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1
Choi, Chang Won. "Soybean mosaic virus-soybean interactions : molecular, biochemical, physiological, and immunological analysis of resistance responses of soybean to soybean mosaic virus /." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134858/.
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Qusus, Saba J. "Molecular Studies on Soybean Mosaic Virus-Soybean Interations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30328.
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In the U.S., soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is classified into seven strain groups, designated G1 to G7, based on their different responses on resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars. These responses are: symptomless or resistant (R), necrotic (N), and mosaic or susceptible (S). The gene-for-gene model has been proposed for SMV-soybean interactions. In the majority of cultivars, a single dominant gene, Rsv1, confers both the R and N responses. In the first part of this study, the coat protein (CP) genes of two SMV strains, G1 and G6 were isolated, cloned, and sequenced. Gene isolation was done by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on partially purified virus preparation without prior RNA extraction. Amplified products were blunt-end ligated into pNoTA/T7 vector and transformed into competent cells. Sequencing was performed in both directions on heat-denatured double-stranded plasmids. The predicted 265 amino acid sequence of the CP of G1 and G6 strains were 98.9% identical, with only two amino acid differences. Correlating the CP sequences of G1, G2, G6, and G7, with their virulence on resistant soybean cultivars indicated that the CP is not likely to be the R- and/or N-determinant in the SMV-soybean system. The second part of the study involved studying the pathogenesis of G1, G6, and G7 strains on inoculated leaves of R, N, and S soybean cultivars by leaf imprint immunoassay. Results indicated four types of reactions: i) susceptible, showing unrestricted replication and spread; ii) immune, where no virus was detected; iii) systemic spread, showing unrestricted replication but limited spread along the veins; and iv) restricted replication and spread, where infection was restricted to few foci along the veins. Results of this study indicated that Rsv1-mediated resistance is a multicomponent type of resistance that involves both inhibition of virus replication as well as cell-to-cell movement. The third part of the study aimed at investigating Rsv1-mediated resistance at the cellular level. For this purpose, an SMV-soybean protoplast system was developed. Protoplast isolation was based on a combined cellulase-pectolyase Y-23 digestion and metrizamide-sorbitol gradient purification protocol. Virus inoculation of protoplasts was facilitated by either polyethelene glycol (PEG) or poly-L-ornithine (PLO), and method of detection was by Western blotting using antiserum to whole virus. Inoculation by PEG was successful, but results were irreproducible because of the adverse effect of PEG on protoplast viability. Inoculation by PLO was inconclusive because of the high background from residual inoculum. Additional research is needed before a protoplast system can be used to study the mechanism of Rsv1 resistance to SMV at the cellular level.<br>Ph. D.
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Aslan, Hatice. "Using remote sensing in soybean breeding: estimating soybean grain yield and soybean cyst nematode populations." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18830.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Agronomy<br>William T. Schapaugh<br>Remote sensing technologies might serve as indirect selection tools to improve phenotyping to differentiate genotypes for yield in soybean breeding program as well as the assessment of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. The objective of these studies were to: i) investigate potential use of spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) and canopy temperature (CT) as screening tools for soybean grain yield in an elite, segregating population; ii) determine the most appropriate growth stage(s) to measure SRI’s for predicting grain yield; and iii) estimate SCN population density among and within soybean cultivars utilizing canopy spectral reflectance and canopy temperature. Experiment 1 was conducted at four environments (three irrigated and one rain-fed) in Manhattan, KS in 2012 and 2013. Each environment evaluated 48 F4- derived lines. In experiment 2, two SCN resistant cultivars and two susceptible cultivars were grown in three SCN infested field in Northeast KS, in 2012 and 2013. Initial (Pi) and final SCN soil population (Pf) densities were obtained. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that the green normalized vegetation index (GNDVI) was the best predictive index for yield compared to other SRI’s and differentiated genotype performance across a range of reproductive growth stages. CT did not differentiate genotypes across environments. In experiment 2, relationships between GNDVI, reflectance at single wavelengths (675 and 810 nm) and CT with Pf were not consistent across cultivars or environments. Sudden death syndrome (SDS) may have confounded the relationships between remote sensing data and Pf. Therefore, it would be difficult to assess SCN populations using remote sensing based on these results.
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Lu, Xin. "Soybean mosaic and stem canker in Iowa soybean fields." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Ma, Guorong. "Genetic analysis of soybean reactions to soybean mosaic virus." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40253.
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The soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] mosaic disease, caused by soybean mosaic virus (SMV), is one of the most important soybean diseases in many areas of the world. This research, conducted in four separate studies, was designed to identify and characterize new sources of genes for resistance to SMV and to investigate the interaction of soybean resistance genes and SMV strains.<br>Ph. D.
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Fayad, Amer C. "Interactions of soybean Rsv genes and Soybean mosaic virus." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11081.
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Soybean mosaic virus (SMV; Genus Potyvirus; Family Potyviridae) is one of the most widespread viruses in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Hutcheson, a cultivar developed in Virginia, is resistant to the common strains of SMV. However, new resistance-breaking (RB) isolates of SMV have emerged in natural infections to break the resistance of Hutcheson containing the Rsv1y allele. These RB isolates are SMV-G5 and G6-like based on the differential reactions on soybean cultivars with the Rsv1 locus, and are more G6-like based on the amino acid sequence of the coat protein (CP). The CP of the RB isolates is diverse at the amino and carboxy termini and highly conserved in the core region. RB isolates reduce the yield of susceptible cultivars and cause mottling of the seed coat. Dual infection of soybeans with SMV and BPMV increased the severity of symptoms, including plant stunting and SMV titer in comparison to single SMV inoculations. The reactions of Hutcheson and herbicide-tolerant Hutcheson RR were similar with or without herbicide application. Resistance to SMV is controlled by single dominant genes at three distinct loci, Rsv1, Rsv3 and Rsv4. The mechanisms of resistance at the Rsv3 and Rsv4 loci were investigated by tracking virus accumulation and movement over time using leaf immunoprints. The mechanisms of Rsv3 resistance include extreme resistance, hypersensitive response, or restriction to virus replication and movement, which are strain specific. The Rsv4 gene was found to function in a non-strain specific and non-necrotic manner. The mechanisms of Rsv4 resistance involve restricting both cell-to-cell and long distance movement of SMV. The Rsv1, Rsv3 and Rsv4 resistance genes exhibit a continuum of SMV-soybean interactions, and include complete susceptibility, local and systemic necrosis, restriction of virus movement (both cell-to-cell and long distance), reduction in virus accumulation, and extreme resistance with no detectable virus. Cultivars containing two genes for resistance, Rsv1 and Rsv3 or Rsv1 and Rsv4, were resistant to multiple strains of SMV tested and show great potential for gene pyramiding efforts to ensure a wider and more durable resistance to SMV in soybeans.<br>Ph. D.
