Tesis sobre el tema "Solution (chimie)"
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Dague, Etienne. "Physico-chimie des interfaces bactérie - solution aqueuse". Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0226_DAGUE.pdf.
Texto completoDague, Etienne Block Jean-Claude. "Physico-chimie des interfaces bactérie - solution aqueuse". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2006_0226_DAGUE.pdf.
Texto completoIvanov, Anton Andreevich. "Supramolecular association of metal clusters with cyclodextrins : from interactions in solution to the design of mixed systems clusters-polyoxometalates". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV095/document.
Texto completoIn this work, we report in first part the detailed study of the interaction of rhenium cluster complexes [{Re6Q8}(H2O)6]2+ and [{Re6Q8}(CN)6]4–/3– (Q = S, Se, Te) with cyclodextrins (α, β and γ). Upon dissolving the reagents in water and then evaporating the solution or diffusion of ethanol vapors into the solution, crystalline products were obtained which crystallized as fragments without the formation of host-guest compounds (α-CD and Q = Se, Te ) or inclusion compounds with weak interactions with the primary or secondary face of CD (β-CD and all complexes, γ-CD / α-CD and Q = S), or very tightly coupled inclusion compounds involving the secondary face of CD (γ- CD and Q = Se, Te), which was confirmed by XRD. Moreover, similar behavior was found in aqueous solutions using a wide range of methods such as NMR spectroscopy (both from the host and the guest side), ITC, mass spectrometry, etc. Also, it was demonstrated that the inclusion cyclodextrins strongly affects the properties of cluster complexes, especially redox and luminescent. All data obtained by solution methods lead to the identification of two main factors of interaction with the CD, namely: (1) size-matching of host and guest, (2) the chaotropic nature of the guest. The chaotropic effect (the water structure breaking) of the complexes makes a significant contribution to the formation of inclusion compounds, however, when size-matching is additionally observed, the interaction becomes even stronger. The chaotropic effect was also confirmed by studying two complexes with different charges. Thus, an increase in the chaotropic effect without changing the size of the complex led to an increase in the binding constants with γ-CD by approximately 1000 times.In the second part, we have demonstrated that the inclusion compounds of rhenium cluster complexes with cyclodextrin can be combined with other functional inorganic compounds - polyoxometalates. In such three-component systems, cyclodextrin plays the role of a binding agent. In the case of a logical combination of oppositely charged cationic cluster complexes and a Dawson-type anion, the system is mainly formed due to the strong bond between the POM and the CD, since cluster interacts very weakly with CD. On the other hand, ions of the same charge (anionic cluster and anionic POM) can also form three-component systems, which are mainly based on inclusion of cluster into CD. Moreover, inclusion compounds can participate in the formation of nanoscale supramolecular ensembles with a nano-wheel {Mo154}, which exist both in solid state and in aqueous solution.In the last part, it was demonstrated that, using the supramolecular approach, it is possible to stabilize molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes with low hydrolytic stability in aqueous solutions. For the first time, water-soluble Na2[{M6X8}Cl6] complexes (M = Mo, W, X = Br, I) were obtained and the kinetics of substitution of terminal ligands in water was studied in detail. Adding γ-CD to the system leads to the formation of strong inclusion compounds in a 1:2 ratio with the participation of the secondary face of cyclodextrin. Moreover, inclusion in γ-CD significantly reduces the rate of substitution of terminal ligands and allows us to obtain solutions that are stable for at least several months. The obtained compounds possess the best photophysical characteristics of luminescence in aqueous solutions among molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes. Also, inclusion in the CD allowed us to study for the first time the redox properties of complexes in water. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that such systems have the lowest cytotoxicity, which makes them promising for further studies for use in biology and medicine
Siffredi, Gérald. "Renaissance de la chimie de l'ion uranyle (UO2) 2+ en solution non aqueuse". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112284.
