furthermore found that the peak of CARs was reached before the latitudinal width of the activity band starts to decease. Conclusion. Our results suggest that the active region formation process is a competition between the large-scale dynamo (LSD) and the small-scale dynamo (SSD) near the surface, the former varying cyclically and the latter being independent of the solar cycle. During solar maximum, LSD is dominant, giving a preference to SARs, while during the declining phase the relative role of SSD increases. Therefore, a preference for CARs is seen due to the influence of the SSD on the emerging flux.

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10

Kano, Fumihisa, Yuji Kasai, Hideki Kimura, and Hirohito Funato. "MPPT Circuit with Analog Control Suitable for Solar Cars." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 140, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.140.99.

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11

De, Camargo, Cristiano Fragassa, Ana Pavlovic, and Matteo Martignani. "Analysis of the suspension design evolution in solar cars." FME Transaction 45, no. 3 (2017): 394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fmet1703394v.

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12

Gates, D. J., and M. Westcott. "Solar Cars and Variational Problems Equivalent to Shortest Paths." SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 34, no. 2 (March 1996): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0363012993260276.

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13

Slezak, Michael. "Solar-powered cars streak across Australia in 3000km race." New Scientist 220, no. 2939 (October 2013): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(13)62475-6.

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14

Kano, Fumihisa, Yuji Kasai, Hideki Kimura, and Hirohito Funato. "MPPT circuit with analog control suitable for solar cars." Electrical Engineering in Japan 213, no. 1-4 (June 10, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.23277.

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15

Arhun, Shch. "Projects and models of solar charging stations for electric cars." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 80 (November 8, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2018.80.0.45.

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16

Cheng, K., L. M. Guo, Y. K. Wang, and M. T. Zafar. "Prediction of energy balance and utilization for solar electric cars." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 93 (November 2017): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/93/1/012025.

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17

Roncone, Kelly. "Raycing with the sun: Solar cars thrive in summer heat." JOM 54, no. 7 (July 2002): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02700979.

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18

Yan, Xue Bo. "Application and Development Prospects Analysis of Solar Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 3476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.3476.

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With the development of photovoltaic technology with the electronic technology, solar car as a new energy vehicles has emerged. By comparison with conventional fuel vehicles, analyzes the advantages and shortcomings of the solar car, solar car elaborated while the current state of development, in considering the factors limiting the development of solar car, based on the prospects for the development of solar cars analyzed, providing a reference for the future direction of the solar car.

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19

Zhong, Yan, Qing Yang, and Yanzhong Zhang. "Research on Modeling and Power Algorithm of Photovoltaic Cells for Solar Cars." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2068, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2068/1/012024.

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Abstract Solar photovoltaic cells will be an effective supplement to electric vehicle batteries. In order to make the photovoltaic system of the solar car provide reliable power, this paper models the photovoltaic cell and designs the maximum power point (MPP) tracking algorithm based on three-point sampling with a fixed voltage. In addition, considering that the output power will change when the voltage and radiation intensity change under the peak power of the solar vehicle, the prediction of the peak output power of the photovoltaic array considering the influence of the radiation intensity and battery voltage is put forward for the first time. Experiments show that the designed power algorithm runs stably, and the power generation power prediction error is less than 1%. The peak output power prediction of the photovoltaic array takes into account the effects of real-time radiation intensity and battery voltage fluctuations, making the peak power prediction of the vehicle more accurate.

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20

Bai, Luchang, Youtong Zhang, Hongqian Wei, Junbo Dong, and Wei Tian. "Digital Twin Modeling of a Solar Car Based on the Hybrid Model Method with Data-Driven and Mechanistic." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 11, 2021): 6399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146399.