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Gunduz, Irfan. "Genetic Analysis of Soybean Mosaic Virus Resistance in Soybean." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26439.
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This research was conducted to analyze the genetics of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) resistance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and to determine allelic relationships of SMV resistance genes and their interactions with SMV strain groups.
In the first part of this study, the inheritance of SMV resistance in OX670 and 'Harosoy' was studied to determine the source and identity of the resistance gene/genes in OX670. Other researchers reported that OX670 possesses a single gene at a locus independent of Rsv1 and assigned the gene symbol Rsv2. Rsv2 was presumably derived from the cultivar 'Raiden'. However, later work showed that Raiden contains a single resistance gene at the Rsv1 locus, raising the possibility that the resistance gene in OX670 was not from Raiden. Harosoy and its derivatives make up much of the remaining pedigree of OX670. Results from crosses of OX670 with susceptible cultivars indicate that it contains two independent genes for SMV resistance. One is allelic to the Rsv1 locus, expresses resistance to SMV-G1 and G7 and is derived from Raiden. The other is allelic to the Rsv3 locus, expresses resistance to SMV-G7 but susceptibility to SMV-G1 and is derived from Harosoy. Therefore the Rsv2 locus does not appear to exist in OX670 or its ancestors. The presence of Rsv1 and Rsv3 makes OX670 resistant to all SMV strains from G1 through G7.
The second study was conducted to investigate the inheritance and allelomorphic relationships of resistance gene(s) in 'Tousan 140' and 'Hourei', which were reported to carry single independent resistance genes when inoculated with the Japanese SMV strain C. Both of these lines exhibit resistance to strains SMV-G1 through G7. This inheritance study shows that Tousan 140 and Hourei each possess two resistance genes. One of the genes in Hourei confers resistance to SMV-G1 and G7 strains; the other gene confers susceptibility to SMV-G1 but resistance to SMV-G7. Allelism tests indicate that one of the genes in both Hourei and Tousan 140 is allelic to Rsv1, and the other is allelic to Rsv3. The two genes in Tousan 140 were separated into individual lines, R1 and R2. R1, most probably containing Rsv1, exhibited resistance to SMV-G1 through G3 but was susceptible to SMV-G5 through G7. Line R2, most likely possesses Rsv3 gene, was susceptible to SMV-G1 through G3 but resistant to SMV-G5 through G7. Therefore, presence of these two genes makes Tousan 140 resistant to SMV-G1 through G7.
The objective of the third study was to investigate inheritance and allelomorphic relationships of SMV resistance in PI88788. PI88788 exhibits resistance to SMV-G1 through G7. Genetic analysis of our data reveals that SMV resistance in PI88788 is conferred by a single gene at a locus tentatively labeled 'Rsv4'. Expression of this gene in the homozygous state decreased accumulation rate and prevented vascular movement of SMV. In the heterozygous state vascular movement of the SMV was delayed but not prevented.<br>Ph. D.
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Stewart, Ashley. "Molecular interactions among soybean aphids and aphid-resistant soybean." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574777162373585.
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Chen, Pengyin. "Genetics of reactions to soybean mosaic virus in soybean." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54781.
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The genetic interactions among 9 soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] cultivars and 6 strains of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) were investigated. The objectives were to identify genes and/or alleles conditioning resistant and necrotic reactions to SMV and to determine the genetic relationships among resistance genes from cultivars exhibiting differential responses to the SMV strains.
Seven SMV-resistant (R) cultivars (‘PI 486355’, ‘Suweon 97’, ‘PI 96983’, ‘Ogden’, ‘York’, ‘Marshall’, and ‘Kwanggyo’) were crossed in all combinations among each other and with susceptible (S) cultivars ‘Essex’ and ‘Lee 68’. F₂ populations and F₂-derived F₃ lines were inoculated in field with the SMV type strain Gl and in the greenhouse with the virulent strains G4, G5, G6, G7, and G7A.
All F₂ populations from R x S and necrotic (N) x S crosses having PI 96983, Ogden, York, Marshall, and Kwanggyo as either resistant or necrotic parents segregated 3R:1S and 3N:1S, respectively. F₂-derived F₃ progenies from R x S crosses exhibited an F₂ genotypic ratio of 1 homogeneous R : 2 segregating (3R:1S) : l homogeneous S. The results indicate that each of these five resistant parents has a single, dominant or partially dominant gene conditioning the resistant and necrotic reactions to SMV. No segregation for SMV reaction was evident in F₂ and F₃ generations from R x R, N x N, and S x S crosses among the five differential cultivars, indicating that the resistance genes in the five cultivars are alleles at a common locus. The alleles in PI 96983 and Ogden were previously labeled <i>Rsy</i> and <i>rsy<sup>t</sup></i>, respectively. Gene symbols, <i>Rsy<sup>y</sup></i>, <i>Rsy<sup>m</sup></i>, and <i>Rsy<sup>k</sup></i> are proposed for the resistance genes in York, Marshall, and Kwanggyo, respectively. It is also proposed that the gene symbol <i>rsy<sup>t</sup></i> be changed to <i>Rsy<sup>t</sup></i> to more accurately reflect its genetic relationship to the susceptible allele.