Texto completoThis work deals with new aspects of the chemistry of the uranyl(VI) ion {UO2}2+ in anhydrous polar organic solvents such as the activation of the reputedly inert U–Oyl bond and the controlled reduction of this species which represent a particularly active field of research that attracts much attention for both its fundamental aspects and applications. Treatment of uranyl(VI) compounds UO2X’2 (X’ = I, OTf, Cl) with Me3SiX (X = Cl, Br, I) reagents, in various anhydrous polar organic solvents, has been first considered. In most cases, reduction into tetravalent species with complete deoxygenation of the uranyl {UO2}2+ ion is observed. The reaction is particularly efficient in acetonitrile where the tetravalent [UX4(MeCN)4] complexes, which are useful precursors in uranium chemistry, are isolated. In the course of these reactions, the influence of the solvent, the nature of X’ and X in the UO2X’2 precursor and the Me3SiX reagent are pointed out. Reaction of the uranyl(VI) UO2X2 (X = I, Cl, OTf, NO3) precursors with the anionic MC5R5 (M = K, R = H, Me ; M = Li, R = Me ; M = Tl, R = H) reagents did not lead to the organometallic [(η5-C5R5)nUO2X2-n] species (n = 1, 2) but to pentavalent uranyl(V) complexes. This method is a facile and rapid route towards the formation of stable pentavalent uranyl which offers promising sources for further U(V) chemical developments and for fundamental and applied interests. Their structure is strongly dependent on the nature of the solvent, the additional ligands X and of the M+ cation. In pyridine, the {UO2(py)5}+ ion appears to be an ubiquitous and a quite stable entity. The coordinating properties of the basic oxo groups, which coordinate easily to M+ ions (M = Li, K, Tl), favour structural diversity with formation of heteropolymetallic complexes such as [{UO2(py)5}{MX(py)2}] (M = Li, X = I), [{UO2(py)5}{MX2(py)2}]∞ (M = K, Tl, X = OTf ; M = K, X = I), [{UO2(py)5}(M2X3)]∞ (M = Li, X = OTf) or [{UO2(py)5}2(M3X5)]∞ (M = K ; X = OTf). With precipitation of insoluble MX salt (TlI in pyridine for example), reactions give mononuclear species like [UO2(py)5][I]. Once again, the results presented here highlight the advantage of handling uranyl(VI) compounds in strictly anhydrous and deoxygenated media and further demonstrate that uranyl chemistry will witness novel developments under such experimental conditions
Martin, Sébastien. "Mécanismes de sorption et d'oxydoréduction à l'interface oxyde/solution : couplage chimie / transport". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S157.
Texto completoGiven the ubiquity of iron oxides in environmental settings, particularly goethite and hematite, the most stable forms, but also the proliferation of emerging contaminants, such as fluoroquinolones, in the environment, our goal was to study their reactivity and describe mechanisms of sorption and redox at oxide /solution interfaces in static batch) and hydrodynamic conditions (column) by coupling a macroscopic study (LC/MS, LC/UV) with a microscopic/molecular approach (vibrational spectroscopy and XPS) and mechanistic modeling (TPM and CD-MUSIC).. These works highlight the main mechanisms responsible of the transformation of organic molecules on iron oxide surfaces and thus provide valuable information necessary for the understanding of the fate of emerging contaminants in the environment
Solastiouk, Bernard. "Etude thermodynamique et cinétique du système chlore/acide cyanurique en solution aqueuse". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10087.
Texto completoChanéac, Corinne. "Chimie a l'interface oxyde-solution. Application a la synthese de materiaux magnetiques nanostructures". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066513.
Texto completoKosinski, Marek. "Contribution à l'étude de la chimie en solution du technetium à l'état d'oxydation (IV) /". Lausanne, 1992. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=1081.
Texto completoViguier, Romain. "Synthèse de nouveaux ligands polypodes : complexation des ions lanthanide en solution aqueuse". Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10277.
Texto completoMichel, Fabien. "Association cuivre-radical phénoxyle : chimie en solution et modèles bio-inspirés de la Galactose Oxydase". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10260.
Texto completoGALACTOSE OXIDASE IS AN EXTRACELLULAR COPPER-CONTAINING ENZYME THAT CATALYSES THE OXIDATION OF PRIMARY ALCOHOLS TO THEIR CORRESPONDING ALDEHYDES WITH CONCOMITANT REDUCTION OF MOLECULAR DIOXYGEN TO HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. ITS ACTIVE SITE CONTAINS A COPPER ATOM MAGNETICALLY COUPLED TO A TYROSYL RADICAL: THIS ORIGINAL ASSOCIATION ALLOWS THE STORAGE OF TWO OXIDAZING EQUIVALENT. With SYNTHETIC COPPER COMPLEXES, WE HAVE REPRODUCED THIS ASSOCIATION AND EXTENSED IT TO MORE COMPLEX STRUCTURES WHICH CAN CONTAIN THREE AND FOUR OXIDAZING EQUIVALENTS. FIRST, WE HAVE PREPARED THE PRECURSOR COPPER COMPLEXES FROM SEVERAL LIGANDS. THE PHENOXYL COPPER(II) COMPLEXES HAVE BEEN OBTAINED BY ONE- ELECTRON OXYDATION. OUR RESUTS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE LIGAND STRUCTURE INFLUENCES THE GEOMETRY ARROUND THE METAL CENTER AND ALSO THE STABILITY OF THE RADICAL SPECIES. IN A SECOND PART, WE HAVE INVESTIGATED THE SOLUTION CHEMISTRY OF THE LIGAND UNDER VARIOUS COPPER AND DIOXYGEN STATUS IN ORDER TO MIMIC AND UNDERSTAND THE MATURATION OF GALACTOSE OXIDASE ; 19 FLUORINE NMR SPECTROSCOPY PROVED TO BE A POWERFUL TOOL IN THIS STUDY : 19F LABELING HAS BEEN REALIZED BY INCORPORATED A F ATOM IN A QUINOLIN OR A F ATOM AND A CF3 GROUP IN A PHENOL. IN THE LAST PART, THE SYNTHESIS OF BIO-INSPIRED COMPLEXES WHICH CAN CONTAIN THREE AND FOUR OXIDAZING EQUIVALENT HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED: THE FIRST BRIDGING PHENOXYL COPPER COMPLEXES HAVE BEEN OBTAINED AND CHARACTERIZED
Hoccart, Xavier. "Dynamique vibrationnelle et orientationnelle de l'urée en solution aqueuse par spectroscopie Raman". Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10086.