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Solar cars are energy-sensitive and affected by many factors. In order to achieve optimal energy management of solar cars, it is necessary to comprehensively characterize the energy flow of vehicular components. To model these components which are hard to formulate, this study stimulates a solar car with the digital twin (DT) technology to accurately characterize energy. Based on the hybrid modeling approach combining mechanistic and data-driven technologies, the DT model of a solar car is established with a designed cloud platform server based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to realize data interaction between physical and virtual entities. The DT model is further modified by the offline optimization data of drive motors, and the energy consumption is evaluated with the DT system in the real-world experiment. Specifically, the energy consumption error between the experiment and simulation is less than 5.17%, which suggests that the established DT model can accurately stimulate energy consumption. Generally, this study lays the foundation for subsequent performance optimization research.

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21

Pultarova, T. "News: Solar Power to improve Hydrogen Fuel Cell cars' carbon footprint." Engineering & Technology 9, no. 11 (December 1, 2014): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2014.1142.

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22

Taran, Narges, Vandana Rallabandi, Greg Heins, and Dan M. Ionel. "Coreless and Conventional Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motors for Solar Cars." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54, no. 6 (November 2018): 5907–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2018.2855123.

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23

King, Richard J. "Solar cars race for the future results of the GM Sunrayce USA and the world solar challenge." Solar Cells 31, no. 5 (November 1991): 395–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6787(91)90011-d.

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24

Fujinaka, Masaharu. "Solar cars free of environmental pollution—prototype of practically usable car completed." Renewable Energy 2, no. 1 (February 1992): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(92)90060-g.

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25

Mohammad, Luthfansyah, Muhammad K. Asy’ari, Mokhammad F. Izdiharrudin, and Suyanto. "Performance Enhancement of Solar Panels Using Adaptive Velocity-Particle Swarm Optimization (AVPSO) Algorithm for Charging Station as an Effort for Energy Security." Indonesian Journal of Energy 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/ije.v3i2.91.

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The growth of public awareness of the environment is directly proportional to the development of the use of electric cars. Electric cars operate by consuming electrical energy from battery storage, which must be recharged periodically at the charging station. Solar panels are one source of energy that is environmentally friendly and has the potential to be applied to charging stations. The use of solar panels causes the charging station to no longer depend on conventional electricity networks, which the majority of it still use fossil fuel power plants. Solar panels have a problem that is not optimal electrical power output so that it has the potential to affect the charging parameters of the battery charging station. Adaptive Velocity-Particle Swarm Optimization (AV-PSO) is an artificial intelligence type MPPT optimization algorithm that can solve the problem of solar panel power optimization. This study also uses the Coulomb Counting method as a battery capacity estimator. The results showed that the average sensor accuracy is more than 91% with a DC-DC SEPIC converter which has an efficiency of 69.54%. In general, the proposed charging station system has been proven capable to enhance the energy security by optimizing the output power of solar panels up to 22.30% more than using conventional systems.

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26

Wang, Hui Min, Xuan Zuo Liu, and Qian Cheng Liu. "Green Traffic Tool Innovation – Design and Implementation of a Solar Car Prototype." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.221.

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Abstract: Solar car, a combination of a great number of relevant techniques with new energy sources, materials and structure, is both eco-friendly and energy-saving. Our research, whose chief goal is to bring solar cars into our daily life by the device of a prototype, will be concentrated on body structure, steering system and energy flows. A conclusion has been made that the solar car is very potential to be used as the sightseeing car and some optimizations have also been achieved.

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27

Gurer, Erim, Onur Taylan, and Tugce Yuksel. "Driving cycle and temperature effects on the energy performance of a solar-powered electric vehicle in Istanbul." World Journal of Environmental Research 8, no. 1 (May 25, 2018): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v8i1.3945.

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The global warming and climate change problem can be solved by emitting less greenhouse gases by transportation. Switching from fossil fuel burning cars to electric vehicle cars is one of the most promising solutions, however; they are as clean as their energy source. In this study, a generic model to estimate energy generation from PV-covered parking lot system and energy demand from electrical cars is established, and Istanbul is selected for a case study. Two main effects are investigated in the demand side: i) ambient temperature and; ii) driving style. In this study, it is considered that a 150 m2 parking lot for 10 cars is covered with 90 PV modules, size of 22.5 kW, to charge EVs in Istanbul, Turkey. The results show that the total annual energy consumption can be covered by a grid-connected PV system. Additionally, an off-grid PV system can cover about 198 and 268 days of energy demand in a year for the urban and highway driving conditions, respectively. Overall, ambient and driving conditions can affect the energy demand by 40%–60%.  Keywords: Driving cycles, electric vehicle, solar charging, temperature effect.