The R x S crosses with PI 486355 and Suweon 97 as resistant parents segregated 15R:1S in the F₂ and 7 (all R) : 4 (3R:1S) : 4 (15R:1S) : 1 (all S) in the F₃, indicating that each has two independent genes for resistance to SMV. The F₂ plants of PI 486355 x Suweon 97 showed no segregation for SMV reaction, suggesting that they have at least one gene in common. The crosses among all 7 resistant parents produced no susceptible segregates when inoculated with strain G1. It is concluded that the 7 resistant cultivars each have a gene or allele at the <i>Rsy</i> locus.
Data from the experiments furnished conclusive evidence that the necrotic reaction in segregating populations is highly associated with plants that are heterozygous for the resistance gene.<br>Ph. D.
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Meng, Jianye. "Genetic analysis of soybean aphid resistance gene in soybean K1621." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4599.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Genetics Interdepartmental Program-Agronomy<br>William T. Schapaugh Jr<br>The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has been one of the major pests of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in soybean-growing regions of North America since it was first reported in 2000. The objectives of this study were to screen for soybean aphid resistant genotypes, determine the inheritance of resistant genes, and map and validate the resistance gene in the moderate resistant genotype K1621 using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A mapping population of 150 F2:3 families from the cross between K1621 and susceptible genotype KS4202 were evaluated for aphid resistance. Phenotyping was conducted on the basis of total aphid number per plant 7 days following infestation with 4 aphids. Inheritance study indicated that one major dominant gene controls soybean aphid resistance in K1621. After SSR markers for polymorphism were screened between parents, a total of 133 polymorphic markers distributed across the soybean genome were used for genotyping. One quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling antibiotic resistance was found by using the composite interval mapping method. This QTL localized on chromosome 13 (linkage group F) between markers Sat_234 and S6814 and explained 54% of the phenotypic variation. The putative QTL was further validated by single marker analysis using an independent population derived from the cross of K1621 and Dowling. The locus for soybean aphid resistance in K1621 was named [Rag]_K1621. The markers identified and validated in this study could be useful for marker-assisted selection of [Rag]_K1621.
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Chandran, Predeesh. "Different sources of resistance in soybean against soybean aphid biotypes." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7061.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Entomology<br>John C. Reese<br>The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, arrived first to North America during the midst of 2000. It is a very fast spreading insect and causes a high yield loss of above 50% in most of the soybean growing tracts of United States. Another important economic threat is it’s ability to transmit some viruses to soybean. Studies to control this exotic pest started early during the year of its arrival. But a complete integrated pest management (IPM) approach that includes a combination of different control measures has yet to be completely developed. Host plant resistance is one component of integrated pest management and is more sustainable than any other control methods against this insect. In the first study, more than 80 genotypes were screened with two given aphid biotypes, biotype 1 and biotype 2. It was found that the genotypes that were earlier resistant to biotype 1 (K1639, K1642, K1613 K1621, Dowling and Jackson) were susceptible to the new biotype 2 with large populations developing on these genotypes. But we found three new Kansas genotypes that showed resistance only against biotype 1, but not against biotype 2. However, the two of the Michigan genotypes (E06902 and E07906-2) showed resistance to both biotype 1and biotype 2. In second study, the feeding behavior analyses of aphid biotypes were done using the EPG, Electrical penetration graph, technique for a recorded 9 hrs probing time. The resistant and susceptible genotypes show significant differences in their EPG parameters, especially for the sieve element duration in both biotypes. Most of the aphids reached sieve element phase (> 90%) in susceptible genotypes, but only few (<30%) were reached in resistant genotypes. But, no differences were found in any other probing phases between resistant and susceptible genotypes, except the number of potential drops (PDs) in biotype 2. Thus, it is concluded that resistance is largely associated with phloem tissues and there could be some biochemical, physical or morphological factors that affect the stylet penetration in aphids.
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Yue, Pin. "Genetics of resistance to Heterodera glycines races in two soybean plant introductions /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974705.
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Traiyongwanich, Suthijit. "The economics of marketing and processing identity preserved-soybeans /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9951129.
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Scanlan, Tracy Cottle. "A genotypic comparison of plasticity of root system development during soil drying in soybean (Glycine max (L.) merrill)." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5914.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 14, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Diaz-Montano, John. "Components of soybean resistance to the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/185.
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Gera, Tarun. "Tracking soybean mosaic virus movement in soybean by leaf impring immunoassay." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020606/.
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Bond, H. M. "Studies on the interaction between soybean agglutinin and components of soybean seeds." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355611.
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Griggs, Roland Stephen. "Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Soybean Nodules Promote Soybean Growth and Nitrogen Fixation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98790.
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Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soybean nodules convert atmospheric nitrogen to plant-available forms in exchange for carbon from the plant, but other non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria also reside in nodules, and their role in the nodule is not well understood. This study was conducted to determine the effect of three non-nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated from nodules on soybean, and we hypothesized these strains benefit soybean. A greenhouse study in which two cultivars of soybean (Asgrow AG46X6 and Pioneer P48A60X) were treated with three fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. strains (referred to in this study as Bullseye, Pancake, and Starfish) and an uninoculated control. Soybeans were harvested at two time points: the R2/R3 growth stage and the R6 growth stage. Following each harvest, measures of growth, yield, and nitrogen fixation were taken, and data were analyzed using two non-parametric, multivariate analyses: multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Both analyses showed soybeans of both cultivars treated with Pancake differed from controls following the first harvest but not the second. When analyzed individually, most metrics for growth, yield, and nitrogen fixation following the first harvest were not significantly different between Pancake and control treatments, but Pancake treatment means were still generally higher than controls. If metrics are considered collectively in conjunction with the results of the multivariate analyses, the results show Pancake generally increased soybean growth and nitrogen fixation. These findings support the hypothesis that non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria from nodules benefit plants, and such bacteria have the potential to serve as biofertilizers.<br>Master of Science in Life Sciences<br>Soybeans are one of the most commonly grown crops in the world, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria colonize the roots of soybeans and initiate the formation of spherical nodules attached to the roots. Inside the nodules, these bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to plant-available forms in exchange for sugar from the plant, and such bacteria reduce the need to add nitrogen fertilizer to agricultural fields. Other non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria also reside in nodules, but their role in the nodule is not well understood. If these bacteria benefit soybeans, they have the potential to serve as biofertilizers (microbial inoculants that promote plant growth). This study was conducted to determine whether non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from nodules benefit soybean. A greenhouse study in which two cultivars of soybean (Asgrow AG46X6 and Pioneer P48A60X) were grown in soil and were either left uninoculated or were inoculated with one of three strains of bacteria from the genus, Pseudomonas (referred to in this study as Bullseye, Pancake, and Starfish). Following harvest, measures of growth, yield, and nitrogen fixation were taken, and data showed the bacteria generally benefited the soybean plants. Although, these results showed the bacteria benefitted the plants, field trials and further testing in the greenhouse should be conducted before using these bacteria as commercial biofertilizers. Additionally, the effects of other non-nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria on soybeans should also be tested to identify other beneficial strains, and the cost of production should be compared to the potential gains of using such bacteria before they are developed into biofertilizers.