Texto completoFroideval, Annick. "Chimie de l'uranium (VI) à l'interface solution/minéraux (quartz et hydroxyde d'aluminium) : expériences et caractérisations spectroscopiques". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00390927.
Texto completoYim, Anne-Marie. "Réactivité des "alpha, bêta"-déhydroaminoacides : additions radicalaires en solution et sur support solide". Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20072.
Texto completoBoscher, Aurore. "Photodégradation du pyrène en solution aqueuse et en phase adsorbée". Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS003.
Texto completoPaths (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) are persistent organic pollutants and are ubiquitous in the environment. In this study, we focused our intention on the photochemical behaviour of preen, which is chosen as model molecule of PAH, in solution and adsorbed on minerals supports and lakeside sediments. Kinetics studies at 254 nm performed in salve not with different polarity has Shawn that the degradation of quantum yield "PHI"deg is proportion al at the solvent polarity. This observation indicates that the primary degradation mechanism is ionic. However, "PHI"deg is inversely proportional at the concentration of dissolved oxygen. Analysis performed by laser flash photolysis confirmed the formation of intermediates such as pyrene radical cation (py° +) and the triplet state of pyrene (3Py). In this work, a primary mechanism was proposed which mainly involved the formation of the Pie. + Tram the singlet state (81), but as wail 3Py in absent of oxygen, the solvent, and the dissolved oxygen, which ages mainly as an inhibitor of the photo degradation of preen in organic solution. The irradiation of pyrene adsorbed on different supports, were carried out in a photochemical reactor. Equipped with a lamp, which simulate the solar spectrum. Two kinds of screen effects have been showed. One comes from the support itself and the other one comes from the photoproducts synthesised on the surface of support, for an adsorption of preen in multilayer. The best photo reactivity of pyrene is found on silica, with the formation of 1,6- 1,8- and 4,5-pyrenequinones. Moreover, different tests of acute toxicity with vibrio fishery have been tested on two mains quinines (1,6- and 1,8-pyrenequinone) formed in aqueous medium. These tests showed that the acute toxicity is not increased by the photo oxidation of pyrene
AGHLAL-HADDED, MALIKA. "Proprietes physicochimiques du nitrate d'ethylammonium fondu et de ses melanges avec l'eau a 298 k : comportement des electrolytes dilues dans ces milieux". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066283.
Texto completoJaoui, Mohammed Rogalski Marek. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés thermodynamiques des chlorophénols et des nitrophénols en solution aqueuse". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1998/Jaoui.Mohammed.SMZ982.pdf.
Texto completoHaxaire, Katia. "Conformation du hyaluronane et interactions en solution et à l'état solide". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10156.
Texto completoRiassetto, David. "Fonctionnalisation de surface par chimie douce en solution liquide : nanoparticules métalliques (platine, or, argent) et revêtements TiO2". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460932.
Texto completoLouërat, Frédéric Fort Yves Gros Philippe. "Métallation et fonctionnalisation sélectives des (pyridyl)pipérazines en solution et en phase supportée". S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0123_LOUERAT.pdf.
Texto completoAutillo, Matthieu. "Etude du paramagnétisme des actinides en solution". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS289.