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28

Saleh, Karam Abou, and R. V. Murali. "Design, Analysis and Development of Solar-Powered Electric Bi-Cycle for domestic use." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 2 (February 27, 2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.2.1129.

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Nowadays a greater number of people use cars or other automobiles as a means of transportation between places and the number of such vehicles is increasing day by day on the roads. Moreover, people are driving their cars for every need even if the location he/she is heading to is really near and can be taken by a walk. On the other hand, with respect to different researches that driving cars is having an impact on the environment and it is affecting the ozone layer due to the emission of greenhouse gases from the vehicles so providing a transport that supports the environment such as solar-powered e-bike is an affordable solution for our society particularly for the near distances. This paper presents the design and development aspects of solar powered bi-cycle. The key phases of this work include designing a solar energy cell converting solar energy into useable electric energy and designing a power transmission system suitable for driving a conventional bi-cycle. These phases involve calculation of power requirements to drive the bi-cycle and redesign of transmission elements of bi-cycles suitable to the solar energy power source and suitably select PV cell components to meet these requirements. The electrical motor type and capacity are decided on the basis of the above calculations and the motor is connected to the bi-cycle through suitable chain drive system. Solar PV cell capacity of 40 W with area dimensions of 54 x 51 cm is used to generate electrical energy and the same is used to charge the batteries as well. The maximum voltage recorded is 24 volts and the maximum current generated is 12 Amperes. Various parts of the assembly are integrated into the bi-cycle and the working model was completed. Finally, the testing of the bi-cycle was performed to obtain the results based on which an engineering analysis and cost details were carried out. The fabricated model and the results obtained thus prove that there is a potential scope to introduce the solar-integrated electric bikes into the market for domestic use.

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29

Saleh, Karam Abou, and R. V. Murali. "Design, Analysis and Development of Solar-Powered Electric Bi-Cycle for domestic use." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 2 (February 27, 2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.2.1129.

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Nowadays a greater number of people use cars or other automobiles as a means of transportation between places and the number of such vehicles is increasing day by day on the roads. Moreover, people are driving their cars for every need even if the location he/she is heading to is really near and can be taken by a walk. On the other hand, with respect to different researches that driving cars is having an impact on the environment and it is affecting the ozone layer due to the emission of greenhouse gases from the vehicles so providing a transport that supports the environment such as solar-powered e-bike is an affordable solution for our society particularly for the near distances. This paper presents the design and development aspects of solar powered bi-cycle. The key phases of this work include designing a solar energy cell converting solar energy into useable electric energy and designing a power transmission system suitable for driving a conventional bi-cycle. These phases involve calculation of power requirements to drive the bi-cycle and redesign of transmission elements of bi-cycles suitable to the solar energy power source and suitably select PV cell components to meet these requirements. The electrical motor type and capacity are decided on the basis of the above calculations and the motor is connected to the bi-cycle through suitable chain drive system. Solar PV cell capacity of 40 W with area dimensions of 54 x 51 cm is used to generate electrical energy and the same is used to charge the batteries as well. The maximum voltage recorded is 24 volts and the maximum current generated is 12 Amperes. Various parts of the assembly are integrated into the bi-cycle and the working model was completed. Finally, the testing of the bi-cycle was performed to obtain the results based on which an engineering analysis and cost details were carried out. The fabricated model and the results obtained thus prove that there is a potential scope to introduce the solar-integrated electric bikes into the market for domestic use.

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30

Araki, Kenji, Liang Ji, George Kelly, and Masafumi Yamaguchi. "To Do List for Research and Development and International Standardization to Achieve the Goal of Running a Majority of Electric Vehicles on Solar Energy." Coatings 8, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8070251.