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White, Damien Scott. "Potential for improving the drought resistance of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) using the transpiration efficiency trait." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFM/09afmw583.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 134-145. The improvement of drought tolerance of commercial soybean varieties via indirect selection for transpiration efficiency (TE) in breeding programs was investigated. The extent and nature of variation for TE among soybean genotypes were established through glasshouse experiments under well watered conditions, and confirmed in the field under contrasting water stress conditions. The results suggest that increasing TE will be a beneficial strategy to improve soybean grain yield at the crop level, and a protocol developed suited to indirect selection for high TE soybean genotypes under a range of environments. This will have immediate application in the development of soybean varieties specifically adapted to the dryland production areas of the Australian sub-tropics.
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Galganov, Yvonne T. (Yvonne Tamara). "Subsurface irrigation of soybean." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70168.
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A field experiment was conducted on a homogeneous sandy soil and a layered soil of southern Quebec from 1988 to 1990. This was done in order to evaluate the yield response of indeterminate soybean to subsurface irrigation and to determine the performance of subsurface irrigation in a layered soil. It was found that indeterminate soybean varieties increase their yield by approximately 30% for two out of three years. Soybean are very sensitive to competition between themselves as well as with weeds. This sensitivity is increased during subsurface irrigation. Weeds were more prominent in the irrigated area. It was concluded that the soybean yields are functions of water table depth, percent weed and plant population density. The minimum allowable water table depth for soybean was found to be 45 cm. At a water table depth greater than 95 cm no yield response was observed.<br>Water table management is not only possible but very functional in the layered soils of southern Quebec. It was found that surplus water did not drain from the irrigated area until the water table anywhere in this area was 10 cm higher than the elevation of the overflow pipe in the control chamber. It was therefore concluded that a water table depth range of 10 cm should be included in the design of the water table control system to allow for the effects of rain.
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Hwang, Eun-Young. "Association analysis in soybean." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8745.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Schmitz, Peder. "Soybean Seeding Rate and Row Spacing Effects on Plant Establishment and Yield." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29226.
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North Dakota soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] management varies across the state, resulting in yield differences. Eight soybean seeding rates (starting at 197600 and increasing by 49400 live seed ha-1 increments) and row spacing (30 and 61 cm) were evaluated in 15 North Dakota environments in 2017-2018 to determine plant densities, seed yield, and plant loss, which were compared with soybean producer field data. Planting 30 cm row spacing yielded 183 kg ha-1 greater than 61 cm row spacing. On farm, maximum yields occurred at 414000 live seed ha-1 and final plant densities of 352000 plants ha-1. In research plots, 494000 live seed ha-1 had the highest yield. On farm, 8.9% plant loss occurred after plant establishment while research data observed 6.9% plant loss. North Dakota soybean producers should use narrow row spacing, use final plant density to estimate yields, and 444600 live seed ha-1 provided the highest net revenue.<br>North Central Soybean Research Program<br>North Dakota Soybean Council
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Brown, Sabrina L. "The effect of environment on seed composition of tofu and natto soybean cultivars." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4509.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 22, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Islam, Md Sariful Sleper D. A. "Molecular characterization of genetic resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean line SS97-6946." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6291.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb. 12, 2010 ). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dr. David A. Sleper, Thesis advisor Includes bibliographical references.
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Davis, Randal James. "The mean bean the biological, economic, and social consequences of soybean production within the Brazilian Amazon /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://165.236.235.140/lib/RDavis2009.pdf.
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Belt, Travis C. "In-field variation for soybean emergence and development /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421112.
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Tucker, Dominic M. "Mapping and Characterization of Phytophthora sojae and Soybean Mosaic Virus Resistance in Soybean." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79598.
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Phytophthora sojae, the causal organism of stem and root rot, and <i>Soybean mosaic virus</i> (SMV) cause two of the most highly destructive diseases of soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr). <i>P. sojae</i> can be managed either through deployment of race-specific resistance or through quantitative resistance termed partial resistance. In the current study, partial resistance to <i>P. sojae</i> was mapped in an interspecific recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of <i>Glycine max</i> by <i>Glycine soja</i>. One major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on molecular linkage group (MLG)-J (chromosome 16) and two minor QTL on MLG-I (chromosome 20) and -G (chromosome 18) were mapped using conventional molecular markers. Additionally, partial resistance to <i>P. sojae</i> was mapped in the same RIL population using single feature polymorphism (SFP) markers that further fine mapped the <i>P. sojae</i> QTL and identified potential candidate genes contributing to resistance. In a separate study, race-specific resistance was characterized in PI96983 discovering a potentially new allele of <i>Rps4</i> on MLG-G. Finally, using the newly available whole-genome shotgun sequence of soybean, <i>Rsv4</i> conferring resistance to strains of SMV known in the US, was localized to an approximately 100 kb region of sequence on chromosome 2 (MLG-D1B). Newly designed PCR-based markers permit for efficient selection of <i>Rsv4</i> by breeding programs. Identified candidate genes for <i>Rsv4</i> are discussed. Genomic resources developed in all of these studies provide breeders the tools necessary for developing durable resistance to both SMV and <i>P. sojae</i>.<br>Ph. D.