Texto completoThe physiochemical properties of actinide (An) solutions are still difficult to explain, particularly the behavioral differences between An(III) and Ln(III). The study of actinide paramagnetic behavior may be a “simple” method to analyze the electronic properties of actinide elements and to obtain information on the ligand-actinide interaction. The objective of this PhD thesis is to understand the paramagnetic properties of these elements by magnetic susceptibility measurements and chemical shift studies.Studies on actinide electronic properties at various oxidation states in solution were carried out by magnetic susceptibility measurements in solution according to the Evans method. Unlike Ln(III) elements, there is no specific theory describing the magnetic properties of these ions in solution. To obtain accurate data, the influence of experimental measurement technique and radioactivity of these elements was analyzed. Then, to describe the electronic structure of their low-energy states, the experimental results were complemented with quantum chemical calculations from which the influence of the ligand field was studied. Finally, these interpretations were applied to better understand the variations in the magnetic properties of actinide cations in chloride and nitrate media.Information about ligand-actinide interactions may be determined from an NMR chemical shift study of actinide complexes. Indeed, modifications induced by a paramagnetic complex can be separated into two components. The first component, a Fermi contact contribution (δc) is related to the degree of covalency in coordination bonds with the actinide ions and the second, a dipolar contribution (δpc) is related to the structure of the complex. The paramagnetic induced shift can be used only if we can isolate these two terms. To achieve this study on actinide elements, we chose to work with the complexes of dipicolinic acid (DPA).Firstly, to characterize the geometrical parameters, a structural study (by monocrystal XRD and EXAFS) was performed on these complexes with the actinide cations at various oxidation states +III, +IV, +V et +VI. Secondly, various methods for separating the two contributions involving NMR spectroscopy were checked with Ln(III) complexes and applied to actinide elements. The paramagnetic induced shift associated with quantum chemical calculations allowed us to characterize the magnetic properties of these cations. Unlike studies on Ln(III) ions, the An(III) and An(IV) paramagnetic induced shifts suggest a major Fermi contact contribution (δc). On the contrary, for actinyle cations, the paramagnetic induced shifts on 1H NMR signals show no Fermi contact contribution (δc). This characteristic, related to the geometry of these ions, allowed for their magnetic properties to be accurately described. An application of these results to the study of complexes with the TEDGA ligand has been performed.It is apparent from this study that the additional information gained on the description of actinide paramagnetic behavior has led to an improved understanding of the physiochemical properties of these ions in solution
Noble, Olivier. "Les galactomannanes en solution aqueuse : conformation, interactions et gélification". Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10033.
Texto completoJaoui, Mohammed. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés thermodynamiques des chlorophénols et des nitrophénols en solution aqueuse". Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Jaoui.Mohammed.SMZ982.pdf.
Texto completoThe objective of the present work was to measure and to analyze thermodynamics properties of chlorophenols and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions. We were particularly interested in measurements of the aqueous solubility and the partition coefficients between an aqueous phase and: * a organic phase (liquid-liquid), * a solid phase (adsorption isotherms), * a micellar phase. We also investigated the influence of additives like NaCl, NaOH, HCI, N-hexadecyI-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propane- sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxy-ethylene-4-lauryl ether and tergitol on the solubility and the partition coefficients. During this work several experimental methds were developed: 1 - solubility measurements by: * a conductimetric method (original development), * a simple thermal analysis, * a visual static method. - determination of the octanol/water partition coefficient with a method based on the partitioning of the solute between stationary phase and mobile phase in the high performance liquid chromatography process. * - measurement of the solubility and partition in presence of additives : In this case we used a method based on phase transition detection with light transmission technique. - determination of adsorption isotherms by the frontal analysis chromatography. AIl our results were analyzed in terms of the appropriate physico-chemical and thermodynamic models. All experimental data measured in this work and some complementary data from the literature were used to obtain the NRTL and UNIQUAC parameters of binary systems water + phenol, water + 2-chlorophenol, water + 3-chlorophenol, water + 4-chlorophenol, water + 2,4-dichlorophenol and water + 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. We also established significant correlations to modeling the partition coeficients of the investigated compunds
De, jesus almeida freitas Alexy. "Synthèse de nanoparticules cristallines en solution : rôle des états transitoires". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX003/document.
Texto completoSoft chemistry is attractive thanks to its easy implementation. However, the related phenomena are poorly understood to this day. Usually, crystal size and their nucleation rate are described using classical nucleation theories. By construction, they neglect (i) any potential intermediate state (ii) any consideration of microstructure. In addition, the nucleation rates measured are in disagreement with the prediction, by a factor of at least 1010. Taking into account the intermediate states and investigate their impact on the structure (not only the size) should be a good way to improve crystallisation theories.The characterisation of those intermediate states remains challenging : they are labile, nanometer-sized, and are formed in less than a second. To address our problem, europium-doped yttrium vanadate (YVO4:Eu) is an excellent candidate : it is microstructured and its crystallisation - polycrystalline or monocrystalline depending on the pH – occurs via an amorphous intermediate state.Our work precises the different microstructures observed. We then measure three different nucleation rates in situ X-ray scattering, with different degrees of polycristallinity associated. We propose a simple model predicting the poly/monocrystallinity from the competition between nucleation and crystal growth and the following new idea : the amorphous precipitate confines the reaction. In addition to this role, it also serves as reactor (contains 80% of the reactants) and as template (as it sets the particles’ final size). All three amorphous are structurally similar, its structure alone cannot explain the differences in structural kinetics we observe. We thus focus on chemical processes in play. In particular, we demonstrate that the reaction kinetics depends mainly on the number of hydroxyl ions engaged in the amorphous network.The methods and concepts developed here are independant on the chemical system used, and it is highly probable that they will prove valid for other compounds : other oxide nanoparticles, or crystals in general
Teyssandier, Joan. "Elaboration de réseaux supramoléculaires nanoporeux sur Au(111) par voie de solution : croissance dirigée et propriétés de nano-objets moléculaires et métalliques invités". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077218.