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A car-roof photovoltaic has enormous potential to change our society. With this technology, 70% of a car can run on the solar energy collected by the solar panel on its roof. Unfortunately, it is not a simple extension of conventional photovoltaic technology. This paper lists what we need to do to achieve the goal of running a majority of cars on renewable solar energy, after clarification of the difference to conventional photovoltaic technology. In addition to technological development, standardization will be important and this list was made highlighting standardization.

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31

Vu, Hoang, Ngoc Hai Vu, and Seoyong Shin. "Static Concentrator Photovoltaics Module for Electric Vehicle Applications Based on Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 6951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196951.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaics (PVs) are new technologies that will play an important role in the transportation industry over the next decade. Using solar panels on the roofs of cars is one of the simplest ways to reduce fuel costs and increase the mobility of electric vehicles. Solar electric cars can be charged anywhere under the Sun without additional infrastructure, but the problem is the size of the solar panel is limited on the roof and the electricity conversion efficiency of the panel is only 15% to 20%. This means they will not provide significant electricity to EVs. An effective way to increase efficiency is to utilize multi-junction solar cells with concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) technology. The challenge is that the moving sun-tracking mechanism will reduce the stability of the vehicle structure. To solve this issue, in this research, we present a static concentrator photovoltaic system for electric vehicles. This structure is more stable and simpler than CPV systems using sun-tracking mechanisms and thus suitable for car roof application. The CPV system includes solid compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs), three-junction solar cells, and a crystalline Si cell panel. This structure allows for the manufacture of a static CPV with a geometrical concentration ratio of 4× for three-junction cells. The simulation results showed that the module can achieve 25% annual efficiency. Moreover, it can be flexible to meet the requirements of car roof application.

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32

Albatayneh, Aiman, Mohammed N. Assaf, Muna Al-Qroum, and Dariusz Alterman. "Energy Saving and CO2 Mitigation as a Result of Reshaping Transportation in Jordan to Focus on the Use of Electric Passenger Cars." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0015.

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Abstract Just over half of the energy consumed in Jordan is consumed by transportation, of which passenger cars account for 57 %. This has increased fuel bills and elevated CO2 emissions, creating social and economic pressures. However, these can be ameliorated by enhancing the efficiency with which energy in the transportation sector is utilised. In Jordan, most of the passenger cars in 2017 ran on diesel and gasoline fuel, with only a small percentage (0.23 %, equivalent to 3586 cars) running on electricity. The aim of this paper was to assess the possible advantages of replacing passenger cars that run on fossil fuel with electrically powered vehicles. This was achieved through an examination of six scenarios where the key variable was the type of fuel needed to produce the electricity required to charge the cars. Different replacement percentages were also tested. Detailed analysis and calculations of CO2e emissions and the electricity needed were then performed. The results indicated that replacing fossil fuel passenger cars with electric cars is an effective option for reducing the amount of CO2e emissions and can decelerate the rate at which energy is consumed in the transportation sector, dramatically reducing the national fuel bill. If the running costs of car fuel are reduced, the use of renewable energy technologies based on solar and wind will also reduce the level of GHG emissions.

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33

San Vicente González de Aspuru, Jose Ignacio. "Nerón, auriga solar = Nero, solar auriga." ARYS: Antigüedad, Religiones y Sociedades, no. 15 (November 5, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/arys.2017.3840.