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Yang, Xiaoyu. "Response of soybean (Glycine max) to glyphosate and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488196781732518.
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Colantonio, Vincent. "ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE AND MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE BY SOYBEAN." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2090.
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Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, is the most devastating pathogen of soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr., causing over $1 billion in yield losses annually in the United States alone. Currently, planting of genetically resistant cultivars is the most commonly employed management strategy. Due to an overuse of genetic resistance derived from the soybean variety ‘PI 88788’, many populations of soybean cyst nematodes are becoming virulent on previously resistant cultivars, urging the understanding and discovery of alternative mechanisms of SCN resistance. In this study, we will delve into the history and epidemiology of Heterodera glycines, learn about the molecular etiology underlying SCN pathogenesis, begin to understand the mechanism of resistance by Peking-type soybeans, and look to discover a novel mechanism of resistance by establishment of a mutagenized population of the soybean variety ‘PI 567516C’.
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Hyten, David Lee. "Genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in wild soybean, landraces, ancestral, and elite soybean populations." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2441.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Natural Resource Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Da, Costa Vladimir Azevedo. "Management strategies to improve soybean yield in high pH soybean cyst nematode infested fields." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.
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Larson, Kim. "Evaluation of soybean inoculant products and techniques to address soybean nodulation problems in Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16303.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Agronomy<br>Kraig Roozeboom<br>Nitrogen fixation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum in soybean [Glycine max] is highly beneficial in soybean crop production. Nodulation issues have been encountered on fields new to growing soybeans in recent years in Kansas. The purpose of this research was to evaluate soybean nodulation performance under various situations and seed handling practices in order to educate producers on how to achieve reliable nodulation consistency in the field. The objectives of the study were to: 1) compare inoculant products using single and double rates and in combination with one another on fields with varying soybean history; 2) determine if there was a negative interaction between inoculant products and common seed treatments; and 3) discover the influence of inoculated seed storage conditions before planting on the rhizobia’s ability to successfully nodulate soybean roots. Field experiments were conducted on diverse Kansas sites in 2011 and 2012. Inoculant treatment and seed treatment interaction trials had ten and seven experimental sites respectively. Inoculated seed storage conditions were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment during the spring of 2013. All studies used a randomized complete block design with four replications. The Novozymes inoculant products generally provided superior nodulation performance over other company products in the study where soybean had not been in recent rotation with an average increase of 167% in nodule number verses the control. The combination of dry and liquid inoculant products provided a significant increase in root nodule number at five of the environments out of recent rotation with a 76% increase over single inoculant rates. Although there were early season nodulation differences between treatments in new soybean ground, these did not carry through to seed yield differences in the majority of research sites. Hot and dry summer conditions reduced yields, making detection of treatment differences difficult. There were no negative effects on nodulation performance with any of the seed treatments. Although soybean seed yield was 634 kg ha[superscript]-[superscript]1 greater for the Novozyme combination treatment compared to the check at one location in 2011, the control yielded as well or better than all other treatment/inoculant combinations, implying that yield differences were likely not related to inoculant treatments. At other sites, yield was not influenced by seed treatment and inoculant combinations. Results indicate that seed treatment formulations did not significantly impact bacterial inoculant product performance, soybean nodulation, or yield. Storage conditions had no effect on nodulation performance in the greenhouse study, likely due to survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the heat-treated growth medium.
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Kristipati, Sesha Sai Venkata. "Molecular Mapping Of A Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) Resistance Gene In Soybean (Glycine Max)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10009.
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Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the major virus disease reported all over the world in soybean crop. This disease causes reduction in the yield and quality of soybean crop. Three independent genes Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4, were found to provide host resistance in soybean. Rsv1 confers resistance to all but most virulant strains of SMV. Rsv1 has been mapped to soybean molecular linkage group (MLG) F by using molecular markers.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the location of Rsv3 gene on soybean map using molecular markers. The Rsv3 gene of soybean confers resistance to the most vurulent strains (G5-G7) of SMV. In order to map the gene, an F2 population was constructed from a cross between L29, an Rsv3 isoline of 'Williams', and 'Lee 68', a susceptible cultivar. Rsv3 genotypes of 183 F2 plants were determined by inoculating F2:3 progeny with the G7 strain of SMV.
A preliminary survey of two parental lines, near isogenic lines (NILs), and bulk segregants with 136 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers yielded 36 markers showing variation between the two parents. These polymorphic RFLP markers unable to provided any indication of linkage to Rsv3.
As an alternative strategy, amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) marker analysis of the two parental lines, NILs and bulk segregants was performed using 64 primer combinations. Initial breakthrough came in the form of AFLP primer combination of Eco+AAC/Mse+CTG exhibited polymorphism between NILs, bulk segregants, and two parental lines. This AFLP marker was isolated and cloned to convert it into a RFLP clone to further investigate the linkage to Rsv3 by F2 segregation analysis.
A mapping population constructed by crossing Glycine max x Glycine soja employed in determining the location AFLP-derived RFLP clone on soybean linkage map. This population has densely mapped molecular marker data that enabled determining the location of AFLP-derived RFLP clone ACR1 on soybean molecular linkage group (MLG) B2 between the markers pA516 and pA519.
This finding, made it easy to establish the linkage of markers pA519, pA516, and pA593 in L29 x Lee 68 population by F2 segregation analysis. The closest marker linked pA519, was 0.9 cM away from Rsv3. In another study Rsv4 is reported to be mapped to MLG D1b of soybean.
Results of this study are useful in marker-based selection (MAS), pyramiding viral resistance genes and in cloning the Rsv3 gene.<br>Master of Science
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Agyepong, Andoh-Baidoo Rosemarie. "SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE COMPOUND II INTERMEDIATE OF SOYBEAN PEROXIDASE FROM SOYBEAN SEED COATINGS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/20.