Texto completoSurface nanostructuration at ultimate nanometric scale (0. 5 nm - 10 nm) requires new approaches to overcome current limitations of top-down processes such as lithography. An alternative way consists in using a host template, elaborated by a bottom-up approach, to direct the growth of nanostructures. Towards this goal» H-bonded nanoporous networks turn out to be robust enough to host various molecular and metallic guests, Several porous suprarnolecular networks have thus been elaborated using a solution-based protocol (Le, without using ultra-high vacuum). Pore size has been controlled through the design of molecular building blocks. Their structures have been revealed by STM and intermolecuiar interactions have been studied by infrared spectroscopy. These experimental characterizations have been coupled with theoretical calculations. Subsequently, various guest entities have been deposited in the pores, giving rise to networks of functional nanostructures. The confinement of an electroactive molecule (juglonethiol) permitted to highlight size-dependent electrochemical properties of molecular domains on the whole sample surface, Moreover, silver deposition in the network led to the creation of islands having plasmonic resonances generating enhanced Raman spectra (SERS)
Zouaghi, Razika. "Etude de la transformation photocatalytique de deux herbicides de la famille des phénylures (linuron et monolinuron) en solution aqueuse". Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS043.
Texto completoThe aim of this study has been focused on the evaluation of the effectiveness of photocatalyst treatment and the potentialities of the combination photocatalysis/ultrasound in presence of TiO2, under simulated solar irradiation, for the elimination of the organic polluants in aqueous medium. The kinetic study of the photocatalytic, sonolytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation of two herbicides: linuron and monolinuron has showed that their elimination has been very effective by these two advanced oxidation processes. Thus, these two herbicides which are different by the number of chlorine on the aromatic ring, present a similar reactivity towards the used processes. The photocatalytic process is considerably affected by experimental parameters such as: [TiO2], [MLN], photonic flux, pH and nature of the catalyst. The method of experimental design has allowed to modelling the pseudo- first order kinetic constant of monolinuron in term of certain parameters according to a second order polynomial model permitting to quantify the influence of each parameter on the kinetic constant of the substrate and to reveal consequently the possible interactions between those parameters. The ultrasound at 800 kHz is more efficient than those at 20 kHz for the elimination of the organic compounds. The sonochemical activity depends on the frequency and also on the ultrasound power. However, the presence of the particles in solution during the ultrasonic irradiation improves the efficiency of the process at 20 kHz, by acting as a cavitation germ. For their simultaneous use, we have observed an enhancement of degradation at 20 kHz only. And high frequency at 800 kHz inhibits greatly the photocatalysis. Finally, the presence of the scavengers (ions bicarbonate or tert-butanol) inhibits the photocatalysis and sonolysis, indicating thus the predominance of the oxidation by radical way
The fire safety level assessment for buildings is now necessary in order to be able to satisfy given requirements for new or refurbished buildings. One of the main missions of the Fire Safety Department of CSTB (Scientific and Technical Center for Building in France) is to help to the choice of methodologies and tools for evaluation and improvement of fire safety for existing buildings. Our study aims to develop the means to help building managers in fire risk diagnosis and decision making for the protection of buildings and their occupants (maintenance, repair, reinforcement, demolition). This work is integrated within the framework of the National ISI (Engineering of Fire protection) Project (PN ISI). We are members with the CSTB ( which supports this research, of PN ISI. The diagnosis proposes a fire risk evaluation of buildings with respect to the different possible damage: people, property, structure, and environment. Then, our methodology is able to provide a choice between various proposals for fire safety improvement, and to distribute a budget allocated to safety. Our study is carried out on various kinds of buildings, excluding industrial buildings where dangers are too specific. It should also provide a structured approach in order to obtain an efficient communication with safety commissions and other concerned players. Our fire risk assessment method for helping building inspectors or engineers to reach a given safety level in a building is based on the use of Petri nets and simplified evaluation models of physical parameters related to fire (temperature, height without smoke). Evaluation of injury to people and damage to the building is obtained through probabilistic simulations developed from danger events identified by experts. Various safety improvement actions can be simulated and compared in order to retain the most effective one. Specific examples are given and an analysis of the most important points to develop in the future is provided
Champion, J. "Exploration du caractère métallique de l'astate en solution aqueuse". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450909.