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Resumen: Se analiza la trayectoria de Nerón como auriga. Esta actividad estaba mal considerada por relacionarse con ‘gente infame’, pero Nerón defendió su afición argumentando que la antigua tradición de la conducción de carros era propia de reyes y héroes. Su inclinación le venía de herencia familiar, ya que algunos Ahenobarbos habían practicado la conducción de carros. Nerón se preparó para este deporte y actuó en el circo como auriga. Lo hizo en un principio de manera privada, hasta que a partir del año 64 participó en espectáculos públicos. En su papel de conductor de carros de caballos terminó identificándose con Febo, el Sol, y se hizo representar en las monedas y esculturas con la corona radiada. Esta innovación tuvo éxito y el tocado solar permaneció en las imágenes monetales de los emperadores hasta el Bajo Imperio.Abstract: We analyze Nero´s trajectory as a charioteer. This activity was badly considered for being related to 'infamous people', but Nero defended his hobby by arguing that the ancient tradition of car driving was typical of kings and heroes. His interest came from family tradition, since some Ahenobarbi had practiced the driving of cars. Nero trained for this sport and performed in circus as a charioteer. At first he did it privately until 64 A.D., when he started to participate in public shows. In his role of horse carriages driver, he ended up identifying himself with Phoebus, the Sun, and was represented in coins and sculptures with the radiated crown. This innovation was successful and the headdress remained in monetary images of the emperors until the Late Empire.Palabras clave: Cuadriga, Apolo, Febo, Sol, Olimpia, Circo Máximo.Key words: Quadriga, Apollo, Phoebus, Sol, Olympia, Circus Maximus.

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34

Jonokuchi, Hideki. "History of Solar Car Technology and its Future Especially in Power Electronics." Journal of Solar Energy Research Updates 8 (September 29, 2021): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31875/2410-2199.2021.08.8.

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This paper describes the history and evolution of technologies related to the whole electrical system of solar car [1]. The components are the solar cell, maximum power point tracker, boost converter, motor& Inverter and battery. In a solar car, it is difficult to arrange the solar cells on a flat vehicle surface, and solar cells with different incident angles and temperature is different in each cell. This is a problem when many solar cells with different characteristics are connected in series, and the improvement method will be described in detail. Next, we will explain the development of a boost converter using a GaN power device that can improve the overall running efficiency. We will also discuss the technological advances in motors & inverters and batteries over the last 30 years. The evolution of solar cars is largely due to the evolution of semiconductors, including solar cells, and material technologies, but at the same time, we will explain examples of these technologies being first demonstrated in solar car race and then socially implemented

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35

Jonokuchi, Hideki. "History of Solar Car Technology and its Future Especially in Power Electronics." Journal of Solar Energy Research Updates 8 (September 29, 2021): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31875/2410-4701.2021.08.08.

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This paper describes the history and evolution of technologies related to the whole electrical system of solar car [1]. The components are the solar cell, maximum power point tracker, boost converter, motor& Inverter and battery. In a solar car, it is difficult to arrange the solar cells on a flat vehicle surface, and solar cells with different incident angles and temperature is different in each cell. This is a problem when many solar cells with different characteristics are connected in series, and the improvement method will be described in detail. Next, we will explain the development of a boost converter using a GaN power device that can improve the overall running efficiency. We will also discuss the technological advances in motors & inverters and batteries over the last 30 years. The evolution of solar cars is largely due to the evolution of semiconductors, including solar cells, and material technologies, but at the same time, we will explain examples of these technologies being first demonstrated in solar car race and then socially implemented

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36

Hnatov, A., and Shch Arhun. "ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWER STATION SCHEMES ON PHOTOELECTRIC MODULES FOR ELECTRIC CARS CHARGING STATIONS." Automobile Transport, no. 41 (December 4, 2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/at.2219-8342.2017.41.0.163.

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37

Sunardi, Julfansyah Margolang, Bobby Noval Pratama, Albert Panjaitan, Marzuki Sinambela, and Liber Tommy Hutabarat. "Simple designed of charge controller based on microcontroller for caddy cars using solar panels." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 725 (January 21, 2020): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/725/1/012052.

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38

Palucka, Tim. "The 3 GW Initiative." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 4 (April 2008): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.75.

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California continues its tradition of leading the United States in environmental stewardship through the California Solar Initiative (CSI), a $3.3 billion program established in January 2006. The goal is to generate 3 GW of electricity by 2017 through photovoltaic methods by installing solar cells on the roofs of existing and new residential and commercial buildings (see Figure 1). CSI will “reduce our output of greenhouse gases by 3 million tons,” California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said in a speech given in October 2006. “That is equivalent to taking one million cars off the road.”