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Spectroscopic characterization of ferric soybean peroxidase with peroxides were studied to determine the ligand coordination and to characterize the structure of the heme active site and its intermediates (ferryl species). The lifetime, chemical reactivity and distinctive colors of the ferryl species (FeIV) formed during the oxidation of peroxidase (FeIII) by peroxides enabled structure, dynamics and reaction mechanisms to be studied. Resonance Raman spectroscopy was used as a means of characterizing the structure of the soybean peroxidase and its intermediates. Excitation in the Soret absorption band at 406.7nm with 2-5mW laser power was used for this study. Resonance Raman spectra in the 200 to 1700 cm-1 region were obtained for the soybean peroxidase. However, the focus of this study was on the vibrational region of the resonance Raman spectra from 900 to 500cm-1 where the FeIV=O stretching frequencies for heme compound II intermediates are expected. Several pH and pD (deuterium substitution) samples of the soybean peroxidase were analyzed using resonance Raman spectroscopy. The vibrational stretching frequencies of the ferryl peroxidases varied with varying pH/pD were observed within the 773–787cm-1 range. From the deuterium experiment, accompanied with changes in the vibrational frequencies of the iron-ligand, a 3cm-1 upshift and intense resonant enhancement of the peaks, we observed the ferryl nature of compound II intermediate for soybean peroxidase. Badger’s rule was used to estimate the bond distances that existed within Fe-O which offers additional insight into the structure of the ferryl species. The estimated bond distance for the soybean peroxidase was significantly less than Fe-O bond distances proposed by X-ray crystallographers for other peroxidases in the same family. Comparing the vibrational frequencies of the ferryl intermediates in soybean peroxidase to that in heme proteins portrayed the effect the protein environment has on the vibrational frequencies.
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Maughan, Peter Jeffrey. "Microsatellite polymorphism, orthologous evolution and molecular marker analysis of seed quality traits in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-163918/.
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Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan Jose Sleper D. A. Nguyen Henry T. "Genetic basis of isoflavone accumulation during soybean seed development special focus on water-deficit conditions /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6852.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 23, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. David A. Sleper; Dr. Henry T. Nguyen. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Crepin, Léa. "Soybean trade and imported deforestation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AGPT0004.
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L'essor du commerce international du soja suscite une inquiétude croissante quant à son impact sur la déforestation, et par conséquent sur le climat et la biodiversité. Le rôle des consommateurs étrangers par le biais de leur demande de produits agricoles est crucial, ce qui révèle le poids considérable du commerce extérieur dans la déforestation. Ces constats marquent un changement dans la manière dont nous abordons la déforestation, passant d'un problème de gestion des ressources locales à une préoccupation internationale. Le concept de déforestation importée illustre ce changement de perspective. Cette thèse vise à éclairer les liens entre commerce et déforestation en se focalisant sur le commerce de soja en provenance du Brésil. À travers une approche empirique, elle explore ces liens à différents niveaux de la chaîne d'approvisionnement, de l'amont à l'aval.Le premier chapitre analyse les décisions de production et d'exportation en examinant les effets d'une politique brésilienne de conservation des forêts sur le secteur du soja. En 2008, le gouvernement a établi une liste des municipalités les plus vulnérables à la déforestation pour cibler les efforts de prévention et contrôle de la déforestation. Nous utilisons cette expérience quasi-naturelle pour estimer les impacts collatéraux de cette politique sur le secteur du soja et les changements d'usages des sols. Cette question de recherche permet d'aborder les tensions entre conservation de la nature et compétitivité internationale. Pour y répondre, nous recourons à des méthodes de double différences et de contrôle généralisé. Nos résultats indiquent que le secteur du soja a bénéficié de la politique en termes d'utilisation des terres, de production et d'exportations.Dans un monde où les perturbations des chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales deviennent de plus en plus fréquentes, il est essentiel de comprendre comment ces chaînes s'ajustent. Le deuxième chapitre de cette thèse se penche sur la manière dont les chaînes d'approvisionnement en soja au Brésil réagissent aux chocs d'offre locaux, en prenant pour exemple les sécheresses. Les résultats révèlent que ces chocs entraînent une diminution des rendements, de la production et des exportations de soja au niveau des municipalités de production. Bien que les transactions avec les entreprises exportatrices puissent être affectées sur la marge intensive, cela n'impacte pas nécessairement l'existence des relations entre fournisseurs et acheteurs. Les entreprises exportatrices exposées à ces chocs montrent, en moyenne, une certaine résilience, en accroissant leurs achats auprès d'autres fournisseurs qui ne sont pas affectés. Cela soulève des questions pour les politiques contre la déforestation importée, notamment en ce qui concerne la concentration du marché, les frictions dans les réseaux d'approvisionnement, et les risques de délocalisation vers d'autres fournisseurs.Enfin, le troisième chapitre évalue la crédibilité des politiques de demande dans la lutte contre la déforestation liée à la production de soja, en analysant les liens entre demandes étrangères et production, et en en tirant des implications pour la déforestation. Nous constatons une élasticité moyenne positive des exportations de soja par rapport à la demande étrangère, ce qui confirme l'efficacité des politiques centrées sur la demande. Cependant, cette réponse moyenne dissimule des hétérogénéités entre les exportateurs et entre les municipalités brésiliennes. Les élasticités des exportations et le potentiel d'expansion du soja sont positivement corrélés, ce qui signifie que les endroits où les exportations réagissent fortement à la demande sont également ceux où il reste encore de vastes étendues forestières. Ainsi, de nombreuses municipalités présentent un potentiel élevé de réduction de la déforestation. Dans cette perspective, on peut s'attendre à ce que les politiques basées sur la demande contribuent à ralentir la déforestation au Brésil<br>The growth in international soy trade is giving rise to mounting concern about its impact on deforestation, and consequently on climate and biodiversity. The role of foreign consumers through their demand for agricultural products is crucial, revealing the considerable weight of foreign trade in deforestation. These findings mark a shift in the way we approach deforestation, from a local resource management issue to an international concern. The concept of imported deforestation illustrates this change in perspective. This thesis aims to shed light on the links between trade and deforestation by focusing on the soy trade in Brazil. Using an empirical approach, it explores these links at different levels of the supply chain, from upstream to downstream.The first chapter analyses production and export decisions by examining the effects of a Brazilian forest conservation