Texto completoDuarte, William. "Composés de type La2Zr2O7 élaborés par projection plasma de solution et par chimie douce : application aux moteurs spatiaux". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0083/document.
Texto completoThese work deal with the conception of La2Zr2O7 coatings by Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying (SPPS) for thermal barrier application in space engine. Different precursors’ solutions of various solvents were prepared for powder synthesis and the realization of different coatings. Precursors and solvents have important effect on interactions in solution leading to the modification of powder properties, especially crystalline phases or densification. Similarly the diversity of studied solutions and the optimisation of thermal projection parameters allowed the elaboration of various coatings’ microstructures (dense, homogeneous porous and columnar). Columnar microstructure show better resistance to thermal cycling shock experiment than others coatings. It was also established a correlation between the SPPS coatings and powders structural data
Gagnon, Maxime. "Stratégie analytique pour la résolution de problématiques reliées à la présence de fondant dans une solution préparée par fusion". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34945.
Texto completoMicrowave induction plasma (MIP) is one of the most promising techniques because of its many advantages and its ease of use for determining metals, including those relevant to the mining industry. However, the introduction of solid samples requires complete or partial dissolution. Numerous comparative studies have been published concerning these dissolution modes for various analytes. For matrices and refractory elements, the alkaline fusion generally allows a fast and complete dissolution. Nevertheless, fusion solubilization has some limitations in connection with the measurement of metals. The main one being that once the sample melts in the acid, the salt load from the flux is very high in the resulting solution, which greatly affects the ionization performance of the plasma. Considering the emergence of MIP type instrumentation in traditional areas of fusion applications, the presence of easily ionizable species (EIS) in a lower temperature plasma can result in an important analytical bias. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reduce the salt load of melt-dissolved samples prior to introduction into the analysis system to minimize labor costs and the time required for maintenance instrumentation while improving analytical performance. This will be done using analytical approaches based on chromatographic separation principles. Initially, the elution profiles of various elements of interest will be studied and analyzed by ICP-AES. Subsequently, the parameters of the methods developed will be optimized and validated using a certified reference material (CRM). Finally, several analytical parameters, including the detection limits (DL) and the quantification limits (QL) of the methods developed, will be determined by MIP-AES
Blondeau, Valérie. "Pression oncotique des solutions de remplissage vasculaire". Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P143.
Texto completoArboré, Amélie. "Hétérocycloadditions [4+2] asymétriques de N-sulfinylimines et de sulfinylméthyloxadiènes en solution et sur support solide". Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1027.pdf.
Texto completoThis work is divided in two main parts which both deal with the use of sulfoxides as chiral auxiliaries in [4+2] heterocycloaddition reactions. The first part is devoted to the synthesis of N-sulfinylimines and their reactivity in normal electron demand heterocycloaddition. One of these compounds, the ethyl (Ss)-(+)-(ptoluenesulfinyl)iminoacetate, proved to be an excellent dienophile towards cyclopentadiene. The cycloaddition occured without a catalyst at room temperature, with a high exo selectivity and a significant facial induction. More over, this reaction led to a nitrogen bicyclic adduct of valuable structure. The work described in the second part has contributed to the development of the synthetic potential of 2-sulfinylmethyloxadienes in organic synthesis, in studying their reactivity as new chiral heterodienes in inverse electron demand [4+2] heterocycloadditions. Indeed, these compounds displayed a good reactivity towards various vinyl ethers and sulfides under Zn12 catalysis, leading to original dihydropyranic adducts in proper yields, with high endo selectivity and satisfactory facial diastereoselectivity. Then, functional modifications of the adducts, via a [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement key-step, provided efficient access to diastereopure 2,3-dideoxy-3 -alkyl-glycosides. Furthermore, this methodology was successfully adapted to solid phase conditions by the use of an original supported vinyl ether. Other heterodienes, such as 3,y-ethylenic aketoesters, were also used with good results and, finally, this study clearly showed the posibility to generate structural and functional diversity
Nourtier-Mazauric, Elise. "Modélisation géochimique et numérique des interactions entre des solutions solides et une solution aqueuse. Extension du logiciel de réaction-transport Archimède et application à la diagenèse des réservoirs". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00088991.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a thermodynamic and kinetic model of interactions between a fluid and ideal solid solutions represented by several end-members. The reaction between a solid solution and the aqueous solution results from the competition between the stoechiometric dissolution of the initial solid solution and the initial solid solution and the coprecipitation of the least soluble solid solution in the fluid at considered time. This model was implemented in archimede, a computer code of reactive transport in porous media, then applied to various examples. In the case of binary solid solutions, a graphical method allowed to determine the compositions of the precipitating solid solutions, by means of the end-member chemical potentials. The obtained program could be used to notably model the diagenesis of clayey or carbonated oil reservoirs, or the ground pollutant dispersion
Dupont-Gervais, Annick. "Etude de supermolecules par spectrometrie de masse en mode d'ionisation electrospray. Suivi de la formation d'edifices supramoleculaires en solution". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13062.