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39

Prokopenko, Olha, Marina Järvis, Gunnar Prause, Inna Kara, Hanna Kyrychenko, Oleksandr Kochubei, and Maryna Prokopenko. "Economic Features of the Use of Electric Vehicles in Delivery Services in Estonia." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13617.

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The article is devoted to substantiating the prospects and advantages of developing a small business specializing in the delivery of lightweight cargo in Tallinn during the Covid-19 pandemic. It was justified why such a business should not only be cost effective but also comply with the general principles of sustainable development and be socially responsible. Particular attention in the article is paid to identifying possible alternative strategies for forming the vehicle park of such a company. Analytically (based on the latest data from the auto producer; car, energy and fuel markets, as well as a company specializing in the construction of turnkey solar power plants), it has been proven that a mixed park, which is consists of gasoline cars and plug-in hybrids is the most a flexible solution requiring an investment exclusively in moving property. At the same time, it was shown that if a company has territorial capabilities to accommodate a sufficient number of solar panels and is ready to organize a business with a smaller park of cars, then the choice of electric ones becomes obvious.

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40

Steinfeld, A., R. Bombach, P. Haueter, B. Hemmerling, W. Kreutner, G. Thompson, and D. Wuillemin. "Experimental Setup of a Laser Diagnostics System for a High-Temperature Solar Receiver/Reactor." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930083.

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A solar receiver/reactor has been designed specifically to study high-temperature gas phase chemical reactions using a laser based metrology. It is a cavity-type receiver, lined with stabilized ZrO2, and operated at temperatures up to 2000 K. The gas temperature is measured in situ using the coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) of N2. Optical access for the CARS measurement is accomplished via two side windows, each subtending a 118-mrad cone angle at the center of the cavity, providing enough clearance for the input laser beams and the output signal carrying the temperature information. Two endothermic processes were used for the initial evaluation of this method: the NH3 dissociation into N2 and H2, and the CO2-reforming of CH4 into synthesis gas. The process flow was directly exposed to high solar fluxes in addition to infrared radiation emitted by the hot reactor walls. The laser-based metrology performed satisfactorily in spite of the presence of the intense radiation field. This paper describes in detail the technical aspects of the experimental setup, presents examples of spectra and temperature measurements, and discusses practical problems encountered during experimentation.

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41

Wei, Chun Li. "Five DOF Pneumatic Vehicle Vibration Model and Stability Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 739 (August 2013): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.739.476.

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This paper analyzes the object vane motor and composite solar energy environmentally friendly cars , focusing on its air motor drive way , abstracted into five degrees of freedom vibration model vehicle , mathematical modeling , its stability and reliability analysis of research , and to optimize its speed and acceleration , and proved its stability and reliability of data through a lot of practice .

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42

Popowicz, Adam, and Valeri Orlov. "SUTO-Solar Through-Turbulence Open Image Dataset." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 7902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207902.

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Imaging through turbulence has been the subject of many research papers in a variety of fields, including defence, astronomy, earth observations, and medicine. The main goal of such research is usually to recover the original, undisturbed image, in which the impact of spatially dependent blurring induced by the phase modulation of the light wavefront is removed. The number of turbulence-disturbed image databases available online is small, and the datasets usually contain repeating types of ground objects (cars, buildings, ships, chessboard patterns). In this article, we present a database of solar images in widely varying turbulence conditions obtained from the SUTO-Solar patrol station recorded over a period of more than a year. The dataset contains image sequences of distinctive yet randomly selected fragments of the solar chromosphere and photosphere. Reference images have been provided with the data using computationally intensive image recovery with the latest multiframe blind deconvolution technique, which is widely accepted in solar imaging. The presented dataset will be extended in the next few years as new image sequences are routinely acquired each sunny day at the SUTO-Solar station.