policy on the soy sector. In 2008, the government drew up a list of municipalities most vulnerable to deforestation in order to target efforts to prevent and control deforestation. We draw on this quasi-natural experience to estimate the collateral impacts of this policy on the soy sector and changes in land use. This research question addresses the tensions between nature conservation, economic development and international competitiveness in an agricultural context. To answer this question, we use double difference and synthetic generalized control methods. Our results indicate that the soybean sector has benefited from the policy in terms of land use, production and exports.In a world where disruptions to global supply chains are becoming increasingly frequent, it is essential to understand how these chains adjust. The second chapter of this thesis looks at how soybean supply chains in Brazil respond to local supply shocks, using droughts as an example. The results indicate that these shocks lead to a reduction in soybean yields, production and exports at the level of the producing municipalities. Although transactions with exporting firms may be affected at the intensive margin, this does not necessarily affect the existence of relationships between suppliers and buyers. Exporting firms exposed to these shocks show, on average, some resilience by increasing their purchases from other unaffected suppliers. This raises questions for policies against imported deforestation, particularly with regard to market concentration, frictions in supply networks, and the risks of relocation to other suppliers.Finally, the third chapter investigates the credibility of demand policies in the fight against deforestation linked to soy production, by analysing the links between foreign demand and production, and drawing implications for deforestation. We find a positive average elasticity of soy exports with respect to foreign demand, which confirms the effectiveness of demand-side policies. However, this average response conceals heterogeneities among exporters and among Brazilian municipalities. Export elasticities and the potential for soy expansion are positively correlated, meaning that the places where exports respond strongly to demand are also those where there are still large areas of forest. Thus, many municipalities have a high potential for reducing deforestation. From this perspective, it is reasonable to expect that demand-side policies will help to slow deforestation in Brazil
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Cacho, Joyce Agnes Sabina. "United States competitiveness in soybean trade : loss market share in the Japanese soybean import market /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222009-040252/.
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Moore, Jenna Marie. "Effects of Soybean Seeding Rate on Plant-to-Plant Variability, Yield, and Soybean Cyst Nematode." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618507332113264.
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Davis, Colin Lee. "Identification, Validation, and Mapping of Phytophthora sojae and Soybean Mosaic Virus Resistance Genes in Soybean." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77857.
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Estimated at approximately $43 billion annually, the cultivated soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr., is the second most valuable crop in the United States. Soybeans account for 57% of the world oil-seed production and are utilized as a protein source in products such as animal feed. The value of a soybean crop, measured in seed quality and quantity, is negatively affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. This research is focused on resistance to biotic disease stress in soybean. In particular, we are working on the Phytophthora soja (P. sojae) and Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) systems. For each of these diseases, we are working to develop superior soybean germplasm that is resistant to the devastating economic impacts of pathogens. The majority of this research is focused on screening for novel sources of P. sojae resistance with core effectors to identify resistance genes (R-genes) that will be durable under field conditions. Four segregating populations and two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations have been screened with core effectors. Effector-based screening methods were combined with pathogen-based phenotyping in the form of a mycelium-based trifoliate screening assay. One RIL population has been screened with virulent P. sojae mycelium. Disease phenotyping has generated a preliminary genetic map for resistance in soybean accession PI408132. The identification of novel R-genes will allow for stacking of resistance loci into elite G. max cultivars. The second project covered in this dissertation describes the validation of the SMV resistance gene Rsv3. Utilizing a combination of transient expression and homology modeling; we provide evidence that Glyma14g38533 encodes Rsv3.<br>Ph. D.
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Flora, Jonathan P. "The Effects of Temperature On The Durability Of Resistance Of Soybean To Soybean Mosaic Virus." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35558.
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The objectives of this study were to determine the effects the temperature sensitivity of alleles of Rsv1 in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Soybean cultivars carrying alleles of Rsv were exposed to 1 several heat treatments designed to induce heat shock protein production prior to inoculation with soybean mosaic virus (SMV). The heat treatment methods were similar to those employed in the research with N gene-tobacco mosaic virus studies. The soybean cultivars used were Lee 69, York, Kwanggyo, Ogden and PI96983, carrying the Rsv, Rsv1-y, Rsv1-k, Rsv1-t, and Rsv1 allles of Rsv1, respectively, and were selected to provide a range of reactions to selected SMV pathotype groups. For example Rsv1-y and Rsv1-k give a necrotic response to SMV G4 and SMV G6, respectively, while both are resistant to SMV G1. To determine the durability of resistance under heat shock conditions, the symptoms were observed for changes in the phenotype of the resistance response. Immunological techniques were employed to determine the vascular movement and localization of the viral antigen in the plant. Heat treatments used were found to induce HSP but to have no effect on the resistance phenotype. A detached leaf assay was used to test the same Rsv alleles at constant 1 high temperatures. Primary trifoliolate leaflets were removed and inoculated, then placed into a continuously lighted incubator at 20 °C or 30 °C. Leaf immunoprint assays were used to determine the localization of the viral antigen. The visible symptoms for necrotic lesions and veins were observed for necrotic phenotype-pathotype combinations but mosaic symptoms were not observed on detached leaves, as expected for inoculated leaves. The detached leaf assay confirmed that no change from the expected resistance response of the Rsv alleles occurred at 30 C. A breakdown 1 o of resistance to SMV at high temperature had been reported in soybean by Tu and Buzzell (1987). The resistance gene in which the high temperature breakdown occurred has been determined to be Rsv . Using cultivars and breeding lines carrying Rsv a similar experiment was attempted in growth 3 3 chambers. Preliminary results suggest that Rsv is temperature sensitive.<br>Master of Science
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Silulwane, Nasiphi Loyola. "Effects of nitric oxide on novel soybean cystatin gene expression under salt stress in soybean." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4623.