Texto completoGullino, Sophie. "Etude des doubles-films de mouillage de décane/solution saline sur substrat de quartz". Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2375.
Texto completoTricard, Simon. "Greffage sur surfaces inorganiques d’objets magnétiques nanométriques de réseaux de coordination à ponts cyanures : croissance séquentielle et dépôt en solution". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112143.
Texto completoCyanide bridged coordination networks show various physical properties at the bulk state, I, particular magnetic and photomagnetic properties. On the other hand, the surface chemistry field has benefited from a significant development since the appearance of microscopes enabling the observation of nanometric objets. The aim of this work is to graft on inorganic surfaces magnetic cyanide bridged coordination objects, in a controlled way at the nanometric scale in order to integrate them in more complexes devices. For this purpose a sequential growth of the networks can be performed directly on the functionalized surfaces, it is also possible to graft nanoparticles already formed in solution. First molecular magnetism notions are presented, as well as the physical properties of some bulk cyanide bridged coordination networks and studies of shaping at the nanometric scale. Next, the sequential growth of Prussian blue analogues NiIIFeII and NiIICrIII on functionalized silicon is addressed, then that of the CuIIMoIV network on silicon, on gold and on platinum. Two strategies are then presented to obtain isolated objects : the sequential growth on diluted anchoring points and the deposit of nanoparticles in solution. Finally, an organization of the coordination objects has been realized by sequential growth on a hexagonal network of platinum dots on silicon. Some tests prior to the sequential growth have been done with a molecular network on graphite
Ezzahar, Samira. "Electro-extraction des cations en solution diluée par l'association de membranes et textiles échangeurs d'ions". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20272.
Texto completoIndrianjafy, Georges Martial. "Etude sur sytèmes modèles des phénomènes transitoires de corrosion localisée des métaux passivables en solution : perturbation de l'état passif par interaction laser-materiau". Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS010.
Texto completoPilet, Guillaume. "Cristallochimie des clusters octaédriques de rhénium : synthèses haute température et élaboration en solution de nouveaux composés hybrides à base de briques moléculaires Re6L14". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10073.
Texto completoChapon, David. "Coordination des éléments 4f et 5f par des ligands cyclohexaniques polyfonctionnels : Complexes homo- et hétérotrinucléaires en solution". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10133.
Texto completoBadie, Jérôme. "Réduction de l'iodure d'argent en solution aqueuse : application à la séparation poussée de l'iode lors du traitement des combustibles nucléaires usés". Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30005.
Texto completoSilver iodide is a key-compound in nuclear chemistry either in accidental conditions or during the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. In french reprocessing plants, iodine is trapped in the dissolver off-gas treatment unit by scrubbing with a caustic soda solution and by chemisorption on mineral porous traps impregnated with silver nitrate, leading to the production of silver iodide and silver iodate. Enhanced separation policy would make necessary to recover iodine from the filters by silver iodide dissolution during a reducing treatment. For this purpose, ascorbic acid and hydroxylamine were used
Thomas, Fabien. "Mécanismes de rétention à l'interface alumine-solution aqueuse". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10444.
Texto completoNardi, Frederico. "Etudes par dynamique moléculaire et spectroscopie RMN de la structure locale des petits peptides en solution aqueuse mettant en jeu des résidus aromatiques". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10089.
Texto completoBOURG, STEPHANE. "Spectroscopie de rmn en solution : aspects quantitatifs et outils d'aide a l'analyse des spectres (doctorat : chimie organique des substances naturelles)". Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIMP213.
Texto completoAndré, Christine. "Transport de Np(V) en milieu poreux argileux : étude du couplage entre la chimie en solution, la sorption et l'écoulement". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL082N.
Texto completoBrusselle, Damien. "Auto-assemblage de métallacarboranes en solution aqueuse : un nouveau type de tensioactif". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20094/document.