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43

Ramshanker, Abinands, Suprava Chakraborty, Devaraj Elangovan, Hossam Kotb, Kareem M. Aboras, Nimay Chandra Giri, and Ephraim Bonah Agyekum. "CO2 Emission Analysis for Different Types of Electric Vehicles When Charged from Floating Solar Photovoltaic Systems." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 12552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412552.

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Renewable energy and electric vehicle technology are the two pillars for achieving a sustainable future. Floating solar power plants use PV modules on water infrastructure to save the land and increase module efficiency. Furthermore, the reduction in evaporation saves water. Electric vehicles are one of the fastest-growing markets and the most successful technologies to combat the problem of energy and climate change. This research aims to construct a floating PV system on the lake of the Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), to analyze electric vehicle performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when charged using the installed floating PV system. To address this, a 1.5 MWP floating PV system was simulated and analyzed using Helioscope software. When charged from the proposed floating PV plant, electric bikes, scooters, and cars saved CO2 emissions. When charged from a floating PV, E-bike, E-scooter, and E-car Net CO2 emissions became zero in 25.5, 12.1, and 7.7 months, respectively. After the aforementioned time periods, all three electric vehicle types were zero-emission vehicles. The required charge for all three types of vehicles (1,000,000 km) was analyzed using a floating PV system. E-bike, E-scooter, and E-car CO2 emission savings were −8,516,000 g/kWh, −328,000 g/kWh, and 525,600,000 g/kWh, respectively. All three types of electric vehicles can reduce CO2 emissions for nations that rely on renewable energy, but only electric cars save carbon emissions over fixed distances. Through this research, we finally conclude that electric cars reduce CO2 emissions the most compared to other electric vehicles.

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44

Wu, Dongsheng, Zhiheng Chen, Jianhong Weng, Nanshan Feng, and Xiaoyun Yuan. "Design and Experimental Research on Active Safety Protection System for Staying in Solar Children Cars." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 394 (August 8, 2018): 042023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/394/4/042023.

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45

Chen, Hong. "Design of a small logistics robot system based on solar energy." E3S Web of Conferences 204 (2020): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020402001.

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In recent years, with the rise of various take-out and express companies, small-scale logistics such as take-out has become an important part of people’s daily life, and riders shuttle between major campuses and communities, generating energy from the distribution of battery cars and motorcycles. Consumption, exhaust pollution, and campus traffic accidents. In response to this situation, this paper designs and implements a small solar-based logistics robot, hoping to make campus takeaway delivery more energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, safer, smarter and more efficient.

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46

Syahindra, Kianda Dhipatya, Samsul Ma’arif, Aditya Anindito Widayat, Ahmad Fakhrul Fauzi, and Eko Adhi Setiawan. "Solar PV System Performance Ratio Evaluation for Electric Vehicles Charging Stations in Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Areas." E3S Web of Conferences 231 (2021): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123102002.

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Transit Oriented Development (TOD) areas are locations that have limited land area. Solar PV systems are planned to be installed in these areas to support electric vehicles such as e-scooters, electric cars, motorcycles, and buses. However, solar PV systems in general require a large land area. The purpose of this paper is to find out and compare the Performance Ratios (PR) of a solar PV system installed on the rooftop with a floating solar PV system installed on the lake to determine which solar PV system fits better for TOD areas. PR analysis uses two methods, PVSyst software simulation and is validated using mathematical calculations. The result of the PR of floating solar PV is 76.39% using PVSyst simulation and 80.24% using mathematical calculation. Meanwhile, the PR of rooftop solar PV is 82.69% using PVSyst simulation and 73.41% using mathematical calculation. The significant factors that influence PR value are the energy produced by the solar PV system, its losses, and albedo value of the reflector surface for bifacial solar PV. Albedo value has to be maximized in order to obtain a higher performance ratio value. Based on this study, both rooftop and floating PV systems are equally suitable for TOD areas.

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47

Marańda, Witold. "Using Solar Energy for Charging Electric Vehicles in Poland – a case study." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400107.