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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to orchestrate multiple defense responses to both abiotic and biotic stress. Importantly, elevation of nitric oxide content in plants by using nitric oxide generating compounds has been shown to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought via up-regulation of genes involved in the regulation of plant responses to abiotic stress. In this study, the effect(s) of nitric oxide (generated from 10 μM of the nitric oxide donor DET/NO) on the expression of a novel soybean cystatin gene (Glyma20g08800), lipid peroxidation, caspase-like activity and cell death in salt (150 mM)-stressed soybean leaves, roots and nodules were investigated. Salt treatment resulted in elevated lipid peroxidation, caspase-like activity and increased cell death in organs studied while the observed detrimental effects of salt stress were reversed by NO treatment. Salt stress suppressed the expression of Glyma20g08800 while the levels of expression of Glyma20g08800 returned towards those of unstressed plants when the salt-stressed plants were supplemented with nitric oxide (DETA/NO). Furthermore, promoter sequences of GmCYS1p626 and three of its homologues (Glyma20g08800, Glyma14g04250 and Glyma18g12240) were analyzed for putative abiotic stress and/NO cisregulatory elements based on co-expression analyses using bioinformatics. Several abiotic stress induced transcription factors (TFs) were identified and were hypothesized to be co-acting either directly or indirectly through additional factors in the regulation of soybean cystatin expression in response to NO and abiotic stress. Taken together, these results highlight the possibility of using NO to drive high levels of expression of cystatins during salt stress and lead to accumulation of the cystatin to levels that are sufficient to inhibit salt stress-induced caspase-like activity, which will inhibit salt stress-induced cell death and thus enhance the tolerance of the plant to salt stress and possibly tolerance to drought stress as well.
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Karriem, Zaheer. "Characterization of the role of single domain soybean cystatins in regulating drought responses in soybean." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5316.
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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>This study investigated the effects that drought stress imposed on the growth and development of soybean plants. Soybeans were initially observed at the whole-plant level in order to identify the physical changes that had taken place in response to drought. Further investigation of the effects of drought stress on Soybean plants were quantified at the molecular level. Physical changes of soybeans in response to drought stress were typified by the change in leaf morphology and pigmentation. At the molecular level, it was observed that drought stress resulted in the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in soybean leaves, which was met by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation. The effects of drought on the modulation of (and interplay between cystatins) cysteine protease (caspase-like) activity and programmed cell death (PCD) were also investigated. Total caspase-like activity and cell death were enhanced in response to water deficit despite the up-regulation in gene expression of the cystatin Glyma14g04250. The cystatin Glyma18g12240 was not expressed in soybean leaves, whilst the gene expression of the cystatin Glyma20g08800 remained unchanged in response to drought. This study was aimed at the characterization of two single domain soybean cystatins, namely, Glyma14g04250 and Glyma20g08800 which could potentially be overexpressed in transgenic soybean plants in an attempt to alleviate the effects of drought stress.<br>National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Xue, Ping. "Physiological and molecular studies of ethylene effects on soybean root infection by soybean cyst nematodes." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7799.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Cai, Zheng. "Repetitive sequence analysis for soybean genome sequences." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4249.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.<br>"May 2005" The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Includes bibliographical references.
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Colgrove, Alison Lee. "An investigation of Heterodera glycines populations on resistant soybean /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164496.
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Rhine, Matthew D. "Reaction of soybean cultivars to waterlogged soil." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4551.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 28, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Lu, Peiqin. "Investigation of resistance to Heterodea glycines (scn) in soybean plant introductions (pi) 467312 and 507354." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6014.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 2, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Moody, Nathaniel David. "Optimization of Soybean Buying Strategies Using Derivatives." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28548.
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The portfolio model of hedging framework, based off Markowitz (1952), is used to determine the best mix of futures, basis, and option contracts to hedge a soybean purchase from PNW 28 weeks in to the future. Eighteen options are incorporated including in-the-money, at-the-money, and out-of-the-money call and puts with different expiration dates. Futures and option pricing data is extracted from ProphetX from November of 2013 to December of 2016. Expected utility objectives including mean-variance, CVaR, Mean-CVaR, and Mean-CVaR with copula are maximized using linear programming optimization methods. A two stage model is built to simulate hedging scenarios while measuring various statistics. Under high risk aversion, a standard futures hedge performs the best. Buyers with lower risk aversion should explore option strategies. In-the-money calls, collars, strangles, and short butterfly strategies all perform well.
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Johnson, Bryan Fisher. "Influence of Several Herbicides on Visual Injury, Leaf Area Index, and Yield of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean (Glycine max)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32295.
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The occasional failure of glyphosate to control all weeds throughout the entire growing season has prompted growers to sometimes use herbicides other than glyphosate on glyphosate-tolerant soybean. Field studies were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to investigate potential crop injury from several herbicides on glyphosate-tolerant soybean, and to determine the relationship between soybean maturity, planting date, and herbicide treatment on soybean injury, leaf area index (LAI), and yield. Three glyphosate-tolerant soybean cultivars representing maturity groups III, IV and V were planted at dates representing the full-season and double-crop soybean production systems used in Virginia. Within each cultivar and planting date, 15 herbicide treatments, in addition to a control receiving only metolachlor preemergence, were applied to cause multiple levels of crop injury. Results of this study indicate that glyphosate-tolerant soybean generally recovered from early-season herbicide injury and LAI reductions; however, reduced yield occurred with some treatments. Yield reductions were more common in double-crop soybean than in full-season soybean. In full-season soybean, most yield reductions occurred only in the early maturing RT-386 cultivar. These yield reductions may be attributed to the reduced developmental periods associated with early maturing cultivars and double-crop soybean that often lead to reduced vegetative growth and limited LAI. Additional reductions of LAI by some herbicide treatments on these soybean may have coincided with yield reductions; however, reduced LAI did not occur with all yield reducing treatments. Therefore, soybean LAI response to herbicide treatments does not always accurately indicate the potential detrimental effects of herbicides on soybean yield. Further, yield reductions associated with herbicide applications occurred, although soybean sometimes produced leaf area exceeding the critical LAI level of 3.5 to 4.0 which is the minimum LAI needed for soybean to achieve maximum yield.<br>Master of Science