Texto completoMetallacarboranes are anionic clusters composed of boron, carbon and hydrogen with a metallic cation sandwiched at the heart of this cluster (Co3+ in general) and highly stable in thermic and chemical point of view. These entities are trivially represented by the Greek letter "theta" where the poles are considered hydrophobic and have a negative charge delocalized and counter-balanced by an acidic proton. This high stability as well as the various properties gives a particular interest in applications such as the co-extraction of Cs and Sr in nuclear waste or in medicine for their ability to inhibit HIV protease by its hydrogen bonds. The chemistry of boron is relatively rich; a synthesis of some derivatives was performed in laboratory. It is possible to substitute specifically hydrogen by iodine or chlorine atoms or change the metallic heart by other atom as Fe3+, respectively forming diiodo- COSAN (I2COSAN), dichloro-COSAN (Cl2COSAN) and ferrabisdicarbollide (FESAN) anions. Metallacarboranes are also considered as a new class of surfactant where a first study of their self-assembly has been performed. The results of one of them, cobaltabisdicarbollide or COSAN, have shown an effect at the surface tension and theses clusters formed spontaneously vesicles in dilute regime (from 0.5 mmol/L) and by Coulomb interactions, they form micelles at higher concentration (after 15 mmol/L). But they offer more surprise by the formation of lyotropic phases in aqueous solution. Indeed, these phases, clearly identified by X-ray scattering techniques and microscopy, showed temperature and concentration dependence where a phase diagram was established for the I2COSAN in particular. Therefore, the thesis is focused on the understanding of the phenomena controlling the aggregation of these curious compounds
Tremblay, Maxime. "Développement d'une séquence synthétique permettant la préparation de macrolactames à 14 membres en utilisant la chimie en phase solide à l'aide de modèles en solution". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Buscar texto completoCauet, Gilles. "Étude cinétique de la butyrylcholinestérase en solution et immobilisée en membrane artificielle : mise en évidence d'un site régulateur". Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPD009.
Texto completoChampeaux, Marina. "Obtention de nouveaux matériaux de basse dimensionalité par chimie douce : électrosynthèse pour la préparation de ternaires K/Cu/S et chimie en solution pour la synthèse de thiophosphates de métaux de transition". Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2004.
Texto completoThe thesis deals with the synthesis of new materials of low dimensionnality by " chimie douce ". The first chapter consists in a brief description of the synthetic routes we used. The second one describes the electrosynthesis of KCu7-xS4 phases and the solvothermal synthesis of silver and alkaline chalcogenides AxAgQy (A = K or Rb and Q = S or Te). Our goal was to solve the structure of KCu7-xS4 phases at low temperature to explain the anomalies in the resistivity, the thermal conductivity, the heat capacity and the thermoelectric power in such compounds. The third chapter lies in a study of the reactivity in solution of several thiophosphates as KMPS4 (M = Ni, Pd) and NaCr1-xInxP2S6. Moreover, metathesis reactions from KNiPS4 were carried out to determine the role played by the nature of the counter-cation on the anionic framework
Bour, Christophe. "Cyclocarbopalladations 4-exo-dig et 5-exo-dig : une solution expéditive vers la complexité moléculaire ?" Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/BOUR_Christophe_2006.pdf.
Texto completoZarhloul, Redouane. "Halogéno complexes du ruthénium : les complexes halogéno-nitrosyl, formation en solution aqueuse- structures-extraction". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10170.
Texto completoDuval, Sylvain. "Architectures moléculaires, supramoléculaires et étendues construites à partir des propriétés de coordination du fragment {Mo3S4} : synthèses, structures et propriétés en solution". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0034.
Texto completoStudy of the complex [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ reactivity towards the trivacant polyanion [AsW9O33]9- leads to the isolation of an architecture possessing supramolecular properties. This compound revel the existence of three coordination positions in which different cationic groups (Cu+, Ag+, AsOH2+, Pd2+ et Ni2+) can be inserted. Solution studies of these molecules by electronic spectroscopy and 183W NMR evidenced their dynamic behaviour involving a dissociation equilibrium. These complexes properties in solution are finally completed by electrochemical studies. In the second place, this work is oriented on the reactivity of the coordination compound [Mo3S4(HNTA)3]2-. In this complex, the availability of three carboxylates functions made this molecule ideal to build complex molecular systems. With the lanthanide cation La3+, extended phases build on carboxylate-La3+ interactions are obtained. The [Mo3S4(HNTA)3]2- complex is also use as a “template” agent in the polycondensation process of the hexaaquo cation [Mo2O2S2(H2O)6]2+. An octadecamolybdenum wheel has been isolated and characterized. RX diffraction studies display an outstanding supramolecular association. 1H NRM (1D, COSY, DOSY) experiments show that the supramolecular compound is maintained in aqueous solution. Finally, potential building blocks based on the cluster {Mo3S4}4+ coordinated to modified aminotriacétate ligands were structurally and physicochemically studied