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The recent advancements in the fields of electric propulsion and battery technology have made possible the implementation of all-electric transport within the coming decades. However, the widespread use of electric cars could seriously threaten the existing capabilities of energy generation and the load of the utility grid. This work investigates the use of solar energy for producing energy for transportation locally, using energy buffering and minimizing grid energy transfers. A case-study of an electric car and dedicated PV-system is investigated for the duration of a full year in Polish climatic conditions.

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48

Pavlovic, A., V. Mikhnych, M. Bertoldi, and C. Fragassa. "Investigating encapsulation design strategy of photovoltaic cells in the case of a solar race car." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1214, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1214/1/012042.

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Abstract The efficiency in converting solar energy into electricity is fundamental wherever photovoltaic panels are present, still more crucial in the design of racing solar vehicles. Even minimal reductions in conversion ratio, maintained for the long solar races, cause solar cars to lose race positions and competitiveness. Here we introduce a numerical-experimental study for choosing the best combination of materials to encapsulate cells in solar roofs. The tangible expectation is to improve the performance of the monocrystalline silicon cells used in our solar vehicle by maximizing heat dissipation to the environment. The operating temperature is in fact a determining factor for efficient conversion, with efficiency drops of the order of 5% every 10 °C. Different stratifications, some of which quite unusual in solar panel design, were compared by transient thermal simulations and experiments. Specifically, five alternatives were analyzed, varying in the presence and thickness of the encapsulation materials (ETFE, EVA and PET). The main scope of the work, however, was not choosing the best among several specific hypotheses, but the development of an accurate numerical model able to predict the behavior of the solar panel in conditions close to the expected ones. This model, in fact, has provided valuable help in optimizing the vehicle design by allowing to evaluate the effect of alternative materials and construction solutions in the cell’s construction housing structure.

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49

Nguyen, The Luong. "Effects of Using Nitrile Rubber Foam and Solar Panels on Cover for Cooling Outdoor Sparking Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 889 (March 2019): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.889.371.

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In the summer, the cars are exposed to strong sun when it is parked outdoor without the sunscreen, it has had accelerated the auto parts, interior aging and damage. In order to prevent that exposure, the solutions showed such as car awning, car sunshade and car sunscreen etc…, the above devices showed low effectivity for car sun protection. This paper will study effects of cooling system for outdoor sparking car using solar panels cover. A new covering car with multi-layers structure attaching flexible solar panels were designed to increase effectively sun protection, the nitrile rubber foam divided the light and heat radiation of the sun, the flexible solar panel converted solar energy into electric energy and supplied for the air conditioner to regulate inside car temperature. The results showed that, at nitrile rubber foam layer thickness of 4mm, the car maximum temperature of 41.5°C was observed for solar panel-awning-nitrile rubber cover which is much lower than it is exposed directly by sun radiation and commercial cover. The six solar panels (100W) were adapted on car cover, the solar electric energy supplied enough for a mini air conditioner of 340W. Performance of cooling system using solar panels was also investigated and it showed that the temperature inside car could be down to 24°C.

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50

Ahmed, Arif, and Tobias Massier. "Techno-Economic Comparison of Stationary Storage and Battery-Electric Buses for Mitigating Solar Intermittency." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020630.

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The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from power generation has led to more and more installation of renewable energies such as wind and solar power. However, the high intermittency of these generators poses a threat to electrical grid stability. The power output of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations, for instance, depends on the solar irradiance, and consequently on weather conditions. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of solar intermittency, storage such as batteries can be deployed. However, the cost of a stationary energy storage system (SESS) is high, particularly for large PV installations. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are an alternative to SESS. With increasing number of BEVs, more and more storage capacity becomes available while these vehicles are charging. In this paper, we compare stationary batteries to mobile batteries of battery electric buses (BEBs) in a public bus terminus for balancing fluctuations of solar PV installations. Public buses have been chosen due to their large batteries and because they are more easily manageable than private cars. An optimisation model has been developed considering both the bus operator’s and the PV operator’s objectives. Cycle ageing of batteries is included in the investigation. Our analysis reveals that utilising public BEBs with high battery capacity to balance solar PV fluctuations can present a positive financial case.

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